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<strong>Software and documentation covering such subjects as Acorn BBCs, Econet and networking,<br>
SJ Research Fileservers, Z80, 6502, ARM and PDP11 code, C programming, Co-processors<br>
and Tube systems, Harston Advanced Disk Filing System, BBC Public Domain, CP/M.</strong>
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<td align="left"><a href="Software/BBC/" target="_top">BBC/Master</a>
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<td align="center"><a href="Software/6502/" target="_top">6502</a>
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mdfs.net
**[mdfs.net](http://mdfs.net/)**
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| **Software and documentation covering such subjects as Acorn BBCs, Econet and networking,
SJ Research Fileservers, Z80, 6502, ARM and PDP11 code, C programming, Co-processors
and Tube systems, Harston Advanced Disk Filing System, BBC Public Domain, CP/M.** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| [BBC/Master](Software/BBC/) [RISC OS](Software/RISCOS/) [CP/M](Software/CPM/) [Unix](Docs/Comp/Unix/) [Spectrum](Software/Spectrum/) [Windows](Docs/Comp/Windows/)| [BBC BASIC](Software/BBCBasic/) [C coding](System/C/) [6502](Software/6502/) [Z80](Software/Z80/) [ARM](Software/ARM/) [PDP11](Software/PDP11/) [Assembler](Software/Assembler/)| [Archiving](Apps/Archivers/) [Filing Systems](Apps/Filing/) [Filers](Apps/Filers/) [HADFS](Software/HADFS/) [File Tools](Software/FileTools/) [File Utilities](Apps/FileUtils/) [File Formats](Docs/Comp/FileFormat/)| [Disk Tools](Apps/DiskTools/) [Disk Archives](Mirror/Archive/) [Disk Images](Mirror/Image/) [Disks & Drives](Docs/Comp/Disk/) [Disk Formats](Docs/Comp/Disk/Format/)
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<h1 id="Top">Mark Headrick's Web Site.</h1>
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Howdy! :) Welcome to my (previously cheesy) Web Site!
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<p style="clear: both;"><span CLASS="counter"> 400,753 </span> People (and bots) have stumbled onto this site (well, this page).</p>
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<h2>My Tweets</h2>
<p style="background-color: white; padding: 0.5em;">Seems that Twitter's embedded timelines are just coming back with "Nothing to see here" messages which is wrong so I've disabled it for now. Can view my tweets at <a href="https://twitter.com/mrheadrick" target="_blank">@mrheadrick</a>.</p>
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Album: <a href="https://gallery.markheadrick.com/cindy-crawford/" title="Cindy Crawford" target="_blank"> <strong>Cindy Crawford</strong></a>
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<h2>What's New on <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com" target="blog">Mark Headrick's Blog</a><br>
<span class="small">Times shown are Central, US</span></h2>
<dl><dt class="blogpost">Sunday, December 24, 2023 12:38 PM: <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/24/wishing-everyone-a-merry-christmas-for-2023/" target="blog">Wishing Everyone a Merry Christmas for 2023!</a></dt>
<dd><div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-medium"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://blog.markheadrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/eq2-christmas-tree-2015-300x300.jpg" alt="EQ2 Christmas Tree 2015" class="wp-image-2648"></figure></div>
<p>Just wanted to wish everyone a <strong><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#ff0000" class="has-inline-color">Merry</mark></strong> <strong><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#007700" class="has-inline-color">Christmas</mark></strong> 🎄🎅 for 2023! 🙂 There’s some cruddy weather in places so everyone take it easy out there and stay safe as well. Oh, the image on the left was taken in <a href="https://www.everquest2.com/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EverQuest II</a>.</p>
<p>Looking forward to time spent with family and the good food. 🙂</p>
<p>Here’s a Christmas Lights to Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 music video I found. I hope you enjoy it!</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator aligncenter has-alpha-channel-opacity">
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<iframe title="Symphony No. 5 Light Show (Beethoven 250th Anniversary Special)" width="625" height="352" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ahqUaxdad-8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>
<p class="blog_comments"><a href="https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/24/wishing-everyone-a-merry-christmas-for-2023/#respond" target="blog">Add/View Comments</a>
(0 comment(s))
</p></dd>
<dt class="blogpost">Wednesday, December 6, 2023 4:52 PM: <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/06/blog-updated-to-wordpress-v6-4-2/" target="blog">Blog Updated to WordPress v6.4.2</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>Just updated my blog to <a href="https://wordpress.org/documentation/wordpress-version/version-6-4-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">WordPress v6.4.2</a> which is a maintenance release that addresses a security issue and fixes 7 bugs. As always, I backed up my files and database first. I have <a href="https://codex.wordpress.org/Configuring_Automatic_Background_Updates#Constant_to_Disable_All_Updates" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automatic updates disabled</a> so I can do this beforehand. As I usually do, I updated the local copy on my PC before updating the blog here.</p>
<p>My <a href="https://wordpress.org/themes/twentytwelve/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">TwentyTwelve</a> parent theme was not updated so I did not have to worry about anything affecting my <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/advanced-topics/child-themes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">child</a> theme. So far the update seems to have gone well. 🙂</p>
<p class="blog_comments"><a href="https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/06/blog-updated-to-wordpress-v6-4-2/#respond" target="blog">Add/View Comments</a>
(0 comment(s))
</p></dd>
<dt class="blogpost">Saturday, December 2, 2023 3:29 PM: <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/02/new-epson-ecotank-et-2800-printer-for-computer/" target="blog">New Epson EcoTank ET-2800 Printer for Computer</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>My <a href="https://epson.com/For-Home/Printers/Inkjet/Epson-Expression-Premium-XP-520-Small-in-One-All-in-One-Printer/p/C11CE02201" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Epson XP-520</a> printer started having issues. It seemed to be using more ink to clean the heads than was used in actual printing. Also, it was printing black ink in places where it should have been using one of the color inks. Even when running the Head Nozzle Check program, it would print some of the yellow as black. In addition, it was getting harder and harder to find the ink for it (273 or 273XL ink).</p>
<p>I started to look around at printers in the stores and online and decided to try out one of the EcoTank printers that use bottles of ink instead of cartridges. The ink in these printers are also supposed to last much longer. I eventually decided to on the <a href="https://epson.com/For-Work/Printers/Inkjet/EcoTank-ET-2800-Wireless-Color-All-in-One-Cartridge-Free-Supertank-Printer-with-Scan-and-Copy/p/C11CJ66202" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Epson EcoTank ET-2800</a> printer/scanner as it seemed reasonably priced at $189.99 and was at a local <a href="https://www.officedepot.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Office Depot</a>. Here's what it looks like on my desk:</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="225" src="https://blog.markheadrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/epson-ecotank-et-2800-printer-640-300x225.jpg" alt="Epson EcoTank ET-2800 Printer" class="wp-image-5138"></figure></div>
<p>So far it has been printing and scanning well. Being an ink-jet printer, I do realize that I'll probably have to clean the Print Head Nozzles from time to time. Hopefully, it'll behave better for longer. The only thing it's missing that the XP-520 printer had is a SD card reader. So, I'll probably need to get a separate USB to SD card reader since my PC does not have one built-in. I am fine with that though.</p>
<p>I have updated my <a href="https://www.markheadrick.com/hardware.shtml">Hardware</a> page to reflect the addition. 🙂</p>
<p class="blog_comments"><a href="https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/02/new-epson-ecotank-et-2800-printer-for-computer/#respond" target="blog">Add/View Comments</a>
(0 comment(s))
</p></dd>
<dt class="blogpost">Thursday, November 23, 2023 1:45 AM: <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/23/happy-thanksgiving-for-2023/" target="blog">Happy Thanksgiving for 2023!</a></dt>
<dd><div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" src="https://blog.markheadrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/thanksgiving-large-300x226.jpg" alt="Happy Thanksgiving!" class="wp-image-2042"></figure></div>
<p>Wishing everyone a <strong><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b2650f" class="has-inline-color">Happy</mark></strong> (and <strong>safe</strong>) <strong><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b2650f" class="has-inline-color">Thanksgiving</mark></strong> for 2023! I’ll be spending mine with the folks and really looking forward to all the great food and stuff! 🍗 🙂</p>
<p class="blog_comments"><a href="https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/23/happy-thanksgiving-for-2023/#respond" target="blog">Add/View Comments</a>
(0 comment(s))
</p></dd>
<dt class="blogpost">Saturday, November 11, 2023 12:40 PM: <a href = "https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/11/happy-veterans-day-2023/" target="blog">Happy Veterans Day 2023</a></dt>
<dd><div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="250" height="377" src="https://blog.markheadrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/veterans-day.jpg" alt="Veterans Day" class="wp-image-1711"></figure></div>
<p>Wishing everyone a Happy Veterans Day and reminding everyone to remember our troops, past and present, and the sacrifices they and their families have made, not only on this day, but every day. 🙂 Thank you for your service!</p>
<p class="blog_comments"><a href="https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/11/happy-veterans-day-2023/#respond" target="blog">Add/View Comments</a>
(0 comment(s))
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<hr style="clear: left;">
<h2 id="general">General Information</h2>
<a href="https://www.coca-cola.com/" target="_blank"><img src="images/cokecan.jpg" alt="Coca Cola Can" height="127" width="70" class="floatright"></a>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> I was born on June 6, 1969 in Wichita Falls, TX, but grew-up
in Edmond, OK, including going to Edmond High School there.</p></li>
<li><p>
<strong>Current Occupation: </strong> It's a secret.</p>
<p>
Before my
present job, I was: a bank teller, Interned/Co-oped with IBM down in Southlake,
TX at their Performance Evaluation Center programming Remote Terminal Emulators,
and then worked for the State of Oklahoma in the Department of Vital Statistics
(birth/death certificate stuff) for awhile, then spent 13 years working for <a HREF="https://us.creative.com/" TARGET="_blank">Creative Labs, Inc</a> starting out as a Technical Support Agent and ending up as a PC Technician/Help Desk Support in the IT Department.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<strong>Current residence:
</strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" target="_blank">Edmond, OK</a> currently. Before I lived in <a HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" TARGET="_blank">Oklahoma City,
OK</a>. If you want to know where Oklahoma City is in Oklahoma, or if you want
to see what other internet resources there are in Oklahoma, click
<a HREF="https://oklahoma.gov/" TARGET="_blank">Oklahoma</a>. Here's another site for info about what's in <a HREF="https://www.travelok.com/" TARGET="_blank">Oklahoma City</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<strong>Graduated</strong> May '92 with a Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Sciences from
<a HREF="https://go.okstate.edu/" TARGET="_blank">Oklahoma State
University</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<strong>Hobbies:</strong> Computing
and all that stuff, Music, Movies, Snow Skiing (it's been awhile since I've been :/ ), Chatting on the internet (generally while working on our website or programming), and goofing off.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<strong>Radio Station</strong> I mostly listen to is the <a HREF="https://krxo.com/" TARGET="_blank">Classic Rock station KRXO 104.5 FM</a>, followed by: <a HREF="https://kj103fm.iheart.com/" TARGET="_blank">KJ-103</a> and <a HREF="https://www.katt.com/" TARGET="_blank">Rock 100.5 the KATT.</a>, all out of Oklahoma City, OK.
</p>
</li>
<li><p>
<strong>I have one sister, Jill</strong>, who got her PhD in Physical Chemistry, researching the atmospheric chemistry of alkylperoxy radicals (believe I got that right.. has to do with lasers, studying molecular behavior of various gases, CO<sub>2</sub> and Ozone among others).. at the
<a HREF="https://www.colorado.edu/" TARGET="_blank">University of Colorado</a> She's now a Research Associate at the <a HREF="https://www.ku.edu/" TARGET="_blank">University of Kansas</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<div class="center">
<p>
<small><i>Page last modified: December 25, 2023 12:44:13 PM CST. </i> <a href="#note">*</a></small>
</p>
<p id="note">*: The <em>Page Last Modified</em> date above simply means the date of the file that generates this page which may or may not have anything to do with the date that other parts of the site were updated or even the contents of this page which are, for the most part, generated dynamically.</p>
<p>
Website was created with <a HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromedia_HomeSite" TARGET="_blank">HomeSite v4.5</a>. After Macromedia purchased HomeSite I stopped upgrading. It seems to do the things I want.. so why upgrade? Also, some aspects of version 4.5 that I use on occasion were removed from later versions.</p>
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|
Mark Headrick's Web Site
[Home Page](/)
---
[DVD/Home Theater](/dvd/dvd.shtml)
[SETI@home / Planetary Society](/seti.shtml)
[General MIDI Files/Links](/midi.php)
[Sound Blaster](/awe64.shtml)
[MOD Files/Links](/mod.shtml)
[Hardware](/hardware.shtml)
[Programming](/program.shtml)
[Entertainment](/entertainment.shtml) | [Netflix Genres](/netflix-genres.shtml)
[NASCAR](/nascar.php)
[IRC Stuff!](/irc.shtml)
[Pelicar RPG](/pelicar.shtml)
[Weather](/weather.php)
---
[WACUP Now Playing / History](/wacup-history.php)
[Old Winamp Info](/winamp-info.php "Winamp Info") | [WACUP Info](/wacup-info.php "WACUP Info")
---
[Photo Albums/Gallery](https://gallery.markheadrick.com/)
[Blog](https://blog.markheadrick.com/)
[Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/mark.headrick)
[Twitter](https://twitter.com/mrheadrick)
[YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/user/mrheadrick)
---
[Firefox Configuration](/firefox/firefox_config.php)
[Speed Test Sites/Results](/speedtests.shtml)
[System Information](/systeminfo.shtml)
---
[View/Sign my Guestbook](/guestbk.php)
---
[Play Random MIDI](javascript:popUp('/php/mididb.php?action=random'))
[Start MIDI Jukebox](javascript:popUp('/php/mididb.php?action=jukebox_on'))
[Stop MIDI Jukebox](javascript:popUp('/php/mididb.php?action=jukebox_off'))
[MIDI Stats](/php/mididb.php?action=list_top25_played)
# Mark Headrick's Web Site.
[](https://go.okstate.edu/)
[General Information](#general)
[Contact Me](/php/contact.php)
Howdy! :) Welcome to my (previously cheesy) Web Site!
400,753 People (and bots) have stumbled onto this site (well, this page).
---
Current Weather
[EDMOND, OK WEATHER](https://forecast7.com/en/35d65n97d48/edmond/?unit=us)
!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://weatherwidget.io/js/widget.min.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,'script','weatherwidget-io-js');
or check my
[Weather page](weather.php).
## My Tweets
Seems that Twitter's embedded timelines are just coming back with "Nothing to see here" messages which is wrong so I've disabled it for now. Can view my tweets at [@mrheadrick](https://twitter.com/mrheadrick).
Random image
from [Gallery](//gallery.markheadrick.com/ "Gallery")
[](https://gallery.markheadrick.com/cindy-crawford/CINDY10.jpg.php "CINDY10")
[**CINDY10**](https://gallery.markheadrick.com/cindy-crawford/CINDY10.jpg.php "CINDY10")
Album: [**Cindy Crawford**](https://gallery.markheadrick.com/cindy-crawford/ "Cindy Crawford")
Total execution time: **0.0078** seconds.
Last song played in WACUP:
[Now Playing History](wacup-history.php)
[WACUP Beta](https://getwacup.com/)
[bunch-protein](https://www.markheadrick.com/hp/senile.php)
## What's New on [Mark Headrick's Blog](https://blog.markheadrick.com)
Times shown are Central, US
Sunday, December 24, 2023 12:38 PM: [Wishing Everyone a Merry Christmas for 2023!](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/24/wishing-everyone-a-merry-christmas-for-2023/)
Just wanted to wish everyone a **Merry** **Christmas** 🎄🎅 for 2023! 🙂 There’s some cruddy weather in places so everyone take it easy out there and stay safe as well. Oh, the image on the left was taken in [EverQuest II](https://www.everquest2.com/home).
Looking forward to time spent with family and the good food. 🙂
Here’s a Christmas Lights to Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 music video I found. I hope you enjoy it!
---
[Add/View Comments](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/24/wishing-everyone-a-merry-christmas-for-2023/#respond)
(0 comment(s))
Wednesday, December 6, 2023 4:52 PM: [Blog Updated to WordPress v6.4.2](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/06/blog-updated-to-wordpress-v6-4-2/)
Just updated my blog to [WordPress v6.4.2](https://wordpress.org/documentation/wordpress-version/version-6-4-2/) which is a maintenance release that addresses a security issue and fixes 7 bugs. As always, I backed up my files and database first. I have [automatic updates disabled](https://codex.wordpress.org/Configuring_Automatic_Background_Updates#Constant_to_Disable_All_Updates) so I can do this beforehand. As I usually do, I updated the local copy on my PC before updating the blog here.
My [TwentyTwelve](https://wordpress.org/themes/twentytwelve/) parent theme was not updated so I did not have to worry about anything affecting my [child](https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/advanced-topics/child-themes/) theme. So far the update seems to have gone well. 🙂
[Add/View Comments](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/06/blog-updated-to-wordpress-v6-4-2/#respond)
(0 comment(s))
Saturday, December 2, 2023 3:29 PM: [New Epson EcoTank ET-2800 Printer for Computer](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/02/new-epson-ecotank-et-2800-printer-for-computer/)
My [Epson XP-520](https://epson.com/For-Home/Printers/Inkjet/Epson-Expression-Premium-XP-520-Small-in-One-All-in-One-Printer/p/C11CE02201) printer started having issues. It seemed to be using more ink to clean the heads than was used in actual printing. Also, it was printing black ink in places where it should have been using one of the color inks. Even when running the Head Nozzle Check program, it would print some of the yellow as black. In addition, it was getting harder and harder to find the ink for it (273 or 273XL ink).
I started to look around at printers in the stores and online and decided to try out one of the EcoTank printers that use bottles of ink instead of cartridges. The ink in these printers are also supposed to last much longer. I eventually decided to on the [Epson EcoTank ET-2800](https://epson.com/For-Work/Printers/Inkjet/EcoTank-ET-2800-Wireless-Color-All-in-One-Cartridge-Free-Supertank-Printer-with-Scan-and-Copy/p/C11CJ66202) printer/scanner as it seemed reasonably priced at $189.99 and was at a local [Office Depot](https://www.officedepot.com/). Here's what it looks like on my desk:
So far it has been printing and scanning well. Being an ink-jet printer, I do realize that I'll probably have to clean the Print Head Nozzles from time to time. Hopefully, it'll behave better for longer. The only thing it's missing that the XP-520 printer had is a SD card reader. So, I'll probably need to get a separate USB to SD card reader since my PC does not have one built-in. I am fine with that though.
I have updated my [Hardware](https://www.markheadrick.com/hardware.shtml) page to reflect the addition. 🙂
[Add/View Comments](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/12/02/new-epson-ecotank-et-2800-printer-for-computer/#respond)
(0 comment(s))
Thursday, November 23, 2023 1:45 AM: [Happy Thanksgiving for 2023!](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/23/happy-thanksgiving-for-2023/)
Wishing everyone a **Happy** (and **safe**) **Thanksgiving** for 2023! I’ll be spending mine with the folks and really looking forward to all the great food and stuff! 🍗 🙂
[Add/View Comments](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/23/happy-thanksgiving-for-2023/#respond)
(0 comment(s))
Saturday, November 11, 2023 12:40 PM: [Happy Veterans Day 2023](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/11/happy-veterans-day-2023/)
Wishing everyone a Happy Veterans Day and reminding everyone to remember our troops, past and present, and the sacrifices they and their families have made, not only on this day, but every day. 🙂 Thank you for your service!
[Add/View Comments](https://blog.markheadrick.com/2023/11/11/happy-veterans-day-2023/#respond)
(0 comment(s))
---
## General Information
[](https://www.coca-cola.com/)
* **Background:** I was born on June 6, 1969 in Wichita Falls, TX, but grew-up
in Edmond, OK, including going to Edmond High School there.
* **Current Occupation:** It's a secret.
Before my
present job, I was: a bank teller, Interned/Co-oped with IBM down in Southlake,
TX at their Performance Evaluation Center programming Remote Terminal Emulators,
and then worked for the State of Oklahoma in the Department of Vital Statistics
(birth/death certificate stuff) for awhile, then spent 13 years working for [Creative Labs, Inc](https://us.creative.com/) starting out as a Technical Support Agent and ending up as a PC Technician/Help Desk Support in the IT Department.
* **Current residence:** [Edmond, OK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma) currently. Before I lived in [Oklahoma City,
OK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma). If you want to know where Oklahoma City is in Oklahoma, or if you want
to see what other internet resources there are in Oklahoma, click
[Oklahoma](https://oklahoma.gov/). Here's another site for info about what's in [Oklahoma City](https://www.travelok.com/).
* **Graduated** May '92 with a Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Sciences from
[Oklahoma State
University](https://go.okstate.edu/).
* **Hobbies:** Computing
and all that stuff, Music, Movies, Snow Skiing (it's been awhile since I've been :/ ), Chatting on the internet (generally while working on our website or programming), and goofing off.
* **Radio Station** I mostly listen to is the [Classic Rock station KRXO 104.5 FM](https://krxo.com/), followed by: [KJ-103](https://kj103fm.iheart.com/) and [Rock 100.5 the KATT.](https://www.katt.com/), all out of Oklahoma City, OK.
* **I have one sister, Jill**, who got her PhD in Physical Chemistry, researching the atmospheric chemistry of alkylperoxy radicals (believe I got that right.. has to do with lasers, studying molecular behavior of various gases, CO2 and Ozone among others).. at the
[University of Colorado](https://www.colorado.edu/) She's now a Research Associate at the [University of Kansas](https://www.ku.edu/).
---
*Page last modified: December 25, 2023 12:44:13 PM CST.* [\*](#note)
\*: The *Page Last Modified* date above simply means the date of the file that generates this page which may or may not have anything to do with the date that other parts of the site were updated or even the contents of this page which are, for the most part, generated dynamically.
Website was created with [HomeSite v4.5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromedia_HomeSite). After Macromedia purchased HomeSite I stopped upgrading. It seems to do the things I want.. so why upgrade? Also, some aspects of version 4.5 that I use on occasion were removed from later versions.
| | | |
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| https://www.markheadrick.com/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">if(document.domain == "www.supermelf.com" || document.domain == "supermelf.com") {window.location.href="http://www.supermelf.com/index_super.html";} else if(document.domain == "www.2piand2hold.com" || document.domain == "2piand2hold.com") {window.location.href="http://www.2piand2hold.com/wedding";} else if(document.domain == "wyndryder.net" || document.domain == "www.wyndryder.net" ) {window.location.href="http://www.wyndryder.net/home/";} </script>
<title>Melissa Fedak: The Web Page</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/common.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div class="outer_main">
<div id="main_outer">
<div id="main_inner" class="contain">
<div class="title_bar"></div>
<div id="main" class="contain">
<div id="home" class="center">
<div id="homepage">
<div class="intro">Hello and thanks for coming by! Have a cup of coffee, relax, and enjoy your stay.</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="half fleft">
<a href="http://about.melissafedak.com/index.html">
<div class="contain hover_select main_text">
<img src="img/me.gif" />
<h2><div class="contain"><img src="img/aboutme.gif" /></div>
<div>Resume, works in progress, and lists...</div>
</h2>
</div>
</a>
<a href="http://portfolio.melissafedak.com/index.html">
<div class="contain hover_select main_text">
<img src="img/portfolio.gif" />
<h2><div class="contain"><img src="img/portfolio_text.gif" /></div>
<div>Portfolio of websites, writing, programming, and games
</div></h2>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="half fright">
<a href="http://travel.melissafedak.com/index.html"><!-- http://travel.melissafedak.com -->
<div class="contain hover_select main_text">
<img src="img/travel.gif" />
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</h2>
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<div class="contain hover_select main_text">
<img src="img/silly.gif" />
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<div>Movie script parodies and avatars
</div></h2>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.4.4.min.js"></script>
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if(document.domain == "www.supermelf.com" || document.domain == "supermelf.com") {window.location.href="http://www.supermelf.com/index\_super.html";} else if(document.domain == "www.2piand2hold.com" || document.domain == "2piand2hold.com") {window.location.href="http://www.2piand2hold.com/wedding";} else if(document.domain == "wyndryder.net" || document.domain == "www.wyndryder.net" ) {window.location.href="http://www.wyndryder.net/home/";}
Melissa Fedak: The Web Page
Hello and thanks for coming by! Have a cup of coffee, relax, and enjoy your stay.
[
##
Resume, works in progress, and lists...](http://about.melissafedak.com/index.html)
[
##
Portfolio of websites, writing, programming, and games](http://portfolio.melissafedak.com/index.html)
[
##
Chronicles of living and traveling within the U.S. and abroad](http://travel.melissafedak.com/index.html)
[
##
Movie script parodies and avatars](http://silly.melissafedak.com/index.html)
| http://www.supermelf.com/ |
<html><head>
</head><body>
<p>
<Note: This document is lightly html encoded and can
be viewed either directly on a text viewer or on a web
browser by changing the suffix of the file name to
"htm", i.e. (satintro.htm)>
========================================================================
</p>
<center>
<p><h2>
Introduction to Visual Satellite Observing
</h2></p>
Written by Jeff Hunt (<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="52383a273c26122033363b2a7c3c3726">[email protected]</a>)
<p> comments/corrections appreciated
</center>
<center>
<p><h3>
What is "Visual Satellite Observing"
</h3></p>
</center>
<p>
=========================================================================
<a href
="#1.0">
1.0 What Is "Visual Satellite Observing"
</a><p>
<a href
="#1.1"> 1.1 How Many Satellites Are In Orbit?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.1.1">
1.1.1 Payloads
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.1.2">
1.1.2 Rocket Bodies
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.1.3">
1.1.3 Platforms
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.1.4">
1.1.4 Debris
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.2">
1.2 How Many Satellites Can Be Seen?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.2.1"
1.2.1 How Many Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.2.2">
1.2.2 How Many Can Be Seen With Binoculars?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.2.3">
1.2.3 How Many Can Be Seen With A Telescope?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3">
1.3 When Are Satellites Visible?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.1">
1.3.1 Factors Affecting Satellite Visibility
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.1.1">
1.3.1.1 Orbit Altitude And Inclination
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.1.2">
1.3.1.2 Earth's Shadow
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.1.3">
1.3.1.3 Ground Track Precession
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.1.4">
1.3.1.4 Other Factors
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.2">
1.3.2 Times Of Satellite Visibility
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.2.1">
1.3.2.1 Evening Viewing
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.2.2">
1.3.2.2 Morning Viewing
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.3.2.3">
1.3.2.3 Other Times
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.4">
1.4 What Do Satellites Look Like?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.4.1">
1.4.1 "Normal" Satellites
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.4.2">
1.4.2 "Flashing" Satellites
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.4.3">
1.4.3 What Do The Mir Complex And Space Shuttle Look Like?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.4.3.1">
1.4.3.1 Mir Complex 1.4.3.2 Space Shuttle
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5">
1.5 What Equipment And Knowledge Are Needed To See Satellites?
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1">
1.5.1 Equipment
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.1">
1.5.1.1 Binoculars
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.2">
1.5.1.2 Telescope
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3">
1.5.1.3 Tracking Programs And Internet Resources
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.1">
1.5.1.3.1 Home Computer Tracking Programs
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.2">
1.5.1.3.2 Orbital Element Sets For Tracking Programs
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.2.1">
1.5.1.3.2.1 TLE & Satellite Data On The Internet
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.2.2">
1.5.1.3.2.2 TLE & Satellite Data On Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.2.3">
1.5.1.3.2.3 Brief Introduction To TLEs And Satellite IDs
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.3.3">
1.5.1.3.3 Satellite Prediction Services On The Internet
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.4">
1.5.1.4 Watch And Computer Time Settings
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.5">
1.5.1.5 Stopwatch
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.6">
1.5.1.6 Tape Recorder
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.1.7">
1.5.1.7 Chair
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.2">
1.5.2 Knowledge
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.1">
1.5.2.1 Celestial Coordinates
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.1.1">
1.5.2.1.1 Right Ascension (RA)
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.1.2">
1.5.2.1.2 Declination (Dec)
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.2">
1.5.2.2 Local Coordinates
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.
2.2.1">
1.5.2.2.1 Azimuth (Az)
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5.2
.2.2">
1.5.2.2.2 Elevation (Alt)
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.3">
1.5.2.3 Brightness Of Stars
</a><p>
<a href=
"#1.5
.2.4">
1.5.2.4 Tracking Considerations
</a><p>
=============================================================================
<p>
<a name
="1.0">
----1.0 What Is "Visual Satellite Observing"?
</a><p>
Many readers probably have already, without knowing it, seen an
artificial satellite moving across the sky. At first glance,
there is nothing spectacular about watching "slowly moving stars",
since that is what most artificial satellites look like. Yet,
since the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, thousands of amateur
astronomers have become fascinated by these artificial objects.
<p>
The reasons are manifold, but the sometimes unpredictable behavior of
satellites and the scientific usefulness of observations certainly
play an important role in this fascination. Most certainly, viewing
objects such as Mir and the Shuttle crossing the sky as points of
light, makes one marvel that there are living beings aboard them.
<p>
Anyone who has ever spent some time star gazing shortly after sunset
has probably noticed one or two of these "stars" gracefully sailing
across the sky. These are orbiting satellites of various types and
ages, visible due to the reflection of sunlight off their surfaces
towards the observer. The tasks of satellites cover fields such as
communications, astronomy, military applications, remote sensing,
meteorology, geology, geography, climatology, and so on. Furthermore,
the orbits they trace can indicate the condition of the upper
atmosphere, the structure of the Earth, and the nature of the solar
cycle.
<p>
The amateur observer can contribute to this field, despite the
regular generation of satellite data on the Internet by the OIG
(Orbital Information Group) at the NASA (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration) Goddard Space Flight Center. Observations
of various satellites can provide insight into the rarefied upper
atmosphere and subtleties of the Earth's gravitational field.
Amateurs can also help supplement measurements of tumbling
satellites, leading to a better understanding of the near-Earth
environment.
<p>
Visual satellite observing is an interest in locating, viewing,
analyzing and identifying those points of light that move across
the sky. Other skywatchers may see them occasionally during their
observations of the dark sky, but more than likely, they do not
have a good understanding of their origins, identities, and
functions.
<p>
The tools used in this interest have changed dramatically over the
past 10 years or more. The advent of the personal computer, the
rapid growth of the Internet, and free or low cost tracking programs
have made it relatively easy for the casual observer to obtain the
information needed to both track and identify these moving points of
light.
<p>
The tools available to the casual observer of 20 or 30 years ago
were occasional newspaper articles, which described when a sighting
might be made or when a satellite launch was scheduled and the
planned inclination of its orbit.
<p>
The more ardent observers who were 'members' of the various
professional observing programs such as Moonwatch and the English
efforts under King-Hele and Pierre Neirinck, sent out predictions
every week or so to fellow members via air mail.
<p>
It took a deeper understanding of orbital mathematics then to
observe a satellite one night and subsequently estimate when it
might be visible again. As late as 1990, orbital elements issued
by OIG, were very limited in size and were only mailed out to
subscribed individuals via the postal services. Now, government
agencies provide orbital information for non-classified satellites,
and private individuals provide the orbital information for some
of the classified satellites via the Internet or Bulletin Board
Systems (BBS). Observers can crank the timely information into
sophisticated tracking programs on their home computers to predict
when and where satellites may be sighted.
<p>
The relative ease, with which satellites can be tracked now, does
not diminish the excitement of observing them. Numerous satellites
are launched every year, and many are visible to ground observers.
Some are very bright, some have unusual or otherwise interesting
visual characteristics, and finding some of them pose a challenge
to even long-time observers, either because they are very dim or
because their orbits are not well known. Government and private
news sources on the Internet announce information about most upcoming
launches and describe the various mission programs in detail, which
enhances the excitement.
<p>
The long-time presence of the bright Mir complex, visible to
observers from about 85% of the Earth's surface, and the frequent
presence of the highly visible Space Shuttle, make satellite viewing
possible for the most casual interested observer. The Russians will
place the first element of the International Space Station called
the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) in an orbit similar to Mir's
in mid-1998. Then a month or two later, the Shuttle will attach
Node 1 to the FGB, which will allow additional modules to be attached
over following years. Once this construction has begun, the
International Space Station will be another very bright satellite
that is easily visible to casual observers.
<p>
Visual treats abound for the observer with periodic launches of
especially interesting visual satellites that may have tethers,
highly reflective surfaces, or unusual flashing behavior. There
are also elusive dim satellites, sometimes in highly eccentric
(non-circular) orbits, which challenge an observer's ability to
locate and track.
<p>
Much of the original excitement of this hobby remains in the
location and identification of classified satellites. Since they
are classified, orbital elements for these satellites are not
readily available to the public. However, private individual
observers make positional measurements and create estimated orbital
element sets. These preliminary elements, distributed on the
Internet, allow other hobbyists to search the sky to enable
sightings. This usually leads to additional sightings and allows
for the generation of even more accurate orbital elements. In
other instances, however, a classified satellite may be observed
over a short period of time then subsequently disappear from further
observations because of maneuvers to a different and more elusive
orbit.
<p>
An interest in observing may be casual or it may be driven by a
desire to make highly accurate observations, so that others can
benefit in subsequent viewings. Whatever specific interest an
individual has, visual satellite observing can be interesting and
enjoyable with as little investment as a computer connected to
the Internet or to a Bulletin Board System (BBS), a good viewing
location, and maybe a relatively inexpensive pair of binoculars.
<p>
You probably already have access to a computer that's connected
to the Internet or a BBS, so what are you waiting for? Getting
involved in tracking Earth satellites is easy. Tracking programs
can be ordered through the mail from a provider on the Internet
for a relatively modest cost. They can also be downloaded from
Internet sites and BBSs, either for free or for trial use. There
are tracking programs for all types of computer platforms written
by individuals who want to provide a "better, more versatile"
program for satellite observers.
<p>
To keep the observer up-to-date on the orbital status of Earth
satellites, there are satellite interest groups on the Internet,
such as the SeeSat-L mailing list and the Usenet newsgroup,
sci.space.shuttle. In addition, there is a multitude of
satellite-related World Wide Web sites on the Internet that
provide information regarding satellites. Most of these sites
have links to other related sites.
<p>
There are even satellite prediction services on the Internet so
novice observers don't even need a tracking program. However,
having one's own tracking program may be preferable as it allows
the information to be displayed in a format that the individual
finds more suitable. Also, with a tracking program, the observer
can pick and choose which satellites are to be tracked, rather
than being restricted to those provided by prediction services.
Personal tracking programs are easily updated periodically by
downloading up-to-date orbital elements from an Internet site or
Bulletin Board System for the many satellites that orbit the Earth.
<p>
Note: Measurements used in the following sections are metric.
For the metric impaired (those in the US :-), use the following
approximate conversions to obtain the English equivalent
measurements:
<p>
Meter to feet: m x 3.3 = feet
<p>
Centimeter to inches: cm x 0.4 = inches
<p>
Kilometer to miles: km x 0.6 = statute miles
<p>
Kilogram to pounds: kg x 2.2 = pounds
<p>
The members of SeeSat-L hope that this introduction will make
it easier for any reader to locate and use information provided
on the Internet and BBSs to track and view Earth satellites,
as well as serve as a resource for acquiring knowledge and
sharpening the skills needed by those who are interested in the
more demanding aspects of visual satellite observation.
<p>
Clear skies to all.
<p>
<a name
="1.1">
---- 1.1 How Many Satellites Are In Orbit?
</a><p>
As of the beginning of 1997, there have been over 3750 successful
satellite launches since 1957. There is expected to be
approximately 80 launches in 1997, with an expected 80-100
launches a year for the next few years. Each launch not only
deliveres one or more payloads into Earth orbit, but also leaves
other objects in space besides the payload. These secondary
objects include third or fourth stages of the rocket, shrouds,
kick motors, payload platforms, and so on. In addition, some
satellites and rocket bodies have exploded, littering the near
-Earth space environment with small orbiting fragments of debris.
<p>
By late-1997, over 25,000 orbital objects had been cataloged
since 1957. Presently, 8,660 cataloged satellites remain in Earth
orbit. Over 16,000 objects have burned up in the Earth's atmosphere,
landed on Earth or on another celestial body, or continued into
the solar system and beyond. There is still an unknown number of
very small debris fragments in orbit, which are too small to be
discovered by radar and optical means and so remain un-cataloged.
<p>
Orbiting objects are regularly tracked by means of sensitive radar
and optical equipment and then cataloged. Both the USA and Russia
have this capability. In the USA, the United States Space Command
(USSPACECOM) assigns a sequential Satellite Catalog Number and adds
the International Designation (ID) to the payload, as assigned by
the World Warning Agency for Satellites (WWAS). Subsequent non-payload
objects (e.g., platform, booster) from the same launch will receive
the same International Designation from USSPACECOM, using the next
higher letter in the English alphabet. In the US, the Orbital
Information Group (OIG) located at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,
Maryland, distributes the non-classified satellite information from
USSPACECOM to the end user.
<p>
<a name=
"1.1.1">
---- 1.1.1 Payloads
</a><p>
A payload provides the scientific or intelligence gathering
information desired by the launching country or customer, either
directly from radio communications or indirectly by observations
made from Earth. By end of 1996, there were close to 2,300
payloads in orbit. About one quarter of these payloads are still
active.
<p>
For identification purposes, payloads are normally assigned the
first letter (and the next higher letter in case of multi-payloads)
of the English alphabet in the International Designation (ID), e.g.,
96-034 A. In this example, 96 refers to the launch year 1996,
034 is the sequential number assigned that year to an orbiting
body, and the letter "A" indicates that the object is a payload.
<p>
<a name=
"1.1.2">
---- 1.1.2 Rocket Bodies
</a><p>
Satellite rocket launchers have multistage boosters to place the
platform/payload into orbit. The final stage booster(s) go into
orbit with the payload. They are normally larger than the payload
and usually are more easily visible to the observer than the
payload. A rocket body's orbit normally decays faster and reenters
the Earth's atmosphere before the platform or payload. In most
cases, a booster rocket will have an elliptical orbit, bringing
it very close to the upper atmosphere where significant drag will
be encountered at its low point in orbit (perigee).
<p>
Another factor is the mass/area ratio of the object. If the ratio
is low, then drag will have a greater influence on causing the
orbit to decay faster.
<p>
Rocket bodies are assigned the next higher sequential English letter
designation in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 B.
The Orbital Information Group (OIG) uses the acronym R/B for rocket
body in their Two Line Element designations. Approximately 15% of of
the total +8600 cataloged objects are rocket bodies.
<p>
<a name=
"1.1.3">
---- 1.1.3 Platforms
</a><p>
A platform may be used to support a payload while it is being
placed in orbit. A platform may remain in orbit long after its
purpose is served, usually longer than the rocket bodies. The
platform (if used) is normally the first object identified after
the rocket body designation with the next sequential English letter
designation in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 C.
OIG uses the acronym PLAT for platform in their Two Line Element
designations. This identifier has only been occasionally used by OIG.
<p>
<a name=
"1.1.4">
---- 1.1.4 Debris
</a><p>
Debris presents hazards to present and future payloads due to
the devastating amount of kinetic energy that can be released if
debris collides with a payload. It is a scourge to present and
future payloads because of the large numbers involved and the
inability of the launcher countries to detect small debris. Debris
in orbit occurs when parts (covers, fasteners, explosive bolts,
thermal covers, etc.) are separated from the payload, when rocket
body(s), or payloads disintegrate or explode (major contributor),
or when objects are placed into free space from manned orbiting
spacecraft during operations.
<p>
Above an altitude of 500 km (310 miles), knowledge of man made
orbital debris 10-30 cm (4-12 inches) in diameter is incomplete.
For debris smaller than 10 cm in diameter, knowledge of man made
orbital debris is virtually nonexistent. Unfortunately, it is the
altitude regime above 500 km that is the biggest long-term problem.
Below this altitude, the debris population is purged fairly quickly
by natural decay (atmospheric reentry). Above 500 km altitude,
decay can take hundreds or thousands of years.
<p>
In an article on space debris in the August 1996 issue of Popular
Mechanics, it was estimated that there could be 35 *million*
pieces of debris in orbit around the Earth. The debris that is
cataloged represents only a tiny fraction of the estimated total.
Debris larger than 1 cm in diameter presents a catastrophic hazard
to orbiting payloads. In addition, there is no known shielding
material availiable for debris of this type for present operational
satellites and for future satellites such as the International
Space Station.
<p>
Only 6% of the cataloged orbit population are operational
spacecraft, while 50% can be attributed to decommissioned satellites,
spent upper stages, and mission related objects (launch adapters,
lens covers, etc.). The remainding 44% has originated from 129
on-orbit fragmentations which have been recorded since 1961. In
these events, all but 1 or 2 of the explosions of spacecraft and
upper stages, are assumed to have generated a population of 70,000
to 120,000 objects larger than 1 cm. Only near sizes of 0.1 mm
from the sporadic flux from meteoroids prevails over man-made debris.
<p>
Smaller size debris can also be a problem, as documented by pits
found in spacecraft windows, including the Shuttle's, and similar
damage found on one of the Hubble Space Telescope's high gain
antennae. In one instance, chemical analysis of a pit on the
shuttle's window showed that it was caused by a chip of paint.
<p>
In late July of 1996 there was the first reported collision
between two cataloged space objects. A French military micro-
satellite called Cerise (International Designation 95-033B/
Satellite Catalog Number 23606) suddenly lost stability when it
appeared that its stabilization boom was impacted. After analysis
it was concluded that the possible culprit was a piece of space
debris from an Ariane booster (86-019RF/18208). Controllers were
able to reprogram the payload and regain attitude control.
<p>
For further details on this collision go to URL:
<a
href=
"http:
//www.
stk.com
/cerise.
html">
http://www.stk.com/cerise.html
</a>
<p>
The USA Shuttle has released radar calibration objects called
ODERACS, as has many Russian Cosmos series satellites. In April
1996, the MSX (Midcourse Space Experiment) satellite
96-024A/23851 was launched into a 900 km orbit. One of its
missions is to detect previously undetected orbital debris in
known orbital debris fields, both in Low Earth Orbit (LEO - a
period of rotation around the Earth of less than 225 minutes)
and in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO - a period of rotation
around the Earth of 1440 minutes or 24 hours), using optical
instruments. In addition, MSX will release 2 cm diameter
reflective reference spheres that will be tracked on a routine
basis by the USA Haystack radar facility, to make precise
measurements on atmospheric drag.
<p>
The Haystack radar facility is located near Boston, Massachusetts
and can reportedly track 1 cm objects at an altitude of 1000 km.
Measurements with this radar have provided the best and most
comprehensive picture available of the small debris population.
<p>
Efforts are being made to improve upon the detection resolution of
orbital debris. Serious efforts still need to be undertaken to
minimize the hazard of orbital debris.
<p>
Debris objects have the highest sequential English letter
assignments in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 D,
96-034 E, 96-034 F. Above 26 fragments, the scheme goes into double
or triple characters, e.g., AA, AB, AC,...AAA, AAB, and so on.
OIG uses the acronym DEB for debris in their Two Line Element
designations. Debris objects represent 58% of the total cataloged
objects.
<p>
Further detailed information on MSX can be found at the URL:
<a href
="http://
msx.nrl
.navy
.mil">
http://msx.nrl.navy.mil
</a>
<p>
Further information on orbital debris can be found at the URL:
<a href
="http://
www-sn
.jsc.nasa
.gov/debris
/toc.html">
http://www-sn.jsc.nasa.gov/debris/toc.html
</a>
<p>
<a name=
"1.2">
---- 1.2 How Many Satellites Can Be Seen?
</a><p>
<a name=
"1.2.1">
---- 1.2.1 How Many Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye?
</a><p>
Depending upon the observer's location on Earth, there are
normally hundreds of satellites above the local horizon at any
one time. However, only several dozen satellites in total can be
easily seen with the naked eye. Thus, at any one time, when the
late evening or early morning conditions allow satellites to be
seen from reflected sunlight under dark sky conditions, there
may be one or two easily visible satellites above the observer's
horizon during a 30 minute time period.
<p>
The large Russian manned laboratory Mir can become as bright as
a steady magnitude -2 (much brighter than the brightest star).
The USA Space Shuttle can become as bright as a steady magnitude -4
(about as bright as Venus, and brighter than Mir).
<p>
A list/elset of "100 (or so) Brightest Satellites" can be found at
the URL:
<a href=
"http://
www.grove
.net/
~tkelso">
http://www.grove.net/~tkelso
</a>
<p>
The term "magnitude" refers to an object's brightness. It is a
logarithmic (exponential) measurement of brightness. Extremely
dim objects have large positive values, while extremely
bright objects have large negative values. Objects can be
observed with the naked eye in a dark sky down to magnitude +6.
Thus, satellites visible to the naked eye can range in brightness
magnitude values of from +6 to -2 and can sometimes become even
brighter temporarily. The brightness of a satellite is a function
of its size, surface reflectivity, how well and from what angle
the Sun's light is illuminating the satellite, the satellite's
height above the horizon, and the corresponding effects of
atmospheric interference.
<p>
Another factor in observing a satellite is that it has to be
above the observer's local horizon. The Shuttle's orbit is
normally confined to between 30 degrees north/south latitude,
but it can be visible as far as 60 degrees latitude when it's
placed into a 57 degree inclination orbit with respect to the
equator. Thus, an observer's location on Earth plays a large
role in determining what satellites can be seen.
<p>
<a name=
"1.2.2">
---- 1.2.2 How Many Can Be Seen With Binoculars?
</a><p>
Using binoculars, at least several hundred satellites have the
potential to be seen. On average, a dozen or so satellites are
visible at any given time to an observer using binoculars.
These dimmer satellites are mainly smaller rocket stages, and
active and dead payloads. Experienced observers have also reported
seeing some of the debris near Mir using binoculars. Using 7X50mm
(seven power magnification by fifty millimeter aperture) binoculars
can allow one to see satellites under ideal viewing conditions
as dim as about magnitude +8 or 9. Higher power and larger aperture
instruments will allow one to spot even dimmer objects.
<p>
<a name=
"1.2.3">
---- 1.2.3 How Many Can Be Seen With A Telescope?
</a><p>
By using a telescope and knowing exactly where to look through
the use of prediction programs, thousands of additional satellites
have the potential to be observed briefly in a stationary
telescope with a relatively small field of view (2-3 degrees).
A special tracking program interface for a computer-driven
telescope would be needed to actually follow satellites in Low
Earth Orbit (LEO). These tracking systems, along with image
intensifiers, are needed to observe structural details of large
and low orbiting satellites. A telescope can also allow the
observer to see some of the larger pieces of debris, as well
as some of the more distant satellites, such as the geostationary
platforms, which are located 36,000 km above the Earth's surface.
<p>
There are several amateurs who modify telescopes for tracking
and who are imaging structural details of satellites such as
the Russian space station Mir and the Space Shuttle.
<p>
Alain Grycan and Eric Laffont in France have obtained some
spectacular amateur-made images of Mir. In these images, the
different Mir modules are clearly visible. Also clearly
discernible is the Sofora mast structure and the Progress motor
compartment.
<p>
Another image of Mir, taken in April 1991 with a 2.3 m (90 inch)
telescope, was produced by Dave Harvey at the Steward Observatory
in Arizona, using the Comsoft commercial satellite tracking package
on several reflector telescopes.
<p>
Marek Kozubal and Ron Dantowitz at the Boston Museum of Science
Observatory are experimenting with a 30 centimeter (12 inch)
reflector using the ArchImage mount to obtain images of satellites.
Recently they reported observing the docked Mir/Atlantis pair,
noting details such as the solar panels, and the shuttle tail and
nose.
<p>
Other images have been made by a ground based telescope at the USA
Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS). The outline of the Shuttle is
clearly visible, and there is a hint of detail. Images from
frames in a video sequence were taken using a CCD (charge-coupled
device) camera and a 1.2 m (48 inch) telescope at the USA Air Force
Phillips Lab Malabar Test Facility over Florida during the STS-37
Shuttle mission.
<p>
Most of the images mentioned above can be found at the URL:
<a href=
"http:
//www.
satellite
.eu.org
/sat/vsohp
/telescope
.html">
http://www.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/telescope.html
</a>
<p> or its mirror:
<a href=
"http:
//www2
.satellite
.eu.org
/sat/vsohp
/telescope
.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/telescope.html
</a>
<p>
Possibly the most spectacular telescopic observations of any
satellite were those rumored to have been made of the Space
Shuttle Columbia during the STS-1 mission, by an orbiting
Keyhole reconnaissance satellite. Supposedly to allay fears
concerning detached thermal protection tiles on the underside
of the Shuttle (crucial to determine whether the vehicle would
survive the heat of reentry), the orbiting Keyhole satellite was
used to examine the belly of Columbia after tiles were noticed
to be missing from the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods
at the rear of the craft. Subsequent analysis of the orbits of the
shuttle and the known Keyhole (optical recon) satellites in orbit
at the time of the mission indicate that only one possible photo
opportunity arose. The two craft were several tens of kilometers
apart at the time and traveling in different directions. Thus, any
image would have more than likely suffered significantly from motion
blur. It is debatable as to whether use of suitable image restoration
techniques could reclaim sufficient resolution, in order to identify
individual tiles or groups of tiles. In any event, one is unlikely
to see such pictures, if they exist, for many years yet, if at all.
<p>
<a name
="1.3">
---- 1.3 When Are Satellites Visible?
</a><p>
Whether or not a satellite is visible to a given observer is
dependent upon many factors such as observer location, time of
day, satellite altitude, and sky condition. Knowing these details
may aid an observer in determining the most favorable times for
sightings and is most certainly necessary, in order to spot some
of the more elusive targets that speed across the heavens.
<p>
<a name
="1.3.1">
---- 1.3.1 Factors Affecting Satellite Visibility
</a>
<p>
<a name
="1.3.1.1">
---- 1.3.1.1 Orbit Altitude And Inclination
</a>
<p>
The visibility of a satellite depends on its orbit, and the
simplest orbit to consider is circular. A circular orbit can be
characterized by stating the orbital altitude (height of
the spacecraft above the Earth's surface) and the orbital
inclination (the angle of the satellite's orbital plane to the
Earth's equatorial plane). For simplicity, it is the values of
these parameters that dictate whether an orbiting satellite can
be seen by a particular observer.
<p>
Most orbits are elliptical, rather than perfectly circular. In an
elliptical orbit, the satellite's height (above Earth) varies
smoothly between the apogee (farthest point on the orbit from the
Earth), and the perigee (closest point on the orbit to the Earth).
<p>
The orbital inclination dictates over which areas of the Earth
the satellite will "fly". In an orbit of 25 degrees inclination,
the ground track (the point on the Earth's surface directly below
the satellite, which is traced out during its orbit) will never
exceed 25 degrees North or 25 degrees South in latitude. This
satellite would never be visible from Northern Europe, for example,
unless its orbital altitude were some 1500 km or so (and thus would
then appear considerably dimmer, than if it were in low Earth orbit
or at a higher elevation in the local sky).
<p>
Orbital inclination is the measure of the angle between the Earth's
equator and the orbit in question. It is measured counter-clockwise
from East (0 degrees) to West (180 degrees). Based on inclination,
we can place orbits in some general categories:
<p>
* Prograde/Retrograde Orbits
<p>
Orbits greater than 90 degrees are "retrograde" (they move in a
westerly direction), while orbits less than 90 degrees are "prograde"
or "direct" (they move in a easterly direction).
<p>
* Equatorial Orbits
<p>
Equatorial orbits are of low inclination (within a few degrees of
the Earth's equator), where the majority of satellites will travel
from west to east in the sky if launched in an easterly direction
(prograde) or from east to west if launched in a westerly direction
(retograde). Satellites launched in an easterly direction (prograde)
can take advantage of the Earth's eastward rotation to assist the
launch. This bonus can be used to either reduce the fuel requirement,
or increase the payload capacity of the launch vehicle, or both.
<p>
* Geostationary/geosynchronous Orbits
<p>
These orbits are special cases of equatorial orbits. Here the
orbital altitude is such (around 36,000 km) that it takes the
satellite one day to orbit the Earth, and it thus "hovers" over
the same point on Earth. Such orbits are suitable for communications
or meteorological observation. Satellites in such orbits are, however,
only observable with telescopes and binoculars, because they are so
far away.
<p>
* Polar Orbit
<p>
A high inclination orbit (within 10 degrees of 90 degrees will take
a satellite over the polar regions so that it covers the whole
Earth's surface, as the Earth rotates below it.
<p>
* Low-inclination Orbit
<p>
This is an orbit defined as having an inclination of less than
45 degrees or greater than 135 degrees.
<p>
* High-inclination Orbit
<p>
Orbital inclinations between 45 and 135 degrees are considered
high-inclination orbits.
<p>
Thus far, we can see that for a satellite to be easily visible
to an observer it should be in low Earth orbit at an inclination
that is almost equal to or greater than the observer's latitude.
<p>
<a name=
"1.3.1.2">
---- 1.3.1.2 Earth's Shadow
</a>
<p>
The Earth's shadow must also be considered. When eclipsed, a
satellite is naturally not visible. Such events are dependent upon
the satellite's altitude, inclination, the time of year, and the
observer's location. The Earth's shadow is, for example, "longer"
or "higher" in the local sky for an observer at the equator than
it is for, say, an observer in the northern polar region during
June. The shadow at the same latitude in the southern hemisphere
during the same time period is even higher. Thus the fraction of the
night available for observing low Earth orbiting satellites is
shorter in Ecuador than it is in Sweden (and even shorter in
Australia) at that same time of year. In fact, Arctic observers may
seldom see satellites disappear into Earth's shadow during their
Summer as long as the sky is dark enough to observe.
<P>
<a name=
"1.3.1.3">
---- 1.3.1.3 Ground Track
</a><p>
Precession Of course it is not simply a question of watching for
a given satellite at the same time each night. Few satellites have an
orbital period which is a simple fraction of one day, the
geostationary satellites being the obvious exception. The orbital
period is dictated by the satellite's altitude. The higher the
altitude, the further it has to travel around the Earth and the
longer it thus takes. Satellites in low Earth orbit (say 300 km)
complete one orbit in around 90 minutes, whereas at geostationary
altitudes (about 36,000 km) one orbit takes 24 hours. This is simple
orbital mechanics.
<p>
Thus, the satellite arrives later (or earlier) on successive nights.
With each delay/advance in arrival time, the Earth will have rotated
a little farther (or less) with respect to the satellite's orbit. The
consequence of this is that each night the satellite will appear in a
different portion of the sky during each pass, and the number of
visible passes will vary. This shifting is called ground track
precession. This ground track precession is also due to the
non-spherical shape of the Earth, which can cause the orbital plane
to be shifted by a few degrees.
<p>
In the longer term (days to weeks) the passes will drift from
evening to daylight hours, then into the morning before returning
to the evening once more. Imagine trying to live a 22 hour day. As
the days passed, one would gradually wake earlier and earlier until
one was having breakfast when others were off to bed. With more time,
one's waking hours would re-synchronize with everyone else's, before
beginning this cycle once more. Thus, windows of satellite visibility
are created.
<p>
Consider the Russian space station Mir. It will be visible for a
week or so in the evening sky, and the best passes (those of highest
local elevation above the horizon) will occur earlier each day.
Eventually it is lost in daylight for the next two weeks or so
before emerging in the pre-dawn sky. After a series of early morning
passes for a week or so, visible passes are again lost, due to Mir
being eclipsed by the Earth's shadow at around midnight, before
reappearing in the evening sky. Mir repeats this visibility cycle
about every four weeks.
<p>
Many satellites in low Earth orbit go through a similar cycle of
visibility. The cycle varies with orbital inclination, altitude,
and observer location. In the case of the Shuttle, due to the short
term nature of the missions (typically 7-10 days) an entire mission
can occur entirely outside of one of these windows of visibility.
<p>
<a name=
"1.3.1.4">
---- 1.3.1.4 Other Factors
</a><p>
The simple idea of circular/elliptical orbits presented here belies
the complications, which arise from the fact that the satellite
suffers greater air resistance the lower its orbit. This bleeds off
the orbital energy, lowering the orbit yet further as the satellite
begins to brush the upper atmosphere at perigee. The forces on the
satellite due to the Earth (and Moon, Sun, etc.) vary throughout
its orbit (the Earth is not a nice spherical shape!) giving rise to
continual change in the orbit.
<p>
Fortunately, advanced orbital models using SGP4 and SDP4 codes
take into account terrestrial, lunar and solar effects. These
models are the basis for many software packages for satellite
tracking and predicting. When used with recent and accurate orbital
data, these programs yield very accurate predictions, which are a
great aid to observers.
<p>
<a name
="1.3.2">
---- 1.3.2 Times Of Satellite Visibility
</a><p>
<a name
="1.3.2.1">
---- 1.3.2.1 Evening Viewing
</a><p>
Satellites viewed in the late evening and early night are more
easily seen in the eastern half of the sky. As is the case with
the Moon, one half of the satellite is always illuminated by the
Sun, except when it's within the Earth's shadow. The relative
position of the Sun, satellite, and observer determines whether
the satellite will be more or less illuminated as seen by the
observer. With the Sun in the west and a satellite located in the
east, the angle between Sun-satellite-observer (phase angle) will
be small. This means a greater portion of the illuminated satellite
will be facing the observer. Although "normally" satellites may be
located in the western part of the sky for a particular evening's
observations, most likely, the observer will have difficulty in
locating them as the major portion of the illuminated satellite
will not be facing the observer.
<p>
Note, that phase angle can also be measured as the angle between
the Sun-observer-satellite in which case the phase angle will
increase as the satellite appears to be more illuminated by the
Sun to the observer.
<p>
Many satellite prediction and tracking programs provide the phase
angle and/or percent illumination of the satellite to the
observer. Some programs can provide the empirical magnitude value
(a value independent of the geometry of the pass) and/or the standard
magnitude value (a value dependent upon the geometry of the pass).
<p>
<a name=
"1.3.2.2">
---- 1.3.2.2 Morning Viewing
</a><p>
Similarly, satellites viewed in the early morning hours before
dawn are more easily seen in the western half of the sky. Also,
morning observations can have less light pollution as the general
public is asleep and more building and area lights may be off.
<p>
<a name
="1.3.2.3">
---- 1.3.2.3 Other Times
</a><p>
Most Low Earth Orbit satellites (LEO, having an orbital period of
less than 225 minutes) cannot be viewed for the entire overnight
period, because they eventually fly into the Earth's shadow.
Exceptions can occur at the beginning of Summer in an observer's
hemisphere, when the Sun is at its highest inclination to the
Earth. At that time, it is possible for some LEO satellites having
high inclination orbits to avoid the Earth's shadow, so that they
may be viewed several times during the "whole night". On the
other hand, an extremely high latitude observer may not be able to
view satellites during early summer, as the sky never gets dark
enough for observations.
<p>
There are two other exceptions to these visibility constraints,
though both are not exactly common methods of observation. The first
is daytime viewing. This is not recommended, but only is mentioned,
as a few individuals have reported viewing some of the brightest
satellites, such as Mir, Shuttle and Iridiums during the daytime.
It obviously helps to know exactly where to look (courtesy of one
of the many prediction programs available) and to look under optimum
lighting conditions, that is to say, when the Sun-satellite-observer
angle (phase angle) is at a minimum, which occurs when either the
satellite is quite low in the west just after sunrise, or low in the
east shortly before sunset.
<p>
Binoculars are a great help with such observations, but be wary
of the Sun, as -- SEVERE EYE DAMAGE -- will occur if the Sun is
inadvertently viewed with or without binoculars! One technique,
which may be of some use, is the use of a polarizing filter to
increase the contrast between the sky and satellite. Sunlight
scattered in the atmosphere becomes polarized. Thus, some contrast
improvement may be gained by using an appropriately aligned filter.
Note that ABSOLUTELY NO protection against eye damage caused by viewing
the Sun is afforded with the use of such filters.
<p>
A second exception lies in the fiery death of an orbiting body
reentering Earth's atmosphere. A few observers make public
predictions on the decay of satellites. However, a prediction for
decay is not an exact science. Many variables will cause a decay to
occur earlier or later than predicted. However, lucky observers may
find themselves in the right place at the right time to witness a
reentry, as the satellite experiences frictional heating in the upper
atmosphere, leaving a fiery trail across the night (or even daytime)
skies.
<p>
<a name
="1.4">
---- 1.4 What Do Satellites Look Like?
</a><p>
<a name
="1.4.1">
---- 1.4.1 "Normal" Satellites
</a><p>
The majority of satellites (normally payloads) have a steady
(non-pulsating) illumination associated with them. A gradual
brightening and dimming may be observed, but it is associated
with the changing phase angle of illumination. As the satellite
traverses from one horizon to the other, the area illuminated by
the Sun changes its orientation with respect to the observer and
the amount of area illuminated (depending upon the geometry of the
satellite) changes causing a change in brightness.
<p>
These satellites have a stable orientation in orbit. They may not
be rotating at all, because they have an attitude control system of
some type or they have become gravity gradient stabilized or because
their rotational energy has been dissipated by eddy current torques.
They may be spin stabilized and have evenly reflective surfaces, so
that their observed brightness is relatively stable.
<p>
Most satellites appear white, others may be off-white. A few appear
yellow, or even a somewhat reddish hue. These color differences can
normally be attributed to the satellite's surface color and
finish and can be very subtle. A reconnaissance satellite called
Lacrosse 2 has a reddish hue associated with it because of the
red-colored kapton insulation used on the surface of this large LEO
satellite. In addition, a brief color change can occur as the
satellite enters or leaves the Earth's shadow.
<p>
<a name
="1.4.2">
---- 1.4.2 "Flashing" Satellites
</a><p>
Flashing (pulsating) satellites provide additional interest to
observers. The flashing is caused by the satellite body rotating
and different parts of the satellite reflecting different intensities
of brightness back to the observer. A satellite may rotate around
more than one of its three axes, producing spectacular and irregular
flashing. There can be several different observable types of light
intensity pulsations associated with one satellite.
<p>
The flashing characteristics can change over time as the satellite's
rotation about one or more rotation axes changes. The changes can be
the result of venting gasses, interaction with the upper atmosphere,
and interaction with the Earth's magnetic field.
<p>
<a name
="1.4.3">
---- 1.4.3 What Do The Mir Complex And Space Shuttle Look Like?
</a><p>
The Russian space station Mir and the USA Space Shuttle (during a
mission) are the two brightest satellites visible to the naked eye.
They are very easy to spot by virtually anyone, regardless of
equipment or experience.
<p>
<a name
="1.4.3.1">
---- 1.4.3.1 Mir Complex
</a><p>
The Mir Complex has been in orbit since early 1986, in a relatively
highly inclined orbit of nearly 52 degrees, with an average altitude
of approximately 390 km. This means that anyone between latitudes
61 North and 61 South can view this object quite easily with the
naked eye. Over the years, the complex has grown in size from the
initial Mir module to a combination of five additional laboratory
modules, plus the Soyuz transport and Progress cargo vehicles. This
combination makes the orbiting module complex approximately 32
meters long by 30 meters wide by 27 meters high. Factor in the solar
arrays, and the result is a relatively bright object that can be
viewed with the naked eye.
<p>
Mir's color is a slightly off-white or yellow. It appears as a
steady illuminated object, though occasionally bright glints
can be viewed, probably from the various solar arrays as the
sunlight reflects off of them.
<p>
Depending on an observer's location on Earth, it is possible to
periodically view the rendezvous of the Mir complex with supporting
transport and cargo vehicles (Soyuz and Progress). Also, regular
extravehicular activities (EVAs) are planned, to move and adjust
experiments, solar panels, portable cranes and other equipment.
Material discarded from these EVAs can sometimes be viewed (with
the aid of binoculars or telescope) in the immediate area of the
Mir complex.
<p>
Much less frequently, the Space Shuttle rendezvous with the Mir
complex may be viewed by some observers. Normally all rendezvous
dockings of the Mir complex take place over Western Russia and
Eastern China, in order to facilitate communications between Mir
and the Russian ground control center via Russian communication
satellites and ground stations.
<p>
<a name
="1.2.3.2">
---- 1.4.3.2 Space Shuttle
</a><p>
The USA Space Shuttle is also easily visible to the naked eye.
The 37 meter long by 24 meter wide vehicle is sometimes observed
to be brighter than the Mir complex. This can be attributed
to the bright white upper surface wing area and the extension of
the highly reflective Shuttle cooling radiators inside the opened
cargo bay doors. Additionally, the Shuttle normally flies at a lower
altitude of approximately 300 km, compared to Mir's altitude of
390 km.
<p>
The Shuttle maintains various attitudes during its missions for
experimental purposes and for cooling considerations. The attitude
of the Shuttle, as well as its location over the Earth during a
mission, can be found in real time on the NASA web page for the
Shuttle at the URL:
<a href=
"http://
shuttle
.nasa
.gov">
http://shuttle.nasa.gov/
</a><p>
Unique to the Shuttle is the periodic observance of water dumps.
The water turns to ice crystals and until it subliminates to a
vapor, can be visible as a hazy cloud around the immediate area
of the Shuttle vehicle. Sub-satellites are sometimes launched
from a Shuttle during a mission. These sub-satellites either trail or
lead the Shuttle by 100 km or so while deployed, so as to not be
influenced by contamination originating from the Shuttle. Most
sub-satellites are recovered by the Shuttle before the end of the
mission. Normally these objects, while deployed, can be viewed with
the use of binoculars (or even naked eye) and can be seen keeping
formation with the Shuttle.
<p>
<a name
="1.5">
---- 1.5 What Equipment And Knowledge Are Needed To See Satellites?
</a><p>
<a name
="1.5.1">
---- 1.5.1 Equipment
</a><p>
The only equipment that is absolutely necessary are eyes and a
set of predictions indicating when and where to look to see
naked-eye satellites.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.1.1">
---- 1.5.1.1 Binoculars
</a><p>
Naturally, use of binoculars or a telescope improves the viewing
over the unaided eye. Much fainter objects can be seen, but at the
expense of a smaller field of view. Binocular larger than 8x become
heavy and could require a mounting system in order to provide a
stable view. As the aperture of the instrument increases, fainter
satellites can be seen. As a rough guide, a decent 50 mm pair of
binoculars (e.g., 7x50, which magnifies sevenfold and which has an
objective diameter of 50 millimeters) will extend visibility from
the naked eye limit of about magnitude +6 to about magnitude +8 or
+9, in dark skies with stable atmospheric conditions. The purchase
and use of a relatively inexpensive pair of astronomical binoculars
greatly increases the observability of satellites. For new purchases,
an objective diameter of at least 50 mm with fully coated optics is
highly recommended.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.1.2">
---- 1.5.1.2 Telescope
</a><p>
With a 20 centimeter (6-8 inch) reflector telescope, satellites as
faint as magnitude +14 can be viewed. With experience, a small
telescope can be manually slewed to track a satellite during the pass.
However, tracking a satellite with a large telescope requires a
computer motor driven mount and use of accurate satellite coordinates
during the pass. Even when using valid, up-to-date USSPACECOM elements,
the tracking error can amount to up to one degree. This is even
without considering the maneuvering that the likes of the Shuttle
and Mir will perform regularly.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.1.3">
---- 1.5.1.3 Tracking Programs And Internet Resources
</a><p>
<a name
="1.5.1.3.1">
---- 1.5.1.3.1 Home Computer Tracking Programs
</a><p>
Tracking software is widely available for amateur satellite
observers on the Internet or on BBSs, either commercially or as
Shareware or Freeware. Most of these programs use Earth-centered
orbital Keplerian Two Line Elements (TLEs). The TLE is a standard
mathematical model to describe a satellite's orbit. TLEs are
just one type of format for orbital elements. Another type is known
as the AMSAT format and is mainly used for software that predicts
amateur radio satellites.
<p>
Two Line Elements (TLEs) are processed by a computer tracking
software program, yielding predictions for viewing time and position.
The program determines the location of selected satellites above the
horizon from a chosen observing location.
<p>
The satellite's celestial Right Ascension (RA) and Declination (Dec)
coordinates and/or local coordinates of the satellite in terms of
elevation (angle above the local horizon) and azimuth (true compass
heading) during the pass are provided by the program at a frequency
determined by the observer. Most of the tracking programs display
these predicted coordinates and related information both graphically
and in text format.
<p>
Tracking program resources are at many URLs, including:
<p>
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/tletools.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/tletools.html
</a><p>
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/orbsoft.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/orbsoft.html
</a><p>
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/otherinfo.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/otherinfo.html
</a><p>
<a href="http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/software/satellite/sat-trak.htm">
http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/software/satellite/sat-trak.htm
</a><p>
<a href="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/">
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/
</a><p>
<a href="http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftpsoft.html">
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftpsoft.html
</a><p>
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/programs/">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/programs/
</a><p>
<a href="ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/programs/">
ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/programs
</a><p>
<a href="ftp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/pub/software/">
ftp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/pub/software/
</a><p>
<a name
="1.5.1.3.2">
---- 1.5.1.3.2 Orbital Element Sets
</a><p>
For Tracking Programs Naturally, tracking programs need accurate
and recent data in order to generate accurate predictions. This
data comes in the form of Keplerian or Two-Line Elements (TLEs).
Groups of TLEs are also sometimes called "elsets".
<p>
<a name
="1.5.1.3.2.1">
---- 1.5.1.3.2.1 TLE & Satellite Data On The Internet
</a><p>
The Orbital Information Group (OIG) is the primary public distributor
of satellite orbital data on the Internet. OIG receives its
information from the USSPACECOM (United States Space Command). OIG
disseminates non-classifed information to other agencies and to the
public on the Internet. OIG also disseminates classified information
to certain government agencies on a "need to know" basis. The Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) disseminates the information to the
public via their anonymous FTP site.
<p>
In addition, there are private individuals and organizations not
affiliated with government agencies that generate data on the
Internet regarding Earth orbiting satellites.
<p>
Positional measurements of some classified satellites are
made from observations by private individuals around the world.
More accurate orbital data derived from subsequent observations is
again generated by private individuals and is disseminated on the
Internet. Three such resources having Two-Line Elements (TLEs)
generated by private individuals are:
<p>
* SeeSat-L (Listserver) Subscribe via e-mail to
<span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b6e5d3d3c5d7c29bfa9be4d3c7c3d3c5c2f6dadfc5c2c598c5d7c2d3dadadfc2d398d3c398d9c4d1">[email protected]</span>
(in the subject line type "subscribe" without quotes)
<p>
* SeeSat-L Archives
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/seesat/index.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/seesat/index.html
</a>
<p>
* Ted Molczan TLE files
<a href="ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements/molczan">
<ul> ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements/molczan
</a>
<p>
<a href="ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/molc/">
ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/molc/
</a></ul>
<p>
Two Line Element sets (TLEs or elsets), can be found at several
Internet locations. A few of the many Internet sites containing
TLEs are:
<p>
* OIG -
<a href="http://oigsysop.atsc.allied.com">
http://oigsysop.atsc.allied.com
</a><p>
<ul> <a href="telnet://oig1.gsfc.nasa.gov">
telnet://oig1.gsfc.nasa.gov
</a>
<ul> Logon: oig
<p> Password: goddard1
</ul>
<p>
* JPL -
<a href="ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements">
ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements
</a>
<p>
* SPACELINK -
<a href="http://spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov">
ftp/http/telnet://spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov
</a>
<p> (via their Spacelink.Hot.Topics/Next.Shuttle.Mission.STS-xx/ directory
<p>
* KSC -
<a href="http://www.ksc.nasa.gov">
http://www.ksc.nasa.gov
</a><p>
* Other links -
<p>
<a href="ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/">
ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/
</a>
<p>
<a href="http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/">
http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/
</a><p>
<a href="http://www.fc.net/~mikem/">
http://www.fc.net/~mikem/
</a><p>
<a href="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/">
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/
</a><p>
* VSOHP -
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/getkeps.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/getkeps.html
</a><p>
<a name="1.5.1.3.2.2">
---- 1.5.1.3.2.2 TLE & Satellite Data On Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)
</a><p>
The following are just a few of the BBSs available. Note that the
telephone numbers provided are for placing calls from within the same
country as the BBS. International calling requires the use of an
International code and a Country code in addition to
the provided telephone number. International callers should consult
their telephone company's international access provider to obtain the
proper calling codes.
<p>
United States:
<p>
<ul>
* OIG can be accessed via a BBS by calling 1-301-805-3251 OR 3154;
8 bit No Parity 1 stop.
<p>
* David Ransom, Jr. maintains the RPV BBS at 1-520-282-5559
<p>
* The NASA SpaceLink BBS can be reached at 1-205-895-0028.
<p>
* The Datalink RBBS System at 1-214-394-7438; 8 bit NO parity 1 stop.
</ul>
<p>
Canada:
<p>
<ul> * The Canadian Space Society BBS can be reached at 1-905-458-5907.
<p>
</ul>
<p> Belgium:
<p>
<ul> * Alphonse Pouplier's BBS can be reached in Belgium at
32 (0) 81 460122. The BBS owner requests that users first obtain
approval by voice using the same telephone number.
</ul>
<p>
Japan:
<p>
<ul> * The Space Board BBS provides OIG TLE sets and online prediction
service with a UNIX SatTrack, in addition to astronomy and space
news. The number is +81-45-832-1177.
</ul>
<p>
<a name="1.5.1.3.2.3">
---- 1.5.1.3.2.3 Brief Introduction To TLEs And Satellite IDs
</a><p>
Keplerian or Two-Line Element Sets (TLEs) are distributed in the
form shown in the example below:
<p>
Elements
<p>
<pre>
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
</pre>
<p>
For clarfication, Line 1 by its self, follows.
<p>
<pre>
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
</pre>
<p>
The epoch date is the third element in line 1 of the TLE. The epoch
is the sequential date in a given year when the satellite crossed the
Earth's equator in an ascending (northly) direction following
observations by tracking stations.
<p>
Jim Varney, a subscriber to SeeSat-L responded to a question poised
by another subscriber as to what the epoch date referred to in the
TLE. His response (in part) was:
<p><ul>
"Tracking stations measure the early/late error and the off-track
(plane) error compared to predictions made from their own ephemeris
software, not elsets. If the errors are acceptable, the satellite
is considered 'correlated'. If the errors are too large or the
object is completely unknown, it is considered an uncorrelated
target (UCT).
<p>
Once a UCT is found, ground stations attempt to obtain tracking
data for a minimum of
5.5 percent of one orbital period. This is their rule of thumb for
the minimum data needed to generate a good set of elements.
<p>
Correlated objects are always observed from multiple ground stations
to sample different parts of the orbit. The observed track is
far less than is done for UCT's. The mulitiple observations from
multiple stations are used to correct the previous element set using
differential corrections. These working 'elements' are state vectors
plus perturbation terms. Two-line mean elsets are made after the
state vector elements are produced.
<p>
The only exception to the use of multiple ground stations is for
objects near decay. Then they use what observations they can get.
For most objects in the catalog (provided by OIG) there is no
correlation between the 2-line elset epoch and any given ground
observation. In a sense you could say that most elsets are 'predicted'
because the elset position at epoch is never the raw observed
position. The near decay objects appear to be highly correlated to
ground observations only because one or two stations are
contributing to the analysis."
<p>
</ul>
<p>
<pre>
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
</pre>
<p>
In the above example for Line 1, observations calculated
the satellite made an ascending (northerly) equatorial crossing
on day 198.95303667 in the year 1996. Universal Time (UT), formally
known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), is the time standard that is
used. Specifically, the equatorial crossing for the series of
observations was made on day 198 of the year 1996 at 22:52 UT
[24 (hours) x 0.95303667 = 22.87288 hours, and 60 (minutes)
x 0.87288 = 52.3728 minutes].
<p>
Most tracking programs will inform the user how old the element
is by using the epoch date element. This tells the user if an old
and possibly unreliable TLE is being used.
<p>
<pre>
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
^^^^^
</pre>
The first element in line 1 (00047U) and in line 2 (00047) is the
Satellite Catalog Number assigned by USSPACECOM. The official title
for this identifier is "Satellite Catalog Number". However, many
acronyms are used because of their brevity and past history of use.
These include NORAD (North American Air Defense), NSSC (NORAD Space
Surveillance Center), Cat # (Catalog Number), Object Number,
USSPACECOM (US Space Command) number, and so on. Thus the satellite
in the example TLE was 47th satellite ever cataloged by the USSPACECOM.
<p>
"Satellite Catalog Number" comes from the early days of satellite
identification done at Hanscom Field, Massachusetts, USA in the late
1950's, where they kept track of the satellites they identified, by
giving them the next ascending number in a log that began with the
number 00001 for Sputnik. When NORAD took over the responsibility for
tracking, they continued using the sequence. Now USSPACECOM continues
the assignment.
<p>
<pre>
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^
</pre>
</p>
The second element in line 1 (60007C) indicates the International
Designation (ID). This indicates a launch in 1960 and it was the 7th
successful orbital launch for that year. "C" designates the third
object catalogued for that launch. The International Designation is
also described by terms such as International ID, COSPAR (COmmittee
for SPAce Research) number, and COSPAR/WWAS (COSPAR World Warning
Agency for Satellites) number.
<p>
The World Warning Agency (WWAS) is the body authorized by the United
Nations to issue the International ID. WWAS issues the International
Designation for the payload but not for any of the other objects
placed in orbit as a result of the launch. Subsequent International
Designations for non-payload objects are normally assigned by
USSPACECOM using the same designation as the payload, but using
the next higher English letter in the alphabet.
<p>
<pre>
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
</pre>
<p>
Line 0 (the line above line 1) provides the common name of the
satellite object. Not all TLEs have common names associated with
them, but they are an additional enhancement provided by some TLE
distributors to allow the tracking program to provide a common
name for the satellite in addition to the Satellite Catalog Number
and/or International ID. Note, "R/B" is an OIG acronym for rocket.
<p>
<a name="1.5.1.3.3">
---- 1.5.1.3.3 Satellite Prediction Services On The Internet
</a><p>
There are several satellite prediction services on the Internet.
Each provides an ephemeris for one or more satellites, which
indicates when and where to look to see the satellites. These
ephemerides, which are a tabular collection of data points that
include position and velocities as a function of time, are
generally in a text format.
<p>
The ephemeris service at
<a href=
"http://
www.chara
.gsu.edu
/sat.html">
Georgia State University:
</a>
<p><ul> http://www.chara.gsu.edu/sat.html
</ul>
<p> and at the
<a href=
"http://acsprod1
.acs.ncsu.edu
/scripts/HamRadio
/sattrack">
North Carolina State University:
</a><p>
<ul> http://acsprod1.acs.ncsu.edu/scripts/HamRadio/sattrack
</ul>
<p>
have a database of over 800 satellites and allows the user to
decide how bright a satellite must be in order to be included
in the output ephemeris. Users must input their geographical
location as latitude and longitude. A link to a geographic server
is provided to obtain this information if it is not known by the
user.
<p>
The ephemeris service at
<a href=
"http://
ssl.berkeley
.edu/isi
_www/
satpasses
.html">
Space Science Lab at Berkeley:
</a>
<p><ul> http:/ssl.berkeley.edu/isi_www/satpasses.html
</ul>
<p>
provides ephemerides for six preselected satellites. The
geographic location is limited to one of 72 major cities. If the
user lives further than 100 km from a selected city, the output
viewing information will probably not be accurate enough to readily
spot the satellite. However, one nice feature of this site is
that it provides links to several other predictions services.
<p>
<a href=
"http://
www2.
satellite
.eu.org/sat
/vsohp/
satpred
.html"> The Visual Satellite Observer's prediction service
</a><p>
<ul> http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satpred.html
</ul><p>
<a name
="1.5.1.4">
---- 1.5.1.4 Watch And Computer Time Settings
</a><p>
An accurate watch (with low drift and set to a time standard) is
necessary for making accurate positional and flash period
measurements. A one-second error in timing will result in a location
error of 8 km (5 miles) for a LEO satellite traveling at nearly
30,000 km/hr (18,000 mi/hr).
<p>
Time standard signals are available by short wave radio, telephone,
and the Internet. WWV in Boulder, Colorado transmits time signals on
2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, and 20 Mhz. WWVH in Hawaii transmits on 2.5, 5.0,
10 and 15 Mhz. Their radio service is for the Continental USA and
Pacific area with a delay time of 1-10 milliseconds. Reception
outside these regions will result in additional delay.
<p>
WWV can also be accessed by telephone at 1-303-499-711 and WWVH
can be accessed at 1-808-335-4363. However, be aware that some long
distant telephone services use satellite connections with the
associated transmission delays.
<p>
In Europe the following radio time services can be used for an
accurate timing reference.
<p><pre>
_Freq (KHz)_ _Station_ _Location_
75 HBG Neuchatel Observatory, Czech.
77.5 DCF77 Bundesantalt, FRG
2,500 MSF Rugby, UK
5,000 MSF Rugby, UK
10,000 MSF Rugby, UK
</pre>
<p>
The USA Naval Observatory (USNO) provides various time services
on the Internet at several URLs, e.g.:
<p><ul>
<a href="telnet://tick.usno.navy.mil:13">
* telnet://tick.usno.navy.mil:13
</a><p>
<a href="telnet://tock.usno.navy.mil:13">
* telnet://tock.usno.navy.mil:13
</a><p>
<a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/what.html">
* http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/what.html
</a>
</ul><p>
Most telephone companies provide a time service, but the accuracy
varies considerably, and caution must be exercised. In the USA, ATT
provides (for a fee) a supposedly accurate time service over land
lines (no satellite transmission delays) from the US Naval
Observatory at 1-900-410-TIME.
<p>
Note that some telephone and Internet time services do not correct
for network transmission delays. When using a tracking program in
real time to locate a satellite, the computer's internal clock must
be accurately set to a time standard before using the program, to
provide useful real-time tracking information. Some tracking software
allows the user to set the computer's internal clock from the
tracking program.
<p>
Most computers, unless they have specific hardware and software
installed, will not keep accurate time over a relatively short
period (several hours). The USNO provides links to various time
services, including links to software that will allow a computer's
internal clock to be more accurate with and without modem time
synchronization.
<p>
Further information can be found at the URL:
<a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ctime.html">
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ctime.html
</a><p>
<a name
="1.5.1.5">
---- 1.5.1.5 Stopwatch
</a><p>
A stopwatch can be used to time flash periods or to accurately
mark a satellite's position. A stopwatch accurate to within 0.1
seconds is necessary for accurate positional and flash period
measurements. A quartz watch with 0.1 seconds readout and the
ability to store and retrieve at least 50 "lap" times
is better. Having this capability is more convenient for a session
of flash measurements, because the observer doesn't have to write
down the elapsed time after each satellite pass. A "lap" stopwatch
is also needed for positional measurements if the observer wants
to take more than one measurement during a pass. Note that it is
very important to synchronize the stopwatch to an accurate time
standard, as discussed in the previous section.
<p>
One method used in accurately determining the position of an
observed satellite is to commence timing with a stopwatch when a
satellite passes between two known stars, whose position can be
determined from either a star catalog or astronomy program. Timing
should stop on the announced full minute, utilizing a radio time
signal. Subtracting the recorded duration from the announced
reference time gives the time, at which the satellite passed
between the two stars. The observer should always use Universal Time
(UT) (formally called Greenwich Mean Time - GMT) and date when an
observation is reported. Also, the location of the satellite
between the two known star positions must be interpolated.
<p>
Determination of UT with respect to the observer's location can be
found at URL:
<p> <a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">
<ul> http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html
</a>
</ul>
<p>
One method used to time flash periods associated with rotating
satellites is to count several dozen flashes and the duration
between flash 0 and flash n, then dividing the duration by n.
Note that the flash count must begin at 0, because the flash
*period* is the time duration *between* flashes. This method is
much easier than timing every single flash. The error of the
calculated flash period is also much smaller than that resulting
from timing only *one* flash period.
<p>
<a name="1.5.1.6">
---- 1.5.1.6 Tape
</a><p>
Recorder A portable battery powered tape recorder with fresh
batteries is most useful for recording observer commentary and
for later flash period data reduction. Running a WWV broadcast in
the background can provide an accurate time standard reference for
later study.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.1.7">
---- 1.5.1.7 Chair
</a><p>
It's important to be comfortable during long viewing sessions.
Since one is usually looking up, it's best to be in a reclined
position. A lightweight reclining lawn chair is portable and quite
suitable for remote observing locations. At home, an old beat-up
swivel recliner works great. The next best thing would be any type
of back supported chair.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2">
---- 1.5.2 Knowledge
</a><p>
It's not necessary to have much knowledge of astronomy to enjoy
satellite viewing, but some basic knowledge does help in knowing
where to look and how to make observation reports.
<p>
Further detailed information on basic concepts described below can
be found in "Basics of Space Flight Learners' Workbook", located
on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory web site at the URL:
<p>
<a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/">
<ul> http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/
</a></ul>
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.1">
---- 1.5.2.1 Celestial Coordinates
</a><p>
If the satellite is not very bright, it is difficult to use only
local azimuth and elevation as coordinates. In most cases, it
is more practical to use the Right Ascension (RA) and Declination
(Dec) to locate the track of the satellite in a star field. Celestial
object positions specified in this coordinate system are convenient,
because an object's RA/Dec coordinates remain the same regardless of
the viewing location on Earth.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.1.1">
---- 1.5.2.1.1 Right Ascension (RA)
</a><p>
Right ascension is the angular distance measured eastward along the
celestial equator in hours, minutes, and seconds (sometimes measured
in degrees) from a reference point called the vernal equinox. The
vernal equinox is that point on the celestial sphere, where the Sun's
path crosses the celestial equator, going from south to north, each
year on or near March 21st. The celestial location for 0 hrs Ra is
located approximately in the constellation Pisces.
<p>
A full rotation on the celestial sphere from beginning to end at the
equator is, of course, 360 degrees. This full rotation is also
normally measured as an angular distance of 24 hours. Therefore, one
hour in RA corresponds to 15 degrees eastward rotation
(360 degrees/24 hours)
<p>
For example, a RA of 02:30:30 (2 hours, 30 minutes, 30 seconds)
corresponds to an angle of rotation of 30 degrees (for 2 hours),
plus 7.5 degrees (for 30 minutes), plus 0.125 degrees (for 30
seconds), giving a total angle of 37.625 degrees eastward from
the vernal equinox along the celestial equator.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.1.2">
---- 1.5.2.1.2 Declination (Dec)
</a><p>
Declination, which is measured in degrees positive or negative,
corresponds to the global coordinate of latitude on the Earth. It
is a measure of how far north or south the object is located from
the celestial equator. Thus a declination of -10 degrees would mean
that the object is located 10 degrees south of the celestial equator.
Similarly, a declination of +10 degrees would mean that the object
is located 10 degrees north of the celestial equator.
<p>
Most satellite tracking and prediction programs provide the celestial
coordinates of a satellite in RA and Dec. This is very handy, as
celestial coordinates are the same, regardless of where on the Earth's
surface the observer is located.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.2">
---- 1.5.2.2 Local Coordinates
</a><p>
Most tracking programs will also provide the local coordinates of
a satellite for a particular viewing location in terms of azimuth
and elevation (altitude) angles. Of course, the observer's local
latitude and longitude coordinates must be known fairly accurately,
in order for the program to generate accurate local coordinates. An
observer can refer to a detailed geographical map to obtain a close
approximation. A detailed geodetic map should provide adequate
latitude and longitude information.
<p>
In the USA, such maps are produced by the United States Geological
Survey (USGS) and are generally available for purchase from
specialty map stores.
<p>
Also in the USA, one can use online services to determine latitude
and longitude. Two such services, which both use place name keywords
to perform a search, are at the URLs:
<p>
<a href="http://tiger.census.gov">
http://tiger.census.gov
</a><p>
Outside the US one can use a map locator service at URL:
<p>
<a href="http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/nfwebglis/">
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/nfwebglis/
</a><p>
Another resource is to use a Global Position System (GPS) at the
observer's site to obtain the geographical coordinates. These
systems have come down in price dramatically over the last few
years and are particularly helpful when using a remote site.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.2.1">
---- 1.5.2.2.1 Azimuth (Az)
</a><p>
Azimuth is measured in degrees, corresponding to the points on
a compass heading on the local horizon. To accurately locate an
object, the observer must become familiar with the location directions
on the horizon in terms of compass heading, where both 0 and 360
degrees correspond to true North; 90 degrees corresponds to true
East; 180 degrees corresponds to true South; and 270 degrees
corresponds to true West.
<p>
Azimuth angles are "true" (i.e., geographic) headings, not magnetic
headings. For observers in the northern hemisphere, the star Polaris
is currently less than 1 degree misaligned from true North and is
therefore a useful guide for locating the four cardinal points of the
compass heading on the local horizon. Using a magnetic compass and
compensating for local magnetic deviation (the difference between
True North and Magnetic North) can also be used to locate the true
heading. The magnetic deviation for a given location can be found
at URL:
<p>
<a href="http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/e_cgrf.html">
http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/e_cgrf.html
</a><p>
<a name
="1.5.2.2.2">
---- 1.5.2.2.2 Elevation (Alt)
</a><p>
Elevation (or Altitude or Alt) is measured in degrees above the
local horizon. An elevation of 30 degrees would mean that the object
is located 30 degrees above the local horizon. (Note, 10 degrees can
be approximated by the width of one's fist held at arm's length, so
an object at 30 degrees elevation would appear to be approximately
three fist widths above the horizon.) An object having an elevation
of 0 degrees would be directly on the observer's local horizon. An
object having an elevation of 90 degrees would be on the observer's
zenith (directly overhead).
<p>
It takes continual practice to accurately estimate or locate an
object's local coordinates.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.3">
---- 1.5.2.3 Brightness Of Stars
</a><p>
In astronomy, the brightness of any star is measured using the
magnitude scale. This method was devised originally by the ancient
Greeks, who classified the stars that were visible to the unaided
eye as being first magnitude (brightest) to sixth magnitude (dimmest).
This rough method was altered in the 19th century, so that magnitude
+1 stars were defined as being exactly 100 times brighter than
magnitude +6 stars. Thus, the magnitude could be expressed as varying
logarithmically (exponentially) with the star's brightness. With the
advent of accurate modern photometry, the scale was extended in both
directions.
<p>
At one extreme, the bright Sun is magnitude -27. At the other extreme,
some of the faintest observed stars are about magnitude +24. The full
moon is magnitude -12.5. Sirius, the brightest star in the nighttime
sky, is magnitude -1.5, while the faintest stars visible to the naked
eye under good conditions are about magnitude +6.
<p>
It is very useful to know some stellar magnitudes in order to estimate
the brightness of a satellite during a pass. The advantage of this
method is, of course, that the stars are readily available for
comparison with a satellite. Knowledge of stellar magnitudes also
helps in judging the current viewing conditions. It is useless to look
for a magnitude +5 satellite, if atmospheric conditions limit
the seeing down to only magnitude +3. Some tracking programs provide
the magnitude value of stars on their display star field as an aid
to the observer.
<p>
A quick guide to atmospheric conditions and satellite brightness can
be gleamed from examining a suitable constellation. In the Northern
hemisphere, Ursa Minor ("Little Bear") is ideal. (Note, the "Little
Dipper" asterism is only a part of the constellation Ursa Minor or
Little Bear. An asterism is a group of easily recognized stars that
are a part of one or more constellations.) Circumpolar, and thus
usually visible to a Northern hemisphere observer, Ursa Minor contains
stars ranging in magnitude from +2 down to +6. Brighter satellites
can be gauged by comparing against some of the more brilliant stars,
such as Sirius (-1.5), Vega (0.0), Altair (+0.8), and Deneb (+1.3).
<p>
The closest equivalent to Ursa Minor in Southern hemisphere skies is
the constellation Crux (Southern Cross). Similarly circumpolar, it
contains stars ranging in magnitude from +0.8 down to +6.5.
<p>
<a name
="1.5.2.4">
---- 1.5.2.4 Tracking Considerations
</a><p>
If the satellite is not very bright, it is difficult to use only
azimuth and elevation as coordinates. In most cases, it is more
practical to use Right Ascension and Declination coordinates to draw
or locate the track of the satellite in a star field, as shown in an
atlas or astronomy program. Some graphical tracking programs show
the satellite's location in a star field. To locate and track the
satellite, choose an easy reference point along the orbit, such as
passage near a bright star, passage between two bright stars, and
so on.
<p>
The predicted track can deviate from the true one, if the input
orbital elements are not very recent. The track can also change
considerably due to the influence of the Earth's atmosphere, which in
turn depends on varying solar activity. Any orbital maneuvering of an
active satellite can also cause deviations from predicted track.
<p>
Fortunately, for most satellites, such deviations are a matter of at
most one minute in time and one degree in position. For satellites in
an orbit lower than 300 km, however, or for active maneuvering)
satellites, the track deviations can reach half an hour in time and
several degrees in position. Most rocket stages can be predicted
fairly accurately for longer than a month. But for the Space Shuttle,
which maneuvers frequently, predictions can lose accuracy very rapidly.
<p>
To locate and track a satellite, start watching the selected area of
the star field a few minutes before the satellite is predicted to pass
through that field. To anticipate deviations from the predicted track,
"sweep" or "scan" with binoculars in a direction that is perpendicular
to the predicted track. At about the predicted time, the satellite
should appear in the field of view. The satellite can be tracked from
that point, and rotational or positional measurements made.
<p>
========================================================================
This introduction was written by a subscriber of the SeeSat-L mailing
list, which is devoted to visual satellite observation. Members of
this group also maintain a World Wide Web site and a listserver
called SeeSat-L. The home page and information on subscribing to
SeeSat-L can be found at the URL:
<p>
<a href="http://www.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html">
http://www.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html
</a><p>
Or at its mirror:
<p>
<a href="http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html">
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html
</a><p>
The information on the VSOHP site is much more dynamic than that found
in this introduction. For example, the VSOHP site contains current
satellite visibility and decay predictions, as well as information
about current and upcoming Space Shuttle missions and Mir dockings.
The VSOHP site also contains many images, equations, and data/program
files that could not be included in this introduction while maintaining
its plain text form.
<p>
This Introduction was last updated in November 8, 1997. Later
revisions (satintro.zip) may be found at Mike McCants' FTP site:
<p><ul>
<a href="ftp://ftp.fc.net/pub/users/mikem/">
ftp://ftp.fc.net/pub/users/mikem/
</a></p>
</ul>
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========================================================================
##
Introduction to Visual Satellite Observing
Written by Jeff Hunt ([[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection))
comments/corrections appreciated
###
What is "Visual Satellite Observing"
=========================================================================
[1.0 What Is "Visual Satellite Observing"](#1.0)
[1.1 How Many Satellites Are In Orbit?](#1.1)
[1.1.1 Payloads](#1.1.1)
[1.1.2 Rocket Bodies](#1.1.2)
[1.1.3 Platforms](#1.1.3)
[1.1.4 Debris](#1.1.4)
[1.2 How Many Satellites Can Be Seen?](#1.2)
[[1.2.2 How Many Can Be Seen With Binoculars?](#1.2.2)
[1.2.3 How Many Can Be Seen With A Telescope?](#1.2.3)
[1.3 When Are Satellites Visible?](#1.3)
[1.3.1 Factors Affecting Satellite Visibility](#1.3.1)
[1.3.1.1 Orbit Altitude And Inclination](#1.3.1.1)
[1.3.1.2 Earth's Shadow](#1.3.1.2)
[1.3.1.3 Ground Track Precession](#1.3.1.3)
[1.3.1.4 Other Factors](#1.3.1.4)
[1.3.2 Times Of Satellite Visibility](#1.3.2)
[1.3.2.1 Evening Viewing](#1.3.2.1)
[1.3.2.2 Morning Viewing](#1.3.2.2)
[1.3.2.3 Other Times](#1.3.2.3)
[1.4 What Do Satellites Look Like?](#1.4)
[1.4.1 "Normal" Satellites](#1.4.1)
[1.4.2 "Flashing" Satellites](#1.4.2)
[1.4.3 What Do The Mir Complex And Space Shuttle Look Like?](#1.4.3)
[1.4.3.1 Mir Complex 1.4.3.2 Space Shuttle](#1.4.3.1)
[1.5 What Equipment And Knowledge Are Needed To See Satellites?](#1.5)
[1.5.1 Equipment](#1.5.1)
[1.5.1.1 Binoculars](#1.5.1.1)
[1.5.1.2 Telescope](#1.5.1.2)
[1.5.1.3 Tracking Programs And Internet Resources](#1.5.1.3)
[1.5.1.3.1 Home Computer Tracking Programs](#1.5.1.3.1)
[1.5.1.3.2 Orbital Element Sets For Tracking Programs](#1.5.1.3.2)
[1.5.1.3.2.1 TLE & Satellite Data On The Internet](#1.5.1.3.2.1)
[1.5.1.3.2.2 TLE & Satellite Data On Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)](#1.5.1.3.2.2)
[1.5.1.3.2.3 Brief Introduction To TLEs And Satellite IDs](#1.5.1.3.2.3)
[1.5.1.3.3 Satellite Prediction Services On The Internet](#1.5.1.3.3)
[1.5.1.4 Watch And Computer Time Settings](#1.5.1.4)
[1.5.1.5 Stopwatch](#1.5.1.5)
[1.5.1.6 Tape Recorder](#1.5.1.6)
[1.5.1.7 Chair](#1.5.1.7)
[1.5.2 Knowledge](#1.5.2)
[1.5.2.1 Celestial Coordinates](#1.5
.2.1)
[1.5.2.1.1 Right Ascension (RA)](#1.5
.2.1.1)
[1.5.2.1.2 Declination (Dec)](#1.5
.2.1.2)
[1.5.2.2 Local Coordinates](#1.5
.2.2)
[1.5.2.2.1 Azimuth (Az)](#1.5.
2.2.1)
[1.5.2.2.2 Elevation (Alt)](#1.5.2
.2.2)
[1.5.2.3 Brightness Of Stars](#1.5
.2.3)
[1.5.2.4 Tracking Considerations](#1.5
.2.4)
=============================================================================
----1.0 What Is "Visual Satellite Observing"?
Many readers probably have already, without knowing it, seen an
artificial satellite moving across the sky. At first glance,
there is nothing spectacular about watching "slowly moving stars",
since that is what most artificial satellites look like. Yet,
since the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, thousands of amateur
astronomers have become fascinated by these artificial objects.
The reasons are manifold, but the sometimes unpredictable behavior of
satellites and the scientific usefulness of observations certainly
play an important role in this fascination. Most certainly, viewing
objects such as Mir and the Shuttle crossing the sky as points of
light, makes one marvel that there are living beings aboard them.
Anyone who has ever spent some time star gazing shortly after sunset
has probably noticed one or two of these "stars" gracefully sailing
across the sky. These are orbiting satellites of various types and
ages, visible due to the reflection of sunlight off their surfaces
towards the observer. The tasks of satellites cover fields such as
communications, astronomy, military applications, remote sensing,
meteorology, geology, geography, climatology, and so on. Furthermore,
the orbits they trace can indicate the condition of the upper
atmosphere, the structure of the Earth, and the nature of the solar
cycle.
The amateur observer can contribute to this field, despite the
regular generation of satellite data on the Internet by the OIG
(Orbital Information Group) at the NASA (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration) Goddard Space Flight Center. Observations
of various satellites can provide insight into the rarefied upper
atmosphere and subtleties of the Earth's gravitational field.
Amateurs can also help supplement measurements of tumbling
satellites, leading to a better understanding of the near-Earth
environment.
Visual satellite observing is an interest in locating, viewing,
analyzing and identifying those points of light that move across
the sky. Other skywatchers may see them occasionally during their
observations of the dark sky, but more than likely, they do not
have a good understanding of their origins, identities, and
functions.
The tools used in this interest have changed dramatically over the
past 10 years or more. The advent of the personal computer, the
rapid growth of the Internet, and free or low cost tracking programs
have made it relatively easy for the casual observer to obtain the
information needed to both track and identify these moving points of
light.
The tools available to the casual observer of 20 or 30 years ago
were occasional newspaper articles, which described when a sighting
might be made or when a satellite launch was scheduled and the
planned inclination of its orbit.
The more ardent observers who were 'members' of the various
professional observing programs such as Moonwatch and the English
efforts under King-Hele and Pierre Neirinck, sent out predictions
every week or so to fellow members via air mail.
It took a deeper understanding of orbital mathematics then to
observe a satellite one night and subsequently estimate when it
might be visible again. As late as 1990, orbital elements issued
by OIG, were very limited in size and were only mailed out to
subscribed individuals via the postal services. Now, government
agencies provide orbital information for non-classified satellites,
and private individuals provide the orbital information for some
of the classified satellites via the Internet or Bulletin Board
Systems (BBS). Observers can crank the timely information into
sophisticated tracking programs on their home computers to predict
when and where satellites may be sighted.
The relative ease, with which satellites can be tracked now, does
not diminish the excitement of observing them. Numerous satellites
are launched every year, and many are visible to ground observers.
Some are very bright, some have unusual or otherwise interesting
visual characteristics, and finding some of them pose a challenge
to even long-time observers, either because they are very dim or
because their orbits are not well known. Government and private
news sources on the Internet announce information about most upcoming
launches and describe the various mission programs in detail, which
enhances the excitement.
The long-time presence of the bright Mir complex, visible to
observers from about 85% of the Earth's surface, and the frequent
presence of the highly visible Space Shuttle, make satellite viewing
possible for the most casual interested observer. The Russians will
place the first element of the International Space Station called
the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) in an orbit similar to Mir's
in mid-1998. Then a month or two later, the Shuttle will attach
Node 1 to the FGB, which will allow additional modules to be attached
over following years. Once this construction has begun, the
International Space Station will be another very bright satellite
that is easily visible to casual observers.
Visual treats abound for the observer with periodic launches of
especially interesting visual satellites that may have tethers,
highly reflective surfaces, or unusual flashing behavior. There
are also elusive dim satellites, sometimes in highly eccentric
(non-circular) orbits, which challenge an observer's ability to
locate and track.
Much of the original excitement of this hobby remains in the
location and identification of classified satellites. Since they
are classified, orbital elements for these satellites are not
readily available to the public. However, private individual
observers make positional measurements and create estimated orbital
element sets. These preliminary elements, distributed on the
Internet, allow other hobbyists to search the sky to enable
sightings. This usually leads to additional sightings and allows
for the generation of even more accurate orbital elements. In
other instances, however, a classified satellite may be observed
over a short period of time then subsequently disappear from further
observations because of maneuvers to a different and more elusive
orbit.
An interest in observing may be casual or it may be driven by a
desire to make highly accurate observations, so that others can
benefit in subsequent viewings. Whatever specific interest an
individual has, visual satellite observing can be interesting and
enjoyable with as little investment as a computer connected to
the Internet or to a Bulletin Board System (BBS), a good viewing
location, and maybe a relatively inexpensive pair of binoculars.
You probably already have access to a computer that's connected
to the Internet or a BBS, so what are you waiting for? Getting
involved in tracking Earth satellites is easy. Tracking programs
can be ordered through the mail from a provider on the Internet
for a relatively modest cost. They can also be downloaded from
Internet sites and BBSs, either for free or for trial use. There
are tracking programs for all types of computer platforms written
by individuals who want to provide a "better, more versatile"
program for satellite observers.
To keep the observer up-to-date on the orbital status of Earth
satellites, there are satellite interest groups on the Internet,
such as the SeeSat-L mailing list and the Usenet newsgroup,
sci.space.shuttle. In addition, there is a multitude of
satellite-related World Wide Web sites on the Internet that
provide information regarding satellites. Most of these sites
have links to other related sites.
There are even satellite prediction services on the Internet so
novice observers don't even need a tracking program. However,
having one's own tracking program may be preferable as it allows
the information to be displayed in a format that the individual
finds more suitable. Also, with a tracking program, the observer
can pick and choose which satellites are to be tracked, rather
than being restricted to those provided by prediction services.
Personal tracking programs are easily updated periodically by
downloading up-to-date orbital elements from an Internet site or
Bulletin Board System for the many satellites that orbit the Earth.
Note: Measurements used in the following sections are metric.
For the metric impaired (those in the US :-), use the following
approximate conversions to obtain the English equivalent
measurements:
Meter to feet: m x 3.3 = feet
Centimeter to inches: cm x 0.4 = inches
Kilometer to miles: km x 0.6 = statute miles
Kilogram to pounds: kg x 2.2 = pounds
The members of SeeSat-L hope that this introduction will make
it easier for any reader to locate and use information provided
on the Internet and BBSs to track and view Earth satellites,
as well as serve as a resource for acquiring knowledge and
sharpening the skills needed by those who are interested in the
more demanding aspects of visual satellite observation.
Clear skies to all.
---- 1.1 How Many Satellites Are In Orbit?
As of the beginning of 1997, there have been over 3750 successful
satellite launches since 1957. There is expected to be
approximately 80 launches in 1997, with an expected 80-100
launches a year for the next few years. Each launch not only
deliveres one or more payloads into Earth orbit, but also leaves
other objects in space besides the payload. These secondary
objects include third or fourth stages of the rocket, shrouds,
kick motors, payload platforms, and so on. In addition, some
satellites and rocket bodies have exploded, littering the near
-Earth space environment with small orbiting fragments of debris.
By late-1997, over 25,000 orbital objects had been cataloged
since 1957. Presently, 8,660 cataloged satellites remain in Earth
orbit. Over 16,000 objects have burned up in the Earth's atmosphere,
landed on Earth or on another celestial body, or continued into
the solar system and beyond. There is still an unknown number of
very small debris fragments in orbit, which are too small to be
discovered by radar and optical means and so remain un-cataloged.
Orbiting objects are regularly tracked by means of sensitive radar
and optical equipment and then cataloged. Both the USA and Russia
have this capability. In the USA, the United States Space Command
(USSPACECOM) assigns a sequential Satellite Catalog Number and adds
the International Designation (ID) to the payload, as assigned by
the World Warning Agency for Satellites (WWAS). Subsequent non-payload
objects (e.g., platform, booster) from the same launch will receive
the same International Designation from USSPACECOM, using the next
higher letter in the English alphabet. In the US, the Orbital
Information Group (OIG) located at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,
Maryland, distributes the non-classified satellite information from
USSPACECOM to the end user.
---- 1.1.1 Payloads
A payload provides the scientific or intelligence gathering
information desired by the launching country or customer, either
directly from radio communications or indirectly by observations
made from Earth. By end of 1996, there were close to 2,300
payloads in orbit. About one quarter of these payloads are still
active.
For identification purposes, payloads are normally assigned the
first letter (and the next higher letter in case of multi-payloads)
of the English alphabet in the International Designation (ID), e.g.,
96-034 A. In this example, 96 refers to the launch year 1996,
034 is the sequential number assigned that year to an orbiting
body, and the letter "A" indicates that the object is a payload.
---- 1.1.2 Rocket Bodies
Satellite rocket launchers have multistage boosters to place the
platform/payload into orbit. The final stage booster(s) go into
orbit with the payload. They are normally larger than the payload
and usually are more easily visible to the observer than the
payload. A rocket body's orbit normally decays faster and reenters
the Earth's atmosphere before the platform or payload. In most
cases, a booster rocket will have an elliptical orbit, bringing
it very close to the upper atmosphere where significant drag will
be encountered at its low point in orbit (perigee).
Another factor is the mass/area ratio of the object. If the ratio
is low, then drag will have a greater influence on causing the
orbit to decay faster.
Rocket bodies are assigned the next higher sequential English letter
designation in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 B.
The Orbital Information Group (OIG) uses the acronym R/B for rocket
body in their Two Line Element designations. Approximately 15% of of
the total +8600 cataloged objects are rocket bodies.
---- 1.1.3 Platforms
A platform may be used to support a payload while it is being
placed in orbit. A platform may remain in orbit long after its
purpose is served, usually longer than the rocket bodies. The
platform (if used) is normally the first object identified after
the rocket body designation with the next sequential English letter
designation in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 C.
OIG uses the acronym PLAT for platform in their Two Line Element
designations. This identifier has only been occasionally used by OIG.
---- 1.1.4 Debris
Debris presents hazards to present and future payloads due to
the devastating amount of kinetic energy that can be released if
debris collides with a payload. It is a scourge to present and
future payloads because of the large numbers involved and the
inability of the launcher countries to detect small debris. Debris
in orbit occurs when parts (covers, fasteners, explosive bolts,
thermal covers, etc.) are separated from the payload, when rocket
body(s), or payloads disintegrate or explode (major contributor),
or when objects are placed into free space from manned orbiting
spacecraft during operations.
Above an altitude of 500 km (310 miles), knowledge of man made
orbital debris 10-30 cm (4-12 inches) in diameter is incomplete.
For debris smaller than 10 cm in diameter, knowledge of man made
orbital debris is virtually nonexistent. Unfortunately, it is the
altitude regime above 500 km that is the biggest long-term problem.
Below this altitude, the debris population is purged fairly quickly
by natural decay (atmospheric reentry). Above 500 km altitude,
decay can take hundreds or thousands of years.
In an article on space debris in the August 1996 issue of Popular
Mechanics, it was estimated that there could be 35 \*million\*
pieces of debris in orbit around the Earth. The debris that is
cataloged represents only a tiny fraction of the estimated total.
Debris larger than 1 cm in diameter presents a catastrophic hazard
to orbiting payloads. In addition, there is no known shielding
material availiable for debris of this type for present operational
satellites and for future satellites such as the International
Space Station.
Only 6% of the cataloged orbit population are operational
spacecraft, while 50% can be attributed to decommissioned satellites,
spent upper stages, and mission related objects (launch adapters,
lens covers, etc.). The remainding 44% has originated from 129
on-orbit fragmentations which have been recorded since 1961. In
these events, all but 1 or 2 of the explosions of spacecraft and
upper stages, are assumed to have generated a population of 70,000
to 120,000 objects larger than 1 cm. Only near sizes of 0.1 mm
from the sporadic flux from meteoroids prevails over man-made debris.
Smaller size debris can also be a problem, as documented by pits
found in spacecraft windows, including the Shuttle's, and similar
damage found on one of the Hubble Space Telescope's high gain
antennae. In one instance, chemical analysis of a pit on the
shuttle's window showed that it was caused by a chip of paint.
In late July of 1996 there was the first reported collision
between two cataloged space objects. A French military micro-
satellite called Cerise (International Designation 95-033B/
Satellite Catalog Number 23606) suddenly lost stability when it
appeared that its stabilization boom was impacted. After analysis
it was concluded that the possible culprit was a piece of space
debris from an Ariane booster (86-019RF/18208). Controllers were
able to reprogram the payload and regain attitude control.
For further details on this collision go to URL:
[http://www.stk.com/cerise.html](http:
//www.
stk.com
/cerise.
html)
The USA Shuttle has released radar calibration objects called
ODERACS, as has many Russian Cosmos series satellites. In April
1996, the MSX (Midcourse Space Experiment) satellite
96-024A/23851 was launched into a 900 km orbit. One of its
missions is to detect previously undetected orbital debris in
known orbital debris fields, both in Low Earth Orbit (LEO - a
period of rotation around the Earth of less than 225 minutes)
and in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO - a period of rotation
around the Earth of 1440 minutes or 24 hours), using optical
instruments. In addition, MSX will release 2 cm diameter
reflective reference spheres that will be tracked on a routine
basis by the USA Haystack radar facility, to make precise
measurements on atmospheric drag.
The Haystack radar facility is located near Boston, Massachusetts
and can reportedly track 1 cm objects at an altitude of 1000 km.
Measurements with this radar have provided the best and most
comprehensive picture available of the small debris population.
Efforts are being made to improve upon the detection resolution of
orbital debris. Serious efforts still need to be undertaken to
minimize the hazard of orbital debris.
Debris objects have the highest sequential English letter
assignments in the International Designation (ID), e.g., 96-034 D,
96-034 E, 96-034 F. Above 26 fragments, the scheme goes into double
or triple characters, e.g., AA, AB, AC,...AAA, AAB, and so on.
OIG uses the acronym DEB for debris in their Two Line Element
designations. Debris objects represent 58% of the total cataloged
objects.
Further detailed information on MSX can be found at the URL:
[http://msx.nrl.navy.mil](http://
msx.nrl
.navy
.mil)
Further information on orbital debris can be found at the URL:
[http://www-sn.jsc.nasa.gov/debris/toc.html](http://
www-sn
.jsc.nasa
.gov/debris
/toc.html)
---- 1.2 How Many Satellites Can Be Seen?
---- 1.2.1 How Many Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye?
Depending upon the observer's location on Earth, there are
normally hundreds of satellites above the local horizon at any
one time. However, only several dozen satellites in total can be
easily seen with the naked eye. Thus, at any one time, when the
late evening or early morning conditions allow satellites to be
seen from reflected sunlight under dark sky conditions, there
may be one or two easily visible satellites above the observer's
horizon during a 30 minute time period.
The large Russian manned laboratory Mir can become as bright as
a steady magnitude -2 (much brighter than the brightest star).
The USA Space Shuttle can become as bright as a steady magnitude -4
(about as bright as Venus, and brighter than Mir).
A list/elset of "100 (or so) Brightest Satellites" can be found at
the URL:
[http://www.grove.net/~tkelso](http://
www.grove
.net/
~tkelso)
The term "magnitude" refers to an object's brightness. It is a
logarithmic (exponential) measurement of brightness. Extremely
dim objects have large positive values, while extremely
bright objects have large negative values. Objects can be
observed with the naked eye in a dark sky down to magnitude +6.
Thus, satellites visible to the naked eye can range in brightness
magnitude values of from +6 to -2 and can sometimes become even
brighter temporarily. The brightness of a satellite is a function
of its size, surface reflectivity, how well and from what angle
the Sun's light is illuminating the satellite, the satellite's
height above the horizon, and the corresponding effects of
atmospheric interference.
Another factor in observing a satellite is that it has to be
above the observer's local horizon. The Shuttle's orbit is
normally confined to between 30 degrees north/south latitude,
but it can be visible as far as 60 degrees latitude when it's
placed into a 57 degree inclination orbit with respect to the
equator. Thus, an observer's location on Earth plays a large
role in determining what satellites can be seen.
---- 1.2.2 How Many Can Be Seen With Binoculars?
Using binoculars, at least several hundred satellites have the
potential to be seen. On average, a dozen or so satellites are
visible at any given time to an observer using binoculars.
These dimmer satellites are mainly smaller rocket stages, and
active and dead payloads. Experienced observers have also reported
seeing some of the debris near Mir using binoculars. Using 7X50mm
(seven power magnification by fifty millimeter aperture) binoculars
can allow one to see satellites under ideal viewing conditions
as dim as about magnitude +8 or 9. Higher power and larger aperture
instruments will allow one to spot even dimmer objects.
---- 1.2.3 How Many Can Be Seen With A Telescope?
By using a telescope and knowing exactly where to look through
the use of prediction programs, thousands of additional satellites
have the potential to be observed briefly in a stationary
telescope with a relatively small field of view (2-3 degrees).
A special tracking program interface for a computer-driven
telescope would be needed to actually follow satellites in Low
Earth Orbit (LEO). These tracking systems, along with image
intensifiers, are needed to observe structural details of large
and low orbiting satellites. A telescope can also allow the
observer to see some of the larger pieces of debris, as well
as some of the more distant satellites, such as the geostationary
platforms, which are located 36,000 km above the Earth's surface.
There are several amateurs who modify telescopes for tracking
and who are imaging structural details of satellites such as
the Russian space station Mir and the Space Shuttle.
Alain Grycan and Eric Laffont in France have obtained some
spectacular amateur-made images of Mir. In these images, the
different Mir modules are clearly visible. Also clearly
discernible is the Sofora mast structure and the Progress motor
compartment.
Another image of Mir, taken in April 1991 with a 2.3 m (90 inch)
telescope, was produced by Dave Harvey at the Steward Observatory
in Arizona, using the Comsoft commercial satellite tracking package
on several reflector telescopes.
Marek Kozubal and Ron Dantowitz at the Boston Museum of Science
Observatory are experimenting with a 30 centimeter (12 inch)
reflector using the ArchImage mount to obtain images of satellites.
Recently they reported observing the docked Mir/Atlantis pair,
noting details such as the solar panels, and the shuttle tail and
nose.
Other images have been made by a ground based telescope at the USA
Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS). The outline of the Shuttle is
clearly visible, and there is a hint of detail. Images from
frames in a video sequence were taken using a CCD (charge-coupled
device) camera and a 1.2 m (48 inch) telescope at the USA Air Force
Phillips Lab Malabar Test Facility over Florida during the STS-37
Shuttle mission.
Most of the images mentioned above can be found at the URL:
[http://www.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/telescope.html](http:
//www.
satellite
.eu.org
/sat/vsohp
/telescope
.html)
or its mirror:
[http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/telescope.html](http:
//www2
.satellite
.eu.org
/sat/vsohp
/telescope
.html)
Possibly the most spectacular telescopic observations of any
satellite were those rumored to have been made of the Space
Shuttle Columbia during the STS-1 mission, by an orbiting
Keyhole reconnaissance satellite. Supposedly to allay fears
concerning detached thermal protection tiles on the underside
of the Shuttle (crucial to determine whether the vehicle would
survive the heat of reentry), the orbiting Keyhole satellite was
used to examine the belly of Columbia after tiles were noticed
to be missing from the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods
at the rear of the craft. Subsequent analysis of the orbits of the
shuttle and the known Keyhole (optical recon) satellites in orbit
at the time of the mission indicate that only one possible photo
opportunity arose. The two craft were several tens of kilometers
apart at the time and traveling in different directions. Thus, any
image would have more than likely suffered significantly from motion
blur. It is debatable as to whether use of suitable image restoration
techniques could reclaim sufficient resolution, in order to identify
individual tiles or groups of tiles. In any event, one is unlikely
to see such pictures, if they exist, for many years yet, if at all.
---- 1.3 When Are Satellites Visible?
Whether or not a satellite is visible to a given observer is
dependent upon many factors such as observer location, time of
day, satellite altitude, and sky condition. Knowing these details
may aid an observer in determining the most favorable times for
sightings and is most certainly necessary, in order to spot some
of the more elusive targets that speed across the heavens.
---- 1.3.1 Factors Affecting Satellite Visibility
---- 1.3.1.1 Orbit Altitude And Inclination
The visibility of a satellite depends on its orbit, and the
simplest orbit to consider is circular. A circular orbit can be
characterized by stating the orbital altitude (height of
the spacecraft above the Earth's surface) and the orbital
inclination (the angle of the satellite's orbital plane to the
Earth's equatorial plane). For simplicity, it is the values of
these parameters that dictate whether an orbiting satellite can
be seen by a particular observer.
Most orbits are elliptical, rather than perfectly circular. In an
elliptical orbit, the satellite's height (above Earth) varies
smoothly between the apogee (farthest point on the orbit from the
Earth), and the perigee (closest point on the orbit to the Earth).
The orbital inclination dictates over which areas of the Earth
the satellite will "fly". In an orbit of 25 degrees inclination,
the ground track (the point on the Earth's surface directly below
the satellite, which is traced out during its orbit) will never
exceed 25 degrees North or 25 degrees South in latitude. This
satellite would never be visible from Northern Europe, for example,
unless its orbital altitude were some 1500 km or so (and thus would
then appear considerably dimmer, than if it were in low Earth orbit
or at a higher elevation in the local sky).
Orbital inclination is the measure of the angle between the Earth's
equator and the orbit in question. It is measured counter-clockwise
from East (0 degrees) to West (180 degrees). Based on inclination,
we can place orbits in some general categories:
\* Prograde/Retrograde Orbits
Orbits greater than 90 degrees are "retrograde" (they move in a
westerly direction), while orbits less than 90 degrees are "prograde"
or "direct" (they move in a easterly direction).
\* Equatorial Orbits
Equatorial orbits are of low inclination (within a few degrees of
the Earth's equator), where the majority of satellites will travel
from west to east in the sky if launched in an easterly direction
(prograde) or from east to west if launched in a westerly direction
(retograde). Satellites launched in an easterly direction (prograde)
can take advantage of the Earth's eastward rotation to assist the
launch. This bonus can be used to either reduce the fuel requirement,
or increase the payload capacity of the launch vehicle, or both.
\* Geostationary/geosynchronous Orbits
These orbits are special cases of equatorial orbits. Here the
orbital altitude is such (around 36,000 km) that it takes the
satellite one day to orbit the Earth, and it thus "hovers" over
the same point on Earth. Such orbits are suitable for communications
or meteorological observation. Satellites in such orbits are, however,
only observable with telescopes and binoculars, because they are so
far away.
\* Polar Orbit
A high inclination orbit (within 10 degrees of 90 degrees will take
a satellite over the polar regions so that it covers the whole
Earth's surface, as the Earth rotates below it.
\* Low-inclination Orbit
This is an orbit defined as having an inclination of less than
45 degrees or greater than 135 degrees.
\* High-inclination Orbit
Orbital inclinations between 45 and 135 degrees are considered
high-inclination orbits.
Thus far, we can see that for a satellite to be easily visible
to an observer it should be in low Earth orbit at an inclination
that is almost equal to or greater than the observer's latitude.
---- 1.3.1.2 Earth's Shadow
The Earth's shadow must also be considered. When eclipsed, a
satellite is naturally not visible. Such events are dependent upon
the satellite's altitude, inclination, the time of year, and the
observer's location. The Earth's shadow is, for example, "longer"
or "higher" in the local sky for an observer at the equator than
it is for, say, an observer in the northern polar region during
June. The shadow at the same latitude in the southern hemisphere
during the same time period is even higher. Thus the fraction of the
night available for observing low Earth orbiting satellites is
shorter in Ecuador than it is in Sweden (and even shorter in
Australia) at that same time of year. In fact, Arctic observers may
seldom see satellites disappear into Earth's shadow during their
Summer as long as the sky is dark enough to observe.
---- 1.3.1.3 Ground Track
Precession Of course it is not simply a question of watching for
a given satellite at the same time each night. Few satellites have an
orbital period which is a simple fraction of one day, the
geostationary satellites being the obvious exception. The orbital
period is dictated by the satellite's altitude. The higher the
altitude, the further it has to travel around the Earth and the
longer it thus takes. Satellites in low Earth orbit (say 300 km)
complete one orbit in around 90 minutes, whereas at geostationary
altitudes (about 36,000 km) one orbit takes 24 hours. This is simple
orbital mechanics.
Thus, the satellite arrives later (or earlier) on successive nights.
With each delay/advance in arrival time, the Earth will have rotated
a little farther (or less) with respect to the satellite's orbit. The
consequence of this is that each night the satellite will appear in a
different portion of the sky during each pass, and the number of
visible passes will vary. This shifting is called ground track
precession. This ground track precession is also due to the
non-spherical shape of the Earth, which can cause the orbital plane
to be shifted by a few degrees.
In the longer term (days to weeks) the passes will drift from
evening to daylight hours, then into the morning before returning
to the evening once more. Imagine trying to live a 22 hour day. As
the days passed, one would gradually wake earlier and earlier until
one was having breakfast when others were off to bed. With more time,
one's waking hours would re-synchronize with everyone else's, before
beginning this cycle once more. Thus, windows of satellite visibility
are created.
Consider the Russian space station Mir. It will be visible for a
week or so in the evening sky, and the best passes (those of highest
local elevation above the horizon) will occur earlier each day.
Eventually it is lost in daylight for the next two weeks or so
before emerging in the pre-dawn sky. After a series of early morning
passes for a week or so, visible passes are again lost, due to Mir
being eclipsed by the Earth's shadow at around midnight, before
reappearing in the evening sky. Mir repeats this visibility cycle
about every four weeks.
Many satellites in low Earth orbit go through a similar cycle of
visibility. The cycle varies with orbital inclination, altitude,
and observer location. In the case of the Shuttle, due to the short
term nature of the missions (typically 7-10 days) an entire mission
can occur entirely outside of one of these windows of visibility.
---- 1.3.1.4 Other Factors
The simple idea of circular/elliptical orbits presented here belies
the complications, which arise from the fact that the satellite
suffers greater air resistance the lower its orbit. This bleeds off
the orbital energy, lowering the orbit yet further as the satellite
begins to brush the upper atmosphere at perigee. The forces on the
satellite due to the Earth (and Moon, Sun, etc.) vary throughout
its orbit (the Earth is not a nice spherical shape!) giving rise to
continual change in the orbit.
Fortunately, advanced orbital models using SGP4 and SDP4 codes
take into account terrestrial, lunar and solar effects. These
models are the basis for many software packages for satellite
tracking and predicting. When used with recent and accurate orbital
data, these programs yield very accurate predictions, which are a
great aid to observers.
---- 1.3.2 Times Of Satellite Visibility
---- 1.3.2.1 Evening Viewing
Satellites viewed in the late evening and early night are more
easily seen in the eastern half of the sky. As is the case with
the Moon, one half of the satellite is always illuminated by the
Sun, except when it's within the Earth's shadow. The relative
position of the Sun, satellite, and observer determines whether
the satellite will be more or less illuminated as seen by the
observer. With the Sun in the west and a satellite located in the
east, the angle between Sun-satellite-observer (phase angle) will
be small. This means a greater portion of the illuminated satellite
will be facing the observer. Although "normally" satellites may be
located in the western part of the sky for a particular evening's
observations, most likely, the observer will have difficulty in
locating them as the major portion of the illuminated satellite
will not be facing the observer.
Note, that phase angle can also be measured as the angle between
the Sun-observer-satellite in which case the phase angle will
increase as the satellite appears to be more illuminated by the
Sun to the observer.
Many satellite prediction and tracking programs provide the phase
angle and/or percent illumination of the satellite to the
observer. Some programs can provide the empirical magnitude value
(a value independent of the geometry of the pass) and/or the standard
magnitude value (a value dependent upon the geometry of the pass).
---- 1.3.2.2 Morning Viewing
Similarly, satellites viewed in the early morning hours before
dawn are more easily seen in the western half of the sky. Also,
morning observations can have less light pollution as the general
public is asleep and more building and area lights may be off.
---- 1.3.2.3 Other Times
Most Low Earth Orbit satellites (LEO, having an orbital period of
less than 225 minutes) cannot be viewed for the entire overnight
period, because they eventually fly into the Earth's shadow.
Exceptions can occur at the beginning of Summer in an observer's
hemisphere, when the Sun is at its highest inclination to the
Earth. At that time, it is possible for some LEO satellites having
high inclination orbits to avoid the Earth's shadow, so that they
may be viewed several times during the "whole night". On the
other hand, an extremely high latitude observer may not be able to
view satellites during early summer, as the sky never gets dark
enough for observations.
There are two other exceptions to these visibility constraints,
though both are not exactly common methods of observation. The first
is daytime viewing. This is not recommended, but only is mentioned,
as a few individuals have reported viewing some of the brightest
satellites, such as Mir, Shuttle and Iridiums during the daytime.
It obviously helps to know exactly where to look (courtesy of one
of the many prediction programs available) and to look under optimum
lighting conditions, that is to say, when the Sun-satellite-observer
angle (phase angle) is at a minimum, which occurs when either the
satellite is quite low in the west just after sunrise, or low in the
east shortly before sunset.
Binoculars are a great help with such observations, but be wary
of the Sun, as -- SEVERE EYE DAMAGE -- will occur if the Sun is
inadvertently viewed with or without binoculars! One technique,
which may be of some use, is the use of a polarizing filter to
increase the contrast between the sky and satellite. Sunlight
scattered in the atmosphere becomes polarized. Thus, some contrast
improvement may be gained by using an appropriately aligned filter.
Note that ABSOLUTELY NO protection against eye damage caused by viewing
the Sun is afforded with the use of such filters.
A second exception lies in the fiery death of an orbiting body
reentering Earth's atmosphere. A few observers make public
predictions on the decay of satellites. However, a prediction for
decay is not an exact science. Many variables will cause a decay to
occur earlier or later than predicted. However, lucky observers may
find themselves in the right place at the right time to witness a
reentry, as the satellite experiences frictional heating in the upper
atmosphere, leaving a fiery trail across the night (or even daytime)
skies.
---- 1.4 What Do Satellites Look Like?
---- 1.4.1 "Normal" Satellites
The majority of satellites (normally payloads) have a steady
(non-pulsating) illumination associated with them. A gradual
brightening and dimming may be observed, but it is associated
with the changing phase angle of illumination. As the satellite
traverses from one horizon to the other, the area illuminated by
the Sun changes its orientation with respect to the observer and
the amount of area illuminated (depending upon the geometry of the
satellite) changes causing a change in brightness.
These satellites have a stable orientation in orbit. They may not
be rotating at all, because they have an attitude control system of
some type or they have become gravity gradient stabilized or because
their rotational energy has been dissipated by eddy current torques.
They may be spin stabilized and have evenly reflective surfaces, so
that their observed brightness is relatively stable.
Most satellites appear white, others may be off-white. A few appear
yellow, or even a somewhat reddish hue. These color differences can
normally be attributed to the satellite's surface color and
finish and can be very subtle. A reconnaissance satellite called
Lacrosse 2 has a reddish hue associated with it because of the
red-colored kapton insulation used on the surface of this large LEO
satellite. In addition, a brief color change can occur as the
satellite enters or leaves the Earth's shadow.
---- 1.4.2 "Flashing" Satellites
Flashing (pulsating) satellites provide additional interest to
observers. The flashing is caused by the satellite body rotating
and different parts of the satellite reflecting different intensities
of brightness back to the observer. A satellite may rotate around
more than one of its three axes, producing spectacular and irregular
flashing. There can be several different observable types of light
intensity pulsations associated with one satellite.
The flashing characteristics can change over time as the satellite's
rotation about one or more rotation axes changes. The changes can be
the result of venting gasses, interaction with the upper atmosphere,
and interaction with the Earth's magnetic field.
---- 1.4.3 What Do The Mir Complex And Space Shuttle Look Like?
The Russian space station Mir and the USA Space Shuttle (during a
mission) are the two brightest satellites visible to the naked eye.
They are very easy to spot by virtually anyone, regardless of
equipment or experience.
---- 1.4.3.1 Mir Complex
The Mir Complex has been in orbit since early 1986, in a relatively
highly inclined orbit of nearly 52 degrees, with an average altitude
of approximately 390 km. This means that anyone between latitudes
61 North and 61 South can view this object quite easily with the
naked eye. Over the years, the complex has grown in size from the
initial Mir module to a combination of five additional laboratory
modules, plus the Soyuz transport and Progress cargo vehicles. This
combination makes the orbiting module complex approximately 32
meters long by 30 meters wide by 27 meters high. Factor in the solar
arrays, and the result is a relatively bright object that can be
viewed with the naked eye.
Mir's color is a slightly off-white or yellow. It appears as a
steady illuminated object, though occasionally bright glints
can be viewed, probably from the various solar arrays as the
sunlight reflects off of them.
Depending on an observer's location on Earth, it is possible to
periodically view the rendezvous of the Mir complex with supporting
transport and cargo vehicles (Soyuz and Progress). Also, regular
extravehicular activities (EVAs) are planned, to move and adjust
experiments, solar panels, portable cranes and other equipment.
Material discarded from these EVAs can sometimes be viewed (with
the aid of binoculars or telescope) in the immediate area of the
Mir complex.
Much less frequently, the Space Shuttle rendezvous with the Mir
complex may be viewed by some observers. Normally all rendezvous
dockings of the Mir complex take place over Western Russia and
Eastern China, in order to facilitate communications between Mir
and the Russian ground control center via Russian communication
satellites and ground stations.
---- 1.4.3.2 Space Shuttle
The USA Space Shuttle is also easily visible to the naked eye.
The 37 meter long by 24 meter wide vehicle is sometimes observed
to be brighter than the Mir complex. This can be attributed
to the bright white upper surface wing area and the extension of
the highly reflective Shuttle cooling radiators inside the opened
cargo bay doors. Additionally, the Shuttle normally flies at a lower
altitude of approximately 300 km, compared to Mir's altitude of
390 km.
The Shuttle maintains various attitudes during its missions for
experimental purposes and for cooling considerations. The attitude
of the Shuttle, as well as its location over the Earth during a
mission, can be found in real time on the NASA web page for the
Shuttle at the URL:
[http://shuttle.nasa.gov/](http://
shuttle
.nasa
.gov)
Unique to the Shuttle is the periodic observance of water dumps.
The water turns to ice crystals and until it subliminates to a
vapor, can be visible as a hazy cloud around the immediate area
of the Shuttle vehicle. Sub-satellites are sometimes launched
from a Shuttle during a mission. These sub-satellites either trail or
lead the Shuttle by 100 km or so while deployed, so as to not be
influenced by contamination originating from the Shuttle. Most
sub-satellites are recovered by the Shuttle before the end of the
mission. Normally these objects, while deployed, can be viewed with
the use of binoculars (or even naked eye) and can be seen keeping
formation with the Shuttle.
---- 1.5 What Equipment And Knowledge Are Needed To See Satellites?
---- 1.5.1 Equipment
The only equipment that is absolutely necessary are eyes and a
set of predictions indicating when and where to look to see
naked-eye satellites.
---- 1.5.1.1 Binoculars
Naturally, use of binoculars or a telescope improves the viewing
over the unaided eye. Much fainter objects can be seen, but at the
expense of a smaller field of view. Binocular larger than 8x become
heavy and could require a mounting system in order to provide a
stable view. As the aperture of the instrument increases, fainter
satellites can be seen. As a rough guide, a decent 50 mm pair of
binoculars (e.g., 7x50, which magnifies sevenfold and which has an
objective diameter of 50 millimeters) will extend visibility from
the naked eye limit of about magnitude +6 to about magnitude +8 or
+9, in dark skies with stable atmospheric conditions. The purchase
and use of a relatively inexpensive pair of astronomical binoculars
greatly increases the observability of satellites. For new purchases,
an objective diameter of at least 50 mm with fully coated optics is
highly recommended.
---- 1.5.1.2 Telescope
With a 20 centimeter (6-8 inch) reflector telescope, satellites as
faint as magnitude +14 can be viewed. With experience, a small
telescope can be manually slewed to track a satellite during the pass.
However, tracking a satellite with a large telescope requires a
computer motor driven mount and use of accurate satellite coordinates
during the pass. Even when using valid, up-to-date USSPACECOM elements,
the tracking error can amount to up to one degree. This is even
without considering the maneuvering that the likes of the Shuttle
and Mir will perform regularly.
---- 1.5.1.3 Tracking Programs And Internet Resources
---- 1.5.1.3.1 Home Computer Tracking Programs
Tracking software is widely available for amateur satellite
observers on the Internet or on BBSs, either commercially or as
Shareware or Freeware. Most of these programs use Earth-centered
orbital Keplerian Two Line Elements (TLEs). The TLE is a standard
mathematical model to describe a satellite's orbit. TLEs are
just one type of format for orbital elements. Another type is known
as the AMSAT format and is mainly used for software that predicts
amateur radio satellites.
Two Line Elements (TLEs) are processed by a computer tracking
software program, yielding predictions for viewing time and position.
The program determines the location of selected satellites above the
horizon from a chosen observing location.
The satellite's celestial Right Ascension (RA) and Declination (Dec)
coordinates and/or local coordinates of the satellite in terms of
elevation (angle above the local horizon) and azimuth (true compass
heading) during the pass are provided by the program at a frequency
determined by the observer. Most of the tracking programs display
these predicted coordinates and related information both graphically
and in text format.
Tracking program resources are at many URLs, including:
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/tletools.html>
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/orbsoft.html>
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/otherinfo.html>
<http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/software/satellite/sat-trak.htm>
<http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/>
<http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftpsoft.html>
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/programs/>
[ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/programs](ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/programs/)
<ftp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/pub/software/>
---- 1.5.1.3.2 Orbital Element Sets
For Tracking Programs Naturally, tracking programs need accurate
and recent data in order to generate accurate predictions. This
data comes in the form of Keplerian or Two-Line Elements (TLEs).
Groups of TLEs are also sometimes called "elsets".
---- 1.5.1.3.2.1 TLE & Satellite Data On The Internet
The Orbital Information Group (OIG) is the primary public distributor
of satellite orbital data on the Internet. OIG receives its
information from the USSPACECOM (United States Space Command). OIG
disseminates non-classifed information to other agencies and to the
public on the Internet. OIG also disseminates classified information
to certain government agencies on a "need to know" basis. The Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) disseminates the information to the
public via their anonymous FTP site.
In addition, there are private individuals and organizations not
affiliated with government agencies that generate data on the
Internet regarding Earth orbiting satellites.
Positional measurements of some classified satellites are
made from observations by private individuals around the world.
More accurate orbital data derived from subsequent observations is
again generated by private individuals and is disseminated on the
Internet. Three such resources having Two-Line Elements (TLEs)
generated by private individuals are:
\* SeeSat-L (Listserver) Subscribe via e-mail to
[email protected]
(in the subject line type "subscribe" without quotes)
\* SeeSat-L Archives
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/seesat/index.html>
\* Ted Molczan TLE files
<ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements/molczan>
<ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/molc/>
Two Line Element sets (TLEs or elsets), can be found at several
Internet locations. A few of the many Internet sites containing
TLEs are:
\* OIG -
<http://oigsysop.atsc.allied.com>
<telnet://oig1.gsfc.nasa.gov> Logon: oig
Password: goddard1
\* JPL -
<ftp://kilroy.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/space/elements>
\* SPACELINK -
[ftp/http/telnet://spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov](http://spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov)
(via their Spacelink.Hot.Topics/Next.Shuttle.Mission.STS-xx/ directory
\* KSC -
<http://www.ksc.nasa.gov>
\* Other links -
<ftp://ftp.satellite.eu.org/pub/sat/mirrors/>
<http://www.grove.net/~tkelso/>
<http://www.fc.net/~mikem/>
<http://www.ozemail.com.au/~dcottle/>
\* VSOHP -
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/getkeps.html>
---- 1.5.1.3.2.2 TLE & Satellite Data On Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)
The following are just a few of the BBSs available. Note that the
telephone numbers provided are for placing calls from within the same
country as the BBS. International calling requires the use of an
International code and a Country code in addition to
the provided telephone number. International callers should consult
their telephone company's international access provider to obtain the
proper calling codes.
United States:
\* OIG can be accessed via a BBS by calling 1-301-805-3251 OR 3154;
8 bit No Parity 1 stop.
\* David Ransom, Jr. maintains the RPV BBS at 1-520-282-5559
\* The NASA SpaceLink BBS can be reached at 1-205-895-0028.
\* The Datalink RBBS System at 1-214-394-7438; 8 bit NO parity 1 stop.
Canada:
\* The Canadian Space Society BBS can be reached at 1-905-458-5907.
Belgium:
\* Alphonse Pouplier's BBS can be reached in Belgium at
32 (0) 81 460122. The BBS owner requests that users first obtain
approval by voice using the same telephone number.
Japan:
\* The Space Board BBS provides OIG TLE sets and online prediction
service with a UNIX SatTrack, in addition to astronomy and space
news. The number is +81-45-832-1177.
---- 1.5.1.3.2.3 Brief Introduction To TLEs And Satellite IDs
Keplerian or Two-Line Element Sets (TLEs) are distributed in the
form shown in the example below:
Elements
```
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
```
For clarfication, Line 1 by its self, follows.
```
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
```
The epoch date is the third element in line 1 of the TLE. The epoch
is the sequential date in a given year when the satellite crossed the
Earth's equator in an ascending (northly) direction following
observations by tracking stations.
Jim Varney, a subscriber to SeeSat-L responded to a question poised
by another subscriber as to what the epoch date referred to in the
TLE. His response (in part) was:
"Tracking stations measure the early/late error and the off-track
(plane) error compared to predictions made from their own ephemeris
software, not elsets. If the errors are acceptable, the satellite
is considered 'correlated'. If the errors are too large or the
object is completely unknown, it is considered an uncorrelated
target (UCT).
Once a UCT is found, ground stations attempt to obtain tracking
data for a minimum of
5.5 percent of one orbital period. This is their rule of thumb for
the minimum data needed to generate a good set of elements.
Correlated objects are always observed from multiple ground stations
to sample different parts of the orbit. The observed track is
far less than is done for UCT's. The mulitiple observations from
multiple stations are used to correct the previous element set using
differential corrections. These working 'elements' are state vectors
plus perturbation terms. Two-line mean elsets are made after the
state vector elements are produced.
The only exception to the use of multiple ground stations is for
objects near decay. Then they use what observations they can get.
For most objects in the catalog (provided by OIG) there is no
correlation between the 2-line elset epoch and any given ground
observation. In a sense you could say that most elsets are 'predicted'
because the elset position at epoch is never the raw observed
position. The near decay objects appear to be highly correlated to
ground observations only because one or two stations are
contributing to the analysis."
```
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
```
In the above example for Line 1, observations calculated
the satellite made an ascending (northerly) equatorial crossing
on day 198.95303667 in the year 1996. Universal Time (UT), formally
known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), is the time standard that is
used. Specifically, the equatorial crossing for the series of
observations was made on day 198 of the year 1996 at 22:52 UT
[24 (hours) x 0.95303667 = 22.87288 hours, and 60 (minutes)
x 0.87288 = 52.3728 minutes].
Most tracking programs will inform the user how old the element
is by using the epoch date element. This tells the user if an old
and possibly unreliable TLE is being used.
```
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
^^^^^
```
The first element in line 1 (00047U) and in line 2 (00047) is the
Satellite Catalog Number assigned by USSPACECOM. The official title
for this identifier is "Satellite Catalog Number". However, many
acronyms are used because of their brevity and past history of use.
These include NORAD (North American Air Defense), NSSC (NORAD Space
Surveillance Center), Cat # (Catalog Number), Object Number,
USSPACECOM (US Space Command) number, and so on. Thus the satellite
in the example TLE was 47th satellite ever cataloged by the USSPACECOM.
"Satellite Catalog Number" comes from the early days of satellite
identification done at Hanscom Field, Massachusetts, USA in the late
1950's, where they kept track of the satellites they identified, by
giving them the next ascending number in a log that began with the
number 00001 for Sputnik. When NORAD took over the responsibility for
tracking, they continued using the sequence. Now USSPACECOM continues
the assignment.
```
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
^^^^^^
```
The second element in line 1 (60007C) indicates the International
Designation (ID). This indicates a launch in 1960 and it was the 7th
successful orbital launch for that year. "C" designates the third
object catalogued for that launch. The International Designation is
also described by terms such as International ID, COSPAR (COmmittee
for SPAce Research) number, and COSPAR/WWAS (COSPAR World Warning
Agency for Satellites) number.
The World Warning Agency (WWAS) is the body authorized by the United
Nations to issue the International ID. WWAS issues the International
Designation for the payload but not for any of the other objects
placed in orbit as a result of the launch. Subsequent International
Designations for non-payload objects are normally assigned by
USSPACECOM using the same designation as the payload, but using
the next higher English letter in the alphabet.
```
THOR ABLESTAR R/B
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1 00047U 60007C 96198.95303667 -.00000008 +00000-0 +24803-4 005026
2 00047 066.6626 011.9766 0252122 190.4009 169.1818 14.34618735877842
```
Line 0 (the line above line 1) provides the common name of the
satellite object. Not all TLEs have common names associated with
them, but they are an additional enhancement provided by some TLE
distributors to allow the tracking program to provide a common
name for the satellite in addition to the Satellite Catalog Number
and/or International ID. Note, "R/B" is an OIG acronym for rocket.
---- 1.5.1.3.3 Satellite Prediction Services On The Internet
There are several satellite prediction services on the Internet.
Each provides an ephemeris for one or more satellites, which
indicates when and where to look to see the satellites. These
ephemerides, which are a tabular collection of data points that
include position and velocities as a function of time, are
generally in a text format.
The ephemeris service at
[Georgia State University:](http://
www.chara
.gsu.edu
/sat.html)
http://www.chara.gsu.edu/sat.html
and at the
[North Carolina State University:](http://acsprod1
.acs.ncsu.edu
/scripts/HamRadio
/sattrack)
http://acsprod1.acs.ncsu.edu/scripts/HamRadio/sattrack
have a database of over 800 satellites and allows the user to
decide how bright a satellite must be in order to be included
in the output ephemeris. Users must input their geographical
location as latitude and longitude. A link to a geographic server
is provided to obtain this information if it is not known by the
user.
The ephemeris service at
[Space Science Lab at Berkeley:](http://
ssl.berkeley
.edu/isi
_www/
satpasses
.html)
http:/ssl.berkeley.edu/isi\_www/satpasses.html
provides ephemerides for six preselected satellites. The
geographic location is limited to one of 72 major cities. If the
user lives further than 100 km from a selected city, the output
viewing information will probably not be accurate enough to readily
spot the satellite. However, one nice feature of this site is
that it provides links to several other predictions services.
[The Visual Satellite Observer's prediction service](http://
www2.
satellite
.eu.org/sat
/vsohp/
satpred
.html)
http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satpred.html
---- 1.5.1.4 Watch And Computer Time Settings
An accurate watch (with low drift and set to a time standard) is
necessary for making accurate positional and flash period
measurements. A one-second error in timing will result in a location
error of 8 km (5 miles) for a LEO satellite traveling at nearly
30,000 km/hr (18,000 mi/hr).
Time standard signals are available by short wave radio, telephone,
and the Internet. WWV in Boulder, Colorado transmits time signals on
2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, and 20 Mhz. WWVH in Hawaii transmits on 2.5, 5.0,
10 and 15 Mhz. Their radio service is for the Continental USA and
Pacific area with a delay time of 1-10 milliseconds. Reception
outside these regions will result in additional delay.
WWV can also be accessed by telephone at 1-303-499-711 and WWVH
can be accessed at 1-808-335-4363. However, be aware that some long
distant telephone services use satellite connections with the
associated transmission delays.
In Europe the following radio time services can be used for an
accurate timing reference.
```
_Freq (KHz)_ _Station_ _Location_
75 HBG Neuchatel Observatory, Czech.
77.5 DCF77 Bundesantalt, FRG
2,500 MSF Rugby, UK
5,000 MSF Rugby, UK
10,000 MSF Rugby, UK
```
The USA Naval Observatory (USNO) provides various time services
on the Internet at several URLs, e.g.:
[\* telnet://tick.usno.navy.mil:13](telnet://tick.usno.navy.mil:13)
[\* telnet://tock.usno.navy.mil:13](telnet://tock.usno.navy.mil:13)
[\* http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/what.html](http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/what.html)
Most telephone companies provide a time service, but the accuracy
varies considerably, and caution must be exercised. In the USA, ATT
provides (for a fee) a supposedly accurate time service over land
lines (no satellite transmission delays) from the US Naval
Observatory at 1-900-410-TIME.
Note that some telephone and Internet time services do not correct
for network transmission delays. When using a tracking program in
real time to locate a satellite, the computer's internal clock must
be accurately set to a time standard before using the program, to
provide useful real-time tracking information. Some tracking software
allows the user to set the computer's internal clock from the
tracking program.
Most computers, unless they have specific hardware and software
installed, will not keep accurate time over a relatively short
period (several hours). The USNO provides links to various time
services, including links to software that will allow a computer's
internal clock to be more accurate with and without modem time
synchronization.
Further information can be found at the URL:
<http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ctime.html>
---- 1.5.1.5 Stopwatch
A stopwatch can be used to time flash periods or to accurately
mark a satellite's position. A stopwatch accurate to within 0.1
seconds is necessary for accurate positional and flash period
measurements. A quartz watch with 0.1 seconds readout and the
ability to store and retrieve at least 50 "lap" times
is better. Having this capability is more convenient for a session
of flash measurements, because the observer doesn't have to write
down the elapsed time after each satellite pass. A "lap" stopwatch
is also needed for positional measurements if the observer wants
to take more than one measurement during a pass. Note that it is
very important to synchronize the stopwatch to an accurate time
standard, as discussed in the previous section.
One method used in accurately determining the position of an
observed satellite is to commence timing with a stopwatch when a
satellite passes between two known stars, whose position can be
determined from either a star catalog or astronomy program. Timing
should stop on the announced full minute, utilizing a radio time
signal. Subtracting the recorded duration from the announced
reference time gives the time, at which the satellite passed
between the two stars. The observer should always use Universal Time
(UT) (formally called Greenwich Mean Time - GMT) and date when an
observation is reported. Also, the location of the satellite
between the two known star positions must be interpolated.
Determination of UT with respect to the observer's location can be
found at URL:
<http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html>
One method used to time flash periods associated with rotating
satellites is to count several dozen flashes and the duration
between flash 0 and flash n, then dividing the duration by n.
Note that the flash count must begin at 0, because the flash
\*period\* is the time duration \*between\* flashes. This method is
much easier than timing every single flash. The error of the
calculated flash period is also much smaller than that resulting
from timing only \*one\* flash period.
---- 1.5.1.6 Tape
Recorder A portable battery powered tape recorder with fresh
batteries is most useful for recording observer commentary and
for later flash period data reduction. Running a WWV broadcast in
the background can provide an accurate time standard reference for
later study.
---- 1.5.1.7 Chair
It's important to be comfortable during long viewing sessions.
Since one is usually looking up, it's best to be in a reclined
position. A lightweight reclining lawn chair is portable and quite
suitable for remote observing locations. At home, an old beat-up
swivel recliner works great. The next best thing would be any type
of back supported chair.
---- 1.5.2 Knowledge
It's not necessary to have much knowledge of astronomy to enjoy
satellite viewing, but some basic knowledge does help in knowing
where to look and how to make observation reports.
Further detailed information on basic concepts described below can
be found in "Basics of Space Flight Learners' Workbook", located
on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory web site at the URL:
<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/>
---- 1.5.2.1 Celestial Coordinates
If the satellite is not very bright, it is difficult to use only
local azimuth and elevation as coordinates. In most cases, it
is more practical to use the Right Ascension (RA) and Declination
(Dec) to locate the track of the satellite in a star field. Celestial
object positions specified in this coordinate system are convenient,
because an object's RA/Dec coordinates remain the same regardless of
the viewing location on Earth.
---- 1.5.2.1.1 Right Ascension (RA)
Right ascension is the angular distance measured eastward along the
celestial equator in hours, minutes, and seconds (sometimes measured
in degrees) from a reference point called the vernal equinox. The
vernal equinox is that point on the celestial sphere, where the Sun's
path crosses the celestial equator, going from south to north, each
year on or near March 21st. The celestial location for 0 hrs Ra is
located approximately in the constellation Pisces.
A full rotation on the celestial sphere from beginning to end at the
equator is, of course, 360 degrees. This full rotation is also
normally measured as an angular distance of 24 hours. Therefore, one
hour in RA corresponds to 15 degrees eastward rotation
(360 degrees/24 hours)
For example, a RA of 02:30:30 (2 hours, 30 minutes, 30 seconds)
corresponds to an angle of rotation of 30 degrees (for 2 hours),
plus 7.5 degrees (for 30 minutes), plus 0.125 degrees (for 30
seconds), giving a total angle of 37.625 degrees eastward from
the vernal equinox along the celestial equator.
---- 1.5.2.1.2 Declination (Dec)
Declination, which is measured in degrees positive or negative,
corresponds to the global coordinate of latitude on the Earth. It
is a measure of how far north or south the object is located from
the celestial equator. Thus a declination of -10 degrees would mean
that the object is located 10 degrees south of the celestial equator.
Similarly, a declination of +10 degrees would mean that the object
is located 10 degrees north of the celestial equator.
Most satellite tracking and prediction programs provide the celestial
coordinates of a satellite in RA and Dec. This is very handy, as
celestial coordinates are the same, regardless of where on the Earth's
surface the observer is located.
---- 1.5.2.2 Local Coordinates
Most tracking programs will also provide the local coordinates of
a satellite for a particular viewing location in terms of azimuth
and elevation (altitude) angles. Of course, the observer's local
latitude and longitude coordinates must be known fairly accurately,
in order for the program to generate accurate local coordinates. An
observer can refer to a detailed geographical map to obtain a close
approximation. A detailed geodetic map should provide adequate
latitude and longitude information.
In the USA, such maps are produced by the United States Geological
Survey (USGS) and are generally available for purchase from
specialty map stores.
Also in the USA, one can use online services to determine latitude
and longitude. Two such services, which both use place name keywords
to perform a search, are at the URLs:
<http://tiger.census.gov>
Outside the US one can use a map locator service at URL:
<http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/nfwebglis/>
Another resource is to use a Global Position System (GPS) at the
observer's site to obtain the geographical coordinates. These
systems have come down in price dramatically over the last few
years and are particularly helpful when using a remote site.
---- 1.5.2.2.1 Azimuth (Az)
Azimuth is measured in degrees, corresponding to the points on
a compass heading on the local horizon. To accurately locate an
object, the observer must become familiar with the location directions
on the horizon in terms of compass heading, where both 0 and 360
degrees correspond to true North; 90 degrees corresponds to true
East; 180 degrees corresponds to true South; and 270 degrees
corresponds to true West.
Azimuth angles are "true" (i.e., geographic) headings, not magnetic
headings. For observers in the northern hemisphere, the star Polaris
is currently less than 1 degree misaligned from true North and is
therefore a useful guide for locating the four cardinal points of the
compass heading on the local horizon. Using a magnetic compass and
compensating for local magnetic deviation (the difference between
True North and Magnetic North) can also be used to locate the true
heading. The magnetic deviation for a given location can be found
at URL:
<http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/e_cgrf.html>
---- 1.5.2.2.2 Elevation (Alt)
Elevation (or Altitude or Alt) is measured in degrees above the
local horizon. An elevation of 30 degrees would mean that the object
is located 30 degrees above the local horizon. (Note, 10 degrees can
be approximated by the width of one's fist held at arm's length, so
an object at 30 degrees elevation would appear to be approximately
three fist widths above the horizon.) An object having an elevation
of 0 degrees would be directly on the observer's local horizon. An
object having an elevation of 90 degrees would be on the observer's
zenith (directly overhead).
It takes continual practice to accurately estimate or locate an
object's local coordinates.
---- 1.5.2.3 Brightness Of Stars
In astronomy, the brightness of any star is measured using the
magnitude scale. This method was devised originally by the ancient
Greeks, who classified the stars that were visible to the unaided
eye as being first magnitude (brightest) to sixth magnitude (dimmest).
This rough method was altered in the 19th century, so that magnitude
+1 stars were defined as being exactly 100 times brighter than
magnitude +6 stars. Thus, the magnitude could be expressed as varying
logarithmically (exponentially) with the star's brightness. With the
advent of accurate modern photometry, the scale was extended in both
directions.
At one extreme, the bright Sun is magnitude -27. At the other extreme,
some of the faintest observed stars are about magnitude +24. The full
moon is magnitude -12.5. Sirius, the brightest star in the nighttime
sky, is magnitude -1.5, while the faintest stars visible to the naked
eye under good conditions are about magnitude +6.
It is very useful to know some stellar magnitudes in order to estimate
the brightness of a satellite during a pass. The advantage of this
method is, of course, that the stars are readily available for
comparison with a satellite. Knowledge of stellar magnitudes also
helps in judging the current viewing conditions. It is useless to look
for a magnitude +5 satellite, if atmospheric conditions limit
the seeing down to only magnitude +3. Some tracking programs provide
the magnitude value of stars on their display star field as an aid
to the observer.
A quick guide to atmospheric conditions and satellite brightness can
be gleamed from examining a suitable constellation. In the Northern
hemisphere, Ursa Minor ("Little Bear") is ideal. (Note, the "Little
Dipper" asterism is only a part of the constellation Ursa Minor or
Little Bear. An asterism is a group of easily recognized stars that
are a part of one or more constellations.) Circumpolar, and thus
usually visible to a Northern hemisphere observer, Ursa Minor contains
stars ranging in magnitude from +2 down to +6. Brighter satellites
can be gauged by comparing against some of the more brilliant stars,
such as Sirius (-1.5), Vega (0.0), Altair (+0.8), and Deneb (+1.3).
The closest equivalent to Ursa Minor in Southern hemisphere skies is
the constellation Crux (Southern Cross). Similarly circumpolar, it
contains stars ranging in magnitude from +0.8 down to +6.5.
---- 1.5.2.4 Tracking Considerations
If the satellite is not very bright, it is difficult to use only
azimuth and elevation as coordinates. In most cases, it is more
practical to use Right Ascension and Declination coordinates to draw
or locate the track of the satellite in a star field, as shown in an
atlas or astronomy program. Some graphical tracking programs show
the satellite's location in a star field. To locate and track the
satellite, choose an easy reference point along the orbit, such as
passage near a bright star, passage between two bright stars, and
so on.
The predicted track can deviate from the true one, if the input
orbital elements are not very recent. The track can also change
considerably due to the influence of the Earth's atmosphere, which in
turn depends on varying solar activity. Any orbital maneuvering of an
active satellite can also cause deviations from predicted track.
Fortunately, for most satellites, such deviations are a matter of at
most one minute in time and one degree in position. For satellites in
an orbit lower than 300 km, however, or for active maneuvering)
satellites, the track deviations can reach half an hour in time and
several degrees in position. Most rocket stages can be predicted
fairly accurately for longer than a month. But for the Space Shuttle,
which maneuvers frequently, predictions can lose accuracy very rapidly.
To locate and track a satellite, start watching the selected area of
the star field a few minutes before the satellite is predicted to pass
through that field. To anticipate deviations from the predicted track,
"sweep" or "scan" with binoculars in a direction that is perpendicular
to the predicted track. At about the predicted time, the satellite
should appear in the field of view. The satellite can be tracked from
that point, and rotational or positional measurements made.
========================================================================
This introduction was written by a subscriber of the SeeSat-L mailing
list, which is devoted to visual satellite observation. Members of
this group also maintain a World Wide Web site and a listserver
called SeeSat-L. The home page and information on subscribing to
SeeSat-L can be found at the URL:
<http://www.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html>
Or at its mirror:
<http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/satintro.html>
The information on the VSOHP site is much more dynamic than that found
in this introduction. For example, the VSOHP site contains current
satellite visibility and decay predictions, as well as information
about current and upcoming Space Shuttle missions and Mir dockings.
The VSOHP site also contains many images, equations, and data/program
files that could not be included in this introduction while maintaining
its plain text form.
This Introduction was last updated in November 8, 1997. Later
revisions (satintro.zip) may be found at Mike McCants' FTP site:
<ftp://ftp.fc.net/pub/users/mikem/>](#1.2.1)
| https://www.qsl.net/kd4cga/satintro.htm |
<head><title>Not Acceptable!</title></head><body><h1>Not Acceptable!</h1><p>An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod_Security.</p></body></html> | Not Acceptable!# Not Acceptable!
An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod\_Security.
| http://jamescamerononline.com/Biography.htm |
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<p><hr><p>
<h3>Cathy's Carved and Decorated Eggs</h3><br>
<center><IMG SRC="models/FairyDragonFront.jpg"><br>
<b>The "Fairy Dragon"</b>
</center>
<p><hr><p>
This page is a showcase of my mother's carved, painted, and decorated eggs. She uses a dental style air driven turbine drill for most of her work. Some of her creations were given as gifts, so these images may be the best/only we have. She has an entire curio cabinet packed with eggs though. I may someday get better images of those. For now, most of the pictures have been taken with a potato! Sorry! :P
<p>
Please note that as most of the eggs are on stands, the images will naturally be in portrait orientation... This will be a fairly long page! Enjoy!
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/FairyDragonDetail.jpg"><br>
This is the "Fairy Dragon", which just so happens to be my favorite of my mother's carved eggs. The detail here shows the glass dragon (with gold details) guarding it's "eggs". The blue "roses" and the blue "foliage" are quite nice, and well, every element carries or compliments the overall blue color theme. This is one of her finest works, and I figure I may as well start with a bang! The header image, is of course, the full front view of the Fairy Dragon.
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/FairyDragonRear.jpg"><br>
Back of the Fairy Dragon egg. Again... This is my FAVORITE egg. Seriously. It's beautiful! The mesh filling in the large open spaces really is quite nice too. Every detail of this egg seems to compliment each other.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/AnnivrsaryFront.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/AnnivrsaryBack.jpg"><br>
Anniversary Egg front and back
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/AnniversaryOpen.jpg"><br>
Anniversary Egg Open
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/BradsWolf.jpg"><br>
Brads Wolf, carved on Emu egg. Emu eggs have different colored layers, so you can get three tone images based on the depth of carving. You'll see this frequently with Emu eggs... This is <i>not</i> painted!
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/CelticKnotf.jpg"><br>
A wide Celtic Knot pattern, carved on an ostrich egg.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/ChiefSleepyEye.jpg"><br>
<b>Chief Sleepy Eye (Ish Tak Ha Ba)</b><br>
Named for his droopy eyelids, Chief Sleepy Eye, or Ish Tak Ha Ba in his own tongue, was a Native American chief of the Sisseton Dakota tribe. He held that position from 1824 though the remainder of his life, when he passed away in 1859. Chief Sleepy Eye was known not for being a hunter or warrior, but for the friendships he established with explorers, traders, missionaries and government officials. He favored peace and friendship with the white man, and though the white man took advantage of the natives, he never gave up hope that natives and whites would find peace.
<p>
In his drive for peace and friendship, he was a member of the delegation of Dakota and Ojibway leaders who went to Washington DC in 1824 to meet with President James Monroe to sign treaties that they hoped would bring about a compromise between cultures, and ultimately peace. He was a signer of at least four different treaties with the United States government, and was probably the most important Chief to sign the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851, a task he did so reluctantly, for what it would cost his people. Sadly, he'd seen what the white man could, and would do, and wanted peace more than any amount of land.
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/ChiefSleepyEyeBack.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/SleepyEyeGrave.jpg" WIDTH=178 HEIGHT=581><br>
He died in either 1859 or 1860 in South Dakota, and was buried there. In 1898 his remains were found and in 1902 they were moved to the town of Sleepy Eye. The town was both the last place he called home, and named after him. He was buried in a plot that had been set aside for the purpose, next to the then newly built depot. A granite obelisk serves as the monument marking his grave site.<br>
Carved on an Emu egg.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/CrystalCity.jpg"><br>
"Crystal City" was made of leftover discs cut out of other eggs. For a while, my mother made potpourri eggs, which were turkey eggs with three discs cut out, filled with fragrant potpourri, contained by mesh (similar to the Fairy Dragon, and then decorated. These were easy eggs to make, and could be made in large numbers (It helped having local turkey farms too). The unused segments were piling up, and they were all identical. My mother glued them together to form a single "super egg" that was larger than even an ostrich egg. Each shell segment had scroll patterns cut into them. Due to the size, a rather copious application of an epoxy like coating was used for reinforcement. Unfortunately, the spaces of the scroll work are not very wide, and could have actually been made wider. The thing is solid with that coating, but it's hard to see the interior. The whole thing can be picked up by the egg, in fact! We would certainly do it differently, had we the option to do it again. More negative space.
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/CrystalCitySide.jpg"><br>
The interior is filled with crystals arranged in a symmetrical manner, and illuminated with LEDs. Interestingly enough, My mother and I attended a show in North Dakota dedicated to egg carving and decorating. The power went out, and because our table was not near power, I had powered all my mother's illuminated eggs with batteries. In a gymnasium filled with fragile eggs, we were the only source of light. It certainly got people's attention! :)
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/CrystalCityTop.jpg"><br>
We have always talked of reworking this one, to make the interior more visible, but never did. The central globe is the only crystal illuminated by non red light. depending on the angle, it will illuminate in green and yellow light as well. The prevalence of red LEDs are simply an indication of the technology at the time. Bright LEDs of other colors were available, but still cost more, and we did not have blue LEDs yet, at that time.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/CurioFront.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/CurioBack.jpg"><br>
This is the curio egg. The egg features a small shelf, filled with tiny cloth flowers and glass figures. It was carved from an ostrich egg.<br>
The back is decorated with a gold theme, just as the interior.
<p>
<IMG SRC="models/CurioInside.jpg"><br>
The curio egg stands out, because the glass swan can be rotated, activating a dimmer that illuminates the interior with yellow LEDs. If you detach the swan from the dimmer knob, you can hinge up the base, to reveal a battery compartment.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/EasterMorningFront.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/EasterMorningBack.jpg"><br>
"Easter Morning"<br>
A piece celebrating the joy of Easter!
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/EmuJewelryBoxClosed.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/EmuJewelryBoxOpen.jpg"><br>
Emu Jewelry Box
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/HeartSpiral.jpg"><br>
"Heart Spiral"
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/KatelynnsTreasureClosed.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/KatelynnsTreasureOpen.jpg"><br>
"Katelynns Treasure"
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/LittleLattice.jpg"><br>
"Little Lattice"
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/LittleRosa.jpg"><br>
"Little Rosa"<br>
Relief carved ostrich egg.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/LoneEagle.jpg"><br>
"Lone Eagle"<br>
Carved ostrich egg.
<p><hr><p>
<IMG SRC="models/MajesticPatriotFront.jpg"> <IMG SRC="models/MajesticPatriotBack.jpg"><br>
"Majestic Patriot"<br>
An egg celebrating American independence and freedom.
<p><hr><p>
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MamasAngelCloseOff.jpg
MamasAngelCloseOn.jpg
MamasAngelFront.jpg
MamasAngelLeft.jpg
MamasAngelOpen.jpg
MamasAngelRight.jpg
MamasAngelSide.jpg
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The Richfiles: Cathy's Eggs Page
# The RichFiles
---
### Cathy's Carved and Decorated Eggs
**The "Fairy Dragon"**
---
This page is a showcase of my mother's carved, painted, and decorated eggs. She uses a dental style air driven turbine drill for most of her work. Some of her creations were given as gifts, so these images may be the best/only we have. She has an entire curio cabinet packed with eggs though. I may someday get better images of those. For now, most of the pictures have been taken with a potato! Sorry! :P
Please note that as most of the eggs are on stands, the images will naturally be in portrait orientation... This will be a fairly long page! Enjoy!
This is the "Fairy Dragon", which just so happens to be my favorite of my mother's carved eggs. The detail here shows the glass dragon (with gold details) guarding it's "eggs". The blue "roses" and the blue "foliage" are quite nice, and well, every element carries or compliments the overall blue color theme. This is one of her finest works, and I figure I may as well start with a bang! The header image, is of course, the full front view of the Fairy Dragon.
Back of the Fairy Dragon egg. Again... This is my FAVORITE egg. Seriously. It's beautiful! The mesh filling in the large open spaces really is quite nice too. Every detail of this egg seems to compliment each other.
---
 
Anniversary Egg front and back
Anniversary Egg Open
---
Brads Wolf, carved on Emu egg. Emu eggs have different colored layers, so you can get three tone images based on the depth of carving. You'll see this frequently with Emu eggs... This is *not* painted!
---
A wide Celtic Knot pattern, carved on an ostrich egg.
---
**Chief Sleepy Eye (Ish Tak Ha Ba)**
Named for his droopy eyelids, Chief Sleepy Eye, or Ish Tak Ha Ba in his own tongue, was a Native American chief of the Sisseton Dakota tribe. He held that position from 1824 though the remainder of his life, when he passed away in 1859. Chief Sleepy Eye was known not for being a hunter or warrior, but for the friendships he established with explorers, traders, missionaries and government officials. He favored peace and friendship with the white man, and though the white man took advantage of the natives, he never gave up hope that natives and whites would find peace.
In his drive for peace and friendship, he was a member of the delegation of Dakota and Ojibway leaders who went to Washington DC in 1824 to meet with President James Monroe to sign treaties that they hoped would bring about a compromise between cultures, and ultimately peace. He was a signer of at least four different treaties with the United States government, and was probably the most important Chief to sign the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851, a task he did so reluctantly, for what it would cost his people. Sadly, he'd seen what the white man could, and would do, and wanted peace more than any amount of land.
 
He died in either 1859 or 1860 in South Dakota, and was buried there. In 1898 his remains were found and in 1902 they were moved to the town of Sleepy Eye. The town was both the last place he called home, and named after him. He was buried in a plot that had been set aside for the purpose, next to the then newly built depot. A granite obelisk serves as the monument marking his grave site.
Carved on an Emu egg.
---
"Crystal City" was made of leftover discs cut out of other eggs. For a while, my mother made potpourri eggs, which were turkey eggs with three discs cut out, filled with fragrant potpourri, contained by mesh (similar to the Fairy Dragon, and then decorated. These were easy eggs to make, and could be made in large numbers (It helped having local turkey farms too). The unused segments were piling up, and they were all identical. My mother glued them together to form a single "super egg" that was larger than even an ostrich egg. Each shell segment had scroll patterns cut into them. Due to the size, a rather copious application of an epoxy like coating was used for reinforcement. Unfortunately, the spaces of the scroll work are not very wide, and could have actually been made wider. The thing is solid with that coating, but it's hard to see the interior. The whole thing can be picked up by the egg, in fact! We would certainly do it differently, had we the option to do it again. More negative space.
The interior is filled with crystals arranged in a symmetrical manner, and illuminated with LEDs. Interestingly enough, My mother and I attended a show in North Dakota dedicated to egg carving and decorating. The power went out, and because our table was not near power, I had powered all my mother's illuminated eggs with batteries. In a gymnasium filled with fragile eggs, we were the only source of light. It certainly got people's attention! :)
We have always talked of reworking this one, to make the interior more visible, but never did. The central globe is the only crystal illuminated by non red light. depending on the angle, it will illuminate in green and yellow light as well. The prevalence of red LEDs are simply an indication of the technology at the time. Bright LEDs of other colors were available, but still cost more, and we did not have blue LEDs yet, at that time.
---
 
This is the curio egg. The egg features a small shelf, filled with tiny cloth flowers and glass figures. It was carved from an ostrich egg.
The back is decorated with a gold theme, just as the interior.
The curio egg stands out, because the glass swan can be rotated, activating a dimmer that illuminates the interior with yellow LEDs. If you detach the swan from the dimmer knob, you can hinge up the base, to reveal a battery compartment.
---
 
"Easter Morning"
A piece celebrating the joy of Easter!
---
 
Emu Jewelry Box
---
"Heart Spiral"
---
 
"Katelynns Treasure"
---
"Little Lattice"
---
"Little Rosa"
Relief carved ostrich egg.
---
"Lone Eagle"
Carved ostrich egg.
---
 
"Majestic Patriot"
An egg celebrating American independence and freedom.
---
 
---
MamasAngelBack.jpg
MamasAngelCloseOff.jpg
MamasAngelCloseOn.jpg
MamasAngelFront.jpg
MamasAngelLeft.jpg
MamasAngelOpen.jpg
MamasAngelRight.jpg
MamasAngelSide.jpg
 
---
 
---
 
---
 
---
 
---
[Return to the Models Page](ModelTopics.html)
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<meta name="description" content="The Bob Club is a club for guys named Bob and the people who know them. There is no membership fee to be a member of The Bob Club. The only requirement to become a member of The Bob Club is to be named Bob or have a name that the name Bob can be derived from. This includes names such as Robert, Robby, Roberto, Bobby, and the likes thereof.">
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<td align="center" width=90><a href="index.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF0000"><b>Bob's Home</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="bobsays.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000FF"><b>Bob Says</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/thebobclub" target="_blank"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF0000"><b>Bob Stuff</b></font></a></td>
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<p>
<font size="5" face="Arial" color="#000000"><b>Welcome!</b></font></center>
<font size="2" face="Arial" color="#000000">
If your name is Bob or if you have a friend or loved one who answers to that name, you're gonna feel welcome here. There's tons of fun Bobberific stuff to see and do, including Bob stories, games, information, and our huge, world-famous <a href="allbobs.html">list</a> of all the Bobs we've been able to find up until now.
<p>
For those who can't seem to understand Bob, the <a href="bobology101.html">Bobology 101</a> page will teach you all about Bobness and the history of our name. And don't miss Bob's <a href="bobgames.html">Fun and Games</a> page, where you can have fun with Bob and maybe even win a prize!
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A Special Place For Guys<br>
Named <font color="#FF0000">BOB</font> And The<br>
People Who Love Them
</font>
<img src="logo200x169.jpg" width="200" height="169" alt="" border="0" align="">
<p><font face="Arial" color="#FF0000" size="4"><b><i>Bringing Bobs<br>
Together <br>Since 2003</i></b></font>
<p>
<a href="allbobs.html"><img src="bobblistad_200x240.jpg" width="200" height="240" alt="" border="0" align="" /></a>
</b></font>
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<p>
<center><b><font color="#000000" face="arial" size=3><b>WHAT ABOUT BOB?</b><br>
</font></b></center>
<font size="2" face="Arial" color="#000000">
Here are some interesting factoids about the name Bob. Besides being a popular palindrome, did you know...
<p>
~ There has never been a US President named Bob
<P>
~ In Avon, Colorado, there is a bridge named Bob
<P>
~ The word "BOB" returns 1,840,000,000 search results on Google (October 2019)
<P>
~ At one time, there were three other Old English variations of the name "Bob". They were "Hob", "Nob", and "Dob".
<P>
~ Bozo the Clown and Captain Kangaroo were both Bobs.
<P>
~ The word "bob" ranks @ #2231 out of the list of 86,800 most frequently used words in the English language, according to the folks at <a href="http://www.wordcount.org/" target="_blank">WordCount.org</a> (<i>really</i> cool site!).
<P>
<center><a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bob Facts"><font size="2" color="#FF0000"><b>CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT MORE BOB FACTS</b></font></a></center>
</p>
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<center> <b>
<font size="3" face="Arial" color="#FF0000">WHAT KIND OF MUSIC DOES BOB LIKE?</font><br>
<font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000FF">Bob Likes Everything. So He Listens To BOB 103.5!</font></b><br>
<br>
<img src="bobFM_360.jpg" width="360" height="90" alt="" border="0" align="" />
<a href="http://www.1035bobfm.com/" target="_blank"><img src="bobFM_360_B.jpg" width="360" height="72" alt="" border="0" align="" /></a>
<p><hr width="300" size="2" color="#0000FF"></p>
<p>
<div align="center"><font size="3" face="Arial" color="#000000"><i>"I never met a Bob that I didn't like!"</i>
<br>
<b>~ Anonymous</b></font>
</div></p>
<p><hr width="300" size="2" color="#0000FF"></p>
<!-- Start Bob Alert -->
<font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF0000">
<font size="3"><b>More Cool Bob Sites Of Interest:</b></font>
<p>
<a href="http://www.funnymanbob.com" target="_blank">Funny Man Bob Phillips</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.bobmarley.com/" target="_blank">Bob Marley Official Website</a>
<br>
<a href="https://www.ferraracandyshopusa.com/brands/bobs.html" target="_blank">"Bob's Candies"</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.angryflower.com" target="_blank">"Bob, The Angry Flower"</a>
<br>
<!-- End Bob Alert -->
<br>
</center>
<font size="1" face="Arial" color="#000000">
<i>Please be aware that we do not monitor third-party websites or screen them for appropriate content. The Bob Club is a family-friendly and kid-safe website, but we cannot guarantee anything beyond our cyber-borders. Parental discretion is always advised when children are surfing the web.</i>
</font>
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<font size="2" face="Arial" color="#000080"><b>Help Find A Missing Child....Take A Moment To View This Amber Alert Ticker</b></font>
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<td align="center" width=90><a href="bobsays.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000FF"><b>Bob Says</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/thebobclub" target="_blank"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF0000"><b>Bob Stuff</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="bobgames.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000FF"><b>Bob Games</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="allbobs.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF0000"><b>Bob's List</b></font></a></td>
<td align="center" width=90><a href="bobology101.html"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#0000FF"><b>Bobology</b></font></a></td>
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<font size="1" face="Arial" color="#0000FF">Website contents, graphics, design and The Bob Club logo are © 2003-2020 The Bob Club, Mansfield, Ohio. All Rights Reserved.<br>
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The Bob Club ~ A Club For Guys Named Bob And The People Who Know Them
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| | [**Bob's Home**](index.html) | [**Bob Says**](bobsays.html) | [**Bob Stuff**](http://www.cafepress.com/thebobclub) | [**Bob Games**](bobgames.html) | [**Bob's List**](allbobs.html) | [**Bobology**](bobology101.html) |
[**Share Bob**](http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&pub=webchisler)
|
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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**Welcome!**
If your name is Bob or if you have a friend or loved one who answers to that name, you're gonna feel welcome here. There's tons of fun Bobberific stuff to see and do, including Bob stories, games, information, and our huge, world-famous [list](allbobs.html) of all the Bobs we've been able to find up until now.
For those who can't seem to understand Bob, the [Bobology 101](bobology101.html) page will teach you all about Bobness and the history of our name. And don't miss Bob's [Fun and Games](bobgames.html) page, where you can have fun with Bob and maybe even win a prize!
|
A Special Place For Guys
Named BOB And The
People Who Love Them
***Bringing Bobs
Together Since 2003***
| | |
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****WHAT ABOUT BOB?****
Here are some interesting factoids about the name Bob. Besides being a popular palindrome, did you know...
~ There has never been a US President named Bob
~ In Avon, Colorado, there is a bridge named Bob
~ The word "BOB" returns 1,840,000,000 search results on Google (October 2019)
~ At one time, there were three other Old English variations of the name "Bob". They were "Hob", "Nob", and "Dob".
~ Bozo the Clown and Captain Kangaroo were both Bobs.
~ The word "bob" ranks @ #2231 out of the list of 86,800 most frequently used words in the English language, according to the folks at [WordCount.org](http://www.wordcount.org/) (*really* cool site!).
[**CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT MORE BOB FACTS**](mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bob Facts)
---
| |
|
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| |
**WHAT KIND OF MUSIC DOES BOB LIKE?
Bob Likes Everything. So He Listens To BOB 103.5!**
---
*"I never met a Bob that I didn't like!"*
**~ Anonymous**
---
**More Cool Bob Sites Of Interest:**
[Funny Man Bob Phillips](http://www.funnymanbob.com)
[Bob Marley Official Website](http://www.bobmarley.com/)
["Bob's Candies"](https://www.ferraracandyshopusa.com/brands/bobs.html)
["Bob, The Angry Flower"](http://www.angryflower.com)
*Please be aware that we do not monitor third-party websites or screen them for appropriate content. The Bob Club is a family-friendly and kid-safe website, but we cannot guarantee anything beyond our cyber-borders. Parental discretion is always advised when children are surfing the web.*
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**Help Find A Missing Child....Take A Moment To View This Amber Alert Ticker**
*This 24 / 7 Amber Alert Ticker Is Provided Free As A Public Service By AmberAlert.org & The Bob Club.com*
---
| | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | [**Bob's Home**](index.html) | [**Bob Says**](bobsays.html) | [**Bob Stuff**](http://www.cafepress.com/thebobclub) | [**Bob Games**](bobgames.html) | [**Bob's List**](allbobs.html) | [**Bobology**](bobology101.html) |
[**Share Bob**](http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&pub=webchisler)
|
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---
Website contents, graphics, design and The Bob Club logo are © 2003-2020 The Bob Club, Mansfield, Ohio. All Rights Reserved.
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| http://thebobclub.com/ |
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<p><font face="Verdana">I am a telecommunications mobile radio systems engineer.
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<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="top"><p align="center"><strong><font size="1"> </font></strong></p>
<p align="center"><a href="aprs/index.htm"><img src="common/aprs-small.gif" alt="Click logo for APRS Information and Links to Maps!" align="middle" width="102" height="51"></a><strong><font size="2"><br>
<font face="Verdana">Automatic Position <br>
Reporting System<br>
</font>
<br>
</font>
</strong>
<span style="background-color: #D9CFBB"><font size="5" face="Verdana">
<a href="map/index.htm"> <b>WA8LMF
Personal APRS WebServer</b></a><b>s</b>
</font>
<font size="5" face="Arial">
<br>
</font>
</span>
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<td valign="top" height="100"><a href="http://www.spamhelp.org/harvesterkiller/">
<img src="shs_sstv_s.jpg" alt="Photo of Stephen Smith in car with SSTV" border="0" width="320" height="240"></a></td>
<td width="250" align="center" valign="top"><a href="VietNam/index.htm">
<img border="0" src="AFVN_Logo.gif" width="163" height="193"></a><p><b>
<font face="Verdana" size="4"><a href="VietNam/index.htm">American Forces
Vietnam Network - </a><br>
<a href="VietNam/index.htm">I lived the real-life "Goodmorning, Vietnam"</a><a href="energy/index.htm"><br>
</a></font> </b></td>
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<img src="common/signature-t.gif" alt="WA8LMF Spamproof GIF Graphic Email Address Fight Spambots!" border="0" width="380" height="130"></a></p>
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<p align="center">
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<font color="#000000">PC Services</font></a></p>
<p align="center">
<a href="http://s180250204.onlinehome.us/PhotoScans/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
<font color="#000000">Film Scanner</font></a></p>
</body>
</html> |
Stephen Smith's Home Page
**Stephen Smith's Home Page**
**Revised
25 Sept 2023**
I am a telecommunications mobile radio systems engineer.
My specialty is measuring the performance and coverage of VHF/UHF/800 MHZ
two-way radio systems used by various governmental agencies including sheriff & police departments, fire departments, paramedics and
general government users. This includes acceptance testing of new systems delivered by
contractors; and investigation of performance and interference problems in existing radio
networks.
| |
| --- |
| **[Daylight
Time Change Patches](miscinfo/index.htm) | [My Resume](resume/index.htm#TopOfResume)
| [Travel Photos](photoindex.htm) | [Radio Survey System](survey/index.htm#Top_of_Survey_System_Txt) | [Ham Radio](ham/index.htm) |
[APRN](http://wa8lmf.net/aprn) | [APRS](aprs/index.htm)
| [Links](links/index.htm) | [Sony D700 Card Reader](D700/index.htm) |
[Misc Data & Info](miscinfo/index.htm) | [UI-View Notes](aprs/UIview_Notes.htm) |
[Historic WB4APR APRS Site Mirror](bruninga/index.htm) | [2006
Jetta Mobile Installation](mobile/index.htm) | [2005 Prius
Mobile Installation](mobile/prius/index.htm) |****[DC-Powered
Ham "Super Server"](http://wa8lmf.net/EPIAserver/index.htm) | [30-Meter
Loop Antenna](ham/30m-magloop-ant.htm)
| [HF APRS with FLdigi](FLdigiAPRS/index.htm) |
[Home Theater Setup](HomeTheater/index.htm) | [Windows 10 Info](Windows10-Info/index.htm)
| NEW! [Aliner
Camper a.k.a. "Studio B"](Aliner/index.htm) |
NEW! [AX.25 vs FX.25 Test](APRS-AX.25-FX.25/index.htm) |** |
| |
| --- |
| |
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
[Click logo for APRS Information and Links to Maps!](aprs/index.htm)**Automatic Position
Reporting System**
[**WA8LMF
Personal APRS WebServer**](map/index.htm)**s**
| [Photo of Stephen Smith in car with SSTV](http://www.spamhelp.org/harvesterkiller/) | **[American Forces
Vietnam Network -](VietNam/index.htm)
[I lived the real-life "Goodmorning, Vietnam"](VietNam/index.htm)** | |
[](http://www.spamhelp.org/harvesterkiller/)
[PC Services](http://compufix-mi.com)
[Film Scanner](http://s180250204.onlinehome.us/PhotoScans/index.htm)
| http://wa8lmf.net/ |
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Video Girl Ai</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFF66" BACKGROUND="ai_hp02k.jpg">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE WIDTH=267 HEIGHT=52 SRC = "desj02.gif" ALT = "Denei Shoujo">
<P>
<A HREF="#ANN">Video Girl Ai Anniversary</A>
<A HREF="#EVO">Video Girl Ai Evolution</A>
<A HREF="#PICS">Colored Video Girl Ai Pictures</A>
<A HREF="#ILLU">Video Girl Ai Illustrations</A>
<A HREF="#TRANSLATION">Manga Translations</A>
<A HREF="#LINKS">Video Girl Links</A>
<H1>Me & Ai</H1>
<P>
Summer 1990. I received my first issue of Shonen Jump. A few stories
looked very nice, a few very bad. And as I came to the middle of this
issue I came across the picture of a very beautiful drawn girl in
strange clothing and very sad eyes. The title was there in English:
VIDEO GIRL AI. The story that followed simply blew me away...
<P>
Masakazu Katsura created Denei Shojou (Video Girl) in 1990 and
it ran until Summer 1992 with a follow-up series that ended in the
beginning of 1993.
<P>
The original series, the story of the Video Girl Ai Amano is collected
into 13 manga volumes, while volumes 14-15 cover Video Girl Len's
story, they're published by Shueisha. The series proved so popular
that a novel, a live action movie and a 6-part OVA were made out of
it. But all of them only cover a very short part of the story.
<P>
The premise of the story is actually pretty simple, A heart-broken
boy, Youta, rents a video tape at a strange video shop. And as
he plays the tape on his VCR the star of the film, Ai, comes right
out of the TV screen. She's a Video Girl, her purpose is to comfort
Youta. But due to the fact that Youta's VCR was faulty Ai herself
is faulty. She learns a feeling that is forbidden to Video Girls: Love.
<P>
As fantastic as this setting may seem the real power of the series
is the way you will feel with the characters.
You will feel their happiness, know their fears, laugh with them,
experience their pain, go with them through the ups and downs of love.
<P>
And all of this is accompanied by art that is so beautiful that
you will lose yourself in a panel for hours, you will enter
this other world.
<P>
There's one word that is crucial in the description
of VGAi: real. Every action has a real consequence. Everything
may seem fine, but then an event may happen that may seem so
senseless, but it will forever change their lives.
The feelings trigger memories in you, of exactly the same feeling
you once had.
<P>
The character are unforgettable, Ai, Yoota, Moemi, Takashi, Nobuko
or Natsumi. You can count yourself lucky if you have friends like
these.
<P>
You want to read a story that has the power to make you cry when you
read its final chapter ? Try Video Girl Ai.
<H1><A NAME="ANN">Video Girl Anniversary</A></H1>
<P>
This is the 10 year anniversary, of my having found the wonderful story of
Video Girl Ai !<BR>
To celebrate this I have put up a page with some pictures that have not made
their way to the web yet.
<P>
<A HREF="vgai_la.htm">Find them here !.</A>
<H1><A NAME="EVO">Video Girl Ai Evolution</A></H1>
<P>
<A HREF="vgai_evo.htm">On this page I want to show you just how much Katsura's style evolved while
working on Video Girl Ai.</A>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="PICS">Colored Video Girl Ai Pictures</A></H1>
<P>
In 1991/1992 I experimented with coloring b&w manga panels. I scanned
them in and spent hours coloring them, having only 8 colors available
at the time...
<P>
I always played with the thought of touching them up and making
them available to other people. Well, since this might never happen
I will just put them on a page as they are. Enjoy !
<P>
<A HREF="vgai_pic.htm">Find the Thumbnails here.</A>
<H1><A NAME="ILLU">Video Girl Ai Illustrations</A></H1>
<P>
On <A HREF="vgaijump.htm">this page</A> you can find some rare color
illustrations by Masakazu Katsura himself.
<P>
His new artbook <A HREF="4C.htm">4C</A> is featured
<A HREF="4C.htm">here</A>.
<H1><A NAME="TRANSLATION">Manga Translations</A></H1>
<P>
A fan-translation of all manga books into English has been made possible
by me and Kaori Hasegawa. Warren Fernandez did a great job of making these
accessible through the Web, but that page does not exist anymore.
Thankfully Kelvin Goh has now uploaded them to his
<A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Garden/8564/Translations/">
VGA Manga and Anime Resources - Translations</A> page.
<H1><A NAME="LINKS">Video Girl Links</A></H1>
<!--<A HREF="http://server.berkeley.edu/anime/VGAi/vgai.html">-->Warren Fernandez <I>(left the web)</I><BR>
<!--<A HREF="http://www.wwnet.com/~knisabre/vgai.html">-->Knight Sabre <I>(left the web)</I><BR>
<A HREF="http://128.100.80.13/dave/aicensor/aicensor.htm">Dave Watson</A><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/1474/mavgai.html">Marco Lamberto</A><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.mygale.org/02/motenai/VGAi/vgai_e.html">Motenai</A><BR>
<A HREF="http://ftp.sunet.se/pub/pictures/anime-manga/VideoGirlAi/">Venice</A><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/">Zeus Baloqui</A><BR>
<p>
<A HREF="/cgi-bin/guestbook/guestbook.cgi"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC = "/guestbook.gif">Sign or View my Guestbook</A>
<P>
<A HREF="gbook_old.htm"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE SRC = "guestbook.gif">... or view my old Guestbook</A>
<!-- Begin Video Girl Ai WebRing Fragment -->
<CENTER><MAP NAME="vgamenu">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="1,1,149,199" HREF="http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="154,7,219,26" HREF="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="154,48,202,70" HREF="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&skip">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="155,87,219,108" HREF="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&prev">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="154,129,222,153" HREF="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next5">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="154,173,187,194" HREF="http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/">
</MAP>
<IMG SRC="ring.jpg" ALT="Video Girl Ai Ring Menu" WIDTH=228 HEIGHT=199 BORDER=0 USEMAP="#vgamenu">
<BR><FONT SIZE="2" FACE="Arial, Helv">
This site is part of the <a href="http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/">Video Girl Ai Ring</a>
<br>This site is owned by <a href="mailto:[email protected]" >Alberto Leonardo Mazzetto</A>.<br><br>
Click for the [
<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next">Next Page</a> |
<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&skip">Skip It</a> |
<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&prev">Previous</a> |
<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next5">Next Five</a> ]
<br><br>Want to join the ring? Click here for
<a href="http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/">info</a>.<br><br></center></font></CENTER>
<!-- End Video Girl Ai WebRing Fragment -->
<P>This page has been accessed
<img src="/cgi-bin/hitmat.pl?vgai+A=PAGE" width=96 height=16 align=top border=0>
times since Jan 14, 2000.
<P>Older Page counts:<BR>
Dec 20, 1996 - Sep 26, 1998: <B>5678</B><BR>
Sep 26, 1998 - Jan 14, 2000: ??? <FONT SIZE=1>Compuserve deleted its counters without warning.</FONT>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT>
<A HREF="home01.htm">
<IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC = "ai_hp01k.jpg" ALT = "Ai's Back picture">
Back to my Homepage</A><BR>
</P>
<ADDRESS>
<A HREF="/emai.html"><IMG WIDTH=215 HEIGHT=25 SRC = "/leo.gif" ALT = "Send Email to Leo"></A>
</ADDRESS>
Created Dec 20, 1996<BR>
Last updated Apr 30, 2001</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
Video Girl Ai
[Video Girl Ai Anniversary](#ANN)
[Video Girl Ai Evolution](#EVO)
[Colored Video Girl Ai Pictures](#PICS)
[Video Girl Ai Illustrations](#ILLU)
[Manga Translations](#TRANSLATION)
[Video Girl Links](#LINKS)
# Me & Ai
Summer 1990. I received my first issue of Shonen Jump. A few stories
looked very nice, a few very bad. And as I came to the middle of this
issue I came across the picture of a very beautiful drawn girl in
strange clothing and very sad eyes. The title was there in English:
VIDEO GIRL AI. The story that followed simply blew me away...
Masakazu Katsura created Denei Shojou (Video Girl) in 1990 and
it ran until Summer 1992 with a follow-up series that ended in the
beginning of 1993.
The original series, the story of the Video Girl Ai Amano is collected
into 13 manga volumes, while volumes 14-15 cover Video Girl Len's
story, they're published by Shueisha. The series proved so popular
that a novel, a live action movie and a 6-part OVA were made out of
it. But all of them only cover a very short part of the story.
The premise of the story is actually pretty simple, A heart-broken
boy, Youta, rents a video tape at a strange video shop. And as
he plays the tape on his VCR the star of the film, Ai, comes right
out of the TV screen. She's a Video Girl, her purpose is to comfort
Youta. But due to the fact that Youta's VCR was faulty Ai herself
is faulty. She learns a feeling that is forbidden to Video Girls: Love.
As fantastic as this setting may seem the real power of the series
is the way you will feel with the characters.
You will feel their happiness, know their fears, laugh with them,
experience their pain, go with them through the ups and downs of love.
And all of this is accompanied by art that is so beautiful that
you will lose yourself in a panel for hours, you will enter
this other world.
There's one word that is crucial in the description
of VGAi: real. Every action has a real consequence. Everything
may seem fine, but then an event may happen that may seem so
senseless, but it will forever change their lives.
The feelings trigger memories in you, of exactly the same feeling
you once had.
The character are unforgettable, Ai, Yoota, Moemi, Takashi, Nobuko
or Natsumi. You can count yourself lucky if you have friends like
these.
You want to read a story that has the power to make you cry when you
read its final chapter ? Try Video Girl Ai.
# Video Girl Anniversary
This is the 10 year anniversary, of my having found the wonderful story of
Video Girl Ai !
To celebrate this I have put up a page with some pictures that have not made
their way to the web yet.
[Find them here !.](vgai_la.htm)
# Video Girl Ai Evolution
[On this page I want to show you just how much Katsura's style evolved while
working on Video Girl Ai.](vgai_evo.htm)
# Colored Video Girl Ai Pictures
In 1991/1992 I experimented with coloring b&w manga panels. I scanned
them in and spent hours coloring them, having only 8 colors available
at the time...
I always played with the thought of touching them up and making
them available to other people. Well, since this might never happen
I will just put them on a page as they are. Enjoy !
[Find the Thumbnails here.](vgai_pic.htm)
# Video Girl Ai Illustrations
On [this page](vgaijump.htm) you can find some rare color
illustrations by Masakazu Katsura himself.
His new artbook [4C](4C.htm) is featured
[here](4C.htm).
# Manga Translations
A fan-translation of all manga books into English has been made possible
by me and Kaori Hasegawa. Warren Fernandez did a great job of making these
accessible through the Web, but that page does not exist anymore.
Thankfully Kelvin Goh has now uploaded them to his
[VGA Manga and Anime Resources - Translations](http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Garden/8564/Translations/) page.
# Video Girl Links
Warren Fernandez *(left the web)*
Knight Sabre *(left the web)*
[Dave Watson](http://128.100.80.13/dave/aicensor/aicensor.htm)
[Marco Lamberto](http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/1474/mavgai.html)
[Motenai](http://www.mygale.org/02/motenai/VGAi/vgai_e.html)
[Venice](http://ftp.sunet.se/pub/pictures/anime-manga/VideoGirlAi/)
[Zeus Baloqui](http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/)
[Sign or View my Guestbook](/cgi-bin/guestbook/guestbook.cgi)
[... or view my old Guestbook](gbook_old.htm)
This site is part of the [Video Girl Ai Ring](http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/)
This site is owned by [Alberto Leonardo Mazzetto](mailto:[email protected]).
Click for the [
[Next Page](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next) |
[Skip It](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&skip) |
[Previous](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&prev) |
[Next Five](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=vga&id=3&next5) ]
Want to join the ring? Click here for
[info](http://www.vc.unipmn.it/zeus-baloqui/vga/webring/).
This page has been accessed
times since Jan 14, 2000.
Older Page counts:
Dec 20, 1996 - Sep 26, 1998: **5678**
Sep 26, 1998 - Jan 14, 2000: ??? Compuserve deleted its counters without warning.
[
Back to my Homepage](home01.htm)
[](/emai.html)
Created Dec 20, 1996
Last updated Apr 30, 2001
| http://www.leospage.de/animemanga/vgai.htm |
<head>
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<META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="caving, exploring caves, cave mysteries, caves, cave pictures, spelunking">
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<body bgcolor=000000><!--'"</title></head>-->
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<h2>
3/23/01 <br><br>
<br><br>
</h2><h3>
Due to the overwhelming number of requests I have received to tell about my discoveries and bizarre experiences in a cave not far from my home, I have created this web page. I will outline the events that happened to me during the past few months. Beginning with my journey into a familiar cave in December 2000 and ending... well, it hasn't actually ended yet. I will use my caving journal as the text to tell about my recent experience. I will give them to you as I experienced them, in chronological order.<br><br>I have included photographs that were taken during my many trips into the cave. I have also created a few illustrations to help the reader get a better idea of what things looked like in the cave. All of the photo's were taken by me, or one of the few people I went into the cave with. <br><br><br><br>
<p align =left>
I want to point out a few things before I tell about the events: <br><br>
1- Most of the pictures were taken with a Kodak disposable type camera. I took a better camera into the cave on one or two of the trips. Pictures on this site are all original photos and have not been messed with or enhanced, other than where noted. As a rule I get my pictures put onto disc at the time of developing so I don't have to scan them later. This ensures the best digital quality.<br><br>
2- I will not reveal the names of the other people involved in this experience. If you know me well enough, you probably know them already.<br><br>
3- I will <u>NOT</u> reveal the location of the cave to <u>ANYONE</u> for <u>ANY REASON!</u> So please don't ask! I refuse to be held accountable for anyone's life but my own. I will refer to the cave as Mystery Cave. That is NOT its real name.<br><br>
If you think these events sound far-fetched, I agree. I would come to the same conclusion had I not experienced them. <br><br>
<br><br>I will try to finish the site as soon as possible. Check the date on the main page to see when I've made updates.<br><br>To protect myself from people who might want to copy this site, I include th following: All text on this and following pages are my own words and copyright 2001.
<br><br>
Ted <br><br>
</h3>
<h2><a href= "page2.html"> The Discovery</a>
<br>
</h2>
<br>
<a href= "index.html"> Back to Front page</a>
<br>
<br>
</body> |
Ted's Caving Page, with the story of his discovery in a local cave.
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[](https://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ "Angelfire.com: build your free website today!")
##
3/23/01
###
Due to the overwhelming number of requests I have received to tell about my discoveries and bizarre experiences in a cave not far from my home, I have created this web page. I will outline the events that happened to me during the past few months. Beginning with my journey into a familiar cave in December 2000 and ending... well, it hasn't actually ended yet. I will use my caving journal as the text to tell about my recent experience. I will give them to you as I experienced them, in chronological order.I have included photographs that were taken during my many trips into the cave. I have also created a few illustrations to help the reader get a better idea of what things looked like in the cave. All of the photo's were taken by me, or one of the few people I went into the cave with.
I want to point out a few things before I tell about the events:
1- Most of the pictures were taken with a Kodak disposable type camera. I took a better camera into the cave on one or two of the trips. Pictures on this site are all original photos and have not been messed with or enhanced, other than where noted. As a rule I get my pictures put onto disc at the time of developing so I don't have to scan them later. This ensures the best digital quality.
2- I will not reveal the names of the other people involved in this experience. If you know me well enough, you probably know them already.
3- I will NOT reveal the location of the cave to ANYONE for ANY REASON! So please don't ask! I refuse to be held accountable for anyone's life but my own. I will refer to the cave as Mystery Cave. That is NOT its real name.
If you think these events sound far-fetched, I agree. I would come to the same conclusion had I not experienced them.
I will try to finish the site as soon as possible. Check the date on the main page to see when I've made updates.To protect myself from people who might want to copy this site, I include th following: All text on this and following pages are my own words and copyright 2001.
Ted
## [The Discovery](page2.html)
[Back to Front page](index.html)
| https://www.angelfire.com/trek/caver/page1.html |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Phonebashing.com</title>
<style>body{background-color:#000000;background-position:100% 100% !important;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;margin:20px 15px 50px;}</style>
<link rel="icon" href="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/3169/favicon.ico" sizes="any">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.phonebashing.com/">
</head>
<body text="#ffffff" link="#aa0000" bgcolor="#000000" alink="#aa0000" vlink="#aa0000">
<center>
<img height="130" border="0" width="507" src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/8557/topbanner.jpg">
</center>
<center>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/kill.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/7398/killphones.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="149" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://www.americancasinoguide.com/new-jersey"><img style="width: 200px;" src="https://uploads.staticjw.com/ph/phonebashing/american-casino-guide.jpg" alt="American Casino Guide logo" /></a></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"> click on the image opposite to check out our<br />mission statement.<br /></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/kill.html">download (409K .mov quicktime)</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"> We support the Solid Gold Chart Busters and their<br />anti mobile phone sentiment, but <strong>we are prepared<br />to take it one step further</strong>.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/9559/knackered.gif" alt="" width="185" height="69" border="0" /></p>
<p><span style="color: #eddc15; font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: medium;"><strong>THE PHONEBASHING GALLERY</strong></span></p>
<table width="30%" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" align="left"><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"> Please find below, for your veiwing pleasure, several movie clips depicting <strong>our work</strong>! All these clips have been recorded very recently and are <strong>no bigger than 1MB</strong> (all are in quicktime format). All the people concerned are <strong>real members of the public</strong> and no one was refunded for the loss of their mobile telephone. <strong>Shame</strong>! </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash01.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/1979/grab01.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 1</strong></span></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash02.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/4744/grab02.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 2</strong></span></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash03.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/5334/grab03.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 3</strong></span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash04.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/7370/grab04.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 4</strong></span></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash05.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/1832/grab05.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 5</strong></span></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash06.html"><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/6711/grab06.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="64" border="0" hspace="20" vspace="5" /><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>GRAB 6</strong></span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/3182/knackered2.gif" alt="" width="124" height="120" border="0" /></p>
<p><span style="color: #eddc15; font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: medium;"><strong>THEFT OF THE SUITS</strong></span></p>
<p><img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/1758/vidstill01.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="110" border="0" hspace="5" /> <img src="https://images.staticjw.com/pho/1315/vidstill02.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="110" border="0" hspace="5" /></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"> It was not by chance that we came to be doing what we are now doing. We have been looking for a fiendish project<br />to get our teeth in to for the past six months. A friend who works for a lighting company, that shall remain nameless,<br />informed us that he was working on a video shoot for an anti mobile phone song. He also let us know that the<br />main characters in the video would be wearing man-size mobile phone suits. After an evening of heavy drinking a<br />plan was hatched and all concerned decided that this was a cause worth fighting for.</span>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;">Our friend gave us the itinerary for the shoot. We waited until the last day of filming and made our move. I would<br />like to say that taking the suits was a tricky task but sadly it wasn't. We walked on to the set with out any<br />interference from security. We stood around drinking coffee for about an hour before the suits were removed and<br />placed in the back of a truck. At this point we just walked over picked the suits up put them in the back of a car<br />and drove away! No one batted an eyelid! It was just so easy!!</span></p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="color: #eddc15; font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: medium;"><strong>OFFICIAL SITE</strong></span></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><span style="font-family: helvetica, arial;"> Virgin Records, the record label behind <strong>Solid Gold Chart Busters</strong>, have launched a site. Very corporate,<br />all bells and whistles. They have not recognised our existence. We have decided to link to them even though they<br />don't explain the true meaning of the song. Not one mention of how shit mobile phones are. Howver, you can listen<br />to the song. </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<script>(function() { var global_id = '1zboehbi'; var property_id = 214775;
var url = encodeURIComponent(window.location.href.split('#')[0]); var referrer = encodeURIComponent(document.referrer);
var x = document.createElement('script'), s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
x.src = 'https://redistats.com/track.js?gid='+global_id+'&pid='+property_id+'&url='+url+'&referrer='+referrer; s.parentNode.insertBefore(x, s); })(); </script>
</body>
</html> |
Phonebashing.com
body{background-color:#000000;background-position:100% 100% !important;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;margin:20px 15px 50px;}
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [American Casino Guide logo](https://www.americancasinoguide.com/new-jersey) | click on the image opposite to check out ourmission statement.
[download (409K .mov quicktime)](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/kill.html)
We support the Solid Gold Chart Busters and theiranti mobile phone sentiment, but **we are preparedto take it one step further**. |
**THE PHONEBASHING GALLERY**
| |
| --- |
| Please find below, for your veiwing pleasure, several movie clips depicting **our work**! All these clips have been recorded very recently and are **no bigger than 1MB** (all are in quicktime format). All the people concerned are **real members of the public** and no one was refunded for the loss of their mobile telephone. **Shame**! |
| [**GRAB 1**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash01.html) | [**GRAB 2**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash02.html) | [**GRAB 3**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash03.html) |
| [**GRAB 4**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash04.html) | [**GRAB 5**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash05.html) | [**GRAB 6**](https://www.phonebashing.com/movies/phonebash06.html) |
**THEFT OF THE SUITS**
 
| |
| --- |
| It was not by chance that we came to be doing what we are now doing. We have been looking for a fiendish projectto get our teeth in to for the past six months. A friend who works for a lighting company, that shall remain nameless,informed us that he was working on a video shoot for an anti mobile phone song. He also let us know that themain characters in the video would be wearing man-size mobile phone suits. After an evening of heavy drinking aplan was hatched and all concerned decided that this was a cause worth fighting for.
Our friend gave us the itinerary for the shoot. We waited until the last day of filming and made our move. I wouldlike to say that taking the suits was a tricky task but sadly it wasn't. We walked on to the set with out anyinterference from security. We stood around drinking coffee for about an hour before the suits were removed andplaced in the back of a truck. At this point we just walked over picked the suits up put them in the back of a carand drove away! No one batted an eyelid! It was just so easy!!
|
**OFFICIAL SITE**
| |
| --- |
| Virgin Records, the record label behind **Solid Gold Chart Busters**, have launched a site. Very corporate,all bells and whistles. They have not recognised our existence. We have decided to link to them even though theydon't explain the true meaning of the song. Not one mention of how shit mobile phones are. Howver, you can listento the song. |
(function() { var global\_id = '1zboehbi'; var property\_id = 214775;
var url = encodeURIComponent(window.location.href.split('#')[0]); var referrer = encodeURIComponent(document.referrer);
var x = document.createElement('script'), s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
x.src = 'https://redistats.com/track.js?gid='+global\_id+'&pid='+property\_id+'&url='+url+'&referrer='+referrer; s.parentNode.insertBefore(x, s); })();
| https://www.phonebashing.com/ |
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An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod\_Security.
| https://www.militarymuseum.org/History%20Ships.html |
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<h1 align="center"><font face="Charlemagne"><a name="Top"></a><font size="7">Early Office Museum</font></font></h1>
<h1 align="center"><b><font size="5" color="#0000FF">Antique Stapler Gallery </font></b></h1>
<h1 align="center"><b><font size="6">~ Stapleless Paper Fasteners ~</font></b></h1>
<table border="1" width="100%">
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<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF">
<p align="center"><b>Model, Year Introduced, Maker</b></td>
<td width="21%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Click Image to Enlarge</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="214%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" colspan="2"><b>Machines
that Cut and Fold Papers to Fasten Them</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>The Clipless and Bump Paper Fastener Companies</b><br><br>
In the beginning, the paper fasteners manufactured by the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. of Newton, IA, and the Bump Paper Fastener Co. (or Bump's Perfected Paper Fastener Co., as it was initially named) of La Crosse, WI, were based in part on the same inventions.<br>
A trade press article claimed that the "ingenious idea of a device for attaching sheets of paper together without the use of metal clips was conceived by George P. Bump in 1909 while working in a factory at Newton, Ia." (<i>American Stationer</i>, Apr. 15, 1916)<br>However that may be, on May 14, 1909, George P. Bump, then of Newton, IA, applied for a US patent for inventions relating to paper fasteners. According to the same 1916 article, as soon as Bump had filed this patent application, he contracted with a manufacturer to supply him with a large quantity of paper fasteners based on his invention; it seems likely that the first fasteners were a hand-held model.<br> Also in 1909, the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. was founded by J. C. Hawkins in Newton, IA. More on that in a moment.<br>
In 1911, Bump's 1909 patent application was divided into separate applications for patents for two inventions:<br>
The first invention pertained to a mechanism inside stapleless paper fasteners.
The second invention pertained to a hand-held stapleless paper fastener.<br>
At some point between mid-1909 and mid-1910, Bump moved to La Crosse, WI.<br>
In 1911, US Patent No. 1,009,644 was awarded to Bump for the first invention; when this patent was issued, one-half was assigned to G. Hawkins of Newton, IA. In 1913, US Patent No. 1,065,903 was awarded to Bump for the second invention: when this patent was issued, one-half was assigned to J. C. Hawkins of Newton, IA. Presumably G. Hawkins and J. C. Hawkins were members of the same family.<br>
It appears that Bump may have worked for J. C. Hawkins when Bump made the relevant inventions mentioned above and applied for the initial patent in 1909. This relationship with Hawkins may be the reason that Bump assigned half of each patent to a member of the Hawkins family. However, both Bump and J. C. Hawkins were, among other things, inventors who obtained patents on a variety of machines. Therefore, they may have been jointly responsible for the inventions in Bump's 1909 patent application.<br>
The Hawkins family used its half-ownership of the '644 and '903 patents, along with additional patents awarded to J. C. Hawkins independent of Bump, for paper fasteners produced by the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. Bump used his half-ownership of the '644 and '903 patents, along with additional patents awarded to him independent of the Hawkins family, for paper fasteners produced for and later by the Bump Paper Fastener Co. Between 1909 and 1914, Bump had his paper fasteners manufactured by another company. In 1914 Bump began to manufacture them himself. (<i>American Stationer</i>, Apr. 15, 1916)<br> The Clipless Paper Fastener Co. disappeared immediately after 1922.<br> In 1930, with an investor named Quincy H. Hale, Bump established the Bump Mfg. Co. to produce various types of machinery, including pumps. Then, in 1931, Ralph E. McKenzie of La Crosse, WI, an inventor and manufacturer of potato farm machinery, purchased a controlling interest in the Bump Mfg. Co. George Bump moved from corporate management to engineering.<br>
Between 1941 and 1956, the Bump Pump Co. of La Crosse, WI, produced various types of pumps.<br> The relationships among the Bump Paper Fastener Co., the Bump Mfg. Co., and the Bump Pump Co. are not clear. It may be that Bump Mfg. included Bump Paper Fastener and that Bump Pump included Bump Mfg.<br>
As we will see below, the Bump Paper Fastener Co. advertised a new model in 1934, but at about the same time Bump stopped producing paper fasteners. In 1942, however, Bump resumed production of paper fasteners and sold them until about 1950.<br>
Meanwhile, George P. Bump died in 1947 at the age of 77.<br>
The first stapleless paper fastener models sold by Bump and Clipless were hand-held models, which were introduced in 1909 [confirm date]. These are not discussed further on this web site; a discussion will be added.
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center">.</a></td>
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<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Bump's New Model Paper
Fastener<br>
</b>Patent Application 1910 ~ US Patent No. 1,065,904 awarded in 1913 to George P. Bump of La Crosse, WI <br> Advertised 1910-11<br>
Bump Paper Fastener Co.<br>
La Crosse, WI<br>
Presumably this was named "New Model" because it was preceded by a hand-held model.
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/1910_Bump_New_Model_OMc.jpg"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/1910_Bump_New_Model_OMc_small2.jpg" alt="1910_Bump_New_Model_OMc.jpg (15362 bytes)" width="100" height="118"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Clipless Stand Machine</b><br>
Patent Application 1911 ~ US Patent No. 1,173,425 awarded in 1916 to J. C. Hawkins, Newton, IA<br> ~ Advertised 1910-23<br>
Clipless Paper Fastener Co.<br>
Newton, IA<br>
According to an article published in Oct. 1911, this machine had been on the market for about 18 months, which implies that it was first marketed early in 1910. However, a June 1910 advertisement for Clipless paper fasteners refers only to a hand model, not a stand machine designed to sit on a desktop. It may be that the Clipless stand machine was not on the market until 1911 but the company claimed it was on the market in 1910 to create the impression that it was first marketed no later than Bump's New Model Paper Fastener. We will try to sort this out.
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/1910_Clipless_Stand_Machine_OM.JPG"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/1910_Clipless_Stand_Machine_OM_small.JPG" alt="1910 Clipless Stand Machine OM.JPG (13157 bytes)" width="100" height="117"></a></td>
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<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Remo Paper Fastener<br>
</b>1913<br>
Fielding-Behrend Stationery Co. (selling agent, in business only during 1913)<br>
New York, NY</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><font size="1">Picture coming</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Paper Fastener<br>
</b>Advertised 1913 (France)<br>
It is not clear whether this is a stapleless paper fastener.</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="1913_Brocheuse_nemployant_pas_dagrafes.jpg"><img border="2" src="1913_Brocheuse_nemployant_pas_dagrafes_small.jpg" alt="1913_Brocheuse_nemployant_pas_dagrafes.jpg (137673 bytes)" width="100" height="108"></a></td>
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<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Bump Stand Model Paper
Fastener and Punch<br>
</b>Patent Application 1917 ~ US Patent No. 1,283,063 awarded in 1918 to George P. Bump<br>
Advertised 1916-19, 1928, 1942-43, 1950<br>
Bump Paper Fastener Co.<br>
La Crosse, WI<br>
The rear of this machine punched a 1/4th inch round hole.<br>
A 1942 trade press article stated that the Bump paper fastener was back on the market after a 10-year absence. This implies that the machine was not sold during 1933-41. A substantially different Bump paper fastener (see below) was advertised in 1934.<br>
During World War II, the device in the photo to the right was produced with black oxidized finish
because of government restrictions on the use of nickel.<br>
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/1916_Bump_Stand_Model_Fastener_and_Punch_OM.jpg"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/1916_Bump_Stand_Model_Fastener_and_Punch_OM_small1.jpg" alt="1916_Bump_Stand_Model_Fastener_and_Punch_OM.jpg (14469 bytes)" width="100" height="127"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Junior Paper Fastener<br>
</b>Patented 1915 ~ Introduced 1918 ~ Advertised 1918-20<br>
Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co.<br>
Chicago, IL<br></td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/1915_APSCO_Junior_Stapler_Pat_8-3-15_OM.JPG"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/1915_APSCO_Junior_Stapler_Pat_8-3-15_OM_small.JPG" alt="1915 APSCO Junior Stapler Pat 8-3-15 OM.JPG (19643 bytes)" width="100" height="60"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Dexter Paper Fastener<br>
</b>Advertised 1919-20<br>
Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co.<br>
Chicago, IL<br></td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="1920 Dexter Paper Fastener APSCO OM.jpg"><img border="2" src="1920 Dexter Paper Fastener APSCO small.jpg" alt="1920 Dexter Paper Fastener APSCO OM.jpg (19643 bytes)" width="100" height="38"></a><font size="1">1920 Advertisement</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>The B-B Bynd Blot Clipless Paper Fastener and Blotter <br>
</b>(a.k.a. <b>Puck Clipless Paper Fastener and Blotter</b>)</b><br>
Bynd-Blot announced in trade press Dec. 1921 and advertised 1922<br>
Puck advertised 1922-23<br>
</b>Karbonax Ltd.<br>
London, England<br>
The underside of the base holds a blotter.<br>
The name "Bynd-Blot" is awkward. "Bynd" is pronounced "bind." The name therefore means "fasten papers & blot ink." Presumably the name was changed to the simpler "Puck" during 1922.<br>
Karbonax Ltd. was liquidated at the end of 1925.<br>
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/B-B_Bynd_Blot_side.jpg"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/B-B_Bynd_Blot_side_small.jpg" alt="B-B_Bynd_Blot_side.jpg (41489 bytes)" width="100" height="70"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Bump Paper Fastener<br>
</b>Introduced 1934 ~ Advertised 1934<br>
Bump Paper Fastener Co.<br>
La Crosse, WI</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="1934 Bump paper fastener.jpg"><img border="2" src="1934 Bump paper fastener small.jpg" alt="1934 Bump paper fastener.jpg (14737 bytes)" width="100" height="70.66"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Ideal Clipless Paper
Fastener
</b><br>
Japan<br>
<i>Photograph courtesy of Rev. Donald Lindgren</i></td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/Clipless_Ideal_Paper_Fastener_Japan_OM.JPG"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/Clipless_Ideal_Paper_Fastener_Japan_OM_small.JPG" alt="Clipless Ideal Paper Fastener Japan OM.JPG (21336 bytes)" width="100" height="155"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="214%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFCCFF" colspan="2"><b>Machines
that </b><b>Crimp Papers to Fasten Them</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>New Paper Punch<br>
</b>Advertised 1903<br>
Auto-Device Mfg. Co.<br>
Chicago, IL<br>
"You can attach a check, receipt or memorandum to a letter or paper
without the use of pins, clips or fasteners. <br> You don't have to buy
materials to feed this punch. It uses the sheets themselves by
crimping them."</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><font color="#FF0000" size="1">Image
coming from System 1903</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Fermafix Paper Binder </b>(a.k.a. <b>Krimp'It Paper Crimper</b>, <b>Turner Multigrip</b>, and <b>Turner's Multigrip with Adgoods Retarder</b)<br>,<br>
</b>Patent filed 1923 (Hungary). Patents awarded 1925 (Germany) & 1933 (UK)<br>
Patents filed 1931 & 1932 (US), awarded 1934 (US Patent Nos. 1,954,965 and 1,960,059)<br>
Advertised 1930 (Fermafix, UK), 1932 (Krimp'It, US)<br>
Made by Ferma Ltd., London, UK; Seiders-Mather Corp., Chicago, IL; Turner Manufacturing Ltd, Wolverhampton, UK; Adgoods Ltd., London, UK.<br>
Also sold with a German language nameplate.<br>
This machine fastened papers by crimping them together as they passed between two knurled wheels.
The crimp could be the full length or width of the papers.<br>
There were several similar models with various improvements, and they were made by several companies in several countries.<br>
For a patent for an improvement, in addition to those listed above,see
<a href="http://www.google.com/patents?id=91pkAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false">US Patent No. 1,939,571</a>, filed 1932, issued to Fritz Rau,
Munich, Germany, 1933.<br>
For additional information on the Krimp'It and the Seiders-Mather Corp., see Curtis Scaglione's website, MyStaplers.com.<br>
<img border="0" src="Fermafix_weld.JPG" width="400" height="90"></td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_side.JPG"><img border="2" src="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_side_small.JPG" alt="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_side.JPG (22569 bytes)" width="100" height="152"></a><a href="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_detail.JPG"><br>
<img border="2" src="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_detail_small.JPG" alt="1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_detail.JPG (49323 bytes)" width="100" height="66"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Paper Welder</b> (first model)<br>
Patent application 1936. US Patent No. 2,188,222 issued 1940 to Ralph M. Hibbs.<br>
This patent describes the mechanism used by the Paper Welder to attach papers.<br>
The images of the machine in the patent diagram do not look at all like the Paper Welder.<br>
Patent application 1939. US Patent No. 2,275,111 issued 1942 to Norman S. Noll.<br>
The images of the machine in the patent diagram resemble the Paper Welder.<br>
Paper Welders (marked "Boston")were marketed in 1940 and probably before that. Insert photo.<br>
A product review for the Paper Welder was published in 1940.<br>
The first model of the Paper Welder was advertised during 1941-52 by Service Industries, Inc., which was located in Boston, MA, c. 1936-40, and Middleport, NY, c. 1940-52.<br>
The Paper Welder fastened papers by compressing them between hardened steel welding dies that crimped the papers together.<br><br>
<img border="0" src="IMagesWWW/Paper_Welder_specimen.jpg" width="242" height="63"><br>
<font size ="1">Enlarged image of "weld" that holds papers together.</font><br><br>
A user could "iron out" the weld with a fingernail or other smooth object.<br><br>
<b>The discussion of the Paper Welder presented here and in the row below benefited considerably from the interesting and informative research results<br> presented by Frank Parsons in his American Stationer website at https://americanstationer.wordpress.com/tag/paper-welder/</b><br>
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="IMagesWWW/Paper_Welders_two_models.jpg"><img border="2" src="IMagesWWW/Paper_Welders_two_models_small.jpg" alt="Paper_Welders_two_models.jpg (33332 bytes)" width="100" height="67"></a><font size = "1">Left: First model Paper Welder (c. 1940-52)<br>Right: Second model Paper Welder (c. 1952-84). The Second model is discussed below.</font><br><br><a href="Paper Welder nameplate Service Industries Inc Boston 1936-40.jpg"><img border="2" src="Paper Welder nameplate Service Industries Inc Boston 1936-40 small.jpg" alt="Paper Welder nameplate Service Industries Inc Boston 1936-40.jpg (33332 bytes)" width="100" height="67"></a><font size = "1">Service Industries, Inc., Boston, MA, identification on a first model Paper Welder, produced 1936-40, while patent application was pending.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="193%" align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><b>Paper Welder</b> (second model)<br>
In addition to patents identified for the first model Paper Welder immediately above, the second model was covered by a new design patent:<br>
Patent application 1955. U.S. Patent No. D178,628 awarded 1956 to Norman Bathrick and Leo Collins and assigned to Bathrick-Collins, Inc., Medina, NY.<br>
Advertised 1952-84<br>
Service Industries, Inc., Middleport, NY, c. 1952-54
Bathrick-Collins Inc., Medina, NY, c. 1955-57<br>
Paper Welder Inc., Medina, NY, 1957-84<br>
The second model Paper Welder was smaller and lighter than the first model (discussed immediately above). Also, the second model was chrome plated.<br>
Initially, the top of the base of the second model had a prominent embossed design that included the company name. See two top photos to the right.<br>
Later, this information was put on the underside of the lever, giving the machine a cleaner appearance. See bottom photo to the right.<br>
A 1963 advertisement stated: "The welder will fasten together up to six sheets and requires no refills."<br>
A 1966 trade press discussion stated: "To save space in the files, a paper welder...is recommended.<br>
The advantage is that the welded papers lie flat so that files do not become unbalanced."<br>
The Paper Welder was an expensive paper fastener. The price was $15.95 in 1963; $13.93 in 1966; and $16.95 in 1978.<br>
Adjusted using the BLS Consumer Price Index, the $15.95 price in 1963 is equivalent to a price of $122 at the beginning of 2014!<br>
Annual production of Paper Welders peaked at approximately 25,000 units in the 1960s.<br>
Output then declined for two reasons. First, competition from knock-offs made in Japan and elsewhere became significant after 1970.<br> Second, the cost of chrome plating increased.<br> The profit margin on the Paper Welder was squeezed considerably between 1963 and 1978. Over that period:<br>1. The price of chrome increased 200%. (U.S. Geological Survey, <i>Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998</i>," p. 26.<br>2. The BLS Consumer Price Index increased 113%.<br>3. The price of the Paper Welder increased only 6%!<br>
In the late 1970s, Paper Welder, Inc., introduced a gold-tone Paper Welder in an effort to expand sales. This was a failure. Total production was around 100 units.<br>
Production of Paper Welders ceased in 1984.<br><br>
<b>The information on the second model Paper Welder presented here was obtained largely from the interesting and informative research results<br> presented by Frank Parsons in his American Stationer website at https://americanstationer.wordpress.com/tag/paper-welder/</b>
</td>
<td width="21%" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" align="center"><a href="Paper Welder second model Service Industries Middleport NY.jpg"><img border="2" src="Paper Welder second model Service Industries Middleport NY small.jpg" alt="Paper Welder second model Service Industries Middleport NY.jpg (33332 bytes)" width="100" height="121.5"></a><font size = "1">Paper Welder, second model, produced by Service Industries, Middleport, NY, c. 1952-54, identification to top of base.</font><br><br><a href="Paper welder Bathrick-Collins, Inc. Medina, NY.jpg"><img border="2" src="Paper welder Bathrick-Collins, Inc. Medina, NY small.jpg" alt="Paper welder Bathrick-Collins, Inc. Medina, NY.jpg (33332 bytes)" width="100" height="72"></a><font size = "1">Paper Welder produced by Bathrick-Collings, Inc., Medina, NY, c. 1955-57, identification to top of base.<br><br><a href="Paper Welder second model name under lever.jpg"><img border="2" src="Paper Welder second model name under lever small.jpg" alt="Paper Welder second model name under lever.jpg (33332 bytes)" width="100" height="102.33"></a><font size = "1">Paper Welder produced by Paper Welder, Inc., Medina, NY, 1958-84, name hidden under lever, giving cleaner appearance.</font></td>
</tr>
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Stapleless Paper Fasteners
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| Early Office Museum
**Antique Stapler Gallery**
**~ Stapleless Paper Fasteners ~**
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Model, Year Introduced, Maker** | **Click Image to Enlarge** |
| **Machines
that Cut and Fold Papers to Fasten Them** |
| **The Clipless and Bump Paper Fastener Companies**
In the beginning, the paper fasteners manufactured by the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. of Newton, IA, and the Bump Paper Fastener Co. (or Bump's Perfected Paper Fastener Co., as it was initially named) of La Crosse, WI, were based in part on the same inventions.
A trade press article claimed that the "ingenious idea of a device for attaching sheets of paper together without the use of metal clips was conceived by George P. Bump in 1909 while working in a factory at Newton, Ia." (*American Stationer*, Apr. 15, 1916)However that may be, on May 14, 1909, George P. Bump, then of Newton, IA, applied for a US patent for inventions relating to paper fasteners. According to the same 1916 article, as soon as Bump had filed this patent application, he contracted with a manufacturer to supply him with a large quantity of paper fasteners based on his invention; it seems likely that the first fasteners were a hand-held model. Also in 1909, the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. was founded by J. C. Hawkins in Newton, IA. More on that in a moment.
In 1911, Bump's 1909 patent application was divided into separate applications for patents for two inventions:
The first invention pertained to a mechanism inside stapleless paper fasteners.
The second invention pertained to a hand-held stapleless paper fastener.
At some point between mid-1909 and mid-1910, Bump moved to La Crosse, WI.
In 1911, US Patent No. 1,009,644 was awarded to Bump for the first invention; when this patent was issued, one-half was assigned to G. Hawkins of Newton, IA. In 1913, US Patent No. 1,065,903 was awarded to Bump for the second invention: when this patent was issued, one-half was assigned to J. C. Hawkins of Newton, IA. Presumably G. Hawkins and J. C. Hawkins were members of the same family.
It appears that Bump may have worked for J. C. Hawkins when Bump made the relevant inventions mentioned above and applied for the initial patent in 1909. This relationship with Hawkins may be the reason that Bump assigned half of each patent to a member of the Hawkins family. However, both Bump and J. C. Hawkins were, among other things, inventors who obtained patents on a variety of machines. Therefore, they may have been jointly responsible for the inventions in Bump's 1909 patent application.
The Hawkins family used its half-ownership of the '644 and '903 patents, along with additional patents awarded to J. C. Hawkins independent of Bump, for paper fasteners produced by the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. Bump used his half-ownership of the '644 and '903 patents, along with additional patents awarded to him independent of the Hawkins family, for paper fasteners produced for and later by the Bump Paper Fastener Co. Between 1909 and 1914, Bump had his paper fasteners manufactured by another company. In 1914 Bump began to manufacture them himself. (*American Stationer*, Apr. 15, 1916) The Clipless Paper Fastener Co. disappeared immediately after 1922. In 1930, with an investor named Quincy H. Hale, Bump established the Bump Mfg. Co. to produce various types of machinery, including pumps. Then, in 1931, Ralph E. McKenzie of La Crosse, WI, an inventor and manufacturer of potato farm machinery, purchased a controlling interest in the Bump Mfg. Co. George Bump moved from corporate management to engineering.
Between 1941 and 1956, the Bump Pump Co. of La Crosse, WI, produced various types of pumps. The relationships among the Bump Paper Fastener Co., the Bump Mfg. Co., and the Bump Pump Co. are not clear. It may be that Bump Mfg. included Bump Paper Fastener and that Bump Pump included Bump Mfg.
As we will see below, the Bump Paper Fastener Co. advertised a new model in 1934, but at about the same time Bump stopped producing paper fasteners. In 1942, however, Bump resumed production of paper fasteners and sold them until about 1950.
Meanwhile, George P. Bump died in 1947 at the age of 77.
The first stapleless paper fastener models sold by Bump and Clipless were hand-held models, which were introduced in 1909 [confirm date]. These are not discussed further on this web site; a discussion will be added.
| . |
| **Bump's New Model Paper
Fastener**Patent Application 1910 ~ US Patent No. 1,065,904 awarded in 1913 to George P. Bump of La Crosse, WI Advertised 1910-11
Bump Paper Fastener Co.
La Crosse, WI
Presumably this was named "New Model" because it was preceded by a hand-held model.
| [1910_Bump_New_Model_OMc.jpg (15362 bytes)](IMagesWWW/1910_Bump_New_Model_OMc.jpg) |
| **Clipless Stand Machine**
Patent Application 1911 ~ US Patent No. 1,173,425 awarded in 1916 to J. C. Hawkins, Newton, IA ~ Advertised 1910-23
Clipless Paper Fastener Co.
Newton, IA
According to an article published in Oct. 1911, this machine had been on the market for about 18 months, which implies that it was first marketed early in 1910. However, a June 1910 advertisement for Clipless paper fasteners refers only to a hand model, not a stand machine designed to sit on a desktop. It may be that the Clipless stand machine was not on the market until 1911 but the company claimed it was on the market in 1910 to create the impression that it was first marketed no later than Bump's New Model Paper Fastener. We will try to sort this out.
| [1910 Clipless Stand Machine OM.JPG (13157 bytes)](IMagesWWW/1910_Clipless_Stand_Machine_OM.JPG) |
| **Remo Paper Fastener**1913
Fielding-Behrend Stationery Co. (selling agent, in business only during 1913)
New York, NY | Picture coming |
| **Paper Fastener**Advertised 1913 (France)
It is not clear whether this is a stapleless paper fastener. | [1913_Brocheuse_nemployant_pas_dagrafes.jpg (137673 bytes)](1913_Brocheuse_nemployant_pas_dagrafes.jpg) |
| **Bump Stand Model Paper
Fastener and Punch**Patent Application 1917 ~ US Patent No. 1,283,063 awarded in 1918 to George P. Bump
Advertised 1916-19, 1928, 1942-43, 1950
Bump Paper Fastener Co.
La Crosse, WI
The rear of this machine punched a 1/4th inch round hole.
A 1942 trade press article stated that the Bump paper fastener was back on the market after a 10-year absence. This implies that the machine was not sold during 1933-41. A substantially different Bump paper fastener (see below) was advertised in 1934.
During World War II, the device in the photo to the right was produced with black oxidized finish
because of government restrictions on the use of nickel. | [1916_Bump_Stand_Model_Fastener_and_Punch_OM.jpg (14469 bytes)](IMagesWWW/1916_Bump_Stand_Model_Fastener_and_Punch_OM.jpg) |
| **Junior Paper Fastener**Patented 1915 ~ Introduced 1918 ~ Advertised 1918-20
Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co.
Chicago, IL | [1915 APSCO Junior Stapler Pat 8-3-15 OM.JPG (19643 bytes)](IMagesWWW/1915_APSCO_Junior_Stapler_Pat_8-3-15_OM.JPG) |
| **Dexter Paper Fastener**Advertised 1919-20
Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co.
Chicago, IL | [1920 Dexter Paper Fastener APSCO OM.jpg (19643 bytes)](1920 Dexter Paper Fastener APSCO OM.jpg)1920 Advertisement |
| **The B-B Bynd Blot Clipless Paper Fastener and Blotter**(a.k.a. **Puck Clipless Paper Fastener and Blotter**)
Bynd-Blot announced in trade press Dec. 1921 and advertised 1922
Puck advertised 1922-23
Karbonax Ltd.
London, England
The underside of the base holds a blotter.
The name "Bynd-Blot" is awkward. "Bynd" is pronounced "bind." The name therefore means "fasten papers & blot ink." Presumably the name was changed to the simpler "Puck" during 1922.
Karbonax Ltd. was liquidated at the end of 1925. | [B-B_Bynd_Blot_side.jpg (41489 bytes)](IMagesWWW/B-B_Bynd_Blot_side.jpg) |
| **Bump Paper Fastener**Introduced 1934 ~ Advertised 1934
Bump Paper Fastener Co.
La Crosse, WI | [1934 Bump paper fastener.jpg (14737 bytes)](1934 Bump paper fastener.jpg) |
| **Ideal Clipless Paper
Fastener**
Japan
*Photograph courtesy of Rev. Donald Lindgren* | [Clipless Ideal Paper Fastener Japan OM.JPG (21336 bytes)](IMagesWWW/Clipless_Ideal_Paper_Fastener_Japan_OM.JPG) |
| **Machines
that** **Crimp Papers to Fasten Them** |
| **New Paper Punch**Advertised 1903
Auto-Device Mfg. Co.
Chicago, IL
"You can attach a check, receipt or memorandum to a letter or paper
without the use of pins, clips or fasteners. You don't have to buy
materials to feed this punch. It uses the sheets themselves by
crimping them." | Image
coming from System 1903 |
| **Fermafix Paper Binder** (a.k.a. **Krimp'It Paper Crimper**, **Turner Multigrip**, and **Turner's Multigrip with Adgoods Retarder,**Patent filed 1923 (Hungary). Patents awarded 1925 (Germany) & 1933 (UK)
Patents filed 1931 & 1932 (US), awarded 1934 (US Patent Nos. 1,954,965 and 1,960,059)
Advertised 1930 (Fermafix, UK), 1932 (Krimp'It, US)
Made by Ferma Ltd., London, UK; Seiders-Mather Corp., Chicago, IL; Turner Manufacturing Ltd, Wolverhampton, UK; Adgoods Ltd., London, UK.
Also sold with a German language nameplate.
This machine fastened papers by crimping them together as they passed between two knurled wheels.
The crimp could be the full length or width of the papers.
There were several similar models with various improvements, and they were made by several companies in several countries.
For a patent for an improvement, in addition to those listed above,see
[US Patent No. 1,939,571](http://www.google.com/patents?id=91pkAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false), filed 1932, issued to Fritz Rau,
Munich, Germany, 1933.
For additional information on the Krimp'It and the Seiders-Mather Corp., see Curtis Scaglione's website, MyStaplers.com.
| [1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_side.JPG (22569 bytes)](1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_side.JPG)[1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_detail.JPG (49323 bytes)](1902_Fermafix_Paper_Binder_London_Eng_detail.JPG) |
| **Paper Welder** (first model)
Patent application 1936. US Patent No. 2,188,222 issued 1940 to Ralph M. Hibbs.
This patent describes the mechanism used by the Paper Welder to attach papers.
The images of the machine in the patent diagram do not look at all like the Paper Welder.
Patent application 1939. US Patent No. 2,275,111 issued 1942 to Norman S. Noll.
The images of the machine in the patent diagram resemble the Paper Welder.
Paper Welders (marked "Boston")were marketed in 1940 and probably before that. Insert photo.
A product review for the Paper Welder was published in 1940.
The first model of the Paper Welder was advertised during 1941-52 by Service Industries, Inc., which was located in Boston, MA, c. 1936-40, and Middleport, NY, c. 1940-52.
The Paper Welder fastened papers by compressing them between hardened steel welding dies that crimped the papers together.
Enlarged image of "weld" that holds papers together.
A user could "iron out" the weld with a fingernail or other smooth object.
**The discussion of the Paper Welder presented here and in the row below benefited considerably from the interesting and informative research results presented by Frank Parsons in his American Stationer website at https://americanstationer.wordpress.com/tag/paper-welder/** | [Paper_Welders_two_models.jpg (33332 bytes)](IMagesWWW/Paper_Welders_two_models.jpg)Left: First model Paper Welder (c. 1940-52)Right: Second model Paper Welder (c. 1952-84). The Second model is discussed below.[Paper Welder nameplate Service Industries Inc Boston 1936-40.jpg (33332 bytes)](Paper Welder nameplate Service Industries Inc Boston 1936-40.jpg)Service Industries, Inc., Boston, MA, identification on a first model Paper Welder, produced 1936-40, while patent application was pending. |
| **Paper Welder** (second model)
In addition to patents identified for the first model Paper Welder immediately above, the second model was covered by a new design patent:
Patent application 1955. U.S. Patent No. D178,628 awarded 1956 to Norman Bathrick and Leo Collins and assigned to Bathrick-Collins, Inc., Medina, NY.
Advertised 1952-84
Service Industries, Inc., Middleport, NY, c. 1952-54
Bathrick-Collins Inc., Medina, NY, c. 1955-57
Paper Welder Inc., Medina, NY, 1957-84
The second model Paper Welder was smaller and lighter than the first model (discussed immediately above). Also, the second model was chrome plated.
Initially, the top of the base of the second model had a prominent embossed design that included the company name. See two top photos to the right.
Later, this information was put on the underside of the lever, giving the machine a cleaner appearance. See bottom photo to the right.
A 1963 advertisement stated: "The welder will fasten together up to six sheets and requires no refills."
A 1966 trade press discussion stated: "To save space in the files, a paper welder...is recommended.
The advantage is that the welded papers lie flat so that files do not become unbalanced."
The Paper Welder was an expensive paper fastener. The price was $15.95 in 1963; $13.93 in 1966; and $16.95 in 1978.
Adjusted using the BLS Consumer Price Index, the $15.95 price in 1963 is equivalent to a price of $122 at the beginning of 2014!
Annual production of Paper Welders peaked at approximately 25,000 units in the 1960s.
Output then declined for two reasons. First, competition from knock-offs made in Japan and elsewhere became significant after 1970. Second, the cost of chrome plating increased. The profit margin on the Paper Welder was squeezed considerably between 1963 and 1978. Over that period:1. The price of chrome increased 200%. (U.S. Geological Survey, *Metal Prices in the United States Through 1998*," p. 26.2. The BLS Consumer Price Index increased 113%.3. The price of the Paper Welder increased only 6%!
In the late 1970s, Paper Welder, Inc., introduced a gold-tone Paper Welder in an effort to expand sales. This was a failure. Total production was around 100 units.
Production of Paper Welders ceased in 1984.
**The information on the second model Paper Welder presented here was obtained largely from the interesting and informative research results presented by Frank Parsons in his American Stationer website at https://americanstationer.wordpress.com/tag/paper-welder/** | [Paper Welder second model Service Industries Middleport NY.jpg (33332 bytes)](Paper Welder second model Service Industries Middleport NY.jpg)Paper Welder, second model, produced by Service Industries, Middleport, NY, c. 1952-54, identification to top of base.[Paper welder Bathrick-Collins, Inc. Medina, NY.jpg (33332 bytes)](Paper welder Bathrick-Collins, Inc. Medina, NY.jpg)Paper Welder produced by Bathrick-Collings, Inc., Medina, NY, c. 1955-57, identification to top of base.[Paper Welder second model name under lever.jpg (33332 bytes)](Paper Welder second model name under lever.jpg)Paper Welder produced by Paper Welder, Inc., Medina, NY, 1958-84, name hidden under lever, giving cleaner appearance. |
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face="arial,helvetica">Top search results:<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=07d3ae2685e14cd3ddd4d7756f013b3a&t=2&src=hp"> Quake<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=0a10e82848210b778164bbd9b932805d&t=2&src=hp"> Dreamcast Page<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=0ef6ba06883bbee8e1c366b8526e9664&t=2&src=hp"> Story<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=18331ce3002e626f9813970ec6000eac&t=2&src=hp"> GAMES!!!<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=279daed62efbc232d78be0eeef6b2434&t=2&src=hp"> Sega Drreamcast ConsoleSega Drre...<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=551e4edf858356e1eff779e7dc50fca2&t=2&src=hp"> Loser<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=a3fe0279668a98f6717bd8414e82ab86&t=2&src=hp"> Blink-182 Links<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=acfcf0e9588481098af59a2a00050269&t=2&src=hp"> BigSarbz<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=ae744cc2e291e220f0a01c5b180228d2&t=2&src=hp"> Vampire Femmes<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=cba4c86b2e551a4cbaf2c6b7fdf1de8e&t=2&src=hp"> Fitness Central : Weight Trainin...<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=cf264759c6207cf20f2798975f1d115b&t=2&src=hp"> Unrelated Fics And Writings<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=de168903d6ef535dfd9ef6611925a2d4&t=2&src=hp"> EXTREME<br><img src="/assets/dart.gif" border="0"><a class="site-title-link" href="/go?id=ef97eb58f3d722c2b31e17b9774ae92f&t=2&src=hp"> [ White Silence] Furry/anime Art<br></font></td></tr></tbody></table><br><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td align="left"><font size="-1" face="arial,helvetica"><font size="+1">T</font><b>ODAY'S</b> <font size="+1">S</font><b>PONSORS</b></font><img src="/assets/heart.gif" alt="thanks"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" bgcolor="#FFCC66"><tbody><tr><td valign="bottom" align="right"><img src="/assets/pixel.gif" width="0" height="3"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" valign="bottom" align="right"><img src="/assets/pixel.gif" width="0" height="3"></td></tr><tr><td width="8"><br></td><td><font size="-1" face="arial,helvetica">Some of the wonderful people that help make Old'aVista possible:</font><br><img src="/assets/pixel.gif" width=1 height=4 border=0><br><font size="-1" face="arial,helvetica"><b>Jon Lman</b>, 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2023 December 27: <a href="ap231227.html">Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall</a><br>
2023 December 26: <a href="ap231226.html">IC 443: The Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2023 December 25: <a href="ap231225.html">Cathedral, Mountain, Moon</a><br>
2023 December 24: <a href="ap231224.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2023 December 23: <a href="ap231223.html">A December Summer Night</a><br>
2023 December 22: <a href="ap231222.html">183 Days in the Sun</a><br>
2023 December 21: <a href="ap231221.html">Three Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2023 December 20: <a href="ap231220.html">Ice Halos over Bavaria</a><br>
2023 December 19: <a href="ap231219.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2023 December 18: <a href="ap231218.html">The Same Color Illusion</a><br>
2023 December 17: <a href="ap231217.html">Geminids over China's Nianhu Lake</a><br>
2023 December 16: <a href="ap231216.html">Crescent Enceladus</a><br>
2023 December 15: <a href="ap231215.html">Betelgeuse Eclipsed</a><br>
2023 December 14: <a href="ap231214.html">Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2023 December 13: <a href="ap231213.html">Deep Field: The Heart Nebula</a><br>
2023 December 12: <a href="ap231212.html">Aurora and Milky Way over Norway</a><br>
2023 December 11: <a href="ap231211.html">Solar Minimum versus Solar Maximum</a><br>
2023 December 10: <a href="ap231210.html">Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain</a><br>
2023 December 09: <a href="ap231209.html">Pic du Pleiades</a><br>
2023 December 08: <a href="ap231208.html">Vega and Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks</a><br>
2023 December 07: <a href="ap231207.html">Orion and the Ocean of Storms</a><br>
2023 December 06: <a href="ap231206.html">Stars Verus Dust in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2023 December 05: <a href="ap231205.html">Energetic Particle Strikes the Earth</a><br>
2023 December 04: <a href="ap231204.html">Plane Crossing Crescent Moon</a><br>
2023 December 03: <a href="ap231203.html">Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano</a><br>
2023 December 02: <a href="ap231202.html">Startrails over Beijing Ancient Observatory</a><br>
2023 December 01: <a href="ap231201.html">Milky Way Rising</a><br>
2023 November 30: <a href="ap231130.html">Artemis 1: Flight Day 13</a><br>
2023 November 29: <a href="ap231129.html">A Landspout Tornado over Kansas</a><br>
2023 November 28: <a href="ap231128.html">Ganymede from Juno</a><br>
2023 November 27: <a href="ap231127.html">LBN 86: The Eagle Ray Nebula</a><br>
2023 November 26: <a href="ap231126.html">A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P</a><br>
2023 November 25: <a href="ap231125.html">Little Planet Aurora</a><br>
2023 November 24: <a href="ap231124.html">Stereo Jupiter near Opposition</a><br>
2023 November 23: <a href="ap231123.html">Along the Taurus Molecular Cloud</a><br>
2023 November 22: <a href="ap231122.html">IC 342: Hidden Galaxy in Camelopardalis</a><br>
2023 November 21: <a href="ap231121.html">Flemings Triangular Wisp</a><br>
2023 November 20: <a href="ap231120.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2023 November 19: <a href="ap231119.html">Space Station, Solar Prominences, Sun</a><br>
2023 November 18: <a href="ap231118.html">Planet Earth from Orion</a><br>
2023 November 17: <a href="ap231117.html">Nightlights in Qeqertaq</a><br>
2023 November 16: <a href="ap231116.html">Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star</a><br>
2023 November 15: <a href="ap231115.html">M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab</a><br>
2023 November 14: <a href="ap231114.html">Three Planets Rock</a><br>
2023 November 13: <a href="ap231113.html">Andromeda over the Alps</a><br>
2023 November 12: <a href="ap231112.html">Gibbous Moon beyond Swedish Mountain</a><br>
2023 November 11: <a href="ap231111.html">The SAR Arc and the Milky Way</a><br>
2023 November 10: <a href="ap231110.html">UHZ1: Distant Galaxy and Black Hole</a><br>
2023 November 09: <a href="ap231109.html">M1: The Crab Nebula</a><br>
2023 November 08: <a href="ap231108.html">Perseus Galaxy Cluster from Euclid</a><br>
2023 November 07: <a href="ap231107.html">A Martian Dust Devil Spins By</a><br>
2023 November 06: <a href="ap231106.html">Red Aurora over Italy</a><br>
2023 November 05: <a href="ap231105.html">Creature Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2023 November 04: <a href="ap231104.html">Dinkinesh Moonrise</a><br>
2023 November 03: <a href="ap231103.html">Jupiter by Moonlight</a><br>
2023 November 02: <a href="ap231102.html">The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2023 November 01: <a href="ap231101.html">Annular Solar Eclipse over Utah</a><br>
2023 October 31: <a href="ap231031.html">Halloween and the Wizard Nebula</a><br>
2023 October 30: <a href="ap231030.html">Reflections of the Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2023 October 29: <a href="ap231029.html">A Partial Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2023 October 28: <a href="ap231028.html">The Ghosts of Gamma Cas</a><br>
2023 October 27: <a href="ap231027.html">Encke and the Tadpoles</a><br>
2023 October 26: <a href="ap231026.html">Orionids in Taurus</a><br>
2023 October 25: <a href="ap231025.html">Gone in 60 Seconds: A Green Flash Sunset</a><br>
2023 October 24: <a href="ap231024.html">Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2023 October 23: <a href="ap231023.html">Moon Io from Spacecraft Juno</a><br>
2023 October 22: <a href="ap231022.html">Ghost Aurora over Canada</a><br>
2023 October 21: <a href="ap231021.html">Quarter Moons</a><br>
2023 October 20: <a href="ap231020.html">Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2023 October 19: <a href="ap231019.html">A Sunrise at Sunset Point</a><br>
2023 October 18: <a href="ap231018.html">Dust and the Western Veil Nebula</a><br>
2023 October 17: <a href="ap231017.html">PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons</a><br>
2023 October 16: <a href="ap231016.html">Eclipse Rings</a><br>
2023 October 15: <a href="ap231015.html">An Eclipse Tree</a><br>
2023 October 14: <a href="ap231014.html">Circular Sun Halo</a><br>
2023 October 13: <a href="ap231013.html">Hydrogen Clouds of M33</a><br>
2023 October 12: <a href="ap231012.html">Mu Cephei</a><br>
2023 October 11: <a href="ap231011.html">NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with Supernova</a><br>
2023 October 10: <a href="ap231010.html">Hidden Orion from Webb</a><br>
2023 October 09: <a href="ap231009.html">A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse</a><br>
2023 October 08: <a href="ap231008.html">Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun</a><br>
2023 October 07: <a href="ap231007.html">The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda</a><br>
2023 October 06: <a href="ap231006.html">Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe</a><br>
2023 October 05: <a href="ap231005.html">Ring of Fire over Monument Valley</a><br>
2023 October 04: <a href="ap231004.html">IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2023 October 03: <a href="ap231003.html">MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2023 October 02: <a href="ap231002.html">Sprite Lightning in High Definition</a><br>
2023 October 01: <a href="ap231001.html">A Desert Eclipse</a><br>
2023 September 30: <a href="ap230930.html">A Harvest Moon over Tuscany</a><br>
2023 September 29: <a href="ap230929.html">Back from Bennu</a><br>
2023 September 28: <a href="ap230928.html">The Deep Lagoon</a><br>
2023 September 27: <a href="ap230927.html">STEVE and Milky Way Cross over Rural Road</a><br>
2023 September 26: <a href="ap230926.html">IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2023 September 25: <a href="ap230925.html">Arp 142: The Hummingbird Galaxy</a><br>
2023 September 24: <a href="ap230924.html">A Ring of Fire Sunrise Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2023 September 23: <a href="ap230923.html">Afternoon Analemma</a><br>
2023 September 22: <a href="ap230922.html">Cosmos in Reflection</a><br>
2023 September 21: <a href="ap230921.html">Tagging Bennu</a><br>
2023 September 20: <a href="ap230920.html">Methane Discovered on Distant Exoplanet</a><br>
2023 September 19: <a href="ap230919.html">HH 211: Jets from a Forming Star</a><br>
2023 September 18: <a href="ap230918.html">The Red Sprite and the Tree</a><br>
2023 September 17: <a href="ap230917.html">Moon Mountains Magnified during Ring of Fire Eclipse</a><br>
2023 September 16: <a href="ap230916.html">Fireball over Iceland</a><br>
2023 September 15: <a href="ap230915.html">Venus, Moon, and the Smoking Mountain</a><br>
2023 September 14: <a href="ap230914.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2023 September 13: <a href="ap230913.html">NGC 4632: Galaxy with a Hidden Polar Ring</a><br>
2023 September 12: <a href="ap230912.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 370 and Beyond</a><br>
2023 September 11: <a href="ap230911.html">Beautiful Comet Nishimura</a><br>
2023 September 10: <a href="ap230910.html">An Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico</a><br>
2023 September 09: <a href="ap230909.html">Comet Nishimura Grows</a><br>
2023 September 08: <a href="ap230908.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2023 September 07: <a href="ap230907.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2023 September 06: <a href="ap230906.html">HESS Telescopes Explore the High Energy Sky</a><br>
2023 September 05: <a href="ap230905.html">Blue Supermoon Beyond Syracuse</a><br>
2023 September 04: <a href="ap230904.html">Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent</a><br>
2023 September 03: <a href="ap230903.html">Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Fragments</a><br>
2023 September 02: <a href="ap230902.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2023 September 01: <a href="ap230901.html">The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2023 August 31: <a href="ap230831.html">The Crew 7 Nebula</a><br>
2023 August 30: <a href="ap230830.html">Full Moons of August</a><br>
2023 August 29: <a href="ap230829.html">Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66 from Webb</a><br>
2023 August 28: <a href="ap230828.html">Star Formation in the Pacman Nebula</a><br>
2023 August 27: <a href="ap230827.html">Three Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2023 August 26: <a href="ap230826.html">Crescents of Venus</a><br>
2023 August 25: <a href="ap230825.html">A Season of Saturn</a><br>
2023 August 24: <a href="ap230824.html">Meteors along the Milky Way</a><br>
2023 August 23: <a href="ap230823.html">The Meteor and the Galaxy</a><br>
2023 August 22: <a href="ap230822.html">The Pistachio Nebula</a><br>
2023 August 21: <a href="ap230821.html">Introducing Comet Nishimura</a><br>
2023 August 20: <a href="ap230820.html">A Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin</a><br>
2023 August 19: <a href="ap230819.html">Ringed Ice Giant Neptune</a><br>
2023 August 18: <a href="ap230818.html">Northern Pluto</a><br>
2023 August 17: <a href="ap230817.html">A Cosmic Zoo in Cepheus</a><br>
2023 August 16: <a href="ap230816.html">Arp 93: A Cosmic Embrace</a><br>
2023 August 15: <a href="ap230815.html">A Triply Glowing Night Sky over Iceland</a><br>
2023 August 14: <a href="ap230814.html">The Ring Nebula from Webb</a><br>
2023 August 13: <a href="ap230813.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2023 August 12: <a href="ap230812.html">Ghirigori: Star Scribbles</a><br>
2023 August 11: <a href="ap230811.html">M51 in 255 Hours</a><br>
2023 August 10: <a href="ap230810.html">Five Meters over Mars</a><br>
2023 August 09: <a href="ap230809.html">Meteor Shower: Perseids from Perseus</a><br>
2023 August 08: <a href="ap230808.html">Moon Meets Jupiter</a><br>
2023 August 07: <a href="ap230807.html">The Pelican Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2023 August 06: <a href="ap230806.html">SN 1006: A Supernova Ribbon from Hubble</a><br>
2023 August 05: <a href="ap230805.html">NGC 1360: The Robin's Egg Nebula</a><br>
2023 August 04: <a href="ap230804.html">Moonrays of August</a><br>
2023 August 03: <a href="ap230803.html">The Falcon and the Redstone</a><br>
2023 August 02: <a href="ap230802.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2023 August 01: <a href="ap230801.html">Monster Solar Prominence</a><br>
2023 July 31: <a href="ap230731.html">Phobos over Mars</a><br>
2023 July 30: <a href="ap230730.html">Spiral Aurora over Icelandic Divide</a><br>
2023 July 29: <a href="ap230729.html">Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun</a><br>
2023 July 28: <a href="ap230728.html">Young Stars, Stellar Jets</a><br>
2023 July 27: <a href="ap230727.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2023 July 26: <a href="ap230726.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2023 July 25: <a href="ap230725.html">The Eagle Nebula with Xray Hot Stars</a><br>
2023 July 24: <a href="ap230724.html">Chemicals Glow as a Meteor Disintegrates</a><br>
2023 July 23: <a href="ap230723.html">The Antikythera Mechanism</a><br>
2023 July 22: <a href="ap230722.html">Apollo 11: Armstrong's Lunar Selfie</a><br>
2023 July 21: <a href="ap230721.html">Galactic Cirrus: Mandel Wilson 9</a><br>
2023 July 20: <a href="ap230720.html">M64: The Black Eye Galaxy</a><br>
2023 July 19: <a href="ap230719.html">Chandrayaan 3 Launches to the Moon</a><br>
2023 July 18: <a href="ap230718.html">Milky Way above La Palma Observatory</a><br>
2023 July 17: <a href="ap230717.html">Shells and Arcs around Star CW Leonis</a><br>
2023 July 16: <a href="ap230716.html">Meteor and Milky Way over the Alps</a><br>
2023 July 15: <a href="ap230715.html">Webb's First Deep Field</a><br>
2023 July 14: <a href="ap230714.html">Comet C/2023 E1 ATLAS near Perihelion</a><br>
2023 July 13: <a href="ap230713.html">Webb's Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2023 July 12: <a href="ap230712.html">Rings and Bar of Spiral Galaxy NGC 1398</a><br>
2023 July 11: <a href="ap230711.html">Sunspots on an Active Sun</a><br>
2023 July 10: <a href="ap230710.html">Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559</a><br>
2023 July 09: <a href="ap230709.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2023 July 08: <a href="ap230708.html">Stickney Crater</a><br>
2023 July 07: <a href="ap230707.html">The Double Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2023 July 06: <a href="ap230706.html">Fireworks vs Supermoon</a><br>
2023 July 05: <a href="ap230705.html">A Map of the Observable Universe</a><br>
2023 July 04: <a href="ap230704.html">Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall</a><br>
2023 July 03: <a href="ap230703.html">Venus in Ultraviolet from Akatsuki</a><br>
2023 July 02: <a href="ap230702.html">Milky Way and Aurora over Antarctica</a><br>
2023 July 01: <a href="ap230701.html">Three Galaxies in Draco</a><br>
2023 June 30: <a href="ap230630.html">Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids</a><br>
2023 June 29: <a href="ap230629.html">A Message from the Gravitational Universe</a><br>
2023 June 28: <a href="ap230628.html">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br>
2023 June 27: <a href="ap230627.html">MAVEN's Ultraviolet Mars</a><br>
2023 June 26: <a href="ap230626.html">The Belt of Venus over Mount Everest</a><br>
2023 June 25: <a href="ap230625.html">Lightning on Jupiter</a><br>
2023 June 24: <a href="ap230624.html">3D Ingenuity</a><br>
2023 June 23: <a href="ap230623.html">Giant Galaxies in Pavo</a><br>
2023 June 22: <a href="ap230622.html">Stars and Dust across Corona Australis</a><br>
2023 June 21: <a href="ap230621.html">Three Sun Paths</a><br>
2023 June 20: <a href="ap230620.html">The Nandu in the Milky Way</a><br>
2023 June 19: <a href="ap230619.html">The Busy Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2023 June 18: <a href="ap230618.html">Saturns Northern Hexagon</a><br>
2023 June 17: <a href="ap230617.html">Planet Earth at Night II</a><br>
2023 June 16: <a href="ap230616.html">Sunset to Sunrise over the Baltic Sea</a><br>
2023 June 15: <a href="ap230615.html">M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2023 June 14: <a href="ap230614.html">The Shark Nebula</a><br>
2023 June 13: <a href="ap230613.html">Moons Across Jupiter</a><br>
2023 June 12: <a href="ap230612.html">The Largest Satellites of Earth</a><br>
2023 June 11: <a href="ap230611.html">The Sun and Its Missing Colors</a><br>
2023 June 10: <a href="ap230610.html">Mars and the Beehive</a><br>
2023 June 09: <a href="ap230609.html">Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2023 June 08: <a href="ap230608.html">Elephant's Trunk and Caravan</a><br>
2023 June 07: <a href="ap230607.html">M94: A Double Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2023 June 06: <a href="ap230606.html">Star Eats Planet</a><br>
2023 June 05: <a href="ap230605.html">In the Center of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2023 June 04: <a href="ap230604.html">Color the Universe</a><br>
2023 June 03: <a href="ap230603.html">Charon: Moon of Pluto</a><br>
2023 June 02: <a href="ap230602.html">Messier 101</a><br>
2023 June 01: <a href="ap230601.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2023 May 31: <a href="ap230531.html">Simulation: A Disk Galaxy Forms</a><br>
2023 May 30: <a href="ap230530.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2023 May 29: <a href="ap230529.html">Milky Way over a Turquoise Wonderland</a><br>
2023 May 28: <a href="ap230528.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a><br>
2023 May 27: <a href="ap230527.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2023 May 26: <a href="ap230526.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
2023 May 25: <a href="ap230525.html">Cat's Eye Wide and Deep</a><br>
2023 May 24: <a href="ap230524.html">Observatory Aligned with Moon Occulting Jupiter</a><br>
2023 May 23: <a href="ap230523.html">Jupiter's Swirls from Juno</a><br>
2023 May 22: <a href="ap230522.html">Supernova Discovered in Nearby Spiral Galaxy M101</a><br>
2023 May 21: <a href="ap230521.html">Tardigrade in Moss</a><br>
2023 May 20: <a href="ap230520.html">Galileo's Europa</a><br>
2023 May 19: <a href="ap230519.html">Curly Spiral Galaxy M63</a><br>
2023 May 18: <a href="ap230518.html">WR 134 Ring Nebula</a><br>
2023 May 17: <a href="ap230517.html">Sunspot with Light Bridge</a><br>
2023 May 16: <a href="ap230516.html">Total Eclipse: The Big Corona</a><br>
2023 May 15: <a href="ap230515.html">M16: Eagle Nebula Deep Field</a><br>
2023 May 14: <a href="ap230514.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2023 May 13: <a href="ap230513.html">Apollo 17: The Crescent Earth</a><br>
2023 May 12: <a href="ap230512.html">Halley Dust, Mars Dust, and Milky Way</a><br>
2023 May 11: <a href="ap230511.html">Fomalhaut's Dusty Debris Disk</a><br>
2023 May 10: <a href="ap230510.html">Milky Way over Egyptian Desert</a><br>
2023 May 09: <a href="ap230509.html">Shadows of Earth</a><br>
2023 May 08: <a href="ap230508.html">The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2023 May 07: <a href="ap230507.html">The Helix Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2023 May 06: <a href="ap230506.html">Twilight in a Flower</a><br>
2023 May 05: <a href="ap230505.html">Shackleton from ShadowCam</a><br>
2023 May 04: <a href="ap230504.html">The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole</a><br>
2023 May 03: <a href="ap230503.html">Centaurus A: A Peculiar Island of Stars</a><br>
2023 May 02: <a href="ap230502.html">Flat Rock Hills on Mars</a><br>
2023 May 01: <a href="ap230501.html">Carina Nebula North</a><br>
2023 April 30: <a href="ap230430.html">Saturn's Moon Helene in Color</a><br>
2023 April 29: <a href="ap230429.html">Solar Eclipse from a Ship</a><br>
2023 April 28: <a href="ap230428.html">Runaway Star Alpha Camelopardalis</a><br>
2023 April 27: <a href="ap230427.html">The Tarantula Nebula from SuperBIT</a><br>
2023 April 26: <a href="ap230426.html">The Moon through the Arc de Triomphe</a><br>
2023 April 25: <a href="ap230425.html">Northern Lights over Southern Europe</a><br>
2023 April 24: <a href="ap230424.html">The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2023 April 23: <a href="ap230423.html">A Waterspout in Florida</a><br>
2023 April 22: <a href="ap230422.html">NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus</a><br>
2023 April 21: <a href="ap230421.html">Solar Eclipse from Western Australia</a><br>
2023 April 20: <a href="ap230420.html">The Dark Seahorse in Cepheus</a><br>
2023 April 19: <a href="ap230419.html">Auroral Storm over Lapland</a><br>
2023 April 18: <a href="ap230418.html">Map of Total Solar Eclipse Path in 2024 April</a><br>
2023 April 17: <a href="ap230417.html">ELVES Lightning over Italy</a><br>
2023 April 16: <a href="ap230416.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2023 April 15: <a href="ap230415.html">When Z is for Mars</a><br>
2023 April 14: <a href="ap230414.html">Portrait of NGC 3628</a><br>
2023 April 13: <a href="ap230413.html">NGC 2419: Intergalactic Wanderer</a><br>
2023 April 12: <a href="ap230412.html">NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda</a><br>
2023 April 11: <a href="ap230411.html">North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust</a><br>
2023 April 10: <a href="ap230410.html">IC 2944: The Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2023 April 09: <a href="ap230409.html">The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light</a><br>
2023 April 08: <a href="ap230408.html">M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2023 April 07: <a href="ap230407.html">Rigel Wide</a><br>
2023 April 06: <a href="ap230406.html">Terran 1 Burns Methalox</a><br>
2023 April 05: <a href="ap230405.html">Rubin's Galaxy</a><br>
2023 April 04: <a href="ap230404.html">Olympus Mons: Largest Volcano in the Solar System</a><br>
2023 April 03: <a href="ap230403.html">The Galactic Center Radio Arc</a><br>
2023 April 02: <a href="ap230402.html">M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2023 April 01: <a href="ap230401.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2023 March 31: <a href="ap230331.html">Seeing Titan</a><br>
2023 March 30: <a href="ap230330.html">NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad</a><br>
2023 March 29: <a href="ap230329.html">Sh2-308: A Dolphin Shaped Star Bubble</a><br>
2023 March 28: <a href="ap230328.html">A Multiple Green Flash Sunset</a><br>
2023 March 27: <a href="ap230327.html">Aurora Over Arctic Henge</a><br>
2023 March 26: <a href="ap230326.html">Wanderers</a><br>
2023 March 25: <a href="ap230325.html">Venus and the Da Vinci Glow</a><br>
2023 March 24: <a href="ap230324.html">Outbound Comet ZTF</a><br>
2023 March 23: <a href="ap230323.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2023 March 22: <a href="ap230322.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2023 March 21: <a href="ap230321.html">Dark Nebulae and Star Formation in Taurus</a><br>
2023 March 20: <a href="ap230320.html">M1: The Expanding Crab Nebula</a><br>
2023 March 19: <a href="ap230319.html">Equinox at the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent</a><br>
2023 March 18: <a href="ap230318.html">Wolf Rayet 124</a><br>
2023 March 17: <a href="ap230317.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2023 March 16: <a href="ap230316.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2023 March 15: <a href="ap230315.html">Jupiter and Venus Converge over Germany</a><br>
2023 March 14: <a href="ap230314.html">W5: The Soul Nebula</a><br>
2023 March 13: <a href="ap230313.html">Rainbow Tree</a><br>
2023 March 12: <a href="ap230312.html">Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2023 March 11: <a href="ap230311.html">3D Bennu</a><br>
2023 March 10: <a href="ap230310.html">Orion and the Running Man</a><br>
2023 March 09: <a href="ap230309.html">DART vs Dimorphos</a><br>
2023 March 08: <a href="ap230308.html">Artificial Night Sky Brightness</a><br>
2023 March 07: <a href="ap230307.html">Deep Field: The Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2023 March 06: <a href="ap230306.html">Jupiter and Venus from Earth</a><br>
2023 March 05: <a href="ap230305.html">Jupiter and Venus over Italy</a><br>
2023 March 04: <a href="ap230304.html">10 Days of Venus and Jupiter</a><br>
2023 March 03: <a href="ap230303.html">RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2023 March 02: <a href="ap230302.html">Unraveling NGC 3169</a><br>
2023 March 01: <a href="ap230301.html">The Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2023 February 28: <a href="ap230228.html">Crescent Moon Beyond Greek Temple</a><br>
2023 February 27: <a href="ap230227.html">Zodiacal Ray with Venus and Jupiter</a><br>
2023 February 26: <a href="ap230226.html">Saturns Iapetus: Moon with a Strange Surface</a><br>
2023 February 25: <a href="ap230225.html">Crescent Moon Occultation</a><br>
2023 February 24: <a href="ap230224.html">Jones Emberson 1</a><br>
2023 February 23: <a href="ap230223.html">Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries</a><br>
2023 February 22: <a href="ap230222.html">Our Increasingly Active Sun</a><br>
2023 February 21: <a href="ap230221.html">Comet ZTF over Yosemite Falls</a><br>
2023 February 20: <a href="ap230220.html">NGC 1850: Not Found in the Milky Way</a><br>
2023 February 19: <a href="ap230219.html">Seven Dusty Sisters in Infrared</a><br>
2023 February 18: <a href="ap230218.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365 from Webb</a><br>
2023 February 17: <a href="ap230217.html">2023 CX1 Meteor Flash</a><br>
2023 February 16: <a href="ap230216.html">The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2023 February 15: <a href="ap230215.html">Airglow Sky over France</a><br>
2023 February 14: <a href="ap230214.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2023 February 13: <a href="ap230213.html">Comet ZTF and Mars</a><br>
2023 February 12: <a href="ap230212.html">Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska</a><br>
2023 February 11: <a href="ap230211.html">Magellanic Clouds over Chile</a><br>
2023 February 10: <a href="ap230210.html">ZTF meets ATLAS</a><br>
2023 February 09: <a href="ap230209.html">Nacreous Clouds over Lapland</a><br>
2023 February 08: <a href="ap230208.html">Stellar Wind Shaped Nebula RCW 58</a><br>
2023 February 07: <a href="ap230207.html">A Comet and Two Dippers</a><br>
2023 February 06: <a href="ap230206.html">In the Heart of the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2023 February 05: <a href="ap230205.html">Enceladus by Saturnshine</a><br>
2023 February 04: <a href="ap230204.html">NGC 2626 along the Vela Molecular Ridge</a><br>
2023 February 03: <a href="ap230203.html">Polaris and the Trail of Comet ZTF</a><br>
2023 February 02: <a href="ap230202.html">Reflections on the 1970s</a><br>
2023 February 01: <a href="ap230201.html">The Seventh World of Trappist 1</a><br>
2023 January 31: <a href="ap230131.html">A Triple View of Comet ZTF</a><br>
2023 January 30: <a href="ap230130.html">Globular Star Cluster NGC 6355 from Hubble</a><br>
2023 January 29: <a href="ap230129.html">Barnard 68: Dark Molecular Cloud</a><br>
2023 January 28: <a href="ap230128.html">Comet ZTF over Mount Etna</a><br>
2023 January 27: <a href="ap230127.html">Comet ZTF: Orbital Plane Crossing</a><br>
2023 January 26: <a href="ap230126.html">Active Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2023 January 25: <a href="ap230125.html">LDN 1622: The Boogeyman Nebula</a><br>
2023 January 24: <a href="ap230124.html">LHS 475 b: Earth Sized Exoplanet</a><br>
2023 January 23: <a href="ap230123.html">The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 274</a><br>
2023 January 22: <a href="ap230122.html">In Green Company: Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2023 January 21: <a href="ap230121.html">Naked-eye Comet ZTF</a><br>
2023 January 20: <a href="ap230120.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82</a><br>
2023 January 19: <a href="ap230119.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2023 January 18: <a href="ap230118.html">MACS0647: Gravitational Lensing of the Early Universe by Webb</a><br>
2023 January 17: <a href="ap230117.html">Unexpected Clouds Toward the Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2023 January 16: <a href="ap230116.html">Moon Enhanced</a><br>
2023 January 15: <a href="ap230115.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2023 January 14: <a href="ap230114.html">Perihelion Sun 2023</a><br>
2023 January 13: <a href="ap230113.html">Young Star Cluster NGC 346</a><br>
2023 January 12: <a href="ap230112.html">Stardust in Perseus</a><br>
2023 January 11: <a href="ap230111.html">Spiral Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2023 January 10: <a href="ap230110.html">NGC 2264: The Cone Nebula</a><br>
2023 January 09: <a href="ap230109.html">Tails of Comet ZTF</a><br>
2023 January 08: <a href="ap230108.html">Where Your Elements Came From</a><br>
2023 January 07: <a href="ap230107.html">Space Stations in Low Earth Orbit</a><br>
2023 January 06: <a href="ap230106.html">Moon O'Clock 2022</a><br>
2023 January 05: <a href="ap230105.html">Messier 45: The Daughters of Atlas and Pleione</a><br>
2023 January 04: <a href="ap230104.html">CG4: The Globule and the Galaxy</a><br>
2023 January 03: <a href="ap230103.html">Kembles Cascade of Stars</a><br>
2023 January 02: <a href="ap230102.html">After Sunset Planet Parade</a><br>
2023 January 01: <a href="ap230101.html">The Largest Rock in our Solar System</a><br>
2022 December 31: <a href="ap221231.html">Moon over Makemake</a><br>
2022 December 30: <a href="ap221230.html">Mars and the Star Clusters</a><br>
2022 December 29: <a href="ap221229.html">Horsehead and Flame</a><br>
2022 December 28: <a href="ap221228.html">Messier 88</a><br>
2022 December 27: <a href="ap221227.html">A Full Circle Rainbow over Norway</a><br>
2022 December 26: <a href="ap221226.html">NGC 6164: Dragon's Egg Nebula and Halo</a><br>
2022 December 25: <a href="ap221225.html">Geminids and the Mittens</a><br>
2022 December 24: <a href="ap221224.html">Comet 2022 E3 ZTF</a><br>
2022 December 23: <a href="ap221223.html">Cassini Looks Out from Saturn</a><br>
2022 December 22: <a href="ap221222.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2022 December 21: <a href="ap221221.html">Sun Halo at Sixty-three Degrees North</a><br>
2022 December 20: <a href="ap221220.html">Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2022 December 19: <a href="ap221219.html">The Tadpole Nebula in Gas and Dust</a><br>
2022 December 18: <a href="ap221218.html">The 25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky</a><br>
2022 December 17: <a href="ap221217.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2022 December 16: <a href="ap221216.html">The Geminid</a><br>
2022 December 15: <a href="ap221215.html">Full Moon, Full Mars</a><br>
2022 December 14: <a href="ap221214.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
2022 December 13: <a href="ap221213.html">An Artful Sky over Lofoten Islands</a><br>
2022 December 12: <a href="ap221212.html">An Unusual Globule in IC 1396</a><br>
2022 December 11: <a href="ap221211.html">Io in True Color</a><br>
2022 December 10: <a href="ap221210.html">America and the Sea of Serenity</a><br>
2022 December 09: <a href="ap221209.html">Mars Rises above the Lunar Limb</a><br>
2022 December 08: <a href="ap221208.html">Orion and the Ocean of Storms</a><br>
2022 December 07: <a href="ap221207.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2022 December 06: <a href="ap221206.html">M16: A Star Forming Pillar from Webb</a><br>
2022 December 05: <a href="ap221205.html">Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster</a><br>
2022 December 04: <a href="ap221204.html">Video: Powers of Ten</a><br>
2022 December 03: <a href="ap221203.html">Stereo Mars near Opposition</a><br>
2022 December 02: <a href="ap221202.html">Merging Galaxy Pair IIZw096</a><br>
2022 December 01: <a href="ap221201.html">Artemis 1: Flight Day 13</a><br>
2022 November 30: <a href="ap221130.html">The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty</a><br>
2022 November 29: <a href="ap221129.html">The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2022 November 28: <a href="ap221128.html">Leonid Meteors Through Orion</a><br>
2022 November 27: <a href="ap221127.html">Supernumerary Rainbows over New Jersey</a><br>
2022 November 26: <a href="ap221126.html">Saturn at Night</a><br>
2022 November 25: <a href="ap221125.html">NGC 6744: Extragalactic Close Up</a><br>
2022 November 24: <a href="ap221124.html">Lynds Dark Nebula 1251</a><br>
2022 November 23: <a href="ap221123.html">Earthset from Orion</a><br>
2022 November 22: <a href="ap221122.html">A Double Star Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2022 November 21: <a href="ap221121.html">The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2022 November 20: <a href="ap221120.html">Airglow Ripples over Tibet</a><br>
2022 November 19: <a href="ap221119.html">Artemis 1 Moonshot</a><br>
2022 November 18: <a href="ap221118.html">The Protostar within L1527</a><br>
2022 November 17: <a href="ap221117.html">Planet Earth from Orion</a><br>
2022 November 16: <a href="ap221116.html">In the Arms of NGC 1097</a><br>
2022 November 15: <a href="ap221115.html">Wolf's Cave Nebula</a><br>
2022 November 14: <a href="ap221114.html">NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula</a><br>
2022 November 13: <a href="ap221113.html">Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert</a><br>
2022 November 12: <a href="ap221112.html">Eclipse in the City</a><br>
2022 November 11: <a href="ap221111.html">Blood Moon, Ice Giant</a><br>
2022 November 10: <a href="ap221110.html">Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2022 November 09: <a href="ap221109.html">The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding Wolf Rayet Star 18</a><br>
2022 November 08: <a href="ap221108.html">Galaxies: Wilds Triplet from Hubble</a><br>
2022 November 07: <a href="ap221107.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan</a><br>
2022 November 06: <a href="ap221106.html">Dark Ball in Inverted Starfield</a><br>
2022 November 05: <a href="ap221105.html">Lunar Eclipse at the South Pole</a><br>
2022 November 04: <a href="ap221104.html">InSight's Final Selfie</a><br>
2022 November 03: <a href="ap221103.html">M33: The Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2022 November 02: <a href="ap221102.html">A Partial Eclipse of an Active Sun</a><br>
2022 November 01: <a href="ap221101.html">NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula</a><br>
2022 October 31: <a href="ap221031.html">LDN 43: The Cosmic Bat Nebula</a><br>
2022 October 30: <a href="ap221030.html">Night on a Spooky Planet</a><br>
2022 October 29: <a href="ap221029.html">LDN 673: Dark Clouds in Aquila</a><br>
2022 October 28: <a href="ap221028.html">Seven Years of Halley Dust</a><br>
2022 October 27: <a href="ap221027.html">Sunset, Moonset, Taj Mahal</a><br>
2022 October 26: <a href="ap221026.html">Cocoon Nebula Wide Field</a><br>
2022 October 25: <a href="ap221025.html">Jupiter Rotates as Moons Orbit</a><br>
2022 October 24: <a href="ap221024.html">Clouds Around Galaxy Andromeda</a><br>
2022 October 23: <a href="ap221023.html">Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Australian Pinnacles</a><br>
2022 October 22: <a href="ap221022.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2022 October 21: <a href="ap221021.html">Andromeda in Southern Skies</a><br>
2022 October 20: <a href="ap221020.html">Pillars of Creation</a><br>
2022 October 19: <a href="ap221019.html">A Galaxy Beyond Stars, Gas, Dust</a><br>
2022 October 18: <a href="ap221018.html">Milky Way Auroral Flower</a><br>
2022 October 17: <a href="ap221017.html">X-Ray Rings Around a Gamma Ray Burst</a><br>
2022 October 16: <a href="ap221016.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2022 October 15: <a href="ap221015.html">GRB 221009A</a><br>
2022 October 14: <a href="ap221014.html">The Falcon and the Hunter's Moon</a><br>
2022 October 13: <a href="ap221013.html">Dust Shells around WR 140 from Webb</a><br>
2022 October 12: <a href="ap221012.html">Ou4: The Giant Squid Nebula</a><br>
2022 October 11: <a href="ap221011.html">Stars, Dust, Pillars, and Jets in the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2022 October 10: <a href="ap221010.html">A Double Lunar Analemma over Turkey</a><br>
2022 October 09: <a href="ap221009.html">Auroras over Northern Canada</a><br>
2022 October 08: <a href="ap221008.html">Two Comets in Southern Skies</a><br>
2022 October 07: <a href="ap221007.html">In Ganymede's Shadow</a><br>
2022 October 06: <a href="ap221006.html">NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2022 October 05: <a href="ap221005.html">Expanding Plume from DARTs Impact</a><br>
2022 October 04: <a href="ap221004.html">Star Forming Eagle Nebula without Stars</a><br>
2022 October 03: <a href="ap221003.html">Jupiter's Europa from Spacecraft Juno</a><br>
2022 October 02: <a href="ap221002.html">Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002</a><br>
2022 October 01: <a href="ap221001.html">Lunation Matrix</a><br>
2022 September 30: <a href="ap220930.html">Equinox Sunrise Around the World</a><br>
2022 September 29: <a href="ap220929.html">DART Asteroid Impact from Space</a><br>
2022 September 28: <a href="ap220928.html">A Furious Sky over Mount Shasta</a><br>
2022 September 27: <a href="ap220927.html">DART: Impact on Asteroid Dimorphos</a><br>
2022 September 26: <a href="ap220926.html">All the Water on Planet Earth</a><br>
2022 September 25: <a href="ap220925.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2022 September 24: <a href="ap220924.html">September Sunrise Shadows</a><br>
2022 September 23: <a href="ap220923.html">Ringed Ice Giant Neptune</a><br>
2022 September 22: <a href="ap220922.html">NGC 7331 Close Up</a><br>
2022 September 21: <a href="ap220921.html">The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble</a><br>
2022 September 20: <a href="ap220920.html">Star Forming Region NGC 3582 without Stars</a><br>
2022 September 19: <a href="ap220919.html">Star Trails and Lightning over the Pyrenees</a><br>
2022 September 18: <a href="ap220918.html">Analemma over the Callanish Stones</a><br>
2022 September 17: <a href="ap220917.html">Perseverance in Jezero Crater s Delta</a><br>
2022 September 16: <a href="ap220916.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2022 September 15: <a href="ap220915.html">Harvest Moon over Sicily</a><br>
2022 September 14: <a href="ap220914.html">Waves of the Great Lacerta Nebula</a><br>
2022 September 13: <a href="ap220913.html">A Long Snaking Filament on the Sun</a><br>
2022 September 12: <a href="ap220912.html">Red Sprite Lightning over the Czech Republic</a><br>
2022 September 11: <a href="ap220911.html">Planets of the Solar System: Tilts and Spins</a><br>
2022 September 10: <a href="ap220910.html">Galaxy by the Lake</a><br>
2022 September 09: <a href="ap220909.html">Interstellar Voyager</a><br>
2022 September 08: <a href="ap220908.html">North America and the Pelican</a><br>
2022 September 07: <a href="ap220907.html">Tarantula Stars R136 from Webb</a><br>
2022 September 06: <a href="ap220906.html">An Iridescent Pileus Cloud over China</a><br>
2022 September 05: <a href="ap220905.html">Carina Cliffs from the Webb Space Telescope</a><br>
2022 September 04: <a href="ap220904.html">Sea and Sky Glows over the Oregon Coast</a><br>
2022 September 03: <a href="ap220903.html">Sun and Moon and ISS</a><br>
2022 September 02: <a href="ap220902.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2022 September 01: <a href="ap220901.html">The Tulip and Cygnus X-1</a><br>
2022 August 31: <a href="ap220831.html">Siccar Point on Mars</a><br>
2022 August 30: <a href="ap220830.html">Jupiter from the Webb Space Telescope</a><br>
2022 August 29: <a href="ap220829.html">The Horsehead Nebula Region without Stars</a><br>
2022 August 28: <a href="ap220828.html">Perijove 11: Passing Jupiter</a><br>
2022 August 27: <a href="ap220827.html">IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula</a><br>
2022 August 26: <a href="ap220826.html">Little Planet South Pole</a><br>
2022 August 25: <a href="ap220825.html">Tiangong Space Station Transits the Moon</a><br>
2022 August 24: <a href="ap220824.html">The Cartwheel Galaxy from Webb</a><br>
2022 August 23: <a href="ap220823.html">Meteor and Milky Way over the Mediterranean</a><br>
2022 August 22: <a href="ap220822.html">Earth's Recent Climate Spiral</a><br>
2022 August 21: <a href="ap220821.html">The Spinning Pulsar of the Crab Nebula</a><br>
2022 August 20: <a href="ap220820.html">Stardust and Comet Tails</a><br>
2022 August 19: <a href="ap220819.html">Saturn: 1993-2022</a><br>
2022 August 18: <a href="ap220818.html">Full Moon Perseids</a><br>
2022 August 17: <a href="ap220817.html">Stargate Milky Way</a><br>
2022 August 16: <a href="ap220816.html">A Meteor Wind over Tunisia</a><br>
2022 August 15: <a href="ap220815.html">The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation</a><br>
2022 August 14: <a href="ap220814.html">4000 Exoplanets</a><br>
2022 August 13: <a href="ap220813.html">Herschel Crater on Mimas</a><br>
2022 August 12: <a href="ap220812.html">Portrait of the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2022 August 11: <a href="ap220811.html">Perseids and MAGIC</a><br>
2022 August 10: <a href="ap220810.html">Dust Clouds of the Pacman Nebula</a><br>
2022 August 09: <a href="ap220809.html">Leaving Earth</a><br>
2022 August 08: <a href="ap220808.html">The Lagoon Nebula without Stars</a><br>
2022 August 07: <a href="ap220807.html">Meteor before Galaxy</a><br>
2022 August 06: <a href="ap220806.html">Stereo Phobos</a><br>
2022 August 05: <a href="ap220805.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2022 August 04: <a href="ap220804.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2022 August 03: <a href="ap220803.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2022 August 02: <a href="ap220802.html">A Moon Dressed Like Saturn</a><br>
2022 August 01: <a href="ap220801.html">Mountains of Dust in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2022 July 31: <a href="ap220731.html">Starburst Galaxy M94 from Hubble</a><br>
2022 July 30: <a href="ap220730.html">The Eagle Rises</a><br>
2022 July 29: <a href="ap220729.html">SOFIA s Southern Lights</a><br>
2022 July 28: <a href="ap220728.html">North Celestial Tree</a><br>
2022 July 27: <a href="ap220727.html">Crepuscular Moon Rays over Denmark</a><br>
2022 July 26: <a href="ap220726.html">Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea</a><br>
2022 July 25: <a href="ap220725.html">Find the New Moon</a><br>
2022 July 24: <a href="ap220724.html">Saturn in Infrared from Cassini</a><br>
2022 July 23: <a href="ap220723.html">Apollo 11 Landing Panorama</a><br>
2022 July 22: <a href="ap220722.html">Spiral Galaxy M74: A Sharper View</a><br>
2022 July 21: <a href="ap220721.html">Messier 10 and Comet</a><br>
2022 July 20: <a href="ap220720.html">Jupiter and Ring in Infrared from Webb</a><br>
2022 July 19: <a href="ap220719.html">Pleiades over Half Dome</a><br>
2022 July 18: <a href="ap220718.html">Stephans Quintet from Webb, Hubble, and Subaru</a><br>
2022 July 17: <a href="ap220717.html">Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1</a><br>
2022 July 16: <a href="ap220716.html">Tycho and Clavius at Dawn</a><br>
2022 July 15: <a href="ap220715.html">Lubovna Full Moon</a><br>
2022 July 14: <a href="ap220714.html">Webb's Southern Ring Nebula</a><br>
2022 July 13: <a href="ap220713.html">Webb's First Deep Field</a><br>
2022 July 12: <a href="ap220712.html">Noctilucent Clouds over Paris</a><br>
2022 July 11: <a href="ap220711.html">Andromeda over the Sahara Desert</a><br>
2022 July 10: <a href="ap220710.html">In the Center of the Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2022 July 09: <a href="ap220709.html">Saturn and ISS</a><br>
2022 July 08: <a href="ap220708.html">Roots on a Rotating Planet</a><br>
2022 July 07: <a href="ap220707.html">The NGC 6914 Complex</a><br>
2022 July 06: <a href="ap220706.html">Milky Way Motion in 3D from Gaia</a><br>
2022 July 05: <a href="ap220705.html">A Molten Galaxy Einstein Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2022 July 04: <a href="ap220704.html">Strawberry Supermoon Over Devil's Saddle</a><br>
2022 July 03: <a href="ap220703.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2022 July 02: <a href="ap220702.html">Solargraphic Analemmas</a><br>
2022 July 01: <a href="ap220701.html">The Solar System's Planet Trails</a><br>
2022 June 30: <a href="ap220630.html">Comet C 2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)</a><br>
2022 June 29: <a href="ap220629.html">Solar System Family Portrait</a><br>
2022 June 28: <a href="ap220628.html">Mercury from Passing BepiColombo</a><br>
2022 June 27: <a href="ap220627.html">The Gum Nebula over Snowy Mountains</a><br>
2022 June 26: <a href="ap220626.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2022 June 25: <a href="ap220625.html">Planets of the Solar System</a><br>
2022 June 24: <a href="ap220624.html">Filaprom on the Western Limb</a><br>
2022 June 23: <a href="ap220623.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744</a><br>
2022 June 22: <a href="ap220622.html">Supernova Remnant: The Veil Nebula</a><br>
2022 June 21: <a href="ap220621.html">Analemma over Taipei</a><br>
2022 June 20: <a href="ap220620.html">Rock Fingers on Mars</a><br>
2022 June 19: <a href="ap220619.html">Game: Super Planet Crash</a><br>
2022 June 18: <a href="ap220618.html">The Gamma Cygni Nebula</a><br>
2022 June 17: <a href="ap220617.html">Good Morning Planets from Chile</a><br>
2022 June 16: <a href="ap220616.html">Strawberry Supermoon from China</a><br>
2022 June 15: <a href="ap220615.html">In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2022 June 14: <a href="ap220614.html">Satellites Behind Pinnacles</a><br>
2022 June 13: <a href="ap220613.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2022 June 12: <a href="ap220612.html">Find the Man in the Moon</a><br>
2022 June 11: <a href="ap220611.html">The Road and the Milky Way</a><br>
2022 June 10: <a href="ap220610.html">Arp 286: Trio in Virgo</a><br>
2022 June 09: <a href="ap220609.html">Cosmic Clouds in Cygnus</a><br>
2022 June 08: <a href="ap220608.html">Ship Tracks over the Pacific Ocean</a><br>
2022 June 07: <a href="ap220607.html">NGC 6188: Dragons of Ara</a><br>
2022 June 06: <a href="ap220606.html">Milky Way Galaxy Doomed: Collision with Andromeda Pending</a><br>
2022 June 05: <a href="ap220605.html">Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75</a><br>
2022 June 04: <a href="ap220604.html">Tau Herculids from Space</a><br>
2022 June 03: <a href="ap220603.html">A 10,000 Kilometer Galactic Bridge</a><br>
2022 June 02: <a href="ap220602.html">Lunar Occultation of Venus</a><br>
2022 June 01: <a href="ap220601.html">Tau Herculid Meteors over Kitt Peak Telescopes</a><br>
2022 May 31: <a href="ap220531.html">Rocket Transits Rippling Sun</a><br>
2022 May 30: <a href="ap220530.html">Red Crepuscular Rays from an Eclipse</a><br>
2022 May 29: <a href="ap220529.html">Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms</a><br>
2022 May 28: <a href="ap220528.html">RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2022 May 27: <a href="ap220527.html">Titan: Moon over Saturn</a><br>
2022 May 26: <a href="ap220526.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2022 May 25: <a href="ap220525.html">The Lively Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2022 May 24: <a href="ap220524.html">A Deep Sky Behind an Eclipsed Moon</a><br>
2022 May 23: <a href="ap220523.html">The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda</a><br>
2022 May 22: <a href="ap220522.html">A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun</a><br>
2022 May 21: <a href="ap220521.html">Planetary Nebula Abell 7</a><br>
2022 May 20: <a href="ap220520.html">A View from Earth's Shadow</a><br>
2022 May 19: <a href="ap220519.html">A Digital Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2022 May 18: <a href="ap220518.html">A Jewel on the Flower Moon</a><br>
2022 May 17: <a href="ap220517.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2022 May 16: <a href="ap220516.html">Milky Way over French Alp Hoodoos</a><br>
2022 May 15: <a href="ap220515.html">Colors of the Moon</a><br>
2022 May 14: <a href="ap220514.html">Ice Halos by Moonlight</a><br>
2022 May 13: <a href="ap220513.html">The Milky Way's Black Hole</a><br>
2022 May 12: <a href="ap220512.html">Young Stars of NGC 346</a><br>
2022 May 11: <a href="ap220511.html">Gravity's Grin</a><br>
2022 May 10: <a href="ap220510.html">NGC 6334: The Cats Paw Nebula</a><br>
2022 May 09: <a href="ap220509.html">A Martian Eclipse: Phobos Crosses the Sun</a><br>
2022 May 08: <a href="ap220508.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Inner Rings</a><br>
2022 May 07: <a href="ap220507.html">Firefall by Moonlight</a><br>
2022 May 06: <a href="ap220506.html">NGC 3572 and the Southern Tadpoles</a><br>
2022 May 05: <a href="ap220505.html">NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble</a><br>
2022 May 04: <a href="ap220504.html">Planets Over Egyptian Pyramid</a><br>
2022 May 03: <a href="ap220503.html">Mercury's Sodium Tail</a><br>
2022 May 02: <a href="ap220502.html">Partial Solar Eclipse over Argentina</a><br>
2022 May 01: <a href="ap220501.html">First Horizon Scale Image of a Black Hole</a><br>
2022 April 30: <a href="ap220430.html">M44: The Beehive Cluster</a><br>
2022 April 29: <a href="ap220429.html">Portrait of NGC 3628</a><br>
2022 April 28: <a href="ap220428.html">Lyrid of the Lake</a><br>
2022 April 27: <a href="ap220427.html">Moon Shadow on Jupiter</a><br>
2022 April 26: <a href="ap220426.html">Planet Parade over Sydney Opera House</a><br>
2022 April 25: <a href="ap220425.html">The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
2022 April 24: <a href="ap220424.html">Split the Universe</a><br>
2022 April 23: <a href="ap220423.html">Messier 104</a><br>
2022 April 22: <a href="ap220422.html">Planet Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2022 April 21: <a href="ap220421.html">Apollo 16 Moon Panorama</a><br>
2022 April 20: <a href="ap220420.html">Planet Line over New York Bridge</a><br>
2022 April 19: <a href="ap220419.html">Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2022 April 18: <a href="ap220418.html">Stars and Planets over Portugal</a><br>
2022 April 17: <a href="ap220417.html">Shuttle Over Earth</a><br>
2022 April 16: <a href="ap220416.html">Orion Pines</a><br>
2022 April 15: <a href="ap220415.html">The Gator Back Rocks of Mars</a><br>
2022 April 14: <a href="ap220414.html">Messier 96</a><br>
2022 April 13: <a href="ap220413.html">Milky Way over Devils Tower</a><br>
2022 April 12: <a href="ap220412.html">N11: Star Clouds of the LMC</a><br>
2022 April 11: <a href="ap220411.html">A Space Station Crosses a Busy Sun</a><br>
2022 April 10: <a href="ap220410.html">Shadows at the Moons South Pole</a><br>
2022 April 09: <a href="ap220409.html">Mars-Saturn Conjunction</a><br>
2022 April 08: <a href="ap220408.html">Hale-Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997</a><br>
2022 April 07: <a href="ap220407.html">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br>
2022 April 06: <a href="ap220406.html">Earendel: A Star in the Early Universe</a><br>
2022 April 05: <a href="ap220405.html">Seven Sisters versus California</a><br>
2022 April 04: <a href="ap220404.html">A Vortex Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2022 April 03: <a href="ap220403.html">CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2022 April 02: <a href="ap220402.html">Nova Scotia Northern Lights</a><br>
2022 April 01: <a href="ap220401.html">Leaning Tower, Active Sun</a><br>
2022 March 31: <a href="ap220331.html">Exploring the Antennae</a><br>
2022 March 30: <a href="ap220330.html">Animation: Odd Radio Circles</a><br>
2022 March 29: <a href="ap220329.html">Venus and Mars: Passing in the Night</a><br>
2022 March 28: <a href="ap220328.html">Gems of a Maldivean Night</a><br>
2022 March 27: <a href="ap220327.html">Titan Seas Reflect Sunlight</a><br>
2022 March 26: <a href="ap220326.html">Pluto at Night</a><br>
2022 March 25: <a href="ap220325.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2022 March 24: <a href="ap220324.html">Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries</a><br>
2022 March 23: <a href="ap220323.html">The Bubble Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2022 March 22: <a href="ap220322.html">A Whale of an Aurora over Swedish Forest</a><br>
2022 March 21: <a href="ap220321.html">The Sky in 2021</a><br>
2022 March 20: <a href="ap220320.html">A Picturesque Equinox Sunset</a><br>
2022 March 19: <a href="ap220319.html">2MASS J17554042 6551277</a><br>
2022 March 18: <a href="ap220318.html">A Filament in Monoceros</a><br>
2022 March 17: <a href="ap220317.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2022 March 16: <a href="ap220316.html">The Observable Universe</a><br>
2022 March 15: <a href="ap220315.html">A Road to the Stars</a><br>
2022 March 14: <a href="ap220314.html">Star Formation in the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2022 March 13: <a href="ap220313.html">Colorful Airglow Bands Surround Milky Way</a><br>
2022 March 12: <a href="ap220312.html">Point Reyes Milky Way</a><br>
2022 March 11: <a href="ap220311.html">When Rainbows Smile</a><br>
2022 March 10: <a href="ap220310.html">Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc</a><br>
2022 March 09: <a href="ap220309.html">A Flower Shaped Rock on Mars</a><br>
2022 March 08: <a href="ap220308.html">Moon in Inverted Colors</a><br>
2022 March 07: <a href="ap220307.html">A Lion in Orion</a><br>
2022 March 06: <a href="ap220306.html">Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun</a><br>
2022 March 05: <a href="ap220305.html">Interstellar Comet 2I Borisov</a><br>
2022 March 04: <a href="ap220304.html">The Multiwavelength Crab</a><br>
2022 March 03: <a href="ap220303.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2022 March 02: <a href="ap220302.html">Record Prominence Imaged by Solar Orbiter</a><br>
2022 March 01: <a href="ap220301.html">Dueling Bands in the Night</a><br>
2022 February 28: <a href="ap220228.html">Direct Projection: The Moon in My Hands</a><br>
2022 February 27: <a href="ap220227.html">Earthrise 1: Historic Image Remastered</a><br>
2022 February 26: <a href="ap220226.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
2022 February 25: <a href="ap220225.html">Perseverance Sol 354</a><br>
2022 February 24: <a href="ap220224.html">Beautiful Albireo AB</a><br>
2022 February 23: <a href="ap220223.html">Orion over Green Bank</a><br>
2022 February 22: <a href="ap220222.html">Illustration: An Early Quasar</a><br>
2022 February 21: <a href="ap220221.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 6217</a><br>
2022 February 20: <a href="ap220220.html">Aurora Over White Dome Geyser</a><br>
2022 February 19: <a href="ap220219.html">Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273</a><br>
2022 February 18: <a href="ap220218.html">Three Clusters in Puppis</a><br>
2022 February 17: <a href="ap220217.html">Chamaeleon I Molecular Cloud</a><br>
2022 February 16: <a href="ap220216.html">Eiffel Tower Prominence on the Sun</a><br>
2022 February 15: <a href="ap220215.html">Terminator Moon</a><br>
2022 February 14: <a href="ap220214.html">In the Heart of the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2022 February 13: <a href="ap220213.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2022 February 12: <a href="ap220212.html">Aurora by Moonlight</a><br>
2022 February 11: <a href="ap220211.html">IC 342: The Hidden Galaxy in Camelopardalis</a><br>
2022 February 10: <a href="ap220210.html">T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula</a><br>
2022 February 09: <a href="ap220209.html">Eta Car: 3D Model of the Most Dangerous Star Known</a><br>
2022 February 08: <a href="ap220208.html">Aurora and Light Pillars over Norway</a><br>
2022 February 07: <a href="ap220207.html">NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy</a><br>
2022 February 06: <a href="ap220206.html">Blue Marble Earth</a><br>
2022 February 05: <a href="ap220205.html">Symbiotic R Aquarii</a><br>
2022 February 04: <a href="ap220204.html">Moons at Twilight</a><br>
2022 February 03: <a href="ap220203.html">Embraced by Sunlight</a><br>
2022 February 02: <a href="ap220202.html">The Galactic Center in Radio from MeerKAT</a><br>
2022 February 01: <a href="ap220201.html">Moon Phases 2022</a><br>
2022 January 31: <a href="ap220131.html">Carina Nebula North</a><br>
2022 January 30: <a href="ap220130.html">A Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2022 January 29: <a href="ap220129.html">The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2022 January 28: <a href="ap220128.html">Western Moon, Eastern Sea</a><br>
2022 January 27: <a href="ap220127.html">South of Orion</a><br>
2022 January 26: <a href="ap220126.html">Stars, Dust, and Gas Near Antares</a><br>
2022 January 25: <a href="ap220125.html">Video: Comet Leonard over One Hour</a><br>
2022 January 24: <a href="ap220124.html">Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2022 January 23: <a href="ap220123.html">Saturn, Tethys, Rings, and Shadows</a><br>
2022 January 22: <a href="ap220122.html">The Full Moon and the Dancer</a><br>
2022 January 21: <a href="ap220121.html">Young Star Jet MHO 2147</a><br>
2022 January 20: <a href="ap220120.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2022 January 19: <a href="ap220119.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2022 January 18: <a href="ap220118.html">From Orion to the Southern Cross</a><br>
2022 January 17: <a href="ap220117.html">Chamaeleon Dark Nebulas</a><br>
2022 January 16: <a href="ap220116.html">A Retreating Thunderstorm at Sunset</a><br>
2022 January 15: <a href="ap220115.html">Galileo's Europa</a><br>
2022 January 14: <a href="ap220114.html">NGC 1566: The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2022 January 13: <a href="ap220113.html">Supernova Remnant Simeis 147</a><br>
2022 January 12: <a href="ap220112.html">Comet Leonard Closeup from Australia</a><br>
2022 January 11: <a href="ap220111.html">Orions Belt Region in Gas and Dust</a><br>
2022 January 10: <a href="ap220110.html">Comet Leonards Tail Wag</a><br>
2022 January 09: <a href="ap220109.html">Hubbles Jupiter and the Shrinking Great Red Spot</a><br>
2022 January 08: <a href="ap220108.html">Quadrantids of the North</a><br>
2022 January 07: <a href="ap220107.html">Ecstatic Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2022 January 06: <a href="ap220106.html">The Last Days of Venus as the Evening Star</a><br>
2022 January 05: <a href="ap220105.html">A Year of Sunrises</a><br>
2022 January 04: <a href="ap220104.html">Moons Beyond Rings at Saturn</a><br>
2022 January 03: <a href="ap220103.html">Comet Leonards Long Tail</a><br>
2022 January 02: <a href="ap220102.html">Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Winter Road</a><br>
2022 January 01: <a href="ap220101.html">The Full Moon of 2021</a><br>
2021 December 31: <a href="ap211231.html">JWST on the Road to L2</a><br>
2021 December 30: <a href="ap211230.html">The Further Tail of Comet Leonard</a><br>
2021 December 29: <a href="ap211229.html">Giant Storms and High Clouds on Jupiter</a><br>
2021 December 28: <a href="ap211228.html">Sun Halo over Sweden</a><br>
2021 December 27: <a href="ap211227.html">Comet Leonard behind JWST Launch Plume</a><br>
2021 December 26: <a href="ap211226.html">James Webb Space Telescope over Earth</a><br>
2021 December 25: <a href="ap211225.html">The Tail of a Christmas Comet</a><br>
2021 December 24: <a href="ap211224.html">M1: The Crab Nebula</a><br>
2021 December 23: <a href="ap211223.html">Three Planets and a Comet</a><br>
2021 December 22: <a href="ap211222.html">Launch of the IXPE Observatory</a><br>
2021 December 21: <a href="ap211221.html">Solstice Sun and Milky Way</a><br>
2021 December 20: <a href="ap211220.html">The Comet and the Fireball</a><br>
2021 December 19: <a href="ap211219.html">Planetary Alignment over Italy</a><br>
2021 December 18: <a href="ap211218.html">Stephan s Quintet</a><br>
2021 December 17: <a href="ap211217.html">Gemind of the North</a><br>
2021 December 16: <a href="ap211216.html">Geminds of the South</a><br>
2021 December 15: <a href="ap211215.html">Comet Leonard from Space</a><br>
2021 December 14: <a href="ap211214.html">HH 666: Carina Dust Pillar with Jet</a><br>
2021 December 13: <a href="ap211213.html">Meteors and Auroras over Iceland</a><br>
2021 December 12: <a href="ap211212.html">Comet Leonard Before Star Cluster M3</a><br>
2021 December 11: <a href="ap211211.html">Postcard from the South Pole</a><br>
2021 December 10: <a href="ap211210.html">Eclipse on a Polar Day</a><br>
2021 December 09: <a href="ap211209.html">A Total Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
2021 December 08: <a href="ap211208.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2021 December 07: <a href="ap211207.html">Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting</a><br>
2021 December 06: <a href="ap211206.html">Space Station Silhouette on the Moon</a><br>
2021 December 05: <a href="ap211205.html">Total Solar Eclipse Below the Bottom of the World</a><br>
2021 December 04: <a href="ap211204.html">Iridescent by Moonlight</a><br>
2021 December 03: <a href="ap211203.html">Comet Leonard and the Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2021 December 02: <a href="ap211202.html">NGC 6822: Barnard s Galaxy</a><br>
2021 December 01: <a href="ap211201.html">A Blue Banded Blood Moon</a><br>
2021 November 30: <a href="ap211130.html">In Motion: Uranus and Moons</a><br>
2021 November 29: <a href="ap211129.html">The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi</a><br>
2021 November 28: <a href="ap211128.html">A High Cliff on Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2021 November 27: <a href="ap211127.html">Messier 101</a><br>
2021 November 26: <a href="ap211126.html">Great Refractor and Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2021 November 25: <a href="ap211125.html">At the Shadow's Edge</a><br>
2021 November 24: <a href="ap211124.html">Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster</a><br>
2021 November 23: <a href="ap211123.html">The Sun in X-rays from NuSTAR</a><br>
2021 November 22: <a href="ap211122.html">Lunar Eclipse over a Skyscraper</a><br>
2021 November 21: <a href="ap211121.html">Introducing Comet Leonard</a><br>
2021 November 20: <a href="ap211120.html">An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2021 November 19: <a href="ap211119.html">NGC 281: Starless with Stars</a><br>
2021 November 18: <a href="ap211118.html">Full Moonlight</a><br>
2021 November 17: <a href="ap211117.html">NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap</a><br>
2021 November 16: <a href="ap211116.html">Geminids from Gemini</a><br>
2021 November 15: <a href="ap211115.html">Light Pillar over Volcanic Etna</a><br>
2021 November 14: <a href="ap211114.html">How to Identify that Light in the Sky</a><br>
2021 November 13: <a href="ap211113.html">Rosetta's Comet in Gemini</a><br>
2021 November 12: <a href="ap211112.html">M33: The Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2021 November 11: <a href="ap211111.html">NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus</a><br>
2021 November 10: <a href="ap211110.html">Video of a Green Flash</a><br>
2021 November 09: <a href="ap211109.html">All of These Space Images are Fake Except One</a><br>
2021 November 08: <a href="ap211108.html">A Filament Leaps from the Sun</a><br>
2021 November 07: <a href="ap211107.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula in Optical and X-ray</a><br>
2021 November 06: <a href="ap211106.html">The Galaxy Between Two Friends</a><br>
2021 November 05: <a href="ap211105.html">The Dark Seahorse in Cepheus</a><br>
2021 November 04: <a href="ap211104.html">NGC 147 and NGC 185</a><br>
2021 November 03: <a href="ap211103.html">The Horsehead and Flame Nebulas</a><br>
2021 November 02: <a href="ap211102.html">SN Requiem: A Supernova Seen Three Times So Far</a><br>
2021 November 01: <a href="ap211101.html">A Waterfall and the Milky Way</a><br>
2021 October 31: <a href="ap211031.html">Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe</a><br>
2021 October 30: <a href="ap211030.html">A Rorschach Aurora</a><br>
2021 October 29: <a href="ap211029.html">Haunting the Cepheus Flare</a><br>
2021 October 28: <a href="ap211028.html">Mirach' s Ghost</a><br>
2021 October 27: <a href="ap211027.html">NGC 6995: The Bat Nebula</a><br>
2021 October 26: <a href="ap211026.html">Jupiter Rotates</a><br>
2021 October 25: <a href="ap211025.html">Road to the Galactic Center</a><br>
2021 October 24: <a href="ap211024.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2021 October 23: <a href="ap211023.html">3D Bennu</a><br>
2021 October 22: <a href="ap211022.html">A Comet and a Crab</a><br>
2021 October 21: <a href="ap211021.html">SH2-308: The Dolphin-head Nebula</a><br>
2021 October 20: <a href="ap211020.html">Lucy Launches to Eight Asteroids</a><br>
2021 October 19: <a href="ap211019.html">Palomar 6: Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2021 October 18: <a href="ap211018.html">Earthshine Moon over Sicily</a><br>
2021 October 17: <a href="ap211017.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2021 October 16: <a href="ap211016.html">The Moona Lisa</a><br>
2021 October 15: <a href="ap211015.html">NGC 289: Swirl in the Southern Sky</a><br>
2021 October 14: <a href="ap211014.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2021 October 13: <a href="ap211013.html">NGC 7822: Cosmic Question Mark</a><br>
2021 October 12: <a href="ap211012.html">Fireball over Lake Louise</a><br>
2021 October 11: <a href="ap211011.html">Juno Flyby of Ganymede and Jupiter</a><br>
2021 October 10: <a href="ap211010.html">Full Moon Silhouettes</a><br>
2021 October 09: <a href="ap211009.html">50 Light years to 51 Pegasi</a><br>
2021 October 08: <a href="ap211008.html">The Double Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2021 October 07: <a href="ap211007.html">NGC 6559: East of the Lagoon</a><br>
2021 October 06: <a href="ap211006.html">M43: Streams of Orion</a><br>
2021 October 05: <a href="ap211005.html">Sunrise at the South Pole</a><br>
2021 October 04: <a href="ap211004.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2021 October 03: <a href="ap211003.html">The Holographic Principle and a Teapot</a><br>
2021 October 02: <a href="ap211002.html">A Light and Dusty Night</a><br>
2021 October 01: <a href="ap211001.html">The Central Milky Way from Lagoon to Pipe</a><br>
2021 September 30: <a href="ap210930.html">The Hydrogen Clouds of M33</a><br>
2021 September 29: <a href="ap210929.html">Gigantic Jet Lightning from Puerto Rico</a><br>
2021 September 28: <a href="ap210928.html">Night of the Perseids</a><br>
2021 September 27: <a href="ap210927.html">Unwrapped: Five Decade Old Lunar Selfie</a><br>
2021 September 26: <a href="ap210926.html">The Red Square Nebula</a><br>
2021 September 25: <a href="ap210925.html">The Bubble and the Star Cluster</a><br>
2021 September 24: <a href="ap210924.html">Perseid Outburst at Westmeath Lookout</a><br>
2021 September 23: <a href="ap210923.html">Harvest Moon Trail</a><br>
2021 September 22: <a href="ap210922.html">Equinox on a Spinning Earth</a><br>
2021 September 21: <a href="ap210921.html">Sun Spot Hill</a><br>
2021 September 20: <a href="ap210920.html">Lynds Dark Nebula</a><br>
2021 September 19: <a href="ap210919.html">Rings and Seasons of Saturn</a><br>
2021 September 18: <a href="ap210918.html">Rubin's Galaxy</a><br>
2021 September 17: <a href="ap210917.html">Video: Flash on Jupiter</a><br>
2021 September 16: <a href="ap210916.html">North America and the Pelican</a><br>
2021 September 15: <a href="ap210915.html">Cyclone Paths on Planet Earth</a><br>
2021 September 14: <a href="ap210914.html">Mars Panorama 360 from Curiosity</a><br>
2021 September 13: <a href="ap210913.html">Night Sky Reflected</a><br>
2021 September 12: <a href="ap210912.html">A Spiral Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2021 September 11: <a href="ap210911.html">Saturn at Night</a><br>
2021 September 10: <a href="ap210910.html">Rosetta's Comet in View</a><br>
2021 September 09: <a href="ap210909.html">M16 Close Up</a><br>
2021 September 08: <a href="ap210908.html">The Deep Sky Toward Andromeda</a><br>
2021 September 07: <a href="ap210907.html">NGC 520: Colliding Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2021 September 06: <a href="ap210906.html">Firefly Milky Way over Russia</a><br>
2021 September 05: <a href="ap210905.html">Earth and Moon</a><br>
2021 September 04: <a href="ap210904.html">A Falcon 9 Nebula</a><br>
2021 September 03: <a href="ap210903.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2021 September 02: <a href="ap210902.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2021 September 01: <a href="ap210901.html">Dancing Ghosts: Curved Jets from Active Galaxies</a><br>
2021 August 31: <a href="ap210831.html">A Blue Moon in Exaggerated Colors</a><br>
2021 August 30: <a href="ap210830.html">A Fire Rainbow over West Virginia</a><br>
2021 August 29: <a href="ap210829.html">Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids</a><br>
2021 August 28: <a href="ap210828.html">Mars Rock Rochette</a><br>
2021 August 27: <a href="ap210827.html">Elephant's Trunk and Caravan</a><br>
2021 August 26: <a href="ap210826.html">A Blue Hour Full Moon</a><br>
2021 August 25: <a href="ap210825.html">Solar System Ball Drop</a><br>
2021 August 24: <a href="ap210824.html">PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons</a><br>
2021 August 23: <a href="ap210823.html">Abell 3827: Cannibal Cluster Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2021 August 22: <a href="ap210822.html">Explosions from White Dwarf Star RS Oph</a><br>
2021 August 21: <a href="ap210821.html">Triple Transit and Mutual Events</a><br>
2021 August 20: <a href="ap210820.html">Three Perseid Nights</a><br>
2021 August 19: <a href="ap210819.html">Bright Meteor, Starry Sky</a><br>
2021 August 18: <a href="ap210818.html">Rings Around the Ring Nebula</a><br>
2021 August 17: <a href="ap210817.html">M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2021 August 16: <a href="ap210816.html">Perseid Meteor, Red Sprites, and Nova RS Oph</a><br>
2021 August 15: <a href="ap210815.html">Perseid Rain</a><br>
2021 August 14: <a href="ap210814.html">Island Universe, Cosmic Sand</a><br>
2021 August 13: <a href="ap210813.html">A Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2021 August 12: <a href="ap210812.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2021 August 11: <a href="ap210811.html">Mammatus Clouds over Saskatchewan</a><br>
2021 August 10: <a href="ap210810.html">Fire in Space</a><br>
2021 August 09: <a href="ap210809.html">Perseus and the Lost Meteors</a><br>
2021 August 08: <a href="ap210808.html">A Perseid Below</a><br>
2021 August 07: <a href="ap210807.html">Jezero Crater: Raised Ridges in 3D</a><br>
2021 August 06: <a href="ap210806.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2021 August 05: <a href="ap210805.html">Tycho and Clavius</a><br>
2021 August 04: <a href="ap210804.html">EHT Resolves Central Jet from Black Hole in Cen A</a><br>
2021 August 03: <a href="ap210803.html">A Perseid Meteor and the Milky Way</a><br>
2021 August 02: <a href="ap210802.html">The Hubble Ultra Deep Field in Light and Sound</a><br>
2021 August 01: <a href="ap210801.html">Pluto in Enhanced Color</a><br>
2021 July 31: <a href="ap210731.html">Remembering NEOWISE</a><br>
2021 July 30: <a href="ap210730.html">Mimas in Saturnlight</a><br>
2021 July 29: <a href="ap210729.html">The Tulip and Cygnus X 1</a><br>
2021 July 28: <a href="ap210728.html">Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741</a><br>
2021 July 27: <a href="ap210727.html">Flemings Triangular Wisp</a><br>
2021 July 26: <a href="ap210726.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2021 July 25: <a href="ap210725.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2021 July 24: <a href="ap210724.html">The Edge of Space</a><br>
2021 July 23: <a href="ap210723.html">Elephant, Bat, and Squid</a><br>
2021 July 22: <a href="ap210722.html">NGC 7814: Little Sombrero with Supernova</a><br>
2021 July 21: <a href="ap210721.html">Colors: Ring Nebula versus Stars</a><br>
2021 July 20: <a href="ap210720.html">Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2021 July 19: <a href="ap210719.html">Framed by Trees: A Window to the Galaxy</a><br>
2021 July 18: <a href="ap210718.html">The Andromeda Galaxy in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2021 July 17: <a href="ap210717.html">Alphonsus and Arzachel</a><br>
2021 July 16: <a href="ap210716.html">Love and War by Moonlight</a><br>
2021 July 15: <a href="ap210715.html">The Dark Tower in Scorpius</a><br>
2021 July 14: <a href="ap210714.html">GW200115: Simulation of a Black Hole Merging with a Neutron Star</a><br>
2021 July 13: <a href="ap210713.html">Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon in 3D</a><br>
2021 July 12: <a href="ap210712.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2021 July 11: <a href="ap210711.html">Find the Moon</a><br>
2021 July 10: <a href="ap210710.html">Mercury and the Da Vinci Glow</a><br>
2021 July 09: <a href="ap210709.html">M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind</a><br>
2021 July 08: <a href="ap210708.html">Perihelion to Aphelion</a><br>
2021 July 07: <a href="ap210707.html">Flight Through the Orion Nebula in Infrared Light</a><br>
2021 July 06: <a href="ap210706.html">Saturn and Six Moons</a><br>
2021 July 05: <a href="ap210705.html">IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2021 July 04: <a href="ap210704.html">The Face on Mars</a><br>
2021 July 03: <a href="ap210703.html">Along the Milky Way</a><br>
2021 July 02: <a href="ap210702.html">AR2835: Islands in the Photosphere</a><br>
2021 July 01: <a href="ap210701.html">Perseverance Selfie with Ingenuity</a><br>
2021 June 30: <a href="ap210630.html">Simulation: Formation of the First Stars</a><br>
2021 June 29: <a href="ap210629.html">Orion Nebula: The Hubble View</a><br>
2021 June 28: <a href="ap210628.html">A Paper Moon Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2021 June 27: <a href="ap210627.html">The Dancing Auroras of Saturn</a><br>
2021 June 26: <a href="ap210626.html">Pixels in the Sun</a><br>
2021 June 25: <a href="ap210625.html">Andromeda in a Single Shot</a><br>
2021 June 24: <a href="ap210624.html">Messier 99</a><br>
2021 June 23: <a href="ap210623.html">STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation</a><br>
2021 June 22: <a href="ap210622.html">HD 163296: Jet from a Star in Formation</a><br>
2021 June 21: <a href="ap210621.html">The Tadpole Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2021 June 20: <a href="ap210620.html">Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge</a><br>
2021 June 19: <a href="ap210619.html">Northern Summer Twilight</a><br>
2021 June 18: <a href="ap210618.html">Devil Horns from a Ring of Fire</a><br>
2021 June 17: <a href="ap210617.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2021 June 16: <a href="ap210616.html">Scorpius Enhanced</a><br>
2021 June 15: <a href="ap210615.html">Zhurong: New Rover on Mars</a><br>
2021 June 14: <a href="ap210614.html">Ganymede from Juno</a><br>
2021 June 13: <a href="ap210613.html">A Supercell Thunderstorm Over Texas</a><br>
2021 June 12: <a href="ap210612.html">Eclipse on the Water</a><br>
2021 June 11: <a href="ap210611.html">Eclipse Flyby</a><br>
2021 June 10: <a href="ap210610.html">Circular Sun Halo</a><br>
2021 June 09: <a href="ap210609.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Corona</a><br>
2021 June 08: <a href="ap210608.html">A Face in the Clouds of Jupiter from Juno</a><br>
2021 June 07: <a href="ap210607.html">A Bright Nova in Cassiopeia</a><br>
2021 June 06: <a href="ap210606.html">A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse</a><br>
2021 June 05: <a href="ap210605.html">The Shining Clouds of Mars</a><br>
2021 June 04: <a href="ap210604.html">Blood Monster Moon</a><br>
2021 June 03: <a href="ap210603.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2021 June 02: <a href="ap210602.html">The Galactic Center in Stars, Gas, and Magnetism</a><br>
2021 June 01: <a href="ap210601.html">Satellites over Orion</a><br>
2021 May 31: <a href="ap210531.html">Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater</a><br>
2021 May 30: <a href="ap210530.html">Aurora over Clouds</a><br>
2021 May 29: <a href="ap210529.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
2021 May 28: <a href="ap210528.html">Total Lunar Eclipse from Sydney</a><br>
2021 May 27: <a href="ap210527.html">Mid Eclipse and Milky Way</a><br>
2021 May 26: <a href="ap210526.html">The Outburst Clouds of Star AG Car</a><br>
2021 May 25: <a href="ap210525.html">The Moon During a Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2021 May 24: <a href="ap210524.html">Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats</a><br>
2021 May 23: <a href="ap210523.html">The Galaxy Tree</a><br>
2021 May 22: <a href="ap210522.html">Markarian's Chain</a><br>
2021 May 21: <a href="ap210521.html">Utopia on Mars</a><br>
2021 May 20: <a href="ap210520.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2021 May 19: <a href="ap210519.html">The Jellyfish and Mars</a><br>
2021 May 18: <a href="ap210518.html">Jets from the Necklace Nebula</a><br>
2021 May 17: <a href="ap210517.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2021 May 16: <a href="ap210516.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2021 May 15: <a href="ap210515.html">The Southern Cliff in the Lagoon</a><br>
2021 May 14: <a href="ap210514.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
2021 May 13: <a href="ap210513.html">The Comet, the Whale, and the Hockey Stick</a><br>
2021 May 12: <a href="ap210512.html">A Meteor and the Gegenschein</a><br>
2021 May 11: <a href="ap210511.html">Lightning and Orion Beyond Uluru</a><br>
2021 May 10: <a href="ap210510.html">Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158</a><br>
2021 May 09: <a href="ap210509.html">Horsehead and Orion Nebulas</a><br>
2021 May 08: <a href="ap210508.html">Deepscape at Yacoraite</a><br>
2021 May 07: <a href="ap210507.html">Mercury-Redstone 3 Launch</a><br>
2021 May 06: <a href="ap210506.html">Windblown NGC 3199</a><br>
2021 May 05: <a href="ap210505.html">STEVE over Copper Harbor</a><br>
2021 May 04: <a href="ap210504.html">Space Station, Solar Prominences, Sun</a><br>
2021 May 03: <a href="ap210503.html">Apollo 11: Earth, Moon, Spaceship</a><br>
2021 May 02: <a href="ap210502.html">Clouds of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2021 May 01: <a href="ap210501.html">Perseverance from Ingenuity</a><br>
2021 April 30: <a href="ap210430.html">Pink and the Perigee Moon</a><br>
2021 April 29: <a href="ap210429.html">Apollo 17: The Crescent Earth</a><br>
2021 April 28: <a href="ap210428.html">North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust</a><br>
2021 April 27: <a href="ap210427.html">Animation: Black Hole Star Shredder</a><br>
2021 April 26: <a href="ap210426.html">A Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2021 April 25: <a href="ap210425.html">Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula</a><br>
2021 April 24: <a href="ap210424.html">Streak and Plume from SpaceX Crew2 Launch</a><br>
2021 April 23: <a href="ap210423.html">Flying Over the Earth at Night II</a><br>
2021 April 22: <a href="ap210422.html">Planet Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2021 April 21: <a href="ap210421.html">Centaurus As Warped Magnetic Fields</a><br>
2021 April 20: <a href="ap210420.html">Ingenuity: First Flight over Mars</a><br>
2021 April 19: <a href="ap210419.html">The Galactic Center in Infrared</a><br>
2021 April 18: <a href="ap210418.html">Rainbow Airglow over the Azores</a><br>
2021 April 17: <a href="ap210417.html">Inside the Flame Nebula</a><br>
2021 April 16: <a href="ap210416.html">The Doubly Warped World of Binary Black Holes</a><br>
2021 April 15: <a href="ap210415.html">The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole</a><br>
2021 April 14: <a href="ap210414.html">The Pencil Nebula Supernova Shock Wave</a><br>
2021 April 13: <a href="ap210413.html">Confirmed Muon Wobble Remains Unexplained</a><br>
2021 April 12: <a href="ap210412.html">Alnitak and the Flame Nebula</a><br>
2021 April 11: <a href="ap210411.html">When Black Holes Collide</a><br>
2021 April 10: <a href="ap210410.html">Zodiacal Night</a><br>
2021 April 09: <a href="ap210409.html">Messier 106</a><br>
2021 April 08: <a href="ap210408.html">3D Ingenuity</a><br>
2021 April 07: <a href="ap210407.html">Threads of NGC 1947</a><br>
2021 April 06: <a href="ap210406.html">Mars and the Pleiades Beyond Vinegar Hill</a><br>
2021 April 05: <a href="ap210405.html">Veil Nebula: Wisps of an Exploded Star</a><br>
2021 April 04: <a href="ap210404.html">In, Through, and Beyond Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2021 April 03: <a href="ap210403.html">Ingenuity on Sol 39</a><br>
2021 April 02: <a href="ap210402.html">NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble</a><br>
2021 April 01: <a href="ap210401.html">Rocket Launch as Seen from the Space Station</a><br>
2021 March 31: <a href="ap210331.html">M87's Central Black Hole in Polarized Light</a><br>
2021 March 30: <a href="ap210330.html">Red Sprite Lightning over the Andes</a><br>
2021 March 29: <a href="ap210329.html">M64: The Evil Eye Galaxy</a><br>
2021 March 28: <a href="ap210328.html">SuitSat 1: A Spacesuit Floats Free</a><br>
2021 March 27: <a href="ap210327.html">Exploring the Antennae</a><br>
2021 March 26: <a href="ap210326.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2021 March 25: <a href="ap210325.html">Curiosity: Sol 3048</a><br>
2021 March 24: <a href="ap210324.html">Aurorae and Lightning on Jupiter</a><br>
2021 March 23: <a href="ap210323.html">Mars over Duddo Stone Circle</a><br>
2021 March 22: <a href="ap210322.html">From Auriga to Orion</a><br>
2021 March 21: <a href="ap210321.html">The Antikythera Mechanism</a><br>
2021 March 20: <a href="ap210320.html">The Leo Trio</a><br>
2021 March 19: <a href="ap210319.html">Central Lagoon in Infrared</a><br>
2021 March 18: <a href="ap210318.html">Stardust in the Perseus Molecular Cloud</a><br>
2021 March 17: <a href="ap210317.html">The Surface of Venus from Venera 14</a><br>
2021 March 16: <a href="ap210316.html">IC 1318: The Butterfly Nebula in Gas and Dust</a><br>
2021 March 15: <a href="ap210315.html">Meteor Fireballs in Light and Sound</a><br>
2021 March 14: <a href="ap210314.html">A Flag Shaped Aurora over Sweden</a><br>
2021 March 13: <a href="ap210313.html">SuperCam Target on Maaz</a><br>
2021 March 12: <a href="ap210312.html">Messier 81</a><br>
2021 March 11: <a href="ap210311.html">Zodiacal Light and Mars</a><br>
2021 March 10: <a href="ap210310.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2021 March 09: <a href="ap210309.html">Perseverance 360: Unusual Rocks and the Search for Life on Mars</a><br>
2021 March 08: <a href="ap210308.html">Three Tails of Comet NEOWISE</a><br>
2021 March 07: <a href="ap210307.html">Pillars of the Eagle Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2021 March 06: <a href="ap210306.html">Perseverance Takes a Spin</a><br>
2021 March 05: <a href="ap210305.html">A Little Like Mars</a><br>
2021 March 04: <a href="ap210304.html">Mars in Taurus</a><br>
2021 March 03: <a href="ap210303.html">Stars over an Erupting Volcano</a><br>
2021 March 02: <a href="ap210302.html">Ingenuity: A Mini Helicopter Now on Mars</a><br>
2021 March 01: <a href="ap210301.html">The Pelican Nebula in Red and Blue</a><br>
2021 February 28: <a href="ap210228.html">The Aurora Tree</a><br>
2021 February 27: <a href="ap210227.html">Perseverance Landing Site from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a><br>
2021 February 26: <a href="ap210226.html">Mars Perseverance Sol 3</a><br>
2021 February 25: <a href="ap210225.html">A Venus Flyby</a><br>
2021 February 24: <a href="ap210224.html">Spiral Galaxy M66 from Hubble</a><br>
2021 February 23: <a href="ap210223.html">Video: Perseverance Landing on Mars</a><br>
2021 February 22: <a href="ap210222.html">Moon Rising Between Starships</a><br>
2021 February 21: <a href="ap210221.html">NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2021 February 20: <a href="ap210220.html">Perseverance: How to Land on Mars</a><br>
2021 February 19: <a href="ap210219.html">Mars Perseverance Sol 0</a><br>
2021 February 18: <a href="ap210218.html">Swiss Alps, Martian Sky</a><br>
2021 February 17: <a href="ap210217.html">Sun Pillar with Upper Tangent Arc</a><br>
2021 February 16: <a href="ap210216.html">Perseverance: Seven Minutes to Mars</a><br>
2021 February 15: <a href="ap210215.html">Landing on Mars: Seven Minutes of Terror</a><br>
2021 February 14: <a href="ap210214.html">Long Stem Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2021 February 13: <a href="ap210213.html">Stereo Eros</a><br>
2021 February 12: <a href="ap210212.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1350</a><br>
2021 February 11: <a href="ap210211.html">Cygnus Mosaic 2010 2020</a><br>
2021 February 10: <a href="ap210210.html">Firing Lasers to Tame the Sky</a><br>
2021 February 09: <a href="ap210209.html">Flashes of the Crab Pulsar</a><br>
2021 February 08: <a href="ap210208.html">WR32 and Interstellar Clouds in Carina</a><br>
2021 February 07: <a href="ap210207.html">Blue Straggler Stars in Globular Cluster M53</a><br>
2021 February 06: <a href="ap210206.html">A Northern Winter Night</a><br>
2021 February 05: <a href="ap210205.html">Apollo 14 Heads for Home</a><br>
2021 February 04: <a href="ap210204.html">Apollo 14: A View from Antares</a><br>
2021 February 03: <a href="ap210203.html">Found on the Moon: Candidate for Oldest Known Earth Rock</a><br>
2021 February 02: <a href="ap210202.html">A Colorful Quadrantid Meteor</a><br>
2021 February 01: <a href="ap210201.html">Lunar Halo over Snowy Trees</a><br>
2021 January 31: <a href="ap210131.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
2021 January 30: <a href="ap210130.html">Southern Sky at 38,000 Feet</a><br>
2021 January 29: <a href="ap210129.html">North American Nightscape</a><br>
2021 January 28: <a href="ap210128.html">Messier 66 Close Up</a><br>
2021 January 27: <a href="ap210127.html">The Vertical Magnetic Field of NGC 5775</a><br>
2021 January 26: <a href="ap210126.html">Central NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2021 January 25: <a href="ap210125.html">Southern Cross over Chilean Volcano</a><br>
2021 January 24: <a href="ap210124.html">Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2021 January 23: <a href="ap210123.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2021 January 22: <a href="ap210122.html">The Milky Ring</a><br>
2021 January 21: <a href="ap210121.html">M78 Wide Field</a><br>
2021 January 20: <a href="ap210120.html">The Magnetic Field of the Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2021 January 19: <a href="ap210119.html">A Lunar Corona with Jupiter and Saturn</a><br>
2021 January 18: <a href="ap210118.html">The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2021 January 17: <a href="ap210117.html">Jets from Unusual Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2021 January 16: <a href="ap210116.html">The Mountains of NGC 2174</a><br>
2021 January 15: <a href="ap210115.html">A Plutonian Landscape</a><br>
2021 January 14: <a href="ap210114.html">Aurora Slathers Up the Sky</a><br>
2021 January 13: <a href="ap210113.html">Arches Across an Arctic Sky</a><br>
2021 January 12: <a href="ap210112.html">A Historic Brazilian Constellation</a><br>
2021 January 11: <a href="ap210111.html">Moon Phases in 2021</a><br>
2021 January 10: <a href="ap210110.html">Star Cluster R136 Breaks Out</a><br>
2021 January 09: <a href="ap210109.html">Titan: Moon over Saturn</a><br>
2021 January 08: <a href="ap210108.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2021 January 07: <a href="ap210107.html">Total Solar Eclipse 2020</a><br>
2021 January 06: <a href="ap210106.html">Striped Sand Dunes on Mars</a><br>
2021 January 05: <a href="ap210105.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2021 January 04: <a href="ap210104.html">Sprite Lightning at 100000 Frames Per Second</a><br>
2021 January 03: <a href="ap210103.html">A Phoenix Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2021 January 02: <a href="ap210102.html">21st Century Wet Collodion Moon</a><br>
2021 January 01: <a href="ap210101.html">Galaxies and the South Celestial Pole</a><br>
2020 December 31: <a href="ap201231.html">Trail of the Returner</a><br>
2020 December 30: <a href="ap201230.html">Jupiter and Saturn Great Conjunction: The Movie</a><br>
2020 December 29: <a href="ap201229.html">Earth During a Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2020 December 28: <a href="ap201228.html">M16: Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2020 December 27: <a href="ap201227.html">Cosmic Latte: The Average Color of the Universe</a><br>
2020 December 26: <a href="ap201226.html">Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree</a><br>
2020 December 25: <a href="ap201225.html">Northern Winter Night</a><br>
2020 December 24: <a href="ap201224.html">Portrait of NGC 1055</a><br>
2020 December 23: <a href="ap201223.html">Jupiter Meets Saturn: A Red Spotted Great Conjunction</a><br>
2020 December 22: <a href="ap201222.html">Trifid Pillars and Jets</a><br>
2020 December 21: <a href="ap201221.html">Solstice: Sunrises Around the Year</a><br>
2020 December 20: <a href="ap201220.html">A Volcanic Great Conjunction</a><br>
2020 December 19: <a href="ap201219.html">Conjunction after Sunset</a><br>
2020 December 18: <a href="ap201218.html">Diamond in the Sky</a><br>
2020 December 17: <a href="ap201217.html">Gemini's Meteors</a><br>
2020 December 16: <a href="ap201216.html">Sonified: The Matter of the Bullet Cluster</a><br>
2020 December 15: <a href="ap201215.html">Great Conjunction: Saturn and Jupiter Converge</a><br>
2020 December 14: <a href="ap201214.html">Capsule Returns from Asteroid Ryugu</a><br>
2020 December 13: <a href="ap201213.html">Geminid Meteors over Xinglong Observatory</a><br>
2020 December 12: <a href="ap201212.html">Saturn and Jupiter in Summer 2020</a><br>
2020 December 11: <a href="ap201211.html">Messier Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2020 December 10: <a href="ap201210.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2020 December 09: <a href="ap201209.html">Arecibo Telescope Collapse</a><br>
2020 December 08: <a href="ap201208.html">Great Conjunction over Sicilian Lighthouse</a><br>
2020 December 07: <a href="ap201207.html">Mammatus Clouds over Mount Rushmore</a><br>
2020 December 06: <a href="ap201206.html">M16: Pillars of Star Creation</a><br>
2020 December 05: <a href="ap201205.html">Mons Rumker in the Ocean of Storms</a><br>
2020 December 04: <a href="ap201204.html">Curly Spiral Galaxy M63</a><br>
2020 December 03: <a href="ap201203.html">The Antennae Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2020 December 02: <a href="ap201202.html">Eye of Moon</a><br>
2020 December 01: <a href="ap201201.html">NGC 346: Star Forming Cluster in the SMC</a><br>
2020 November 30: <a href="ap201130.html">Cygnus Without Stars</a><br>
2020 November 29: <a href="ap201129.html">Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System</a><br>
2020 November 28: <a href="ap201128.html">NGC 6822: Barnard s Galaxy</a><br>
2020 November 27: <a href="ap201127.html">Chang'e 5 Mission Launch</a><br>
2020 November 26: <a href="ap201126.html">The Great Turkey Nebula</a><br>
2020 November 25: <a href="ap201125.html">Andromeda over Patagonia</a><br>
2020 November 24: <a href="ap201124.html">The Helix Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2020 November 23: <a href="ap201123.html">A Jupiter Vista from Juno</a><br>
2020 November 22: <a href="ap201122.html">Dark Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2020 November 21: <a href="ap201121.html">Mars and Meteor over Jade Dragon Snow Mountain</a><br>
2020 November 20: <a href="ap201120.html">Global Map: Mars at Opposition</a><br>
2020 November 19: <a href="ap201119.html">Crew-1 Mission Launch Streak</a><br>
2020 November 18: <a href="ap201118.html">A Double Star Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2020 November 17: <a href="ap201117.html">A Glowing STEVE and the Milky Way</a><br>
2020 November 16: <a href="ap201116.html">Light and Glory over Crete</a><br>
2020 November 15: <a href="ap201115.html">Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866</a><br>
2020 November 14: <a href="ap201114.html">Venus, Mercury, and the Waning Moon</a><br>
2020 November 13: <a href="ap201113.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2020 November 12: <a href="ap201112.html">Comet ATLAS and Orion's Belt</a><br>
2020 November 11: <a href="ap201111.html">Colors of the Moon</a><br>
2020 November 10: <a href="ap201110.html">The Central Soul Nebula Without Stars</a><br>
2020 November 09: <a href="ap201109.html">In Green Company: Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2020 November 08: <a href="ap201108.html">Martian Moon Phobos from Mars Express</a><br>
2020 November 07: <a href="ap201107.html">The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2020 November 06: <a href="ap201106.html">Moon over ISS</a><br>
2020 November 05: <a href="ap201105.html">North of Orion's Belt</a><br>
2020 November 04: <a href="ap201104.html">Fifty Gravitational Wave Events Illustrated</a><br>
2020 November 03: <a href="ap201103.html">Tagging Bennu: The Movie</a><br>
2020 November 02: <a href="ap201102.html">Half Sun with Prominence</a><br>
2020 November 01: <a href="ap201101.html">In the Center of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2020 October 31: <a href="ap201031.html">A Galaxy of Horrors</a><br>
2020 October 30: <a href="ap201030.html">Fear and Dread: The Moons of Mars</a><br>
2020 October 29: <a href="ap201029.html">The Ghoul of IC 2118</a><br>
2020 October 28: <a href="ap201028.html">NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula</a><br>
2020 October 27: <a href="ap201027.html">Venusian Volcano Imagined</a><br>
2020 October 26: <a href="ap201026.html">Reflections of the Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2020 October 25: <a href="ap201025.html">Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe</a><br>
2020 October 24: <a href="ap201024.html">Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc</a><br>
2020 October 23: <a href="ap201023.html">Supernova in NGC 2525</a><br>
2020 October 22: <a href="ap201022.html">Tagging Bennu</a><br>
2020 October 21: <a href="ap201021.html">A Night Sky Vista from Sardinia</a><br>
2020 October 20: <a href="ap201020.html">Saturn and Jupiter over Italian Peaks</a><br>
2020 October 19: <a href="ap201019.html">A Flight over Jupiter Near the Great Red Spot</a><br>
2020 October 18: <a href="ap201018.html">UGC 1810: Wildly Interacting Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2020 October 17: <a href="ap201017.html">Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent</a><br>
2020 October 16: <a href="ap201016.html">Planetary Nebula Abell 78</a><br>
2020 October 15: <a href="ap201015.html">Galaxies in Pegasus</a><br>
2020 October 14: <a href="ap201014.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2020 October 13: <a href="ap201013.html">Mars, Pleiades, and Andromeda over Stone Lions</a><br>
2020 October 12: <a href="ap201012.html">Descending Toward Asteroid Bennu</a><br>
2020 October 11: <a href="ap201011.html">Milky Way over the Pinnacles in Australia</a><br>
2020 October 10: <a href="ap201010.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
2020 October 09: <a href="ap201009.html">The Very Large Array at Moonset</a><br>
2020 October 08: <a href="ap201008.html">Mare Frigoris</a><br>
2020 October 07: <a href="ap201007.html">Ou4: A Giant Squid in a Flying Bat</a><br>
2020 October 06: <a href="ap201006.html">Mars Approach 2020</a><br>
2020 October 05: <a href="ap201005.html">NGC 5643: Nearby Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2020 October 04: <a href="ap201004.html">Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2020 October 03: <a href="ap201003.html">Driving to the Sun</a><br>
2020 October 02: <a href="ap201002.html">Biking to the Moon</a><br>
2020 October 01: <a href="ap201001.html">Solis Lacus: The Eye of Mars</a><br>
2020 September 30: <a href="ap200930.html">Sonified: Eagle Nebula Pillars</a><br>
2020 September 29: <a href="ap200929.html">GW Orionis: A Star System with Tilted Rings</a><br>
2020 September 28: <a href="ap200928.html">Filaments of the Cygnus Loop</a><br>
2020 September 27: <a href="ap200927.html">Lightning over Colorado</a><br>
2020 September 26: <a href="ap200926.html">Moon Pairs and the Synodic Month</a><br>
2020 September 25: <a href="ap200925.html">Moon over Andromeda</a><br>
2020 September 24: <a href="ap200924.html">Enceladus in Infrared</a><br>
2020 September 23: <a href="ap200923.html">ISS Transits Mars</a><br>
2020 September 22: <a href="ap200922.html">Equinox in the Sky</a><br>
2020 September 21: <a href="ap200921.html">Omega Sunrise</a><br>
2020 September 20: <a href="ap200920.html">Breaking Distant Light</a><br>
2020 September 19: <a href="ap200919.html">Orion in Depth</a><br>
2020 September 18: <a href="ap200918.html">Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries</a><br>
2020 September 17: <a href="ap200917.html">Solar Cycle 25 Begins</a><br>
2020 September 16: <a href="ap200916.html">Gravel Ejected from Asteroid Bennu</a><br>
2020 September 15: <a href="ap200915.html">Biomarker Phosphine Discovered in the Atmosphere of Venus</a><br>
2020 September 14: <a href="ap200914.html">Corn Moon Rising</a><br>
2020 September 13: <a href="ap200913.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2020 September 12: <a href="ap200912.html">A Thousand Meteors</a><br>
2020 September 11: <a href="ap200911.html">The Reappearance of Mars</a><br>
2020 September 10: <a href="ap200910.html">Jupiter's Swimming Storm</a><br>
2020 September 09: <a href="ap200909.html">Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster</a><br>
2020 September 08: <a href="ap200908.html">GW190521: Unexpected Black Holes Collide</a><br>
2020 September 07: <a href="ap200907.html">The Milky Way over St Michaels Mount</a><br>
2020 September 06: <a href="ap200906.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2020 September 05: <a href="ap200905.html">A Falcon 9 Moon</a><br>
2020 September 04: <a href="ap200904.html">The Wizard Nebula</a><br>
2020 September 03: <a href="ap200903.html">A Halo for Andromeda</a><br>
2020 September 02: <a href="ap200902.html">Jupiter and the Moons</a><br>
2020 September 01: <a href="ap200901.html">Salt Water Remnants on Ceres</a><br>
2020 August 31: <a href="ap200831.html">SS 433: Binary Star Micro Quasar</a><br>
2020 August 30: <a href="ap200830.html">NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars</a><br>
2020 August 29: <a href="ap200829.html">Martian Chiaroscuro</a><br>
2020 August 28: <a href="ap200828.html">The Valley of Orion</a><br>
2020 August 27: <a href="ap200827.html">Shell Galaxies in Pisces</a><br>
2020 August 26: <a href="ap200826.html">Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2020 August 25: <a href="ap200825.html">Visualization: A Black Hole Accretion Disk</a><br>
2020 August 24: <a href="ap200824.html">Crescent Moon HDR</a><br>
2020 August 23: <a href="ap200823.html">The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble</a><br>
2020 August 22: <a href="ap200822.html">Yogi And Friends in 3D</a><br>
2020 August 21: <a href="ap200821.html">Unwinding M51</a><br>
2020 August 20: <a href="ap200820.html">Seeing Titan</a><br>
2020 August 19: <a href="ap200819.html">The Sun Rotating</a><br>
2020 August 18: <a href="ap200818.html">TYC 8998 760 1: Multiple Planets around a Sun Like Star</a><br>
2020 August 17: <a href="ap200817.html">Perseids Around the Milky Way</a><br>
2020 August 16: <a href="ap200816.html">NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2020 August 15: <a href="ap200815.html">Mars at the Moons Edge</a><br>
2020 August 14: <a href="ap200814.html">NGC 5189: An Unusually Complex Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2020 August 13: <a href="ap200813.html">Jupiter and Saturn Rising Beyond Alien Throne Rock</a><br>
2020 August 12: <a href="ap200812.html">The Shifting Tails of Comet NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 August 11: <a href="ap200811.html">Churning Clouds on Jupiter</a><br>
2020 August 10: <a href="ap200810.html">Perseids from Perseus</a><br>
2020 August 09: <a href="ap200809.html">The Origin of Elements</a><br>
2020 August 08: <a href="ap200808.html">Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2020 August 07: <a href="ap200807.html">The Pipe Nebula</a><br>
2020 August 06: <a href="ap200806.html">Messier 20 and 21</a><br>
2020 August 05: <a href="ap200805.html">Picture Rocks Sun Dagger</a><br>
2020 August 04: <a href="ap200804.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2020 August 03: <a href="ap200803.html">Comet NEOWISE over Vikos Gorge</a><br>
2020 August 02: <a href="ap200802.html">Two Worlds One Sun</a><br>
2020 August 01: <a href="ap200801.html">The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2020 July 31: <a href="ap200731.html">Mars 2020 from 5,000 Feet</a><br>
2020 July 30: <a href="ap200730.html">The Red Planet Mars</a><br>
2020 July 29: <a href="ap200729.html">The Giants of Summer</a><br>
2020 July 28: <a href="ap200728.html">APOD: 2020 July 28 – NGC 6188: The Dragons of Ara</a><br>
2020 July 27: <a href="ap200727.html">APOD: 2020 July 27 – Comet and Lightning Beyond Bighorn Mountains</a><br>
2020 July 26: <a href="ap200726.html">APOD: 2020 July 26 – A Flight through the Hubble Ultra Deep Field</a><br>
2020 July 25: <a href="ap200725.html">Tianwen 1 Mission to Mars</a><br>
2020 July 24: <a href="ap200724.html">MAGIC NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 23: <a href="ap200723.html">Fairytale NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 22: <a href="ap200722.html">APOD: 2020 July 22 – The Structured Tails of Comet NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 21: <a href="ap200721.html">Iron in the Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2020 July 20: <a href="ap200720.html">Comet NEOWISE and Nebulae</a><br>
2020 July 19: <a href="ap200719.html">Rotating Moon from LRO</a><br>
2020 July 18: <a href="ap200718.html">Finding NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 17: <a href="ap200717.html">NEOWISE of the North</a><br>
2020 July 16: <a href="ap200716.html">The Long Tails of Comet NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 15: <a href="ap200715.html">Comet NEOWISE over the Swiss Alps</a><br>
2020 July 14: <a href="ap200714.html">Comet NEOWISE over Stonehenge</a><br>
2020 July 13: <a href="ap200713.html">Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea</a><br>
2020 July 12: <a href="ap200712.html">Comet CG Creates Its Dust Tail</a><br>
2020 July 11: <a href="ap200711.html">The Tails of Comet NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 10: <a href="ap200710.html">Comet NEOWISE from the ISS</a><br>
2020 July 09: <a href="ap200709.html">Noctilucent NEOWISE</a><br>
2020 July 08: <a href="ap200708.html">Mercury's Sodium Tail</a><br>
2020 July 07: <a href="ap200707.html">Comet NEOWISE over Lebanon</a><br>
2020 July 06: <a href="ap200706.html">M43: Dust, Gas, and Stars in the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2020 July 05: <a href="ap200705.html">Saturns Northern Hexagon</a><br>
2020 July 04: <a href="ap200704.html">Meeting in the Mesosphere</a><br>
2020 July 03: <a href="ap200703.html">Lynds Dark Nebula 1251</a><br>
2020 July 02: <a href="ap200702.html">The Galaxy, the Planet, and the Apple Tree</a><br>
2020 July 01: <a href="ap200701.html">Our Rotating Earth</a><br>
2020 June 30: <a href="ap200630.html">Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble</a><br>
2020 June 29: <a href="ap200629.html">Dark Sky Reflections</a><br>
2020 June 28: <a href="ap200628.html">Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1</a><br>
2020 June 27: <a href="ap200627.html">Eclipse under the ISS</a><br>
2020 June 26: <a href="ap200626.html">Eclipse under the Bamboo</a><br>
2020 June 25: <a href="ap200625.html">Eclipse Street, Hong Kong</a><br>
2020 June 24: <a href="ap200624.html">Inverted City Beneath Clouds</a><br>
2020 June 23: <a href="ap200623.html">The X Ray Sky from eROSITA</a><br>
2020 June 22: <a href="ap200622.html">Moon Mountains Magnified during Ring of Fire Eclipse</a><br>
2020 June 21: <a href="ap200621.html">Moon Occults Venus</a><br>
2020 June 20: <a href="ap200620.html">Northern Summer on Titan</a><br>
2020 June 19: <a href="ap200619.html">The Veins of Heaven</a><br>
2020 June 18: <a href="ap200618.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2020 June 17: <a href="ap200617.html">Magnetic Streamlines of the Milky Way</a><br>
2020 June 16: <a href="ap200616.html">APOD is 25 Years Old Today</a><br>
2020 June 15: <a href="ap200615.html">A Ring of Fire Sunrise Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2020 June 14: <a href="ap200614.html">Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth</a><br>
2020 June 13: <a href="ap200613.html">SpaceX Demo-2 Launch</a><br>
2020 June 12: <a href="ap200612.html">NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2020 June 11: <a href="ap200611.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2020 June 09: <a href="ap200609.html">Orion over Argentine Mountains</a><br>
2020 June 08: <a href="ap200608.html">Atmospheric Ring of Venus</a><br>
2020 June 07: <a href="ap200607.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2020 June 06: <a href="ap200606.html">Comet PanSTARRs and the Galaxies</a><br>
2020 June 05: <a href="ap200605.html">Dragon over Central Park</a><br>
2020 June 04: <a href="ap200604.html">Portrait of NGC 3628</a><br>
2020 June 03: <a href="ap200603.html">The Dance of Venus and Earth</a><br>
2020 June 02: <a href="ap200602.html">Novel Coronavirus Attacks Humanity</a><br>
2020 June 01: <a href="ap200601.html">The Lively Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2020 May 31: <a href="ap200531.html">Aurora over Sweden</a><br>
2020 May 30: <a href="ap200530.html">Green Flashes: Sun, Moon, Venus, Mercury</a><br>
2020 May 29: <a href="ap200529.html">Mercury Meets Crescent Venus</a><br>
2020 May 28: <a href="ap200528.html">Reflecting the International Space Station</a><br>
2020 May 27: <a href="ap200527.html">Earth and Moon through Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2020 May 26: <a href="ap200526.html">The Milky Way over Snow Capped Himalayas</a><br>
2020 May 25: <a href="ap200525.html">Mystic Mountain Monster being Destroyed</a><br>
2020 May 24: <a href="ap200524.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2020 May 23: <a href="ap200523.html">Ghost Fungus to Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2020 May 22: <a href="ap200522.html">South of Carina</a><br>
2020 May 21: <a href="ap200521.html">Phases of Venus</a><br>
2020 May 20: <a href="ap200520.html">Moon, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Milk Way</a><br>
2020 May 19: <a href="ap200519.html">Posters of the Solar System</a><br>
2020 May 18: <a href="ap200518.html">Journey into the Cosmic Reef</a><br>
2020 May 17: <a href="ap200517.html">A Waterspout in Florida</a><br>
2020 May 16: <a href="ap200516.html">The Dark River to Antares</a><br>
2020 May 15: <a href="ap200515.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82</a><br>
2020 May 14: <a href="ap200514.html">Comet Halley vs Comet SWAN</a><br>
2020 May 13: <a href="ap200513.html">Jupiter in Infrared from Gemini</a><br>
2020 May 12: <a href="ap200512.html">Lyrid Meteors from the Constellation Lyra</a><br>
2020 May 11: <a href="ap200511.html">Behind Betelgeuse</a><br>
2020 May 10: <a href="ap200510.html">The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2020 May 09: <a href="ap200509.html">Full Flower Moonrise</a><br>
2020 May 08: <a href="ap200508.html">Long Tailed Comet SWAN</a><br>
2020 May 07: <a href="ap200507.html">Analemma of the Moon</a><br>
2020 May 06: <a href="ap200506.html">LDN 1471: A Windblown Star Cavity</a><br>
2020 May 05: <a href="ap200505.html">Carina in Perspective</a><br>
2020 May 04: <a href="ap200504.html">Earth Flyby of BepiColombo</a><br>
2020 May 03: <a href="ap200503.html">A Message from Earth</a><br>
2020 May 02: <a href="ap200502.html">Radio, The Big Ear, and the WOW Signal</a><br>
2020 May 01: <a href="ap200501.html">A View Toward M106</a><br>
2020 April 30: <a href="ap200430.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2020 April 29: <a href="ap200429.html">The Ion Tail of New Comet SWAN</a><br>
2020 April 28: <a href="ap200428.html">The Kepler 90 Planetary System</a><br>
2020 April 27: <a href="ap200427.html">Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturns Enceladus</a><br>
2020 April 26: <a href="ap200426.html">Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe</a><br>
2020 April 25: <a href="ap200425.html">Hubble's Cosmic Reef</a><br>
2020 April 24: <a href="ap200424.html">Around the World at Night</a><br>
2020 April 23: <a href="ap200423.html">Lyrid Meteor Streak</a><br>
2020 April 22: <a href="ap200422.html">Planet Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2020 April 21: <a href="ap200421.html">Eye on the Milky Way</a><br>
2020 April 20: <a href="ap200420.html">IC 2944: The Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2020 April 19: <a href="ap200419.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2020 April 18: <a href="ap200418.html">Just Another Day on Aerosol Earth</a><br>
2020 April 17: <a href="ap200417.html">The Windmill and the Star Trails</a><br>
2020 April 16: <a href="ap200416.html">Comet ATLAS Breaks Up</a><br>
2020 April 15: <a href="ap200415.html">A Cosmic Triangle</a><br>
2020 April 14: <a href="ap200414.html">NGC 253: The Silver Coin Galaxy</a><br>
2020 April 13: <a href="ap200413.html">A Sailing Stone across Death Valley</a><br>
2020 April 12: <a href="ap200412.html">The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble</a><br>
2020 April 11: <a href="ap200411.html">Venus and the Pleiades in April</a><br>
2020 April 10: <a href="ap200410.html">Full Moon of Spring</a><br>
2020 April 09: <a href="ap200409.html">A Flow of Time</a><br>
2020 April 08: <a href="ap200408.html">Country Sky versus City Sky</a><br>
2020 April 07: <a href="ap200407.html">A Path North</a><br>
2020 April 06: <a href="ap200406.html">NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2020 April 05: <a href="ap200405.html">Color the Universe</a><br>
2020 April 04: <a href="ap200404.html">Venus and the Sisters</a><br>
2020 April 03: <a href="ap200403.html">The Traffic in Taurus</a><br>
2020 April 02: <a href="ap200402.html">Venus and the Pleiades in April</a><br>
2020 April 01: <a href="ap200401.html">Asteroid or Potato</a><br>
2020 March 31: <a href="ap200331.html">The Galactic Center from Radio to X ray</a><br>
2020 March 30: <a href="ap200330.html">The Colors of Saturn from Cassini</a><br>
2020 March 29: <a href="ap200329.html">A 212 Hour Exposure of Orion</a><br>
2020 March 28: <a href="ap200328.html">Stars Trail over Ragusa</a><br>
2020 March 27: <a href="ap200327.html">A Little Drop of Galaxy</a><br>
2020 March 26: <a href="ap200326.html">Andromeda Station</a><br>
2020 March 25: <a href="ap200325.html">Star Forming Region S106</a><br>
2020 March 24: <a href="ap200324.html">A Black Hole Disrupts a Passing Star</a><br>
2020 March 23: <a href="ap200323.html">From the Pleiades to the Eridanus Loop</a><br>
2020 March 22: <a href="ap200322.html">Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano</a><br>
2020 March 21: <a href="ap200321.html">Comet ATLAS and the Mighty Galaxies</a><br>
2020 March 20: <a href="ap200320.html">Morning, Planets, Moon, and Montreal</a><br>
2020 March 19: <a href="ap200319.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2020 March 18: <a href="ap200318.html">Anticrepuscular Rays over Florida</a><br>
2020 March 17: <a href="ap200317.html">M77: Spiral Galaxy with an Active Center</a><br>
2020 March 16: <a href="ap200316.html">A Moon Dressed Like Saturn</a><br>
2020 March 15: <a href="ap200315.html">The Snows of Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2020 March 14: <a href="ap200314.html">Moonrise and Mountain Shadow</a><br>
2020 March 13: <a href="ap200313.html">Starry Night by Jean François Millet</a><br>
2020 March 12: <a href="ap200312.html">Falcon 9 Boostback</a><br>
2020 March 11: <a href="ap200311.html">An Extreme Black Hole Outburst</a><br>
2020 March 10: <a href="ap200310.html">Wide Field: Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree</a><br>
2020 March 09: <a href="ap200309.html">Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Chile</a><br>
2020 March 08: <a href="ap200308.html">Wolf Rayet Star 124: Stellar Wind Machine</a><br>
2020 March 07: <a href="ap200307.html">Pic du Midi Panorama</a><br>
2020 March 06: <a href="ap200306.html">Mars Panorama from Curiosity</a><br>
2020 March 05: <a href="ap200305.html">The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty</a><br>
2020 March 04: <a href="ap200304.html">The Slow Dance of Galaxies NGC 5394 and 5395</a><br>
2020 March 03: <a href="ap200303.html">Apollo 13 Views of the Moon</a><br>
2020 March 02: <a href="ap200302.html">Sharpless 308: The Dolphin Nebula</a><br>
2020 March 01: <a href="ap200301.html">A Hole in Mars</a><br>
2020 February 29: <a href="ap200229.html">Julius Caesar and Leap Days</a><br>
2020 February 28: <a href="ap200228.html">South Celestial Rocket Launch</a><br>
2020 February 27: <a href="ap200227.html">Two Hemisphere Night Sky</a><br>
2020 February 26: <a href="ap200226.html">NGST-10b: Discovery of a Doomed Planet</a><br>
2020 February 25: <a href="ap200225.html">Jupiter's Magnetic Field from Juno</a><br>
2020 February 24: <a href="ap200224.html">Moon Corona, Halo, and Arcs over Manitoba</a><br>
2020 February 23: <a href="ap200223.html">Illustris Simulation of the Universe</a><br>
2020 February 22: <a href="ap200222.html">Central Centaurus A</a><br>
2020 February 21: <a href="ap200221.html">LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2020 February 20: <a href="ap200220.html">Trifecta at Twilight</a><br>
2020 February 19: <a href="ap200219.html">UGC 12591: The Fastest Rotating Galaxy Known</a><br>
2020 February 18: <a href="ap200218.html">Orion over the Central Bohemian Highlands</a><br>
2020 February 17: <a href="ap200217.html">The Changing Surface of Fading Betelgeuse</a><br>
2020 February 16: <a href="ap200216.html">NGC 2392: Double Shelled Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2020 February 15: <a href="ap200215.html">Carina Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2020 February 14: <a href="ap200214.html">The Pale Blue Dot</a><br>
2020 February 13: <a href="ap200213.html">Spitzer's Trifid</a><br>
2020 February 12: <a href="ap200212.html">Star Trails of the North and South</a><br>
2020 February 11: <a href="ap200211.html">Launch of the Solar Orbiter</a><br>
2020 February 10: <a href="ap200210.html">Solar Eclipse over the UAE</a><br>
2020 February 09: <a href="ap200209.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2020 February 08: <a href="ap200208.html">Cosmic Clouds in the Unicorn</a><br>
2020 February 07: <a href="ap200207.html">NGC 7331 Close Up</a><br>
2020 February 06: <a href="ap200206.html">Southern Moonscape</a><br>
2020 February 05: <a href="ap200205.html">Lunar Eclipse Perspectives</a><br>
2020 February 04: <a href="ap200204.html">A Sunset Night Sky over the Grand Canyon</a><br>
2020 February 03: <a href="ap200203.html">Solar Granules at Record High Resolution</a><br>
2020 February 02: <a href="ap200202.html">Zeta Oph: Runaway Star</a><br>
2020 February 01: <a href="ap200201.html">Apollo 14 Heads for Home</a><br>
2020 January 31: <a href="ap200131.html">Goldilocks Zones and Stars</a><br>
2020 January 30: <a href="ap200130.html">Two Clusters and a Comet</a><br>
2020 January 29: <a href="ap200129.html">Milky Way over Yellowstone</a><br>
2020 January 28: <a href="ap200128.html">Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula</a><br>
2020 January 27: <a href="ap200127.html">Comet CG Evaporates</a><br>
2020 January 26: <a href="ap200126.html">Hills Ridges and Tracks on Mars</a><br>
2020 January 25: <a href="ap200125.html">Rubin's Galaxy</a><br>
2020 January 24: <a href="ap200124.html">Into the Shadow</a><br>
2020 January 23: <a href="ap200123.html">Globular Star Cluster NGC 6752</a><br>
2020 January 22: <a href="ap200122.html">The Hyades Star Cluster</a><br>
2020 January 21: <a href="ap200121.html">Parker: Sounds of the Solar Wind</a><br>
2020 January 20: <a href="ap200120.html">Quadrantid Meteors through Orion</a><br>
2020 January 19: <a href="ap200119.html">M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab Nebula</a><br>
2020 January 18: <a href="ap200118.html">An Almost Eclipse of the Moon</a><br>
2020 January 17: <a href="ap200117.html">Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit</a><br>
2020 January 16: <a href="ap200116.html">NGC 247 and Friends</a><br>
2020 January 15: <a href="ap200115.html">Iridescent Clouds over Sweden</a><br>
2020 January 14: <a href="ap200114.html">Evidence of an Active Volcano on Venus</a><br>
2020 January 13: <a href="ap200113.html">A Desert Eclipse</a><br>
2020 January 12: <a href="ap200112.html">Stars and Dust in Corona Australis</a><br>
2020 January 11: <a href="ap200111.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2020 January 10: <a href="ap200110.html">Nacreous Clouds over Sweden</a><br>
2020 January 09: <a href="ap200109.html">Perihelion to Aphelion</a><br>
2020 January 08: <a href="ap200108.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2020 January 07: <a href="ap200107.html">IC 405: The Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2020 January 06: <a href="ap200106.html">Tumultuous Clouds of Jupiter</a><br>
2020 January 05: <a href="ap200105.html">A Starry Night of Iceland</a><br>
2020 January 04: <a href="ap200104.html">Aurora Slathers Up the Sky</a><br>
2020 January 03: <a href="ap200103.html">Quadrantids over the Great Wall</a><br>
2020 January 02: <a href="ap200102.html">The Fainting of Betelgeuse</a><br>
2020 January 01: <a href="ap200101.html">Betelgeuse Imagined</a><br>
2019 December 31: <a href="ap191231.html">M33: The Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2019 December 30: <a href="ap191230.html">Messier 20 and 21</a><br>
2019 December 29: <a href="ap191229.html">Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane</a><br>
2019 December 28: <a href="ap191228.html">A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse</a><br>
2019 December 27: <a href="ap191227.html">A Partial Solar Eclipse Sequence Reflected</a><br>
2019 December 26: <a href="ap191226.html">The Northern Winter Hexagon</a><br>
2019 December 25: <a href="ap191225.html">An Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico</a><br>
2019 December 24: <a href="ap191224.html">A Northern Winter Sky Panorama</a><br>
2019 December 23: <a href="ap191223.html">Places for OSIRIS REx to Touch Asteroid Bennu</a><br>
2019 December 22: <a href="ap191222.html">Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky</a><br>
2019 December 21: <a href="ap191221.html">Solstice to Solstice Solargraph Timelapse</a><br>
2019 December 20: <a href="ap191220.html">Late Afternoon on Mars</a><br>
2019 December 19: <a href="ap191219.html">Apollo 17's Moonship</a><br>
2019 December 18: <a href="ap191218.html">A Hotspot Map of Neutron Star J0030s Surface</a><br>
2019 December 17: <a href="ap191217.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2019 December 16: <a href="ap191216.html">The Magnetic Fields of Spiral Galaxy M77</a><br>
2019 December 15: <a href="ap191215.html">Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska</a><br>
2019 December 14: <a href="ap191214.html">Interstellar Comet 2I Borisov</a><br>
2019 December 13: <a href="ap191213.html">Full Moon Geminids</a><br>
2019 December 12: <a href="ap191212.html">Decorating the Sky</a><br>
2019 December 11: <a href="ap191211.html">N63A: Supernova Remnant in Visible and X-ray</a><br>
2019 December 10: <a href="ap191210.html">Starlink Satellite Trails over Brazil</a><br>
2019 December 09: <a href="ap191209.html">Looking Sideways from the Parker Solar Probe</a><br>
2019 December 08: <a href="ap191208.html">Geminid Meteors over Chile</a><br>
2019 December 07: <a href="ap191207.html">Lines of Time</a><br>
2019 December 06: <a href="ap191206.html">Pleiades to Hyades</a><br>
2019 December 05: <a href="ap191205.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744</a><br>
2019 December 04: <a href="ap191204.html">Electric Night</a><br>
2019 December 03: <a href="ap191203.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2019 December 02: <a href="ap191202.html">Mercury Crosses a Quiet Sun</a><br>
2019 December 01: <a href="ap191201.html">Starburst Galaxy M94 from Hubble</a><br>
2019 November 30: <a href="ap191130.html">Star Trails for a Red Planet</a><br>
2019 November 29: <a href="ap191129.html">Galileo's Europa Remastered</a><br>
2019 November 28: <a href="ap191128.html">Moon and Planets at Twilight</a><br>
2019 November 27: <a href="ap191127.html">Hoags Object: A Nearly Perfect Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2019 November 26: <a href="ap191126.html">Venus and Jupiter on the Horizon</a><br>
2019 November 25: <a href="ap191125.html">NGC 6995: The Bat Nebula</a><br>
2019 November 24: <a href="ap191124.html">Apollo 12: Self Portrait</a><br>
2019 November 23: <a href="ap191123.html">Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3 Stereo View</a><br>
2019 November 22: <a href="ap191122.html">Orion Rising</a><br>
2019 November 21: <a href="ap191121.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2019 November 20: <a href="ap191120.html">Arp 273: Battling Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2019 November 19: <a href="ap191119.html">Milky Way over Uruguayan Lighthouse</a><br>
2019 November 18: <a href="ap191118.html">Passing Asteroid Arrokoth</a><br>
2019 November 17: <a href="ap191117.html">Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud</a><br>
2019 November 16: <a href="ap191116.html">The Star Streams of NGC 5907</a><br>
2019 November 15: <a href="ap191115.html">M16 and the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2019 November 14: <a href="ap191114.html">Mercury and the Quiet Sun</a><br>
2019 November 13: <a href="ap191113.html">Mercury in Silhouette</a><br>
2019 November 12: <a href="ap191112.html">NGC 3717: A Nearly Sideways Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2019 November 11: <a href="ap191111.html">Lunar Craters Langrenus and Petavius</a><br>
2019 November 10: <a href="ap191110.html">A Mercury Transit Sequence</a><br>
2019 November 09: <a href="ap191109.html">Saturn the Giant</a><br>
2019 November 08: <a href="ap191108.html">NGC 3572 and the Southern Tadpoles</a><br>
2019 November 07: <a href="ap191107.html">Messier 45: The Daughters of Atlas and Pleione</a><br>
2019 November 06: <a href="ap191106.html">21st Century M101</a><br>
2019 November 05: <a href="ap191105.html">Spiral Galaxies Spinning Super Fast</a><br>
2019 November 04: <a href="ap191104.html">Near the Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2019 November 03: <a href="ap191103.html">Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn</a><br>
2019 November 02: <a href="ap191102.html">Inside the Flame Nebula</a><br>
2019 November 01: <a href="ap191101.html">The Day After Mars</a><br>
2019 October 31: <a href="ap191031.html">The Ghostly Veil Nebula</a><br>
2019 October 30: <a href="ap191030.html">M42: Inside the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2019 October 29: <a href="ap191029.html">Curiosity Rover Finds a Clay Cache on Mars</a><br>
2019 October 28: <a href="ap191028.html">The Space Station Crosses a Spotless Sun</a><br>
2019 October 27: <a href="ap191027.html">Ghost Aurora over Canada</a><br>
2019 October 26: <a href="ap191026.html">Gravity s Grin</a><br>
2019 October 25: <a href="ap191025.html">The Ghosts of Cassiopeia</a><br>
2019 October 24: <a href="ap191024.html">Dark Seahorse in Cepheus</a><br>
2019 October 23: <a href="ap191023.html">Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh</a><br>
2019 October 22: <a href="ap191022.html">Night Sky Reflections from the Worlds Largest Mirror</a><br>
2019 October 21: <a href="ap191021.html">A Mercury Transit Music Video from SDO</a><br>
2019 October 20: <a href="ap191020.html">Pluto at Night</a><br>
2019 October 19: <a href="ap191019.html">All Female Spacewalk Repairs Space Station</a><br>
2019 October 18: <a href="ap191018.html">Interstellar Interloper 2I/Borisov</a><br>
2019 October 17: <a href="ap191017.html">Moons of Saturn</a><br>
2019 October 16: <a href="ap191016.html">BHB2007: A Baby Binary Star in Formation</a><br>
2019 October 15: <a href="ap191015.html">The Galaxy Above</a><br>
2019 October 14: <a href="ap191014.html">Andromeda before Photoshop</a><br>
2019 October 13: <a href="ap191013.html">A Stellar Jewel Box: Open Cluster NGC 290</a><br>
2019 October 12: <a href="ap191012.html">Interplanetary Earth</a><br>
2019 October 11: <a href="ap191011.html">Planet Earth at Blue Hour</a><br>
2019 October 10: <a href="ap191010.html">Mid-Air Meteor and Milky Way</a><br>
2019 October 09: <a href="ap191009.html">NGC 7714: Starburst after Galaxy Collision</a><br>
2019 October 08: <a href="ap191008.html">Sprite Lightning in HD</a><br>
2019 October 07: <a href="ap191007.html">Io Eclipse Shadow on Jupiter from Juno</a><br>
2019 October 06: <a href="ap191006.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2019 October 05: <a href="ap191005.html">Jupiter and the Moons</a><br>
2019 October 04: <a href="ap191004.html">InSight on a Cloudy Day</a><br>
2019 October 03: <a href="ap191003.html">The Hydrogen Clouds of M33</a><br>
2019 October 02: <a href="ap191002.html">Molecular Clouds in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2019 October 01: <a href="ap191001.html">Black Hole Safety Video</a><br>
2019 September 30: <a href="ap190930.html">Orion Rising over Brazil</a><br>
2019 September 29: <a href="ap190929.html">MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2019 September 28: <a href="ap190928.html">An Analemma of the Sun</a><br>
2019 September 27: <a href="ap190927.html">The Annotated Galactic Center</a><br>
2019 September 26: <a href="ap190926.html">Da Vinci Rise</a><br>
2019 September 25: <a href="ap190925.html">The Pelican Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2019 September 24: <a href="ap190924.html">Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars</a><br>
2019 September 23: <a href="ap190923.html">Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice</a><br>
2019 September 22: <a href="ap190922.html">Eye Sky a Dragon</a><br>
2019 September 21: <a href="ap190921.html">The Tulip in the Swan</a><br>
2019 September 20: <a href="ap190920.html">Saturn at Night</a><br>
2019 September 19: <a href="ap190919.html">Along the Western Veil</a><br>
2019 September 18: <a href="ap190918.html">Gigantic Jet Lightning over India</a><br>
2019 September 17: <a href="ap190917.html">Water Vapor Discovered on Distant Exoplanet</a><br>
2019 September 16: <a href="ap190916.html">A Lunar Corona over Turin</a><br>
2019 September 15: <a href="ap190915.html">A Long Storm System on Saturn</a><br>
2019 September 14: <a href="ap190914.html">Little Planet to Exoplanets</a><br>
2019 September 13: <a href="ap190913.html">A Harvest Moon</a><br>
2019 September 12: <a href="ap190912.html">The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust</a><br>
2019 September 11: <a href="ap190911.html">IC 1805: The Heart Nebula</a><br>
2019 September 10: <a href="ap190910.html">Pluto in True Color</a><br>
2019 September 09: <a href="ap190909.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2019 September 08: <a href="ap190908.html">Perijove 11: Passing Jupiter</a><br>
2019 September 07: <a href="ap190907.html">In Wolf's Cave</a><br>
2019 September 06: <a href="ap190906.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2019 September 05: <a href="ap190905.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2019 September 04: <a href="ap190904.html">The Spider Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2019 September 03: <a href="ap190903.html">Unusual Signal Suggests Neutron Star Destroyed by Black Hole</a><br>
2019 September 02: <a href="ap190902.html">The Moon and Jupiter over the Alps</a><br>
2019 September 01: <a href="ap190901.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2019 August 31: <a href="ap190831.html">Spitzer's Orion</a><br>
2019 August 30: <a href="ap190830.html">NGC 7129 and NGC 7142</a><br>
2019 August 29: <a href="ap190829.html">M27: Not a Comet</a><br>
2019 August 28: <a href="ap190828.html">Messier 61 Close Up</a><br>
2019 August 27: <a href="ap190827.html">Dark Dust and Colorful Clouds near Antares</a><br>
2019 August 26: <a href="ap190826.html">NGC 2170: Angel Nebula Still Life</a><br>
2019 August 25: <a href="ap190825.html">Leaving Earth</a><br>
2019 August 24: <a href="ap190824.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2019 August 23: <a href="ap190823.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2019 August 22: <a href="ap190822.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
2019 August 21: <a href="ap190821.html">The Orion You Can Almost See</a><br>
2019 August 20: <a href="ap190820.html">Animation: Spiral Disk around a Black Hole</a><br>
2019 August 19: <a href="ap190819.html">Lenticular Clouds over Mount Etna</a><br>
2019 August 18: <a href="ap190818.html">Human as Spaceship</a><br>
2019 August 17: <a href="ap190817.html">1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula</a><br>
2019 August 16: <a href="ap190816.html">The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2019 August 15: <a href="ap190815.html">The Perseids and the Plough</a><br>
2019 August 14: <a href="ap190814.html">Saturn Behind the Moon</a><br>
2019 August 13: <a href="ap190813.html">Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002</a><br>
2019 August 12: <a href="ap190812.html">Perseid Meteors over Slovakia</a><br>
2019 August 11: <a href="ap190811.html">Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2019 August 10: <a href="ap190810.html">M16 Close Up</a><br>
2019 August 09: <a href="ap190809.html">Atlas at Dawn</a><br>
2019 August 08: <a href="ap190808.html">Curiosity at Teal Ridge</a><br>
2019 August 07: <a href="ap190807.html">Jupiter Engulfed and the Milky Way</a><br>
2019 August 06: <a href="ap190806.html">The Local Void in the Nearby Universe</a><br>
2019 August 05: <a href="ap190805.html">A Total Solar Eclipse Reflected</a><br>
2019 August 04: <a href="ap190804.html">Rumors of a Dark Universe</a><br>
2019 August 03: <a href="ap190803.html">Mimas in Saturnlight</a><br>
2019 August 02: <a href="ap190802.html">Chamaeleon II Dark Cloud</a><br>
2019 August 01: <a href="ap190801.html">Elements in the Aftermath</a><br>
2019 July 31: <a href="ap190731.html">IC 1795: The Fishhead Nebula</a><br>
2019 July 30: <a href="ap190730.html">Star Forming Region NGC 3582 without Stars</a><br>
2019 July 29: <a href="ap190729.html">Lightning over the Volcano of Water</a><br>
2019 July 28: <a href="ap190728.html">The North America Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2019 July 27: <a href="ap190727.html">Chandrayaan 2 Launch</a><br>
2019 July 26: <a href="ap190726.html">The Veins of Heaven</a><br>
2019 July 25: <a href="ap190725.html">Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2019 July 24: <a href="ap190724.html">Zodiacal Road</a><br>
2019 July 23: <a href="ap190723.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2019 July 22: <a href="ap190722.html">HDR: Earths Circular Shadow on the Moon</a><br>
2019 July 21: <a href="ap190721.html">Moonquakes Surprisingly Common</a><br>
2019 July 20: <a href="ap190720.html">Apollo 11 Landing Panorama</a><br>
2019 July 19: <a href="ap190719.html">Tranquility Base Panorama</a><br>
2019 July 18: <a href="ap190718.html">Shadowed Moon and Mountain</a><br>
2019 July 17: <a href="ap190717.html">Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon</a><br>
2019 July 16: <a href="ap190716.html">Apollo 11 Launches Humans to the Moon</a><br>
2019 July 15: <a href="ap190715.html">The Space Station Crosses a Spotless Sun</a><br>
2019 July 14: <a href="ap190714.html">Eagle Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2019 July 13: <a href="ap190713.html">The Eagle Rises</a><br>
2019 July 12: <a href="ap190712.html">Magellanic Galaxy NGC 55</a><br>
2019 July 11: <a href="ap190711.html">The Ghost of Jupiter's Halo</a><br>
2019 July 10: <a href="ap190710.html">4000 Exoplanets</a><br>
2019 July 09: <a href="ap190709.html">Birds During a Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2019 July 08: <a href="ap190708.html">The Galactic Center in Radio from MeerKAT</a><br>
2019 July 07: <a href="ap190707.html">Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2019 July 06: <a href="ap190706.html">8 Minute and 30 Second Eclipse</a><br>
2019 July 05: <a href="ap190705.html">La Silla Eclipse Sequence</a><br>
2019 July 04: <a href="ap190704.html">In the Shadow of the Moon</a><br>
2019 July 03: <a href="ap190703.html">Robotic Dragonfly Selected to Fly Across Titan</a><br>
2019 July 02: <a href="ap190702.html">NGC 1566: The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2019 July 01: <a href="ap190701.html">The Big Corona</a><br>
2019 June 30: <a href="ap190630.html">Virtual Flight over Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2019 June 29: <a href="ap190629.html">M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy</a><br>
2019 June 28: <a href="ap190628.html">A Solstice Night in Paris</a><br>
2019 June 27: <a href="ap190627.html">The Longer Days</a><br>
2019 June 26: <a href="ap190626.html">Noctilucent Clouds, Reflections, and Silhouettes</a><br>
2019 June 25: <a href="ap190625.html">25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky</a><br>
2019 June 24: <a href="ap190624.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Converge Opposite the Sun</a><br>
2019 June 23: <a href="ap190623.html">Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble</a><br>
2019 June 22: <a href="ap190622.html">Ares 3 Landing Site: The Martian Revisited</a><br>
2019 June 21: <a href="ap190621.html">Sunset Analemma</a><br>
2019 June 20: <a href="ap190620.html">A View Toward M106</a><br>
2019 June 19: <a href="ap190619.html">Our Galaxy's Magnetic Center</a><br>
2019 June 18: <a href="ap190618.html">Strawberry Moon over the Temple of Poseidon</a><br>
2019 June 17: <a href="ap190617.html">Milky Way over Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent</a><br>
2019 June 16: <a href="ap190616.html">Unusual Mountain Ahuna Mons on Asteroid Ceres</a><br>
2019 June 15: <a href="ap190615.html">Stereo Helene</a><br>
2019 June 14: <a href="ap190614.html">NGC 4676: The Mighty Mice</a><br>
2019 June 13: <a href="ap190613.html">The Colors and Magnitudes of M13</a><br>
2019 June 12: <a href="ap190612.html">Spiral Galaxy M96 from Hubble</a><br>
2019 June 11: <a href="ap190611.html">The Cave Nebula in Infrared from Spitzer</a><br>
2019 June 10: <a href="ap190610.html">Jupiter Abyss</a><br>
2019 June 09: <a href="ap190609.html">A Triangular Shadow of a Large Volcano</a><br>
2019 June 08: <a href="ap190608.html">On the Beach with Mars</a><br>
2019 June 07: <a href="ap190607.html">The Planet and the Pipe</a><br>
2019 June 06: <a href="ap190606.html">Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2019 June 05: <a href="ap190605.html">The Interstellar Clouds of Orion</a><br>
2019 June 04: <a href="ap190604.html">SEIS: Listening for Marsquakes</a><br>
2019 June 03: <a href="ap190603.html">Stephan's Quintet from Hubble</a><br>
2019 June 02: <a href="ap190602.html">A Live View from the International Space Station</a><br>
2019 June 01: <a href="ap190601.html">NICER at Night</a><br>
2019 May 31: <a href="ap190531.html">Lynds Dark Nebula 1251</a><br>
2019 May 30: <a href="ap190530.html">Sunrise at Copernicus Crater</a><br>
2019 May 29: <a href="ap190529.html">M95: Spiral Galaxy with an Inner Ring</a><br>
2019 May 28: <a href="ap190528.html">Stars, Dust, and Gas near NGC 3572</a><br>
2019 May 27: <a href="ap190527.html">A Volcano of Fire under a Milky Way of Stars</a><br>
2019 May 26: <a href="ap190526.html">A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO</a><br>
2019 May 25: <a href="ap190525.html">Planet of the Tajinastes</a><br>
2019 May 24: <a href="ap190524.html">Boulders on Bennu</a><br>
2019 May 23: <a href="ap190523.html">Moons Near Jupiter</a><br>
2019 May 22: <a href="ap190522.html">Primordial Contact Binary 2014 MU69</a><br>
2019 May 21: <a href="ap190521.html">Deep Field: Nebulae of Sagittarius</a><br>
2019 May 20: <a href="ap190520.html">Planets of the Solar System: Tilts and Spins</a><br>
2019 May 19: <a href="ap190519.html">A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio</a><br>
2019 May 18: <a href="ap190518.html">Atlas, Daphnis, and Pan</a><br>
2019 May 17: <a href="ap190517.html">RS Puppis</a><br>
2019 May 16: <a href="ap190516.html">Dark Skies: Turn on the Night</a><br>
2019 May 15: <a href="ap190515.html">Anemic Spiral NGC 4921 from Hubble</a><br>
2019 May 14: <a href="ap190514.html">Young Star Cluster Trumpler 14 from Hubble</a><br>
2019 May 13: <a href="ap190513.html">Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field</a><br>
2019 May 12: <a href="ap190512.html">Ash and Lightning above an Icelandic Volcano</a><br>
2019 May 11: <a href="ap190511.html">Milky Way, Launch, and Landing</a><br>
2019 May 10: <a href="ap190510.html">Halley Dust and Milky Way</a><br>
2019 May 09: <a href="ap190509.html">Messier 5</a><br>
2019 May 08: <a href="ap190508.html">Jupiter Marble from Juno</a><br>
2019 May 07: <a href="ap190507.html">The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
2019 May 06: <a href="ap190506.html">Virtual Flyby of the Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2019 May 05: <a href="ap190505.html">Saturn, Titan, Rings, and Haze</a><br>
2019 May 04: <a href="ap190504.html">Saturn and the Da Vinci Glow</a><br>
2019 May 03: <a href="ap190503.html">Clouds of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2019 May 02: <a href="ap190502.html">Manicouagan Impact Crater from Space</a><br>
2019 May 01: <a href="ap190501.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula in Optical and X-ray</a><br>
2019 April 30: <a href="ap190430.html">Meteor Misses Galaxy</a><br>
2019 April 29: <a href="ap190429.html">N11: Star Clouds of the LMC</a><br>
2019 April 28: <a href="ap190428.html">All of Mercury</a><br>
2019 April 27: <a href="ap190427.html">The Galaxy, the Jet and the Black Hole</a><br>
2019 April 26: <a href="ap190426.html">Southern Cross to Eta Carinae</a><br>
2019 April 25: <a href="ap190425.html">Pan-STARRS Across the Lagoon</a><br>
2019 April 24: <a href="ap190424.html">The Shape of the Southern Crab</a><br>
2019 April 23: <a href="ap190423.html">Meteors, Comet, and Big Dipper over La Palma</a><br>
2019 April 22: <a href="ap190422.html">Mars Methane Mystery Deepens</a><br>
2019 April 21: <a href="ap190421.html">Spiral Aurora over Icelandic Divide</a><br>
2019 April 20: <a href="ap190420.html">Falcon Heavy Launch Close up</a><br>
2019 April 19: <a href="ap190419.html">Milky Way in Northern Spring</a><br>
2019 April 18: <a href="ap190418.html">The Leo Trio</a><br>
2019 April 17: <a href="ap190417.html">Messier 81</a><br>
2019 April 16: <a href="ap190416.html">In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2019 April 15: <a href="ap190415.html">Enhanced: The Dolphin Cloud on Jupiter</a><br>
2019 April 14: <a href="ap190414.html">Simulation: Two Black Holes Merge</a><br>
2019 April 13: <a href="ap190413.html">Rigil Kentaurus and Sandqvist 169</a><br>
2019 April 12: <a href="ap190412.html">A Cosmic Rose: The Rosette Nebula in Monoceros</a><br>
2019 April 11: <a href="ap190411.html">First Horizon Scale Image of a Black Hole</a><br>
2019 April 10: <a href="ap190410.html">Martian Moon Phobos Crosses the Sun</a><br>
2019 April 09: <a href="ap190409.html">Moon Occults Saturn</a><br>
2019 April 08: <a href="ap190408.html">AZURE Vapor Tracers over Norway</a><br>
2019 April 07: <a href="ap190407.html">A Scorpius Sky Spectacular</a><br>
2019 April 06: <a href="ap190406.html">ISS from Wallasey</a><br>
2019 April 05: <a href="ap190405.html">Pan-STARRS Across the Sky</a><br>
2019 April 04: <a href="ap190404.html">Messier 2</a><br>
2019 April 03: <a href="ap190403.html">Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2019 April 02: <a href="ap190402.html">Space Station Silhouette on the Moon</a><br>
2019 April 01: <a href="ap190401.html">Astronaut Kicks Lunar Field Goal</a><br>
2019 March 31: <a href="ap190331.html">Markarian's Chain of Galaxies</a><br>
2019 March 30: <a href="ap190330.html">3D 67P</a><br>
2019 March 29: <a href="ap190329.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
2019 March 28: <a href="ap190328.html">The Gaia Stars of M15</a><br>
2019 March 27: <a href="ap190327.html">NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus</a><br>
2019 March 26: <a href="ap190326.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2019 March 25: <a href="ap190325.html">Arp 194: Merging Galaxy Group</a><br>
2019 March 24: <a href="ap190324.html">Zooming in on Star Cluster Terzan 5</a><br>
2019 March 23: <a href="ap190323.html">Four Towers and the Equinox Moon</a><br>
2019 March 22: <a href="ap190322.html">A Symphony in Northern Winter Skies</a><br>
2019 March 21: <a href="ap190321.html">Star Trails and the Equinox Sunrise</a><br>
2019 March 20: <a href="ap190320.html">Equinox on Planet Earth</a><br>
2019 March 19: <a href="ap190319.html">Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2019 March 18: <a href="ap190318.html">Horsehead and Orion Nebulas</a><br>
2019 March 17: <a href="ap190317.html">M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Center</a><br>
2019 March 16: <a href="ap190316.html">NGC 3324 in Carina</a><br>
2019 March 15: <a href="ap190315.html">A View Toward M101</a><br>
2019 March 14: <a href="ap190314.html">Perseverance Valley Panorama</a><br>
2019 March 13: <a href="ap190313.html">Highlights of the North Spring Sky</a><br>
2019 March 12: <a href="ap190312.html">Touchdown on Asteroid Ryugu</a><br>
2019 March 11: <a href="ap190311.html">The Central Magnetic Field of the Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
2019 March 10: <a href="ap190310.html">Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow</a><br>
2019 March 09: <a href="ap190309.html">Crescent Enceladus</a><br>
2019 March 08: <a href="ap190308.html">Stardust and Starlight in M78</a><br>
2019 March 07: <a href="ap190307.html">Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2019 March 06: <a href="ap190306.html">A February without Sunpots</a><br>
2019 March 05: <a href="ap190305.html">X-Ray Superbubbles in Galaxy NGC 3079</a><br>
2019 March 04: <a href="ap190304.html">Celestial Alignment over Sicilian Shore</a><br>
2019 March 03: <a href="ap190303.html">The Orion Bullets</a><br>
2019 March 02: <a href="ap190302.html">NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2019 March 01: <a href="ap190301.html">A Charioteer's Comet</a><br>
2019 February 28: <a href="ap190228.html">Sharpest Ultima Thule</a><br>
2019 February 27: <a href="ap190227.html">Magnetic Orion</a><br>
2019 February 26: <a href="ap190226.html">Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms</a><br>
2019 February 25: <a href="ap190225.html">Red Sprite Lightning over Kununurra</a><br>
2019 February 24: <a href="ap190224.html">The Expanding Echoes of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2019 February 23: <a href="ap190223.html">The Stars of the Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2019 February 22: <a href="ap190222.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2019 February 21: <a href="ap190221.html">Reflections on vdB 9</a><br>
2019 February 20: <a href="ap190220.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2019 February 19: <a href="ap190219.html">Comet Iwamoto Before Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903</a><br>
2019 February 18: <a href="ap190218.html">Dragon Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2019 February 17: <a href="ap190217.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2019 February 16: <a href="ap190216.html">NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2019 February 15: <a href="ap190215.html">Opportunity at Perseverance Valley</a><br>
2019 February 14: <a href="ap190214.html">Solar System Family Portrait</a><br>
2019 February 13: <a href="ap190213.html">The Helix Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen</a><br>
2019 February 12: <a href="ap190212.html">Plane Crossing a Crescent Moon</a><br>
2019 February 11: <a href="ap190211.html">New Data: Ultima Thule Surprisingly Flat</a><br>
2019 February 10: <a href="ap190210.html">Venus Unveiled</a><br>
2019 February 09: <a href="ap190209.html">Comet Iwamoto and the Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
2019 February 08: <a href="ap190208.html">Moon, Four Planets, and Emu</a><br>
2019 February 07: <a href="ap190207.html">Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree</a><br>
2019 February 06: <a href="ap190206.html">Moon and Venus Appulse over a Tree</a><br>
2019 February 05: <a href="ap190205.html">Perijove 16: Passing Jupiter</a><br>
2019 February 04: <a href="ap190204.html">Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC</a><br>
2019 February 03: <a href="ap190203.html">An Airglow Fan from Lake to Sky</a><br>
2019 February 02: <a href="ap190202.html">LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2019 February 01: <a href="ap190201.html">Twin Galaxies in Virgo</a><br>
2019 January 31: <a href="ap190131.html">Sharpless 308: Star Bubble</a><br>
2019 January 30: <a href="ap190130.html">Wide Field View of Great American Eclipse</a><br>
2019 January 29: <a href="ap190129.html">Ultima Thule from New Horizons</a><br>
2019 January 28: <a href="ap190128.html">The Long Gas Tail of Spiral Galaxy D100</a><br>
2019 January 27: <a href="ap190127.html">From the Northern to the Southern Cross</a><br>
2019 January 26: <a href="ap190126.html">The Umbra of Earth</a><br>
2019 January 25: <a href="ap190125.html">Moon Struck</a><br>
2019 January 24: <a href="ap190124.html">Matterhorn, Moon, and Meteor</a><br>
2019 January 23: <a href="ap190123.html">Orion over the Austrian Alps</a><br>
2019 January 22: <a href="ap190122.html">Lunar Eclipse over Cologne Cathedral</a><br>
2019 January 21: <a href="ap190121.html">InSight Lander Takes Selfie on Mars</a><br>
2019 January 20: <a href="ap190120.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Video</a><br>
2019 January 19: <a href="ap190119.html">Total Lunar Eclipse at Moonset</a><br>
2019 January 18: <a href="ap190118.html">Circumpolar Star Trails</a><br>
2019 January 17: <a href="ap190117.html">Cabin Under the Stars</a><br>
2019 January 16: <a href="ap190116.html">IC 342: The Hidden Galaxy</a><br>
2019 January 15: <a href="ap190115.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2019 January 14: <a href="ap190114.html">Meteor and Milky Way over the Alps</a><br>
2019 January 13: <a href="ap190113.html">Tycho Supernova Remnant in X-ray</a><br>
2019 January 12: <a href="ap190112.html">Milky Way Falls</a><br>
2019 January 11: <a href="ap190111.html">Partial Eclipse over Beijing</a><br>
2019 January 10: <a href="ap190110.html">Vela Supernova Remnant Mosaic</a><br>
2019 January 09: <a href="ap190109.html">Quadrantids</a><br>
2019 January 08: <a href="ap190108.html">HESS Telescopes Explore the High Energy Sky</a><br>
2019 January 07: <a href="ap190107.html">Stars, Meteors, and a Comet in Taurus</a><br>
2019 January 06: <a href="ap190106.html">A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2019 January 05: <a href="ap190105.html">Yutu 2 on the Farside</a><br>
2019 January 04: <a href="ap190104.html">Ultima Thule Rotation Gif</a><br>
2019 January 03: <a href="ap190103.html">Ultima and Thule</a><br>
2019 January 02: <a href="ap190102.html">The Orion Nebula in Infrared from WISE</a><br>
2019 January 01: <a href="ap190101.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2018 December 31: <a href="ap181231.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2018 December 30: <a href="ap181230.html">The Galaxy Tree</a><br>
2018 December 29: <a href="ap181229.html">New Horizons at Ultima Thule</a><br>
2018 December 28: <a href="ap181228.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2018 December 27: <a href="ap181227.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2018 December 26: <a href="ap181226.html">NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula</a><br>
2018 December 25: <a href="ap181225.html">M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2018 December 24: <a href="ap181224.html">Earthrise 1: Historic Image Remastered</a><br>
2018 December 23: <a href="ap181223.html">Earthrise: A Video Reconstruction</a><br>
2018 December 22: <a href="ap181222.html">A Cold December Night</a><br>
2018 December 21: <a href="ap181221.html">Extraordinary Solar Halos</a><br>
2018 December 20: <a href="ap181220.html">Red Nebula, Green Comet, Blue Stars</a><br>
2018 December 19: <a href="ap181219.html">A Rainbow Geminid Meteor</a><br>
2018 December 18: <a href="ap181218.html">Methane Bubbles Frozen in Lake Baikal</a><br>
2018 December 17: <a href="ap181217.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2018 December 16: <a href="ap181216.html">Comet Wirtanen Passes by the Earth</a><br>
2018 December 15: <a href="ap181215.html">Geminids and Friends</a><br>
2018 December 14: <a href="ap181214.html">Swimming on Jupiter</a><br>
2018 December 13: <a href="ap181213.html">3D Bennu</a><br>
2018 December 12: <a href="ap181212.html">M43: Orion Falls</a><br>
2018 December 11: <a href="ap181211.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail</a><br>
2018 December 10: <a href="ap181210.html">Sound and Light Captured by Mars InSight</a><br>
2018 December 09: <a href="ap181209.html">Aurora Shimmer, Meteor Flash</a><br>
2018 December 08: <a href="ap181208.html">Tiny Planet Timelapse</a><br>
2018 December 07: <a href="ap181207.html">December's Comet Wirtanen</a><br>
2018 December 06: <a href="ap181206.html">Cetus Galaxies and Supernova</a><br>
2018 December 05: <a href="ap181205.html">Highlights of the North Winter Sky</a><br>
2018 December 04: <a href="ap181204.html">Rocket Launch between Mountains</a><br>
2018 December 03: <a href="ap181203.html">Spiraling Supermassive Black Holes</a><br>
2018 December 02: <a href="ap181202.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2018 December 01: <a href="ap181201.html">Mount Everest Star Trails</a><br>
2018 November 30: <a href="ap181130.html">A Cold River to Orion</a><br>
2018 November 29: <a href="ap181129.html">Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2018 November 28: <a href="ap181128.html">IC 1871: Inside the Soul Nebula</a><br>
2018 November 27: <a href="ap181127.html">InSight's First Image from Mars</a><br>
2018 November 26: <a href="ap181126.html">Rocket Launch as Seen from the Space Station</a><br>
2018 November 25: <a href="ap181125.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2018 November 24: <a href="ap181124.html">Shipwreck at Moonset</a><br>
2018 November 23: <a href="ap181123.html">Good Morning Leonid</a><br>
2018 November 22: <a href="ap181122.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2018 November 21: <a href="ap181121.html">Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno</a><br>
2018 November 20: <a href="ap181120.html">Unexpected Trajectory Interstellar Asteroid Oumuamua</a><br>
2018 November 19: <a href="ap181119.html">Gibbous Moon beyond Swedish Mountain</a><br>
2018 November 18: <a href="ap181118.html">Creature Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2018 November 17: <a href="ap181117.html">The Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2018 November 16: <a href="ap181116.html">The Hill, The Moon, and Saturn</a><br>
2018 November 15: <a href="ap181115.html">Comet 46P Wirtanen</a><br>
2018 November 14: <a href="ap181114.html">The Cave Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2018 November 13: <a href="ap181113.html">Rotating Asteroid Bennu from OSIRIS REx</a><br>
2018 November 12: <a href="ap181112.html">The Lagoon Nebula is Stars, Gas, and Dust</a><br>
2018 November 11: <a href="ap181111.html">Astronaut Exploring: An Apollo 15 Panorama</a><br>
2018 November 10: <a href="ap181110.html">The Old Moon in the Young Moon's Arms</a><br>
2018 November 09: <a href="ap181109.html">Little Planet Lookout</a><br>
2018 November 08: <a href="ap181108.html">Mars in the Loop</a><br>
2018 November 07: <a href="ap181107.html">NGC 6188: The Dragons of Ara</a><br>
2018 November 06: <a href="ap181106.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2018 November 05: <a href="ap181105.html">IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2018 November 04: <a href="ap181104.html">Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert</a><br>
2018 November 03: <a href="ap181103.html">Lunar LOVE</a><br>
2018 November 02: <a href="ap181102.html">Cygnus Shell Supernova Remnant W63</a><br>
2018 November 01: <a href="ap181101.html">Hayabusa2 Ascends from Asteroid Ryugu</a><br>
2018 October 31: <a href="ap181031.html">R Leporis: A Vampire's Star</a><br>
2018 October 30: <a href="ap181030.html">Orionids Meteors over Inner Mongolia</a><br>
2018 October 29: <a href="ap181029.html">Shells of Stars in Elliptical Galaxy PGC 42871</a><br>
2018 October 28: <a href="ap181028.html">Ultraviolet Earth from an Observatory on the Moon</a><br>
2018 October 27: <a href="ap181027.html">Airglow Borealis</a><br>
2018 October 26: <a href="ap181026.html">IC 59 and IC 63 in Cassiopeia</a><br>
2018 October 25: <a href="ap181025.html">Barnard 150: Seahorse in Cepheus</a><br>
2018 October 24: <a href="ap181024.html">Light Pillars over Whitefish Bay</a><br>
2018 October 23: <a href="ap181023.html">Hyperion: Largest Known Galaxy Proto Supercluster</a><br>
2018 October 22: <a href="ap181022.html">Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3</a><br>
2018 October 21: <a href="ap181021.html">Meteor, Comet, and Seagull (Nebula)</a><br>
2018 October 20: <a href="ap181020.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2018 October 19: <a href="ap181019.html">Summer to Winter Milky Way</a><br>
2018 October 18: <a href="ap181018.html">Cherenkov Telescope at Sunset</a><br>
2018 October 17: <a href="ap181017.html">M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2018 October 16: <a href="ap181016.html">Jupiter in Ultraviolet from Hubble</a><br>
2018 October 15: <a href="ap181015.html">M16: In and Around the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2018 October 14: <a href="ap181014.html">Orion in Red and Blue</a><br>
2018 October 13: <a href="ap181013.html">Skygazers on the Beach</a><br>
2018 October 12: <a href="ap181012.html">The Falcon 9 Nebula</a><br>
2018 October 11: <a href="ap181011.html">West Coast Launch and Landing</a><br>
2018 October 10: <a href="ap181010.html">Sun Dance</a><br>
2018 October 09: <a href="ap181009.html">NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2018 October 08: <a href="ap181008.html">Comet 12P Between Rosette and Cone Nebulas</a><br>
2018 October 07: <a href="ap181007.html">The Scale of the Universe Interactive</a><br>
2018 October 06: <a href="ap181006.html">Aurora: The Frog's View</a><br>
2018 October 05: <a href="ap181005.html">The Last Days of Venus as the Evening Star</a><br>
2018 October 04: <a href="ap181004.html">Opportunity After the Storm</a><br>
2018 October 03: <a href="ap181003.html">NGC 1898: Globular Cluster in the LMC</a><br>
2018 October 02: <a href="ap181002.html">Supernumerary Rainbows over New Jersey</a><br>
2018 October 01: <a href="ap181001.html">The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral</a><br>
2018 September 30: <a href="ap180930.html">The Lonely Neutron Star in Supernova E0102 72.3</a><br>
2018 September 29: <a href="ap180929.html">55 Nights with Saturn</a><br>
2018 September 28: <a href="ap180928.html">The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty</a><br>
2018 September 27: <a href="ap180927.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2018 September 26: <a href="ap180926.html">The Suns Spectrum with its Missing Colors</a><br>
2018 September 25: <a href="ap180925.html">Highlights of the North Autumn Sky</a><br>
2018 September 24: <a href="ap180924.html">Rover 1A Hops on Asteroid Ryugu</a><br>
2018 September 23: <a href="ap180923.html">Equinox: Analemma over the Callanish Stones</a><br>
2018 September 22: <a href="ap180922.html">Window Seat over Hudson Bay</a><br>
2018 September 21: <a href="ap180921.html">Irregular Galaxy NGC 55</a><br>
2018 September 20: <a href="ap180920.html">Stars and Dust in Corona Australis</a><br>
2018 September 19: <a href="ap180919.html">Cocoon Nebula Deep Field</a><br>
2018 September 18: <a href="ap180918.html">Salt Pepper and Ice</a><br>
2018 September 17: <a href="ap180917.html">Cosmic Collision Forges Galactic Ring</a><br>
2018 September 16: <a href="ap180916.html">A Solar Filament Erupts</a><br>
2018 September 15: <a href="ap180915.html">Mont Blanc, Meteor, and Milky Way</a><br>
2018 September 14: <a href="ap180914.html">Ice Halos at Yellowknife</a><br>
2018 September 13: <a href="ap180913.html">Comet, Clusters, and Nebulae</a><br>
2018 September 12: <a href="ap180912.html">Lunations</a><br>
2018 September 11: <a href="ap180911.html">Milky Way over Trolls Tongue</a><br>
2018 September 10: <a href="ap180910.html">Curiosity Vista from Vera Rubin Ridge</a><br>
2018 September 09: <a href="ap180909.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2018 September 08: <a href="ap180908.html">Real Time Perseid</a><br>
2018 September 07: <a href="ap180907.html">Saturn's North Polar Hexagon</a><br>
2018 September 06: <a href="ap180906.html">Along the Western Veil</a><br>
2018 September 05: <a href="ap180905.html">NGC 3682: Sideways Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2018 September 04: <a href="ap180904.html">Moon behind Lava Fountain</a><br>
2018 September 03: <a href="ap180903.html">Aurora around Saturns North Pole</a><br>
2018 September 02: <a href="ap180902.html">A Powerful Solar Flare</a><br>
2018 September 01: <a href="ap180901.html">Aerosol Earth</a><br>
2018 August 31: <a href="ap180831.html">Close Mars</a><br>
2018 August 30: <a href="ap180830.html">The NGC 6914 Complex</a><br>
2018 August 29: <a href="ap180829.html">Nearby Cepheid Variable RS Pup</a><br>
2018 August 28: <a href="ap180828.html">Sea and Sky Glows over the Oregon Coast</a><br>
2018 August 27: <a href="ap180827.html">Total Solar Eclipse Shadow from a Balloon</a><br>
2018 August 26: <a href="ap180826.html">Fire on Earth</a><br>
2018 August 25: <a href="ap180825.html">Stripping ESO 137-001</a><br>
2018 August 24: <a href="ap180824.html">Messier 20 and 21</a><br>
2018 August 23: <a href="ap180823.html">Comet, Heart, and Soul</a><br>
2018 August 22: <a href="ap180822.html">Asteroid Ryugu from Hayabusa2</a><br>
2018 August 21: <a href="ap180821.html">Glowing Elements in the Soul Nebula</a><br>
2018 August 20: <a href="ap180820.html">Active Prominences on a Quiet Sun</a><br>
2018 August 19: <a href="ap180819.html">Asperitas Clouds Over New Zealand</a><br>
2018 August 18: <a href="ap180818.html">Seeing Titan</a><br>
2018 August 17: <a href="ap180817.html">Perseid Fireball and Persistent Train</a><br>
2018 August 16: <a href="ap180816.html">Parker vs Perseid</a><br>
2018 August 15: <a href="ap180815.html">Launch of the Parker Solar Probe</a><br>
2018 August 14: <a href="ap180814.html">M86 in the Central Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2018 August 13: <a href="ap180813.html">The Pencil Nebula in Red and Blue</a><br>
2018 August 12: <a href="ap180812.html">Meteor before Galaxy</a><br>
2018 August 11: <a href="ap180811.html">Moon, Mars, and Milky Way</a><br>
2018 August 10: <a href="ap180810.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744</a><br>
2018 August 09: <a href="ap180809.html">Red Planet, Red Moon, and Mars</a><br>
2018 August 08: <a href="ap180808.html">Animation: Perseid Meteor Shower</a><br>
2018 August 07: <a href="ap180807.html">Eclipsed Moon and Mars over Mountains</a><br>
2018 August 06: <a href="ap180806.html">Live: Cosmic Rays from Minnesota</a><br>
2018 August 05: <a href="ap180805.html">Trapezium: At the Heart of Orion</a><br>
2018 August 04: <a href="ap180804.html">Central Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2018 August 03: <a href="ap180803.html">Central Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2018 August 02: <a href="ap180802.html">Eclipse over the Gulf of Poets</a><br>
2018 August 01: <a href="ap180801.html">The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust</a><br>
2018 July 31: <a href="ap180731.html">Layers of the South Pole of Mars</a><br>
2018 July 30: <a href="ap180730.html">Lunar Eclipse over Rio</a><br>
2018 July 29: <a href="ap180729.html">Journey to the Center of the Galaxy</a><br>
2018 July 28: <a href="ap180728.html">One Night, One Telescope, One Camera</a><br>
2018 July 27: <a href="ap180727.html">Mars Opposition</a><br>
2018 July 26: <a href="ap180726.html">Barnard 228: The Dark Wolf Nebula in Lupus</a><br>
2018 July 25: <a href="ap180725.html">The Edge-On Spindle Galaxy</a><br>
2018 July 24: <a href="ap180724.html">Clouds of Earth and Sky</a><br>
2018 July 23: <a href="ap180723.html">Fermi Science Finals</a><br>
2018 July 22: <a href="ap180722.html">Planck Maps the Microwave Background</a><br>
2018 July 21: <a href="ap180721.html">Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama</a><br>
2018 July 20: <a href="ap180720.html">The Teapot and the Milky Way</a><br>
2018 July 19: <a href="ap180719.html">Cerealia Facula</a><br>
2018 July 18: <a href="ap180718.html">Dark Slope Streaks Split on Mars</a><br>
2018 July 17: <a href="ap180717.html">Moon and Venus over Cannon Beach</a><br>
2018 July 16: <a href="ap180716.html">Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet</a><br>
2018 July 15: <a href="ap180715.html">Rings Around the Ring Nebula</a><br>
2018 July 14: <a href="ap180714.html">A Nibble on the Sun</a><br>
2018 July 13: <a href="ap180713.html">Star Trails and the Bracewell Radio Sundial</a><br>
2018 July 12: <a href="ap180712.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2018 July 11: <a href="ap180711.html">Symbiotic R Aquarii</a><br>
2018 July 10: <a href="ap180710.html">Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks</a><br>
2018 July 09: <a href="ap180709.html">Road to Mars</a><br>
2018 July 08: <a href="ap180708.html">The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi</a><br>
2018 July 07: <a href="ap180707.html">A Northern Summer's Night</a><br>
2018 July 06: <a href="ap180706.html">Charon: Moon of Pluto</a><br>
2018 July 05: <a href="ap180705.html">Shadow Rise on the Inside Passage</a><br>
2018 July 04: <a href="ap180704.html">Dawn's Early Light, Rocket's Red Glare</a><br>
2018 July 03: <a href="ap180703.html">An Airplane in Front of the Moon</a><br>
2018 July 02: <a href="ap180702.html">From the Galactic Plane through Antares</a><br>
2018 July 01: <a href="ap180701.html">Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus</a><br>
2018 June 30: <a href="ap180630.html">The East 96th Street Moon</a><br>
2018 June 29: <a href="ap180629.html">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br>
2018 June 28: <a href="ap180628.html">Sigma Octantis and Friends</a><br>
2018 June 27: <a href="ap180627.html">Highlights of the Summer Sky</a><br>
2018 June 26: <a href="ap180626.html">Dark Nebulas across Taurus</a><br>
2018 June 25: <a href="ap180625.html">Hayabusa2 Approaches Asteroid Ryugu</a><br>
2018 June 24: <a href="ap180624.html">Rocket Plume Shadow Points to the Moon</a><br>
2018 June 23: <a href="ap180623.html">Curiosity's Dusty Self</a><br>
2018 June 22: <a href="ap180622.html">Galaxy in a Crystal Ball</a><br>
2018 June 21: <a href="ap180621.html">Northern Lights and Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
2018 June 20: <a href="ap180620.html">Pillars of the Eagle Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2018 June 19: <a href="ap180619.html">Ancients of Sea and Sky</a><br>
2018 June 18: <a href="ap180618.html">An Active Prominence on the Sun</a><br>
2018 June 17: <a href="ap180617.html">Mars Engulfed</a><br>
2018 June 16: <a href="ap180616.html">Dusty With a Chance of Dust</a><br>
2018 June 15: <a href="ap180615.html">Little Planet Soyuz</a><br>
2018 June 14: <a href="ap180614.html">Six Planets from Yosemite</a><br>
2018 June 13: <a href="ap180613.html">Red Cloudbow over Delaware</a><br>
2018 June 12: <a href="ap180612.html">Star Size Comparison 2</a><br>
2018 June 11: <a href="ap180611.html">At Last GLAST</a><br>
2018 June 10: <a href="ap180610.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2018 June 09: <a href="ap180609.html">Countryside Mars and Milky Way</a><br>
2018 June 08: <a href="ap180608.html">Fermi Science Playoffs</a><br>
2018 June 07: <a href="ap180607.html">The Clash of NGC 3256</a><br>
2018 June 06: <a href="ap180606.html">A Sun Pillar over Norway</a><br>
2018 June 05: <a href="ap180605.html">Complex Jupiter</a><br>
2018 June 04: <a href="ap180604.html">Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano</a><br>
2018 June 03: <a href="ap180603.html">Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon</a><br>
2018 June 02: <a href="ap180602.html">Jupiter Season, Hawaiian Sky</a><br>
2018 June 01: <a href="ap180601.html">Mars Approach</a><br>
2018 May 31: <a href="ap180531.html">NGC 6744 Close Up</a><br>
2018 May 30: <a href="ap180530.html">The Case of the Backwards Orbiting Asteroid</a><br>
2018 May 29: <a href="ap180529.html">Aurora and Manicouagan Crater from the Space Station</a><br>
2018 May 28: <a href="ap180528.html">Seven Dusty Sisters</a><br>
2018 May 27: <a href="ap180527.html">Coronal Rain on the Sun</a><br>
2018 May 26: <a href="ap180526.html">Titan: Moon over Saturn</a><br>
2018 May 25: <a href="ap180525.html">Galaxies Away</a><br>
2018 May 24: <a href="ap180524.html">The Gum Nebula Expanse</a><br>
2018 May 23: <a href="ap180523.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 4038 in Collision</a><br>
2018 May 22: <a href="ap180522.html">Craters and Shadows at the Lunar Terminator</a><br>
2018 May 21: <a href="ap180521.html">Jupiter Cloud Animation from Juno</a><br>
2018 May 20: <a href="ap180520.html">In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2018 May 19: <a href="ap180519.html">Reflections of Venus and Moon</a><br>
2018 May 18: <a href="ap180518.html">Attack of the Laser Guide Stars</a><br>
2018 May 17: <a href="ap180517.html">Milky Way vs Airglow Australis</a><br>
2018 May 16: <a href="ap180516.html">Rotation of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2018 May 15: <a href="ap180515.html">Kepler's House in Linz</a><br>
2018 May 14: <a href="ap180514.html">Saturn's Hyperion in Natural Color</a><br>
2018 May 13: <a href="ap180513.html">Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning</a><br>
2018 May 12: <a href="ap180512.html">A Plurality of Singularities at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2018 May 11: <a href="ap180511.html">NGC 1360: The Robin's Egg Nebula</a><br>
2018 May 10: <a href="ap180510.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2018 May 09: <a href="ap180509.html">The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2018 May 08: <a href="ap180508.html">The Observable Universe</a><br>
2018 May 07: <a href="ap180507.html">The Unusual Boulder at Tychos Peak</a><br>
2018 May 06: <a href="ap180506.html">Meteors, Planes, and a Galaxy over Bryce Canyon</a><br>
2018 May 05: <a href="ap180505.html">Stickney Crater</a><br>
2018 May 04: <a href="ap180504.html">The View Toward M101</a><br>
2018 May 03: <a href="ap180503.html">Opposite the Setting Sun</a><br>
2018 May 02: <a href="ap180502.html">Moon Halo over Stone Circle</a><br>
2018 May 01: <a href="ap180501.html">The Aurora and the Sunrise</a><br>
2018 April 30: <a href="ap180430.html">Total Solar Eclipse Corona in HDR</a><br>
2018 April 29: <a href="ap180429.html">Wanderers</a><br>
2018 April 28: <a href="ap180428.html">Magellanic Mountain</a><br>
2018 April 27: <a href="ap180427.html">Gaia's Milky Way</a><br>
2018 April 26: <a href="ap180426.html">The Snows of Churyumov-Gerasimenko</a><br>
2018 April 25: <a href="ap180425.html">Hubble's Jupiter and the Shrinking Great Red Spot</a><br>
2018 April 24: <a href="ap180424.html">Play Saturn's Rings Like a Harp</a><br>
2018 April 23: <a href="ap180423.html">The Blue Horsehead Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2018 April 22: <a href="ap180422.html">Meteor Over Crater Lake</a><br>
2018 April 21: <a href="ap180421.html">TESS Launch Close Up</a><br>
2018 April 20: <a href="ap180420.html">Moon in the Hyades</a><br>
2018 April 19: <a href="ap180419.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2018 April 18: <a href="ap180418.html">Milky Way over Deadvlei in Namibia</a><br>
2018 April 17: <a href="ap180417.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2018 April 16: <a href="ap180416.html">Flyover of Jupiters North Pole in Infrared</a><br>
2018 April 15: <a href="ap180415.html">Space Shuttle Rising</a><br>
2018 April 14: <a href="ap180414.html">Martian Chiaroscuro</a><br>
2018 April 13: <a href="ap180413.html">Facing NGC 3344</a><br>
2018 April 12: <a href="ap180412.html">M22 and the Wanderers</a><br>
2018 April 11: <a href="ap180411.html">Fortuitous Flash Candidate for the Farthest Star Yet Seen</a><br>
2018 April 10: <a href="ap180410.html">Dragon Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2018 April 09: <a href="ap180409.html">The Sun Unleashed: Monster Filament in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2018 April 08: <a href="ap180408.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2018 April 07: <a href="ap180407.html">Painting with Jupiter</a><br>
2018 April 06: <a href="ap180406.html">NGC 3324 in Carina</a><br>
2018 April 05: <a href="ap180405.html">NGC 289: Swirl in the Southern Sky</a><br>
2018 April 04: <a href="ap180404.html">Intrepid Crater on Mars from Opportunity</a><br>
2018 April 03: <a href="ap180403.html">The Milky Way over the Seven Strong Men Rock Formations</a><br>
2018 April 02: <a href="ap180402.html">Moons, Rings, Shadows, Clouds: Saturn (Cassini)</a><br>
2018 April 01: <a href="ap180401.html">I Brought You the Moon</a><br>
2018 March 31: <a href="ap180331.html">Twilight in a Western Sky</a><br>
2018 March 30: <a href="ap180330.html">NGC 247 and Friends</a><br>
2018 March 29: <a href="ap180329.html">NGC 2023 in the Horsehead's Shadow</a><br>
2018 March 28: <a href="ap180328.html">Blue Moon Tree</a><br>
2018 March 27: <a href="ap180327.html">Mars Between Nebulas</a><br>
2018 March 26: <a href="ap180326.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2018 March 25: <a href="ap180325.html">Announcing Nova Carinae 2018</a><br>
2018 March 24: <a href="ap180324.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2018 March 23: <a href="ap180323.html">Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2018 March 22: <a href="ap180322.html">NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe</a><br>
2018 March 21: <a href="ap180321.html">Camera Orion</a><br>
2018 March 20: <a href="ap180320.html">Chicagohenge: Equinox in an Aligned City</a><br>
2018 March 19: <a href="ap180319.html">The Nebra Sky Disk</a><br>
2018 March 18: <a href="ap180318.html">Rotating Moon from LRO</a><br>
2018 March 17: <a href="ap180317.html">The Crab from Space</a><br>
2018 March 16: <a href="ap180316.html">The Seagull and The Duck</a><br>
2018 March 15: <a href="ap180315.html">Catalog Entry Number 1</a><br>
2018 March 14: <a href="ap180314.html">Night Sky Highlights: March to May</a><br>
2018 March 13: <a href="ap180313.html">The Complete Galactic Plane: Up and Down</a><br>
2018 March 12: <a href="ap180312.html">Flying over the Earth at Night II</a><br>
2018 March 11: <a href="ap180311.html">Dual Particle Beams in Herbig Haro 24</a><br>
2018 March 10: <a href="ap180310.html">Phases of the Moon</a><br>
2018 March 09: <a href="ap180309.html">Horsehead: A Wider View</a><br>
2018 March 08: <a href="ap180308.html">Cyclones at Jupiter's North Pole</a><br>
2018 March 07: <a href="ap180307.html">Arcs, Jets, and Shocks near NGC 1999</a><br>
2018 March 06: <a href="ap180306.html">Colorful Airglow Bands Surround Milky Way</a><br>
2018 March 05: <a href="ap180305.html">The Hubble Ultra Deep Field in Light and Sound</a><br>
2018 March 04: <a href="ap180304.html">Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus</a><br>
2018 March 03: <a href="ap180303.html">Southwest Mare Fecunditatis</a><br>
2018 March 02: <a href="ap180302.html">Alborz Mountain Star Trails</a><br>
2018 March 01: <a href="ap180301.html">The Lunar X</a><br>
2018 February 28: <a href="ap180228.html">NGC 613 in Dust, Stars, and a Supernova</a><br>
2018 February 27: <a href="ap180227.html">Dueling Bands in the Night</a><br>
2018 February 26: <a href="ap180226.html">Passing Jupiter</a><br>
2018 February 25: <a href="ap180225.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2018 February 24: <a href="ap180224.html">Facing NGC 6946</a><br>
2018 February 23: <a href="ap180223.html">Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit</a><br>
2018 February 22: <a href="ap180222.html">When Roses Aren't Red</a><br>
2018 February 21: <a href="ap180221.html">Jupiter in Infrared from Hubble</a><br>
2018 February 20: <a href="ap180220.html">A Partial Solar Eclipse over Buenos Aires</a><br>
2018 February 19: <a href="ap180219.html">Galaxy Formation in a Magnetic Universe</a><br>
2018 February 18: <a href="ap180218.html">LL Ori and the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2018 February 17: <a href="ap180217.html">Manhattan Skylines</a><br>
2018 February 16: <a href="ap180216.html">Comet PanSTARRS is near the Edge</a><br>
2018 February 15: <a href="ap180215.html">Enceladus in Silhouette</a><br>
2018 February 14: <a href="ap180214.html">In the Heart of the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2018 February 13: <a href="ap180213.html">Car Orbiting Earth</a><br>
2018 February 12: <a href="ap180212.html">Blue Comet Meets Blue Stars</a><br>
2018 February 11: <a href="ap180211.html">A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay</a><br>
2018 February 10: <a href="ap180210.html">Roadster, Starman, Planet Earth</a><br>
2018 February 09: <a href="ap180209.html">Total Solar Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2018 February 08: <a href="ap180208.html">Bow Tie Moon and Star Trails</a><br>
2018 February 07: <a href="ap180207.html">NGC 7331 Close-Up</a><br>
2018 February 06: <a href="ap180206.html">Galaxy NGC 474: Shells and Star Streams</a><br>
2018 February 05: <a href="ap180205.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula Expanding</a><br>
2018 February 04: <a href="ap180204.html">Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun</a><br>
2018 February 03: <a href="ap180203.html">Earthshadow and the Beehive</a><br>
2018 February 02: <a href="ap180202.html">Moonrise Eclipse</a><br>
2018 February 01: <a href="ap180201.html">Moonset Eclipse</a><br>
2018 January 31: <a href="ap180131.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
2018 January 30: <a href="ap180130.html">Venus at Night in Infrared from Akatsuki</a><br>
2018 January 29: <a href="ap180129.html">The Spider and The Fly</a><br>
2018 January 28: <a href="ap180128.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan</a><br>
2018 January 27: <a href="ap180127.html">Laguna Starry Sky</a><br>
2018 January 26: <a href="ap180126.html">Selfie at Vera Rubin Ridge</a><br>
2018 January 25: <a href="ap180125.html">Cartwheel of Fortune</a><br>
2018 January 24: <a href="ap180124.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2018 January 23: <a href="ap180123.html">Ribbons and Pearls of Spiral Galaxy NGC 1398</a><br>
2018 January 22: <a href="ap180122.html">An Immersive Visualization of the Galactic Center</a><br>
2018 January 21: <a href="ap180121.html">The Upper Michigan Blizzard of 1938</a><br>
2018 January 20: <a href="ap180120.html">Old Moon in the New Moon's Arms</a><br>
2018 January 19: <a href="ap180119.html">Clouds in the LMC</a><br>
2018 January 18: <a href="ap180118.html">Blue Comet in the Hyades</a><br>
2018 January 17: <a href="ap180117.html">In the Valley of Orion</a><br>
2018 January 16: <a href="ap180116.html">An Elephant's Trunk in Cepheus</a><br>
2018 January 15: <a href="ap180115.html">Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2018 January 14: <a href="ap180114.html">Three Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2018 January 13: <a href="ap180113.html">Launch and Landing</a><br>
2018 January 12: <a href="ap180112.html">Blue Comet PanSTARRS</a><br>
2018 January 11: <a href="ap180111.html">RCW 114: A Dragon's Heart in Ara</a><br>
2018 January 10: <a href="ap180110.html">NGC 2623: Merging Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2018 January 09: <a href="ap180109.html">Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble</a><br>
2018 January 08: <a href="ap180108.html">Clouds of Andromeda</a><br>
2018 January 07: <a href="ap180107.html">A Tether in Space</a><br>
2018 January 06: <a href="ap180106.html">Planets on the Wing</a><br>
2018 January 05: <a href="ap180105.html">Carina over Lake Ballard</a><br>
2018 January 04: <a href="ap180104.html">M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab</a><br>
2018 January 03: <a href="ap180103.html">The Helix Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2018 January 02: <a href="ap180102.html">Unexpected X-Rays from Perseus Galaxy Cluster</a><br>
2018 January 01: <a href="ap180101.html">Sun Halo over Sweden</a><br>
2017 December 31: <a href="ap171231.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2017 December 30: <a href="ap171230.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2017 December 29: <a href="ap171229.html">M78 Wide Field</a><br>
2017 December 28: <a href="ap171228.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2017 December 27: <a href="ap171227.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2017 December 26: <a href="ap171226.html">Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
2017 December 25: <a href="ap171225.html">Fireball in the Arctic</a><br>
2017 December 24: <a href="ap171224.html">SpaceX Rocket Launch Plume over California</a><br>
2017 December 23: <a href="ap171223.html">Phaethon's Brood</a><br>
2017 December 22: <a href="ap171222.html">Gemini's Meteors</a><br>
2017 December 21: <a href="ap171221.html">Solstice Sun and Milky Way</a><br>
2017 December 20: <a href="ap171220.html">How to Wash Your Hair in Space</a><br>
2017 December 19: <a href="ap171219.html">The Spiral North Pole of Mars</a><br>
2017 December 18: <a href="ap171218.html">The Kepler 90 Planetary System</a><br>
2017 December 17: <a href="ap171217.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2017 December 16: <a href="ap171216.html">A Wintry Shower</a><br>
2017 December 15: <a href="ap171215.html">Geminids of the North</a><br>
2017 December 14: <a href="ap171214.html">Jupiter Diving</a><br>
2017 December 13: <a href="ap171213.html">Meteors over Inner Mongolia</a><br>
2017 December 12: <a href="ap171212.html">Highlights of the Winter Sky</a><br>
2017 December 11: <a href="ap171211.html">Mercury Visualized from MESSENGER</a><br>
2017 December 10: <a href="ap171210.html">In Green Company: Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2017 December 09: <a href="ap171209.html">Stardust in Aries</a><br>
2017 December 08: <a href="ap171208.html">Alpine Superga Moonset</a><br>
2017 December 07: <a href="ap171207.html">All the Eclipses of 2017</a><br>
2017 December 06: <a href="ap171206.html">HH 666: Carina Dust Pillar with Jet</a><br>
2017 December 05: <a href="ap171205.html">A Horizon with Blue and Red</a><br>
2017 December 04: <a href="ap171204.html">Earth and Moon</a><br>
2017 December 03: <a href="ap171203.html">Full Moon Silhouettes</a><br>
2017 December 02: <a href="ap171202.html">Messier Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2017 December 01: <a href="ap171201.html">North America and the Pelican</a><br>
2017 November 30: <a href="ap171130.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2017 November 29: <a href="ap171129.html">M42: The Great Orion Nebula</a><br>
2017 November 28: <a href="ap171128.html">Juno Spots a Complex Storm on Jupiter</a><br>
2017 November 27: <a href="ap171127.html">Hurricane Season Animated</a><br>
2017 November 26: <a href="ap171126.html">Our Story in One Minute</a><br>
2017 November 25: <a href="ap171125.html">Crossing Horizons</a><br>
2017 November 24: <a href="ap171124.html">Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater</a><br>
2017 November 23: <a href="ap171123.html">Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka</a><br>
2017 November 22: <a href="ap171122.html">'Oumuamua: Interstellar Asteroid</a><br>
2017 November 21: <a href="ap171121.html">Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain</a><br>
2017 November 20: <a href="ap171120.html">Curiosity Rover Takes Selfie on Mars</a><br>
2017 November 19: <a href="ap171119.html">NGC 7822: Stars and Dust Pillars in Infrared</a><br>
2017 November 18: <a href="ap171118.html">Friday the Moon Smiled</a><br>
2017 November 17: <a href="ap171117.html">Major Fireball Meteor</a><br>
2017 November 16: <a href="ap171116.html">The Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2017 November 15: <a href="ap171115.html">NGC 7789: Caroline's Rose</a><br>
2017 November 14: <a href="ap171114.html">The Pleiades Deep and Dusty</a><br>
2017 November 13: <a href="ap171113.html">Comet Machholz Approaches the Sun</a><br>
2017 November 12: <a href="ap171112.html">A Happy Sky over Los Angeles</a><br>
2017 November 11: <a href="ap171111.html">A Colourful Moon</a><br>
2017 November 10: <a href="ap171110.html">Williamina Fleming's Triangular Wisp</a><br>
2017 November 09: <a href="ap171109.html">NGC 1055 Close-up</a><br>
2017 November 08: <a href="ap171108.html">NGC 2261: Hubble's Variable Nebula</a><br>
2017 November 07: <a href="ap171107.html">The Prague Astronomical Clock</a><br>
2017 November 06: <a href="ap171106.html">A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P</a><br>
2017 November 05: <a href="ap171105.html">A Year of Full Moons</a><br>
2017 November 04: <a href="ap171104.html">Hubble s Messier 5</a><br>
2017 November 03: <a href="ap171103.html">A/2017 U1: An Interstellar Visitor</a><br>
2017 November 02: <a href="ap171102.html">NGC 891 vs Abell 347</a><br>
2017 November 01: <a href="ap171101.html">Thor's Helmet Emission Nebula</a><br>
2017 October 31: <a href="ap171031.html">Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe</a><br>
2017 October 30: <a href="ap171030.html">Orionid Meteors from Orion</a><br>
2017 October 29: <a href="ap171029.html">Night on a Spooky Planet</a><br>
2017 October 28: <a href="ap171028.html">NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2017 October 27: <a href="ap171027.html">Mirach's Ghost</a><br>
2017 October 26: <a href="ap171026.html">NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea</a><br>
2017 October 25: <a href="ap171025.html">Marius Hills: Holes in the Moon</a><br>
2017 October 24: <a href="ap171024.html">Where Your Elements Came From</a><br>
2017 October 23: <a href="ap171023.html">NGC 4993: The Galactic Home of an Historic Explosion</a><br>
2017 October 22: <a href="ap171022.html">Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75</a><br>
2017 October 21: <a href="ap171021.html">Lynds Dark Nebula 183</a><br>
2017 October 20: <a href="ap171020.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2017 October 19: <a href="ap171019.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2017 October 18: <a href="ap171018.html">Stars and Dust in Corona Australis</a><br>
2017 October 17: <a href="ap171017.html">Haumea of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2017 October 16: <a href="ap171016.html">GW170817: A Spectacular Multiradiation Merger Event</a><br>
2017 October 15: <a href="ap171015.html">On the Origin of Gold</a><br>
2017 October 14: <a href="ap171014.html">All Sky Steve</a><br>
2017 October 13: <a href="ap171013.html">Under the Galaxy</a><br>
2017 October 12: <a href="ap171012.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2017 October 11: <a href="ap171011.html">Star Cluster NGC 362 from Hubble</a><br>
2017 October 10: <a href="ap171010.html">Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Australian Pinnacles</a><br>
2017 October 09: <a href="ap171009.html">Unusual Mountain Ahuna Mons on Asteroid Ceres</a><br>
2017 October 08: <a href="ap171008.html">Dark Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2017 October 07: <a href="ap171007.html">Eclipsosaurus Rex</a><br>
2017 October 06: <a href="ap171006.html">Global Aurora at Mars</a><br>
2017 October 05: <a href="ap171005.html">Pluto's Bladed Terrain</a><br>
2017 October 04: <a href="ap171004.html">The Soul Nebula in Infrared from Herschel</a><br>
2017 October 03: <a href="ap171003.html">Ice Ring around Nearby Star Fomalhaut</a><br>
2017 October 02: <a href="ap171002.html">Two Comets and a Star Cluster</a><br>
2017 October 01: <a href="ap171001.html">Concept Plane: Supersonic Green Machine</a><br>
2017 September 30: <a href="ap170930.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2017 September 29: <a href="ap170929.html">Puppis A Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2017 September 28: <a href="ap170928.html">LIGO Virgo GW170814 Skymap</a><br>
2017 September 27: <a href="ap170927.html">Layers of a Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2017 September 26: <a href="ap170926.html">Cassinis Last Ring Portrait at Saturn</a><br>
2017 September 25: <a href="ap170925.html">Massive Shell Expelling Star G79 29 0 46</a><br>
2017 September 24: <a href="ap170924.html">How to Identify that Light in the Sky</a><br>
2017 September 23: <a href="ap170923.html">A Conjunction of Comets</a><br>
2017 September 22: <a href="ap170922.html">Solar Eclipse Solargraph</a><br>
2017 September 21: <a href="ap170921.html">A September Morning Sky</a><br>
2017 September 20: <a href="ap170920.html">The Big Corona</a><br>
2017 September 19: <a href="ap170919.html">Veil Nebula: Wisps of an Exploded Star</a><br>
2017 September 18: <a href="ap170918.html">Orion above Easter Island</a><br>
2017 September 17: <a href="ap170917.html">Bright Spiral Galaxy M81</a><br>
2017 September 16: <a href="ap170916.html">Cassini's Final Image</a><br>
2017 September 15: <a href="ap170915.html">100 Steps Forward</a><br>
2017 September 14: <a href="ap170914.html">Flare Well AR2673</a><br>
2017 September 13: <a href="ap170913.html">NGC 6334: The Cats Paw Nebula</a><br>
2017 September 12: <a href="ap170912.html">A Total Solar Eclipse Close Up in Real Time</a><br>
2017 September 11: <a href="ap170911.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2017 September 10: <a href="ap170910.html">Swirling Around the Eye of Hurricane Irma</a><br>
2017 September 09: <a href="ap170909.html">Calm Waters and Geomagnetic Storm</a><br>
2017 September 08: <a href="ap170908.html">The Great Gig in the Sky</a><br>
2017 September 07: <a href="ap170907.html">The Flash Spectrum of the Sun</a><br>
2017 September 06: <a href="ap170906.html">The Climber and the Eclipse</a><br>
2017 September 05: <a href="ap170905.html">Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1</a><br>
2017 September 04: <a href="ap170904.html">Saturn's Rings from the Inside Out</a><br>
2017 September 03: <a href="ap170903.html">A Waterspout in Florida</a><br>
2017 September 02: <a href="ap170902.html">Milky Way Voyager</a><br>
2017 September 01: <a href="ap170901.html">A First Glimpse of the Great American Eclipse</a><br>
2017 August 31: <a href="ap170831.html">Lunar View, Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2017 August 30: <a href="ap170830.html">Panoramic Eclipse Composite with Star Trails</a><br>
2017 August 29: <a href="ap170829.html">Saturn in Blue and Gold</a><br>
2017 August 28: <a href="ap170828.html">A Fleeting Double Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
2017 August 27: <a href="ap170827.html">The Heart Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2017 August 26: <a href="ap170826.html">Hurricane Harvey Strengthens</a><br>
2017 August 25: <a href="ap170825.html">Diamond Ring in a Cloudy Sky</a><br>
2017 August 24: <a href="ap170824.html">The Eagle and The Swan</a><br>
2017 August 23: <a href="ap170823.html">The Crown of the Sun</a><br>
2017 August 22: <a href="ap170822.html">A Total Solar Eclipse over Wyoming</a><br>
2017 August 21: <a href="ap170821.html">Milky Way over Chilean Volcanoes</a><br>
2017 August 20: <a href="ap170820.html">Time Lapse: A Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2017 August 19: <a href="ap170819.html">Total Solar Eclipse of 1979</a><br>
2017 August 18: <a href="ap170818.html">Perseids over the Pyrenees</a><br>
2017 August 17: <a href="ap170817.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2017 August 16: <a href="ap170816.html">Perseid by the Sea</a><br>
2017 August 15: <a href="ap170815.html">Stars, Gas, and Dust Battle in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2017 August 14: <a href="ap170814.html">Charon Flyover from New Horizons</a><br>
2017 August 13: <a href="ap170813.html">Detailed View of a Solar Eclipse Corona</a><br>
2017 August 12: <a href="ap170812.html">A Day in the Life of a Human Sundial</a><br>
2017 August 11: <a href="ap170811.html">A Total Solar Eclipse of Saros 145</a><br>
2017 August 10: <a href="ap170810.html">Night of the Perseids</a><br>
2017 August 09: <a href="ap170809.html">August's Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2017 August 08: <a href="ap170808.html">Density Waves in Saturn's Rings from Cassini</a><br>
2017 August 07: <a href="ap170807.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Inner Ring</a><br>
2017 August 06: <a href="ap170806.html">Milky Way and Exploding Meteor</a><br>
2017 August 05: <a href="ap170805.html">Gravity's Grin</a><br>
2017 August 04: <a href="ap170804.html">North North Temperate Zone Little Red Spot</a><br>
2017 August 03: <a href="ap170803.html">Pelican Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2017 August 02: <a href="ap170802.html">The Dust Monster in IC 1396</a><br>
2017 August 01: <a href="ap170801.html">Perseid Meteors over Turkey</a><br>
2017 July 31: <a href="ap170731.html">Pluto Flyover from New Horizons</a><br>
2017 July 30: <a href="ap170730.html">A Total Eclipse at the End of the World</a><br>
2017 July 29: <a href="ap170729.html">Aurora Slathers up the Sky</a><br>
2017 July 28: <a href="ap170728.html">Noodle Mosaic of Saturn</a><br>
2017 July 27: <a href="ap170727.html">A Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2017 July 26: <a href="ap170726.html">The Milky Way over Monument Valley</a><br>
2017 July 25: <a href="ap170725.html">Int Ball Drone Activated on the Space Station</a><br>
2017 July 24: <a href="ap170724.html">A Hybrid Solar Eclipse over Kenya</a><br>
2017 July 23: <a href="ap170723.html">Mercury as Revealed by MESSENGER</a><br>
2017 July 22: <a href="ap170722.html">Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun</a><br>
2017 July 21: <a href="ap170721.html">Phobos: Moon over Mars</a><br>
2017 July 20: <a href="ap170720.html">IC 1396: Emission Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2017 July 19: <a href="ap170719.html">Ireson Hill on Mars</a><br>
2017 July 18: <a href="ap170718.html">Thunder Moon over Pisa</a><br>
2017 July 17: <a href="ap170717.html">Moon Shadow versus Sun Reflection</a><br>
2017 July 16: <a href="ap170716.html">Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats</a><br>
2017 July 15: <a href="ap170715.html">Close up of the Great Red Spot</a><br>
2017 July 14: <a href="ap170714.html">NGC 4449: Close up of a Small Galaxy</a><br>
2017 July 13: <a href="ap170713.html">Full Moon and Boston Light</a><br>
2017 July 12: <a href="ap170712.html">Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2017 July 11: <a href="ap170711.html">Star Cluster Omega Centauri in HDR</a><br>
2017 July 10: <a href="ap170710.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Nuclear Ring</a><br>
2017 July 09: <a href="ap170709.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2017 July 08: <a href="ap170708.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342</a><br>
2017 July 07: <a href="ap170707.html">A View Toward M106</a><br>
2017 July 06: <a href="ap170706.html">Atlas, Daphnis, and Pan</a><br>
2017 July 05: <a href="ap170705.html">Aphelion Sunrise</a><br>
2017 July 04: <a href="ap170704.html">Celestial Fireworks: Into Star Cluster Westerlund 2</a><br>
2017 July 03: <a href="ap170703.html">The Summer Triangle over the Great Wall</a><br>
2017 July 02: <a href="ap170702.html">Mountains of Dust in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2017 July 01: <a href="ap170701.html">3D Lava Falls of Mars</a><br>
2017 June 30: <a href="ap170630.html">NGC 7814: The Little Sombrero in Pegasus</a><br>
2017 June 29: <a href="ap170629.html">Symbiotic R Aquarii</a><br>
2017 June 28: <a href="ap170628.html">Composite Messier 20 and 21</a><br>
2017 June 27: <a href="ap170627.html">The M81 Galaxy Group through the Integrated Flux Nebula</a><br>
2017 June 26: <a href="ap170626.html">Artistic Impression: The Surface of TRAPPIST 1f</a><br>
2017 June 25: <a href="ap170625.html">The N44 Superbubble</a><br>
2017 June 24: <a href="ap170624.html">Markarian's Chain to Messier 64</a><br>
2017 June 23: <a href="ap170623.html">Solstice Conjunction over Budapest</a><br>
2017 June 22: <a href="ap170622.html">Northern Summer on Titan</a><br>
2017 June 21: <a href="ap170621.html">A Sundial that Shows Solstice</a><br>
2017 June 20: <a href="ap170620.html">The Massive Stars in Westerlund 1</a><br>
2017 June 19: <a href="ap170619.html">Eclipse Across America: Path Prediction Video</a><br>
2017 June 18: <a href="ap170618.html">Views from Cassini at Saturn</a><br>
2017 June 17: <a href="ap170617.html">Saturn near Opposition</a><br>
2017 June 16: <a href="ap170616.html">Manhattan Moonrise</a><br>
2017 June 15: <a href="ap170615.html">Red Sprites over the Channel</a><br>
2017 June 14: <a href="ap170614.html">M89: Elliptical Galaxy with Outer Shells and Plumes</a><br>
2017 June 13: <a href="ap170613.html">The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
2017 June 12: <a href="ap170612.html">An Unusual Hole in Mars</a><br>
2017 June 11: <a href="ap170611.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2017 June 10: <a href="ap170610.html">Saturn in the Milky Way</a><br>
2017 June 09: <a href="ap170609.html">M27 Not a Comet</a><br>
2017 June 08: <a href="ap170608.html">Firefall by Moonlight</a><br>
2017 June 07: <a href="ap170607.html">Orbiting Jupiter</a><br>
2017 June 06: <a href="ap170606.html">The Case of the Missing Star</a><br>
2017 June 05: <a href="ap170605.html">Highlights of the Summer Sky</a><br>
2017 June 04: <a href="ap170604.html">Orion: Belt, Flame, and Horsehead</a><br>
2017 June 03: <a href="ap170603.html">Perijove Passage</a><br>
2017 June 02: <a href="ap170602.html">Black Holes of Known Mass</a><br>
2017 June 01: <a href="ap170601.html">Shadowrise and Sunset</a><br>
2017 May 31: <a href="ap170531.html">Approaching the Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2017 May 30: <a href="ap170530.html">A Kalahari Sky</a><br>
2017 May 29: <a href="ap170529.html">Beneath Jupiter</a><br>
2017 May 28: <a href="ap170528.html">Collapse in Hebes Chasma on Mars</a><br>
2017 May 27: <a href="ap170527.html">Comet Clark is near the Edge.</a><br>
2017 May 26: <a href="ap170526.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744</a><br>
2017 May 25: <a href="ap170525.html">Star Cluster, Spiral Galaxy, Supernova</a><br>
2017 May 24: <a href="ap170524.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2017 May 23: <a href="ap170523.html">Approaching Jupiter</a><br>
2017 May 22: <a href="ap170522.html">A Zodiacal Sky over Horseshoe Bend</a><br>
2017 May 21: <a href="ap170521.html">In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2017 May 20: <a href="ap170520.html">A View Toward M101</a><br>
2017 May 19: <a href="ap170519.html">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a><br>
2017 May 18: <a href="ap170518.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2017 May 17: <a href="ap170517.html">Galaxy Group Hickson 90</a><br>
2017 May 16: <a href="ap170516.html">Gemini Stars Pollux and Castor</a><br>
2017 May 15: <a href="ap170515.html">Lightning Storm Moves Across the USA</a><br>
2017 May 14: <a href="ap170514.html">Ganymede: The Largest Moon</a><br>
2017 May 13: <a href="ap170513.html">Planet Aurora</a><br>
2017 May 12: <a href="ap170512.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2017 May 11: <a href="ap170511.html">The Multiwavelength Crab</a><br>
2017 May 10: <a href="ap170510.html">UGC 1810: Wildly Interacting Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2017 May 09: <a href="ap170509.html">Big Dipper Above and Below Chilean Volcanoes</a><br>
2017 May 08: <a href="ap170508.html">Ancient Ogunquit Beach on Mars</a><br>
2017 May 07: <a href="ap170507.html">Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula</a><br>
2017 May 06: <a href="ap170506.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 370 and Beyond</a><br>
2017 May 05: <a href="ap170505.html">The Bull's Eye and the Young Moon</a><br>
2017 May 04: <a href="ap170504.html">The Perseus Cluster Waves</a><br>
2017 May 03: <a href="ap170503.html">NGC 3628: The Hamburger Galaxy</a><br>
2017 May 02: <a href="ap170502.html">Approach above Sunset</a><br>
2017 May 01: <a href="ap170501.html">Cooling Neutron Star</a><br>
2017 April 30: <a href="ap170430.html">Cassini Looks Out from Saturn</a><br>
2017 April 29: <a href="ap170429.html">Arches of Spring</a><br>
2017 April 28: <a href="ap170428.html">Exploring the Antennae</a><br>
2017 April 27: <a href="ap170427.html">Lyrids in Southern Skies</a><br>
2017 April 26: <a href="ap170426.html">Mt. Etna Lava Plume</a><br>
2017 April 25: <a href="ap170425.html">A Split Ion Tail for Comet Lovejoy E4</a><br>
2017 April 24: <a href="ap170424.html">A White Battle in the Black Sea</a><br>
2017 April 23: <a href="ap170423.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2017 April 22: <a href="ap170422.html">Between the Rings</a><br>
2017 April 21: <a href="ap170421.html">NGC 4302 and NGC 4298</a><br>
2017 April 20: <a href="ap170420.html">Asteroid 2014 JO25</a><br>
2017 April 19: <a href="ap170419.html">The Red Spider Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2017 April 18: <a href="ap170418.html">Night Glows</a><br>
2017 April 17: <a href="ap170417.html">Two Million Stars on the Move</a><br>
2017 April 16: <a href="ap170416.html">Life Enabling Plumes above Enceladus</a><br>
2017 April 15: <a href="ap170415.html">Luminous Salar de Uyuni</a><br>
2017 April 14: <a href="ap170414.html">Earth Shadow over Damavand</a><br>
2017 April 13: <a href="ap170413.html">Moons and Jupiter</a><br>
2017 April 12: <a href="ap170412.html">Leo Trio</a><br>
2017 April 11: <a href="ap170411.html">Man, Dog, Sun</a><br>
2017 April 10: <a href="ap170410.html">Galaxy Cluster Gas Creates Hole in Microwave Background</a><br>
2017 April 09: <a href="ap170409.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2017 April 08: <a href="ap170408.html">Zeta Oph: Runaway Star</a><br>
2017 April 07: <a href="ap170407.html">Castle Eye View</a><br>
2017 April 06: <a href="ap170406.html">Dark Nebula LDN 1622 and Barnard's Loop</a><br>
2017 April 05: <a href="ap170405.html">Filaments of Active Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2017 April 04: <a href="ap170404.html">Plane Contrail and Sun Halo</a><br>
2017 April 03: <a href="ap170403.html">Saturn in Infrared from Cassini</a><br>
2017 April 02: <a href="ap170402.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2017 April 01: <a href="ap170401.html">Split the Universe</a><br>
2017 March 31: <a href="ap170331.html">3D 67P</a><br>
2017 March 30: <a href="ap170330.html">Young Stars and Dusty Nebulae in Taurus</a><br>
2017 March 29: <a href="ap170329.html">Nebula with Laser Beams</a><br>
2017 March 28: <a href="ap170328.html">King of Wings Hoodoo under the Milky Way</a><br>
2017 March 27: <a href="ap170327.html">Black Hole Accreting with Jet</a><br>
2017 March 26: <a href="ap170326.html">Tardigrade in Moss</a><br>
2017 March 25: <a href="ap170325.html">Ganymede's Shadow</a><br>
2017 March 24: <a href="ap170324.html">The Comet, the Owl, and the Galaxy</a><br>
2017 March 23: <a href="ap170323.html">SH2-155: The Cave Nebula</a><br>
2017 March 22: <a href="ap170322.html">Central Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2017 March 21: <a href="ap170321.html">Fast Stars and Rogue Planets in the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2017 March 20: <a href="ap170320.html">The Aurora Tree</a><br>
2017 March 19: <a href="ap170319.html">Equinox on a Spinning Earth</a><br>
2017 March 18: <a href="ap170318.html">JWST: Ghosts and Mirrors</a><br>
2017 March 17: <a href="ap170317.html">Phases of Venus</a><br>
2017 March 16: <a href="ap170316.html">Mimas in Saturnlight</a><br>
2017 March 15: <a href="ap170315.html">The Cone Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2017 March 14: <a href="ap170314.html">A Dark Winter Sky over Monfrag�e National Park in Spain</a><br>
2017 March 13: <a href="ap170313.html">Saturn's Moon Pan from Cassini</a><br>
2017 March 12: <a href="ap170312.html">At the Heart of Orion</a><br>
2017 March 11: <a href="ap170311.html">Reflections on vdB 31</a><br>
2017 March 10: <a href="ap170310.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 2666</a><br>
2017 March 09: <a href="ap170309.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2017 March 08: <a href="ap170308.html">Dust, Gas, and Stars in the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2017 March 07: <a href="ap170307.html">UGC 12591: The Fastest Rotating Galaxy Known</a><br>
2017 March 06: <a href="ap170306.html">Colorful Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2017 March 05: <a href="ap170305.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2017 March 04: <a href="ap170304.html">Still Life with Reflecting Dust</a><br>
2017 March 03: <a href="ap170303.html">Sivan 2 to M31</a><br>
2017 March 02: <a href="ap170302.html">Annular Eclipse After Sunrise</a><br>
2017 March 01: <a href="ap170301.html">A Solar Eclipse with a Beaded Ring of Fire</a><br>
2017 February 28: <a href="ap170228.html">A White Oval Cloud on Jupiter from Juno</a><br>
2017 February 27: <a href="ap170227.html">Four Quasar Images Surround a Galaxy Lens</a><br>
2017 February 26: <a href="ap170226.html">A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana</a><br>
2017 February 25: <a href="ap170225.html">All Planets Panorama</a><br>
2017 February 24: <a href="ap170224.html">NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group</a><br>
2017 February 23: <a href="ap170223.html">Seven Worlds for TRAPPIST 1</a><br>
2017 February 22: <a href="ap170222.html">Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn</a><br>
2017 February 21: <a href="ap170221.html">An Active Night over the Magellan Telescopes</a><br>
2017 February 20: <a href="ap170220.html">Almost Three Tails for Comet Encke</a><br>
2017 February 19: <a href="ap170219.html">Black Sun and Inverted Starfield</a><br>
2017 February 18: <a href="ap170218.html">Penumbral Eclipse Rising</a><br>
2017 February 17: <a href="ap170217.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660</a><br>
2017 February 16: <a href="ap170216.html">The Tulip and Cygnus X 1</a><br>
2017 February 15: <a href="ap170215.html">The Calabash Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2017 February 14: <a href="ap170214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2017 February 13: <a href="ap170213.html">Cloud Swirls around Southern Jupiter from Juno</a><br>
2017 February 12: <a href="ap170212.html">Comet 45P Passes Near the Earth</a><br>
2017 February 11: <a href="ap170211.html">Solar System Portrait</a><br>
2017 February 10: <a href="ap170210.html">Melotte 15 inthe Heart</a><br>
2017 February 09: <a href="ap170209.html">Crescent Enceladus</a><br>
2017 February 08: <a href="ap170208.html">The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2017 February 07: <a href="ap170207.html">NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula</a><br>
2017 February 06: <a href="ap170206.html">The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2017 February 05: <a href="ap170205.html">Odysseus Crater on Tethys</a><br>
2017 February 04: <a href="ap170204.html">Conjunction of Four</a><br>
2017 February 03: <a href="ap170203.html">Milky Way with Airglow Australis</a><br>
2017 February 02: <a href="ap170202.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2017 February 01: <a href="ap170201.html">Four Planets Orbiting Star HR 8799</a><br>
2017 January 31: <a href="ap170131.html">Where to See the American Eclipse</a><br>
2017 January 30: <a href="ap170130.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2017 January 29: <a href="ap170129.html">Red Aurora Over Australia</a><br>
2017 January 28: <a href="ap170128.html">N159 in the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2017 January 27: <a href="ap170127.html">Venus Through Water Drops</a><br>
2017 January 26: <a href="ap170126.html">GOES-16: Moon over Planet Earth</a><br>
2017 January 25: <a href="ap170125.html">Cassini's Grand Finale Tour at Saturn</a><br>
2017 January 24: <a href="ap170124.html">M78 and Orion Dust Reflections</a><br>
2017 January 23: <a href="ap170123.html">Winter Hexagon over Manla Reservoir</a><br>
2017 January 22: <a href="ap170122.html">SpaceX Falcon 9 to Orbit</a><br>
2017 January 21: <a href="ap170121.html">Daphnis the Wavemaker</a><br>
2017 January 20: <a href="ap170120.html">Layer Cake Sunset</a><br>
2017 January 19: <a href="ap170119.html">The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2017 January 18: <a href="ap170118.html">Space Station Vista: Planet and Galaxy</a><br>
2017 January 17: <a href="ap170117.html">Fly Me to the Moon</a><br>
2017 January 16: <a href="ap170116.html">Geostationary Highway through Orion</a><br>
2017 January 15: <a href="ap170115.html">The Matter of the Bullet Cluster</a><br>
2017 January 14: <a href="ap170114.html">Stardust in the Perseus Molecular cloud</a><br>
2017 January 13: <a href="ap170113.html">When Mars met Neptune</a><br>
2017 January 12: <a href="ap170112.html">Edge-On NGC 891</a><br>
2017 January 11: <a href="ap170111.html">Mimas, Crater, and Mountain</a><br>
2017 January 10: <a href="ap170110.html">Sentinels of a Northern Sky</a><br>
2017 January 09: <a href="ap170109.html">In the Center of Spiral Galaxy NGC 5033</a><br>
2017 January 08: <a href="ap170108.html">IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula</a><br>
2017 January 07: <a href="ap170107.html">Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2017 January 06: <a href="ap170106.html">New York Harbor Moonset</a><br>
2017 January 05: <a href="ap170105.html">Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273</a><br>
2017 January 04: <a href="ap170104.html">Clouds of Andromeda</a><br>
2017 January 03: <a href="ap170103.html">Pandora Close up at Saturn</a><br>
2017 January 02: <a href="ap170102.html">Comet 45P Returns</a><br>
2017 January 01: <a href="ap170101.html">A Full Sky Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2016 December 31: <a href="ap161231.html">Infrared Trifid</a><br>
2016 December 30: <a href="ap161230.html">Lunar Farside</a><br>
2016 December 29: <a href="ap161229.html">Shell Game in the LMC</a><br>
2016 December 28: <a href="ap161228.html">Curiosity Surveys Lower Mount Sharp on Mars</a><br>
2016 December 27: <a href="ap161227.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2016 December 26: <a href="ap161226.html">NGC 6357: Stellar Wonderland</a><br>
2016 December 25: <a href="ap161225.html">The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2016 December 24: <a href="ap161224.html">Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2016 December 23: <a href="ap161223.html">Once Upon a Solstice Eve</a><br>
2016 December 22: <a href="ap161222.html">An Airplane Glory</a><br>
2016 December 21: <a href="ap161221.html">Traces of the Sun</a><br>
2016 December 20: <a href="ap161220.html">Sharpless 308: Star Bubble</a><br>
2016 December 19: <a href="ap161219.html">Supermoon over Spanish Castle</a><br>
2016 December 18: <a href="ap161218.html">The Cartwheel Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2016 December 17: <a href="ap161217.html">Southern Jupiter from Perijove 3</a><br>
2016 December 16: <a href="ap161216.html">Meteors vs Supermoon</a><br>
2016 December 15: <a href="ap161215.html">Seagull to Sirius</a><br>
2016 December 14: <a href="ap161214.html">The Lagoon Nebula in High Definition</a><br>
2016 December 13: <a href="ap161213.html">Meteors over Four Girls Mountain</a><br>
2016 December 12: <a href="ap161212.html">Over Saturn's Turbulent North Pole</a><br>
2016 December 11: <a href="ap161211.html">The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi</a><br>
2016 December 10: <a href="ap161210.html">The Lunar X</a><br>
2016 December 09: <a href="ap161209.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2016 December 08: <a href="ap161208.html">Whirlpool with Comets</a><br>
2016 December 07: <a href="ap161207.html">NGC 4696: Filaments around a Black Hole</a><br>
2016 December 06: <a href="ap161206.html">Aurora over Jupiter's South Pole from Juno</a><br>
2016 December 05: <a href="ap161205.html">Lightning over Colorado</a><br>
2016 December 04: <a href="ap161204.html">Official Star Names for Orion</a><br>
2016 December 03: <a href="ap161203.html">Galaxies in Pegasus</a><br>
2016 December 02: <a href="ap161202.html">A Triple Star is Born</a><br>
2016 December 01: <a href="ap161201.html">Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2016 November 30: <a href="ap161130.html">Milky Way over Shipwreck</a><br>
2016 November 29: <a href="ap161129.html">W5: The Soul of Star Formation</a><br>
2016 November 28: <a href="ap161128.html">Arp 240: A Bridge between Spiral Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2016 November 27: <a href="ap161127.html">Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System</a><br>
2016 November 26: <a href="ap161126.html">East to West, Light and Shadow</a><br>
2016 November 25: <a href="ap161125.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2016 November 24: <a href="ap161124.html">Ring Scan</a><br>
2016 November 23: <a href="ap161123.html">NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea</a><br>
2016 November 22: <a href="ap161122.html">Plutos Sputnik Planum</a><br>
2016 November 21: <a href="ap161121.html">Nova over Thailand</a><br>
2016 November 20: <a href="ap161120.html">NGC 4414: A Flocculent Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2016 November 19: <a href="ap161119.html">IC 5070: A Dusty Pelican in the Swan</a><br>
2016 November 18: <a href="ap161118.html">Philadelphia Perigee Full Moon</a><br>
2016 November 17: <a href="ap161117.html">Soyuz vs Supermoon</a><br>
2016 November 16: <a href="ap161116.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2016 November 15: <a href="ap161115.html">Cold Weather Delayed over North America</a><br>
2016 November 14: <a href="ap161114.html">Supermoon and Space Station</a><br>
2016 November 13: <a href="ap161113.html">Super Moon vs Micro Moon</a><br>
2016 November 12: <a href="ap161112.html">NGC 891 vs Abell 347</a><br>
2016 November 11: <a href="ap161111.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2016 November 10: <a href="ap161110.html">Great Rift Near the Center of the Milky Way</a><br>
2016 November 09: <a href="ap161109.html">M63: The Sunflower Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2016 November 08: <a href="ap161108.html">The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2016 November 07: <a href="ap161107.html">Inverted City Beneath Clouds</a><br>
2016 November 06: <a href="ap161106.html">Starburst Cluster in NGC 3603</a><br>
2016 November 05: <a href="ap161105.html">ISS Fisheye Flythrough</a><br>
2016 November 04: <a href="ap161104.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2016 November 03: <a href="ap161103.html">NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe</a><br>
2016 November 02: <a href="ap161102.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2016 November 01: <a href="ap161101.html">Arp 299: Black Holes in Colliding Galaxies</a><br>
2016 October 31: <a href="ap161031.html">Ghost Aurora over Canada</a><br>
2016 October 30: <a href="ap161030.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2016 October 29: <a href="ap161029.html">Moonset at Whitby Abbey</a><br>
2016 October 28: <a href="ap161028.html">Haunting the Cepheus Flare</a><br>
2016 October 27: <a href="ap161027.html">A Giant Squid in the Flying Bat</a><br>
2016 October 26: <a href="ap161026.html">Propeller Shadows on Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2016 October 25: <a href="ap161025.html">Clouds Near Jupiter's South Pole from Juno</a><br>
2016 October 24: <a href="ap161024.html">HI4PI: The Hydrogen Sky</a><br>
2016 October 23: <a href="ap161023.html">Eagle Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2016 October 22: <a href="ap161022.html">Cerro Tololo Trails</a><br>
2016 October 21: <a href="ap161021.html">Full Moon in Mountain Shadow</a><br>
2016 October 20: <a href="ap161020.html">The Tulip in the Swan</a><br>
2016 October 19: <a href="ap161019.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2016 October 18: <a href="ap161018.html">The Antlia Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2016 October 17: <a href="ap161017.html">An Atlas V Rocket Launches OSIRIS REx</a><br>
2016 October 16: <a href="ap161016.html">Cylindrical Mountains on Venus</a><br>
2016 October 15: <a href="ap161015.html">Gemini Observatory North</a><br>
2016 October 14: <a href="ap161014.html">Herschel's Orion</a><br>
2016 October 13: <a href="ap161013.html">Galaxies from the Altiplano</a><br>
2016 October 12: <a href="ap161012.html">Penumbral Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2016 October 11: <a href="ap161011.html">The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation</a><br>
2016 October 10: <a href="ap161010.html">The Winds of Earth</a><br>
2016 October 09: <a href="ap161009.html">Hurricane Ivan from the Space Station</a><br>
2016 October 08: <a href="ap161008.html">Moon, Mercury, and Twilight Radio</a><br>
2016 October 07: <a href="ap161007.html">The Hydrogen Clouds of M33</a><br>
2016 October 06: <a href="ap161006.html">Trifid, Lagoon, and Mars</a><br>
2016 October 05: <a href="ap161005.html">A Crumbling Layered Butte on Mars</a><br>
2016 October 04: <a href="ap161004.html">Nest of the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2016 October 03: <a href="ap161003.html">Explore Rosetta's Comet</a><br>
2016 October 02: <a href="ap161002.html">Aurora Over White Dome Geyser</a><br>
2016 October 01: <a href="ap161001.html">Rosetta's Farewell</a><br>
2016 September 30: <a href="ap160930.html">Lynds Dark Nebula 1251</a><br>
2016 September 29: <a href="ap160929.html">Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope</a><br>
2016 September 28: <a href="ap160928.html">NGC 3576: The Statue of Liberty Nebula</a><br>
2016 September 27: <a href="ap160927.html">Jupiter's Europa from Spacecraft Galileo</a><br>
2016 September 26: <a href="ap160926.html">Gaia: Here Comes the Sun</a><br>
2016 September 25: <a href="ap160925.html">Saturn from Above</a><br>
2016 September 24: <a href="ap160924.html">Heart and Soul and Double Cluster</a><br>
2016 September 23: <a href="ap160923.html">Harvest Moon Eclipse</a><br>
2016 September 22: <a href="ap160922.html">Sunset at Edmontonhenge</a><br>
2016 September 21: <a href="ap160921.html">Zooming in on Star Cluster Terzan 5</a><br>
2016 September 20: <a href="ap160920.html">The Helix Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2016 September 19: <a href="ap160919.html">50000 Kilometers over the Sun</a><br>
2016 September 18: <a href="ap160918.html">Starry Night Scavenger Hunt</a><br>
2016 September 17: <a href="ap160917.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2016 September 16: <a href="ap160916.html">Full Moon over Brno</a><br>
2016 September 15: <a href="ap160915.html">Retrograde Mars and Saturn</a><br>
2016 September 14: <a href="ap160914.html">The North and South Jupiter</a><br>
2016 September 13: <a href="ap160913.html">NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2016 September 12: <a href="ap160912.html">Philae Lander Found on Comet 67P</a><br>
2016 September 11: <a href="ap160911.html">All the Water on Planet Earth</a><br>
2016 September 10: <a href="ap160910.html">The Launch of OSIRIS REx</a><br>
2016 September 09: <a href="ap160909.html">The Wide and Deep Lagoon</a><br>
2016 September 08: <a href="ap160908.html">Mars in the Clouds</a><br>
2016 September 07: <a href="ap160907.html">Eclipse to Sunset</a><br>
2016 September 06: <a href="ap160906.html">The Whirlpool Galaxy and Beyond</a><br>
2016 September 05: <a href="ap160905.html">Spiral Meteor through the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2016 September 04: <a href="ap160904.html">Io over Jupiter from Voyager 1</a><br>
2016 September 03: <a href="ap160903.html">Reunion Island Eclipse</a><br>
2016 September 02: <a href="ap160902.html">Little Planet Astro Camp</a><br>
2016 September 01: <a href="ap160901.html">Light at the End of the Road</a><br>
2016 August 31: <a href="ap160831.html">Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico</a><br>
2016 August 30: <a href="ap160830.html">Aurora over Icelandic Fault</a><br>
2016 August 29: <a href="ap160829.html">Young Suns of NGC 7129</a><br>
2016 August 28: <a href="ap160828.html">Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2016 August 27: <a href="ap160827.html">Lunar Orbiter Earthset</a><br>
2016 August 26: <a href="ap160826.html">The Milky Way Sets</a><br>
2016 August 25: <a href="ap160825.html">Closest Star has Potentially Habitable Planet</a><br>
2016 August 24: <a href="ap160824.html">Curiosity at Murray Buttes on Mars</a><br>
2016 August 23: <a href="ap160823.html">Gigantic Jet Lightning over China</a><br>
2016 August 22: <a href="ap160822.html">Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma</a><br>
2016 August 21: <a href="ap160821.html">Map of Total Solar Eclipse Path in 2017 August</a><br>
2016 August 20: <a href="ap160820.html">Gamma rays and Comet Dust</a><br>
2016 August 19: <a href="ap160819.html">Perseid Fireball at Sunset Crater</a><br>
2016 August 18: <a href="ap160818.html">Perseid Night at Yosemite</a><br>
2016 August 17: <a href="ap160817.html">Meteor before Galaxy</a><br>
2016 August 16: <a href="ap160816.html">Five Planets and the Moon over Australia</a><br>
2016 August 15: <a href="ap160815.html">Human as Spaceship</a><br>
2016 August 14: <a href="ap160814.html">The Keyhole in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2016 August 13: <a href="ap160813.html">Perseid from Torralba del Burgo</a><br>
2016 August 12: <a href="ap160812.html">The Easterbunny Comes to NGC 4725</a><br>
2016 August 11: <a href="ap160811.html">Perseid, Aurora, and Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
2016 August 10: <a href="ap160810.html">Colliding Galaxies in Stephans Quintet</a><br>
2016 August 09: <a href="ap160809.html">Mars at Closest Approach 2016</a><br>
2016 August 08: <a href="ap160808.html">Perseid Meteors over Mount Shasta</a><br>
2016 August 07: <a href="ap160807.html">Io: Moon over Jupiter</a><br>
2016 August 06: <a href="ap160806.html">Las Campanas Moon and Mercury</a><br>
2016 August 05: <a href="ap160805.html">Apollo 15 Panorama</a><br>
2016 August 04: <a href="ap160804.html">M63: Sunflower Galaxy Wide Field</a><br>
2016 August 03: <a href="ap160803.html">Behold the Universe</a><br>
2016 August 02: <a href="ap160802.html">A Rocket Booster Falls Back to Earth</a><br>
2016 August 01: <a href="ap160801.html">Behind Saturn</a><br>
2016 July 31: <a href="ap160731.html">A Huge Solar Filament Erupts</a><br>
2016 July 30: <a href="ap160730.html">Ripples Through a Dark Sky</a><br>
2016 July 29: <a href="ap160729.html">Blue Danube Analemma</a><br>
2016 July 28: <a href="ap160728.html">Herschel's Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 27: <a href="ap160727.html">M13: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars</a><br>
2016 July 26: <a href="ap160726.html">Puzzling a Sky over Argentina</a><br>
2016 July 25: <a href="ap160725.html">Deep Magellanic Clouds Image Indicates Collisions</a><br>
2016 July 24: <a href="ap160724.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 23: <a href="ap160723.html">Summer Planets and Milky Way</a><br>
2016 July 22: <a href="ap160722.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell S1063 and Beyond</a><br>
2016 July 21: <a href="ap160721.html">Falcon 9: Launch and Landing</a><br>
2016 July 20: <a href="ap160720.html">Dark Dunes on Mars</a><br>
2016 July 19: <a href="ap160719.html">Color the Universe</a><br>
2016 July 18: <a href="ap160718.html">The Orion Nebula in Infrared from HAWK I</a><br>
2016 July 17: <a href="ap160717.html">Mercury on the Horizon</a><br>
2016 July 16: <a href="ap160716.html">The North Celestial Tower</a><br>
2016 July 15: <a href="ap160715.html">NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 14: <a href="ap160714.html">NGC 1309: Spiral Galaxy and Friends</a><br>
2016 July 13: <a href="ap160713.html">M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2016 July 12: <a href="ap160712.html">Chasing Juno</a><br>
2016 July 11: <a href="ap160711.html">Aurorae on Jupiter</a><br>
2016 July 10: <a href="ap160710.html">Moon Meets Jupiter</a><br>
2016 July 09: <a href="ap160709.html">Noctilucent Clouds Tour France</a><br>
2016 July 08: <a href="ap160708.html">The Swirling Core of the Crab Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 07: <a href="ap160707.html">The Altiplano Night</a><br>
2016 July 06: <a href="ap160706.html">Arp 286: Trio in Virgo</a><br>
2016 July 05: <a href="ap160705.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2016 July 04: <a href="ap160704.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 03: <a href="ap160703.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2016 July 02: <a href="ap160702.html">Firefly Trails and the Summer Milky Way</a><br>
2016 July 01: <a href="ap160701.html">Juno Approaching Jupiter</a><br>
2016 June 30: <a href="ap160630.html">The New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness</a><br>
2016 June 29: <a href="ap160629.html">From Alpha to Omega in Crete</a><br>
2016 June 28: <a href="ap160628.html">Juno Mission Trailer</a><br>
2016 June 27: <a href="ap160627.html">Anticrepuscular Rays over Colorado II</a><br>
2016 June 26: <a href="ap160626.html">Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons</a><br>
2016 June 25: <a href="ap160625.html">Strawberry to Honey Moonrise</a><br>
2016 June 24: <a href="ap160624.html">Sagittarius Sunflowers</a><br>
2016 June 23: <a href="ap160623.html">Solstice Dawn and Full Moonset</a><br>
2016 June 22: <a href="ap160622.html">Cirrus over Paris</a><br>
2016 June 21: <a href="ap160621.html">NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2016 June 20: <a href="ap160620.html">Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge</a><br>
2016 June 19: <a href="ap160619.html">Galaxy and Planets Beyond Bristlecone Pines</a><br>
2016 June 18: <a href="ap160618.html">Sputnik Planum vs. Krun Macula</a><br>
2016 June 17: <a href="ap160617.html">Comet PanSTARRS in the Southern Fish</a><br>
2016 June 16: <a href="ap160616.html">Northern Lights above Lofoten</a><br>
2016 June 15: <a href="ap160615.html">GW151226: A Second Confirmed Source of Gravitational Radiation </a><br>
2016 June 14: <a href="ap160614.html">The North America and Pelican Nebulas</a><br>
2016 June 13: <a href="ap160613.html">Unexplained Dimmings in KIC 8462852</a><br>
2016 June 12: <a href="ap160612.html">A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay</a><br>
2016 June 11: <a href="ap160611.html">The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2016 June 10: <a href="ap160610.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2016 June 09: <a href="ap160609.html">Pluto at Night</a><br>
2016 June 08: <a href="ap160608.html">The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble</a><br>
2016 June 07: <a href="ap160607.html">Night on Venus in Infrared from Orbiting Akatsuki</a><br>
2016 June 06: <a href="ap160606.html">The Supernova and Cepheids of Spiral Galaxy UGC 9391</a><br>
2016 June 05: <a href="ap160605.html">Comet PanSTARRS and the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2016 June 04: <a href="ap160604.html">The Shadow of Surveyor 1</a><br>
2016 June 03: <a href="ap160603.html">NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2016 June 02: <a href="ap160602.html">Three Planets from Pic du Midi</a><br>
2016 June 01: <a href="ap160601.html">Tycho's Supernova Remnant Expands</a><br>
2016 May 31: <a href="ap160531.html">Stars and Gas of the Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2016 May 30: <a href="ap160530.html">Galaxy Evolution Tracking Animation</a><br>
2016 May 29: <a href="ap160529.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2016 May 28: <a href="ap160528.html">Cat's Eye Wide and Deep</a><br>
2016 May 27: <a href="ap160527.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2016 May 26: <a href="ap160526.html">IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2016 May 25: <a href="ap160525.html">NGC 5078 and Friends</a><br>
2016 May 24: <a href="ap160524.html">Milky Way Over the Spanish Peaks</a><br>
2016 May 23: <a href="ap160523.html">Inside a Daya Bay Antineutrino Detector</a><br>
2016 May 22: <a href="ap160522.html">LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide</a><br>
2016 May 21: <a href="ap160521.html">Milky Way and Planets Near Opposition</a><br>
2016 May 20: <a href="ap160520.html">3D Mercury Transit</a><br>
2016 May 19: <a href="ap160519.html">The Surface of Europa</a><br>
2016 May 18: <a href="ap160518.html">Halo from Atacama</a><br>
2016 May 17: <a href="ap160517.html">The Orion Nebula in Visible and Infrared</a><br>
2016 May 16: <a href="ap160516.html">Clouds of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2016 May 15: <a href="ap160515.html">Milky Way Over Quiver Tree Forest</a><br>
2016 May 14: <a href="ap160514.html">Falcon 9 and Milky Way</a><br>
2016 May 13: <a href="ap160513.html">ISS and Mercury Too</a><br>
2016 May 12: <a href="ap160512.html">A Transit of Mercury</a><br>
2016 May 11: <a href="ap160511.html">A Mercury Transit Music Video from SDO</a><br>
2016 May 10: <a href="ap160510.html">Saturn and Mars visit Milky Way Star Clouds</a><br>
2016 May 09: <a href="ap160509.html">Webb Telescope Mirror Rises after Assembly</a><br>
2016 May 08: <a href="ap160508.html">Mercurys Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun</a><br>
2016 May 07: <a href="ap160507.html">Three Worlds for TRAPPIST 1</a><br>
2016 May 06: <a href="ap160506.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2016 May 05: <a href="ap160505.html">The SONG and the Hunter</a><br>
2016 May 04: <a href="ap160504.html">A Mercury Transit Sequence</a><br>
2016 May 03: <a href="ap160503.html">Aurora over Sweden</a><br>
2016 May 02: <a href="ap160502.html">Crossing Mars</a><br>
2016 May 01: <a href="ap160501.html">Contemplating the Sun</a><br>
2016 April 30: <a href="ap160430.html">Moon over Makemake</a><br>
2016 April 29: <a href="ap160429.html">Fermi's Gamma-ray Moon</a><br>
2016 April 28: <a href="ap160428.html">A Dust Angel Nebula</a><br>
2016 April 27: <a href="ap160427.html">Omega Centauri: The Brightest Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2016 April 26: <a href="ap160426.html">NGC 6872: A Stretched Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2016 April 25: <a href="ap160425.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2016 April 24: <a href="ap160424.html">M16: Pillars of Star Creation</a><br>
2016 April 23: <a href="ap160423.html">Milky Way in Moonlight</a><br>
2016 April 22: <a href="ap160422.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2016 April 21: <a href="ap160421.html">The Comet, the Owl, and the Galaxy</a><br>
2016 April 20: <a href="ap160420.html">Galaxy Einstein Ring</a><br>
2016 April 19: <a href="ap160419.html">Andromeda on the Rocks</a><br>
2016 April 18: <a href="ap160418.html">The International Space Station over Earth</a><br>
2016 April 17: <a href="ap160417.html">Asperatus Clouds Over New Zealand</a><br>
2016 April 16: <a href="ap160416.html">Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System</a><br>
2016 April 15: <a href="ap160415.html">Mercury and Crescent Moon Set</a><br>
2016 April 14: <a href="ap160414.html">Full Venus and Crescent Moon Rise</a><br>
2016 April 13: <a href="ap160413.html">Orion in Red and Blue</a><br>
2016 April 12: <a href="ap160412.html">Combined Solar Eclipse Corona from Earth and Space</a><br>
2016 April 11: <a href="ap160411.html">The Comet and the Star Cluster</a><br>
2016 April 10: <a href="ap160410.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2016 April 09: <a href="ap160409.html">A Green Flash of Spring</a><br>
2016 April 08: <a href="ap160408.html">Lapland Northern Lights</a><br>
2016 April 07: <a href="ap160407.html">Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte</a><br>
2016 April 06: <a href="ap160406.html">Auroras and the Magnetosphere of Jupiter</a><br>
2016 April 05: <a href="ap160405.html">Cancri 55 e: Climate Patterns on a Lava World</a><br>
2016 April 04: <a href="ap160404.html">Lucid Dreaming</a><br>
2016 April 03: <a href="ap160403.html">Close up of the Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2016 April 02: <a href="ap160402.html">Pluto's Bladed Terrain in 3D</a><br>
2016 April 01: <a href="ap160401.html">Europa: Discover Life Under the Ice</a><br>
2016 March 31: <a href="ap160331.html">Big Dipper to Southern Cross</a><br>
2016 March 30: <a href="ap160330.html">NGC 6188 and NGC 6164</a><br>
2016 March 29: <a href="ap160329.html">NASA's Curiosity Rover at Namib Dune (360 View)</a><br>
2016 March 28: <a href="ap160328.html">Orion's Belt and Sword over Teide's Peak</a><br>
2016 March 27: <a href="ap160327.html">NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars</a><br>
2016 March 26: <a href="ap160326.html">Solstice to Equinox Cubed</a><br>
2016 March 25: <a href="ap160325.html">Close Comet and the Milky Way</a><br>
2016 March 24: <a href="ap160324.html">Hickson 91 in Piscis Austrinus</a><br>
2016 March 23: <a href="ap160323.html">The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
2016 March 22: <a href="ap160322.html">Rainbow Airglow over the Azores</a><br>
2016 March 21: <a href="ap160321.html">Alaskan Moondogs</a><br>
2016 March 20: <a href="ap160320.html">A Picturesque Equinox Sunset</a><br>
2016 March 19: <a href="ap160319.html">3D Ahuna Mons</a><br>
2016 March 18: <a href="ap160318.html">The W in Cassiopeia</a><br>
2016 March 17: <a href="ap160317.html">Close Comet and Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2016 March 16: <a href="ap160316.html">A Phoenix Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2016 March 15: <a href="ap160315.html">Cheering a Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2016 March 14: <a href="ap160314.html">Dark Nebulas across Taurus</a><br>
2016 March 13: <a href="ap160313.html">Neon Saturn</a><br>
2016 March 12: <a href="ap160312.html">The Flash Spectrum of the Sun</a><br>
2016 March 11: <a href="ap160311.html">Lunar Shadow Transit</a><br>
2016 March 10: <a href="ap160310.html">Dark Sun over Ternate</a><br>
2016 March 09: <a href="ap160309.html">Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866</a><br>
2016 March 08: <a href="ap160308.html">Solar Eclipse Shoes in the Classroom</a><br>
2016 March 07: <a href="ap160307.html">Mystery Feature Now Disappears in Titan Lake</a><br>
2016 March 06: <a href="ap160306.html">A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO</a><br>
2016 March 05: <a href="ap160305.html">Cities at Night</a><br>
2016 March 04: <a href="ap160304.html">Sculptor Galaxy NGC 134</a><br>
2016 March 03: <a href="ap160303.html">Moons and Jupiter</a><br>
2016 March 02: <a href="ap160302.html">Unusual Clouds over Hong Kong</a><br>
2016 March 01: <a href="ap160301.html">NGC 3310: A Starburst Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2016 February 29: <a href="ap160229.html">Julius Caesar and Leap Days</a><br>
2016 February 28: <a href="ap160228.html">IC 1848: The Soul Nebula</a><br>
2016 February 27: <a href="ap160227.html">Northern Pluto</a><br>
2016 February 26: <a href="ap160226.html">The Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2016 February 25: <a href="ap160225.html">Highest, Tallest, and Closest to the Stars</a><br>
2016 February 24: <a href="ap160224.html">USA's Northeast Megalopolis from Space</a><br>
2016 February 23: <a href="ap160223.html">A Supernova through Galaxy Dust</a><br>
2016 February 22: <a href="ap160222.html">Flying Over Pluto's Moon Charon</a><br>
2016 February 21: <a href="ap160221.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2016 February 20: <a href="ap160220.html">Where Your Shadow Has Company</a><br>
2016 February 19: <a href="ap160219.html">NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis</a><br>
2016 February 18: <a href="ap160218.html">Hitomi Launches</a><br>
2016 February 17: <a href="ap160217.html">Milky Way over the Pinnacles in Australia</a><br>
2016 February 16: <a href="ap160216.html">Star Forming Region S106</a><br>
2016 February 15: <a href="ap160215.html">White Rock Fingers on Mars</a><br>
2016 February 14: <a href="ap160214.html">A Heart Shaped Lenticular Cloud</a><br>
2016 February 13: <a href="ap160213.html">Yutu on a Little Planet</a><br>
2016 February 12: <a href="ap160212.html">Two Black Holes Merge</a><br>
2016 February 11: <a href="ap160211.html">LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves from Merging Black Holes</a><br>
2016 February 10: <a href="ap160210.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2016 February 09: <a href="ap160209.html">The Rise and Fall of Supernova 2015F</a><br>
2016 February 08: <a href="ap160208.html">Light Pillars over Alaska</a><br>
2016 February 07: <a href="ap160207.html">Advanced LIGO: Gravitational Wave Detectors Upgraded</a><br>
2016 February 06: <a href="ap160206.html">Five Planets at Castell de Burriac</a><br>
2016 February 05: <a href="ap160205.html">Massive Stars in NGC 6357</a><br>
2016 February 04: <a href="ap160204.html">Dwarf Planet Ceres</a><br>
2016 February 03: <a href="ap160203.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82</a><br>
2016 February 02: <a href="ap160202.html">Comet 67P from Spacecraft Rosetta</a><br>
2016 February 01: <a href="ap160201.html">Find the Man in the Moon</a><br>
2016 January 31: <a href="ap160131.html">MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula</a><br>
2016 January 30: <a href="ap160130.html">A Five Planet Dawn</a><br>
2016 January 29: <a href="ap160129.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342</a><br>
2016 January 28: <a href="ap160128.html">Elliptical M60, Spiral NGC 4647</a><br>
2016 January 27: <a href="ap160127.html">An Airglow Fan from Lake to Sky</a><br>
2016 January 26: <a href="ap160126.html">A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet Seen</a><br>
2016 January 25: <a href="ap160125.html">Where Your Elements Came From</a><br>
2016 January 24: <a href="ap160124.html">Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out</a><br>
2016 January 23: <a href="ap160123.html">Big Dipper, Deep Sky</a><br>
2016 January 22: <a href="ap160122.html">21st Century M101</a><br>
2016 January 21: <a href="ap160121.html">The View Toward M101</a><br>
2016 January 20: <a href="ap160120.html">Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2016 January 19: <a href="ap160119.html">A Dark Sand Dune on Mars</a><br>
2016 January 18: <a href="ap160118.html">Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star</a><br>
2016 January 17: <a href="ap160117.html">The Galactic Center in Infrared</a><br>
2016 January 16: <a href="ap160116.html">The View Toward M106</a><br>
2016 January 15: <a href="ap160115.html">Wright Mons in Color</a><br>
2016 January 14: <a href="ap160114.html">Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2016 January 13: <a href="ap160113.html">Reflections on the 1970s</a><br>
2016 January 12: <a href="ap160112.html">The California Nebula</a><br>
2016 January 11: <a href="ap160111.html">A Colorful Solar Corona over the Himalayas</a><br>
2016 January 10: <a href="ap160110.html">Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection</a><br>
2016 January 09: <a href="ap160109.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2016 January 08: <a href="ap160108.html">Prometheus and the F Ring</a><br>
2016 January 07: <a href="ap160107.html">High Energy Andromeda</a><br>
2016 January 06: <a href="ap160106.html">Comets and Bright Star</a><br>
2016 January 05: <a href="ap160105.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Hydrogen Sulfur and Oxygen</a><br>
2016 January 04: <a href="ap160104.html">Earthset from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a><br>
2016 January 03: <a href="ap160103.html">A Starry Night of Iceland</a><br>
2016 January 02: <a href="ap160102.html">Sky Lights in the New Year</a><br>
2016 January 01: <a href="ap160101.html">Comet Catalina Tails</a><br>
2015 December 31: <a href="ap151231.html">Solstice Sun at Lulworth Cove</a><br>
2015 December 30: <a href="ap151230.html">The Fox Fur Nebula</a><br>
2015 December 29: <a href="ap151229.html">Dust of the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2015 December 28: <a href="ap151228.html">Falcon 9 First Stage Landing</a><br>
2015 December 27: <a href="ap151227.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2015 December 26: <a href="ap151226.html">Southern Craters and Galaxies</a><br>
2015 December 25: <a href="ap151225.html">To Scale: The Solar System</a><br>
2015 December 24: <a href="ap151224.html">Star Colors and Pinyon Pine</a><br>
2015 December 23: <a href="ap151223.html">Geminid Meteors over Xinglong Observatory</a><br>
2015 December 22: <a href="ap151222.html">Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky</a><br>
2015 December 21: <a href="ap151221.html">SN Refsdal: The First Predicted Supernova Image</a><br>
2015 December 20: <a href="ap151220.html">A Dark Earth with a Red Sprite</a><br>
2015 December 19: <a href="ap151219.html">Star Streams and the Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2015 December 18: <a href="ap151218.html">Herbig-Haro 24</a><br>
2015 December 17: <a href="ap151217.html">Geminids of the South</a><br>
2015 December 16: <a href="ap151216.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2015 December 15: <a href="ap151215.html">Colorful Arcs over Buenos Aires</a><br>
2015 December 14: <a href="ap151214.html">Pluto: From Mountains to Plains</a><br>
2015 December 13: <a href="ap151213.html">When Gemini Sends Stars to Paranal</a><br>
2015 December 12: <a href="ap151212.html">Comet Meets Moon and Morning Star</a><br>
2015 December 11: <a href="ap151211.html">The Brightest Spot on Ceres</a><br>
2015 December 10: <a href="ap151210.html">Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star</a><br>
2015 December 09: <a href="ap151209.html">Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble</a><br>
2015 December 08: <a href="ap151208.html">Icelandic Legends and Aurora</a><br>
2015 December 07: <a href="ap151207.html">Comet Catalina Emerges</a><br>
2015 December 06: <a href="ap151206.html">A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect</a><br>
2015 December 05: <a href="ap151205.html">Kepler Orrery IV</a><br>
2015 December 04: <a href="ap151204.html">Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent</a><br>
2015 December 03: <a href="ap151203.html">Enceladus: Ringside Water World</a><br>
2015 December 02: <a href="ap151202.html">Golden Gate Sunset: Green Flash</a><br>
2015 December 01: <a href="ap151201.html">Nebulae in Auriga</a><br>
2015 November 30: <a href="ap151130.html">In the Center of Spiral Galaxy NGC 3521</a><br>
2015 November 29: <a href="ap151129.html">Dark Sand Cascades on Mars</a><br>
2015 November 28: <a href="ap151128.html">Rosetta and Comet Outbound</a><br>
2015 November 27: <a href="ap151127.html">Gravity's Grin</a><br>
2015 November 26: <a href="ap151126.html">Planets of the Morning</a><br>
2015 November 25: <a href="ap151125.html">Unusual Pits Discovered on Pluto</a><br>
2015 November 24: <a href="ap151124.html">Aurora over Clouds</a><br>
2015 November 23: <a href="ap151123.html">A 212 Hour Exposure of Orion</a><br>
2015 November 22: <a href="ap151122.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2015 November 21: <a href="ap151121.html">Recycling NGC 5291</a><br>
2015 November 20: <a href="ap151120.html">Leonids and Friends</a><br>
2015 November 19: <a href="ap151119.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2015 November 18: <a href="ap151118.html">A Sudden Jet on Comet 67P</a><br>
2015 November 17: <a href="ap151117.html">The Pelican Nebula in Gas Dust and Stars</a><br>
2015 November 16: <a href="ap151116.html">A Blazing Fireball between the Orion Nebula and Rigel</a><br>
2015 November 15: <a href="ap151115.html">Leonids Over Monument Valley</a><br>
2015 November 14: <a href="ap151114.html">Wright Mons on Pluto</a><br>
2015 November 13: <a href="ap151113.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2015 November 12: <a href="ap151112.html">Kenya Morning Moon, Planets and Taurid</a><br>
2015 November 11: <a href="ap151111.html">An Unexpected Rocket Plume over San Francisco</a><br>
2015 November 10: <a href="ap151110.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2015 November 09: <a href="ap151109.html">Assembly of The International Space Station</a><br>
2015 November 08: <a href="ap151108.html">A Quadruple Sky Over Great Salt Lake</a><br>
2015 November 07: <a href="ap151107.html">Earth and Milky Way from Space</a><br>
2015 November 06: <a href="ap151106.html">Unraveling NGC 3169</a><br>
2015 November 05: <a href="ap151105.html">NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus</a><br>
2015 November 04: <a href="ap151104.html">The Great Orion Nebula M42</a><br>
2015 November 03: <a href="ap151103.html">Seeking Venus under the Spitzkoppe Arch</a><br>
2015 November 02: <a href="ap151102.html">Comet ISON Being Destroyed by the Sun</a><br>
2015 November 01: <a href="ap151101.html">The Milky Way Over Monument Valley</a><br>
2015 October 31: <a href="ap151031.html">Ghosts and Star Trails</a><br>
2015 October 30: <a href="ap151030.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2015 October 29: <a href="ap151029.html">IC 1871: Inside the Soul Nebula</a><br>
2015 October 28: <a href="ap151028.html">Massive Black Hole Shreds Passing Star</a><br>
2015 October 27: <a href="ap151027.html">Bright from the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2015 October 26: <a href="ap151026.html">Charon and the Small Moons of Pluto</a><br>
2015 October 25: <a href="ap151025.html">Jupiter and Venus from Earth</a><br>
2015 October 24: <a href="ap151024.html">Jupiter in 2015</a><br>
2015 October 23: <a href="ap151023.html">Starburst Galaxy Messier 94</a><br>
2015 October 22: <a href="ap151022.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2015 October 21: <a href="ap151021.html">The Fractured North Pole of Saturn's Enceladus</a><br>
2015 October 20: <a href="ap151020.html">When Black Holes Collide</a><br>
2015 October 19: <a href="ap151019.html">The Southern Cross in a Southern Sky</a><br>
2015 October 18: <a href="ap151018.html">Mammatus Clouds Over Saskatchewan</a><br>
2015 October 17: <a href="ap151017.html">Bright Spiral Galaxy M81</a><br>
2015 October 16: <a href="ap151016.html">Night Hides the World</a><br>
2015 October 15: <a href="ap151015.html">M16 and the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2015 October 14: <a href="ap151014.html">A Gegenschein Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2015 October 13: <a href="ap151013.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2015 October 12: <a href="ap151012.html">Galaxy, Stars, and Dust</a><br>
2015 October 11: <a href="ap151011.html">In the Center of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2015 October 10: <a href="ap151010.html">Stardust in Perseus</a><br>
2015 October 09: <a href="ap151009.html">The Moon Entering Earth's Shadow</a><br>
2015 October 08: <a href="ap151008.html">M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy</a><br>
2015 October 07: <a href="ap151007.html">La Palma Eclipse Sequence</a><br>
2015 October 06: <a href="ap151006.html">Flying Past Pluto</a><br>
2015 October 05: <a href="ap151005.html">Orion Over and Under Tibet</a><br>
2015 October 04: <a href="ap151004.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2015 October 03: <a href="ap151003.html">A Blue Blood Moon</a><br>
2015 October 02: <a href="ap151002.html">Charon: Moon of Pluto</a><br>
2015 October 01: <a href="ap151001.html">Eclipsed in Southern Skies</a><br>
2015 September 30: <a href="ap150930.html">Seasonal Streaks Point to Recent Flowing Water on Mars</a><br>
2015 September 29: <a href="ap150929.html">Supermoon Total Lunar Eclipse and Lightning Storm</a><br>
2015 September 28: <a href="ap150928.html">Total Lunar Eclipse over Waterton Lake</a><br>
2015 September 27: <a href="ap150927.html">Tonight: A Supermoon Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2015 September 26: <a href="ap150926.html">M31 versus M33</a><br>
2015 September 25: <a href="ap150925.html">Pluto's Snakeskin Terrain</a><br>
2015 September 24: <a href="ap150924.html">LDN 988 and Friends</a><br>
2015 September 23: <a href="ap150923.html">Antarctic Analemma</a><br>
2015 September 22: <a href="ap150922.html">Milky Way over Bosque Alegre Station in Argentina</a><br>
2015 September 21: <a href="ap150921.html">Spiral Galaxy M96 from Hubble</a><br>
2015 September 20: <a href="ap150920.html">Global Ocean Suspected on Saturn's Enceladus</a><br>
2015 September 19: <a href="ap150919.html">A Prominence on the Sun</a><br>
2015 September 18: <a href="ap150918.html">A Plutonian Landscape</a><br>
2015 September 17: <a href="ap150917.html">Pickering's Triangle in the Veil</a><br>
2015 September 16: <a href="ap150916.html">Bright Spots Resolved in Occator Crater on Ceres</a><br>
2015 September 15: <a href="ap150915.html">A Spiral Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2015 September 14: <a href="ap150914.html">Pluto from above Cthulhu Regio</a><br>
2015 September 13: <a href="ap150913.html">A Partial Solar Eclipse over Texas</a><br>
2015 September 12: <a href="ap150912.html">ISS Double Transit</a><br>
2015 September 11: <a href="ap150911.html">A Giant Squid in the Flying Bat</a><br>
2015 September 10: <a href="ap150910.html">NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad</a><br>
2015 September 09: <a href="ap150909.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2015 September 08: <a href="ap150908.html">Distorted Green Flash Sunset over Italy</a><br>
2015 September 07: <a href="ap150907.html">The Shark Nebula</a><br>
2015 September 06: <a href="ap150906.html">Earthrise</a><br>
2015 September 05: <a href="ap150905.html">Atlas V Rising</a><br>
2015 September 04: <a href="ap150904.html">Milky Way with Airglow Australis</a><br>
2015 September 03: <a href="ap150903.html">Arp 159 and NGC 4725</a><br>
2015 September 02: <a href="ap150902.html">The Flare and the Galaxy</a><br>
2015 September 01: <a href="ap150901.html">Distant Neutrinos Detected Below Antarctic Ice</a><br>
2015 August 31: <a href="ap150831.html">Pluto in Enhanced Color</a><br>
2015 August 30: <a href="ap150830.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2015 August 29: <a href="ap150829.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2015 August 28: <a href="ap150828.html">Puppis A Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2015 August 27: <a href="ap150827.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2015 August 26: <a href="ap150826.html">Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger</a><br>
2015 August 25: <a href="ap150825.html">Meteors and Milky Way over Mount Rainier</a><br>
2015 August 24: <a href="ap150824.html">Dione, Rings, Shadows, Saturn</a><br>
2015 August 23: <a href="ap150823.html">Giant Cluster Bends Breaks Images</a><br>
2015 August 22: <a href="ap150822.html">Little Planet Curiosity</a><br>
2015 August 21: <a href="ap150821.html">Sprites from Space</a><br>
2015 August 20: <a href="ap150820.html">M27: Not a Comet</a><br>
2015 August 19: <a href="ap150819.html">Central Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2015 August 18: <a href="ap150818.html">Announcing Comet Catalina</a><br>
2015 August 17: <a href="ap150817.html">Andromeda Rising over the Alps</a><br>
2015 August 16: <a href="ap150816.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2015 August 15: <a href="ap150815.html">Perihelion Approaches</a><br>
2015 August 14: <a href="ap150814.html">Comet Dust over Enchanted Rock</a><br>
2015 August 13: <a href="ap150813.html">Moonless Meteors and the Milky Way</a><br>
2015 August 12: <a href="ap150812.html">Milky Way and Exploding Meteor</a><br>
2015 August 11: <a href="ap150811.html">A Blue Moon Halo over Antarctica</a><br>
2015 August 10: <a href="ap150810.html">A Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2015 August 09: <a href="ap150809.html">HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies</a><br>
2015 August 08: <a href="ap150808.html">Curiosity's View</a><br>
2015 August 07: <a href="ap150807.html">Full Earth, Full Moon</a><br>
2015 August 06: <a href="ap150806.html">Stereo Pluto</a><br>
2015 August 05: <a href="ap150805.html">X ray Echoes from Circinus X 1</a><br>
2015 August 04: <a href="ap150804.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
2015 August 03: <a href="ap150803.html">A Proton Arc Over Lake Superior</a><br>
2015 August 02: <a href="ap150802.html">Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater</a><br>
2015 August 01: <a href="ap150801.html">Stripping ESO 137-001</a><br>
2015 July 31: <a href="ap150731.html">The ISS and a Colorful Moon</a><br>
2015 July 30: <a href="ap150730.html">Milky Way over Uluru</a><br>
2015 July 29: <a href="ap150729.html">The Deep Lagoon</a><br>
2015 July 28: <a href="ap150728.html">Rainbows and Rays over Bryce Canyon</a><br>
2015 July 27: <a href="ap150727.html">Milky Way and Aurora over Antarctica</a><br>
2015 July 26: <a href="ap150726.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2015 July 25: <a href="ap150725.html">Infrared Trifid</a><br>
2015 July 24: <a href="ap150724.html">Ultraviolet Rings of M31</a><br>
2015 July 23: <a href="ap150723.html">Comet PanSTARRS, Moon, and Venus</a><br>
2015 July 22: <a href="ap150722.html">Gamma-ray Rain from 3C 279</a><br>
2015 July 21: <a href="ap150721.html">Comet Tails and Star Trails</a><br>
2015 July 20: <a href="ap150720.html">Comet PanSTARRS and a Crescent Moon</a><br>
2015 July 19: <a href="ap150719.html">The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral</a><br>
2015 July 18: <a href="ap150718.html">Fly Over Pluto</a><br>
2015 July 17: <a href="ap150717.html">Charon</a><br>
2015 July 16: <a href="ap150716.html">50 Miles on Pluto</a><br>
2015 July 15: <a href="ap150715.html">Pluto Resolved</a><br>
2015 July 14: <a href="ap150714.html">New Horizons Passes Pluto and Charon</a><br>
2015 July 13: <a href="ap150713.html">Last Look at Pluto's Charon Side</a><br>
2015 July 12: <a href="ap150712.html">New Horizons Launch to Pluto</a><br>
2015 July 11: <a href="ap150711.html">Geology on Pluto</a><br>
2015 July 10: <a href="ap150710.html">Messier 43</a><br>
2015 July 09: <a href="ap150709.html">5 Million Miles from Pluto</a><br>
2015 July 08: <a href="ap150708.html">In the Company of Dione</a><br>
2015 July 07: <a href="ap150707.html">The Milky Way from a Malibu Sea Cave</a><br>
2015 July 06: <a href="ap150706.html">Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2015 July 05: <a href="ap150705.html">Zeta Oph: Runaway Star</a><br>
2015 July 04: <a href="ap150704.html">Aurora Australis</a><br>
2015 July 03: <a href="ap150703.html">Venus and Jupiter are Far</a><br>
2015 July 02: <a href="ap150702.html">Venus and Jupiter are Close</a><br>
2015 July 01: <a href="ap150701.html">Venus, Jupiter, and Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
2015 June 30: <a href="ap150630.html">An Unusual Mountain on Asteroid Ceres</a><br>
2015 June 29: <a href="ap150629.html">Sunspot Group AR 2339 Crosses the Sun</a><br>
2015 June 28: <a href="ap150628.html">All the Colors of the Sun</a><br>
2015 June 27: <a href="ap150627.html">Stars of a Summer Triangle</a><br>
2015 June 26: <a href="ap150626.html">Planet Aurora</a><br>
2015 June 25: <a href="ap150625.html">Star Trails Above Table Mountain</a><br>
2015 June 24: <a href="ap150624.html">Triple Conjunction Over Galician National Park</a><br>
2015 June 23: <a href="ap150623.html">Sharpless 308: Star Bubble</a><br>
2015 June 22: <a href="ap150622.html">New Horizons</a><br>
2015 June 21: <a href="ap150621.html">Rings and Seasons of Saturn</a><br>
2015 June 20: <a href="ap150620.html">Hubble's Messier 5</a><br>
2015 June 19: <a href="ap150619.html">LightSail A</a><br>
2015 June 18: <a href="ap150618.html">M64: The Black Eye Galaxy</a><br>
2015 June 17: <a href="ap150617.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2015 June 16: <a href="ap150616.html">APOD is 20 Years Old Today</a><br>
2015 June 15: <a href="ap150615.html">A Colorful Lunar Corona</a><br>
2015 June 14: <a href="ap150614.html">M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br>
2015 June 13: <a href="ap150613.html">1000 Sols</a><br>
2015 June 12: <a href="ap150612.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2015 June 11: <a href="ap150611.html">The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty</a><br>
2015 June 10: <a href="ap150610.html">Fly Over Dwarf Planet Ceres</a><br>
2015 June 09: <a href="ap150609.html">Galaxy NGC 7714 After Collision</a><br>
2015 June 08: <a href="ap150608.html">The Milky Way over the Temple of Poseidon</a><br>
2015 June 07: <a href="ap150607.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2015 June 06: <a href="ap150606.html">Into the Void</a><br>
2015 June 05: <a href="ap150605.html">Green Flash at Moonrise</a><br>
2015 June 04: <a href="ap150604.html">NGC 2419: Intergalactic Wanderer</a><br>
2015 June 03: <a href="ap150603.html">Flyby Image of Saturn's Sponge Moon Hyperion</a><br>
2015 June 02: <a href="ap150602.html">Polaris and Comet Lovejoy</a><br>
2015 June 01: <a href="ap150601.html">Pulsating Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2015 May 31: <a href="ap150531.html">Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe</a><br>
2015 May 30: <a href="ap150530.html">Messier Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2015 May 29: <a href="ap150529.html">Saturn at Opposition</a><br>
2015 May 28: <a href="ap150528.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
2015 May 27: <a href="ap150527.html">Approaching Pluto</a><br>
2015 May 26: <a href="ap150526.html">Starburst Galaxy M94</a><br>
2015 May 25: <a href="ap150525.html">The Galaxy Tree</a><br>
2015 May 24: <a href="ap150524.html">Space Shuttle Rising</a><br>
2015 May 23: <a href="ap150523.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2015 May 22: <a href="ap150522.html">A Dark and Dusty Sky</a><br>
2015 May 21: <a href="ap150521.html">NGC 6240: Merging Galaxies</a><br>
2015 May 20: <a href="ap150520.html">A Cliff Looming on Comet 67P</a><br>
2015 May 19: <a href="ap150519.html">Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc</a><br>
2015 May 18: <a href="ap150518.html">Auroras and Star Trails over Iceland</a><br>
2015 May 17: <a href="ap150517.html">NGC 2440: Pearl of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2015 May 16: <a href="ap150516.html">Ares 3 Landing Site: The Martian Revisited</a><br>
2015 May 15: <a href="ap150515.html">Jupiter, Ganymede, Great Red Spot</a><br>
2015 May 14: <a href="ap150514.html">Dwarf Planet, Bright Spot</a><br>
2015 May 13: <a href="ap150513.html">The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2015 May 12: <a href="ap150512.html">Two Worlds One Sun</a><br>
2015 May 11: <a href="ap150511.html">The Sky from Mauna Kea</a><br>
2015 May 10: <a href="ap150510.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2015 May 09: <a href="ap150509.html">Trio Leo</a><br>
2015 May 08: <a href="ap150508.html">When Vega is North</a><br>
2015 May 07: <a href="ap150507.html">At the Limit of Diffraction</a><br>
2015 May 06: <a href="ap150506.html">Summer Triangles over Japan</a><br>
2015 May 05: <a href="ap150505.html">Gravitational Anomalies of Mercury</a><br>
2015 May 04: <a href="ap150504.html">An Unexpected Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2015 May 03: <a href="ap150503.html">Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow</a><br>
2015 May 02: <a href="ap150502.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2015 May 01: <a href="ap150501.html">MESSENGER's Last Day on Mercury</a><br>
2015 April 30: <a href="ap150430.html">Across the Sun</a><br>
2015 April 29: <a href="ap150429.html">Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko in Crescent</a><br>
2015 April 28: <a href="ap150428.html">Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2015 April 27: <a href="ap150427.html">Space Station over Lunar Terminator</a><br>
2015 April 26: <a href="ap150426.html">Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula</a><br>
2015 April 25: <a href="ap150425.html">Cluster and Starforming Region Westerlund 2</a><br>
2015 April 24: <a href="ap150424.html">Blue Tears and the Milky Way</a><br>
2015 April 23: <a href="ap150423.html">Meteor in the Milky Way</a><br>
2015 April 22: <a href="ap150422.html">Colorful Star Clouds in Cygnus</a><br>
2015 April 21: <a href="ap150421.html">Vesta Trek: A Digital Model of Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2015 April 20: <a href="ap150420.html">Total Solar Eclipse over Svalbard</a><br>
2015 April 19: <a href="ap150419.html">Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble</a><br>
2015 April 18: <a href="ap150418.html">The Great Crater Hokusai</a><br>
2015 April 17: <a href="ap150417.html">M46 Plus Two</a><br>
2015 April 16: <a href="ap150416.html">One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725</a><br>
2015 April 15: <a href="ap150415.html">Mystic Mountain Dust Pillars</a><br>
2015 April 14: <a href="ap150414.html">Through the Shadow of the Moon</a><br>
2015 April 13: <a href="ap150413.html">Milky Way over Erupting Volcano</a><br>
2015 April 12: <a href="ap150412.html">Sentinels of the Arctic</a><br>
2015 April 11: <a href="ap150411.html">Venus in the West</a><br>
2015 April 10: <a href="ap150410.html">NGC 2903: A Missing Jewel in Leo</a><br>
2015 April 09: <a href="ap150409.html">A Golden Gate Eclipse</a><br>
2015 April 08: <a href="ap150408.html">Full Moon in Earth's Shadow</a><br>
2015 April 07: <a href="ap150407.html">In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2015 April 06: <a href="ap150406.html">NGC 3293: A Bright Young Star Cluster</a><br>
2015 April 05: <a href="ap150405.html">Saturn, Tethys, Rings, and Shadows</a><br>
2015 April 04: <a href="ap150404.html">Voorwerpjes in Space</a><br>
2015 April 03: <a href="ap150403.html">Sun and Moon Halo</a><br>
2015 April 02: <a href="ap150402.html">The Owl and the Galaxy</a><br>
2015 April 01: <a href="ap150401.html">Suiting Up for the Moon</a><br>
2015 March 31: <a href="ap150331.html">Corona from Svalbard</a><br>
2015 March 30: <a href="ap150330.html">A Flag Shaped Aurora over Sweden</a><br>
2015 March 29: <a href="ap150329.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2015 March 28: <a href="ap150328.html">Diamond Rings and Baily's Beads</a><br>
2015 March 27: <a href="ap150327.html">NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis</a><br>
2015 March 26: <a href="ap150326.html">Orion Spring</a><br>
2015 March 25: <a href="ap150325.html">Naked Eye Nova Sagittarii 2015 No 2</a><br>
2015 March 24: <a href="ap150324.html">Powers of Ten</a><br>
2015 March 23: <a href="ap150323.html">Atlas V Launches MMS</a><br>
2015 March 22: <a href="ap150322.html">A Double Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
2015 March 21: <a href="ap150321.html">Northern Equinox Eclipse</a><br>
2015 March 20: <a href="ap150320.html">Sunshine, Earthshine</a><br>
2015 March 19: <a href="ap150319.html">Aurora in the Backyard</a><br>
2015 March 18: <a href="ap150318.html">Earth During a Total Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
2015 March 17: <a href="ap150317.html">The Big Dipper Enhanced</a><br>
2015 March 16: <a href="ap150316.html">The Clouds of Orion the Hunter</a><br>
2015 March 15: <a href="ap150315.html">A Total Eclipse at the End of the World</a><br>
2015 March 14: <a href="ap150314.html">Return at Sunrise</a><br>
2015 March 13: <a href="ap150313.html">The Great Wall by Moonlight</a><br>
2015 March 12: <a href="ap150312.html">Along the Cygnus Wall</a><br>
2015 March 11: <a href="ap150311.html">Volcano of Fire Erupts Under the Stars</a><br>
2015 March 10: <a href="ap150310.html">Aurora over Icelandic Glacier</a><br>
2015 March 09: <a href="ap150309.html">Galaxy and Cluster Create Four Images of Distant Supernova</a><br>
2015 March 08: <a href="ap150308.html">Stars at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2015 March 07: <a href="ap150307.html">NGC 602 in the Flying Lizard Nebula</a><br>
2015 March 06: <a href="ap150306.html">Cometary Globule CG4</a><br>
2015 March 05: <a href="ap150305.html">Enhanced Color Caloris</a><br>
2015 March 04: <a href="ap150304.html">Pillars and Jets in the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2015 March 03: <a href="ap150303.html">A Dust Devil on Mars</a><br>
2015 March 02: <a href="ap150302.html">Lenticular Cloud, Moon, Mars, Venus</a><br>
2015 March 01: <a href="ap150301.html">Inside the Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2015 February 28: <a href="ap150228.html">Moon-Venus-Mars Skyline</a><br>
2015 February 27: <a href="ap150227.html">Long Lovejoy and Little Dumbbell</a><br>
2015 February 26: <a href="ap150226.html">Love and War by Moonlight</a><br>
2015 February 25: <a href="ap150225.html">The Rosette Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen</a><br>
2015 February 24: <a href="ap150224.html">Unusual Plumes Above Mars</a><br>
2015 February 23: <a href="ap150223.html">The Milky Way Over the Arizona Toadstools</a><br>
2015 February 22: <a href="ap150222.html">The Dark River to Antares</a><br>
2015 February 21: <a href="ap150221.html">45 Days in the Sun</a><br>
2015 February 20: <a href="ap150220.html">An Evening Sky Conjunction</a><br>
2015 February 19: <a href="ap150219.html">Palomar 12</a><br>
2015 February 18: <a href="ap150218.html">Dark Craters and Bright Spots Revealed on Asteroid Ceres</a><br>
2015 February 17: <a href="ap150217.html">Fibrils Flower on the Sun</a><br>
2015 February 16: <a href="ap150216.html">M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Center</a><br>
2015 February 15: <a href="ap150215.html">Two Hours Before Neptune</a><br>
2015 February 14: <a href="ap150214.html">Solar System Portrait</a><br>
2015 February 13: <a href="ap150213.html">Aurora on Ice</a><br>
2015 February 12: <a href="ap150212.html">Exploring the Antennae</a><br>
2015 February 11: <a href="ap150211.html">M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2015 February 10: <a href="ap150210.html">An Extremely Long Filament on the Sun</a><br>
2015 February 09: <a href="ap150209.html">Layered Rocks near Mount Sharp on Mars</a><br>
2015 February 08: <a href="ap150208.html">Carina Nebula Dust Pillar</a><br>
2015 February 07: <a href="ap150207.html">An Aurora of Marbles</a><br>
2015 February 06: <a href="ap150206.html">Jupiter Triple-Moon Conjunction</a><br>
2015 February 05: <a href="ap150205.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
2015 February 04: <a href="ap150204.html">Stars, Sprites, Clouds, Auroras</a><br>
2015 February 03: <a href="ap150203.html">Jets from Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2015 February 02: <a href="ap150202.html">Titan Seas Reflect Sunlight</a><br>
2015 February 01: <a href="ap150201.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2015 January 31: <a href="ap150131.html">Yellow Balls in W33</a><br>
2015 January 30: <a href="ap150130.html">A Night at Poker Flat</a><br>
2015 January 29: <a href="ap150129.html">Close Encounter with M44</a><br>
2015 January 28: <a href="ap150128.html">Comet Lovejoy in a Winter Sky</a><br>
2015 January 27: <a href="ap150127.html">Our Galaxy's Magnetic Field from Planck</a><br>
2015 January 26: <a href="ap150126.html">The Milky Way over the Seven Strong Men Rock Formations</a><br>
2015 January 25: <a href="ap150125.html">A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
2015 January 24: <a href="ap150124.html">Light from Cygnus A</a><br>
2015 January 23: <a href="ap150123.html">Interior View</a><br>
2015 January 22: <a href="ap150122.html">Launch to Lovejoy</a><br>
2015 January 21: <a href="ap150121.html">The Complex Ion Tail of Comet Lovejoy</a><br>
2015 January 20: <a href="ap150120.html">Approaching Asteroid Ceres</a><br>
2015 January 19: <a href="ap150119.html">Infrared Orion from WISE</a><br>
2015 January 18: <a href="ap150118.html">The Galactic Core in Infrared</a><br>
2015 January 17: <a href="ap150117.html">Comet Lovejoy's Tail</a><br>
2015 January 16: <a href="ap150116.html">Huygens Lands on Titan</a><br>
2015 January 15: <a href="ap150115.html">Venus and Mercury at Sunset</a><br>
2015 January 14: <a href="ap150114.html">The Hunter, the Bull, and Lovejoy</a><br>
2015 January 13: <a href="ap150113.html">The Soap Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2015 January 12: <a href="ap150112.html">Super Planet Crash</a><br>
2015 January 11: <a href="ap150111.html">Cataclysmic Dawn</a><br>
2015 January 10: <a href="ap150110.html">The Windmill's Moon</a><br>
2015 January 09: <a href="ap150109.html">In the Arms of NGC 1097</a><br>
2015 January 08: <a href="ap150108.html">Stars and Dust in Corona Australis</a><br>
2015 January 07: <a href="ap150107.html">Hubble 25th Anniversary: Pillars of Creation</a><br>
2015 January 06: <a href="ap150106.html">100 Million Stars in the Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2015 January 05: <a href="ap150105.html">A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2015 January 04: <a href="ap150104.html">Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2015 January 03: <a href="ap150103.html">Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit</a><br>
2015 January 02: <a href="ap150102.html">At the Heart of Orion</a><br>
2015 January 01: <a href="ap150101.html">Vela Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2014 December 31: <a href="ap141231.html">Comet Lovejoy before a Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2014 December 30: <a href="ap141230.html">Observatory, Mountains, Universe</a><br>
2014 December 29: <a href="ap141229.html">The Sun in X rays from NuSTAR</a><br>
2014 December 28: <a href="ap141228.html">Unusual Light Pillars over Latvia</a><br>
2014 December 27: <a href="ap141227.html">The Winter Shower</a><br>
2014 December 26: <a href="ap141226.html">Cetus Duo M77 and NGC 1055</a><br>
2014 December 25: <a href="ap141225.html">This Comet Lovejoy</a><br>
2014 December 24: <a href="ap141224.html">IC 1795: The Fishhead Nebula</a><br>
2014 December 23: <a href="ap141223.html">The Cliffs of Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2014 December 22: <a href="ap141222.html">The Mysterious Methane of Mars</a><br>
2014 December 21: <a href="ap141221.html">Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky</a><br>
2014 December 20: <a href="ap141220.html">Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama</a><br>
2014 December 19: <a href="ap141219.html">Reflections on the 1970s</a><br>
2014 December 18: <a href="ap141218.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2014 December 17: <a href="ap141217.html">Geminid Fireball over Mount Balang</a><br>
2014 December 16: <a href="ap141216.html">W5: Pillars of Star Formation</a><br>
2014 December 15: <a href="ap141215.html">The Potsdam Gravity Potato</a><br>
2014 December 14: <a href="ap141214.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2014 December 13: <a href="ap141213.html">The Infrared Visible Andromeda</a><br>
2014 December 12: <a href="ap141212.html">Crystals on Mars</a><br>
2014 December 11: <a href="ap141211.html">Moondog Night</a><br>
2014 December 10: <a href="ap141210.html">The Reddening of M71</a><br>
2014 December 09: <a href="ap141209.html">The Flame Nebula in Visible and Infrared</a><br>
2014 December 08: <a href="ap141208.html">Wanderers</a><br>
2014 December 07: <a href="ap141207.html">Aurora Shimmer Meteor Flash</a><br>
2014 December 06: <a href="ap141206.html">Orion Launch</a><br>
2014 December 05: <a href="ap141205.html">Milky Way over Moon Valley</a><br>
2014 December 04: <a href="ap141204.html">Plato and the Lunar Alps</a><br>
2014 December 03: <a href="ap141203.html">Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2014 December 02: <a href="ap141202.html">Eta Carinae and the Expanding Homunculus Nebula</a><br>
2014 December 01: <a href="ap141201.html">Stars and Dust Pillars in NGC 7822 from WISE</a><br>
2014 November 30: <a href="ap141130.html">The Seahorse of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2014 November 29: <a href="ap141129.html">3D 67P</a><br>
2014 November 28: <a href="ap141128.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2014 November 27: <a href="ap141127.html">Galileo's Europa Remastered</a><br>
2014 November 26: <a href="ap141126.html">Io and Callisto Mutual Event</a><br>
2014 November 25: <a href="ap141125.html">The Creature from the Red Lagoon</a><br>
2014 November 24: <a href="ap141124.html">Soaring over Titan</a><br>
2014 November 23: <a href="ap141123.html">Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas</a><br>
2014 November 22: <a href="ap141122.html">Solar Flare from a Sharper Sun</a><br>
2014 November 21: <a href="ap141121.html">M1: The Crab Nebula</a><br>
2014 November 20: <a href="ap141120.html">LDN 988: Dark Nebula in Cygnus</a><br>
2014 November 19: <a href="ap141119.html">Bright Spiral Galaxy M81</a><br>
2014 November 18: <a href="ap141118.html">Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula</a><br>
2014 November 17: <a href="ap141117.html">The Double Dust Disks of HD 95086</a><br>
2014 November 16: <a href="ap141116.html">Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita</a><br>
2014 November 15: <a href="ap141115.html">The Tulip in the Swan</a><br>
2014 November 14: <a href="ap141114.html">Welcome to a Comet</a><br>
2014 November 13: <a href="ap141113.html">Descent to a Comet</a><br>
2014 November 12: <a href="ap141112.html">Philae Attempts Comet Nucleus Landing</a><br>
2014 November 11: <a href="ap141111.html">Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2014 November 10: <a href="ap141110.html">The Protoplanetary Disk of HL Tauri from ALMA</a><br>
2014 November 09: <a href="ap141109.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2014 November 08: <a href="ap141108.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660</a><br>
2014 November 07: <a href="ap141107.html">The Map of Dione</a><br>
2014 November 06: <a href="ap141106.html">SH2-155: The Cave Nebula</a><br>
2014 November 05: <a href="ap141105.html">NGC 4762: A Galaxy on the Edge</a><br>
2014 November 04: <a href="ap141104.html">Moon and Earth from Chang e 5 T1</a><br>
2014 November 03: <a href="ap141103.html">In Green Company: Aurora over Norway</a><br>
2014 November 02: <a href="ap141102.html">Titan Beyond the Rings</a><br>
2014 November 01: <a href="ap141101.html">The Day After Mars</a><br>
2014 October 31: <a href="ap141031.html">Milky Way over Devils Tower</a><br>
2014 October 30: <a href="ap141030.html">A Spectre in the Eastern Veil</a><br>
2014 October 29: <a href="ap141029.html">Iridescent Cloud Edge Over Colorado</a><br>
2014 October 28: <a href="ap141028.html">Retrograde Mars</a><br>
2014 October 27: <a href="ap141027.html">Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun</a><br>
2014 October 26: <a href="ap141026.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
2014 October 25: <a href="ap141025.html">Sunspots and Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2014 October 24: <a href="ap141024.html">AR 2192: Giant on the Sun</a><br>
2014 October 23: <a href="ap141023.html">Galaxies in Pegasus</a><br>
2014 October 22: <a href="ap141022.html">Sunspot Group AR 2192 Crackles</a><br>
2014 October 21: <a href="ap141021.html">Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater</a><br>
2014 October 20: <a href="ap141020.html">Comet Siding Spring Passes Mars</a><br>
2014 October 19: <a href="ap141019.html">Comet McNaught Over New Zealand</a><br>
2014 October 18: <a href="ap141018.html">Melotte 15 in the Heart</a><br>
2014 October 17: <a href="ap141017.html">Messier 6 and Comet Siding Spring</a><br>
2014 October 16: <a href="ap141016.html">Rosetta's Selfie</a><br>
2014 October 15: <a href="ap141015.html">Mysterious Changing feature on Titan</a><br>
2014 October 14: <a href="ap141014.html">Auroral Corona over Norway</a><br>
2014 October 13: <a href="ap141013.html">Sprite Lightning in Slow Motion</a><br>
2014 October 12: <a href="ap141012.html">The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble</a><br>
2014 October 11: <a href="ap141011.html">Eclipse at Moonrise</a><br>
2014 October 10: <a href="ap141010.html">Moons at Opposition</a><br>
2014 October 09: <a href="ap141009.html">Eclipse at Moonset</a><br>
2014 October 08: <a href="ap141008.html">NGC 6823: Cloud Sculpting Star Cluster</a><br>
2014 October 07: <a href="ap141007.html">From the Temple of the Sun to the Temple of the Moon</a><br>
2014 October 06: <a href="ap141006.html">Space Station Detector Finds Unexplained Positron Excess</a><br>
2014 October 05: <a href="ap141005.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan</a><br>
2014 October 04: <a href="ap141004.html">Mars, Antares, Moon, and Saturn</a><br>
2014 October 03: <a href="ap141003.html">Aurora and Milky Way in a Little Sky</a><br>
2014 October 02: <a href="ap141002.html">The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2014 October 01: <a href="ap141001.html">The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2014 September 30: <a href="ap140930.html">A Full Circle Rainbow over Australia</a><br>
2014 September 29: <a href="ap140929.html">Unusual Rocks near Pahrump Hills on Mars</a><br>
2014 September 28: <a href="ap140928.html">Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75</a><br>
2014 September 27: <a href="ap140927.html">A Launch and a Landing</a><br>
2014 September 26: <a href="ap140926.html">MAVEN at Mars</a><br>
2014 September 25: <a href="ap140925.html">NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda</a><br>
2014 September 24: <a href="ap140924.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Stars Dust and Gas</a><br>
2014 September 23: <a href="ap140923.html">Aurora and Volcanic Light Pillar</a><br>
2014 September 22: <a href="ap140922.html">Earth at Equinox</a><br>
2014 September 21: <a href="ap140921.html">Saturn at Equinox</a><br>
2014 September 20: <a href="ap140920.html">Shoreline of the Universe</a><br>
2014 September 19: <a href="ap140919.html">Potentially Habitable Moons</a><br>
2014 September 18: <a href="ap140918.html">Cocoon Nebula Wide Field</a><br>
2014 September 17: <a href="ap140917.html">Aurora over Maine</a><br>
2014 September 16: <a href="ap140916.html">Milky Way above Atacama Salt Lagoon</a><br>
2014 September 15: <a href="ap140915.html">62 Kilometers above Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2014 September 14: <a href="ap140914.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2014 September 13: <a href="ap140913.html">Median Mashup: Hubble's Top 100</a><br>
2014 September 12: <a href="ap140912.html">Supernova Remnant Puppis A</a><br>
2014 September 11: <a href="ap140911.html">Zodiacal Light before Dawn</a><br>
2014 September 10: <a href="ap140910.html">Laniakea: Our Home Supercluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2014 September 09: <a href="ap140909.html">An Aurora Cupcake with a Milky Way Topping</a><br>
2014 September 08: <a href="ap140908.html">Super Moon vs Micro Moon</a><br>
2014 September 07: <a href="ap140907.html">Full Moon Silhouettes</a><br>
2014 September 06: <a href="ap140906.html">Moonbow Beach</a><br>
2014 September 05: <a href="ap140905.html">A Sagittarius Starscape</a><br>
2014 September 04: <a href="ap140904.html">Cloud, Clusters and Comet Siding Spring</a><br>
2014 September 03: <a href="ap140903.html">M6: The Butterfly Cluster</a><br>
2014 September 02: <a href="ap140902.html">Holometer: A Microscope into Space and Time</a><br>
2014 September 01: <a href="ap140901.html">Airglow Ripples over Tibet</a><br>
2014 August 31: <a href="ap140831.html">Space Shuttle and Space Station Photographed Together</a><br>
2014 August 30: <a href="ap140830.html">The Starry Sky under Hollow Hill</a><br>
2014 August 29: <a href="ap140829.html">The Wizard Nebula</a><br>
2014 August 28: <a href="ap140828.html">Messier 20 and 21</a><br>
2014 August 27: <a href="ap140827.html">Milky Way over Yellowstone</a><br>
2014 August 26: <a href="ap140826.html">Flying Past Neptune's Moon Triton</a><br>
2014 August 25: <a href="ap140825.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail</a><br>
2014 August 24: <a href="ap140824.html">Mercury's Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun</a><br>
2014 August 23: <a href="ap140823.html">The Spectre of Veszprem</a><br>
2014 August 22: <a href="ap140822.html">Comet Jacques, Heart and Soul</a><br>
2014 August 21: <a href="ap140821.html">Venus and Jupiter at Dawn</a><br>
2014 August 20: <a href="ap140820.html">In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2014 August 19: <a href="ap140819.html">Contrasting Terrains on Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2014 August 18: <a href="ap140818.html">Star Trails Over Indonesia</a><br>
2014 August 17: <a href="ap140817.html">Jupiter and Venus from Earth</a><br>
2014 August 16: <a href="ap140816.html">No X-rays from SN 2014J</a><br>
2014 August 15: <a href="ap140815.html">Perseid in Moonlight</a><br>
2014 August 14: <a href="ap140814.html">Surreal Moon</a><br>
2014 August 13: <a href="ap140813.html">Rings Around the Ring Nebula</a><br>
2014 August 12: <a href="ap140812.html">Collapse in Hebes Chasma on Mars</a><br>
2014 August 11: <a href="ap140811.html">Rosetta Approaches Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko</a><br>
2014 August 10: <a href="ap140810.html">A Perseid Below</a><br>
2014 August 09: <a href="ap140809.html">A Luminous Night</a><br>
2014 August 08: <a href="ap140808.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744</a><br>
2014 August 07: <a href="ap140807.html">Rosetta's Rendezvous</a><br>
2014 August 06: <a href="ap140806.html">Saturn's Swirling Cloudscape</a><br>
2014 August 05: <a href="ap140805.html">Four Billion BCE: Battered Earth</a><br>
2014 August 04: <a href="ap140804.html">Shadows and Plumes Across Enceladus</a><br>
2014 August 03: <a href="ap140803.html">Dark Shuttle Approaching</a><br>
2014 August 02: <a href="ap140802.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2014 August 01: <a href="ap140801.html">Tetons and Snake River, Planet Earth</a><br>
2014 July 31: <a href="ap140731.html">Veins of Heaven</a><br>
2014 July 30: <a href="ap140730.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2014 July 29: <a href="ap140729.html">A Sky Portal in New Zealand</a><br>
2014 July 28: <a href="ap140728.html">The Horsehead Nebula from Blue to Infrared</a><br>
2014 July 27: <a href="ap140727.html">Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field</a><br>
2014 July 26: <a href="ap140726.html">NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe</a><br>
2014 July 25: <a href="ap140725.html">Cosmic Crab Nebula</a><br>
2014 July 24: <a href="ap140724.html">ALMA Milky Way</a><br>
2014 July 23: <a href="ap140723.html">IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius</a><br>
2014 July 22: <a href="ap140722.html">Cave with Aurora Skylight</a><br>
2014 July 21: <a href="ap140721.html">Spacecraft Rosetta Shows Comet has Two Components</a><br>
2014 July 20: <a href="ap140720.html">A Solar Filament Erupts</a><br>
2014 July 19: <a href="ap140719.html">Alicante Beach Moonrise</a><br>
2014 July 18: <a href="ap140718.html">Ou4: A Giant Squid Nebula</a><br>
2014 July 17: <a href="ap140717.html">3D Homunculus Nebula</a><br>
2014 July 16: <a href="ap140716.html">The Moon Eclipses Saturn</a><br>
2014 July 15: <a href="ap140715.html">A Blue Bridge of Stars between Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
2014 July 14: <a href="ap140714.html">Auroras over Northern Canada</a><br>
2014 July 13: <a href="ap140713.html">Planetary Nebula NGC 2818 from Hubble</a><br>
2014 July 12: <a href="ap140712.html">SN 1006 Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2014 July 11: <a href="ap140711.html">Spotty Sunrise over Brisbane</a><br>
2014 July 10: <a href="ap140710.html">Noctilucent Clouds over London</a><br>
2014 July 09: <a href="ap140709.html">Gliese 832c: The Closest Potentially Habitable Exoplanet</a><br>
2014 July 08: <a href="ap140708.html">Iridescent Clouds over Thamserku</a><br>
2014 July 07: <a href="ap140707.html">J1502+1115: A Triple Black Hole Galaxy</a><br>
2014 July 06: <a href="ap140706.html">Manhattanhenge: A New York City Sunset</a><br>
2014 July 05: <a href="ap140705.html">M106 Across the Spectrum</a><br>
2014 July 04: <a href="ap140704.html">OCO-2 Night Launch</a><br>
2014 July 03: <a href="ap140703.html">Along the Cygnus Wall</a><br>
2014 July 02: <a href="ap140702.html">NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy</a><br>
2014 July 01: <a href="ap140701.html">Wolf Rayet Star 124: Stellar Wind Machine</a><br>
2014 June 30: <a href="ap140630.html">Peculiar Elliptical Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2014 June 29: <a href="ap140629.html">Galaxy Cove Vista Revisited</a><br>
2014 June 28: <a href="ap140628.html">Orion Arising</a><br>
2014 June 27: <a href="ap140627.html">Martian Anniversary Selfie</a><br>
2014 June 26: <a href="ap140626.html">Conjunction by the Sea</a><br>
2014 June 25: <a href="ap140625.html">The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2014 June 24: <a href="ap140624.html">The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust</a><br>
2014 June 23: <a href="ap140623.html">Four Lasers over Mauna Kea</a><br>
2014 June 22: <a href="ap140622.html">Persistent Saturnian Auroras</a><br>
2014 June 21: <a href="ap140621.html">Lisbon Honey Moon</a><br>
2014 June 20: <a href="ap140620.html">Rio at Night</a><br>
2014 June 19: <a href="ap140619.html">Over the Top</a><br>
2014 June 18: <a href="ap140618.html">NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
2014 June 17: <a href="ap140617.html">V838 Light Echo: The Movie</a><br>
2014 June 16: <a href="ap140616.html">APOD Heatmap</a><br>
2014 June 15: <a href="ap140615.html">CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2014 June 14: <a href="ap140614.html">New York to London Milky Way</a><br>
2014 June 13: <a href="ap140613.html">A Strawberry Moon</a><br>
2014 June 12: <a href="ap140612.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2014 June 11: <a href="ap140611.html">Three Galaxies over New Zealand</a><br>
2014 June 10: <a href="ap140610.html">M51: X Rays from the Whirlpool</a><br>
2014 June 09: <a href="ap140609.html">How to Identify that Light in the Sky</a><br>
2014 June 08: <a href="ap140608.html">Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box</a><br>
2014 June 07: <a href="ap140607.html">M16 and the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2014 June 06: <a href="ap140606.html">Comet PanSTARRS with Galaxy</a><br>
2014 June 05: <a href="ap140605.html">Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014</a><br>
2014 June 04: <a href="ap140604.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
2014 June 03: <a href="ap140603.html">WR 104: A Pinwheel Star System</a><br>
2014 June 02: <a href="ap140602.html">The Space Station Captures a Dragon Capsule</a><br>
2014 June 01: <a href="ap140601.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2014 May 31: <a href="ap140531.html">Satellite Station and Southern Skies</a><br>
2014 May 30: <a href="ap140530.html">Planetary Nebula Abell 36</a><br>
2014 May 29: <a href="ap140529.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2014 May 28: <a href="ap140528.html">The Cone Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2014 May 27: <a href="ap140527.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2014 May 26: <a href="ap140526.html">An ALMA Telescope Array Time Lapse</a><br>
2014 May 25: <a href="ap140525.html">Camelopardalids and ISS</a><br>
2014 May 24: <a href="ap140524.html">A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio</a><br>
2014 May 23: <a href="ap140523.html">Rosetta's Target Comet</a><br>
2014 May 22: <a href="ap140522.html">A Halo for NGC 6164</a><br>
2014 May 21: <a href="ap140521.html">A Supercell Storm Cloud Forming over Wyoming</a><br>
2014 May 20: <a href="ap140520.html">In the Center of Spiral Galaxy M61</a><br>
2014 May 19: <a href="ap140519.html">Meteors, Planes, and a Galaxy over Bryce Canyon</a><br>
2014 May 18: <a href="ap140518.html">Jupiter's Great Red Spot from Voyager 1</a><br>
2014 May 17: <a href="ap140517.html">Hubble's Jupiter and Shrinking Great Red Spot</a><br>
2014 May 16: <a href="ap140516.html">Opportunity's Mars Analemma</a><br>
2014 May 15: <a href="ap140515.html">Voyager's Neptune</a><br>
2014 May 14: <a href="ap140514.html">A Live View from the International Space Station</a><br>
2014 May 13: <a href="ap140513.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2014 May 12: <a href="ap140512.html">Illustris Simulation of the Universe</a><br>
2014 May 11: <a href="ap140511.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2014 May 10: <a href="ap140510.html">Inside the Flame Nebula</a><br>
2014 May 09: <a href="ap140509.html">Halley Dust and Milky Way</a><br>
2014 May 08: <a href="ap140508.html">The Tail of the Hamburger Galaxy</a><br>
2014 May 07: <a href="ap140507.html">Curiosity Inspects Mt Remarkable on Mars</a><br>
2014 May 06: <a href="ap140506.html">Orange Sun Sparking</a><br>
2014 May 05: <a href="ap140505.html">Galaxy Cluster Magnifies Distant Supernova</a><br>
2014 May 04: <a href="ap140504.html">A Scorpius Sky Spectacular</a><br>
2014 May 03: <a href="ap140503.html">T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula</a><br>
2014 May 02: <a href="ap140502.html">That Night over Half Dome</a><br>
2014 May 01: <a href="ap140501.html">Brisbane Sunset Moonset</a><br>
2014 April 30: <a href="ap140430.html">A Partially Eclipsed Setting Sun</a><br>
2014 April 29: <a href="ap140429.html">Aurora Dog over Alaska</a><br>
2014 April 28: <a href="ap140428.html">Time Lapse of a Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2014 April 27: <a href="ap140427.html">SuitSat1: A Spacesuit Floats Free</a><br>
2014 April 26: <a href="ap140426.html">Southern Annular Eclipse</a><br>
2014 April 25: <a href="ap140425.html">Hubble's Messier 5</a><br>
2014 April 24: <a href="ap140424.html">Lyrids in Southern Skies</a><br>
2014 April 23: <a href="ap140423.html">Arp 81: 100 Million Years Later</a><br>
2014 April 22: <a href="ap140422.html">The El Gordo Massive Galaxy Cluster</a><br>
2014 April 21: <a href="ap140421.html">Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2014 April 20: <a href="ap140420.html">Ash and Lightning above an Icelandic Volcano</a><br>
2014 April 19: <a href="ap140419.html">Earth-size Kepler-186f</a><br>
2014 April 18: <a href="ap140418.html">Red Moon, Green Beam</a><br>
2014 April 17: <a href="ap140417.html">Waterton Lake Eclipse</a><br>
2014 April 16: <a href="ap140416.html">Spica, Mars, and Eclipsed Moon</a><br>
2014 April 15: <a href="ap140415.html">Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska</a><br>
2014 April 14: <a href="ap140414.html">An Unusual Globule in IC 1396</a><br>
2014 April 13: <a href="ap140413.html">Saturn in Blue and Gold</a><br>
2014 April 12: <a href="ap140412.html">Clouds and Crosses over Haleakala</a><br>
2014 April 11: <a href="ap140411.html">Mars near Opposition</a><br>
2014 April 10: <a href="ap140410.html">Mars, Ceres, Vesta</a><br>
2014 April 09: <a href="ap140409.html">Two Rings for Asteroid Chariklo</a><br>
2014 April 08: <a href="ap140408.html">M42: Inside the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2014 April 07: <a href="ap140407.html">A Solar Eclipse from the Moon</a><br>
2014 April 06: <a href="ap140406.html">Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturns Enceladus</a><br>
2014 April 05: <a href="ap140405.html">Lunar Farside</a><br>
2014 April 04: <a href="ap140404.html">Along the Western Veil</a><br>
2014 April 03: <a href="ap140403.html">At the Edge of NGC 2174</a><br>
2014 April 02: <a href="ap140402.html">Mars Red and Spica Blue</a><br>
2014 April 01: <a href="ap140401.html">Space Station Robot Forgets Key Again</a><br>
2014 March 31: <a href="ap140331.html">2012 VP113: A New Furthest Known Object in Solar System</a><br>
2014 March 30: <a href="ap140330.html">Io in True Color</a><br>
2014 March 29: <a href="ap140329.html">A Milky Way Dawn</a><br>
2014 March 28: <a href="ap140328.html">Stripping ESO 137-001</a><br>
2014 March 27: <a href="ap140327.html">Stephan's Quintet Plus One</a><br>
2014 March 26: <a href="ap140326.html">M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds</a><br>
2014 March 25: <a href="ap140325.html">Orion Nebula in Surrounding Dust</a><br>
2014 March 24: <a href="ap140324.html">Orion and Aurora over Iceland</a><br>
2014 March 23: <a href="ap140323.html">The View Near a Black Hole</a><br>
2014 March 22: <a href="ap140322.html">Martian Chiaroscuro</a><br>
2014 March 21: <a href="ap140321.html">Star Trails over El Capitan</a><br>
2014 March 20: <a href="ap140320.html">Solargraphy Analemmas</a><br>
2014 March 19: <a href="ap140319.html">Equinox on a Spinning Earth</a><br>
2014 March 18: <a href="ap140318.html">Cosmic Microwave Map Swirls Indicate Inflation</a><br>
2014 March 17: <a href="ap140317.html">Warped Sky: Star Trails over Arches National Park</a><br>
2014 March 16: <a href="ap140316.html">The Antennae Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2014 March 15: <a href="ap140315.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2014 March 14: <a href="ap140314.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685</a><br>
2014 March 13: <a href="ap140313.html">Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2014 March 12: <a href="ap140312.html">The Sun Rotating</a><br>
2014 March 11: <a href="ap140311.html">In the Heart of the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2014 March 10: <a href="ap140310.html">Gamma Rays from Galactic Center Dark Matter</a><br>
2014 March 09: <a href="ap140309.html">A Hole in Mars</a><br>
2014 March 08: <a href="ap140308.html">Mount Sharp on the Horizon</a><br>
2014 March 07: <a href="ap140307.html">A View from the Zone</a><br>
2014 March 06: <a href="ap140306.html">NGC 1333 Stardust</a><br>
2014 March 05: <a href="ap140305.html">Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2014 March 04: <a href="ap140304.html">Sun and Prominence</a><br>
2014 March 03: <a href="ap140303.html">Habitable Worlds</a><br>
2014 March 02: <a href="ap140302.html">Martian Sunset</a><br>
2014 March 01: <a href="ap140301.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2014 February 28: <a href="ap140228.html">Mobius Arch Moonrise</a><br>
2014 February 27: <a href="ap140227.html">Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star</a><br>
2014 February 26: <a href="ap140226.html">Aurora over New Zealand</a><br>
2014 February 25: <a href="ap140225.html">The Pleiades Deep and Dusty</a><br>
2014 February 24: <a href="ap140224.html">The Cloudy Cores of Active Galaxies</a><br>
2014 February 23: <a href="ap140223.html">Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane</a><br>
2014 February 22: <a href="ap140222.html">M44: The Beehive Cluster</a><br>
2014 February 21: <a href="ap140221.html">The Long Jet of the Lighthouse Nebula</a><br>
2014 February 20: <a href="ap140220.html">Comet Lovejoy over The Great Wall</a><br>
2014 February 19: <a href="ap140219.html">A Rainbow Pileus Cloud over Zimbabwe</a><br>
2014 February 18: <a href="ap140218.html">Crossing Dingo Gap on Mars</a><br>
2014 February 17: <a href="ap140217.html">The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2014 February 16: <a href="ap140216.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2014 February 15: <a href="ap140215.html">NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2014 February 14: <a href="ap140214.html">IC 1805: Light from the Heart</a><br>
2014 February 13: <a href="ap140213.html">Downtown Auriga</a><br>
2014 February 12: <a href="ap140212.html">Rocket, Meteor, and Milky Way over Thailand</a><br>
2014 February 11: <a href="ap140211.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2014 February 10: <a href="ap140210.html">Falling to Earth</a><br>
2014 February 09: <a href="ap140209.html">The Missing Craters of Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2014 February 08: <a href="ap140208.html">NGC 5101 and Friends</a><br>
2014 February 07: <a href="ap140207.html">Night Hides the World</a><br>
2014 February 06: <a href="ap140206.html">The Terraced Night</a><br>
2014 February 05: <a href="ap140205.html">NGC 2683: Edge On Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2014 February 04: <a href="ap140204.html">A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24</a><br>
2014 February 03: <a href="ap140203.html">Lunar Time Lapse Panorama including Yutu Rover</a><br>
2014 February 02: <a href="ap140202.html">Mars and Orion over Monument Valley</a><br>
2014 February 01: <a href="ap140201.html">NGC 6188 and NGC 6164</a><br>
2014 January 31: <a href="ap140131.html">Light Pillars from a Little Planet</a><br>
2014 January 30: <a href="ap140130.html">Rocket Streak and Star Trails</a><br>
2014 January 29: <a href="ap140129.html">Jelly Donut Shaped Rock Appears on Mars</a><br>
2014 January 28: <a href="ap140128.html">Spiral Galaxy M83: The Southern Pinwheel</a><br>
2014 January 27: <a href="ap140127.html">From the Northern to the Southern Cross</a><br>
2014 January 26: <a href="ap140126.html">Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2014 January 25: <a href="ap140125.html">Opportunity's Decade on Mars</a><br>
2014 January 24: <a href="ap140124.html">Bright Supernova in M82</a><br>
2014 January 23: <a href="ap140123.html">Double Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2014 January 22: <a href="ap140122.html">The Upper Michigan Blizzard of 1938</a><br>
2014 January 21: <a href="ap140121.html">Micro Moon over Super Moon</a><br>
2014 January 20: <a href="ap140120.html">Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from SDSS III</a><br>
2014 January 19: <a href="ap140119.html">Spiral Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2014 January 18: <a href="ap140118.html">Apogee's Full Moon</a><br>
2014 January 17: <a href="ap140117.html">M83 Star Streams</a><br>
2014 January 16: <a href="ap140116.html">Despina, Moon of Neptune</a><br>
2014 January 15: <a href="ap140115.html">Spitzer's Orion</a><br>
2014 January 14: <a href="ap140114.html">The Gegenschein Over Chile</a><br>
2014 January 13: <a href="ap140113.html">A Trip to the Moon</a><br>
2014 January 12: <a href="ap140112.html">The Scale of the Universe: Interactive</a><br>
2014 January 11: <a href="ap140111.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2014 January 10: <a href="ap140110.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2014 January 09: <a href="ap140109.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2014 January 08: <a href="ap140108.html">Sunspot at Sunset</a><br>
2014 January 07: <a href="ap140107.html">M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2014 January 06: <a href="ap140106.html">Three CubeSats Released</a><br>
2014 January 05: <a href="ap140105.html">Galaxy NGC 474: Shells and Star Streams</a><br>
2014 January 04: <a href="ap140104.html">Clouds and Crescents</a><br>
2014 January 03: <a href="ap140103.html">Lovejoy in the New Year</a><br>
2014 January 02: <a href="ap140102.html">Reflections on Planet Earth</a><br>
2014 January 01: <a href="ap140101.html">A New Year's Crescent</a><br>
2013 December 31: <a href="ap131231.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2013 December 30: <a href="ap131230.html">Quantum Steampunk Fantasy Fractal Landscape</a><br>
2013 December 29: <a href="ap131229.html">Time Lapse Auroras Over Norway</a><br>
2013 December 28: <a href="ap131228.html">Alaska Aurora Sequence</a><br>
2013 December 27: <a href="ap131227.html">Melotte 15 in the Heart</a><br>
2013 December 26: <a href="ap131226.html">The Hydrogen Clouds of M33</a><br>
2013 December 25: <a href="ap131225.html">Phobos 360</a><br>
2013 December 24: <a href="ap131224.html">Sharpless 308: Star Bubble</a><br>
2013 December 23: <a href="ap131223.html">Geminid Meteors over Chile</a><br>
2013 December 22: <a href="ap131222.html">Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma</a><br>
2013 December 21: <a href="ap131221.html">SDO's Multiwavelength Sun</a><br>
2013 December 20: <a href="ap131220.html">Titan's Land of Lakes</a><br>
2013 December 19: <a href="ap131219.html">A Colorful Moon</a><br>
2013 December 18: <a href="ap131218.html">Light Pillars over Finland</a><br>
2013 December 17: <a href="ap131217.html">Geminid Meteors over Teide Volcano</a><br>
2013 December 16: <a href="ap131216.html">Yutu Rover Rolls onto the Moon</a><br>
2013 December 15: <a href="ap131215.html">Gibbous Europa</a><br>
2013 December 14: <a href="ap131214.html">The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2013 December 13: <a href="ap131213.html">Geminid Meteor Shower over Dashanbao Wetlands</a><br>
2013 December 12: <a href="ap131212.html">Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka</a><br>
2013 December 11: <a href="ap131211.html">The Coldest Place on Earth</a><br>
2013 December 10: <a href="ap131210.html">Seyferts Sextet</a><br>
2013 December 09: <a href="ap131209.html">Comet Lovejoy over a Windmill</a><br>
2013 December 08: <a href="ap131208.html">Everest Panorama from Mars</a><br>
2013 December 07: <a href="ap131207.html">Naked Eye Nova Centauri 2013</a><br>
2013 December 06: <a href="ap131206.html">Gamma Ray Earth and Sky</a><br>
2013 December 05: <a href="ap131205.html">Planetary Nebula Abell 7</a><br>
2013 December 04: <a href="ap131204.html">Comet Lovejoy through Morby Castle Ruins</a><br>
2013 December 03: <a href="ap131203.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2013 December 02: <a href="ap131202.html">Comet Lovejoy Before Galaxy M63</a><br>
2013 December 01: <a href="ap131201.html">A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2013 November 30: <a href="ap131130.html">Surprising Comet ISON</a><br>
2013 November 29: <a href="ap131129.html">Comet ISON Before and After</a><br>
2013 November 28: <a href="ap131128.html">NGC 1999: South of Orion</a><br>
2013 November 27: <a href="ap131127.html">Comet ISON Rising</a><br>
2013 November 26: <a href="ap131126.html">Cap Cloud over the Sierra Nevadas</a><br>
2013 November 25: <a href="ap131125.html">Anemic Spiral NGC 4921 from Hubble</a><br>
2013 November 24: <a href="ap131124.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Indian Cove</a><br>
2013 November 23: <a href="ap131123.html">Comet ISON from STEREO</a><br>
2013 November 22: <a href="ap131122.html">From California to the Pleiades</a><br>
2013 November 21: <a href="ap131121.html">The Trail of a Minotaur</a><br>
2013 November 20: <a href="ap131120.html">Heavy Black Hole Jets in 4U1630-47</a><br>
2013 November 19: <a href="ap131119.html">Globular Cluster M15 from Hubble</a><br>
2013 November 18: <a href="ap131118.html">Aurora and Unusual Clouds Over Iceland</a><br>
2013 November 17: <a href="ap131117.html">The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught</a><br>
2013 November 16: <a href="ap131116.html">Active Comet ISON</a><br>
2013 November 15: <a href="ap131115.html">The Flash Spectrum of the Sun</a><br>
2013 November 14: <a href="ap131114.html">The Jets of NGC 1097</a><br>
2013 November 13: <a href="ap131113.html">In the Shadow of Saturn</a><br>
2013 November 12: <a href="ap131112.html">The Unexpected Tails of Asteroid P5</a><br>
2013 November 11: <a href="ap131111.html">An Active Sun During a Total Eclipse</a><br>
2013 November 10: <a href="ap131110.html">Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning</a><br>
2013 November 09: <a href="ap131109.html">Comet Lovejoy with M44</a><br>
2013 November 08: <a href="ap131108.html">Solar Eclipse from Uganda</a><br>
2013 November 07: <a href="ap131107.html">Eclipse at 44,000 Feet</a><br>
2013 November 06: <a href="ap131106.html">Creature Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2013 November 05: <a href="ap131105.html">Kepler 78b: Earth-Sized Planet Discovered</a><br>
2013 November 04: <a href="ap131104.html">Eclipse Over New York</a><br>
2013 November 03: <a href="ap131103.html">A Rare Hybrid Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2013 November 02: <a href="ap131102.html">Jupiter's Triple Shadow Transit</a><br>
2013 November 01: <a href="ap131101.html">NGC 7841: The Smoke Nebula in Frustriaus</a><br>
2013 October 31: <a href="ap131031.html">Night on a Spooky Planet</a><br>
2013 October 30: <a href="ap131030.html">A Spectre in the Eastern Veil</a><br>
2013 October 29: <a href="ap131029.html">Horsehead and Orion Nebulas</a><br>
2013 October 28: <a href="ap131028.html">The Great Comet of 1680 Over Rotterdam</a><br>
2013 October 27: <a href="ap131027.html">Sungrazer</a><br>
2013 October 26: <a href="ap131026.html">NGC 7789: Caroline's Rose</a><br>
2013 October 25: <a href="ap131025.html">NGC 7814: The Little Sombrero in Pegasus</a><br>
2013 October 24: <a href="ap131024.html">Little Planet Shadowrise</a><br>
2013 October 23: <a href="ap131023.html">North Celestial Tree</a><br>
2013 October 22: <a href="ap131022.html">A Massive Star in NGC 6357</a><br>
2013 October 21: <a href="ap131021.html">Saturn from Above</a><br>
2013 October 20: <a href="ap131020.html">Three Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2013 October 19: <a href="ap131019.html">Sh2-155: The Cave Nebula</a><br>
2013 October 18: <a href="ap131018.html">Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center</a><br>
2013 October 17: <a href="ap131017.html">ISON, Mars, Regulus</a><br>
2013 October 16: <a href="ap131016.html">Three Galaxies in Draco</a><br>
2013 October 15: <a href="ap131015.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2013 October 14: <a href="ap131014.html">High Noon Analemma Over Azerbaijan</a><br>
2013 October 13: <a href="ap131013.html">Hale Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997</a><br>
2013 October 12: <a href="ap131012.html">Cometary Globules</a><br>
2013 October 11: <a href="ap131011.html">NGC 891 Edge On</a><br>
2013 October 10: <a href="ap131010.html">M78: Stardust and Starlight</a><br>
2013 October 09: <a href="ap131009.html">Arp 94</a><br>
2013 October 08: <a href="ap131008.html">The Bubble and M52</a><br>
2013 October 07: <a href="ap131007.html">Comet ISON Approaches</a><br>
2013 October 06: <a href="ap131006.html">Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2013 October 05: <a href="ap131005.html">October Aurora in Prairie Skies</a><br>
2013 October 04: <a href="ap131004.html">The Densest Galaxy</a><br>
2013 October 03: <a href="ap131003.html">M106 Close Up</a><br>
2013 October 02: <a href="ap131002.html">All the Colors of the Sun</a><br>
2013 October 01: <a href="ap131001.html">Filaments of the Vela Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2013 September 30: <a href="ap130930.html">Mysterious Green Patches on the Sky</a><br>
2013 September 29: <a href="ap130929.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2013 September 28: <a href="ap130928.html">Equinox Earth</a><br>
2013 September 27: <a href="ap130927.html">Andromeda on the Rocks</a><br>
2013 September 26: <a href="ap130926.html">M31 versus M33</a><br>
2013 September 25: <a href="ap130925.html">M81 versus M82</a><br>
2013 September 24: <a href="ap130924.html">The Local Fluff</a><br>
2013 September 23: <a href="ap130923.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2013 September 22: <a href="ap130922.html">Apollo's Analemma</a><br>
2013 September 21: <a href="ap130921.html">Antares Rocket Launch</a><br>
2013 September 20: <a href="ap130920.html">Night at the Drive-in</a><br>
2013 September 19: <a href="ap130919.html">Moon, Venus, and Planet Earth</a><br>
2013 September 18: <a href="ap130918.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2013 September 17: <a href="ap130917.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Deflects Light</a><br>
2013 September 16: <a href="ap130916.html">Rotating Moon from LRO</a><br>
2013 September 15: <a href="ap130915.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2013 September 14: <a href="ap130914.html">A Landing on Planet Earth</a><br>
2013 September 13: <a href="ap130913.html">Crescent Moon Meets Evening Star</a><br>
2013 September 12: <a href="ap130912.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2013 September 11: <a href="ap130911.html">LADEE Launch Streak</a><br>
2013 September 10: <a href="ap130910.html">Extrasolar Super Earth Gliese 1214b Might Hold Water</a><br>
2013 September 09: <a href="ap130909.html">Nearby Cepheid Variable RS Pup</a><br>
2013 September 08: <a href="ap130908.html">Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin</a><br>
2013 September 07: <a href="ap130907.html">Night in the Andes Ice Forest</a><br>
2013 September 06: <a href="ap130906.html">The Quiet Sagittarius A*</a><br>
2013 September 05: <a href="ap130905.html">M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab</a><br>
2013 September 04: <a href="ap130904.html">IRAS 20324: Evaporating Protostar</a><br>
2013 September 03: <a href="ap130903.html">North America and the Pelican</a><br>
2013 September 02: <a href="ap130902.html">Milky Way Over Spain's Bardenas Reales</a><br>
2013 September 01: <a href="ap130901.html">Fire on Earth</a><br>
2013 August 31: <a href="ap130831.html">NGC 5195: The Dot under the Question Mark</a><br>
2013 August 30: <a href="ap130830.html">A Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2013 August 29: <a href="ap130829.html">Strawberry Sun</a><br>
2013 August 28: <a href="ap130828.html">A Retreating Thunderstorm at Sunset</a><br>
2013 August 27: <a href="ap130827.html">A Flight through the Hubble Ultra Deep Field</a><br>
2013 August 26: <a href="ap130826.html">Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble</a><br>
2013 August 25: <a href="ap130825.html">The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 271</a><br>
2013 August 24: <a href="ap130824.html">Earth Waves at Saturn</a><br>
2013 August 23: <a href="ap130823.html">A Spectrum of Nova Delphini</a><br>
2013 August 22: <a href="ap130822.html">IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2013 August 21: <a href="ap130821.html">Perseid Meteors Over China</a><br>
2013 August 20: <a href="ap130820.html">Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun</a><br>
2013 August 19: <a href="ap130819.html">Noctilucent Clouds and Aurora Over Scotland</a><br>
2013 August 18: <a href="ap130818.html">Skylab Over Earth</a><br>
2013 August 17: <a href="ap130817.html">M8: The Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2013 August 16: <a href="ap130816.html">Nova Delphini 2013</a><br>
2013 August 15: <a href="ap130815.html">The Magellanic Stream</a><br>
2013 August 14: <a href="ap130814.html">Moonset from Taiwan</a><br>
2013 August 13: <a href="ap130813.html">Perseid Meteors Over Ontario</a><br>
2013 August 12: <a href="ap130812.html">Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids</a><br>
2013 August 11: <a href="ap130811.html">M74: The Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2013 August 10: <a href="ap130810.html">Perseids over Meteora</a><br>
2013 August 09: <a href="ap130809.html">Perseid over Albrechtsberg Castle</a><br>
2013 August 08: <a href="ap130808.html">NGC 3370: A Sharper View</a><br>
2013 August 07: <a href="ap130807.html">Meteors and Aurorae over Iceland</a><br>
2013 August 06: <a href="ap130806.html">In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2013 August 05: <a href="ap130805.html">Leaving Earth</a><br>
2013 August 04: <a href="ap130804.html">Io's Surface: Under Construction</a><br>
2013 August 03: <a href="ap130803.html">Twisting with NGC 3718</a><br>
2013 August 02: <a href="ap130802.html">Tropic of Cancer</a><br>
2013 August 01: <a href="ap130801.html">Moon Over Andromeda</a><br>
2013 July 31: <a href="ap130731.html">130 Years of Earth Surface Temperatures</a><br>
2013 July 30: <a href="ap130730.html">The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble and Chandra</a><br>
2013 July 29: <a href="ap130729.html">Saturn, Titan, Rings, and Haze</a><br>
2013 July 28: <a href="ap130728.html">Hoag's Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2013 July 27: <a href="ap130727.html">Atacama's Cloudy Night</a><br>
2013 July 26: <a href="ap130726.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2013 July 25: <a href="ap130725.html">The Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2013 July 24: <a href="ap130724.html">A Year of Sky on Earth</a><br>
2013 July 23: <a href="ap130723.html">Two Views of Earth</a><br>
2013 July 22: <a href="ap130722.html">Earth and Moon from Saturn</a><br>
2013 July 21: <a href="ap130721.html">The Seasons of Saturn</a><br>
2013 July 20: <a href="ap130720.html">Comet Lemmon and the Deep Sky</a><br>
2013 July 19: <a href="ap130719.html">Take a Picture of Saturn</a><br>
2013 July 18: <a href="ap130718.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342</a><br>
2013 July 17: <a href="ap130717.html">A Waterspout in Florida</a><br>
2013 July 16: <a href="ap130716.html">The Moon from Zond 8</a><br>
2013 July 15: <a href="ap130715.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from Hale</a><br>
2013 July 14: <a href="ap130714.html">The Pillars of Eagle Castle</a><br>
2013 July 13: <a href="ap130713.html">Sunspot at Sunset</a><br>
2013 July 12: <a href="ap130712.html">Messier's Eleven</a><br>
2013 July 11: <a href="ap130711.html">Dusty Nebulae in Taurus</a><br>
2013 July 10: <a href="ap130710.html">Large Sunspots Now Crossing the Sun</a><br>
2013 July 09: <a href="ap130709.html">Supergiant Star Gamma Cygni</a><br>
2013 July 08: <a href="ap130708.html">Pluto's Newly Discovered Moons Receive Names</a><br>
2013 July 07: <a href="ap130707.html">NGC 2170: Still Life with Reflecting Dust</a><br>
2013 July 06: <a href="ap130706.html">NGC 6384: Spiral Beyond the Stars</a><br>
2013 July 05: <a href="ap130705.html">Globular Star Cluster NGC 6752</a><br>
2013 July 04: <a href="ap130704.html">M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind</a><br>
2013 July 03: <a href="ap130703.html">Stars and Lightning Over Greece</a><br>
2013 July 02: <a href="ap130702.html">Circling a Black Hole at its Photon Sphere</a><br>
2013 July 01: <a href="ap130701.html">Orbiting a Black Hole</a><br>
2013 June 30: <a href="ap130630.html">Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2013 June 29: <a href="ap130629.html">PanSTARRS: The Anti Tail Comet</a><br>
2013 June 28: <a href="ap130628.html">A Super Moon's Halo</a><br>
2013 June 27: <a href="ap130627.html">Noctilucent Clouds over Moscow</a><br>
2013 June 26: <a href="ap130626.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2013 June 25: <a href="ap130625.html">Rock Nest Panorama from Curiosity on Mars</a><br>
2013 June 24: <a href="ap130624.html">The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2013 June 23: <a href="ap130623.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2013 June 22: <a href="ap130622.html">Perigee's Full Moon</a><br>
2013 June 21: <a href="ap130621.html">A Solstice Sunset Self Portrait</a><br>
2013 June 20: <a href="ap130620.html">Edge-on NGC 3628</a><br>
2013 June 19: <a href="ap130619.html">Milky Way Over Crater Lake with Airglow</a><br>
2013 June 18: <a href="ap130618.html">A Supercell Thunderstorm Over Texas</a><br>
2013 June 17: <a href="ap130617.html">Dry Ice Sled Streaks on Mars</a><br>
2013 June 16: <a href="ap130616.html">APOD Turns Eighteen</a><br>
2013 June 15: <a href="ap130615.html">Delphinid Meteor Mystery</a><br>
2013 June 14: <a href="ap130614.html">Sharpless 115</a><br>
2013 June 13: <a href="ap130613.html">Four Planet Sunset</a><br>
2013 June 12: <a href="ap130612.html">All of Mercury</a><br>
2013 June 11: <a href="ap130611.html">Star Forming Region NGC 3582</a><br>
2013 June 10: <a href="ap130610.html">The Large Magellanic Cloud in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2013 June 09: <a href="ap130609.html">Flowing Auroras Over Norway</a><br>
2013 June 08: <a href="ap130608.html">Messier Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2013 June 07: <a href="ap130607.html">NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2013 June 06: <a href="ap130606.html">Star Size Comparisons</a><br>
2013 June 05: <a href="ap130605.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2013 June 04: <a href="ap130604.html">Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2013 June 03: <a href="ap130603.html">Curiosity: Wheels on Mars</a><br>
2013 June 02: <a href="ap130602.html">A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay</a><br>
2013 June 01: <a href="ap130601.html">The Milky Trail</a><br>
2013 May 31: <a href="ap130531.html">The Eagle and The Swan</a><br>
2013 May 30: <a href="ap130530.html">One Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725</a><br>
2013 May 29: <a href="ap130529.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2013 May 28: <a href="ap130528.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2013 May 27: <a href="ap130527.html">Bird Sun Dog</a><br>
2013 May 26: <a href="ap130526.html">PanSTARRS Anti Tail Grows</a><br>
2013 May 25: <a href="ap130525.html">Lunar Corona over Cochem Castle</a><br>
2013 May 24: <a href="ap130524.html">Caterpillar Moon</a><br>
2013 May 23: <a href="ap130523.html">Messier 109</a><br>
2013 May 22: <a href="ap130522.html">Red Sprite Lightning with Aurora</a><br>
2013 May 21: <a href="ap130521.html">The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2013 May 20: <a href="ap130520.html">Blue Sun Bursting</a><br>
2013 May 19: <a href="ap130519.html">Earths Richat Structure</a><br>
2013 May 18: <a href="ap130518.html">Comet PanSTARRS with Anti Tail</a><br>
2013 May 17: <a href="ap130517.html">The Waterfall and the World at Night</a><br>
2013 May 16: <a href="ap130516.html">Four X-class Flares</a><br>
2013 May 15: <a href="ap130515.html">Kepler's Supernova Remnant in X-Rays</a><br>
2013 May 14: <a href="ap130514.html">Galaxy Collisions: Simulation vs Observations</a><br>
2013 May 13: <a href="ap130513.html">Partial Solar Eclipse with Airplane</a><br>
2013 May 12: <a href="ap130512.html">Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus</a><br>
2013 May 11: <a href="ap130511.html">Cape York Annular Eclipse</a><br>
2013 May 10: <a href="ap130510.html">Messier 77</a><br>
2013 May 09: <a href="ap130509.html">Ring of Fire over Monument Valley</a><br>
2013 May 08: <a href="ap130508.html">Earth's Major Telescopes Investigate GRB 130427A</a><br>
2013 May 07: <a href="ap130507.html">Galaxy Cove Vista</a><br>
2013 May 06: <a href="ap130506.html">Tails of Comet Lemmon</a><br>
2013 May 05: <a href="ap130505.html">A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana</a><br>
2013 May 04: <a href="ap130504.html">Hungarian Spring Eclipse</a><br>
2013 May 03: <a href="ap130503.html">Horsehead: A Wider View</a><br>
2013 May 02: <a href="ap130502.html">Saturn Hurricane</a><br>
2013 May 01: <a href="ap130501.html">Omega Centauri: The Brightest Globular Cluster</a><br>
2013 April 30: <a href="ap130430.html">Humanity Explores the Solar System</a><br>
2013 April 29: <a href="ap130429.html">Milky Way and Stone Tree</a><br>
2013 April 28: <a href="ap130428.html">A Raging Storm System on Saturn</a><br>
2013 April 27: <a href="ap130427.html">Sharp Stereo</a><br>
2013 April 26: <a href="ap130426.html">A Year on the Sun</a><br>
2013 April 25: <a href="ap130425.html">Lunar Eclipses</a><br>
2013 April 24: <a href="ap130424.html">Wringing a Wet Towel in Orbit</a><br>
2013 April 23: <a href="ap130423.html">X rays from Supernova Remnant SN 1006</a><br>
2013 April 22: <a href="ap130422.html">The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble</a><br>
2013 April 21: <a href="ap130421.html">The Big Dipper</a><br>
2013 April 20: <a href="ap130420.html">Airglow, Gegenschein, and Milky Way</a><br>
2013 April 19: <a href="ap130419.html">NGC 1788 and the Witch's Whiskers</a><br>
2013 April 18: <a href="ap130418.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2013 April 17: <a href="ap130417.html">Mt Hood and a Lenticular Cloud</a><br>
2013 April 16: <a href="ap130416.html">Grand Spiral Galaxy M81 and Arp's Loop</a><br>
2013 April 15: <a href="ap130415.html">IC 1848: The Soul Nebula</a><br>
2013 April 14: <a href="ap130414.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2013 April 13: <a href="ap130413.html">Sun with Solar Flare</a><br>
2013 April 12: <a href="ap130412.html">Yuri's Planet</a><br>
2013 April 11: <a href="ap130411.html">Darkened City</a><br>
2013 April 10: <a href="ap130410.html">Space Station Lookout</a><br>
2013 April 09: <a href="ap130409.html">NGC 3132: The Southern Ring Nebula</a><br>
2013 April 08: <a href="ap130408.html">A Redshift Lookup Table for our Universe</a><br>
2013 April 07: <a href="ap130407.html">The Moon's Saturn</a><br>
2013 April 06: <a href="ap130406.html">Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2013 April 05: <a href="ap130405.html">Comet of the North</a><br>
2013 April 04: <a href="ap130404.html">M64: The Black Eye Galaxy</a><br>
2013 April 03: <a href="ap130403.html">Comet PANSTARRS and the Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2013 April 02: <a href="ap130402.html">IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2013 April 01: <a href="ap130401.html">Moon or Frying Pan</a><br>
2013 March 31: <a href="ap130331.html">Flying Over the Earth at Night</a><br>
2013 March 30: <a href="ap130330.html">The Broad Tail of PanSTARRS</a><br>
2013 March 29: <a href="ap130329.html">Ringside with Rhea</a><br>
2013 March 28: <a href="ap130328.html">Unraveling NGC 3169</a><br>
2013 March 27: <a href="ap130327.html">A Horizon Rainbow in Paris</a><br>
2013 March 26: <a href="ap130326.html">Waterfalls, Auroras, Comet: Iceland</a><br>
2013 March 25: <a href="ap130325.html">Planck Maps the Microwave Background</a><br>
2013 March 24: <a href="ap130324.html">Dust Pillar of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2013 March 23: <a href="ap130323.html">Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2013 March 22: <a href="ap130322.html">Comet Castle</a><br>
2013 March 21: <a href="ap130321.html">NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula</a><br>
2013 March 20: <a href="ap130320.html">M42: Inside the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2013 March 19: <a href="ap130319.html">GRAIL Maps the Moons Gravity</a><br>
2013 March 18: <a href="ap130318.html">Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset</a><br>
2013 March 17: <a href="ap130317.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2013 March 16: <a href="ap130316.html">PanSTARRS from France</a><br>
2013 March 15: <a href="ap130315.html">CME, Comet, and Planet Earth</a><br>
2013 March 14: <a href="ap130314.html">Clouds, Comet, and Crescent Moon</a><br>
2013 March 13: <a href="ap130313.html">NGC 6751: The Glowing Eye Nebula</a><br>
2013 March 12: <a href="ap130312.html">Spin up of a Supermassive Black Hole</a><br>
2013 March 11: <a href="ap130311.html">Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning</a><br>
2013 March 10: <a href="ap130310.html">Milky Way Panorama from Mauna Kea</a><br>
2013 March 09: <a href="ap130309.html">PanSTARRS over Parkes</a><br>
2013 March 08: <a href="ap130308.html">Looking Through Abell 68</a><br>
2013 March 07: <a href="ap130307.html">Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2013 March 06: <a href="ap130306.html">Tardigrade in Moss</a><br>
2013 March 05: <a href="ap130305.html">Comets Lemmon and PanSTARRS Peaking</a><br>
2013 March 04: <a href="ap130304.html">IC 1805: The Heart Nebula</a><br>
2013 March 03: <a href="ap130303.html">Grand Canyon Star Trails</a><br>
2013 March 02: <a href="ap130302.html">Miass River Sunrise</a><br>
2013 March 01: <a href="ap130301.html">Colors of Mercury</a><br>
2013 February 28: <a href="ap130228.html">Snow Moon for a Snowy Planet</a><br>
2013 February 27: <a href="ap130227.html">Asperatus Clouds Over New Zealand</a><br>
2013 February 26: <a href="ap130226.html">Coronal Rain on the Sun</a><br>
2013 February 25: <a href="ap130225.html">Fly Me to the Moons</a><br>
2013 February 24: <a href="ap130224.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars</a><br>
2013 February 23: <a href="ap130223.html">Chelyabinsk Meteor Flash</a><br>
2013 February 22: <a href="ap130222.html">Curiosity Self Portrait Panorama</a><br>
2013 February 21: <a href="ap130221.html">Gravitational Tractor</a><br>
2013 February 20: <a href="ap130220.html">Saturn's Hexagon and Rings</a><br>
2013 February 19: <a href="ap130219.html">Mercury on the Horizon</a><br>
2013 February 18: <a href="ap130218.html">The Great Russian Meteor of 2013</a><br>
2013 February 17: <a href="ap130217.html">Asteroid 2012 DA14 Passes the Earth</a><br>
2013 February 16: <a href="ap130216.html">Sweeping Through Southern Skies</a><br>
2013 February 15: <a href="ap130215.html">Shadows Across Jupiter</a><br>
2013 February 14: <a href="ap130214.html">Solar System Portrait</a><br>
2013 February 13: <a href="ap130213.html">Infrared Orion from WISE</a><br>
2013 February 12: <a href="ap130212.html">Reflected Aurora Over Alaska</a><br>
2013 February 11: <a href="ap130211.html">N11: Star Clouds of the LMC</a><br>
2013 February 10: <a href="ap130210.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
2013 February 09: <a href="ap130209.html">The Great Meteor Procession of 1913</a><br>
2013 February 08: <a href="ap130208.html">NGC 6822: Barnard's Galaxy</a><br>
2013 February 07: <a href="ap130207.html">Comet Lemmon near the South Celestial Pole</a><br>
2013 February 06: <a href="ap130206.html">The Arms of M106</a><br>
2013 February 05: <a href="ap130205.html">Mars: Shadow at Point Lake</a><br>
2013 February 04: <a href="ap130204.html">Namibian Nights</a><br>
2013 February 03: <a href="ap130203.html">LL Ori and the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2013 February 02: <a href="ap130202.html">Herschel's Andromeda</a><br>
2013 February 01: <a href="ap130201.html">Atlas V Launches TDRS K</a><br>
2013 January 31: <a href="ap130131.html">NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad</a><br>
2013 January 30: <a href="ap130130.html">Full Moon Silhouettes</a><br>
2013 January 29: <a href="ap130129.html">Apollo 16: Driving on the Moon</a><br>
2013 January 28: <a href="ap130128.html">In the Center of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2013 January 27: <a href="ap130127.html">Comet McNaught Over Chile</a><br>
2013 January 26: <a href="ap130126.html">Alaskan Moondogs</a><br>
2013 January 25: <a href="ap130125.html">Matijevic Hill Panorama</a><br>
2013 January 24: <a href="ap130124.html">ISS and the Summer Milky Way</a><br>
2013 January 23: <a href="ap130123.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
2013 January 22: <a href="ap130122.html">The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation</a><br>
2013 January 21: <a href="ap130121.html">Huygens: Titan Descent Movie</a><br>
2013 January 20: <a href="ap130120.html">The Antikythera Mechanism</a><br>
2013 January 19: <a href="ap130119.html">Barnard Stares at NGC 2170</a><br>
2013 January 18: <a href="ap130118.html">Stickney Crater</a><br>
2013 January 17: <a href="ap130117.html">Cas A: Optical and X-ray</a><br>
2013 January 16: <a href="ap130116.html">NGC 1309: Spiral Galaxy and Friends</a><br>
2013 January 15: <a href="ap130115.html">A Solar Ballet</a><br>
2013 January 14: <a href="ap130114.html">NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life</a><br>
2013 January 13: <a href="ap130113.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2013 January 12: <a href="ap130112.html">Ten Billion Earths</a><br>
2013 January 11: <a href="ap130111.html">The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2013 January 10: <a href="ap130110.html">The Orion Bullets</a><br>
2013 January 09: <a href="ap130109.html">The Elusive Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2013 January 08: <a href="ap130108.html">Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 7424</a><br>
2013 January 07: <a href="ap130107.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2013 January 06: <a href="ap130106.html">The Dark Tower in Scorpius</a><br>
2013 January 05: <a href="ap130105.html">Stereo Helene</a><br>
2013 January 04: <a href="ap130104.html">Sunrise at Tycho</a><br>
2013 January 03: <a href="ap130103.html">Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158</a><br>
2013 January 02: <a href="ap130102.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2013 January 01: <a href="ap130101.html">A Double Star Cluster</a><br>
2012 December 31: <a href="ap121231.html">Saturn's Rings from the Dark Side</a><br>
2012 December 30: <a href="ap121230.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2012 December 29: <a href="ap121229.html">Zeta Oph: Runaway Star</a><br>
2012 December 28: <a href="ap121228.html">NGC 6188 and NGC 6164</a><br>
2012 December 27: <a href="ap121227.html">Curiosity Rover at Rocknest on Mars</a><br>
2012 December 26: <a href="ap121226.html">Makemake of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2012 December 25: <a href="ap121225.html">Yosemite Winter Night</a><br>
2012 December 24: <a href="ap121224.html">Hyades for the Holidays</a><br>
2012 December 23: <a href="ap121223.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2012 December 22: <a href="ap121222.html">Saturn at Night</a><br>
2012 December 21: <a href="ap121221.html">Orion over El Castillo</a><br>
2012 December 20: <a href="ap121220.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2012 December 19: <a href="ap121219.html">NGC 5189: An Unusually Complex Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2012 December 18: <a href="ap121218.html">A Sun Pillar Over Sweden</a><br>
2012 December 17: <a href="ap121217.html">NGC 922: Collisional Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2012 December 16: <a href="ap121216.html">MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula</a><br>
2012 December 15: <a href="ap121215.html">When Gemini Sends Stars to Paranal</a><br>
2012 December 14: <a href="ap121214.html">Umbra World</a><br>
2012 December 13: <a href="ap121213.html">Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit</a><br>
2012 December 12: <a href="ap121212.html">Milky Way Over Quiver Tree Forest</a><br>
2012 December 11: <a href="ap121211.html">NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery</a><br>
2012 December 10: <a href="ap121210.html">Time Lapse: A Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2012 December 09: <a href="ap121209.html">The Astronaut Who Captured a Satellite</a><br>
2012 December 08: <a href="ap121208.html">Baku Moonrise</a><br>
2012 December 07: <a href="ap121207.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2012 December 06: <a href="ap121206.html">47 Tuc Near the Small Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2012 December 05: <a href="ap121205.html">Plasma Jets from Radio Galaxy Hercules A</a><br>
2012 December 04: <a href="ap121204.html">In the Center of Saturn's North Polar Vortex</a><br>
2012 December 03: <a href="ap121203.html">A Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Spain</a><br>
2012 December 02: <a href="ap121202.html">The Gegenschein Over Chile</a><br>
2012 December 01: <a href="ap121201.html">Northern Mercury</a><br>
2012 November 30: <a href="ap121130.html">Clouds in Cygnus</a><br>
2012 November 29: <a href="ap121129.html">Super Moon vs Micro Moon</a><br>
2012 November 28: <a href="ap121128.html">Jupiter and Io</a><br>
2012 November 27: <a href="ap121127.html">Bright Jupiter in Taurus</a><br>
2012 November 26: <a href="ap121126.html">Wisps of the Veil Nebula</a><br>
2012 November 25: <a href="ap121125.html">Dark Sand Cascades on Mars</a><br>
2012 November 24: <a href="ap121124.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Spiral with Supernova</a><br>
2012 November 23: <a href="ap121123.html">The Pipe Nebula</a><br>
2012 November 22: <a href="ap121122.html">Night of the Long Leonid</a><br>
2012 November 21: <a href="ap121121.html">Diamond Ring and Shadow Bands</a><br>
2012 November 20: <a href="ap121120.html">A Halo Around the Moon</a><br>
2012 November 19: <a href="ap121119.html">Leonids Over Monument Valley</a><br>
2012 November 18: <a href="ap121118.html">NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars</a><br>
2012 November 17: <a href="ap121117.html">Like a Diamond in the Sky</a><br>
2012 November 16: <a href="ap121116.html">Moon Shadow Sequence</a><br>
2012 November 15: <a href="ap121115.html">Solar Eclipse over Queensland</a><br>
2012 November 14: <a href="ap121114.html">Our Story in One Minute</a><br>
2012 November 13: <a href="ap121113.html">A Solar Eclipse Quilt</a><br>
2012 November 12: <a href="ap121112.html">Meteor and Moonbow over Wallaman Falls</a><br>
2012 November 11: <a href="ap121111.html">Bailys Beads near Solar Eclipse Totality</a><br>
2012 November 10: <a href="ap121110.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660</a><br>
2012 November 09: <a href="ap121109.html">Melotte 15 in the Heart</a><br>
2012 November 08: <a href="ap121108.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail</a><br>
2012 November 07: <a href="ap121107.html">Superstorm Sandy From Formation to Landfall</a><br>
2012 November 06: <a href="ap121106.html">Methone: Smooth Egg Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2012 November 05: <a href="ap121105.html">Saturn's Moon Dione in Slight Color</a><br>
2012 November 04: <a href="ap121104.html">Lenticular Clouds Over Washington</a><br>
2012 November 03: <a href="ap121103.html">Hunter's Moon over the Alps</a><br>
2012 November 02: <a href="ap121102.html">The Black Hole in the Milky Way</a><br>
2012 November 01: <a href="ap121101.html">Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2012 October 31: <a href="ap121031.html">VdB 152: A Ghost in Cepheus</a><br>
2012 October 30: <a href="ap121030.html">Planetary Nebula PK 164 31</a><br>
2012 October 29: <a href="ap121029.html">The Red Spider Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2012 October 28: <a href="ap121028.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2012 October 27: <a href="ap121027.html">A Halo for NGC 6164</a><br>
2012 October 26: <a href="ap121026.html">Reflection Nebula vdB1</a><br>
2012 October 25: <a href="ap121025.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2012 October 24: <a href="ap121024.html">NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda</a><br>
2012 October 23: <a href="ap121023.html">Mammatus Clouds Over Saskatchewan</a><br>
2012 October 22: <a href="ap121022.html">A Space Shuttle on the Streets of Los Angeles</a><br>
2012 October 21: <a href="ap121021.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2012 October 20: <a href="ap121020.html">Zodiacal Light and Milky Way</a><br>
2012 October 19: <a href="ap121019.html">Merging NGC 2623</a><br>
2012 October 18: <a href="ap121018.html">A View from Next Door</a><br>
2012 October 17: <a href="ap121017.html">Aurora Over White Dome Geyser</a><br>
2012 October 16: <a href="ap121016.html">A Spiral Nebula Surrounding Star R Sculptoris</a><br>
2012 October 15: <a href="ap121015.html">Black Sun and Inverted Starfield</a><br>
2012 October 14: <a href="ap121014.html">The Hubble Extreme Deep Field</a><br>
2012 October 13: <a href="ap121013.html">Galaxies, Stars, and Dust</a><br>
2012 October 12: <a href="ap121012.html">Pan-STARRS and Nebulae</a><br>
2012 October 11: <a href="ap121011.html">Aurorae over Planet Earth</a><br>
2012 October 10: <a href="ap121010.html">Nauset Light Star Trails</a><br>
2012 October 09: <a href="ap121009.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2012 October 08: <a href="ap121008.html">Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39</a><br>
2012 October 07: <a href="ap121007.html">The Same Color Illusion</a><br>
2012 October 06: <a href="ap121006.html">At the Heart of Orion</a><br>
2012 October 05: <a href="ap121005.html">Aurora and Fireball Over Norway</a><br>
2012 October 04: <a href="ap121004.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2012 October 03: <a href="ap121003.html">Goat Aurora Over Greenland</a><br>
2012 October 02: <a href="ap121002.html">An Ancient Stream Bank on Mars</a><br>
2012 October 01: <a href="ap121001.html">Introducing Comet ISON</a><br>
2012 September 30: <a href="ap120930.html">A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745</a><br>
2012 September 29: <a href="ap120929.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2012 September 28: <a href="ap120928.html">Stars in a Dusty Sky</a><br>
2012 September 27: <a href="ap120927.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2012 September 26: <a href="ap120926.html">A Space Shuttle Over Los Angeles</a><br>
2012 September 25: <a href="ap120925.html">Unusual Spheres on Mars</a><br>
2012 September 24: <a href="ap120924.html">NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula</a><br>
2012 September 23: <a href="ap120923.html">Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice</a><br>
2012 September 22: <a href="ap120922.html">Austrian Analemma</a><br>
2012 September 21: <a href="ap120921.html">September Aurora</a><br>
2012 September 20: <a href="ap120920.html">Sunrise Analemma (with a little extra)</a><br>
2012 September 19: <a href="ap120919.html">Leaving Vesta</a><br>
2012 September 18: <a href="ap120918.html">Orbiting Astronaut Self Portrait</a><br>
2012 September 17: <a href="ap120917.html">A Solar Filament Erupts</a><br>
2012 September 16: <a href="ap120916.html">Saturn: Bright Tethys and Ancient Rings</a><br>
2012 September 15: <a href="ap120915.html">Ring Nebula Drawn</a><br>
2012 September 14: <a href="ap120914.html">Elliptical M60, Spiral NGC 4647</a><br>
2012 September 13: <a href="ap120913.html">Cocoon Nebula Wide Field</a><br>
2012 September 12: <a href="ap120912.html">M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2012 September 11: <a href="ap120911.html">Milky Way Over the Bungle Bungles</a><br>
2012 September 10: <a href="ap120910.html">Curiosity on the Move</a><br>
2012 September 09: <a href="ap120909.html">Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2012 September 08: <a href="ap120908.html">Cosmic Rays at Voyager 1</a><br>
2012 September 07: <a href="ap120907.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2012 September 06: <a href="ap120906.html">Airglow over Italy</a><br>
2012 September 05: <a href="ap120905.html">Airglow Over Germany</a><br>
2012 September 04: <a href="ap120904.html">Hurricane Paths on Planet Earth</a><br>
2012 September 03: <a href="ap120903.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2012 September 02: <a href="ap120902.html">RBSP Night Launch</a><br>
2012 September 01: <a href="ap120901.html">On a Blue Moon</a><br>
2012 August 31: <a href="ap120831.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2012 August 30: <a href="ap120830.html">Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama</a><br>
2012 August 29: <a href="ap120829.html">A Dark Earth with a Red Sprite</a><br>
2012 August 28: <a href="ap120828.html">Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2012 August 27: <a href="ap120827.html">Curiosity on Mars: Mt Sharp in View</a><br>
2012 August 26: <a href="ap120826.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2012 August 25: <a href="ap120825.html">Perseid over Albrechtsberg Castle</a><br>
2012 August 24: <a href="ap120824.html">Moon Meets Morning Star</a><br>
2012 August 23: <a href="ap120823.html">Conjunction Colours</a><br>
2012 August 22: <a href="ap120822.html">Clouds Near the Edge of Space</a><br>
2012 August 21: <a href="ap120821.html">DNA: The Molecule that Defines You</a><br>
2012 August 20: <a href="ap120820.html">A Filament Across the Sun</a><br>
2012 August 19: <a href="ap120819.html">M72: A Globular Cluster of Stars</a><br>
2012 August 18: <a href="ap120818.html">Curiosity on Mars: Still Life with Rover</a><br>
2012 August 17: <a href="ap120817.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 5033</a><br>
2012 August 16: <a href="ap120816.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2012 August 15: <a href="ap120815.html">Curiosity on Mars: A Wall of Gale Crater</a><br>
2012 August 14: <a href="ap120814.html">Perseid Meteors and the Milky Way</a><br>
2012 August 13: <a href="ap120813.html">A Flight Through the Universe</a><br>
2012 August 12: <a href="ap120812.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 4038 in Collision</a><br>
2012 August 11: <a href="ap120811.html">The First Color Panorama from Mars by Curiosity</a><br>
2012 August 10: <a href="ap120810.html">Perseid Below</a><br>
2012 August 09: <a href="ap120809.html">Mars in the Loop</a><br>
2012 August 08: <a href="ap120808.html">Curiosity Drops In</a><br>
2012 August 07: <a href="ap120807.html">A Wheel on Mars</a><br>
2012 August 06: <a href="ap120806.html">Nocturnal: Scenes from the Southern Night</a><br>
2012 August 05: <a href="ap120805.html">IC 1396: Emission Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2012 August 04: <a href="ap120804.html">The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2012 August 03: <a href="ap120803.html">Messier 5</a><br>
2012 August 02: <a href="ap120802.html">South Pole Star Trails</a><br>
2012 August 01: <a href="ap120801.html">The Milky Way Over Monument Valley</a><br>
2012 July 31: <a href="ap120731.html">Curiosity Before Mars: Seven Minutes of Terror</a><br>
2012 July 30: <a href="ap120730.html">Ash and Lightning Above an Icelandic Volcano</a><br>
2012 July 29: <a href="ap120729.html">Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out</a><br>
2012 July 28: <a href="ap120728.html">Trails in the Morning Sky</a><br>
2012 July 27: <a href="ap120727.html">High Energy Stereoscopic System II</a><br>
2012 July 26: <a href="ap120726.html">The Tulip in the Swan</a><br>
2012 July 25: <a href="ap120725.html">Pink Aurora Over Crater Lake</a><br>
2012 July 24: <a href="ap120724.html">South Polar Vortex Discovered on Titan</a><br>
2012 July 23: <a href="ap120723.html">Lightning Captured at 7207 Images per Second</a><br>
2012 July 22: <a href="ap120722.html">M16: Pillars of Creation</a><br>
2012 July 21: <a href="ap120721.html">The Eagle Rises</a><br>
2012 July 20: <a href="ap120720.html">Moon Meets Jupiter</a><br>
2012 July 19: <a href="ap120719.html">Dawn of the Dish</a><br>
2012 July 18: <a href="ap120718.html">A Hole in Mars</a><br>
2012 July 17: <a href="ap120717.html">Simulation: A Disk Galaxy Forms</a><br>
2012 July 16: <a href="ap120716.html">Fifth Moon Discovered Orbiting Pluto</a><br>
2012 July 15: <a href="ap120715.html">Orion Nebula: The Hubble View</a><br>
2012 July 14: <a href="ap120714.html">AR1520: Islands in the Photosphere</a><br>
2012 July 13: <a href="ap120713.html">21st Century M101</a><br>
2012 July 12: <a href="ap120712.html">Teimareh Petroglyphs and Star Trails</a><br>
2012 July 11: <a href="ap120711.html">A Morning Line of Stars and Planets</a><br>
2012 July 10: <a href="ap120710.html">Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth</a><br>
2012 July 09: <a href="ap120709.html">Greeley Panorama on Mars</a><br>
2012 July 08: <a href="ap120708.html">Volcano and Aurora in Iceland</a><br>
2012 July 07: <a href="ap120707.html">Gravitational Tractor</a><br>
2012 July 06: <a href="ap120706.html">The Tidal Tail of NGC 3628</a><br>
2012 July 05: <a href="ap120705.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2012 July 04: <a href="ap120704.html">Sunspots and Silhouettes</a><br>
2012 July 03: <a href="ap120703.html">In the Shadow of Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2012 July 02: <a href="ap120702.html">Journey to the Center of the Galaxy</a><br>
2012 July 01: <a href="ap120701.html">The Outer Shells of Centaurus A</a><br>
2012 June 30: <a href="ap120630.html">Conjunctions near Dawn</a><br>
2012 June 29: <a href="ap120629.html">Dark Clouds in Aquila</a><br>
2012 June 28: <a href="ap120628.html">In the Glare of Alpha Centauri</a><br>
2012 June 27: <a href="ap120627.html">Simeis 188 in Stars, Dust and Gas</a><br>
2012 June 26: <a href="ap120626.html">A Sundial that Shows Solstice</a><br>
2012 June 25: <a href="ap120625.html">Milky Way Over Piton de lEau</a><br>
2012 June 24: <a href="ap120624.html">Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater</a><br>
2012 June 23: <a href="ap120623.html">Northern Green Flash</a><br>
2012 June 22: <a href="ap120622.html">IC 2574: Coddington's Nebula</a><br>
2012 June 21: <a href="ap120621.html">WR 134 Ring Nebula</a><br>
2012 June 20: <a href="ap120620.html">Venus Transits the Midnight Sun</a><br>
2012 June 19: <a href="ap120619.html">NuSTAR X-Ray Telescope Launched</a><br>
2012 June 18: <a href="ap120618.html">Milky Way Above Easter Island</a><br>
2012 June 17: <a href="ap120617.html">Jupiter's Rings Revealed</a><br>
2012 June 16: <a href="ap120616.html">APOD Turns 17</a><br>
2012 June 15: <a href="ap120615.html">M65 and M66</a><br>
2012 June 14: <a href="ap120614.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2012 June 13: <a href="ap120613.html">A Venus Transit Over the Baltic Sea</a><br>
2012 June 12: <a href="ap120612.html">Thackeray's Globules</a><br>
2012 June 11: <a href="ap120611.html">A Venus Transit Music Video from SDO</a><br>
2012 June 10: <a href="ap120610.html">Two New Hubble Quality Telescopes Gifted to NASA</a><br>
2012 June 09: <a href="ap120609.html">Venus at the Edge</a><br>
2012 June 08: <a href="ap120608.html">When Venus Rises with the Sun</a><br>
2012 June 07: <a href="ap120607.html">Venus Transit 2012</a><br>
2012 June 06: <a href="ap120606.html">Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming</a><br>
2012 June 05: <a href="ap120605.html">Live: Watching for Venus to Cross the Sun</a><br>
2012 June 04: <a href="ap120604.html">Milky Way Galaxy Doomed: Collision with Andromeda Pending</a><br>
2012 June 03: <a href="ap120603.html">A Picturesque Venus Transit</a><br>
2012 June 02: <a href="ap120602.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2012 June 01: <a href="ap120601.html">A Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2012 May 31: <a href="ap120531.html">Lantern Saturn</a><br>
2012 May 30: <a href="ap120530.html">Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth</a><br>
2012 May 29: <a href="ap120529.html">Sentinels of the Arctic</a><br>
2012 May 28: <a href="ap120528.html">Contemplating the Sun</a><br>
2012 May 27: <a href="ap120527.html">Mercury Spotting</a><br>
2012 May 26: <a href="ap120526.html">At the Edge of NGC 891</a><br>
2012 May 25: <a href="ap120525.html">Scorpius in Red and Blue</a><br>
2012 May 24: <a href="ap120524.html">All the Water on Europa</a><br>
2012 May 23: <a href="ap120523.html">SpaceX Dragon Launches to the Space Station</a><br>
2012 May 22: <a href="ap120522.html">A Partial Solar Eclipse over Texas</a><br>
2012 May 21: <a href="ap120521.html">A Close Pass of Saturn's Moon Dione</a><br>
2012 May 20: <a href="ap120520.html">A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay</a><br>
2012 May 19: <a href="ap120519.html">Annular Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2012 May 18: <a href="ap120518.html">GALEX: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2012 May 17: <a href="ap120517.html">Herschel's Cygnus X</a><br>
2012 May 16: <a href="ap120516.html">Star Formation in the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2012 May 15: <a href="ap120515.html">All the Water on Planet Earth</a><br>
2012 May 14: <a href="ap120514.html">Virtual Flight Over Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2012 May 13: <a href="ap120513.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672 from Hubble</a><br>
2012 May 12: <a href="ap120512.html">The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2012 May 11: <a href="ap120511.html">Sun vs Super Moon</a><br>
2012 May 10: <a href="ap120510.html">Green Flash and Super Moon</a><br>
2012 May 09: <a href="ap120509.html">Shuttle Enterprise Over New York</a><br>
2012 May 08: <a href="ap120508.html">The Light of Stars</a><br>
2012 May 07: <a href="ap120507.html">Supermoon Over Paris</a><br>
2012 May 06: <a href="ap120506.html">In the Center of the Omega Nebula</a><br>
2012 May 05: <a href="ap120505.html">Full Moonrise</a><br>
2012 May 04: <a href="ap120504.html">Fermi Epicycles: The Vela Pulsar's Path</a><br>
2012 May 03: <a href="ap120503.html">M106 Close Up</a><br>
2012 May 02: <a href="ap120502.html">Saturn's Moon Helene in Color</a><br>
2012 May 01: <a href="ap120501.html">Higgs Boson Explained by Cartoon</a><br>
2012 April 30: <a href="ap120430.html">Aurora Over Raufarh</a><br>
2012 April 29: <a href="ap120429.html">A Dangerous Sunrise on Gliese 876d</a><br>
2012 April 28: <a href="ap120428.html">Sutter's Mill Meteorite</a><br>
2012 April 27: <a href="ap120427.html">Jupiter and the Moons of Earth</a><br>
2012 April 26: <a href="ap120426.html">Morning, Moon, and Mercury</a><br>
2012 April 25: <a href="ap120425.html">Meteor Over Crater Lake</a><br>
2012 April 24: <a href="ap120424.html">Rosetta Approaches Asteroid Lutitea</a><br>
2012 April 23: <a href="ap120423.html">Evaporating Blobs of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2012 April 22: <a href="ap120422.html">Flowing Barchan Sand Dunes on Mars</a><br>
2012 April 21: <a href="ap120421.html">3 ATs</a><br>
2012 April 20: <a href="ap120420.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2012 April 19: <a href="ap120419.html">Discovery Departs</a><br>
2012 April 18: <a href="ap120418.html">The Flight Deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour</a><br>
2012 April 17: <a href="ap120417.html">Antares and Clouds</a><br>
2012 April 16: <a href="ap120416.html">The Eagle Nebula from Kitt Peak</a><br>
2012 April 15: <a href="ap120415.html">Fata Morgana: A Possibly Titanic Mirage</a><br>
2012 April 14: <a href="ap120414.html">Six Moons of Saturn</a><br>
2012 April 13: <a href="ap120413.html">A Dust Devil of Mars</a><br>
2012 April 12: <a href="ap120412.html">Yuri's Planet</a><br>
2012 April 11: <a href="ap120411.html">Geostationary Satellites Beyond the Alps</a><br>
2012 April 10: <a href="ap120410.html">A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2012 April 09: <a href="ap120409.html">Blue Straggler Stars in Globular Cluster M53</a><br>
2012 April 08: <a href="ap120408.html">Io: Moon Over Jupiter</a><br>
2012 April 07: <a href="ap120407.html">Conjunction Haiku</a><br>
2012 April 06: <a href="ap120406.html">Venus and the Sisters</a><br>
2012 April 05: <a href="ap120405.html">Zodiacal Light Panorama</a><br>
2012 April 04: <a href="ap120404.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2012 April 03: <a href="ap120403.html">M46 and M47: Star Clusters Young and Old</a><br>
2012 April 02: <a href="ap120402.html">Tungurahua Erupts</a><br>
2012 April 01: <a href="ap120401.html">Dad Quiets Omicron Ceti</a><br>
2012 March 31: <a href="ap120331.html">Paris by Night</a><br>
2012 March 30: <a href="ap120330.html">The Grand Canyon in Moonlight</a><br>
2012 March 29: <a href="ap120329.html">Rocket Trails in the Milky Way</a><br>
2012 March 28: <a href="ap120328.html">Earthshine and Venus Over Sierra de Guadarrama</a><br>
2012 March 27: <a href="ap120327.html">Unusual Hollows Discovered on Planet Mercury</a><br>
2012 March 26: <a href="ap120326.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2012 March 25: <a href="ap120325.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2012 March 24: <a href="ap120324.html">The New Moon in the Old Moon's Arms</a><br>
2012 March 23: <a href="ap120323.html">Messier 9 Close Up</a><br>
2012 March 22: <a href="ap120322.html">M95 with Supernova</a><br>
2012 March 21: <a href="ap120321.html">Aurora Over Iceland</a><br>
2012 March 20: <a href="ap120320.html">Evolution of the Moon</a><br>
2012 March 19: <a href="ap120319.html">Sunspot Group 1429 and the Distant Sun</a><br>
2012 March 18: <a href="ap120318.html">Jupiter and Venus from Earth</a><br>
2012 March 17: <a href="ap120317.html">NGC 2683: Edge-On Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2012 March 16: <a href="ap120316.html">Bright Planets at McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope</a><br>
2012 March 15: <a href="ap120315.html">Solar Flare in the Gamma-ray Sky</a><br>
2012 March 14: <a href="ap120314.html">Angry Sun Erupting</a><br>
2012 March 13: <a href="ap120313.html">The M81 Galaxy Group Through the Integrated Flux Nebula</a><br>
2012 March 12: <a href="ap120312.html">The Scale of the Universe Interactive</a><br>
2012 March 11: <a href="ap120311.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2012 March 10: <a href="ap120310.html">Lick Observatory Moonrise</a><br>
2012 March 09: <a href="ap120309.html">NGC 1579: Trifid of the North</a><br>
2012 March 08: <a href="ap120308.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2012 March 07: <a href="ap120307.html">Conjunction Over Reunion Island</a><br>
2012 March 06: <a href="ap120306.html">NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life</a><br>
2012 March 05: <a href="ap120305.html">Flying Over the Earth at Night</a><br>
2012 March 04: <a href="ap120304.html">Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510 13</a><br>
2012 March 03: <a href="ap120303.html">Another Tail for Comet Garradd</a><br>
2012 March 02: <a href="ap120302.html">Jupiter Unplugged</a><br>
2012 March 01: <a href="ap120301.html">Multicolor Venus</a><br>
2012 February 29: <a href="ap120229.html">Moon and Planets Over Catalonia</a><br>
2012 February 28: <a href="ap120228.html">The Opposing Tails of Comet Garradd</a><br>
2012 February 27: <a href="ap120227.html">Shocked by Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2012 February 26: <a href="ap120226.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2012 February 25: <a href="ap120225.html">Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
2012 February 24: <a href="ap120224.html">Aurigae Nebulae</a><br>
2012 February 23: <a href="ap120223.html">A Zodiacal Skyscape</a><br>
2012 February 22: <a href="ap120222.html">A Sailing Stone in Death Valley</a><br>
2012 February 21: <a href="ap120221.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Wyoming</a><br>
2012 February 20: <a href="ap120220.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1073</a><br>
2012 February 19: <a href="ap120219.html">A Message From Earth</a><br>
2012 February 18: <a href="ap120218.html">On the Road to Carina</a><br>
2012 February 17: <a href="ap120217.html">At the West Wall of Aristarchus Crater</a><br>
2012 February 16: <a href="ap120216.html">NGC 5965 and NGC 5963 in Draco</a><br>
2012 February 15: <a href="ap120215.html">Meropes Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2012 February 14: <a href="ap120214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2012 February 13: <a href="ap120213.html">An Unusual Venusian Oval</a><br>
2012 February 12: <a href="ap120212.html">Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2012 February 11: <a href="ap120211.html">A February Moon Halo</a><br>
2012 February 10: <a href="ap120210.html">At the Core of NGC 6752</a><br>
2012 February 09: <a href="ap120209.html">Trees, Stars, Aurora</a><br>
2012 February 08: <a href="ap120208.html">Enceladus Backlit by Saturn</a><br>
2012 February 07: <a href="ap120207.html">The Belt of Venus Over Mercedes Argentina</a><br>
2012 February 06: <a href="ap120206.html">Dust of the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2012 February 05: <a href="ap120205.html">Lunation</a><br>
2012 February 04: <a href="ap120204.html">Comet Garradd and M92</a><br>
2012 February 03: <a href="ap120203.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2012 February 02: <a href="ap120202.html">La Silla Star Trails North and South</a><br>
2012 February 01: <a href="ap120201.html">Red Aurora Over Australia</a><br>
2012 January 31: <a href="ap120131.html">The Helix Nebula from the VISTA Telescope</a><br>
2012 January 30: <a href="ap120130.html">Blue Marble Earth from Suomi NPP</a><br>
2012 January 29: <a href="ap120129.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2012 January 28: <a href="ap120128.html">Planet Aurora Borealis</a><br>
2012 January 27: <a href="ap120127.html">NGC 3239 and SN 2012A</a><br>
2012 January 26: <a href="ap120126.html">NGC 4449: Star Stream for a Dwarf Galaxy</a><br>
2012 January 25: <a href="ap120125.html">Opportunity Rover Spots Greeley Haven on Mars</a><br>
2012 January 24: <a href="ap120124.html">January Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2012 January 23: <a href="ap120123.html">Deep Orion Over the Canary Islands</a><br>
2012 January 22: <a href="ap120122.html">Saturn's Hexagon Comes to Light</a><br>
2012 January 21: <a href="ap120121.html">Days in the Sun</a><br>
2012 January 20: <a href="ap120120.html">The Wolf's Moon</a><br>
2012 January 19: <a href="ap120119.html">The Hunter's Stars</a><br>
2012 January 18: <a href="ap120118.html">Cygnus X: The Inner Workings of a Nearby Star Factory</a><br>
2012 January 17: <a href="ap120117.html">IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2012 January 16: <a href="ap120116.html">Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn</a><br>
2012 January 15: <a href="ap120115.html">Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2012 January 14: <a href="ap120114.html">NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2012 January 13: <a href="ap120113.html">Saturns Iapetus: Painted Moon</a><br>
2012 January 12: <a href="ap120112.html">The Case of the Missing Supernova Companion</a><br>
2012 January 11: <a href="ap120111.html">Little Planet Lovejoy</a><br>
2012 January 10: <a href="ap120110.html">Bright Star Regulus near the Leo I Dwarf Galaxy</a><br>
2012 January 09: <a href="ap120109.html">Facing NGC 6946</a><br>
2012 January 08: <a href="ap120108.html">Lighthouse and Meteor</a><br>
2012 January 07: <a href="ap120107.html">Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
2012 January 06: <a href="ap120106.html">A Wide Field Image of the Galactic Center</a><br>
2012 January 05: <a href="ap120105.html">Ringside with Titan and Dione</a><br>
2012 January 04: <a href="ap120104.html">Starburst Galaxy IC 10</a><br>
2012 January 03: <a href="ap120103.html">A Full Sky Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2012 January 02: <a href="ap120102.html">Spot the Moon</a><br>
2012 January 01: <a href="ap120101.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2011 December 31: <a href="ap111231.html">Comet Lovejoy and the ISS</a><br>
2011 December 30: <a href="ap111230.html">The Diner at the Center of the Galaxy</a><br>
2011 December 29: <a href="ap111229.html">Conjunction at Sunset</a><br>
2011 December 28: <a href="ap111228.html">Comet Lovejoy over Paranal</a><br>
2011 December 27: <a href="ap111227.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2011 December 26: <a href="ap111226.html">A Raging Storm System on Saturn</a><br>
2011 December 25: <a href="ap111225.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2011 December 24: <a href="ap111224.html">Eclipsed Moon in the Morning</a><br>
2011 December 23: <a href="ap111223.html">Shell Galaxy NGC 7600</a><br>
2011 December 22: <a href="ap111222.html">Through a Sun Tunnel</a><br>
2011 December 21: <a href="ap111221.html">A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble</a><br>
2011 December 20: <a href="ap111220.html">NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy</a><br>
2011 December 19: <a href="ap111219.html">A Geminid Meteor Over Iran</a><br>
2011 December 18: <a href="ap111218.html">Hints of Higgs from the Large Hadron Collider</a><br>
2011 December 17: <a href="ap111217.html">Comet Lovejoy: Sungrazing Survivor</a><br>
2011 December 16: <a href="ap111216.html">Red Moon Rising</a><br>
2011 December 15: <a href="ap111215.html">The Umbra of Earth</a><br>
2011 December 14: <a href="ap111214.html">A Lunar Eclipse Over an Indian Peace Pagoda</a><br>
2011 December 13: <a href="ap111213.html">In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2011 December 12: <a href="ap111212.html">Unusual Vein of Deposited Rock on Mars</a><br>
2011 December 11: <a href="ap111211.html">Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica</a><br>
2011 December 10: <a href="ap111210.html">Vesta Rocks</a><br>
2011 December 09: <a href="ap111209.html">Eclipsed Moon in the Morning</a><br>
2011 December 08: <a href="ap111208.html">Sh2-239: Celestial Impasto</a><br>
2011 December 07: <a href="ap111207.html">Kepler 22b: An Almost Earth Orbiting an Almost Sun</a><br>
2011 December 06: <a href="ap111206.html">Jupiter Rotation Movie from Pic du Midi</a><br>
2011 December 05: <a href="ap111205.html">A Memorable Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2011 December 04: <a href="ap111204.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2011 December 03: <a href="ap111203.html">As Above, So Below</a><br>
2011 December 02: <a href="ap111202.html">Solar Eclipse over Antarctica</a><br>
2011 December 01: <a href="ap111201.html">Young Moon Meets Evening Star</a><br>
2011 November 30: <a href="ap111130.html">Curiosity Rover Lifts Off for Mars</a><br>
2011 November 29: <a href="ap111129.html">Across the Center of Centaurus A</a><br>
2011 November 28: <a href="ap111128.html">A Landslide on Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2011 November 27: <a href="ap111127.html">Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to the Moon</a><br>
2011 November 26: <a href="ap111126.html">Pelican Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2011 November 25: <a href="ap111125.html">A Glimpse of CLIMSO</a><br>
2011 November 24: <a href="ap111124.html">Caught in the Afterglow</a><br>
2011 November 23: <a href="ap111123.html">The View from Chajnantor</a><br>
2011 November 22: <a href="ap111122.html">Leonid Fireball over Tenerife</a><br>
2011 November 21: <a href="ap111121.html">Around the World in 90 Minutes</a><br>
2011 November 20: <a href="ap111120.html">W5: Pillars of Star Formation</a><br>
2011 November 19: <a href="ap111119.html">In Wolf's Cave</a><br>
2011 November 18: <a href="ap111118.html">A Colorful Side of the Moon</a><br>
2011 November 17: <a href="ap111117.html">Pleiades to Hyades</a><br>
2011 November 16: <a href="ap111116.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2011 November 15: <a href="ap111115.html">Orange Sun Scintillating</a><br>
2011 November 14: <a href="ap111114.html">Waterfall, Moonbow, and Aurora from Iceland</a><br>
2011 November 13: <a href="ap111113.html">The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2011 November 12: <a href="ap111112.html">Sunspot Castle</a><br>
2011 November 11: <a href="ap111111.html">In the Arms of M83</a><br>
2011 November 10: <a href="ap111110.html">RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2011 November 09: <a href="ap111109.html">Asteroid 2005 YU55 Passes the Earth</a><br>
2011 November 08: <a href="ap111108.html">Jumping Sundogs Over Thunderclouds</a><br>
2011 November 07: <a href="ap111107.html">Star Forming Region S106</a><br>
2011 November 06: <a href="ap111106.html">Orange Sun Oozing</a><br>
2011 November 05: <a href="ap111105.html">GK Per: Nova of 1901</a><br>
2011 November 04: <a href="ap111104.html">Edge-on NGC 3628</a><br>
2011 November 03: <a href="ap111103.html">IC 59 and IC 63 in Cassiopeia</a><br>
2011 November 02: <a href="ap111102.html">NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula</a><br>
2011 November 01: <a href="ap111101.html">Hammer Versus Feather on the Moon</a><br>
2011 October 31: <a href="ap111031.html">Ghost of the Cepheus Flare</a><br>
2011 October 30: <a href="ap111030.html">White Rock Fingers on Mars</a><br>
2011 October 29: <a href="ap111029.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 from Hubble</a><br>
2011 October 28: <a href="ap111028.html">October Skylights</a><br>
2011 October 27: <a href="ap111027.html">Young Suns of NGC 7129</a><br>
2011 October 26: <a href="ap111026.html">In, Through, and Beyond Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2011 October 25: <a href="ap111025.html">IC 1805: The Heart Nebula in HDR</a><br>
2011 October 24: <a href="ap111024.html">HH 222: The Waterfall Nebula</a><br>
2011 October 23: <a href="ap111023.html">Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons</a><br>
2011 October 22: <a href="ap111022.html">Jupiter Near Opposition</a><br>
2011 October 21: <a href="ap111021.html">Clouds of Perseus</a><br>
2011 October 20: <a href="ap111020.html">Tails of Comet Garradd</a><br>
2011 October 19: <a href="ap111019.html">Draconid Meteors Over Spain</a><br>
2011 October 18: <a href="ap111018.html">Movie: Approaching Light Speed</a><br>
2011 October 17: <a href="ap111017.html">MACS 1206: A Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Len</a><br>
2011 October 16: <a href="ap111016.html">A Picturesque Venus Transit</a><br>
2011 October 15: <a href="ap111015.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2011 October 14: <a href="ap111014.html">MAGIC Star Trails</a><br>
2011 October 13: <a href="ap111013.html">The Color of IC 1795</a><br>
2011 October 12: <a href="ap111012.html">Saturn: Shadows of a Seasonal Sundial</a><br>
2011 October 11: <a href="ap111011.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2011 October 10: <a href="ap111010.html">A Strange Sunrise Over Argentina</a><br>
2011 October 09: <a href="ap111009.html">Nobels for a Strange Universe</a><br>
2011 October 08: <a href="ap111008.html">MESSENGER's First Day</a><br>
2011 October 07: <a href="ap111007.html">The Comet Hartley 2 Cruise</a><br>
2011 October 06: <a href="ap111006.html">M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind</a><br>
2011 October 05: <a href="ap111005.html">Comet and CME on the Sun</a><br>
2011 October 04: <a href="ap111004.html">QR Codes: Not for Human Eyes</a><br>
2011 October 03: <a href="ap111003.html">Dark Matter Movie from the Bolshoi Simulation</a><br>
2011 October 02: <a href="ap111002.html">Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event</a><br>
2011 October 01: <a href="ap111001.html">Asteroids Near Earth</a><br>
2011 September 30: <a href="ap110930.html">Cloudy Night of the Northern Lights</a><br>
2011 September 29: <a href="ap110929.html">Cocoon Nebula Wide Field</a><br>
2011 September 28: <a href="ap110928.html">Violent Sunspot Group AR 1302 Unleashes a Flare</a><br>
2011 September 27: <a href="ap110927.html">Flying over Planet Earth</a><br>
2011 September 26: <a href="ap110926.html">Dry Ice Pits on Mars</a><br>
2011 September 25: <a href="ap110925.html">A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun</a><br>
2011 September 24: <a href="ap110924.html">Mangaia's Milky Way</a><br>
2011 September 23: <a href="ap110923.html">September's Aurora</a><br>
2011 September 22: <a href="ap110922.html">Arp 272</a><br>
2011 September 21: <a href="ap110921.html">Pleiades Deep Field</a><br>
2011 September 20: <a href="ap110920.html">Kepler 16b: A Planet with Two Suns</a><br>
2011 September 19: <a href="ap110919.html">The South Pole of Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2011 September 18: <a href="ap110918.html">A Sharp View of the Sun</a><br>
2011 September 17: <a href="ap110917.html">Spitzer's Orion</a><br>
2011 September 16: <a href="ap110916.html">September's Harvest Moon</a><br>
2011 September 15: <a href="ap110915.html">NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble</a><br>
2011 September 14: <a href="ap110914.html">The Bubble and M52</a><br>
2011 September 13: <a href="ap110913.html">Great Orion Nebulae</a><br>
2011 September 12: <a href="ap110912.html">Tisdale 2 Rock Formation on Mars</a><br>
2011 September 11: <a href="ap110911.html">On the Origin of Gold</a><br>
2011 September 10: <a href="ap110910.html">Rollback from GRAIL's Rocket</a><br>
2011 September 09: <a href="ap110909.html">Comet Garradd and the Coat Hanger</a><br>
2011 September 08: <a href="ap110908.html">Apollo 17 Site: A Sharper View</a><br>
2011 September 07: <a href="ap110907.html">J102815: A Star That Should Not Exist</a><br>
2011 September 06: <a href="ap110906.html">M6: The Butterfly Cluster</a><br>
2011 September 05: <a href="ap110905.html">HH 47: A Young Star Jet Expands</a><br>
2011 September 04: <a href="ap110904.html">In the Shadow of Saturn</a><br>
2011 September 03: <a href="ap110903.html">Comet Garradd Passes Ten Thousand Stars</a><br>
2011 September 02: <a href="ap110902.html">Herschel Views the Milky Way</a><br>
2011 September 01: <a href="ap110901.html">M27: Not a Comet</a><br>
2011 August 31: <a href="ap110831.html">Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin</a><br>
2011 August 30: <a href="ap110830.html">The Coldest Brown Dwarf</a><br>
2011 August 29: <a href="ap110829.html">Hickson 44 in Leo</a><br>
2011 August 28: <a href="ap110828.html">A Jet from Galaxy M87</a><br>
2011 August 27: <a href="ap110827.html">Hurricane Irene Forms</a><br>
2011 August 26: <a href="ap110826.html">A Young Supernova in the Nearby Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br>
2011 August 25: <a href="ap110825.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2011 August 24: <a href="ap110824.html">A Pileus Iridescent Cloud Over Ethiopia</a><br>
2011 August 23: <a href="ap110823.html">Aurora Over Greenland</a><br>
2011 August 22: <a href="ap110822.html">TrES 2b: Dark Planet</a><br>
2011 August 21: <a href="ap110821.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2011 August 20: <a href="ap110820.html">Stereo Vesta</a><br>
2011 August 19: <a href="ap110819.html">Herschel's Cocoon</a><br>
2011 August 18: <a href="ap110818.html">A Sun Pillar Over Ontario</a><br>
2011 August 17: <a href="ap110817.html">Perseid Below</a><br>
2011 August 16: <a href="ap110816.html">Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2011 August 15: <a href="ap110815.html">Rover Arrives at Endeavour Crater on Mars</a><br>
2011 August 14: <a href="ap110814.html">Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas</a><br>
2011 August 13: <a href="ap110813.html">Castle and Meteor by Moonlight</a><br>
2011 August 12: <a href="ap110812.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2011 August 11: <a href="ap110811.html">The Snows of Paranal</a><br>
2011 August 10: <a href="ap110810.html">The Summer Triangle Over Catalonia</a><br>
2011 August 09: <a href="ap110809.html">Juno Rockets Toward Jupiter</a><br>
2011 August 08: <a href="ap110808.html">Seasonal Dark Streaks on Mars</a><br>
2011 August 07: <a href="ap110807.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2011 August 06: <a href="ap110806.html">Comet Garradd and Messier 15</a><br>
2011 August 05: <a href="ap110805.html">A Summer Night's Dream</a><br>
2011 August 04: <a href="ap110804.html">A Dusty Iris Nebula</a><br>
2011 August 03: <a href="ap110803.html">The Leo Triplet Galaxies from VST</a><br>
2011 August 02: <a href="ap110802.html">Asteroid Vesta Full Frame</a><br>
2011 August 01: <a href="ap110801.html">Shuttle Reentry Streak from Orbit</a><br>
2011 July 31: <a href="ap110731.html">Metal on the Plains of Mars</a><br>
2011 July 30: <a href="ap110730.html">A Tale of Two Hemispheres</a><br>
2011 July 29: <a href="ap110729.html">Gale Crater</a><br>
2011 July 28: <a href="ap110728.html">NGC 6188 and NGC 6164</a><br>
2011 July 27: <a href="ap110727.html">Introducing Comet Garradd</a><br>
2011 July 26: <a href="ap110726.html">Galaxy NGC 474: Cosmic Blender</a><br>
2011 July 25: <a href="ap110725.html">Milky Way Over Abandoned Kilns</a><br>
2011 July 24: <a href="ap110724.html">A Flight of Helios</a><br>
2011 July 23: <a href="ap110723.html">NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis</a><br>
2011 July 22: <a href="ap110722.html">Pluto's P4</a><br>
2011 July 21: <a href="ap110721.html">Atlantis Farewell from Parkes</a><br>
2011 July 20: <a href="ap110720.html">Noctilucent Clouds Over Edmonton</a><br>
2011 July 19: <a href="ap110719.html">Vesta Vista</a><br>
2011 July 18: <a href="ap110718.html">A Busy Space Walk at the Space Station</a><br>
2011 July 17: <a href="ap110717.html">Lewin's Challenge: 360 Degree Star Trails</a><br>
2011 July 16: <a href="ap110716.html">Starry Night over Dubai</a><br>
2011 July 15: <a href="ap110715.html">NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap</a><br>
2011 July 14: <a href="ap110714.html">Neptune: Once Around</a><br>
2011 July 13: <a href="ap110713.html">Atlantis Last Approach</a><br>
2011 July 12: <a href="ap110712.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2011 July 11: <a href="ap110711.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan</a><br>
2011 July 10: <a href="ap110710.html">A Milky Way Band</a><br>
2011 July 09: <a href="ap110709.html">Atlantis Reflection</a><br>
2011 July 08: <a href="ap110708.html">Saturn Storm Panoramas</a><br>
2011 July 07: <a href="ap110707.html">Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries</a><br>
2011 July 06: <a href="ap110706.html">Sunrise at Tycho</a><br>
2011 July 05: <a href="ap110705.html">A Triangular Shadow of a Large Volcano</a><br>
2011 July 04: <a href="ap110704.html">Southern Ocean Sky</a><br>
2011 July 03: <a href="ap110703.html">Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System</a><br>
2011 July 02: <a href="ap110702.html">Moon and Venus at Dawn</a><br>
2011 July 01: <a href="ap110701.html">VAR!</a><br>
2011 June 30: <a href="ap110630.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2011 June 29: <a href="ap110629.html">Abell 2744: Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2011 June 28: <a href="ap110628.html">Stardust and Betelgeuse</a><br>
2011 June 27: <a href="ap110627.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2011 June 26: <a href="ap110626.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2011 June 25: <a href="ap110625.html">Eclipse over the Acropolis</a><br>
2011 June 24: <a href="ap110624.html">The Big Dipper</a><br>
2011 June 23: <a href="ap110623.html">Stereo Helene</a><br>
2011 June 22: <a href="ap110622.html">MESSENGER's Degas View</a><br>
2011 June 21: <a href="ap110621.html">Eclipsed Moonlight</a><br>
2011 June 20: <a href="ap110620.html">Last Roll Out of a NASA Space Shuttle</a><br>
2011 June 19: <a href="ap110619.html">The Regolith of Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2011 June 18: <a href="ap110618.html">Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats</a><br>
2011 June 17: <a href="ap110617.html">Eclipsed Moon in the Milky Way</a><br>
2011 June 16: <a href="ap110616.html">Mercury's Surface in Exaggerated Color</a><br>
2011 June 15: <a href="ap110615.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2011 June 14: <a href="ap110614.html">The Universe Nearby</a><br>
2011 June 13: <a href="ap110613.html">Views from Cassini at Saturn</a><br>
2011 June 12: <a href="ap110612.html">M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy</a><br>
2011 June 11: <a href="ap110611.html">Supernovae in the Whirlpool</a><br>
2011 June 10: <a href="ap110610.html">The Sun Unleashed</a><br>
2011 June 09: <a href="ap110609.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2011 June 08: <a href="ap110608.html">Space Shuttle and Space Station Photographed Together</a><br>
2011 June 07: <a href="ap110607.html">A Last Landing for Space Shuttle Endeavour</a><br>
2011 June 06: <a href="ap110606.html">Geometer's Playground Over Wyoming</a><br>
2011 June 05: <a href="ap110605.html">Another Nearby Supernova in the Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2011 June 04: <a href="ap110604.html">Dawn's Grande Finale</a><br>
2011 June 03: <a href="ap110603.html">Midnight's Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2011 June 02: <a href="ap110602.html">Endeavour's Starry Night</a><br>
2011 June 01: <a href="ap110601.html">Earth Rotating Under Very Large Telescopes</a><br>
2011 May 31: <a href="ap110531.html">Jets from Unusual Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2011 May 30: <a href="ap110530.html">The Last Panorama of the Spirit Rover on Mars</a><br>
2011 May 29: <a href="ap110529.html">Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning</a><br>
2011 May 28: <a href="ap110528.html">The Mileage of Light</a><br>
2011 May 27: <a href="ap110527.html">Messier Marathon</a><br>
2011 May 26: <a href="ap110526.html">Supernova Sonata</a><br>
2011 May 25: <a href="ap110525.html">Space Shuttle Rising</a><br>
2011 May 24: <a href="ap110524.html">Three Arches Above Utah</a><br>
2011 May 23: <a href="ap110523.html">An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula</a><br>
2011 May 22: <a href="ap110522.html">Io: The Prometheus Plume</a><br>
2011 May 21: <a href="ap110521.html">Planets, Endeavour at Dawn</a><br>
2011 May 20: <a href="ap110520.html">A Journey Through the Night Sky</a><br>
2011 May 19: <a href="ap110519.html">NGC 253: Close Up</a><br>
2011 May 18: <a href="ap110518.html">The Last Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour</a><br>
2011 May 17: <a href="ap110517.html">A Starry Night of Iceland</a><br>
2011 May 16: <a href="ap110516.html">Time Lapse Clouds and Sky Over the Canary Islands</a><br>
2011 May 15: <a href="ap110515.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from Hubble</a><br>
2011 May 14: <a href="ap110514.html">The Little Dipper</a><br>
2011 May 13: <a href="ap110513.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2011 May 12: <a href="ap110512.html">Enceladus Looms</a><br>
2011 May 11: <a href="ap110511.html">The Southern Cliff in the Lagoon</a><br>
2011 May 10: <a href="ap110510.html">Gravity Probe B Confirms the Existence of Gravitomagnetism</a><br>
2011 May 09: <a href="ap110509.html">Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes</a><br>
2011 May 08: <a href="ap110508.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2011 May 07: <a href="ap110507.html">Dawn of the Planets</a><br>
2011 May 06: <a href="ap110506.html">Farther Along</a><br>
2011 May 05: <a href="ap110505.html">50 Years Ago: Freedom 7 Flies</a><br>
2011 May 04: <a href="ap110504.html">Celestial Trails over Greece</a><br>
2011 May 03: <a href="ap110503.html">Globular Cluster M15 from Hubble</a><br>
2011 May 02: <a href="ap110502.html">Jupiter's Great Red Spot from Voyager 1</a><br>
2011 May 01: <a href="ap110501.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 163</a><br>
2011 April 30: <a href="ap110430.html">Tycho's Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2011 April 29: <a href="ap110429.html">The Antennae</a><br>
2011 April 28: <a href="ap110428.html">Scintillating</a><br>
2011 April 27: <a href="ap110427.html">The Dark Tower in Scorpius</a><br>
2011 April 26: <a href="ap110426.html">Hydrogen in the LMC</a><br>
2011 April 25: <a href="ap110425.html">Monsters of IC 1396</a><br>
2011 April 24: <a href="ap110424.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2011 April 23: <a href="ap110423.html">Shadows at the Lunar South Pole</a><br>
2011 April 22: <a href="ap110422.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
2011 April 21: <a href="ap110421.html">Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273</a><br>
2011 April 20: <a href="ap110420.html">Rio Morning Moonset</a><br>
2011 April 19: <a href="ap110419.html">The GRB 110328A Symphony</a><br>
2011 April 18: <a href="ap110418.html">Visual Effects: Wonders of the Universe</a><br>
2011 April 17: <a href="ap110417.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2011 April 16: <a href="ap110416.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2011 April 15: <a href="ap110415.html">Messier 101</a><br>
2011 April 14: <a href="ap110414.html">Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud</a><br>
2011 April 13: <a href="ap110413.html">Centaurus Radio Jets Rising</a><br>
2011 April 12: <a href="ap110412.html">50 Years Ago: Yuri's Planet</a><br>
2011 April 11: <a href="ap110411.html">Otherworldly Planet Rise</a><br>
2011 April 10: <a href="ap110410.html">Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2011 April 09: <a href="ap110409.html">Lunar Farside</a><br>
2011 April 08: <a href="ap110408.html">Echoes from the Depths of a Red Giant Star</a><br>
2011 April 07: <a href="ap110407.html">Planetary Nebula NGC 2438</a><br>
2011 April 06: <a href="ap110406.html">M74: The Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2011 April 05: <a href="ap110405.html">The Milky Way Over Tenerife</a><br>
2011 April 04: <a href="ap110404.html">Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System</a><br>
2011 April 03: <a href="ap110403.html">Giant Galaxy NGC 6872</a><br>
2011 April 02: <a href="ap110402.html">Endeavour Looking Up</a><br>
2011 April 01: <a href="ap110401.html">It's Raining on Titan</a><br>
2011 March 31: <a href="ap110331.html">MESSENGER at Mercury</a><br>
2011 March 30: <a href="ap110330.html">NGC 5584: Expanding the Universe</a><br>
2011 March 29: <a href="ap110329.html">Kepler's Suns and Planets</a><br>
2011 March 28: <a href="ap110328.html">Time Lapse Auroras Over Norway</a><br>
2011 March 27: <a href="ap110327.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2011 March 26: <a href="ap110326.html">T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula</a><br>
2011 March 25: <a href="ap110325.html">Auroral Substorm over Yellowknife</a><br>
2011 March 24: <a href="ap110324.html">Boston Moonrise</a><br>
2011 March 23: <a href="ap110323.html">MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula</a><br>
2011 March 22: <a href="ap110322.html">NGC 6384: Spiral Beyond the Stars</a><br>
2011 March 21: <a href="ap110321.html">The CMB Cold Spot</a><br>
2011 March 20: <a href="ap110320.html">Parthenon Moon</a><br>
2011 March 19: <a href="ap110319.html">Messier 106</a><br>
2011 March 18: <a href="ap110318.html">Mercury and Jupiter at Sunset</a><br>
2011 March 17: <a href="ap110317.html">Saturn's Serpent Storm</a><br>
2011 March 16: <a href="ap110316.html">Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628</a><br>
2011 March 15: <a href="ap110315.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2011 March 14: <a href="ap110314.html">Spacecrafts Streak Over Colorado</a><br>
2011 March 13: <a href="ap110313.html">A Mars Panorama from the Phoenix Lander</a><br>
2011 March 12: <a href="ap110312.html">Mare Orientale</a><br>
2011 March 11: <a href="ap110311.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2011 March 10: <a href="ap110310.html">Discovery in Twilight</a><br>
2011 March 09: <a href="ap110309.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2011 March 08: <a href="ap110308.html">Titan, Rings, and Saturn from Cassini</a><br>
2011 March 07: <a href="ap110307.html">A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO</a><br>
2011 March 06: <a href="ap110306.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
2011 March 05: <a href="ap110305.html">Cooling Neutron Star</a><br>
2011 March 04: <a href="ap110304.html">NGC 6914 Nebulae</a><br>
2011 March 03: <a href="ap110303.html">Lunar Nearside</a><br>
2011 March 02: <a href="ap110302.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2011 March 01: <a href="ap110301.html">Discovery Visits the Space Station</a><br>
2011 February 28: <a href="ap110228.html">Red Snow Moon over Edmonton</a><br>
2011 February 27: <a href="ap110227.html">Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2011 February 26: <a href="ap110226.html">Shell Galaxies in Pisces</a><br>
2011 February 25: <a href="ap110225.html">NGC 4449: Close up of a Small Galaxy</a><br>
2011 February 24: <a href="ap110224.html">NGC 1999: South of Orion</a><br>
2011 February 23: <a href="ap110223.html">The Solar System from MESSENGER</a><br>
2011 February 22: <a href="ap110222.html">Star Size Comparisons</a><br>
2011 February 21: <a href="ap110221.html">Milky Way Over Switzerland</a><br>
2011 February 20: <a href="ap110220.html">Mammatus Clouds Over Olympic Valley</a><br>
2011 February 19: <a href="ap110219.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841 Close Up</a><br>
2011 February 18: <a href="ap110218.html">Planetary Nebula Project</a><br>
2011 February 17: <a href="ap110217.html">X-Class Flare</a><br>
2011 February 16: <a href="ap110216.html">Comet Tempel 1 from Stardust NeXT Spacecraft</a><br>
2011 February 15: <a href="ap110215.html">The North America Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2011 February 14: <a href="ap110214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2011 February 13: <a href="ap110213.html">Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos</a><br>
2011 February 12: <a href="ap110212.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2011 February 11: <a href="ap110211.html">Star Colors in Orion</a><br>
2011 February 10: <a href="ap110210.html">Hanny's Voorwerp</a><br>
2011 February 09: <a href="ap110209.html">NGC 2174: Stars Versus Mountains</a><br>
2011 February 08: <a href="ap110208.html">Iridescent Clouds from the Top of the World Highway</a><br>
2011 February 07: <a href="ap110207.html">Sun 360: STEREO Captures Views of the Entire Sun</a><br>
2011 February 06: <a href="ap110206.html">An Anomalous SETI Signal</a><br>
2011 February 05: <a href="ap110205.html">Apollo 14: A View from Antares</a><br>
2011 February 04: <a href="ap110204.html">Zeta Oph: Runaway Star</a><br>
2011 February 03: <a href="ap110203.html">Six Worlds for Kepler-11</a><br>
2011 February 02: <a href="ap110202.html">Moon and Venus over Switzerland</a><br>
2011 February 01: <a href="ap110201.html">Powers of Ten</a><br>
2011 January 31: <a href="ap110131.html">Japan's Kounotori2 Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station</a><br>
2011 January 30: <a href="ap110130.html">Gibbous Europa</a><br>
2011 January 29: <a href="ap110129.html">Opportunity at Santa Maria Crater</a><br>
2011 January 28: <a href="ap110128.html">NanoSail-D</a><br>
2011 January 27: <a href="ap110127.html">Hidden Treasures of M78</a><br>
2011 January 26: <a href="ap110126.html">The Whirlpool Galaxy in Infrared Dust</a><br>
2011 January 25: <a href="ap110125.html">The Rippled Red Ribbons of SNR 0509</a><br>
2011 January 24: <a href="ap110124.html">Phobos South Pole from Mars Express</a><br>
2011 January 23: <a href="ap110123.html">Peekskill Fireball Video: Johnstown</a><br>
2011 January 22: <a href="ap110122.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660</a><br>
2011 January 21: <a href="ap110121.html">Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka</a><br>
2011 January 20: <a href="ap110120.html">The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda</a><br>
2011 January 19: <a href="ap110119.html">Saturn Storm</a><br>
2011 January 18: <a href="ap110118.html">Kona Galaxy Garden</a><br>
2011 January 17: <a href="ap110117.html">Night and Day above Almost Planet Sounio</a><br>
2011 January 16: <a href="ap110116.html">Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc</a><br>
2011 January 15: <a href="ap110115.html">A Total Eclipse at the End of the World</a><br>
2011 January 14: <a href="ap110114.html">Quadrantids over Qumis</a><br>
2011 January 13: <a href="ap110113.html">NGC 3521 Close Up</a><br>
2011 January 12: <a href="ap110112.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2011 January 11: <a href="ap110111.html">The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2011 January 10: <a href="ap110110.html">A Sun Halo Beyond Stockholm</a><br>
2011 January 09: <a href="ap110109.html">The Antikythera Mechanism</a><br>
2011 January 08: <a href="ap110108.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2011 January 07: <a href="ap110107.html">Sunset, Moonset</a><br>
2011 January 06: <a href="ap110106.html">Sunrise, Moonrise</a><br>
2011 January 05: <a href="ap110105.html">Eclipsing the Sun</a><br>
2011 January 04: <a href="ap110104.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
2011 January 03: <a href="ap110103.html">Winter Hexagon Over Stagecoach Colorado</a><br>
2011 January 02: <a href="ap110102.html">Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth</a><br>
2011 January 01: <a href="ap110101.html">Fireworks Galaxy NGC 6946</a><br>
2010 December 31: <a href="ap101231.html">Analemma 2010</a><br>
2010 December 30: <a href="ap101230.html">Still Life with NGC 2170</a><br>
2010 December 29: <a href="ap101229.html">Eclipse at Moonset</a><br>
2010 December 28: <a href="ap101228.html">Skylights Over Libya</a><br>
2010 December 27: <a href="ap101227.html">One Million Galaxies</a><br>
2010 December 26: <a href="ap101226.html">Sideways Orion Over Snowy Ireland</a><br>
2010 December 25: <a href="ap101225.html">Decorating the Sky</a><br>
2010 December 24: <a href="ap101224.html">Star Trails in the North</a><br>
2010 December 23: <a href="ap101223.html">The Solstice Moon's Eclipse</a><br>
2010 December 22: <a href="ap101222.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342</a><br>
2010 December 21: <a href="ap101221.html">Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky</a><br>
2010 December 20: <a href="ap101220.html">A Lunar Eclipse on Solstice Day</a><br>
2010 December 19: <a href="ap101219.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2010 December 18: <a href="ap101218.html">North America and the Pelican</a><br>
2010 December 17: <a href="ap101217.html">A Meteor Moment</a><br>
2010 December 16: <a href="ap101216.html">Geminids over Kitt Peak</a><br>
2010 December 15: <a href="ap101215.html">A Huge Solar Filament Erupts</a><br>
2010 December 14: <a href="ap101214.html">Launch of a Delta IV Heavy</a><br>
2010 December 13: <a href="ap101213.html">Contemplating the Sky</a><br>
2010 December 12: <a href="ap101212.html">Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita</a><br>
2010 December 11: <a href="ap101211.html">Meteor in the Desert Sky</a><br>
2010 December 10: <a href="ap101210.html">A Twilight Occultation</a><br>
2010 December 09: <a href="ap101209.html">M81 and Arp's Loop</a><br>
2010 December 08: <a href="ap101208.html">Intrepid Crater on Mars</a><br>
2010 December 07: <a href="ap101207.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
2010 December 06: <a href="ap101206.html">Mono Lake: Home to the Strange Microbe GFAJ 1</a><br>
2010 December 05: <a href="ap101205.html">Moonrise Through Mauna Keas Shadow</a><br>
2010 December 04: <a href="ap101204.html">Sunset at the Spiral Jetty</a><br>
2010 December 03: <a href="ap101203.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2010 December 02: <a href="ap101202.html">Hartley 2 Star Cluster Tour</a><br>
2010 December 01: <a href="ap101201.html">Martian Moon Phobos from Mars Express</a><br>
2010 November 30: <a href="ap101130.html">A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana</a><br>
2010 November 29: <a href="ap101129.html">Dark Belt Reappearing on Jupiter</a><br>
2010 November 28: <a href="ap101128.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado</a><br>
2010 November 27: <a href="ap101127.html">Star Streams of NGC 4216</a><br>
2010 November 26: <a href="ap101126.html">Flame Nebula Close-Up</a><br>
2010 November 25: <a href="ap101125.html">Stardust in Aries</a><br>
2010 November 24: <a href="ap101124.html">Flowing Auroras Over Norway</a><br>
2010 November 23: <a href="ap101123.html">Gas and Snow Jets from Comet Hartley 2</a><br>
2010 November 22: <a href="ap101122.html">A Dark Dune Field in Proctor Crater on Mars</a><br>
2010 November 21: <a href="ap101121.html">A Massive Star in NGC 6357</a><br>
2010 November 20: <a href="ap101120.html">Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
2010 November 19: <a href="ap101119.html">Nebulae in the Northern Cross</a><br>
2010 November 18: <a href="ap101118.html">Sisters of the Dusty Sky</a><br>
2010 November 17: <a href="ap101117.html">Frosted Leaf Orion</a><br>
2010 November 16: <a href="ap101116.html">Atoms for Peace Galaxy Collision</a><br>
2010 November 15: <a href="ap101115.html">Home from Above</a><br>
2010 November 14: <a href="ap101114.html">Multiverses: Do Other Universes Exist?</a><br>
2010 November 13: <a href="ap101113.html">Spiral Galaxy M66</a><br>
2010 November 12: <a href="ap101112.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2010 November 11: <a href="ap101111.html">Two Views, Two Crescents</a><br>
2010 November 10: <a href="ap101110.html">Huge Gamma Ray Bubbles Found Around Milky Way</a><br>
2010 November 09: <a href="ap101109.html">NGC 4452: An Extremely Thin Galaxy</a><br>
2010 November 08: <a href="ap101108.html">700 Kilometers Below Comet Hartley 2</a><br>
2010 November 07: <a href="ap101107.html">The Center of Centaurus A</a><br>
2010 November 06: <a href="ap101106.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2010 November 05: <a href="ap101105.html">Comet Hartley 2 Flyby</a><br>
2010 November 04: <a href="ap101104.html">Night Lights</a><br>
2010 November 03: <a href="ap101103.html">The Necklace Nebula</a><br>
2010 November 02: <a href="ap101102.html">Spicules: Jets on the Sun</a><br>
2010 November 01: <a href="ap101101.html">The Milky Way Over the Peak of the Furnace</a><br>
2010 October 31: <a href="ap101031.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2010 October 30: <a href="ap101030.html">Ghost of the Cepheus Flare</a><br>
2010 October 29: <a href="ap101029.html">Star Trails and the Captain's Ghost</a><br>
2010 October 28: <a href="ap101028.html">Mirach's Ghost</a><br>
2010 October 27: <a href="ap101027.html">Ultraviolet Andromeda</a><br>
2010 October 26: <a href="ap101026.html">Comet Hartley Passes a Double Star Cluster</a><br>
2010 October 25: <a href="ap101025.html">Water Ice Detected Beneath Moons Surface</a><br>
2010 October 24: <a href="ap101024.html">A Bucket Wheel Excavator on Earth</a><br>
2010 October 23: <a href="ap101023.html">Orion: Head to Toe</a><br>
2010 October 22: <a href="ap101022.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2010 October 21: <a href="ap101021.html">Methuselah Nebula MWP1</a><br>
2010 October 20: <a href="ap101020.html">Venus Just After Sunset</a><br>
2010 October 19: <a href="ap101019.html">Prometheus Rising Through Saturns F Ring</a><br>
2010 October 18: <a href="ap101018.html">It Came from the Sun</a><br>
2010 October 17: <a href="ap101017.html">NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2010 October 16: <a href="ap101016.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2010 October 15: <a href="ap101015.html">Vista with NGC 2170</a><br>
2010 October 14: <a href="ap101014.html">Clusters, Hartley, and the Heart</a><br>
2010 October 13: <a href="ap101013.html">Science Museum Hubble</a><br>
2010 October 12: <a href="ap101012.html">Saturn: Light, Dark, and Strange</a><br>
2010 October 11: <a href="ap101011.html">NGC 2683: Spiral Edge On</a><br>
2010 October 10: <a href="ap101010.html">Moonquakes Surprisingly Common</a><br>
2010 October 09: <a href="ap101009.html">Globular Star Cluster NGC 6934</a><br>
2010 October 08: <a href="ap101008.html">Two Planet Opposition</a><br>
2010 October 07: <a href="ap101007.html">Pacman and Hartley</a><br>
2010 October 06: <a href="ap101006.html">Aurora Over Alaska</a><br>
2010 October 05: <a href="ap101005.html">Horsehead and Orion Nebulas</a><br>
2010 October 04: <a href="ap101004.html">Rolling Across the Rocky Plains of Mars</a><br>
2010 October 03: <a href="ap101003.html">Io in True Color</a><br>
2010 October 02: <a href="ap101002.html">Hubble's Lagoon</a><br>
2010 October 01: <a href="ap101001.html">Zarmina's World</a><br>
2010 September 30: <a href="ap100930.html">Coreshine from a Dark Cloud</a><br>
2010 September 29: <a href="ap100929.html">An Airplane in Front of the Moon</a><br>
2010 September 28: <a href="ap100928.html">Venus South Polar Vortex</a><br>
2010 September 27: <a href="ap100927.html">The Dancing Auroras of Saturn</a><br>
2010 September 26: <a href="ap100926.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpoles Tidal Tail</a><br>
2010 September 25: <a href="ap100925.html">Melotte 15 in the Heart</a><br>
2010 September 24: <a href="ap100924.html">Equinox and the Harvest Moon</a><br>
2010 September 23: <a href="ap100923.html">Equinox and the Iron Sun</a><br>
2010 September 22: <a href="ap100922.html">Discovery Rollout Shadow</a><br>
2010 September 21: <a href="ap100921.html">Starry Night Over the Rhone</a><br>
2010 September 20: <a href="ap100920.html">Aurora Over Norway</a><br>
2010 September 19: <a href="ap100919.html">Dark Clouds of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2010 September 18: <a href="ap100918.html">Opposite the Sun</a><br>
2010 September 17: <a href="ap100917.html">Northern Lights over Prelude Lake</a><br>
2010 September 16: <a href="ap100916.html">The Veil Nebula</a><br>
2010 September 15: <a href="ap100915.html">Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus</a><br>
2010 September 14: <a href="ap100914.html">An Extraordinary Spiral from LL Pegasi</a><br>
2010 September 13: <a href="ap100913.html">Zodiacal Light Over Namibia</a><br>
2010 September 12: <a href="ap100912.html">Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors</a><br>
2010 September 11: <a href="ap100911.html">Star Streams and the Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2010 September 10: <a href="ap100910.html">Vela Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2010 September 09: <a href="ap100909.html">Cepheus: Trunk to Bubble</a><br>
2010 September 08: <a href="ap100908.html">NGC 4911: Spiral Diving into a Dense Cluster</a><br>
2010 September 07: <a href="ap100907.html">Space Shuttle Tribute Poster: Endeavour</a><br>
2010 September 06: <a href="ap100906.html">A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2010 September 05: <a href="ap100905.html">GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole</a><br>
2010 September 04: <a href="ap100904.html">Young Suns of NGC 7129</a><br>
2010 September 03: <a href="ap100903.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2010 September 02: <a href="ap100902.html">The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2010 September 01: <a href="ap100901.html">Earth and Moon from MESSENGER</a><br>
2010 August 31: <a href="ap100831.html">The Annotated Galactic Center</a><br>
2010 August 30: <a href="ap100830.html">Comanche Outcrop on Mars Indicates Hospitable Past</a><br>
2010 August 29: <a href="ap100829.html">The Local Fluff</a><br>
2010 August 28: <a href="ap100828.html">Hole in the Sun</a><br>
2010 August 27: <a href="ap100827.html">Brighter Than Mars</a><br>
2010 August 26: <a href="ap100826.html">M27: Not a Comet</a><br>
2010 August 25: <a href="ap100825.html">HD 10180: Richest Yet Planetary System Discovered</a><br>
2010 August 24: <a href="ap100824.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Magnifies the Dark Universe</a><br>
2010 August 23: <a href="ap100823.html">A Milky Way Shadow at Loch Ard Gorge</a><br>
2010 August 22: <a href="ap100822.html">Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2010 August 21: <a href="ap100821.html">Perseid Storm</a><br>
2010 August 20: <a href="ap100820.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2010 August 19: <a href="ap100819.html">Pelican Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2010 August 18: <a href="ap100818.html">Crescent Moon and Planets Over Portugal</a><br>
2010 August 17: <a href="ap100817.html">NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars</a><br>
2010 August 16: <a href="ap100816.html">Meteors Over Quebec</a><br>
2010 August 15: <a href="ap100815.html">Layered Hills in Arabia Terra on Mars</a><br>
2010 August 14: <a href="ap100814.html">Night of the Perseids</a><br>
2010 August 13: <a href="ap100813.html">Arp 286: Trio in Virgo</a><br>
2010 August 12: <a href="ap100812.html">Perseid Prelude</a><br>
2010 August 11: <a href="ap100811.html">Crepuscular Rays Over Lake Michigan</a><br>
2010 August 10: <a href="ap100810.html">The Sand Dunes of Titan</a><br>
2010 August 09: <a href="ap100809.html">IRAS 05437 2502: An Enigmatic Star Cloud from Hubble</a><br>
2010 August 08: <a href="ap100808.html">Two Hours Before Neptune</a><br>
2010 August 07: <a href="ap100807.html">Rainbow at Sunset</a><br>
2010 August 06: <a href="ap100806.html">The Not So Quiet Sun</a><br>
2010 August 05: <a href="ap100805.html">M8: The Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2010 August 04: <a href="ap100804.html">Eclipse Shadow Cone Over Patagonia</a><br>
2010 August 03: <a href="ap100803.html">The Planet and the Radio Dish</a><br>
2010 August 02: <a href="ap100802.html">Prometheus Creating Saturn Ring Streamers</a><br>
2010 August 01: <a href="ap100801.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2010 July 31: <a href="ap100731.html">Four Planet Sunset</a><br>
2010 July 30: <a href="ap100730.html">Eclipse on the Beach</a><br>
2010 July 29: <a href="ap100729.html">Sunset, Shadowrise</a><br>
2010 July 28: <a href="ap100728.html">The Trifid Nebula is Stars and Dust</a><br>
2010 July 27: <a href="ap100727.html">The Milky Way Over Bryce Canyon</a><br>
2010 July 26: <a href="ap100726.html">Lutetia: The Largest Asteroid Yet Visited</a><br>
2010 July 25: <a href="ap100725.html">Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth</a><br>
2010 July 24: <a href="ap100724.html">Diamond Ring and Shadow Bands</a><br>
2010 July 23: <a href="ap100723.html">Messier 76</a><br>
2010 July 22: <a href="ap100722.html">The Meteor of 1860</a><br>
2010 July 21: <a href="ap100721.html">The Crown of the Sun</a><br>
2010 July 20: <a href="ap100720.html">Lightning Over Athens</a><br>
2010 July 19: <a href="ap100719.html">Dark River Wide Field</a><br>
2010 July 18: <a href="ap100718.html">The Antennae Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2010 July 17: <a href="ap100717.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2010 July 16: <a href="ap100716.html">Shaping NGC 6188</a><br>
2010 July 15: <a href="ap100715.html">Andes Sunset Eclipse</a><br>
2010 July 14: <a href="ap100714.html">Easter Island Eclipse</a><br>
2010 July 13: <a href="ap100713.html">Mosaic: Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
2010 July 12: <a href="ap100712.html">Moons Beyond the Rings of Saturn</a><br>
2010 July 11: <a href="ap100711.html">Warped Sky: Star Trails Panorama</a><br>
2010 July 10: <a href="ap100710.html">Ecliptic New Zealand</a><br>
2010 July 09: <a href="ap100709.html">Microwave Milky Way</a><br>
2010 July 08: <a href="ap100708.html">Dim World, Dark Nebula</a><br>
2010 July 07: <a href="ap100707.html">Concept Plane: Supersonic Green Machine</a><br>
2010 July 06: <a href="ap100706.html">HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies</a><br>
2010 July 05: <a href="ap100705.html">The Milky Way Over Pulpit Rock</a><br>
2010 July 04: <a href="ap100704.html">Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star Confirmed</a><br>
2010 July 03: <a href="ap100703.html">A Giant Planet for Beta Pic</a><br>
2010 July 02: <a href="ap100702.html">Galaxies on a String</a><br>
2010 July 01: <a href="ap100701.html">Above Aurora Australis</a><br>
2010 June 30: <a href="ap100630.html">Fast Gas Bullet from Cosmic Blast N49</a><br>
2010 June 29: <a href="ap100629.html">Trees, Sky, Galactic Eye</a><br>
2010 June 28: <a href="ap100628.html">A Partial Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2010 June 27: <a href="ap100627.html">All the Colors of the Sun</a><br>
2010 June 26: <a href="ap100626.html">Young Star Cluster Westerlund 2</a><br>
2010 June 25: <a href="ap100625.html">The Starry Night of Alamut</a><br>
2010 June 24: <a href="ap100624.html">The Dark Tower in Scorpius</a><br>
2010 June 23: <a href="ap100623.html">Sunset from the International Space Station</a><br>
2010 June 22: <a href="ap100622.html">Islands of Four Mountains from Above</a><br>
2010 June 21: <a href="ap100621.html">Sunrise Solstice at Stonehenge</a><br>
2010 June 20: <a href="ap100620.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
2010 June 19: <a href="ap100619.html">Stereo Itokawa</a><br>
2010 June 18: <a href="ap100618.html">Star Trails and Tajinastes</a><br>
2010 June 17: <a href="ap100617.html">Comet McNaught Passes NGC 1245</a><br>
2010 June 16: <a href="ap100616.html">APOD is 15 Years Old Today</a><br>
2010 June 15: <a href="ap100615.html">Starry Night Scavenger Hunt</a><br>
2010 June 14: <a href="ap100614.html">The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2010 June 13: <a href="ap100613.html">Retrograde Mars</a><br>
2010 June 12: <a href="ap100612.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2010 June 11: <a href="ap100611.html">Hydrogen in M51</a><br>
2010 June 10: <a href="ap100610.html">Regulus and the Red Planet</a><br>
2010 June 09: <a href="ap100609.html">Orange Sun Simmering</a><br>
2010 June 08: <a href="ap100608.html">Falcon 9 Launches to Orbit</a><br>
2010 June 07: <a href="ap100607.html">Comet McNaught Becoming Visible to the Unaided Eye</a><br>
2010 June 06: <a href="ap100606.html">Lunokhod: Reflections on a Moon Robot</a><br>
2010 June 05: <a href="ap100605.html">Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2010 June 04: <a href="ap100604.html">Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2010 June 03: <a href="ap100603.html">Jupiter from the Stratosphere</a><br>
2010 June 02: <a href="ap100602.html">A Twisted Meteor Trail Over Tenerife</a><br>
2010 June 01: <a href="ap100601.html">WISE: Heart and Soul Nebulas in Infrared</a><br>
2010 May 31: <a href="ap100531.html">Moons and Rings Before Saturn</a><br>
2010 May 30: <a href="ap100530.html">The Galactic Center in Infrared from 2MASS</a><br>
2010 May 29: <a href="ap100529.html">Black Holes in Merging Galaxies</a><br>
2010 May 28: <a href="ap100528.html">Atlantis over Rhodes</a><br>
2010 May 27: <a href="ap100527.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2010 May 26: <a href="ap100526.html">Clouds and Stars over Cotopaxi Volcano in Ecuador</a><br>
2010 May 25: <a href="ap100525.html">Looking Back Across Mars</a><br>
2010 May 24: <a href="ap100524.html">Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field</a><br>
2010 May 23: <a href="ap100523.html">Station and Shuttle Transit the Sun</a><br>
2010 May 22: <a href="ap100522.html">Dark Filament of the Sun</a><br>
2010 May 21: <a href="ap100521.html">Calm, Crescent Moon, and Venus</a><br>
2010 May 20: <a href="ap100520.html">M87: Elliptical Galaxy with Jet</a><br>
2010 May 19: <a href="ap100519.html">Milky Way Over Ancient Ghost Panel</a><br>
2010 May 18: <a href="ap100518.html">Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2010 May 17: <a href="ap100517.html">Panorama of the Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2010 May 16: <a href="ap100516.html">Crescent Venus and Moon</a><br>
2010 May 15: <a href="ap100515.html">The Elusive Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2010 May 14: <a href="ap100514.html">Iguacu Starry Night</a><br>
2010 May 13: <a href="ap100513.html">The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2010 May 12: <a href="ap100512.html">M72: A Globular Cluster of Stars</a><br>
2010 May 11: <a href="ap100511.html">Herschel Crater on Mimas of Saturn</a><br>
2010 May 10: <a href="ap100510.html">Large Eruptive Prominence Imaged by SDO</a><br>
2010 May 09: <a href="ap100509.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2010 May 08: <a href="ap100508.html">Atlantis Lift Off</a><br>
2010 May 07: <a href="ap100507.html">The Antennae</a><br>
2010 May 06: <a href="ap100506.html">Northern and Southern Owls</a><br>
2010 May 05: <a href="ap100505.html">The Faces of Mars</a><br>
2010 May 04: <a href="ap100504.html">A Hall of Mountain Fogbows</a><br>
2010 May 03: <a href="ap100503.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3190 Almost Sideways</a><br>
2010 May 02: <a href="ap100502.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2010 May 01: <a href="ap100501.html">A Pulsar's Hand</a><br>
2010 April 30: <a href="ap100430.html">Mars in a Manger</a><br>
2010 April 29: <a href="ap100429.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxy NGC 4731</a><br>
2010 April 28: <a href="ap100428.html">Sunset on a Golden Sea</a><br>
2010 April 27: <a href="ap100427.html">The Bloop: A Mysterious Sound from the Deep Ocean</a><br>
2010 April 26: <a href="ap100426.html">Dust Pillar of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2010 April 25: <a href="ap100425.html">Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula</a><br>
2010 April 24: <a href="ap100424.html">NGC 1055: Galaxy in a Box</a><br>
2010 April 23: <a href="ap100423.html">SDO: The Extreme Ultraviolet Sun</a><br>
2010 April 22: <a href="ap100422.html">Venus, Mercury, and Moon</a><br>
2010 April 21: <a href="ap100421.html">Wide Angle: The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
2010 April 20: <a href="ap100420.html">Saturn's Moons Dione and Titan from Cassini</a><br>
2010 April 19: <a href="ap100419.html">Ash and Lightning Above an Icelandic Volcano</a><br>
2010 April 18: <a href="ap100418.html">Large Eruptive Prominence Imaged by STEREO</a><br>
2010 April 17: <a href="ap100417.html">Damage to Apollo 13</a><br>
2010 April 16: <a href="ap100416.html">Bright Points on the Quiet Sun</a><br>
2010 April 15: <a href="ap100415.html">NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy</a><br>
2010 April 14: <a href="ap100414.html">A Large Space Station Over Earth</a><br>
2010 April 13: <a href="ap100413.html">Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66 from Hubble</a><br>
2010 April 12: <a href="ap100412.html">Mercury and Venus Over Paris</a><br>
2010 April 11: <a href="ap100411.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2010 April 10: <a href="ap100410.html">Spitzer's Orion</a><br>
2010 April 09: <a href="ap100409.html">Discovery's Dawn</a><br>
2010 April 08: <a href="ap100408.html">Discovery's Cloud</a><br>
2010 April 07: <a href="ap100407.html">Venus and Mercury in the West</a><br>
2010 April 06: <a href="ap100406.html">A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2010 April 05: <a href="ap100405.html">Prometheus Remastered</a><br>
2010 April 04: <a href="ap100404.html">The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon</a><br>
2010 April 03: <a href="ap100403.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2010 April 02: <a href="ap100402.html">Serene Paraselene</a><br>
2010 April 01: <a href="ap100401.html">Evidence Mounts for Water on the Moon</a><br>
2010 March 31: <a href="ap100331.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2010 March 30: <a href="ap100330.html">Unusual Starburst Galaxy NGC 1313</a><br>
2010 March 29: <a href="ap100329.html">Moonset Over Pleasant Bay</a><br>
2010 March 28: <a href="ap100328.html">M16: Pillars of Creation</a><br>
2010 March 27: <a href="ap100327.html">Hesiodus Sunrise Ray</a><br>
2010 March 26: <a href="ap100326.html">Young Moon and Sister Stars</a><br>
2010 March 25: <a href="ap100325.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2010 March 24: <a href="ap100324.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82</a><br>
2010 March 23: <a href="ap100323.html">Reinvigorated Sun and Prominence</a><br>
2010 March 22: <a href="ap100322.html">The Nearby Milky Way in Cold Dust</a><br>
2010 March 21: <a href="ap100321.html">Equinox Plus 1</a><br>
2010 March 20: <a href="ap100320.html">Zodiacal Light Vs. Milky Way</a><br>
2010 March 19: <a href="ap100319.html">The Seagull and The Duck</a><br>
2010 March 18: <a href="ap100318.html">Fermi Catalogs the Gamma ray Sky</a><br>
2010 March 17: <a href="ap100317.html">Phobos from Mars Express</a><br>
2010 March 16: <a href="ap100316.html">Detailed View of a Solar Eclipse Corona</a><br>
2010 March 15: <a href="ap100315.html">Illuminated Cloud Trails Above Greece</a><br>
2010 March 14: <a href="ap100314.html">Binary Black Hole in 3C 75</a><br>
2010 March 13: <a href="ap100313.html">Centaurus A</a><br>
2010 March 12: <a href="ap100312.html">JWST: Mirrors and Masked Men</a><br>
2010 March 11: <a href="ap100311.html">Yukon Aurora with Star Trails</a><br>
2010 March 10: <a href="ap100310.html">Saturn's Moon Helene from Cassini</a><br>
2010 March 09: <a href="ap100309.html">Galaxies Beyond the Heart: Maffei 1 and 2</a><br>
2010 March 08: <a href="ap100308.html">Mars Over the Allalinhorn</a><br>
2010 March 07: <a href="ap100307.html">Spirit Rover at Engineering Flats on Mars</a><br>
2010 March 06: <a href="ap100306.html">Pillar at Sunset</a><br>
2010 March 05: <a href="ap100305.html">Deep Auriga</a><br>
2010 March 04: <a href="ap100304.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge</a><br>
2010 March 03: <a href="ap100303.html">The International Space Station from Above</a><br>
2010 March 02: <a href="ap100302.html">M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds in Orion</a><br>
2010 March 01: <a href="ap100301.html">Slope Streaks in Acheron Fossae on Mars</a><br>
2010 February 28: <a href="ap100228.html">Pauli Exclusion Principle: Why You Don't Implode</a><br>
2010 February 27: <a href="ap100227.html">Dawn's Endeavour</a><br>
2010 February 26: <a href="ap100226.html">Chasing Carina</a><br>
2010 February 25: <a href="ap100225.html">Edge-on Spiral Galaxy NGC 891</a><br>
2010 February 24: <a href="ap100224.html">Astronaut Installs Panoramic Space Window</a><br>
2010 February 23: <a href="ap100223.html">Exceptional Rocket Waves Destroy Sun Dog</a><br>
2010 February 22: <a href="ap100222.html">Galaxy Group Hickson 31</a><br>
2010 February 21: <a href="ap100221.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2010 February 20: <a href="ap100220.html">Geostationary Highway</a><br>
2010 February 19: <a href="ap100219.html">WISE Infrared Andromeda</a><br>
2010 February 18: <a href="ap100218.html">Vesta Near Opposition</a><br>
2010 February 17: <a href="ap100217.html">An Unusually Smooth Surface on Saturn's Calypso</a><br>
2010 February 16: <a href="ap100216.html">Dark Shuttle Approaching</a><br>
2010 February 15: <a href="ap100215.html">Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane</a><br>
2010 February 14: <a href="ap100214.html">Field of Rosette</a><br>
2010 February 13: <a href="ap100213.html">Waterway to Orbit</a><br>
2010 February 12: <a href="ap100212.html">Teide Sky Trails</a><br>
2010 February 11: <a href="ap100211.html">Star Cluster M34</a><br>
2010 February 10: <a href="ap100210.html">Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning</a><br>
2010 February 09: <a href="ap100209.html">Night Launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour</a><br>
2010 February 08: <a href="ap100208.html">A Sun Halo Over Cambodia</a><br>
2010 February 07: <a href="ap100207.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2010 February 06: <a href="ap100206.html">Hong Kong Sky</a><br>
2010 February 05: <a href="ap100205.html">Dust Storm on Mars</a><br>
2010 February 04: <a href="ap100204.html">Stardust in Perseus</a><br>
2010 February 03: <a href="ap100203.html">P2010 A2: Unusual Asteroid Tail Implies Powerful Collision</a><br>
2010 February 02: <a href="ap100202.html">Mars and a Colorful Lunar Fog Bow</a><br>
2010 February 01: <a href="ap100201.html">Shepherd Moon Prometheus from Cassini</a><br>
2010 January 31: <a href="ap100131.html">The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript</a><br>
2010 January 30: <a href="ap100130.html">Messier 88</a><br>
2010 January 29: <a href="ap100129.html">Mars Opposition 2010</a><br>
2010 January 28: <a href="ap100128.html">Kemble's Cascade</a><br>
2010 January 27: <a href="ap100127.html">Tethys Behind Titan</a><br>
2010 January 26: <a href="ap100126.html">Annular Eclipse Over Myanmar</a><br>
2010 January 25: <a href="ap100125.html">The Magellanic Stream</a><br>
2010 January 24: <a href="ap100124.html">Watch Jupiter Rotate</a><br>
2010 January 23: <a href="ap100123.html">Eclipses in the Shade</a><br>
2010 January 22: <a href="ap100122.html">Millennium Annular Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2010 January 21: <a href="ap100121.html">Dust and the NGC 7771 Group</a><br>
2010 January 20: <a href="ap100120.html">The Known Universe</a><br>
2010 January 19: <a href="ap100119.html">Dark Sand Cascades on Mars</a><br>
2010 January 18: <a href="ap100118.html">Eclipse over the Temple of Poseidon</a><br>
2010 January 17: <a href="ap100117.html">Atlantis to Orbit</a><br>
2010 January 16: <a href="ap100116.html">New Year Sun Grazer</a><br>
2010 January 15: <a href="ap100115.html">Scenes from Two Hemispheres</a><br>
2010 January 14: <a href="ap100114.html">M94: A New Perspective</a><br>
2010 January 13: <a href="ap100113.html">The Spider and the Fly</a><br>
2010 January 12: <a href="ap100112.html">The Flame Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2010 January 11: <a href="ap100111.html">The Astronaut Who Captured a Satellite</a><br>
2010 January 10: <a href="ap100110.html">A Spherule from the Earth's Moon</a><br>
2010 January 09: <a href="ap100109.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2010 January 08: <a href="ap100108.html">The Mystery of the Fading Star</a><br>
2010 January 07: <a href="ap100107.html">The Tail of the Small Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2010 January 06: <a href="ap100106.html">The Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse</a><br>
2010 January 05: <a href="ap100105.html">A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay</a><br>
2010 January 04: <a href="ap100104.html">Comet Halley's Nucleus: An Orbiting Iceberg</a><br>
2010 January 03: <a href="ap100103.html">A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect</a><br>
2010 January 02: <a href="ap100102.html">Blue Moon Eclipse</a><br>
2010 January 01: <a href="ap100101.html">Not a Blue Moon</a><br>
2009 December 31: <a href="ap091231.html">Dust and the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2009 December 30: <a href="ap091230.html">Spitzer's M101</a><br>
2009 December 29: <a href="ap091229.html">Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2009 December 28: <a href="ap091228.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 6217</a><br>
2009 December 27: <a href="ap091227.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2009 December 26: <a href="ap091226.html">M51 Hubble Remix</a><br>
2009 December 25: <a href="ap091225.html">A Graceful Arc</a><br>
2009 December 24: <a href="ap091224.html">Gamma Cas and Friends</a><br>
2009 December 23: <a href="ap091223.html">December Sunrise, Cape Sounion</a><br>
2009 December 22: <a href="ap091222.html">Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion</a><br>
2009 December 21: <a href="ap091221.html">Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out</a><br>
2009 December 20: <a href="ap091220.html">Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma</a><br>
2009 December 19: <a href="ap091219.html">Aurora Shimmer, Meteor Flash</a><br>
2009 December 18: <a href="ap091218.html">Southern Geminids</a><br>
2009 December 17: <a href="ap091217.html">Mojave Desert Fireball</a><br>
2009 December 16: <a href="ap091216.html">Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth</a><br>
2009 December 15: <a href="ap091215.html">A Fading Moonset Over Hong Kong</a><br>
2009 December 14: <a href="ap091214.html">Saturns Hexagon Comes to Light</a><br>
2009 December 13: <a href="ap091213.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2009 December 12: <a href="ap091212.html">Geminid Meteor over Monument Valley</a><br>
2009 December 11: <a href="ap091211.html">Messier Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2009 December 10: <a href="ap091210.html">The Colors of IC 1795</a><br>
2009 December 09: <a href="ap091209.html">HUDF Infrared: Dawn of the Galaxies</a><br>
2009 December 08: <a href="ap091208.html">Ice Moon Tethys from Saturn Orbiting Cassini</a><br>
2009 December 07: <a href="ap091207.html">The International Space Station Over the Horizon</a><br>
2009 December 06: <a href="ap091206.html">The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught</a><br>
2009 December 05: <a href="ap091205.html">Himalayan Skyscape</a><br>
2009 December 04: <a href="ap091204.html">The Double Cluster</a><br>
2009 December 03: <a href="ap091203.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660</a><br>
2009 December 02: <a href="ap091202.html">Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2009 December 01: <a href="ap091201.html">NGC 6992: Filaments of the Veil Nebula</a><br>
2009 November 30: <a href="ap091130.html">Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station</a><br>
2009 November 29: <a href="ap091129.html">Ancient Layered Hills on Mars</a><br>
2009 November 28: <a href="ap091128.html">Annapurna Star Trails</a><br>
2009 November 27: <a href="ap091127.html">The Jets of NGC 1097</a><br>
2009 November 26: <a href="ap091126.html">M78 Wide Field</a><br>
2009 November 25: <a href="ap091125.html">All Sky Milky Way Panorama</a><br>
2009 November 24: <a href="ap091124.html">Cassini Flyby Shows Enceladus Venting</a><br>
2009 November 23: <a href="ap091123.html">Crescent Earth from the Departing Rosetta Spacecraft</a><br>
2009 November 22: <a href="ap091122.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2009 November 21: <a href="ap091121.html">NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe</a><br>
2009 November 20: <a href="ap091120.html">Meteor between the Clouds</a><br>
2009 November 19: <a href="ap091119.html">Leonid over Mono Lake</a><br>
2009 November 18: <a href="ap091118.html">Water Discovered in Moon Shadow</a><br>
2009 November 17: <a href="ap091117.html">Dawn Before Nova</a><br>
2009 November 16: <a href="ap091116.html">M83's Center from Refurbished Hubble</a><br>
2009 November 15: <a href="ap091115.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2009 November 14: <a href="ap091114.html">DIA Sunrise</a><br>
2009 November 13: <a href="ap091113.html">Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud</a><br>
2009 November 12: <a href="ap091112.html">Art and Science in NGC 918</a><br>
2009 November 11: <a href="ap091111.html">Great Observatories Explore Galactic Center</a><br>
2009 November 10: <a href="ap091110.html">Saturn After Equinox</a><br>
2009 November 09: <a href="ap091109.html">NGC 2623: Galaxy Merger from Hubble</a><br>
2009 November 08: <a href="ap091108.html">M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2009 November 07: <a href="ap091107.html">Stickney Crater</a><br>
2009 November 06: <a href="ap091106.html">Ring Nebula Deep Field</a><br>
2009 November 05: <a href="ap091105.html">Halloween's Moon</a><br>
2009 November 04: <a href="ap091104.html">Blue Sun Bristling</a><br>
2009 November 03: <a href="ap091103.html">Seven Sisters Versus California</a><br>
2009 November 02: <a href="ap091102.html">Ares 1 X Rocket Lifts Off</a><br>
2009 November 01: <a href="ap091101.html">The Average Color of the Universe</a><br>
2009 October 31: <a href="ap091031.html">VdB 152: Reflection Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2009 October 30: <a href="ap091030.html">The Bubble and M52</a><br>
2009 October 29: <a href="ap091029.html">Zodiacal Light Over Laguna Verde</a><br>
2009 October 28: <a href="ap091028.html">JKCS041: The Farthest Galaxy Cluster Yet Measured</a><br>
2009 October 27: <a href="ap091027.html">Central Cygnus Skyscape</a><br>
2009 October 26: <a href="ap091026.html">Galaxy Zoo Catalogs the Universe</a><br>
2009 October 25: <a href="ap091025.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2009 October 24: <a href="ap091024.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2009 October 23: <a href="ap091023.html">A Galilean Night</a><br>
2009 October 22: <a href="ap091022.html">Moon and Planets in the Morning</a><br>
2009 October 21: <a href="ap091021.html">Martian Dust Devil Trails</a><br>
2009 October 20: <a href="ap091020.html">A Solar Prominence Erupts in STEREO</a><br>
2009 October 19: <a href="ap091019.html">Nereus Crater on Mars</a><br>
2009 October 18: <a href="ap091018.html">The Star Pillars of Sharpless 171</a><br>
2009 October 17: <a href="ap091017.html">Bright Nebulae in M33</a><br>
2009 October 16: <a href="ap091016.html">Herschel Views the Milky Way</a><br>
2009 October 15: <a href="ap091015.html">Fireball Meteor Over Groningen</a><br>
2009 October 14: <a href="ap091014.html">Pleiades and Stardust</a><br>
2009 October 13: <a href="ap091013.html">Giant Dust Ring Discovered Around Saturn</a><br>
2009 October 12: <a href="ap091012.html">Stars Over Easter Island</a><br>
2009 October 11: <a href="ap091011.html">Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh</a><br>
2009 October 10: <a href="ap091010.html">LCROSS Centaur Impact Flash</a><br>
2009 October 09: <a href="ap091009.html">Starburst Galaxy IC 10</a><br>
2009 October 08: <a href="ap091008.html">Target Crater Cabeus</a><br>
2009 October 07: <a href="ap091007.html">A Double Ringed Basin on Mercury</a><br>
2009 October 06: <a href="ap091006.html">The Lagoon Nebula from GigaGalaxy Zoom</a><br>
2009 October 05: <a href="ap091005.html">The International Space Station Over Earth</a><br>
2009 October 04: <a href="ap091004.html">The Same Color Illusion</a><br>
2009 October 03: <a href="ap091003.html">Old Faithful Moon</a><br>
2009 October 02: <a href="ap091002.html">Comet and Orion</a><br>
2009 October 01: <a href="ap091001.html">Carina Pillar and Jets</a><br>
2009 September 30: <a href="ap090930.html">Saturn at Equinox</a><br>
2009 September 29: <a href="ap090929.html">Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2009 September 28: <a href="ap090928.html">Water Discovered on the Moon</a><br>
2009 September 27: <a href="ap090927.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2009 September 26: <a href="ap090926.html">Gigagalaxy Zoom: Milky Way</a><br>
2009 September 25: <a href="ap090925.html">Gigagalaxy Zoom: Galactic Center</a><br>
2009 September 24: <a href="ap090924.html">Equinox Sunset</a><br>
2009 September 23: <a href="ap090923.html">CoRoT Satellite Discovers Rocky Planet</a><br>
2009 September 22: <a href="ap090922.html">Aurora Over Yellowknife</a><br>
2009 September 21: <a href="ap090921.html">Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2009 September 20: <a href="ap090920.html">Ganymede Enhanced</a><br>
2009 September 19: <a href="ap090919.html">NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group</a><br>
2009 September 18: <a href="ap090918.html">Take My Hand</a><br>
2009 September 17: <a href="ap090917.html">Ultraviolet Andromeda</a><br>
2009 September 16: <a href="ap090916.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2009 September 15: <a href="ap090915.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2009 September 14: <a href="ap090914.html">The Center of Globular Cluster Omega Centauri</a><br>
2009 September 13: <a href="ap090913.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2009 September 12: <a href="ap090912.html">Summer Night in Astronomy Town</a><br>
2009 September 11: <a href="ap090911.html">Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
2009 September 10: <a href="ap090910.html">The Butterfly Nebula from Upgraded Hubble</a><br>
2009 September 09: <a href="ap090909.html">Star Trails Over Oregon</a><br>
2009 September 08: <a href="ap090908.html">Unexpected Impact on Jupiter</a><br>
2009 September 07: <a href="ap090907.html">Jupiter Over the Mediterranean</a><br>
2009 September 06: <a href="ap090906.html">CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2009 September 05: <a href="ap090905.html">Supernova Remnant E0102 72</a><br>
2009 September 04: <a href="ap090904.html">6 Years of Saturn</a><br>
2009 September 03: <a href="ap090903.html">Despina, Moon of Neptune</a><br>
2009 September 02: <a href="ap090902.html">Discovery's Rainbow</a><br>
2009 September 01: <a href="ap090901.html">Shadows of Saturn at Equinox</a><br>
2009 August 31: <a href="ap090831.html">Open Cluster M25</a><br>
2009 August 30: <a href="ap090830.html">D. rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts</a><br>
2009 August 29: <a href="ap090829.html">NGC 7771 Galaxy Group</a><br>
2009 August 28: <a href="ap090828.html">NGC 7822 in Cepheus</a><br>
2009 August 27: <a href="ap090827.html">A Dark Sky Over Sequoia National Park</a><br>
2009 August 26: <a href="ap090826.html">Classic Orion Nebulae</a><br>
2009 August 25: <a href="ap090825.html">Equinox at Saturn</a><br>
2009 August 24: <a href="ap090824.html">Morning Glory Clouds Over Australia</a><br>
2009 August 23: <a href="ap090823.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images</a><br>
2009 August 22: <a href="ap090822.html">The Gum Nebula</a><br>
2009 August 21: <a href="ap090821.html">The Whale and the Hockey Stick</a><br>
2009 August 20: <a href="ap090820.html">Eclipse City</a><br>
2009 August 19: <a href="ap090819.html">IC 1396 and Surrounding Starfield</a><br>
2009 August 18: <a href="ap090818.html">The Milky Way Over the Badlands</a><br>
2009 August 17: <a href="ap090817.html">Perseids from Perseus</a><br>
2009 August 16: <a href="ap090816.html">A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2009 August 15: <a href="ap090815.html">Meteor by Moonlight</a><br>
2009 August 14: <a href="ap090814.html">Shuttle and Meteor</a><br>
2009 August 13: <a href="ap090813.html">Block Island Meteorite on Mars</a><br>
2009 August 12: <a href="ap090812.html">Irregular Galaxy NGC 55</a><br>
2009 August 11: <a href="ap090811.html">Inside Barringer Meteor Crater</a><br>
2009 August 10: <a href="ap090810.html">Moonbow and Rainbows Over Patagonia</a><br>
2009 August 09: <a href="ap090809.html">Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon</a><br>
2009 August 08: <a href="ap090808.html">Diamonds in a Cloudy Sky</a><br>
2009 August 07: <a href="ap090807.html">The Star Clusters of NGC 1313</a><br>
2009 August 06: <a href="ap090806.html">Galaxies in Pegasus</a><br>
2009 August 05: <a href="ap090805.html">Betelgeuse Resolved</a><br>
2009 August 04: <a href="ap090804.html">A Triple Sunrise Over Gdansk Bay</a><br>
2009 August 03: <a href="ap090803.html">T Tauri: A Star is Formed</a><br>
2009 August 02: <a href="ap090802.html">Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559</a><br>
2009 August 01: <a href="ap090801.html">SN 1006 Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2009 July 31: <a href="ap090731.html">Hubble View: Jupiter Impact</a><br>
2009 July 30: <a href="ap090730.html">6 Minutes 42 Seconds</a><br>
2009 July 29: <a href="ap090729.html">The Milky Way Over Devils Tower</a><br>
2009 July 28: <a href="ap090728.html">A Floral Aurora Corona</a><br>
2009 July 27: <a href="ap090727.html">NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with a Central Eye</a><br>
2009 July 26: <a href="ap090726.html">The Big Corona</a><br>
2009 July 25: <a href="ap090725.html">The Eagle Rises</a><br>
2009 July 24: <a href="ap090724.html">Eclipse over Chongqing, China</a><br>
2009 July 23: <a href="ap090723.html">Jupiter's Impact Scar</a><br>
2009 July 22: <a href="ap090722.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars</a><br>
2009 July 21: <a href="ap090721.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2009 July 20: <a href="ap090720.html">Apollo 11: Onto a New World</a><br>
2009 July 19: <a href="ap090719.html">From the Moon to the Earth</a><br>
2009 July 18: <a href="ap090718.html">Planets, Great Wall, and Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2009 July 17: <a href="ap090717.html">Starburst Galaxy M94</a><br>
2009 July 16: <a href="ap090716.html">The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2009 July 15: <a href="ap090715.html">The Chameleon's Dark Nebulae</a><br>
2009 July 14: <a href="ap090714.html">Moons and Jupiter</a><br>
2009 July 13: <a href="ap090713.html">Erupting Volcano Anak Krakatau</a><br>
2009 July 12: <a href="ap090712.html">A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars</a><br>
2009 July 11: <a href="ap090711.html">Noctilucent Cloud Storm Panorama</a><br>
2009 July 10: <a href="ap090710.html">The Pillars of Eagle Castle</a><br>
2009 July 09: <a href="ap090709.html">Fermi's Gamma ray Pulsars</a><br>
2009 July 08: <a href="ap090708.html">The Dark River to Antares</a><br>
2009 July 07: <a href="ap090707.html">The Trifid Nebula in Stars and Dust</a><br>
2009 July 06: <a href="ap090706.html">Unknown Dark Material on Mercury</a><br>
2009 July 05: <a href="ap090705.html">Genesis Missions Hard Impact</a><br>
2009 July 04: <a href="ap090704.html">Mount Rushmore's Starry Night</a><br>
2009 July 03: <a href="ap090703.html">Perihelion and Aphelion</a><br>
2009 July 02: <a href="ap090702.html">Lyman Alpha Blob</a><br>
2009 July 01: <a href="ap090701.html">Three Galaxies in Draco</a><br>
2009 June 30: <a href="ap090630.html">The North America and Pelican Nebulae</a><br>
2009 June 29: <a href="ap090629.html">Kaguya Spacecraft Crashes into the Moon</a><br>
2009 June 28: <a href="ap090628.html">Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus</a><br>
2009 June 27: <a href="ap090627.html">Saharan Starry Night</a><br>
2009 June 26: <a href="ap090626.html">Solstice to Solstice Solargraph</a><br>
2009 June 25: <a href="ap090625.html">Sarychev Peak Volcano in Stereo</a><br>
2009 June 24: <a href="ap090624.html">Noctilucent Clouds Over Germany</a><br>
2009 June 23: <a href="ap090623.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2009 June 22: <a href="ap090622.html">Atlas 5 Rocket Launches to the Moon</a><br>
2009 June 21: <a href="ap090621.html">Sunrise over the Parthenon</a><br>
2009 June 20: <a href="ap090620.html">Seaside Moon Mirage</a><br>
2009 June 19: <a href="ap090619.html">Dunhuang Star Atlas</a><br>
2009 June 18: <a href="ap090618.html">NGC 6240: Merging Galaxies</a><br>
2009 June 17: <a href="ap090617.html">M13: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars</a><br>
2009 June 16: <a href="ap090616.html">Moonrise Over Turkey</a><br>
2009 June 15: <a href="ap090615.html">Streaming Dark Nebulas near B44</a><br>
2009 June 14: <a href="ap090614.html">Stars at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2009 June 13: <a href="ap090613.html">The Milky Road</a><br>
2009 June 12: <a href="ap090612.html">SNR 0104: An Unusual Suspect</a><br>
2009 June 11: <a href="ap090611.html">Pyrenees Paraselene</a><br>
2009 June 10: <a href="ap090610.html">A Dusty Iris Nebula</a><br>
2009 June 09: <a href="ap090609.html">Markarian's Chain of Galaxies</a><br>
2009 June 08: <a href="ap090608.html">Possible Jet Blown Shells Near Microquasar Cygnus X1</a><br>
2009 June 07: <a href="ap090607.html">Asteroid Eros Reconstructed</a><br>
2009 June 06: <a href="ap090606.html">One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725</a><br>
2009 June 05: <a href="ap090605.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2009 June 04: <a href="ap090604.html">Sunspots on a Cloudy Day</a><br>
2009 June 03: <a href="ap090603.html">VB 10: A Large Planet Orbiting a Small Star</a><br>
2009 June 02: <a href="ap090602.html">Spokes Reappear on Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2009 June 01: <a href="ap090601.html">Spirit Encounters Soft Ground on Mars</a><br>
2009 May 31: <a href="ap090531.html">A Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2009 May 30: <a href="ap090530.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2009 May 29: <a href="ap090529.html">Messier 106</a><br>
2009 May 28: <a href="ap090528.html">Moon in the Mullica</a><br>
2009 May 27: <a href="ap090527.html">Volcanic Terrain on Mercury</a><br>
2009 May 26: <a href="ap090526.html">Whirlpool Galaxy Deep Field</a><br>
2009 May 25: <a href="ap090525.html">Hubble Floats Free</a><br>
2009 May 24: <a href="ap090524.html">Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble</a><br>
2009 May 23: <a href="ap090523.html">Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3 Stereo View</a><br>
2009 May 22: <a href="ap090522.html">East of Antares</a><br>
2009 May 21: <a href="ap090521.html">IC 4592: A Blue Horsehead</a><br>
2009 May 20: <a href="ap090520.html">Above Earth Fixing Hubble</a><br>
2009 May 19: <a href="ap090519.html">Sagittarius and the Central Milky Way</a><br>
2009 May 18: <a href="ap090518.html">Moon Rays Over Thurso Castle</a><br>
2009 May 17: <a href="ap090517.html">Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater</a><br>
2009 May 16: <a href="ap090516.html">Atlantis and Hubble Side by Side</a><br>
2009 May 15: <a href="ap090515.html">M97: The Owl Nebula</a><br>
2009 May 14: <a href="ap090514.html">Elusive Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2009 May 13: <a href="ap090513.html">A Space Shuttle Before Dawn</a><br>
2009 May 12: <a href="ap090512.html">A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio</a><br>
2009 May 11: <a href="ap090511.html">Forty Thousand Meteor Origins Across the Sky</a><br>
2009 May 10: <a href="ap090510.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2009 May 09: <a href="ap090509.html">A Starry Night in Brazil</a><br>
2009 May 08: <a href="ap090508.html">Galaxies of the Perseus Cluster</a><br>
2009 May 07: <a href="ap090507.html">A Halo for NGC 6164</a><br>
2009 May 06: <a href="ap090506.html">A Spring Sky Over Hirsau Abbey</a><br>
2009 May 05: <a href="ap090505.html">Titan Beyond the Rings</a><br>
2009 May 04: <a href="ap090504.html">Rembrandt Impact Basin on Mercury</a><br>
2009 May 03: <a href="ap090503.html">The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2009 May 02: <a href="ap090502.html">The Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2009 May 01: <a href="ap090501.html">Lyrid Meteor and Milky Way</a><br>
2009 April 30: <a href="ap090430.html">Framed by Clouds</a><br>
2009 April 29: <a href="ap090429.html">GRB 090423: The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured</a><br>
2009 April 28: <a href="ap090428.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge</a><br>
2009 April 27: <a href="ap090427.html">Prometheus Creating Saturn Ring Streamers</a><br>
2009 April 26: <a href="ap090426.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2009 April 25: <a href="ap090425.html">Dark Markings of the Sky</a><br>
2009 April 24: <a href="ap090424.html">Moon and Morning Star</a><br>
2009 April 23: <a href="ap090423.html">Sharpless 308</a><br>
2009 April 22: <a href="ap090422.html">Sky Panorama Over Lake Salda</a><br>
2009 April 21: <a href="ap090421.html">Global Warming Predictions</a><br>
2009 April 20: <a href="ap090420.html">Flowing Barchan Sand Dunes on Mars</a><br>
2009 April 19: <a href="ap090419.html">The View Near a Black Hole</a><br>
2009 April 18: <a href="ap090418.html">NGC 1333 Stardust</a><br>
2009 April 17: <a href="ap090417.html">Medieval Astronomy from Melk Abbey</a><br>
2009 April 16: <a href="ap090416.html">Castle and Full Moon</a><br>
2009 April 15: <a href="ap090415.html">Jagged Shadows May Indicate Saturn Ring Particles</a><br>
2009 April 14: <a href="ap090414.html">M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br>
2009 April 13: <a href="ap090413.html">Star Trails over the Canada France Hawaii Telescope</a><br>
2009 April 12: <a href="ap090412.html">M39: Open Cluster in Cygnus</a><br>
2009 April 11: <a href="ap090411.html">The Big Picture</a><br>
2009 April 10: <a href="ap090410.html">ISS and Astronaut</a><br>
2009 April 09: <a href="ap090409.html">Venus Near Inferior Conjunction</a><br>
2009 April 08: <a href="ap090408.html">Unusual Dusty Galaxy NGC 7049</a><br>
2009 April 07: <a href="ap090407.html">The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 274</a><br>
2009 April 06: <a href="ap090406.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2009 April 05: <a href="ap090405.html">Orange Sun Oozing</a><br>
2009 April 04: <a href="ap090404.html">Star Party on Planet Earth</a><br>
2009 April 03: <a href="ap090403.html">Around the World in 80 Telescopes</a><br>
2009 April 02: <a href="ap090402.html">100 Hours of Astronomy Begins</a><br>
2009 April 01: <a href="ap090401.html">Astronaut's Head Upgraded During Spacewalk</a><br>
2009 March 31: <a href="ap090331.html">In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2009 March 30: <a href="ap090330.html">Possible Mud Volcanoes on Mars</a><br>
2009 March 29: <a href="ap090329.html">Signals of a Strange Universe</a><br>
2009 March 28: <a href="ap090328.html">Almahata Sitta 15</a><br>
2009 March 27: <a href="ap090327.html">The Seagull Nebula</a><br>
2009 March 26: <a href="ap090326.html">Stars Young and Old</a><br>
2009 March 25: <a href="ap090325.html">Orcus of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2009 March 24: <a href="ap090324.html">Martian Dunes and the Shadow of Opportunity</a><br>
2009 March 23: <a href="ap090323.html">The Seahorse of the Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2009 March 22: <a href="ap090322.html">Sungrazer</a><br>
2009 March 21: <a href="ap090321.html">Fermi's Gamma-Ray Sky</a><br>
2009 March 20: <a href="ap090320.html">Sunset at the Portara</a><br>
2009 March 19: <a href="ap090319.html">Saturn: Moons in Transit</a><br>
2009 March 18: <a href="ap090318.html">GLOBE at Night: Help Track Light Pollution</a><br>
2009 March 17: <a href="ap090317.html">Tycho's Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2009 March 16: <a href="ap090316.html">Martian Moon Deimos from MRO</a><br>
2009 March 15: <a href="ap090315.html">A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2009 March 14: <a href="ap090314.html">Haute-Provence Star Trails</a><br>
2009 March 13: <a href="ap090313.html">Hickson Compact Group 90</a><br>
2009 March 12: <a href="ap090312.html">Thor's Helmet (NGC 2359) and Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2009 March 11: <a href="ap090311.html">Lunar X</a><br>
2009 March 10: <a href="ap090310.html">Horsehead and Orion Nebulae</a><br>
2009 March 09: <a href="ap090309.html">Kepler's Streak</a><br>
2009 March 08: <a href="ap090308.html">Gibbous Europa</a><br>
2009 March 07: <a href="ap090307.html">Comet Lulin and Distant Galaxies</a><br>
2009 March 06: <a href="ap090306.html">Crescent Moon and Venus</a><br>
2009 March 05: <a href="ap090305.html">IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula</a><br>
2009 March 04: <a href="ap090304.html">Saturn in View</a><br>
2009 March 03: <a href="ap090303.html">The Helix Nebula from La Silla Observatory</a><br>
2009 March 02: <a href="ap090302.html">Earthgrazer: The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972</a><br>
2009 March 01: <a href="ap090301.html">Omega Centauri: The Largest Globular Cluster Known</a><br>
2009 February 28: <a href="ap090228.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2009 February 27: <a href="ap090227.html">Lulin and Saturn near Opposition</a><br>
2009 February 26: <a href="ap090226.html">Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, Mars</a><br>
2009 February 25: <a href="ap090225.html">Two Tails of Comet Lulin</a><br>
2009 February 24: <a href="ap090224.html">Barnard's Loop around the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2009 February 23: <a href="ap090223.html">An Etruscan Vase Moon Rising</a><br>
2009 February 22: <a href="ap090222.html">Orion Nebula: The Hubble View</a><br>
2009 February 21: <a href="ap090221.html">The Swift View of Comet Lulin</a><br>
2009 February 20: <a href="ap090220.html">Snake in the Dark</a><br>
2009 February 19: <a href="ap090219.html">Mauna Kea Milky Way Panorama</a><br>
2009 February 18: <a href="ap090218.html">Satellites Collide in Low Earth Orbit</a><br>
2009 February 17: <a href="ap090217.html">Unusual Red Glow Over Minnesota</a><br>
2009 February 16: <a href="ap090216.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2009 February 15: <a href="ap090215.html">Antarctic Ice Shelf Vista</a><br>
2009 February 14: <a href="ap090214.html">IC 1805: The Heart Nebula</a><br>
2009 February 13: <a href="ap090213.html">Circle 'round the Moon</a><br>
2009 February 12: <a href="ap090212.html">Zodiacal Light Vs. Milky Way</a><br>
2009 February 11: <a href="ap090211.html">Orion's Belt Continued</a><br>
2009 February 10: <a href="ap090210.html">Orion's Belt</a><br>
2009 February 09: <a href="ap090209.html">Anemic Galaxy NGC 4921 at the Edge</a><br>
2009 February 08: <a href="ap090208.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2009 February 07: <a href="ap090207.html">Comet Lulin Tails</a><br>
2009 February 06: <a href="ap090206.html">Space Station in the Moon</a><br>
2009 February 05: <a href="ap090205.html">NGC 604: X-rays from a Giant Stellar Nursery</a><br>
2009 February 04: <a href="ap090204.html">A Dangerous Summer on HD 80606b</a><br>
2009 February 03: <a href="ap090203.html">Lenticular Clouds Above Washington</a><br>
2009 February 02: <a href="ap090202.html">Comet Lulin Approaches</a><br>
2009 February 01: <a href="ap090201.html">Auroral Corona Over Norway</a><br>
2009 January 31: <a href="ap090131.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2009 January 30: <a href="ap090130.html">NGC 1579: Trifid of the North</a><br>
2009 January 29: <a href="ap090129.html">Eclipse Shirt 2009</a><br>
2009 January 28: <a href="ap090128.html">A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay</a><br>
2009 January 27: <a href="ap090127.html">The Milky Way Over Mauna Kea</a><br>
2009 January 26: <a href="ap090126.html">AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2009 January 25: <a href="ap090125.html">Annular Eclipse: The Ring of Fire</a><br>
2009 January 24: <a href="ap090124.html">The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2009 January 23: <a href="ap090123.html">Globular Cluster NGC 2419</a><br>
2009 January 22: <a href="ap090122.html">Planetary Nebula NGC 2818</a><br>
2009 January 21: <a href="ap090121.html">A Lenticular Cloud Over New Zealand</a><br>
2009 January 20: <a href="ap090120.html">Bonestell Panorama from Mars</a><br>
2009 January 19: <a href="ap090119.html">Methane Discovered in the Atmosphere of Mars</a><br>
2009 January 18: <a href="ap090118.html">Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2009 January 17: <a href="ap090117.html">IC 410 and NGC 1893</a><br>
2009 January 16: <a href="ap090116.html">ISS: Reflections of Earth</a><br>
2009 January 15: <a href="ap090115.html">Suspension Bridge Solargraph</a><br>
2009 January 14: <a href="ap090114.html">NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life</a><br>
2009 January 13: <a href="ap090113.html">Largest Full Moon of 2009</a><br>
2009 January 12: <a href="ap090112.html">Unusual Light Pillars Over Latvia</a><br>
2009 January 11: <a href="ap090111.html">In the Shadow of Saturn</a><br>
2009 January 10: <a href="ap090110.html">Martian Sunset</a><br>
2009 January 09: <a href="ap090109.html">NGC 4945 in Centaurus</a><br>
2009 January 08: <a href="ap090108.html">NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula</a><br>
2009 January 07: <a href="ap090107.html">The Galactic Core in Infrared</a><br>
2009 January 06: <a href="ap090106.html">Jupiter Eclipsing Ganymede</a><br>
2009 January 05: <a href="ap090105.html">Comet and Meteor</a><br>
2009 January 04: <a href="ap090104.html">Breaking Distant Light</a><br>
2009 January 03: <a href="ap090103.html">Double Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2009 January 02: <a href="ap090102.html">Alpine Conjunction</a><br>
2009 January 01: <a href="ap090101.html">Welcome to the International Year of Astronomy</a><br>
2008 December 31: <a href="ap081231.html">The Sky in Motion</a><br>
2008 December 30: <a href="ap081230.html">Home from Above</a><br>
2008 December 29: <a href="ap081229.html">NGC 1569: Starburst in a Dwarf Irregular Galaxy</a><br>
2008 December 28: <a href="ap081228.html">Thackeray's Globules</a><br>
2008 December 27: <a href="ap081227.html">Crab Pulsar Wind Nebula</a><br>
2008 December 26: <a href="ap081226.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2008 December 25: <a href="ap081225.html">Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2008 December 24: <a href="ap081224.html">Earthrise</a><br>
2008 December 23: <a href="ap081223.html">Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger</a><br>
2008 December 22: <a href="ap081222.html">Labtayt Sulci on Saturns Enceladus</a><br>
2008 December 21: <a href="ap081221.html">Analemma Over the Porch of Maidens</a><br>
2008 December 20: <a href="ap081220.html">Solstice at Newgrange</a><br>
2008 December 19: <a href="ap081219.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2008 December 18: <a href="ap081218.html">La Superba</a><br>
2008 December 17: <a href="ap081217.html">The Dumbbells</a><br>
2008 December 16: <a href="ap081216.html">Orion Dawn Over Mount Nemrut</a><br>
2008 December 15: <a href="ap081215.html">A Sun Pillar Over North Carolina</a><br>
2008 December 14: <a href="ap081214.html">Zodiacal Light Over New Mexico</a><br>
2008 December 13: <a href="ap081213.html">The 60 inch Reflector</a><br>
2008 December 12: <a href="ap081212.html">Lick Observatory Moonrise</a><br>
2008 December 11: <a href="ap081211.html">At the Center of the Milky Way</a><br>
2008 December 10: <a href="ap081210.html">Portrait of NGC 281</a><br>
2008 December 09: <a href="ap081209.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2008 December 08: <a href="ap081208.html">The Dark Doodad Nebula</a><br>
2008 December 07: <a href="ap081207.html">A Halo Around the Moon</a><br>
2008 December 06: <a href="ap081206.html">Lunar Diamond</a><br>
2008 December 05: <a href="ap081205.html">Smile in the Sky</a><br>
2008 December 04: <a href="ap081204.html">Venus in the Moon</a><br>
2008 December 03: <a href="ap081203.html">A Happy Sky Over Los Angeles</a><br>
2008 December 02: <a href="ap081202.html">International Space Station: Find the Astronaut</a><br>
2008 December 01: <a href="ap081201.html">Massive Stars Resolved in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2008 November 30: <a href="ap081130.html">An Apollo 15 Panorama: Astronaut Exploring</a><br>
2008 November 29: <a href="ap081129.html">Chilean Skyscape</a><br>
2008 November 28: <a href="ap081128.html">Probably a Planet for Beta Pic</a><br>
2008 November 27: <a href="ap081127.html">Galaxies in the River</a><br>
2008 November 26: <a href="ap081126.html">The Horsehead Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2008 November 25: <a href="ap081125.html">Fireball Over Edmonton</a><br>
2008 November 24: <a href="ap081124.html">Radar Indicates Buried Glaciers on Mars</a><br>
2008 November 23: <a href="ap081123.html">In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2008 November 22: <a href="ap081122.html">From Moonrise to Sunset</a><br>
2008 November 21: <a href="ap081121.html">M76 Above and Below</a><br>
2008 November 20: <a href="ap081120.html">Endeavour in the Moon</a><br>
2008 November 19: <a href="ap081119.html">Unusual Auroras Over Saturns North Pole</a><br>
2008 November 18: <a href="ap081118.html">Restored: First Image of the Earth from the Moon</a><br>
2008 November 17: <a href="ap081117.html">HR 8799: Discovery of a Multi planet Star System</a><br>
2008 November 16: <a href="ap081116.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado</a><br>
2008 November 15: <a href="ap081115.html">Arp 273</a><br>
2008 November 14: <a href="ap081114.html">Fomalhaut b</a><br>
2008 November 13: <a href="ap081113.html">A Bubble in Cygnus</a><br>
2008 November 12: <a href="ap081112.html">Phoenix and the Holy Cow</a><br>
2008 November 11: <a href="ap081111.html">The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2008 November 10: <a href="ap081110.html">Our Galaxy's Central Molecular Zone</a><br>
2008 November 09: <a href="ap081109.html">Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75</a><br>
2008 November 08: <a href="ap081108.html">On the Trail of 2008 TC3</a><br>
2008 November 07: <a href="ap081107.html">Cygnus Trio</a><br>
2008 November 06: <a href="ap081106.html">A Sharper View of a Hazy Giant</a><br>
2008 November 05: <a href="ap081105.html">Seventeen Hundred Kilometers Above Enceladus</a><br>
2008 November 04: <a href="ap081104.html">The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble</a><br>
2008 November 03: <a href="ap081103.html">A Spectacular Rayed Crater on Mercury</a><br>
2008 November 02: <a href="ap081102.html">Spicules: Jets on the Sun</a><br>
2008 November 01: <a href="ap081101.html">A Spectre in the Eastern Veil</a><br>
2008 October 31: <a href="ap081031.html">A Witch by Starlight</a><br>
2008 October 30: <a href="ap081030.html">Haunting the Cepheus Flare</a><br>
2008 October 29: <a href="ap081029.html">Mirach's Ghost</a><br>
2008 October 28: <a href="ap081028.html">The North America Nebula</a><br>
2008 October 27: <a href="ap081027.html">Beneath the South Pole of Saturn</a><br>
2008 October 26: <a href="ap081026.html">Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24</a><br>
2008 October 25: <a href="ap081025.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2008 October 24: <a href="ap081024.html">Amazing Comet Holmes</a><br>
2008 October 23: <a href="ap081023.html">Great Orion Nebulae</a><br>
2008 October 22: <a href="ap081022.html">Beautiful Spiral NGC 7331</a><br>
2008 October 21: <a href="ap081021.html">A Dark Pulsar in CTA 1</a><br>
2008 October 20: <a href="ap081020.html">Moons, Rings, and Unexpected Colors on Saturn</a><br>
2008 October 19: <a href="ap081019.html">In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2008 October 18: <a href="ap081018.html">Sharpless 171</a><br>
2008 October 17: <a href="ap081017.html">An Extraordinary Voyage</a><br>
2008 October 16: <a href="ap081016.html">48 Years of Space Flight</a><br>
2008 October 15: <a href="ap081015.html">Camera Orion</a><br>
2008 October 14: <a href="ap081014.html">An Enceladus Tiger Stripe from Cassini</a><br>
2008 October 13: <a href="ap081013.html">Cassini Passes Through Ice Plumes of Enceladus</a><br>
2008 October 12: <a href="ap081012.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 from Hubble</a><br>
2008 October 11: <a href="ap081011.html">Bright Bolide</a><br>
2008 October 10: <a href="ap081010.html">Irregular Galaxy NGC 55</a><br>
2008 October 09: <a href="ap081009.html">Massive Stars in NGC 6357</a><br>
2008 October 08: <a href="ap081008.html">Mercury as Revealed by MESSENGER</a><br>
2008 October 07: <a href="ap081007.html">Dust Mountains in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2008 October 06: <a href="ap081006.html">Layers of Cliffs in Northern Mars</a><br>
2008 October 05: <a href="ap081005.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2008 October 04: <a href="ap081004.html">A Solar Prominence Unfurls</a><br>
2008 October 03: <a href="ap081003.html">Young Suns of NGC 7129</a><br>
2008 October 02: <a href="ap081002.html">NGC 253 Close Up</a><br>
2008 October 01: <a href="ap081001.html">The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral</a><br>
2008 September 30: <a href="ap080930.html">Planets Ahoy</a><br>
2008 September 29: <a href="ap080929.html">A True Image from False Kiva</a><br>
2008 September 28: <a href="ap080928.html">Young Stars of NGC 346</a><br>
2008 September 27: <a href="ap080927.html">M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy</a><br>
2008 September 26: <a href="ap080926.html">Moon Rays over Byurakan Observatory</a><br>
2008 September 25: <a href="ap080925.html">The Case of the Very Dusty Binary Star</a><br>
2008 September 24: <a href="ap080924.html">Active Region 1002 on an Unusually Quiet Sun</a><br>
2008 September 23: <a href="ap080923.html">Haumea of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2008 September 22: <a href="ap080922.html">Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice</a><br>
2008 September 21: <a href="ap080921.html">Egging On the Autumnal Equinox</a><br>
2008 September 20: <a href="ap080920.html">A Darkened Sky</a><br>
2008 September 19: <a href="ap080919.html">Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star</a><br>
2008 September 18: <a href="ap080918.html">Exploring the Ring</a><br>
2008 September 17: <a href="ap080917.html">MACSJ0025: Two Giant Galaxy Clusters</a><br>
2008 September 16: <a href="ap080916.html">W5: Pillars of Star Creation</a><br>
2008 September 15: <a href="ap080915.html">SN 1006: A Supernova Ribbon from Hubble</a><br>
2008 September 14: <a href="ap080914.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2008 September 13: <a href="ap080913.html">M33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
2008 September 12: <a href="ap080912.html">Planets over Perth</a><br>
2008 September 11: <a href="ap080911.html">Mountain Top Meteors</a><br>
2008 September 10: <a href="ap080910.html">The Anthe Arc around Saturn</a><br>
2008 September 09: <a href="ap080909.html">M110: Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2008 September 08: <a href="ap080908.html">Rosetta Spacecraft Passes Asteroid Steins</a><br>
2008 September 07: <a href="ap080907.html">Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica</a><br>
2008 September 06: <a href="ap080906.html">A Flock of Stars</a><br>
2008 September 05: <a href="ap080905.html">Milky Way Road Trip</a><br>
2008 September 04: <a href="ap080904.html">Spokes in the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2008 September 03: <a href="ap080903.html">31 Million Miles from Planet Earth</a><br>
2008 September 02: <a href="ap080902.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2008 September 01: <a href="ap080901.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2008 August 31: <a href="ap080831.html">Eclipse over the Great Wall</a><br>
2008 August 30: <a href="ap080830.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2008 August 29: <a href="ap080829.html">Generations of Stars in W5</a><br>
2008 August 28: <a href="ap080828.html">Fermi's First Light</a><br>
2008 August 27: <a href="ap080827.html">IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula</a><br>
2008 August 26: <a href="ap080826.html">47 Tuc: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars</a><br>
2008 August 25: <a href="ap080825.html">NGC 7008: The Fetus Nebula</a><br>
2008 August 24: <a href="ap080824.html">Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
2008 August 23: <a href="ap080823.html">The Matter of the Bullet Cluster</a><br>
2008 August 22: <a href="ap080822.html">Active Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2008 August 21: <a href="ap080821.html">August Moons</a><br>
2008 August 20: <a href="ap080820.html">Earth's Shadow</a><br>
2008 August 19: <a href="ap080819.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2008 August 18: <a href="ap080818.html">Baily's Beads near Solar Eclipse Totality</a><br>
2008 August 17: <a href="ap080817.html">Io's Surface: Under Construction</a><br>
2008 August 16: <a href="ap080816.html">Perseid over Vancouver</a><br>
2008 August 15: <a href="ap080815.html">Facing NGC 6946</a><br>
2008 August 14: <a href="ap080814.html">Perseid Trail</a><br>
2008 August 13: <a href="ap080813.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2008 August 12: <a href="ap080812.html">A Mars Panorama from the Phoenix Lander</a><br>
2008 August 11: <a href="ap080811.html">Black Hole Candidate Cygnus X-1</a><br>
2008 August 10: <a href="ap080810.html">The Eagle Rises</a><br>
2008 August 09: <a href="ap080809.html">Aurora Persei</a><br>
2008 August 08: <a href="ap080808.html">The Crown of the Sun</a><br>
2008 August 07: <a href="ap080807.html">At the Sun's Edge</a><br>
2008 August 06: <a href="ap080806.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
2008 August 05: <a href="ap080805.html">A Total Solar Eclipse Over China</a><br>
2008 August 04: <a href="ap080804.html">X-Rays from the Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2008 August 03: <a href="ap080803.html">Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box</a><br>
2008 August 02: <a href="ap080802.html">Eclipse Shirt</a><br>
2008 August 01: <a href="ap080801.html">Moon Games</a><br>
2008 July 31: <a href="ap080731.html">Galaxies on a String</a><br>
2008 July 30: <a href="ap080730.html">The International Space Station Transits the Sun</a><br>
2008 July 29: <a href="ap080729.html">The Milky Way Over Ontario</a><br>
2008 July 28: <a href="ap080728.html">SDSSJ1430: A Galaxy Einstein Ring</a><br>
2008 July 27: <a href="ap080727.html">IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula</a><br>
2008 July 26: <a href="ap080726.html">Central IC 1805</a><br>
2008 July 25: <a href="ap080725.html">Spitzer's M101</a><br>
2008 July 24: <a href="ap080724.html">When Storms Collide</a><br>
2008 July 23: <a href="ap080723.html">High Cliffs Surrounding Echus Chasma on Mars</a><br>
2008 July 22: <a href="ap080722.html">Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth</a><br>
2008 July 21: <a href="ap080721.html">The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 271</a><br>
2008 July 20: <a href="ap080720.html">Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2008 July 19: <a href="ap080719.html">M16 and the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2008 July 18: <a href="ap080718.html">Jupiter over Ephesus</a><br>
2008 July 17: <a href="ap080717.html">Extra Galaxies</a><br>
2008 July 16: <a href="ap080716.html">Makemake of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2008 July 15: <a href="ap080715.html">Gas and Dust of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2008 July 14: <a href="ap080714.html">Changes in Angular Mars</a><br>
2008 July 13: <a href="ap080713.html">A Dark Sky Over Death Valley</a><br>
2008 July 12: <a href="ap080712.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2008 July 11: <a href="ap080711.html">The Far 3kpc Arm</a><br>
2008 July 10: <a href="ap080710.html">Enhanced Color Caloris</a><br>
2008 July 09: <a href="ap080709.html">Planets and Fire by Moonlight</a><br>
2008 July 08: <a href="ap080708.html">In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2008 July 07: <a href="ap080707.html">The Southern Cross in a Southern Sky</a><br>
2008 July 06: <a href="ap080706.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2008 July 05: <a href="ap080705.html">Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning</a><br>
2008 July 04: <a href="ap080704.html">SN 1006 Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2008 July 03: <a href="ap080703.html">Hoodoo Sky</a><br>
2008 July 02: <a href="ap080702.html">Night Shinings</a><br>
2008 July 01: <a href="ap080701.html">Pickering's Triangle from Kitt Peak</a><br>
2008 June 30: <a href="ap080630.html">In the Center of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2008 June 29: <a href="ap080629.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2008 June 28: <a href="ap080628.html">Fireball at Ayers Rock</a><br>
2008 June 27: <a href="ap080627.html">M81: Feeding a Black Hole</a><br>
2008 June 26: <a href="ap080626.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
2008 June 25: <a href="ap080625.html">What is Hanny's Voorwerp?</a><br>
2008 June 24: <a href="ap080624.html">Ithaca Chasma: The Great Rift on Saturn's Tethys</a><br>
2008 June 23: <a href="ap080623.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2008 June 22: <a href="ap080622.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2008 June 21: <a href="ap080621.html">Vanishing Act</a><br>
2008 June 20: <a href="ap080620.html">Solstice Moonrise, Cape Sounion</a><br>
2008 June 19: <a href="ap080619.html">The Star Streams of NGC 5907</a><br>
2008 June 18: <a href="ap080618.html">Pyramid Ice Crystal Halos Over Finland</a><br>
2008 June 17: <a href="ap080617.html">Eta Carinae and the Homunculus Nebula</a><br>
2008 June 16: <a href="ap080616.html">Inside the Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2008 June 15: <a href="ap080615.html">Phoenix Digs for Clues on Mars</a><br>
2008 June 14: <a href="ap080614.html">M51 Hubble Remix</a><br>
2008 June 13: <a href="ap080613.html">At Last GLAST</a><br>
2008 June 12: <a href="ap080612.html">Phoenix and the Snow Queen</a><br>
2008 June 11: <a href="ap080611.html">Dextre Robot at Work on the Space Station</a><br>
2008 June 10: <a href="ap080610.html">A Fire Rainbow Over New Jersey</a><br>
2008 June 09: <a href="ap080609.html">Saturn's Rings from the Other Side</a><br>
2008 June 08: <a href="ap080608.html">Mars Soil Sample Ready to Analyze</a><br>
2008 June 07: <a href="ap080607.html">June's Young Crescent Moon</a><br>
2008 June 06: <a href="ap080606.html">Two-Armed Spiral Milky Way</a><br>
2008 June 05: <a href="ap080605.html">Spitzer's Milky Way</a><br>
2008 June 04: <a href="ap080604.html">Chasing the ISS</a><br>
2008 June 03: <a href="ap080603.html">The Dark River to Antares</a><br>
2008 June 02: <a href="ap080602.html">Unusual Light Patch Under Phoenix Lander on Mars</a><br>
2008 June 01: <a href="ap080601.html">A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
2008 May 31: <a href="ap080531.html">A View to the Sunset</a><br>
2008 May 30: <a href="ap080530.html">Descent of the Phoenix</a><br>
2008 May 29: <a href="ap080529.html">A Fog Bow Over Ocean Beach</a><br>
2008 May 28: <a href="ap080528.html">Dark Clouds of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2008 May 27: <a href="ap080527.html">Phoenix at Mars</a><br>
2008 May 26: <a href="ap080526.html">A New Horizon for Phoenix</a><br>
2008 May 25: <a href="ap080525.html">Phoenix Lander Arrives at Mars</a><br>
2008 May 24: <a href="ap080524.html">Space Station in the Sun</a><br>
2008 May 23: <a href="ap080523.html">Jupiter's Three Red Spots</a><br>
2008 May 22: <a href="ap080522.html">Windblown NGC 3199</a><br>
2008 May 21: <a href="ap080521.html">A Dangerous Sunrise on Gliese 876d</a><br>
2008 May 20: <a href="ap080520.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2008 May 19: <a href="ap080519.html">Flying Over the Columbia Hills of Mars</a><br>
2008 May 18: <a href="ap080518.html">On the Origin of Gold</a><br>
2008 May 17: <a href="ap080517.html">Logarithmic Spirals</a><br>
2008 May 16: <a href="ap080516.html">Circles in the Sky</a><br>
2008 May 15: <a href="ap080515.html">Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628</a><br>
2008 May 14: <a href="ap080514.html">A Supply Ship Docks with the International Space Station</a><br>
2008 May 13: <a href="ap080513.html">Ancient Craters of Southern Rhea</a><br>
2008 May 12: <a href="ap080512.html">The M81 Galaxy Group Through the Integrated Flux</a><br>
2008 May 11: <a href="ap080511.html">Retrograde Mars</a><br>
2008 May 10: <a href="ap080510.html">Stars and Mars</a><br>
2008 May 09: <a href="ap080509.html">Moon Meets Mercury</a><br>
2008 May 08: <a href="ap080508.html">The Dark Tower in Scorpius</a><br>
2008 May 07: <a href="ap080507.html">The Gegenschein Over Chile</a><br>
2008 May 06: <a href="ap080506.html">Galaxies Collide in NGC 3256</a><br>
2008 May 05: <a href="ap080505.html">A Persistent Electrical Storm on Saturn</a><br>
2008 May 04: <a href="ap080504.html">An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2008 May 03: <a href="ap080503.html">Alborz Mountain Milky Way</a><br>
2008 May 02: <a href="ap080502.html">Shaping NGC 6188</a><br>
2008 May 01: <a href="ap080501.html">The Giants of Omega Centauri</a><br>
2008 April 30: <a href="ap080430.html">Arp 272</a><br>
2008 April 29: <a href="ap080429.html">Airplane Flight Patterns over the USA</a><br>
2008 April 28: <a href="ap080428.html">Star Forming Region NGC 3582</a><br>
2008 April 27: <a href="ap080427.html">The Galactic Center Radio Arc</a><br>
2008 April 26: <a href="ap080426.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2008 April 25: <a href="ap080425.html">M86 in the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2008 April 24: <a href="ap080424.html">Cygnus Without Stars</a><br>
2008 April 23: <a href="ap080423.html">Above the Clouds</a><br>
2008 April 22: <a href="ap080422.html">The Fox Fur Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2008 April 21: <a href="ap080421.html">Bacteriophages: The Most Common Life Like Form on Earth</a><br>
2008 April 20: <a href="ap080420.html">Spiral Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2008 April 19: <a href="ap080419.html">Running Messier's Marathon</a><br>
2008 April 18: <a href="ap080418.html">IC 2948: The Running Chicken Nebula</a><br>
2008 April 17: <a href="ap080417.html">Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2008 April 16: <a href="ap080416.html">A Protected Night Sky Over Flagstaff</a><br>
2008 April 15: <a href="ap080415.html">Sky Delights Over Sweden</a><br>
2008 April 14: <a href="ap080414.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2008 April 13: <a href="ap080413.html">Curious Cometary Knots in the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2008 April 12: <a href="ap080412.html">Yuri's Planet</a><br>
2008 April 11: <a href="ap080411.html">At first he couldn't see the Moon</a><br>
2008 April 10: <a href="ap080410.html">Stickney Crater</a><br>
2008 April 09: <a href="ap080409.html">A Large Magellanic Cloud Deep Field</a><br>
2008 April 08: <a href="ap080408.html">Southern Orion: From Belt to Witch</a><br>
2008 April 07: <a href="ap080407.html">Mysterious White Rock Fingers on Mars</a><br>
2008 April 06: <a href="ap080406.html">Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2008 April 05: <a href="ap080405.html">Jules Verne in Orbit</a><br>
2008 April 04: <a href="ap080404.html">Layers in Aureum Chaos</a><br>
2008 April 03: <a href="ap080403.html">South of Orion</a><br>
2008 April 02: <a href="ap080402.html">Globular Cluster M55 from CFHT</a><br>
2008 April 01: <a href="ap080401.html">New Space Station Robot Asks to be Called Dextre the Magnificent</a><br>
2008 March 31: <a href="ap080331.html">Close Up of Enceladus Tiger Stripes</a><br>
2008 March 30: <a href="ap080330.html">Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe</a><br>
2008 March 29: <a href="ap080329.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841</a><br>
2008 March 28: <a href="ap080328.html">Across the Universe</a><br>
2008 March 27: <a href="ap080327.html">The N44 Complex</a><br>
2008 March 26: <a href="ap080326.html">The NGC 3576 Nebula</a><br>
2008 March 25: <a href="ap080325.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82</a><br>
2008 March 24: <a href="ap080324.html">Saturn and Titan from Cassini</a><br>
2008 March 23: <a href="ap080323.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2008 March 22: <a href="ap080322.html">Cat's Eye Hubble Remix</a><br>
2008 March 21: <a href="ap080321.html">Where is HD 189733?</a><br>
2008 March 20: <a href="ap080320.html">Sunset: Planet Earth</a><br>
2008 March 19: <a href="ap080319.html">Mercury in Accentuated Color</a><br>
2008 March 18: <a href="ap080318.html">M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds in Orion</a><br>
2008 March 17: <a href="ap080317.html">Thirty Thousand Kilometers Above Enceladus</a><br>
2008 March 16: <a href="ap080316.html">Endeavour to Orbit</a><br>
2008 March 15: <a href="ap080315.html">Moon over Byzantium</a><br>
2008 March 14: <a href="ap080314.html">Endeavour into the Night</a><br>
2008 March 13: <a href="ap080313.html">Sculpting the South Pillar</a><br>
2008 March 12: <a href="ap080312.html">Star Forming Region LH 95</a><br>
2008 March 11: <a href="ap080311.html">An Avalanche on Mars</a><br>
2008 March 10: <a href="ap080310.html">Planets Align Over Australian Radio Telescope Array</a><br>
2008 March 09: <a href="ap080309.html">CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2008 March 08: <a href="ap080308.html">M104 Hubble Remix</a><br>
2008 March 07: <a href="ap080307.html">Comet over California</a><br>
2008 March 06: <a href="ap080306.html">Vela Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2008 March 05: <a href="ap080305.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2008 March 04: <a href="ap080304.html">NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
2008 March 03: <a href="ap080303.html">Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars</a><br>
2008 March 02: <a href="ap080302.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2008 March 01: <a href="ap080301.html">Mauna Kea Shadow Play</a><br>
2008 February 29: <a href="ap080229.html">Twelve Lunar Eclipses</a><br>
2008 February 28: <a href="ap080228.html">ISS: Sunlight to Shadow</a><br>
2008 February 27: <a href="ap080227.html">The Eagle Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2008 February 26: <a href="ap080226.html">Mysterious Acid Haze on Venus</a><br>
2008 February 25: <a href="ap080225.html">Dawn of the Large Hadron Collider</a><br>
2008 February 24: <a href="ap080224.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2008 February 23: <a href="ap080223.html">Stereo Space Station</a><br>
2008 February 22: <a href="ap080222.html">Eclipsed Moonlight</a><br>
2008 February 21: <a href="ap080221.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2008 February 20: <a href="ap080220.html">Moon Slide Slim</a><br>
2008 February 19: <a href="ap080219.html">Columbus Laboratory Installed on Space Station</a><br>
2008 February 18: <a href="ap080218.html">BLG 109: A Distant Version of our own Solar System</a><br>
2008 February 17: <a href="ap080217.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2008 February 16: <a href="ap080216.html">Large Binocular Telescope</a><br>
2008 February 15: <a href="ap080215.html">Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud</a><br>
2008 February 14: <a href="ap080214.html">Long Stem Rosette</a><br>
2008 February 13: <a href="ap080213.html">Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1132</a><br>
2008 February 12: <a href="ap080212.html">Echoes from RS Pup</a><br>
2008 February 11: <a href="ap080211.html">Saturn's Moon Epimetheus from the Cassini Spacecraft</a><br>
2008 February 10: <a href="ap080210.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
2008 February 09: <a href="ap080209.html">Atlantis on Pad 39A</a><br>
2008 February 08: <a href="ap080208.html">The Bay of Rainbows</a><br>
2008 February 07: <a href="ap080207.html">NGC 4013 and the Tidal Stream</a><br>
2008 February 06: <a href="ap080206.html">Sunspot in the Old Solar Cycle</a><br>
2008 February 05: <a href="ap080205.html">Three Month Composite of Comet Holmes</a><br>
2008 February 04: <a href="ap080204.html">A Spider Shaped Crater on Mercury</a><br>
2008 February 03: <a href="ap080203.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2008 February 02: <a href="ap080202.html">Venus and Jupiter in Morning Skies</a><br>
2008 February 01: <a href="ap080201.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
2008 January 31: <a href="ap080131.html">Young Star Cluster Westerlund 2</a><br>
2008 January 30: <a href="ap080130.html">Asteroid 2007 TU24 Passes the Earth</a><br>
2008 January 29: <a href="ap080129.html">West Valley Panorama from the Spirit Rover on Mars</a><br>
2008 January 28: <a href="ap080128.html">A Solar Eclipse Painting from the 1700s</a><br>
2008 January 27: <a href="ap080127.html">Mercury on the Horizon</a><br>
2008 January 26: <a href="ap080126.html">Crescent Mercury in Color</a><br>
2008 January 25: <a href="ap080125.html">Winter Night at Pic du Midi</a><br>
2008 January 24: <a href="ap080124.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2008 January 23: <a href="ap080123.html">Orbiting Astronaut Reflects Earth</a><br>
2008 January 22: <a href="ap080122.html">Shelf Cloud Over Saskatchewan</a><br>
2008 January 21: <a href="ap080121.html">Mercury's Horizon from MESSENGER</a><br>
2008 January 20: <a href="ap080120.html">Comet McNaught Over Chile</a><br>
2008 January 19: <a href="ap080119.html">Starry Night Castle</a><br>
2008 January 18: <a href="ap080118.html">Supernova Factory NGC 2770</a><br>
2008 January 17: <a href="ap080117.html">Thor's Emerald Helmet</a><br>
2008 January 16: <a href="ap080116.html">MESSENGER Passes Mercury</a><br>
2008 January 15: <a href="ap080115.html">Double Supernova Remnants DEM L316</a><br>
2008 January 14: <a href="ap080114.html">The Cocoon Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2008 January 13: <a href="ap080113.html">Hurricane Ivan from the Space Station</a><br>
2008 January 12: <a href="ap080112.html">Mercury Chases the Sunset</a><br>
2008 January 11: <a href="ap080111.html">Polaris Dust Nebula</a><br>
2008 January 10: <a href="ap080110.html">Active Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2008 January 09: <a href="ap080109.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342 from Kitt Peak</a><br>
2008 January 08: <a href="ap080108.html">A Jupiter-Io Montage from New Horizons</a><br>
2008 January 07: <a href="ap080107.html">Quadrantid Meteors and Aurora from the Air</a><br>
2008 January 06: <a href="ap080106.html">Jupiter's Rings Revealed</a><br>
2008 January 05: <a href="ap080105.html">M51: Cosmic Whirlpool</a><br>
2008 January 04: <a href="ap080104.html">The Milky Way at 5000 Meters</a><br>
2008 January 03: <a href="ap080103.html">Geminids in 2007</a><br>
2008 January 02: <a href="ap080102.html">A Galaxy is not a Comet</a><br>
2008 January 01: <a href="ap080101.html">Rays from an Unexpected Aurora</a><br>
2007 December 31: <a href="ap071231.html">A Year of Spectacular Comets</a><br>
2007 December 30: <a href="ap071230.html">Mammatus Clouds Over Mexico</a><br>
2007 December 29: <a href="ap071229.html">Saturn's Infrared Glow</a><br>
2007 December 28: <a href="ap071228.html">A Beautiful Boomerang Nebula</a><br>
2007 December 27: <a href="ap071227.html">Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2007 December 26: <a href="ap071226.html">Trifid Pillars and Jets</a><br>
2007 December 25: <a href="ap071225.html">Mars and Orion Over Monument Valley</a><br>
2007 December 24: <a href="ap071224.html">Emission Nebula IC 1396</a><br>
2007 December 23: <a href="ap071223.html">Moon and Mars Tonight</a><br>
2007 December 22: <a href="ap071222.html">Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky</a><br>
2007 December 21: <a href="ap071221.html">Horizon to Horizon</a><br>
2007 December 20: <a href="ap071220.html">Reflections on the 1970s</a><br>
2007 December 19: <a href="ap071219.html">Stars and Dust through Baade's Window</a><br>
2007 December 18: <a href="ap071218.html">Unusual Silica Rich Soil Discovered on Mars</a><br>
2007 December 17: <a href="ap071217.html">Saturn's Ancient Rings</a><br>
2007 December 16: <a href="ap071216.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2007 December 15: <a href="ap071215.html">Mountains of Creation</a><br>
2007 December 14: <a href="ap071214.html">Apollo 17: Shorty Crater Panorama</a><br>
2007 December 13: <a href="ap071213.html">T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula</a><br>
2007 December 12: <a href="ap071212.html">Mars Rover Races to Survive</a><br>
2007 December 11: <a href="ap071211.html">The Universe Nearby</a><br>
2007 December 10: <a href="ap071210.html">A Jet from the Sun</a><br>
2007 December 09: <a href="ap071209.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2007 December 08: <a href="ap071208.html">Star Trails at Dawn</a><br>
2007 December 07: <a href="ap071207.html">Double Cluster in Perseus</a><br>
2007 December 06: <a href="ap071206.html">Mars in View</a><br>
2007 December 05: <a href="ap071205.html">Comet Holmes Over Hungary</a><br>
2007 December 04: <a href="ap071204.html">Movie: Analemma Over New Jersey</a><br>
2007 December 03: <a href="ap071203.html">A Complete Solar Cycle from SOHO</a><br>
2007 December 02: <a href="ap071202.html">Gibbous Europa</a><br>
2007 December 01: <a href="ap071201.html">M74: The Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2007 November 30: <a href="ap071130.html">Aristarchus Plateau</a><br>
2007 November 29: <a href="ap071129.html">Stardust in Perseus</a><br>
2007 November 28: <a href="ap071128.html">Comet Holmes from the Hubble Space Telescope</a><br>
2007 November 27: <a href="ap071127.html">Space Station Over the Ionian Sea</a><br>
2007 November 26: <a href="ap071126.html">Moon Over Pigeon Point Lighthouse</a><br>
2007 November 25: <a href="ap071125.html">An Iridescent Cloud Over Colorado</a><br>
2007 November 24: <a href="ap071124.html">Galaxies in Pegasus</a><br>
2007 November 23: <a href="ap071123.html">The Medusa Nebula</a><br>
2007 November 22: <a href="ap071122.html">Pleiades and Stardust</a><br>
2007 November 21: <a href="ap071121.html">Expansive Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 November 20: <a href="ap071120.html">Earthrise from Moon-Orbiting Kaguya</a><br>
2007 November 19: <a href="ap071119.html">Aurora in the Distance</a><br>
2007 November 18: <a href="ap071118.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2007 November 17: <a href="ap071117.html">Forest and Sky</a><br>
2007 November 16: <a href="ap071116.html">Rocket Fuel</a><br>
2007 November 15: <a href="ap071115.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2007 November 14: <a href="ap071114.html">Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event</a><br>
2007 November 13: <a href="ap071113.html">The Inner Coma of Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 November 12: <a href="ap071112.html">Cosmic Rays from Galactic Centers</a><br>
2007 November 11: <a href="ap071111.html">NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2007 November 10: <a href="ap071110.html">A Tale of Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 November 09: <a href="ap071109.html">Skyscape with Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 November 08: <a href="ap071108.html">VERITAS and Venus</a><br>
2007 November 07: <a href="ap071107.html">The Sloan Great Wall: Largest Known Structure</a><br>
2007 November 06: <a href="ap071106.html">An X Class Flare Region on the Sun</a><br>
2007 November 05: <a href="ap071105.html">Comet Holmes Grows a Tail</a><br>
2007 November 04: <a href="ap071104.html">The Closest Galaxy: Canis Major Dwarf</a><br>
2007 November 03: <a href="ap071103.html">Golden Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 November 02: <a href="ap071102.html">Three Nebulae in Narrow Band</a><br>
2007 November 01: <a href="ap071101.html">Peculiar Arp 87</a><br>
2007 October 31: <a href="ap071031.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2007 October 30: <a href="ap071030.html">Comet Holmes' Coma Expands</a><br>
2007 October 29: <a href="ap071029.html">A Telescopic View of Erupting Comet Holmes</a><br>
2007 October 28: <a href="ap071028.html">Noctilucent Clouds Over Sweden</a><br>
2007 October 27: <a href="ap071027.html">The Great Carina Nebula</a><br>
2007 October 26: <a href="ap071026.html">Comet Holmes in Outburst</a><br>
2007 October 25: <a href="ap071025.html">Apogee Moon, Perigee Moon</a><br>
2007 October 24: <a href="ap071024.html">Ring Scan</a><br>
2007 October 23: <a href="ap071023.html">Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2007 October 22: <a href="ap071022.html">Victoria Crater on Mars</a><br>
2007 October 21: <a href="ap071021.html">Will the Universe End in a Big Rip?</a><br>
2007 October 20: <a href="ap071020.html">The Milky Road</a><br>
2007 October 19: <a href="ap071019.html">IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2007 October 18: <a href="ap071018.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2007 October 17: <a href="ap071017.html">I Zwicky 18: The Case of the Aging Galaxy</a><br>
2007 October 16: <a href="ap071016.html">SN 2005ap: The Brightest Supernova Yet Found</a><br>
2007 October 15: <a href="ap071015.html">Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons</a><br>
2007 October 14: <a href="ap071014.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2007 October 13: <a href="ap071013.html">Enceladus Ice Geysers</a><br>
2007 October 12: <a href="ap071012.html">The Whale and the Hockey Stick</a><br>
2007 October 11: <a href="ap071011.html">Bright Planets, Crescent Moon</a><br>
2007 October 10: <a href="ap071010.html">The Strange Trailing Side of Saturn's Iapetus</a><br>
2007 October 09: <a href="ap071009.html">Aurora, Stars, Meteor, Lake, Alaska</a><br>
2007 October 08: <a href="ap071008.html">Galaxy NGC 474: Cosmic Blender</a><br>
2007 October 07: <a href="ap071007.html">Two Million Galaxies</a><br>
2007 October 06: <a href="ap071006.html">X-Ray Stars of Orion</a><br>
2007 October 05: <a href="ap071005.html">Starburst Cluster in NGC 3603</a><br>
2007 October 04: <a href="ap071004.html">50th Anniversary of Sputnik: Traveling Companion</a><br>
2007 October 03: <a href="ap071003.html">Comet Encke's Tail Ripped off</a><br>
2007 October 02: <a href="ap071002.html">Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma</a><br>
2007 October 01: <a href="ap071001.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2007 September 30: <a href="ap070930.html">A Milky Way Band</a><br>
2007 September 29: <a href="ap070929.html">Dawn Launch Mosaic</a><br>
2007 September 28: <a href="ap070928.html">A Hole in Mars Close Up</a><br>
2007 September 27: <a href="ap070927.html">Hole in the Sun</a><br>
2007 September 26: <a href="ap070926.html">Saguaro Moon</a><br>
2007 September 25: <a href="ap070925.html">Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn</a><br>
2007 September 24: <a href="ap070924.html">A Galactic Star Forming Region in Infrared</a><br>
2007 September 23: <a href="ap070923.html">The Equal Night</a><br>
2007 September 22: <a href="ap070922.html">Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years</a><br>
2007 September 21: <a href="ap070921.html">Coronet in the Southern Crown</a><br>
2007 September 20: <a href="ap070920.html">Northern Cygnus</a><br>
2007 September 19: <a href="ap070919.html">4,000 Kilometers Above Iapetus</a><br>
2007 September 18: <a href="ap070918.html">Tungurahua Erupts</a><br>
2007 September 17: <a href="ap070917.html">Inside Victoria Crater</a><br>
2007 September 16: <a href="ap070916.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2007 September 15: <a href="ap070915.html">Iapetus: 3D Equatorial Ridge</a><br>
2007 September 14: <a href="ap070914.html">Iapetus in Black and White</a><br>
2007 September 13: <a href="ap070913.html">NGC 7129 and NGC 7142</a><br>
2007 September 12: <a href="ap070912.html">Six Rainbows Across Norway</a><br>
2007 September 11: <a href="ap070911.html">A Scorpius Sky Spectacular</a><br>
2007 September 10: <a href="ap070910.html">Building Galaxies in the Early Universe</a><br>
2007 September 09: <a href="ap070909.html">The Great Basin on Saturn's Tethys</a><br>
2007 September 08: <a href="ap070908.html">The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle</a><br>
2007 September 07: <a href="ap070907.html">South Pole Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2007 September 06: <a href="ap070906.html">Time Tunnel</a><br>
2007 September 05: <a href="ap070905.html">Aurigids from 47,000 Feet</a><br>
2007 September 04: <a href="ap070904.html">A Path Into Victoria Crater</a><br>
2007 September 03: <a href="ap070903.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2007 September 02: <a href="ap070902.html">Lunation</a><br>
2007 September 01: <a href="ap070901.html">Kalamalka Lake Eclipse</a><br>
2007 August 31: <a href="ap070831.html">Stars Forming in Serpens</a><br>
2007 August 30: <a href="ap070830.html">Dark Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2007 August 29: <a href="ap070829.html">Gigantic Jets Over Oklahoma</a><br>
2007 August 28: <a href="ap070828.html">Could Hydrogen Peroxide Life Survive on Mars</a><br>
2007 August 27: <a href="ap070827.html">Huge Void Implicated in Distant Universe</a><br>
2007 August 26: <a href="ap070826.html">A Total Lunar Eclipse Over North Carolina</a><br>
2007 August 25: <a href="ap070825.html">Just Passing Through</a><br>
2007 August 24: <a href="ap070824.html">Astronomer's Moon</a><br>
2007 August 23: <a href="ap070823.html">Southern Moonscape</a><br>
2007 August 22: <a href="ap070822.html">Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2007 August 21: <a href="ap070821.html">A Red Dome Under the Big Dipper</a><br>
2007 August 20: <a href="ap070820.html">Cluster Crash Illuminates Dark Matter Conundrum</a><br>
2007 August 19: <a href="ap070819.html">A Sonic Boom</a><br>
2007 August 18: <a href="ap070818.html">ISS Over Mont-Megantic Observatory</a><br>
2007 August 17: <a href="ap070817.html">The Tail of a Wonderful Star</a><br>
2007 August 16: <a href="ap070816.html">Moonless Perseid Sky</a><br>
2007 August 15: <a href="ap070815.html">Mysterious Streaks Over Turkey</a><br>
2007 August 14: <a href="ap070814.html">A Spectacular Sky Over the Grand Tetons</a><br>
2007 August 13: <a href="ap070813.html">The Trifid Nebula in Stars and Dust</a><br>
2007 August 12: <a href="ap070812.html">Raining Perseids</a><br>
2007 August 11: <a href="ap070811.html">Cosmic Tornado HH 49 50</a><br>
2007 August 10: <a href="ap070810.html">Star Factory Messier 17</a><br>
2007 August 09: <a href="ap070809.html">Star Cluster Messier 67</a><br>
2007 August 08: <a href="ap070808.html">Phoenix Rises Toward Mars</a><br>
2007 August 07: <a href="ap070807.html">Old Faithful Below a Yellowstone Sky</a><br>
2007 August 06: <a href="ap070806.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2007 August 05: <a href="ap070805.html">The Dotted Dunes of Mars</a><br>
2007 August 04: <a href="ap070804.html">Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2007 August 03: <a href="ap070803.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2007 August 02: <a href="ap070802.html">M64: The Black Eye Galaxy</a><br>
2007 August 01: <a href="ap070801.html">Unusual Cratering on Saturns Dione</a><br>
2007 July 31: <a href="ap070731.html">A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center</a><br>
2007 July 30: <a href="ap070730.html">The Four Suns of HD 98800</a><br>
2007 July 29: <a href="ap070729.html">The Center of Centaurus A</a><br>
2007 July 28: <a href="ap070728.html">Full Moondark</a><br>
2007 July 27: <a href="ap070727.html">The Tidal Tail of NGC 3628</a><br>
2007 July 26: <a href="ap070726.html">Hot Stars in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2007 July 25: <a href="ap070725.html">Global Dust Storms Threaten Mars Rovers</a><br>
2007 July 24: <a href="ap070724.html">Spiral Galaxy M83: The Southern Pinwheel</a><br>
2007 July 23: <a href="ap070723.html">Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System</a><br>
2007 July 22: <a href="ap070722.html">The Flight Of Helios</a><br>
2007 July 21: <a href="ap070721.html">Infrared Andromeda</a><br>
2007 July 20: <a href="ap070720.html">Apollo 11: East Crater Panorama</a><br>
2007 July 19: <a href="ap070719.html">The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2007 July 18: <a href="ap070718.html">Planets over Pony Express Lake</a><br>
2007 July 17: <a href="ap070717.html">The Same Color Illusion</a><br>
2007 July 16: <a href="ap070716.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Gas, Dust,
and Stars</a><br>
2007 July 15: <a href="ap070715.html">Aurora from Space</a><br>
2007 July 14: <a href="ap070714.html">RCW 79: Stars in a Bubble</a><br>
2007 July 13: <a href="ap070713.html">Manhattanhenge: A New York Sunset</a><br>
2007 July 12: <a href="ap070712.html">NGC 6384: Beyond the Stars</a><br>
2007 July 11: <a href="ap070711.html">Constellations and Cloudy Skies</a><br>
2007 July 10: <a href="ap070710.html">NGC 4449: Close-Up of a Small Galaxy</a><br>
2007 July 09: <a href="ap070709.html">The Most Distant Sun</a><br>
2007 July 08: <a href="ap070708.html">Shuttle Ferry</a><br>
2007 July 07: <a href="ap070707.html">Infrared Trifid</a><br>
2007 July 06: <a href="ap070706.html">Bright Galaxy NGC 2903</a><br>
2007 July 05: <a href="ap070705.html">Night Shining Clouds</a><br>
2007 July 04: <a href="ap070704.html">Red, White, and Blue Sky</a><br>
2007 July 03: <a href="ap070703.html">At the Edge of Victoria Crater</a><br>
2007 July 02: <a href="ap070702.html">Zooming in to the Pelican Nebula</a><br>
2007 July 01: <a href="ap070701.html">Steep Cliffs on Mars</a><br>
2007 June 30: <a href="ap070630.html">Jumbled Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2007 June 29: <a href="ap070629.html">Cat's Eye Wide and Deep</a><br>
2007 June 28: <a href="ap070628.html">A Visit from Atlantis</a><br>
2007 June 27: <a href="ap070627.html">Neon Saturn</a><br>
2007 June 26: <a href="ap070626.html">Wisps of the Iris Nebula</a><br>
2007 June 25: <a href="ap070625.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2007 June 24: <a href="ap070624.html">All the Colors of the Sun</a><br>
2007 June 23: <a href="ap070623.html">3D Barringer Meteorite Crater</a><br>
2007 June 22: <a href="ap070622.html">Small Worlds Ceres and Vesta</a><br>
2007 June 21: <a href="ap070621.html">Stars and the Solstice Sun</a><br>
2007 June 20: <a href="ap070620.html">A Daylight Eclipse of Venus</a><br>
2007 June 19: <a href="ap070619.html">Eris: More Massive than Pluto</a><br>
2007 June 18: <a href="ap070618.html">Monitoring M2-9</a><br>
2007 June 17: <a href="ap070617.html">Analemma over Ukraine</a><br>
2007 June 16: <a href="ap070616.html">Lunar Orbiter Views Crater Copernicus</a><br>
2007 June 15: <a href="ap070615.html">Messier 96</a><br>
2007 June 14: <a href="ap070614.html">vdB 152: Reflection Nebula in Cepheus</a><br>
2007 June 13: <a href="ap070613.html">Warped Sky: Star Trails Panorama</a><br>
2007 June 12: <a href="ap070612.html">Shuttle Plume</a><br>
2007 June 11: <a href="ap070611.html">The Merope Reflection Nebula</a><br>
2007 June 10: <a href="ap070610.html">Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth</a><br>
2007 June 09: <a href="ap070609.html">Globular Star Cluster M3</a><br>
2007 June 08: <a href="ap070608.html">Markarian's Eyes</a><br>
2007 June 07: <a href="ap070607.html">Great Mountain Moonrise</a><br>
2007 June 06: <a href="ap070606.html">Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2007 June 05: <a href="ap070605.html">Jet Approaching a Crescent Moon</a><br>
2007 June 04: <a href="ap070604.html">IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius</a><br>
2007 June 03: <a href="ap070603.html">Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to Moon</a><br>
2007 June 02: <a href="ap070602.html">3D Full Moon</a><br>
2007 June 01: <a href="ap070601.html">Messier 65</a><br>
2007 May 31: <a href="ap070531.html">Dwarf Galaxies in the Coma Cluster</a><br>
2007 May 30: <a href="ap070530.html">Liquid Sea on Saturn's Titan</a><br>
2007 May 29: <a href="ap070529.html">Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 from Hubble</a><br>
2007 May 28: <a href="ap070528.html">A Hole in Mars</a><br>
2007 May 27: <a href="ap070527.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2007 May 26: <a href="ap070526.html">The Moon's Saturn</a><br>
2007 May 25: <a href="ap070525.html">Jupiter, Vesta, and the Milky Way</a><br>
2007 May 24: <a href="ap070524.html">The Tulip in the Swan</a><br>
2007 May 23: <a href="ap070523.html">Venus Near the Moon</a><br>
2007 May 22: <a href="ap070522.html">Orange Sun Oozing</a><br>
2007 May 21: <a href="ap070521.html">In the Center of Reflection Nebula NGC 1333</a><br>
2007 May 20: <a href="ap070520.html">A Spherule from the Earth's Moon</a><br>
2007 May 19: <a href="ap070519.html">Circum-axial Leaf Trails</a><br>
2007 May 18: <a href="ap070518.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2007 May 17: <a href="ap070517.html">The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross</a><br>
2007 May 16: <a href="ap070516.html">Dark Matter Ring Modeled around Galaxy Cluster CL0024 17</a><br>
2007 May 15: <a href="ap070515.html">Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 in Ultraviolet from Galex</a><br>
2007 May 14: <a href="ap070514.html">Rotating Earth from Galileo</a><br>
2007 May 13: <a href="ap070513.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2007 May 12: <a href="ap070512.html">HD 189733b: Hot Jupiter</a><br>
2007 May 11: <a href="ap070511.html">LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2007 May 10: <a href="ap070510.html">SN 2006GY: Brightest Supernova</a><br>
2007 May 09: <a href="ap070509.html">The Snowflake Cluster versus the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2007 May 08: <a href="ap070508.html">A Dark Sky over Death Valley</a><br>
2007 May 07: <a href="ap070507.html">Europa Rising</a><br>
2007 May 06: <a href="ap070506.html">Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out</a><br>
2007 May 05: <a href="ap070505.html">Sombrero Galaxy Across the Spectrum</a><br>
2007 May 04: <a href="ap070504.html">The Iron Tail of Comet McNaught</a><br>
2007 May 03: <a href="ap070503.html">Small Galaxy NGC 4449</a><br>
2007 May 02: <a href="ap070502.html">Sunrise from the Surface of Gliese 581c</a><br>
2007 May 01: <a href="ap070501.html">Swirling Clouds Over the South Pole of Venus</a><br>
2007 April 30: <a href="ap070430.html">Dust Pillars of the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2007 April 29: <a href="ap070429.html">NGC 6302: Big, Bright, Bug Nebula</a><br>
2007 April 28: <a href="ap070428.html">Young Moon and Sister Stars</a><br>
2007 April 27: <a href="ap070427.html">M81 in Ursa Major</a><br>
2007 April 26: <a href="ap070426.html">Gliese 581 and the Habitable Zone</a><br>
2007 April 25: <a href="ap070425.html">Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble</a><br>
2007 April 24: <a href="ap070424.html">The Sun in Three Dimensions</a><br>
2007 April 23: <a href="ap070423.html">A Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station</a><br>
2007 April 22: <a href="ap070422.html">Smooth Sections on Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2007 April 21: <a href="ap070421.html">3D Face on Mars</a><br>
2007 April 20: <a href="ap070420.html">Pantheon Earth and Moon</a><br>
2007 April 19: <a href="ap070419.html">NGC 5139: Omega Centauri</a><br>
2007 April 18: <a href="ap070418.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672</a><br>
2007 April 17: <a href="ap070417.html">Water Claimed in Evaporating Planet HD 209458b</a><br>
2007 April 16: <a href="ap070416.html">MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula</a><br>
2007 April 15: <a href="ap070415.html">M3: Inconstant Star Cluster</a><br>
2007 April 14: <a href="ap070414.html">Venus by the Lake</a><br>
2007 April 13: <a href="ap070413.html">Seven Dusty Sisters</a><br>
2007 April 12: <a href="ap070412.html">The Cone Nebula Neighborhood</a><br>
2007 April 11: <a href="ap070411.html">The Arms of NGC 4258</a><br>
2007 April 10: <a href="ap070410.html">Saturn from Below</a><br>
2007 April 09: <a href="ap070409.html">Aurora Over Alaska</a><br>
2007 April 08: <a href="ap070408.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2007 April 07: <a href="ap070407.html">Three Years of Saturn</a><br>
2007 April 06: <a href="ap070406.html">Four Years of Saturn</a><br>
2007 April 05: <a href="ap070405.html">Asteroid and Galaxy</a><br>
2007 April 04: <a href="ap070404.html">New Horizons at Io</a><br>
2007 April 03: <a href="ap070403.html">A Mysterious Hexagonal Cloud System on Saturn</a><br>
2007 April 02: <a href="ap070402.html">An Active Sunspot Viewed Sideways</a><br>
2007 April 01: <a href="ap070401.html">Americans Defeat Russians in First Space Quidditch Match</a><br>
2007 March 31: <a href="ap070331.html">Hale-Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997</a><br>
2007 March 30: <a href="ap070330.html">Three Galaxies and a Comet</a><br>
2007 March 29: <a href="ap070329.html">Jupiter Moon Movie</a><br>
2007 March 28: <a href="ap070328.html">NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe</a><br>
2007 March 27: <a href="ap070327.html">Enceladus Creates Saturn's E Ring</a><br>
2007 March 26: <a href="ap070326.html">Bullet Pillars in Orion</a><br>
2007 March 25: <a href="ap070325.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
2007 March 24: <a href="ap070324.html">Lisbon Moonset</a><br>
2007 March 23: <a href="ap070323.html">Touran Sunrise</a><br>
2007 March 22: <a href="ap070322.html">Goa Silhouettes</a><br>
2007 March 21: <a href="ap070321.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 163</a><br>
2007 March 20: <a href="ap070320.html">A Blue Crescent Moon from Space</a><br>
2007 March 19: <a href="ap070319.html">Galaxy Group Hickson 44</a><br>
2007 March 18: <a href="ap070318.html">A Higher Dimensional Universe</a><br>
2007 March 17: <a href="ap070317.html">Eiffel Moon</a><br>
2007 March 16: <a href="ap070316.html">Eclipsing the Rings</a><br>
2007 March 15: <a href="ap070315.html">NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans</a><br>
2007 March 14: <a href="ap070314.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy M95</a><br>
2007 March 13: <a href="ap070313.html">Attacking Mars</a><br>
2007 March 12: <a href="ap070312.html">Watch Jupiter Rotate</a><br>
2007 March 11: <a href="ap070311.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2007 March 10: <a href="ap070310.html">Eclipse with Lighthouse</a><br>
2007 March 09: <a href="ap070309.html">Eclipse and Ecliptic</a><br>
2007 March 08: <a href="ap070308.html">Eclipsed Moon and Stars</a><br>
2007 March 07: <a href="ap070307.html">New Horizons Spacecraft Passes Jupiter</a><br>
2007 March 06: <a href="ap070306.html">Saturn from Above</a><br>
2007 March 05: <a href="ap070305.html">Illusion and Evolution in Galaxy Cluster Abell 2667</a><br>
2007 March 04: <a href="ap070304.html">Triton: Neptunes Largest Moon</a><br>
2007 March 03: <a href="ap070303.html">Lunar Transit from STEREO</a><br>
2007 March 02: <a href="ap070302.html">Solar Eclipse from the Moon</a><br>
2007 March 01: <a href="ap070301.html">Rosetta Over Mars</a><br>
2007 February 28: <a href="ap070228.html">Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 2170</a><br>
2007 February 27: <a href="ap070227.html">Atmospheres Detected on Two Extrasolar Planets</a><br>
2007 February 26: <a href="ap070226.html">A Rocket Debris Cloud Drifts</a><br>
2007 February 25: <a href="ap070225.html">The Far Side of the Moon</a><br>
2007 February 24: <a href="ap070224.html">X-rays and the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2007 February 23: <a href="ap070223.html">Dust and the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2007 February 22: <a href="ap070222.html">Mystery Over Australia</a><br>
2007 February 21: <a href="ap070221.html">Mira Over Germany</a><br>
2007 February 20: <a href="ap070220.html">White Ridges on Mars</a><br>
2007 February 19: <a href="ap070219.html">Nova Over Iran</a><br>
2007 February 18: <a href="ap070218.html">M16: Pillars of Creation</a><br>
2007 February 17: <a href="ap070217.html">Stereo Eros</a><br>
2007 February 16: <a href="ap070216.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685</a><br>
2007 February 15: <a href="ap070215.html">Planetary Nebula NGC 2440</a><br>
2007 February 14: <a href="ap070214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2007 February 13: <a href="ap070213.html">Vela Supernova Remnant in Visible Light</a><br>
2007 February 12: <a href="ap070212.html">Comet McNaught Over New Zealand</a><br>
2007 February 11: <a href="ap070211.html">Io: The Prometheus Plume</a><br>
2007 February 10: <a href="ap070210.html">Stars of the Galactic Center</a><br>
2007 February 09: <a href="ap070209.html">Ptolemaeus, Alphonsus and Arzachel</a><br>
2007 February 08: <a href="ap070208.html">Galaxies Away</a><br>
2007 February 07: <a href="ap070207.html">Liquid Lakes on Saturns Titan</a><br>
2007 February 06: <a href="ap070206.html">Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection</a><br>
2007 February 05: <a href="ap070205.html">Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning</a><br>
2007 February 04: <a href="ap070204.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2007 February 03: <a href="ap070203.html">Alborz Mountains in Moonlight</a><br>
2007 February 02: <a href="ap070202.html">Flame Nebula Close-Up</a><br>
2007 February 01: <a href="ap070201.html">A Tail of Two Hemispheres</a><br>
2007 January 31: <a href="ap070131.html">Movie: Cassini Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane</a><br>
2007 January 30: <a href="ap070130.html">Thor's Helmet from CFHT</a><br>
2007 January 29: <a href="ap070129.html">Movie: A Green Flash Over Italy</a><br>
2007 January 28: <a href="ap070128.html">Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2007 January 27: <a href="ap070127.html">Castle and Sky</a><br>
2007 January 26: <a href="ap070126.html">The Star Clusters of NGC 1313</a><br>
2007 January 25: <a href="ap070125.html">Orion's Cradle</a><br>
2007 January 24: <a href="ap070124.html">A Comet Tail Horizon</a><br>
2007 January 23: <a href="ap070123.html">The Milky Way Over Paranal</a><br>
2007 January 22: <a href="ap070122.html">The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught</a><br>
2007 January 21: <a href="ap070121.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2007 January 20: <a href="ap070120.html">SOHO: Comet McNaught Movie</a><br>
2007 January 19: <a href="ap070119.html">McNaught's Matinee</a><br>
2007 January 18: <a href="ap070118.html">Southern Comet</a><br>
2007 January 17: <a href="ap070117.html">Comet McNaught from New STEREO Satellite</a><br>
2007 January 16: <a href="ap070116.html">Keplers Supernova Remnant in X Rays</a><br>
2007 January 15: <a href="ap070115.html">Comet McNaught Over Catalonia</a><br>
2007 January 14: <a href="ap070114.html">Sgr A*: Fast Stars Near the Galactic Center </a><br>
2007 January 13: <a href="ap070113.html">Comet Over Krakow</a><br>
2007 January 12: <a href="ap070112.html">Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger</a><br>
2007 January 11: <a href="ap070111.html">The Eagle Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2007 January 10: <a href="ap070110.html">NGC 602 and Beyond</a><br>
2007 January 09: <a href="ap070109.html">McNaught Now Brightest Comet in Decades</a><br>
2007 January 08: <a href="ap070108.html">The Big Dipper</a><br>
2007 January 07: <a href="ap070107.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2007 January 06: <a href="ap070106.html">The Orion Deep Field</a><br>
2007 January 05: <a href="ap070105.html">Comet McNaught Heads for the Sun</a><br>
2007 January 04: <a href="ap070104.html">Central Cygnus</a><br>
2007 January 03: <a href="ap070103.html">Twenty Full Moons</a><br>
2007 January 02: <a href="ap070102.html">Light from the First Stars</a><br>
2007 January 01: <a href="ap070101.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2006 December 31: <a href="ap061231.html">A Year of Extraterrestrial Fountains and Flows</a><br>
2006 December 30: <a href="ap061230.html">Martian Analemma</a><br>
2006 December 29: <a href="ap061229.html">Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka</a><br>
2006 December 28: <a href="ap061228.html">Moon Over Andromeda</a><br>
2006 December 27: <a href="ap061227.html">IC 5067: Emission Nebula Close up</a><br>
2006 December 26: <a href="ap061226.html">The Gegenschein</a><br>
2006 December 25: <a href="ap061225.html">Upgrading the International Space Station</a><br>
2006 December 24: <a href="ap061224.html">Rumors of a Strange Universe</a><br>
2006 December 23: <a href="ap061223.html">The Analemma and the Temple of Olympian Zeus</a><br>
2006 December 22: <a href="ap061222.html">The View from Stereo Ahead</a><br>
2006 December 21: <a href="ap061221.html">Minotaur Dawn</a><br>
2006 December 20: <a href="ap061220.html">Star Forming Region NGC 6357</a><br>
2006 December 19: <a href="ap061219.html">Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24</a><br>
2006 December 18: <a href="ap061218.html">Aurora Over Iowa</a><br>
2006 December 17: <a href="ap061217.html">A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect</a><br>
2006 December 16: <a href="ap061216.html">A Path To Orion</a><br>
2006 December 15: <a href="ap061215.html">NGC 1055 and M77</a><br>
2006 December 14: <a href="ap061214.html">Mountains of Titan</a><br>
2006 December 13: <a href="ap061213.html">A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun</a><br>
2006 December 12: <a href="ap061212.html">Light Deposits Indicate Water Flowing on Mars</a><br>
2006 December 11: <a href="ap061211.html">IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2006 December 10: <a href="ap061210.html">Apollo 17 Panorama: Astronaut Running</a><br>
2006 December 09: <a href="ap061209.html">Three Planets in Dawn Skies</a><br>
2006 December 08: <a href="ap061208.html">NGC 2174: Emission Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2006 December 07: <a href="ap061207.html">The Outskirts of M77</a><br>
2006 December 06: <a href="ap061206.html">Spirit Rover on Mars Imaged from Orbit</a><br>
2006 December 05: <a href="ap061205.html">The Antikythera Mechanism</a><br>
2006 December 04: <a href="ap061204.html">Movie: The Active Sun</a><br>
2006 December 03: <a href="ap061203.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2006 December 02: <a href="ap061202.html">Star Trails at 19,000 Feet</a><br>
2006 December 01: <a href="ap061201.html">In the Arms of NGC 1097</a><br>
2006 November 30: <a href="ap061130.html">A Pelican in the Swan</a><br>
2006 November 29: <a href="ap061129.html">A Big Dish at the VLA Radio Observatory</a><br>
2006 November 28: <a href="ap061128.html">Unusual Starburst Galaxy NGC 1313</a><br>
2006 November 27: <a href="ap061127.html">Mysterious Spokes in Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2006 November 26: <a href="ap061126.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2006 November 25: <a href="ap061125.html">3D Mercury Transit</a><br>
2006 November 24: <a href="ap061124.html">Alpha Cam: Runaway Star</a><br>
2006 November 23: <a href="ap061123.html">Hydrogen in M33</a><br>
2006 November 22: <a href="ap061122.html">A Bucket Wheel Excavator on Earth</a><br>
2006 November 21: <a href="ap061121.html">A Leonid Meteor Over Sweden</a><br>
2006 November 20: <a href="ap061120.html">M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2006 November 19: <a href="ap061119.html">The Car, the Hole, and the Peekskill Meteorite</a><br>
2006 November 18: <a href="ap061118.html">Leonids and Leica</a><br>
2006 November 17: <a href="ap061117.html">Hand Drawn Transit</a><br>
2006 November 16: <a href="ap061116.html">Children of the Sun</a><br>
2006 November 15: <a href="ap061115.html">A Fog Bow Over California</a><br>
2006 November 14: <a href="ap061114.html">Mercurys Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun</a><br>
2006 November 13: <a href="ap061113.html">A Hurricane Over the South Pole of Saturn</a><br>
2006 November 12: <a href="ap061112.html">The Cats Eye Nebula</a><br>
2006 November 11: <a href="ap061111.html">M51: Cosmic Whirlpool</a><br>
2006 November 10: <a href="ap061110.html">Mercury and the Chromosphere</a><br>
2006 November 09: <a href="ap061109.html">Halo and Hexagons</a><br>
2006 November 08: <a href="ap061108.html">Simulated Transit of Mercury</a><br>
2006 November 07: <a href="ap061107.html">Janus: Potato Shaped Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2006 November 06: <a href="ap061106.html">The Ghostly Tail of Comet SWAN</a><br>
2006 November 05: <a href="ap061105.html">A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745</a><br>
2006 November 04: <a href="ap061104.html">Paranal Moonset</a><br>
2006 November 03: <a href="ap061103.html">V838 Mon: Echoes from the Edge</a><br>
2006 November 02: <a href="ap061102.html">Messier 76</a><br>
2006 November 01: <a href="ap061101.html">McMurdo Panorama from Mars</a><br>
2006 October 31: <a href="ap061031.html">SH2 136: A Spooky Nebula</a><br>
2006 October 30: <a href="ap061030.html">Crescent Venus and Moon</a><br>
2006 October 29: <a href="ap061029.html">The Sun Puffs</a><br>
2006 October 28: <a href="ap061028.html">Comet SWAN Outburst</a><br>
2006 October 27: <a href="ap061027.html">The Spider and The Fly</a><br>
2006 October 26: <a href="ap061026.html">Composite Crab</a><br>
2006 October 25: <a href="ap061025.html">Help Search for Interstellar Dust</a><br>
2006 October 24: <a href="ap061024.html">The Antennae Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2006 October 23: <a href="ap061023.html">Orionid Meteors Over Turkey</a><br>
2006 October 22: <a href="ap061022.html">Star EGGs in the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2006 October 21: <a href="ap061021.html">Tombaugh 4</a><br>
2006 October 20: <a href="ap061020.html">IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula</a><br>
2006 October 19: <a href="ap061019.html">SWAN Meets Galaxy</a><br>
2006 October 18: <a href="ap061018.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble</a><br>
2006 October 17: <a href="ap061017.html">Clouds and Sand on the Horizon of Mars</a><br>
2006 October 16: <a href="ap061016.html">In the Shadow of Saturn</a><br>
2006 October 15: <a href="ap061015.html">An Orion Deep Field</a><br>
2006 October 14: <a href="ap061014.html">Full Moon Crossing</a><br>
2006 October 13: <a href="ap061013.html">The Hubble SWEEPS Field</a><br>
2006 October 12: <a href="ap061012.html">Saturn's Infrared Glow</a><br>
2006 October 11: <a href="ap061011.html">Markarian's Chain of Galaxies</a><br>
2006 October 10: <a href="ap061010.html">Reflection Nebulas in Orion</a><br>
2006 October 09: <a href="ap061009.html">Mars Rover at Victoria Crater Imaged from Orbit</a><br>
2006 October 08: <a href="ap061008.html">CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2006 October 07: <a href="ap061007.html">COBE All Sky Map</a><br>
2006 October 06: <a href="ap061006.html">Dusty NGC 1333</a><br>
2006 October 05: <a href="ap061005.html">Hidden Galaxy IC 342</a><br>
2006 October 04: <a href="ap061004.html">Comet SWAN Brightens</a><br>
2006 October 03: <a href="ap061003.html">Light from the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2006 October 02: <a href="ap061002.html">Victoria Crater on Mars</a><br>
2006 October 01: <a href="ap061001.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2006 September 30: <a href="ap060930.html">STS 115: Stereo Portrait</a><br>
2006 September 29: <a href="ap060929.html">NGC 5905 and 5908</a><br>
2006 September 28: <a href="ap060928.html">RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2006 September 27: <a href="ap060927.html">Earth from Saturn</a><br>
2006 September 26: <a href="ap060926.html">Mars Express: Return to Cydonia</a><br>
2006 September 25: <a href="ap060925.html">Mars Express Close Up of the Face on Mars</a><br>
2006 September 24: <a href="ap060924.html">NGC 1499: The California Nebula</a><br>
2006 September 23: <a href="ap060923.html">Triple Sunrise</a><br>
2006 September 22: <a href="ap060922.html">Central IC 1805</a><br>
2006 September 21: <a href="ap060921.html">Sharp Silhouette</a><br>
2006 September 20: <a href="ap060920.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2006 September 19: <a href="ap060919.html">Beagle Crater on Mars</a><br>
2006 September 18: <a href="ap060918.html">Eris: The Largest Known Dwarf Planet</a><br>
2006 September 17: <a href="ap060917.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Florida</a><br>
2006 September 16: <a href="ap060916.html">Discovery Orbiter Anaglyph</a><br>
2006 September 15: <a href="ap060915.html">11 Hour Star Trails</a><br>
2006 September 14: <a href="ap060914.html">M33: Spiral Galaxy in Triangulum</a><br>
2006 September 13: <a href="ap060913.html">Atlantis to Orbit</a><br>
2006 September 12: <a href="ap060912.html">Saturn at Night</a><br>
2006 September 11: <a href="ap060911.html">Eclipsed Moon Rising Over England</a><br>
2006 September 10: <a href="ap060910.html">Star Clusters Young and Old</a><br>
2006 September 09: <a href="ap060909.html">Shadow Play</a><br>
2006 September 08: <a href="ap060908.html">Messier 110</a><br>
2006 September 07: <a href="ap060907.html">Colorful Moon Mosaic</a><br>
2006 September 06: <a href="ap060906.html">Green Aurora Over Lake Superior</a><br>
2006 September 05: <a href="ap060905.html">Bright Cliffs Across Saturns Moon Dione</a><br>
2006 September 04: <a href="ap060904.html">The Large Magellanic Cloud in Infrared</a><br>
2006 September 03: <a href="ap060903.html">Pluto in True Color</a><br>
2006 September 02: <a href="ap060902.html">Dusty Spiral M66</a><br>
2006 September 01: <a href="ap060901.html">Gemini South Star Trails</a><br>
2006 August 31: <a href="ap060831.html">Extra Galaxies</a><br>
2006 August 30: <a href="ap060830.html">A Backward Sunspot and the New Solar Cycle</a><br>
2006 August 29: <a href="ap060829.html">Supernova Remnant E0102 from Hubble</a><br>
2006 August 28: <a href="ap060828.html">Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations</a><br>
2006 August 27: <a href="ap060827.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2006 August 26: <a href="ap060826.html">Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph</a><br>
2006 August 25: <a href="ap060825.html">Blue Lagoon</a><br>
2006 August 24: <a href="ap060824.html">The Matter of the Bullet Cluster</a><br>
2006 August 23: <a href="ap060823.html">Sandy Gas Jets Hypothesized on Mars</a><br>
2006 August 22: <a href="ap060822.html">A Smoke Angel from Airplane Flares</a><br>
2006 August 21: <a href="ap060821.html">Ceres: Asteroid or Planet</a><br>
2006 August 20: <a href="ap060820.html">A Map of Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
2006 August 19: <a href="ap060819.html">Ceci n'est pas un Meteore</a><br>
2006 August 18: <a href="ap060818.html">Spitzer's Orion</a><br>
2006 August 17: <a href="ap060817.html">Comet Dust over Colorado</a><br>
2006 August 16: <a href="ap060816.html">The North America and Pelican Nebulas</a><br>
2006 August 15: <a href="ap060815.html">IC 410 and NGC 1893</a><br>
2006 August 14: <a href="ap060814.html">Cosmic Rays</a><br>
2006 August 13: <a href="ap060813.html">The Comet and the Galaxy</a><br>
2006 August 12: <a href="ap060812.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
2006 August 11: <a href="ap060811.html">Perseid in the Light</a><br>
2006 August 10: <a href="ap060810.html">Galactic Center Star Clusters</a><br>
2006 August 09: <a href="ap060809.html">Magellanic Morning</a><br>
2006 August 08: <a href="ap060808.html">Horse Head Shaped Reflection Nebula IC 4592</a><br>
2006 August 07: <a href="ap060807.html">An Erupting Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2006 August 06: <a href="ap060806.html">A Cerro Tololo Sky</a><br>
2006 August 05: <a href="ap060805.html">Still Life with NGC 2170</a><br>
2006 August 04: <a href="ap060804.html">Burns Cliff Anaglyph</a><br>
2006 August 03: <a href="ap060803.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
2006 August 02: <a href="ap060802.html">Methane Rain Possible on Titan</a><br>
2006 August 01: <a href="ap060801.html">The Milky Way over Utah</a><br>
2006 July 31: <a href="ap060731.html">Possible Methane Lakes on Titan</a><br>
2006 July 30: <a href="ap060730.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2006 July 29: <a href="ap060729.html">The Swarm</a><br>
2006 July 28: <a href="ap060728.html">Four Supernova Remnants</a><br>
2006 July 27: <a href="ap060727.html">NGC 7331 and Beyond</a><br>
2006 July 26: <a href="ap060726.html">Explosions from White Dwarf Star RS Oph</a><br>
2006 July 25: <a href="ap060725.html">Jupiters Two Largest Storms Nearly Collide</a><br>
2006 July 24: <a href="ap060724.html">The International Space Station on the Horizon</a><br>
2006 July 23: <a href="ap060723.html">The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon</a><br>
2006 July 22: <a href="ap060722.html">Mira: The Wonderful Star</a><br>
2006 July 21: <a href="ap060721.html">Strangers on Mars</a><br>
2006 July 20: <a href="ap060720.html">Constellation Construction</a><br>
2006 July 19: <a href="ap060719.html">Reflections on Planet Earth</a><br>
2006 July 18: <a href="ap060718.html">Noctilucent Clouds Over Sweden</a><br>
2006 July 17: <a href="ap060717.html">Venus Express Arrives at Venus</a><br>
2006 July 16: <a href="ap060716.html">The Galactic Center in Infrared</a><br>
2006 July 15: <a href="ap060715.html">Reflecting Merope</a><br>
2006 July 14: <a href="ap060714.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2006 July 13: <a href="ap060713.html">A Space Shuttle Climbs to Orbit</a><br>
2006 July 12: <a href="ap060712.html">A Manhattan Sunset</a><br>
2006 July 11: <a href="ap060711.html">Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn</a><br>
2006 July 10: <a href="ap060710.html">Dark Sun Sizzling</a><br>
2006 July 09: <a href="ap060709.html">The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2006 July 08: <a href="ap060708.html">Discovery in Motion</a><br>
2006 July 07: <a href="ap060707.html">Bright Galaxy M81</a><br>
2006 July 06: <a href="ap060706.html">NGC 6888: A Tricolor Starfield</a><br>
2006 July 05: <a href="ap060705.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2403 from Subaru</a><br>
2006 July 04: <a href="ap060704.html">Elliptical Galaxy Centaurus A from CFHT</a><br>
2006 July 03: <a href="ap060703.html">The View toward Husband Hill on Mars</a><br>
2006 July 02: <a href="ap060702.html">Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas</a><br>
2006 July 01: <a href="ap060701.html">Wind from a Black Hole</a><br>
2006 June 30: <a href="ap060630.html">The Antennae</a><br>
2006 June 29: <a href="ap060629.html">Old Moon and Sister Stars</a><br>
2006 June 28: <a href="ap060628.html">The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
2006 June 27: <a href="ap060627.html">The Moving Moons of Saturn</a><br>
2006 June 26: <a href="ap060626.html">Starry Night</a><br>
2006 June 25: <a href="ap060625.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2006 June 24: <a href="ap060624.html">Nix and Hydra</a><br>
2006 June 23: <a href="ap060623.html">East of Antares</a><br>
2006 June 22: <a href="ap060622.html">Planets, Bees, and a Donkey</a><br>
2006 June 21: <a href="ap060621.html">Sunrise Solstice at Stonehenge</a><br>
2006 June 20: <a href="ap060620.html">Hideaway</a><br>
2006 June 19: <a href="ap060619.html">Bright Star Regulus near the Leo 1 Dwarf Galaxy</a><br>
2006 June 18: <a href="ap060618.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2006 June 17: <a href="ap060617.html">Saturn, Mars, and the Beehive Cluster</a><br>
2006 June 16: <a href="ap060616.html">APOD Turns Eleven</a><br>
2006 June 15: <a href="ap060615.html">Gordel van Venus</a><br>
2006 June 14: <a href="ap060614.html">Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2006 June 13: <a href="ap060613.html">Driving Toward a Sun Halo</a><br>
2006 June 12: <a href="ap060612.html">Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866</a><br>
2006 June 11: <a href="ap060611.html">Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2006 June 10: <a href="ap060610.html">Moon Over Haleakala</a><br>
2006 June 09: <a href="ap060609.html">Infrared Andromeda</a><br>
2006 June 08: <a href="ap060608.html">Enceladus Ice Volcanos</a><br>
2006 June 07: <a href="ap060607.html">An Alaskan Volcano Erupts</a><br>
2006 June 06: <a href="ap060606.html">NGC 6164: A Bipolar Emission Nebula</a><br>
2006 June 05: <a href="ap060605.html">The Road to Victoria Crater on Mars</a><br>
2006 June 04: <a href="ap060604.html">The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral</a><br>
2006 June 03: <a href="ap060603.html">Gamma Ray Earth</a><br>
2006 June 02: <a href="ap060602.html">IC 443: Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star</a><br>
2006 June 01: <a href="ap060601.html">Reflections on NGC 6188</a><br>
2006 May 31: <a href="ap060531.html">Simulated Gamma ray Sky</a><br>
2006 May 30: <a href="ap060530.html">Ancient Craters on Saturns Rhea</a><br>
2006 May 29: <a href="ap060529.html">The NASA Television Channel</a><br>
2006 May 28: <a href="ap060528.html">GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole</a><br>
2006 May 27: <a href="ap060527.html">Gamma Ray Moon</a><br>
2006 May 26: <a href="ap060526.html">Omega Centauri</a><br>
2006 May 25: <a href="ap060525.html">NGC 1579: Trifid of the North</a><br>
2006 May 24: <a href="ap060524.html">A Five Quasar Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2006 May 23: <a href="ap060523.html">Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Passes the Earth</a><br>
2006 May 22: <a href="ap060522.html">Maneuvering in Space</a><br>
2006 May 21: <a href="ap060521.html">An Intermediate Polar Binary System</a><br>
2006 May 20: <a href="ap060520.html">Elliptical Galaxy M87</a><br>
2006 May 19: <a href="ap060519.html">The Gum Nebula</a><br>
2006 May 18: <a href="ap060518.html">Shell Game in the LMC</a><br>
2006 May 17: <a href="ap060517.html">The Host Galaxies of Long Duration GRBs</a><br>
2006 May 16: <a href="ap060516.html">The International Space Station from Above</a><br>
2006 May 15: <a href="ap060515.html">Volcanic Bumpy Boulder on Mars</a><br>
2006 May 14: <a href="ap060514.html">The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes</a><br>
2006 May 13: <a href="ap060513.html">Crumbling Comet</a><br>
2006 May 12: <a href="ap060512.html">Comet Meets Ring Nebula: Part II</a><br>
2006 May 11: <a href="ap060511.html">Comet Meets Ring Nebula: Part I</a><br>
2006 May 10: <a href="ap060510.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2006 May 09: <a href="ap060509.html">Rock Slab Growing at Mt St Helens Volcano</a><br>
2006 May 08: <a href="ap060508.html">Descent Panorama of Saturns Titan</a><br>
2006 May 07: <a href="ap060507.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2006 May 06: <a href="ap060506.html">Three Galaxies in Draco</a><br>
2006 May 05: <a href="ap060505.html">Jupiter and the Red Spots</a><br>
2006 May 04: <a href="ap060504.html">Schwassmann-Wachmann 3: Fragment B</a><br>
2006 May 03: <a href="ap060503.html">Saturn in Blue and Gold</a><br>
2006 May 02: <a href="ap060502.html">Sunspot 875 Flares</a><br>
2006 May 01: <a href="ap060501.html">Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box</a><br>
2006 April 30: <a href="ap060430.html">1006 AD: Supernova in the Sky</a><br>
2006 April 29: <a href="ap060429.html">Skylab Over Earth</a><br>
2006 April 28: <a href="ap060428.html">NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea</a><br>
2006 April 27: <a href="ap060427.html">NGC 4696: Energy from a Black Hole</a><br>
2006 April 26: <a href="ap060426.html">Crumbling Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Approaches</a><br>
2006 April 25: <a href="ap060425.html">M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind</a><br>
2006 April 24: <a href="ap060424.html">Star Clouds over Arizona</a><br>
2006 April 23: <a href="ap060423.html">The Solar Spectrum</a><br>
2006 April 22: <a href="ap060422.html">Z is for Mars</a><br>
2006 April 21: <a href="ap060421.html">NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe</a><br>
2006 April 20: <a href="ap060420.html">A Dust Cloud in NGC 281</a><br>
2006 April 19: <a href="ap060419.html">Mars and the Star Clusters</a><br>
2006 April 18: <a href="ap060418.html">NGC 246 and the Dying Star</a><br>
2006 April 17: <a href="ap060417.html">Barnard's Loop around the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2006 April 16: <a href="ap060416.html">A Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2006 April 15: <a href="ap060415.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82</a><br>
2006 April 14: <a href="ap060414.html">Smoke from the Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
2006 April 13: <a href="ap060413.html">Star Cluster Dreams</a><br>
2006 April 12: <a href="ap060412.html">Binary Black Hole in 3C 75</a><br>
2006 April 11: <a href="ap060411.html">A Sun Halo over Utah</a><br>
2006 April 10: <a href="ap060410.html">Mars: The View from HiRISE</a><br>
2006 April 09: <a href="ap060409.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2006 April 08: <a href="ap060408.html">Vanishing Umbra</a><br>
2006 April 07: <a href="ap060407.html">The Crown of the Sun</a><br>
2006 April 06: <a href="ap060406.html">Unusual Bright Soil on Mars</a><br>
2006 April 05: <a href="ap060405.html">Slightly Beneath Saturn's Ring Plane</a><br>
2006 April 04: <a href="ap060404.html">A Total Solar Eclipse over Turkey</a><br>
2006 April 03: <a href="ap060403.html">Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis</a><br>
2006 April 02: <a href="ap060402.html">A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars</a><br>
2006 April 01: <a href="ap060401.html">Hubble Resolves Expiration Date For Green Cheese Moon</a><br>
2006 March 31: <a href="ap060331.html">Solar Eclipse and SOHO</a><br>
2006 March 30: <a href="ap060330.html">When Diamonds Aren't Forever</a><br>
2006 March 29: <a href="ap060329.html">Green and Black Auroras Over Norway</a><br>
2006 March 28: <a href="ap060328.html">Animation of Asteroids Passing Near Earth</a><br>
2006 March 27: <a href="ap060327.html">Moonquakes Surprisingly Common</a><br>
2006 March 26: <a href="ap060326.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2006 March 25: <a href="ap060325.html">Northern Spring on Mars</a><br>
2006 March 24: <a href="ap060324.html">When Roses Aren't Red</a><br>
2006 March 23: <a href="ap060323.html">Inflating the Universe</a><br>
2006 March 22: <a href="ap060322.html">Enceladus Near Saturn</a><br>
2006 March 21: <a href="ap060321.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2006 March 20: <a href="ap060320.html">Super Earths May Circle Other Stars</a><br>
2006 March 19: <a href="ap060319.html">Our Busy Solar System</a><br>
2006 March 18: <a href="ap060318.html">Red Spot Jr</a><br>
2006 March 17: <a href="ap060317.html">The Big Dipper Cluster</a><br>
2006 March 16: <a href="ap060316.html">Eta and Keyhole in the Carina Nebula</a><br>
2006 March 15: <a href="ap060315.html">McCool Hill on Mars</a><br>
2006 March 14: <a href="ap060314.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2006 March 13: <a href="ap060313.html">Z Machine Sets Unexpected Earth Temperature Record</a><br>
2006 March 12: <a href="ap060312.html">Globular Cluster M3 from WIYN</a><br>
2006 March 11: <a href="ap060311.html">Colors of Comet Pojmanski</a><br>
2006 March 10: <a href="ap060310.html">Enceladus and the Search for Water</a><br>
2006 March 09: <a href="ap060309.html">Trio Leo</a><br>
2006 March 08: <a href="ap060308.html">Earth's Shrinking Antarctic Ice Sheet</a><br>
2006 March 07: <a href="ap060307.html">A Nearby Supernova in Spiral Galaxy M100</a><br>
2006 March 06: <a href="ap060306.html">Unexpected Comet Pojmanski Now Visible</a><br>
2006 March 05: <a href="ap060305.html">Colorful Light Pillars</a><br>
2006 March 04: <a href="ap060304.html">The Galaxy Within Centaurus A</a><br>
2006 March 03: <a href="ap060303.html">Venus and Comet Pojmanski</a><br>
2006 March 02: <a href="ap060302.html">Messier 101</a><br>
2006 March 01: <a href="ap060301.html">Multiverses: Do Other Universes Exist?</a><br>
2006 February 28: <a href="ap060228.html">The Flaming Star Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2006 February 27: <a href="ap060227.html">GRB 060218: A Mysterious Transient</a><br>
2006 February 26: <a href="ap060226.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2006 February 25: <a href="ap060225.html">SOFIA's Window Seat</a><br>
2006 February 24: <a href="ap060224.html">Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuci</a><br>
2006 February 23: <a href="ap060223.html">Saturn Storm by Ringshine</a><br>
2006 February 22: <a href="ap060222.html">An Unusually Smooth Surface on Saturns Telesto</a><br>
2006 February 21: <a href="ap060221.html">Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2006 February 20: <a href="ap060220.html">SuitSat1: A Spacesuit Floats Free</a><br>
2006 February 19: <a href="ap060219.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars</a><br>
2006 February 18: <a href="ap060218.html">Mir Dreams</a><br>
2006 February 17: <a href="ap060217.html">Supernova Remnant and Shock Wave</a><br>
2006 February 16: <a href="ap060216.html">The Color of the Moon</a><br>
2006 February 15: <a href="ap060215.html">Rotating Titan in Infrared Light</a><br>
2006 February 14: <a href="ap060214.html">Dust and Light in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2006 February 13: <a href="ap060213.html">The N44 Emission Nebula</a><br>
2006 February 12: <a href="ap060212.html">Phoebe: Comet Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2006 February 11: <a href="ap060211.html">Plato and the Lunar Alps</a><br>
2006 February 10: <a href="ap060210.html">M8: The Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2006 February 09: <a href="ap060209.html">NGC 1309 and Friends</a><br>
2006 February 08: <a href="ap060208.html">The Great Basin on Tethys</a><br>
2006 February 07: <a href="ap060207.html">UB313: Larger than Pluto</a><br>
2006 February 06: <a href="ap060206.html">The N44 Superbubble</a><br>
2006 February 05: <a href="ap060205.html">A Sun Pillar in Red and Violet</a><br>
2006 February 04: <a href="ap060204.html">Shadow Set</a><br>
2006 February 03: <a href="ap060203.html">Cosmic Tornado HH 49 50</a><br>
2006 February 02: <a href="ap060202.html">Thor's Helmet in H-Alpha</a><br>
2006 February 01: <a href="ap060201.html">Venus Just After Sunset</a><br>
2006 January 31: <a href="ap060131.html">Huygens on Titan Illustrated</a><br>
2006 January 30: <a href="ap060130.html">NGC 1999: South of Orion</a><br>
2006 January 29: <a href="ap060129.html">Volcano and Aurora in Iceland</a><br>
2006 January 28: <a href="ap060128.html">Saturn in the Hive</a><br>
2006 January 27: <a href="ap060127.html">A New Storm on Saturn</a><br>
2006 January 26: <a href="ap060126.html">An Unusual Two Toned Rock on Mars</a><br>
2006 January 25: <a href="ap060125.html">The Expanding Light Echoes of SN 1987A</a><br>
2006 January 24: <a href="ap060124.html">New Horizons Launches to Pluto</a><br>
2006 January 23: <a href="ap060123.html">The LMC Galaxy in Glowing Gas</a><br>
2006 January 22: <a href="ap060122.html">D.rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts</a><br>
2006 January 21: <a href="ap060121.html">Apollo 12: Self-Portrait</a><br>
2006 January 20: <a href="ap060120.html">LL Ori and the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2006 January 19: <a href="ap060119.html">Orion Nebula: The Hubble View</a><br>
2006 January 18: <a href="ap060118.html">Cartwheel Of Fortune</a><br>
2006 January 17: <a href="ap060117.html">A Roll Cloud Over Missouri</a><br>
2006 January 16: <a href="ap060116.html">Stardust Capsule Returns to Earth</a><br>
2006 January 15: <a href="ap060115.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from HST</a><br>
2006 January 14: <a href="ap060114.html">Lunokhod: Moon Robot</a><br>
2006 January 13: <a href="ap060113.html">Stars of the Galactic Center</a><br>
2006 January 12: <a href="ap060112.html">Infrared Helix</a><br>
2006 January 11: <a href="ap060111.html">The Tadpoles of IC 410</a><br>
2006 January 10: <a href="ap060110.html">The Phases of Venus</a><br>
2006 January 09: <a href="ap060109.html">M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2006 January 08: <a href="ap060108.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail</a><br>
2006 January 07: <a href="ap060107.html">Apollo 17's Moonship</a><br>
2006 January 06: <a href="ap060106.html">The Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2006 January 05: <a href="ap060105.html">New Year Mars Panorama</a><br>
2006 January 04: <a href="ap060104.html">Hauoli Makahiki Hou</a><br>
2006 January 03: <a href="ap060103.html">Dark Terrain on Saturn's Iapetus</a><br>
2006 January 02: <a href="ap060102.html">A Sun Pillar Over Maine</a><br>
2006 January 01: <a href="ap060101.html">The Largest Rock in the Solar System</a><br>
2005 December 31: <a href="ap051231.html">A Year at Saturn</a><br>
2005 December 30: <a href="ap051230.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2005 December 29: <a href="ap051229.html">The Iris Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2005 December 28: <a href="ap051228.html">Smooth Sections on Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2005 December 27: <a href="ap051227.html">IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2005 December 26: <a href="ap051226.html">SN 1006: Supernova Remnant in X-Rays</a><br>
2005 December 25: <a href="ap051225.html">The Mysterious Cone Nebula</a><br>
2005 December 24: <a href="ap051224.html">Earthrise</a><br>
2005 December 23: <a href="ap051223.html">Hydrogen and Dust in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2005 December 22: <a href="ap051222.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2005 December 21: <a href="ap051221.html">Sunrise by Season</a><br>
2005 December 20: <a href="ap051220.html">Star Trails Above Mauna Kea</a><br>
2005 December 19: <a href="ap051219.html">Thin Rings Around Polarized Saturn</a><br>
2005 December 18: <a href="ap051218.html">M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT</a><br>
2005 December 17: <a href="ap051217.html">Apollo 17: Last on the Moon</a><br>
2005 December 16: <a href="ap051216.html">GLIMPSE the Milky Way</a><br>
2005 December 15: <a href="ap051215.html">Autumn Moon Encore</a><br>
2005 December 14: <a href="ap051214.html">A Digital Opportunity Rover on Mars</a><br>
2005 December 13: <a href="ap051213.html">620 Kilometers Above Rhea</a><br>
2005 December 12: <a href="ap051212.html">30 Doradus: The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2005 December 11: <a href="ap051211.html">R136: The Massive Stars of 30 Doradus</a><br>
2005 December 10: <a href="ap051210.html">The Last Moon Shot</a><br>
2005 December 09: <a href="ap051209.html">December Moon Meets Evening Star</a><br>
2005 December 08: <a href="ap051208.html">X-Rays from the Perseus Cluster Core</a><br>
2005 December 07: <a href="ap051207.html">Europe at Night</a><br>
2005 December 06: <a href="ap051206.html">The Veil Nebula Unveiled</a><br>
2005 December 05: <a href="ap051205.html">Ice Fountains Discovered on Saturns Enceladus</a><br>
2005 December 04: <a href="ap051204.html">Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star</a><br>
2005 December 03: <a href="ap051203.html">Astro 1 In Orbit</a><br>
2005 December 02: <a href="ap051202.html">Crab Nebula Mosaic from HST</a><br>
2005 December 01: <a href="ap051201.html">SOHO's Uninterrupted View of the Sun</a><br>
2005 November 30: <a href="ap051130.html">Reflections on the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2005 November 29: <a href="ap051129.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant from Palomar</a><br>
2005 November 28: <a href="ap051128.html">Vista Inside Gusev Crater on Mars</a><br>
2005 November 27: <a href="ap051127.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2005 November 26: <a href="ap051126.html">A Stereo Sun</a><br>
2005 November 25: <a href="ap051125.html">Moon Over Antarctica</a><br>
2005 November 24: <a href="ap051124.html">Dusty NGC 1333</a><br>
2005 November 23: <a href="ap051123.html">Pandora: A Shepherd Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2005 November 22: <a href="ap051122.html">A Galactic Collision in Cluster Abell 1185</a><br>
2005 November 21: <a href="ap051121.html">The Missing Craters of Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2005 November 20: <a href="ap051120.html">Rays from an Unexpected Aurora</a><br>
2005 November 19: <a href="ap051119.html">NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2005 November 18: <a href="ap051118.html">The 37 Cluster</a><br>
2005 November 17: <a href="ap051117.html">Young Stars of NGC 346</a><br>
2005 November 16: <a href="ap051116.html">A Robots Shadow on Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2005 November 15: <a href="ap051115.html">A Taurid Meteor Fireball</a><br>
2005 November 14: <a href="ap051114.html">Everest Panorama from Mars</a><br>
2005 November 13: <a href="ap051113.html">Lunation</a><br>
2005 November 12: <a href="ap051112.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
2005 November 11: <a href="ap051111.html">Mountains of Creation</a><br>
2005 November 10: <a href="ap051110.html">Gravitational Tractor</a><br>
2005 November 09: <a href="ap051109.html">A Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2005 November 08: <a href="ap051108.html">The Drifts of Mars</a><br>
2005 November 07: <a href="ap051107.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2005 November 06: <a href="ap051106.html">A Sunspot Up Close</a><br>
2005 November 05: <a href="ap051105.html">Aurora from Space</a><br>
2005 November 04: <a href="ap051104.html">M78: Stardust and Starlight</a><br>
2005 November 03: <a href="ap051103.html">Possible Pluto Moons</a><br>
2005 November 02: <a href="ap051102.html">Epimetheus and Janus: Interchangeable Moons of Saturn</a><br>
2005 November 01: <a href="ap051101.html">A Soyuz Spacecraft Approaches the Space Station</a><br>
2005 October 31: <a href="ap051031.html">A Martian Halloween</a><br>
2005 October 30: <a href="ap051030.html">A Dark and Stormy Night</a><br>
2005 October 29: <a href="ap051029.html">NGC 3242: The Ghost of Jupiter</a><br>
2005 October 28: <a href="ap051028.html">October Mars</a><br>
2005 October 27: <a href="ap051027.html">The Last Titan</a><br>
2005 October 26: <a href="ap051026.html">4500 Kilometers Above Dione</a><br>
2005 October 25: <a href="ap051025.html">Supernova Remnant N132D in Optical and X Rays</a><br>
2005 October 24: <a href="ap051024.html">Angular Sand on Martian Hills</a><br>
2005 October 23: <a href="ap051023.html">At the Center of the Milky Way</a><br>
2005 October 22: <a href="ap051022.html">Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble</a><br>
2005 October 21: <a href="ap051021.html">Ringside</a><br>
2005 October 20: <a href="ap051020.html">The Andromeda Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2005 October 19: <a href="ap051019.html">On the Possibility of Ascending to Mars</a><br>
2005 October 18: <a href="ap051018.html">AE Aurigae: The Flaming Star</a><br>
2005 October 17: <a href="ap051017.html">Short Gamma Ray Bursts Localized</a><br>
2005 October 16: <a href="ap051016.html">Astronomy Quilt of the Week</a><br>
2005 October 15: <a href="ap051015.html">Dusty Environs of Eta Carinae</a><br>
2005 October 14: <a href="ap051014.html">Eclipse Shirt</a><br>
2005 October 13: <a href="ap051013.html">Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka</a><br>
2005 October 12: <a href="ap051012.html">Cratered Cliffs of Ice on Saturns Tethys</a><br>
2005 October 11: <a href="ap051011.html">NGC 869 and NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster</a><br>
2005 October 10: <a href="ap051010.html">The Swirling Storms of Saturn</a><br>
2005 October 09: <a href="ap051009.html">Rollout of Soyuz TMA 2 Aboard an R7 Rocket</a><br>
2005 October 08: <a href="ap051008.html">Peculiar Arp 295</a><br>
2005 October 07: <a href="ap051007.html">Eclipse Madrid</a><br>
2005 October 06: <a href="ap051006.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1350</a><br>
2005 October 05: <a href="ap051005.html">An Annular Solar Eclipse at High Resolution</a><br>
2005 October 04: <a href="ap051004.html">The Milky Way in Stars and Dust</a><br>
2005 October 03: <a href="ap051003.html">Saturns Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters</a><br>
2005 October 02: <a href="ap051002.html">Magma Bubbles from Mt Etna</a><br>
2005 October 01: <a href="ap051001.html">NGC 613: Spiral of Dust and Stars</a><br>
2005 September 30: <a href="ap050930.html">IC 1396 H-Alpha Close-Up</a><br>
2005 September 29: <a href="ap050929.html">An Unexplored Nebula</a><br>
2005 September 28: <a href="ap050928.html">A Rocket Launch at Sunset</a><br>
2005 September 27: <a href="ap050927.html">The Star Pillars of Sharpless 171</a><br>
2005 September 26: <a href="ap050926.html">Streams of Stars in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2005 September 25: <a href="ap050925.html">WMAP Resolves the Universe</a><br>
2005 September 24: <a href="ap050924.html">Cat's Eye</a><br>
2005 September 23: <a href="ap050923.html">Portrait of RY Tauri</a><br>
2005 September 22: <a href="ap050922.html">Orange Moon, Red Flash</a><br>
2005 September 21: <a href="ap050921.html">Shoreline Terrain on Saturns Titan</a><br>
2005 September 20: <a href="ap050920.html">M1: The Crab Nebula from NOT</a><br>
2005 September 19: <a href="ap050919.html">Approaching Asteroid Itokawa</a><br>
2005 September 18: <a href="ap050918.html">M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2005 September 17: <a href="ap050917.html">The Shadow of Phobos</a><br>
2005 September 16: <a href="ap050916.html">Northern Lights, September Skies</a><br>
2005 September 15: <a href="ap050915.html">The Nucleus of Comet Tempel 1</a><br>
2005 September 14: <a href="ap050914.html">The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light</a><br>
2005 September 13: <a href="ap050913.html">A Quadruple Sky Over Great Salt Lake</a><br>
2005 September 12: <a href="ap050912.html">The Colliding Galaxies of NGC 520</a><br>
2005 September 11: <a href="ap050911.html">Jupiters Clouds from Cassini</a><br>
2005 September 10: <a href="ap050910.html">Supernova Survivor</a><br>
2005 September 09: <a href="ap050909.html">Moon River</a><br>
2005 September 08: <a href="ap050908.html">IC 1396 in Cepheus</a><br>
2005 September 07: <a href="ap050907.html">The View from Husband Hill on Mars</a><br>
2005 September 06: <a href="ap050906.html">Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus</a><br>
2005 September 05: <a href="ap050905.html">Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae from SALT</a><br>
2005 September 04: <a href="ap050904.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2005 September 03: <a href="ap050903.html">Venus Unveiled</a><br>
2005 September 02: <a href="ap050902.html">X-Ray Portrait of Trumpler 14</a><br>
2005 September 01: <a href="ap050901.html">One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725</a><br>
2005 August 31: <a href="ap050831.html">Crepuscular Rays Over Utah</a><br>
2005 August 30: <a href="ap050830.html">Albireo: A Bright and Beautiful Double</a><br>
2005 August 29: <a href="ap050829.html">Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico</a><br>
2005 August 28: <a href="ap050828.html"> Muon Wobble Possible Door to Supersymmetric Universe</a><br>
2005 August 27: <a href="ap050827.html">3D International Space Station</a><br>
2005 August 26: <a href="ap050826.html">Full Moon, Green Rim</a><br>
2005 August 25: <a href="ap050825.html">Barred Spiral Milky Way</a><br>
2005 August 24: <a href="ap050824.html">Epimetheus: A Small Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2005 August 23: <a href="ap050823.html">NGC 281: The Pacman Nebula</a><br>
2005 August 22: <a href="ap050822.html">Desolate Mars: Rub al Khali</a><br>
2005 August 21: <a href="ap050821.html">A Lenticular Cloud Over Hawaii</a><br>
2005 August 20: <a href="ap050820.html">The Stars of NGC 300</a><br>
2005 August 19: <a href="ap050819.html">NGC 1 and NGC 2</a><br>
2005 August 18: <a href="ap050818.html">Sylvia, Romulus and Remus</a><br>
2005 August 17: <a href="ap050817.html">Planets over Paranal</a><br>
2005 August 16: <a href="ap050816.html">The International Space Station from Orbit</a><br>
2005 August 15: <a href="ap050815.html">Perseid Meteors and the Milky Way</a><br>
2005 August 14: <a href="ap050814.html">Heating Coronal Loops</a><br>
2005 August 13: <a href="ap050813.html">SNR 0103 72.6: Oxygen Supply</a><br>
2005 August 12: <a href="ap050812.html">A Perseid Meteor Shower Fireball Movie</a><br>
2005 August 11: <a href="ap050811.html">Young Suns of NGC 7129</a><br>
2005 August 10: <a href="ap050810.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2005 August 09: <a href="ap050809.html">The Belt of Venus over Elwood Beach</a><br>
2005 August 08: <a href="ap050808.html">Mars to Appear Normal this August</a><br>
2005 August 07: <a href="ap050807.html">Dueling Auroras</a><br>
2005 August 06: <a href="ap050806.html">Raining Perseids</a><br>
2005 August 05: <a href="ap050805.html">HD 188753: Triple Sunset</a><br>
2005 August 04: <a href="ap050804.html">Stars Young and Old</a><br>
2005 August 03: <a href="ap050803.html">The Busy Center of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2005 August 02: <a href="ap050802.html">A Shuttle Back Flip at the Space Station</a><br>
2005 August 01: <a href="ap050801.html">2003 UB 313: A Tenth Planet?</a><br>
2005 July 31: <a href="ap050731.html">Solar System Object Larger than Pluto Discovered</a><br>
2005 July 30: <a href="ap050730.html">M106 in Canes Venatici</a><br>
2005 July 29: <a href="ap050729.html">ISS and Discovery Transit the Sun</a><br>
2005 July 28: <a href="ap050728.html">Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39</a><br>
2005 July 27: <a href="ap050727.html">America Returns to Space Flight</a><br>
2005 July 26: <a href="ap050726.html">Hyperion: Sponge Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2005 July 25: <a href="ap050725.html">Unusual Gas Filaments Surround Galaxy NGC 1275</a><br>
2005 July 24: <a href="ap050724.html">A Chicago Meteorite Fall</a><br>
2005 July 23: <a href="ap050723.html">Ringed Nebulae</a><br>
2005 July 22: <a href="ap050722.html">Tethys, Rings, and Shadows</a><br>
2005 July 21: <a href="ap050721.html">X-Ray Stars of 47 Tuc</a><br>
2005 July 20: <a href="ap050720.html">Water Ice in a Maritan Crater</a><br>
2005 July 19: <a href="ap050719.html">A Nearby Supernova in M51</a><br>
2005 July 18: <a href="ap050718.html">Deep Impact on Comet Tempel 1 from Hubble</a><br>
2005 July 17: <a href="ap050717.html">The Center of Centaurus A</a><br>
2005 July 16: <a href="ap050716.html">Galaxy Group HCG 87</a><br>
2005 July 15: <a href="ap050715.html">Reflections on the Inner Solar System</a><br>
2005 July 14: <a href="ap050714.html">Star Trails Over Vienna</a><br>
2005 July 13: <a href="ap050713.html">Analemma of the Moon</a><br>
2005 July 12: <a href="ap050712.html">Launch of the Red Bird</a><br>
2005 July 11: <a href="ap050711.html">Sunrise Over Kilimanjaro</a><br>
2005 July 10: <a href="ap050710.html">In the Center of the Trapezium</a><br>
2005 July 09: <a href="ap050709.html">The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2005 July 08: <a href="ap050708.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge</a><br>
2005 July 07: <a href="ap050707.html">Fire Glow and Star Trails at Sunset Crater</a><br>
2005 July 06: <a href="ap050706.html">The Landscape on Comet Tempel 1</a><br>
2005 July 05: <a href="ap050705.html">Thirteen Seconds After Impact</a><br>
2005 July 04: <a href="ap050704.html">A Panorama from Mauna Kea</a><br>
2005 July 03: <a href="ap050703.html">A Swift Look at Tempel 1</a><br>
2005 July 02: <a href="ap050702.html">Three Planets by the Sea</a><br>
2005 July 01: <a href="ap050701.html">Ring Around Fomalhaut</a><br>
2005 June 30: <a href="ap050630.html">Three Planets from Mt Hamilton</a><br>
2005 June 29: <a href="ap050629.html">Thirteen Million Kilometers from Comet Tempel 1</a><br>
2005 June 28: <a href="ap050628.html">The Giant Radio Lobes of Fornax A</a><br>
2005 June 27: <a href="ap050627.html">Globular Cluster M22 from CFHT</a><br>
2005 June 26: <a href="ap050626.html">The 2MASS Galaxy Sky</a><br>
2005 June 25: <a href="ap050625.html">Venus: Just Passing By</a><br>
2005 June 24: <a href="ap050624.html">Planets in the West</a><br>
2005 June 23: <a href="ap050623.html">Moonrise, Cape Sounion, Greece</a><br>
2005 June 22: <a href="ap050622.html">Saturn's Rings from the Other Side</a><br>
2005 June 21: <a href="ap050621.html">The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation</a><br>
2005 June 20: <a href="ap050620.html">Sunset Over Gusev Crater</a><br>
2005 June 19: <a href="ap050619.html">Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
2005 June 18: <a href="ap050618.html">Visitors Galaxy Gallery</a><br>
2005 June 17: <a href="ap050617.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2005 June 16: <a href="ap050616.html">APOD Is Ten Years Old Today</a><br>
2005 June 15: <a href="ap050615.html">Cassiopeia A Light Echoes in Infrared</a><br>
2005 June 14: <a href="ap050614.html">Gliese 876 System Includes Large Terrestrial Planet</a><br>
2005 June 13: <a href="ap050613.html">Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas</a><br>
2005 June 12: <a href="ap050612.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2005 June 11: <a href="ap050611.html">Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2005 June 10: <a href="ap050610.html">Titan's Cryovolcano</a><br>
2005 June 09: <a href="ap050609.html">Venus Returns to the Evening Sky</a><br>
2005 June 08: <a href="ap050608.html">Rampaging Supernova Remnant N63A</a><br>
2005 June 07: <a href="ap050607.html">Galaxies in View</a><br>
2005 June 06: <a href="ap050606.html">Saturn: Dirty Rings and a Clean Moon</a><br>
2005 June 05: <a href="ap050605.html">A Milky Way Band</a><br>
2005 June 04: <a href="ap050604.html">First US Spacewalk</a><br>
2005 June 03: <a href="ap050603.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2005 June 02: <a href="ap050602.html">Sculpting the South Pillar</a><br>
2005 June 01: <a href="ap050601.html">White Dwarf Star Spiral</a><br>
2005 May 31: <a href="ap050531.html">The Trifid Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2005 May 30: <a href="ap050530.html">A Great White Spot on Rhea</a><br>
2005 May 29: <a href="ap050529.html">The Sagittarius Dwarf Tidal Stream</a><br>
2005 May 28: <a href="ap050528.html">Himalayan Horizon From Space</a><br>
2005 May 27: <a href="ap050527.html">Titan's Odd Spot</a><br>
2005 May 26: <a href="ap050526.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2005 May 25: <a href="ap050525.html">Particle Sizes in Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2005 May 24: <a href="ap050524.html">Swirls and Stars in IC 4678</a><br>
2005 May 23: <a href="ap050523.html">A Wavemaker Moon in Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2005 May 22: <a href="ap050522.html"> The Dust and Ion Tails of Comet Hale-Bopp</a><br>
2005 May 21: <a href="ap050521.html">Snake in the Dark</a><br>
2005 May 20: <a href="ap050520.html">Aurora Iowa</a><br>
2005 May 19: <a href="ap050519.html">X-Ray Stars in the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2005 May 18: <a href="ap050518.html">Three Kilometers Above Titan</a><br>
2005 May 17: <a href="ap050517.html">A Panorama of Mars from Larry's Lookout</a><br>
2005 May 16: <a href="ap050516.html">Deep Impact Spacecraft Hurtles Toward Comet</a><br>
2005 May 15: <a href="ap050515.html">On the Origin of Gold</a><br>
2005 May 14: <a href="ap050514.html">NGC 3370: A Sharper View</a><br>
2005 May 13: <a href="ap050513.html">When the Moon Was Young</a><br>
2005 May 12: <a href="ap050512.html">Stars, Galaxies, and Comet Tempel 1</a><br>
2005 May 11: <a href="ap050511.html">The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared</a><br>
2005 May 10: <a href="ap050510.html">The First Image of an Extra Solar Planet</a><br>
2005 May 09: <a href="ap050509.html">Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559</a><br>
2005 May 08: <a href="ap050508.html">CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2005 May 07: <a href="ap050507.html">NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap</a><br>
2005 May 06: <a href="ap050506.html">Hybrid Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2005 May 05: <a href="ap050505.html">Mira: The Wonderful Star</a><br>
2005 May 04: <a href="ap050504.html">Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane</a><br>
2005 May 03: <a href="ap050503.html">Solar System Rising Over Fire Island</a><br>
2005 May 02: <a href="ap050502.html">Methuselah Outcrop on Mars</a><br>
2005 May 01: <a href="ap050501.html">Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula</a><br>
2005 April 30: <a href="ap050430.html">The Moons of Earth</a><br>
2005 April 29: <a href="ap050429.html">Small Moon Epimetheus</a><br>
2005 April 28: <a href="ap050428.html">M51: Cosmic Whirlpool</a><br>
2005 April 27: <a href="ap050427.html">The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2005 April 26: <a href="ap050426.html">A Martian Dust Devil Passes</a><br>
2005 April 25: <a href="ap050425.html">The Fairy of Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2005 April 24: <a href="ap050424.html">M16: Stars from Eagle's EGGs</a><br>
2005 April 23: <a href="ap050423.html">Eclipsed Moon in Infrared</a><br>
2005 April 22: <a href="ap050422.html">Albert Einstein's Miraculous Year</a><br>
2005 April 21: <a href="ap050421.html">G21.5-0.9: A Supernova's Cosmic Shell</a><br>
2005 April 20: <a href="ap050420.html">Barnard's Loop Around Orion</a><br>
2005 April 19: <a href="ap050419.html">Orion in Infrared</a><br>
2005 April 18: <a href="ap050418.html">Saturnian Moon and Rings</a><br>
2005 April 17: <a href="ap050417.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
2005 April 16: <a href="ap050416.html">Celebrating Hubble With NGC 6751</a><br>
2005 April 15: <a href="ap050415.html">RCW 79: Stars in a Bubble</a><br>
2005 April 14: <a href="ap050414.html">April's Moon and the Pleiades</a><br>
2005 April 13: <a href="ap050413.html">A Window to the Once Secret Sky</a><br>
2005 April 12: <a href="ap050412.html">Earth or Mars?</a><br>
2005 April 11: <a href="ap050411.html">Clouds, Plane, Sun, Eclipse</a><br>
2005 April 10: <a href="ap050410.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2005 April 09: <a href="ap050409.html">Inside The Elephant's Trunk</a><br>
2005 April 08: <a href="ap050408.html">Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628</a><br>
2005 April 07: <a href="ap050407.html">Solar Eclipse in View</a><br>
2005 April 06: <a href="ap050406.html">The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2005 April 05: <a href="ap050405.html">Light from a Distant Planet</a><br>
2005 April 04: <a href="ap050404.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
2005 April 03: <a href="ap050403.html">The Galactic Centre Radio Arc</a><br>
2005 April 02: <a href="ap050402.html">Cyg X-1: Can Black Holes Form in the Dark?</a><br>
2005 April 01: <a href="ap050401.html">Water on Mars</a><br>
2005 March 31: <a href="ap050331.html">Gamma Ray Earth</a><br>
2005 March 30: <a href="ap050330.html">ULXs in M74</a><br>
2005 March 29: <a href="ap050329.html">Crescents of Titan and Dione</a><br>
2005 March 28: <a href="ap050328.html">A Tether in Space</a><br>
2005 March 27: <a href="ap050327.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2005 March 26: <a href="ap050326.html">Composite Crab</a><br>
2005 March 25: <a href="ap050325.html">Huygens Discovers Luna Saturni</a><br>
2005 March 24: <a href="ap050324.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2005 March 23: <a href="ap050323.html">A Dust Devil Swirling on Mars</a><br>
2005 March 22: <a href="ap050322.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2005 March 21: <a href="ap050321.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2005 March 20: <a href="ap050320.html">The Equal Night</a><br>
2005 March 19: <a href="ap050319.html">NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog</a><br>
2005 March 18: <a href="ap050318.html">Moon, Mercury, Monaco</a><br>
2005 March 17: <a href="ap050317.html">Enceladus Close Up</a><br>
2005 March 16: <a href="ap050316.html">Markarian's Chain of Galaxies</a><br>
2005 March 15: <a href="ap050315.html">Steep Cliffs on Mars</a><br>
2005 March 14: <a href="ap050314.html">The Fox Fur Nebula</a><br>
2005 March 13: <a href="ap050313.html">A Message From Earth</a><br>
2005 March 12: <a href="ap050312.html">Accretion Disk Simulation</a><br>
2005 March 11: <a href="ap050311.html">Infrared Ring Nebula</a><br>
2005 March 10: <a href="ap050310.html">NGC 1499: California Nebula</a><br>
2005 March 09: <a href="ap050309.html">A Sun Halo Over Tennessee</a><br>
2005 March 08: <a href="ap050308.html">Crater on Mimas</a><br>
2005 March 07: <a href="ap050307.html">Mercury Over Leeds</a><br>
2005 March 06: <a href="ap050306.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2005 March 05: <a href="ap050305.html">Tycho and Copernicus: Lunar Ray Craters</a><br>
2005 March 04: <a href="ap050304.html">NGC 1427A: Galaxy in Motion</a><br>
2005 March 03: <a href="ap050303.html">Still Life with NGC 2170</a><br>
2005 March 02: <a href="ap050302.html">The Powerful Sumatra Andaman Islands Earthquake</a><br>
2005 March 01: <a href="ap050301.html">NGC 1531/2: Interacting Galaxies</a><br>
2005 February 28: <a href="ap050228.html">Unusual Plates on Mars</a><br>
2005 February 27: <a href="ap050227.html">The Solar Spectrum</a><br>
2005 February 26: <a href="ap050226.html">Frizion Illume</a><br>
2005 February 25: <a href="ap050225.html">Saturn's Dragon Storm</a><br>
2005 February 24: <a href="ap050224.html">Ski Enceladus</a><br>
2005 February 23: <a href="ap050223.html">Voyage of an Antarctic Iceberg</a><br>
2005 February 22: <a href="ap050222.html">Persistent Saturnian Auroras</a><br>
2005 February 21: <a href="ap050221.html">Galactic Magnetar Throws Giant Flare</a><br>
2005 February 20: <a href="ap050220.html">Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors</a><br>
2005 February 19: <a href="ap050219.html">Saturnian Aurora</a><br>
2005 February 18: <a href="ap050218.html">Big Dipper Castle</a><br>
2005 February 17: <a href="ap050217.html">Melas, Candor, and Ophir: Valleys of Mariner</a><br>
2005 February 16: <a href="ap050216.html">Sunspot Metamorphosis: From Bottom to Top</a><br>
2005 February 15: <a href="ap050215.html">Saturn's Moon Rhea from Cassini</a><br>
2005 February 14: <a href="ap050214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2005 February 13: <a href="ap050213.html">In the Centre of the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2005 February 12: <a href="ap050212.html">NEAR at Eros: Before Touchdown</a><br>
2005 February 11: <a href="ap050211.html">Blue Saturn</a><br>
2005 February 10: <a href="ap050210.html">Red Saturn</a><br>
2005 February 09: <a href="ap050209.html">Heat Shield Impact Crater on Mars</a><br>
2005 February 08: <a href="ap050208.html">A Mysterious Streak Above Hawaii</a><br>
2005 February 07: <a href="ap050207.html">A Telescope Laser Creates an Artificial Star</a><br>
2005 February 06: <a href="ap050206.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2005 February 05: <a href="ap050205.html">The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz</a><br>
2005 February 04: <a href="ap050204.html">V838 Mon: Light Echo Update</a><br>
2005 February 03: <a href="ap050203.html">SMART-1: Pythagoras Crater</a><br>
2005 February 02: <a href="ap050202.html">A Twisted Meteor Train</a><br>
2005 February 01: <a href="ap050201.html">Saturn's Iapetus: Moon with a Strange Surface</a><br>
2005 January 31: <a href="ap050131.html">NGC 2467: From Gas to Stars</a><br>
2005 January 30: <a href="ap050130.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2005 January 29: <a href="ap050129.html">Southern Cross in Mauna Loa Skies</a><br>
2005 January 28: <a href="ap050128.html">The Swarm</a><br>
2005 January 27: <a href="ap050127.html">Shadow Set</a><br>
2005 January 26: <a href="ap050126.html">First Launch of the Delta IV Heavy</a><br>
2005 January 25: <a href="ap050125.html">NGC 6946: The Fireworks Galaxy</a><br>
2005 January 24: <a href="ap050124.html">Riverbeds and Lakebeds Discovered on Saturn's Titan</a><br>
2005 January 23: <a href="ap050123.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2005 January 22: <a href="ap050122.html">The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript</a><br>
2005 January 21: <a href="ap050121.html">Metal on the Plains of Mars</a><br>
2005 January 20: <a href="ap050120.html">A Waterspout off the Florida Keys</a><br>
2005 January 19: <a href="ap050119.html">Eight Kilometers Above Titan</a><br>
2005 January 18: <a href="ap050118.html">NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2005 January 17: <a href="ap050117.html">Titan Landscape</a><br>
2005 January 16: <a href="ap050116.html">Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On</a><br>
2005 January 15: <a href="ap050115.html">Huygens Images Titan's Surface</a><br>
2005 January 14: <a href="ap050114.html">Descent to Titan</a><br>
2005 January 13: <a href="ap050113.html">Infrared Trifid</a><br>
2005 January 12: <a href="ap050112.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2005 January 11: <a href="ap050111.html">Machholz Meets the Pleiades</a><br>
2005 January 10: <a href="ap050110.html">Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2005 January 09: <a href="ap050109.html">Jupiter's Rings Revealed</a><br>
2005 January 08: <a href="ap050108.html">X-Ray Mystery in RCW 38</a><br>
2005 January 07: <a href="ap050107.html">S is for Venus</a><br>
2005 January 06: <a href="ap050106.html">UKIRT: Aloha Orion</a><br>
2005 January 05: <a href="ap050105.html">Comet Machholz in View</a><br>
2005 January 04: <a href="ap050104.html">Milky Way Illustrated</a><br>
2005 January 03: <a href="ap050103.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2005 January 02: <a href="ap050102.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
2005 January 01: <a href="ap050101.html">Manicouagan Impact Crater</a><br>
2004 December 31: <a href="ap041231.html">A Year of Mars Roving</a><br>
2004 December 30: <a href="ap041230.html">M81 and M82: GALEX Full Field</a><br>
2004 December 29: <a href="ap041229.html">The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble</a><br>
2004 December 28: <a href="ap041228.html">Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2004 December 27: <a href="ap041227.html">Andromeda's Core</a><br>
2004 December 26: <a href="ap041226.html">GRO J165540: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole</a><br>
2004 December 25: <a href="ap041225.html">Big Beautiful Saturn</a><br>
2004 December 24: <a href="ap041224.html">Swift RocketCam</a><br>
2004 December 23: <a href="ap041223.html">3C58: Pulsar Power</a><br>
2004 December 22: <a href="ap041222.html">Comet, Meteor, Nebula, Star</a><br>
2004 December 21: <a href="ap041221.html">Titan Disguised</a><br>
2004 December 20: <a href="ap041220.html">Titan Surmised</a><br>
2004 December 19: <a href="ap041219.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2004 December 18: <a href="ap041218.html">Europa: Ice Line</a><br>
2004 December 17: <a href="ap041217.html">Prometheus and the Rings of Saturn</a><br>
2004 December 16: <a href="ap041216.html">The Arms of NGC 7424</a><br>
2004 December 15: <a href="ap041215.html">Looking Back Over Mars</a><br>
2004 December 14: <a href="ap041214.html">Nearby Spiral M33</a><br>
2004 December 13: <a href="ap041213.html">Announcing Comet Machholz</a><br>
2004 December 12: <a href="ap041212.html">Atlantis to Orbit</a><br>
2004 December 11: <a href="ap041211.html">M87's Energetic Jet</a><br>
2004 December 10: <a href="ap041210.html">Debris Disks Surround Distant Suns</a><br>
2004 December 09: <a href="ap041209.html">Jupiter and the Moon's Shadowed Horizon</a><br>
2004 December 08: <a href="ap041208.html">In the Centre of the Heart Nebula</a><br>
2004 December 07: <a href="ap041207.html">A Strange Streak Imaged in Australia</a><br>
2004 December 06: <a href="ap041206.html">Filaments Across the Sun</a><br>
2004 December 05: <a href="ap041205.html">Kembles Cascade</a><br>
2004 December 04: <a href="ap041204.html">Reflecting Merope</a><br>
2004 December 03: <a href="ap041203.html">I Zwicky 18: Young Galaxy</a><br>
2004 December 02: <a href="ap041202.html">Mimas, Rings, and Shadows</a><br>
2004 December 01: <a href="ap041201.html">Saturn's Moon Dione from Cassini</a><br>
2004 November 30: <a href="ap041130.html">Lake Effect Snow on Earth</a><br>
2004 November 29: <a href="ap041129.html">Saturn's Moon Tethys from Cassini</a><br>
2004 November 28: <a href="ap041128.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2004 November 27: <a href="ap041127.html">NGC 2683: Spiral Edge On</a><br>
2004 November 26: <a href="ap041126.html">Magnetars In The Sky</a><br>
2004 November 25: <a href="ap041125.html">What the Hubble Saw</a><br>
2004 November 24: <a href="ap041124.html">A Radar View of Titan</a><br>
2004 November 23: <a href="ap041123.html">Leonid Meteors Streak</a><br>
2004 November 22: <a href="ap041122.html">Swift Launches</a><br>
2004 November 21: <a href="ap041121.html">Spiral Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
2004 November 20: <a href="ap041120.html">Stereo Phobos</a><br>
2004 November 19: <a href="ap041119.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2004 November 18: <a href="ap041118.html">A Sharper View of a Tilted Planet</a><br>
2004 November 17: <a href="ap041117.html">Aurora Over Wisconsin</a><br>
2004 November 16: <a href="ap041116.html">Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy</a><br>
2004 November 15: <a href="ap041115.html">Burns Cliff on Mars</a><br>
2004 November 14: <a href="ap041114.html">Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita</a><br>
2004 November 13: <a href="ap041113.html">Moon Over Shiraz</a><br>
2004 November 12: <a href="ap041112.html">Missouri's Green Ribbon Sky</a><br>
2004 November 11: <a href="ap041111.html">Pastel Planet, Triple Eclipse</a><br>
2004 November 10: <a href="ap041110.html">Leo A: Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxy</a><br>
2004 November 09: <a href="ap041109.html">A Full Sky Multi Coloured Auroral Corona</a><br>
2004 November 08: <a href="ap041108.html">Jupiter and Venus at Sunrise</a><br>
2004 November 07: <a href="ap041107.html">The Galactic Centre in Infrared</a><br>
2004 November 06: <a href="ap041106.html">X-Rays from the Galactic Core</a><br>
2004 November 05: <a href="ap041105.html">Supernova Remnant Imaged in Gamma Rays</a><br>
2004 November 04: <a href="ap041104.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2004 November 03: <a href="ap041103.html">A Time Lapse Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2004 November 02: <a href="ap041102.html">Storm Alley on Saturn</a><br>
2004 November 01: <a href="ap041101.html">Spooky Star Forming Region DR 6</a><br>
2004 October 31: <a href="ap041031.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2004 October 30: <a href="ap041030.html">Pumpkin Moon</a><br>
2004 October 29: <a href="ap041029.html">Red Moon Triple</a><br>
2004 October 28: <a href="ap041028.html">Tantalizing Titan</a><br>
2004 October 27: <a href="ap041027.html">Total Lunar Eclipse Tonight</a><br>
2004 October 26: <a href="ap041026.html">Titan Through the Haze</a><br>
2004 October 25: <a href="ap041025.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2004 October 24: <a href="ap041024.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2004 October 23: <a href="ap041023.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
2004 October 22: <a href="ap041022.html">SOFIA's Mirror</a><br>
2004 October 21: <a href="ap041021.html">Apogee Moon, Perigee Moon</a><br>
2004 October 20: <a href="ap041020.html">NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules</a><br>
2004 October 19: <a href="ap041019.html">Old Planetary Dust Disks Found by SST</a><br>
2004 October 18: <a href="ap041018.html">Southern Saturn from Cassini</a><br>
2004 October 17: <a href="ap041017.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2004 October 16: <a href="ap041016.html">The Bubbling Cauldron of NGC 3079</a><br>
2004 October 15: <a href="ap041015.html">Night MAGIC</a><br>
2004 October 14: <a href="ap041014.html">Glimpse of a Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2004 October 13: <a href="ap041013.html">Contrail Clutter over Georgia</a><br>
2004 October 12: <a href="ap041012.html">M3: Inconstant Star Cluster</a><br>
2004 October 11: <a href="ap041011.html">Mosaic of Endurance Crater on Mars</a><br>
2004 October 10: <a href="ap041010.html">Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2004 October 09: <a href="ap041009.html">The Averted Side Of The Moon</a><br>
2004 October 08: <a href="ap041008.html">Kepler's SNR from Chandra, Hubble, Spitzer</a><br>
2004 October 07: <a href="ap041007.html">Moon Lightning</a><br>
2004 October 06: <a href="ap041006.html">N11: A Giant Ring of Emission Nebulas</a><br>
2004 October 05: <a href="ap041005.html">SpaceShipOne Wins the X Prize</a><br>
2004 October 04: <a href="ap041004.html">NGC 6823: Cloud Sculpting Star Cluster</a><br>
2004 October 03: <a href="ap041003.html">Comet Hale Bopp and the North America Nebula</a><br>
2004 October 02: <a href="ap041002.html">Toutatis Nears Planet Earth</a><br>
2004 October 01: <a href="ap041001.html">Earth Nears Asteroid Toutatis</a><br>
2004 September 30: <a href="ap040930.html">Crater Wall on Solis Planum</a><br>
2004 September 29: <a href="ap040929.html">HUDF: Dawn of the Galaxies</a><br>
2004 September 28: <a href="ap040928.html">Aurora Over a Communications Tower</a><br>
2004 September 27: <a href="ap040927.html">The Great Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2004 September 26: <a href="ap040926.html">Looking Back on an Eclipsed Earth</a><br>
2004 September 25: <a href="ap040925.html">The Iron Sun</a><br>
2004 September 24: <a href="ap040924.html">Fornax Cluster in Motion</a><br>
2004 September 23: <a href="ap040923.html">La Silla's Starry Night</a><br>
2004 September 22: <a href="ap040922.html">Spirit Rover at Engineering Flats on Mars</a><br>
2004 September 21: <a href="ap040921.html">M24: A Sagittarius Starscape</a><br>
2004 September 20: <a href="ap040920.html">Seeing Through Saturn's C Ring</a><br>
2004 September 19: <a href="ap040919.html">Earth's North Magnetic Pole</a><br>
2004 September 18: <a href="ap040918.html">M55: Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2004 September 17: <a href="ap040917.html">IC 1805: Light from the Heart</a><br>
2004 September 16: <a href="ap040916.html">Microquasar in Motion</a><br>
2004 September 15: <a href="ap040915.html">Above the Eye of Hurricane Ivan</a><br>
2004 September 14: <a href="ap040914.html">Genesis Missions Hard Impact</a><br>
2004 September 13: <a href="ap040913.html">Identify this Phenomenon</a><br>
2004 September 12: <a href="ap040912.html">Mercury: A Cratered Inferno</a><br>
2004 September 11: <a href="ap040911.html">The Star Trails of Kilimanjaro</a><br>
2004 September 10: <a href="ap040910.html">Cat's Eye</a><br>
2004 September 09: <a href="ap040909.html">Sagittarius Triplet</a><br>
2004 September 08: <a href="ap040908.html">Molecular Torus Surrounds Black Hole</a><br>
2004 September 07: <a href="ap040907.html">A Supernova in Nearby Galaxy NGC 2403</a><br>
2004 September 06: <a href="ap040906.html">C153 Takes the Plunge</a><br>
2004 September 05: <a href="ap040905.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars</a><br>
2004 September 04: <a href="ap040904.html">Neutron Mars</a><br>
2004 September 03: <a href="ap040903.html">Hurricane Frances Approaches Florida</a><br>
2004 September 02: <a href="ap040902.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
2004 September 01: <a href="ap040901.html">An Inner Neptune for 55 Cancri</a><br>
2004 August 31: <a href="ap040831.html">The Dotted Dunes of Mars</a><br>
2004 August 30: <a href="ap040830.html">Announcing Comet C 2003 K4 LINEAR</a><br>
2004 August 29: <a href="ap040829.html">Lunation</a><br>
2004 August 28: <a href="ap040828.html">M17: A Hubble Close-Up</a><br>
2004 August 27: <a href="ap040827.html">The Sedna Scenario</a><br>
2004 August 26: <a href="ap040826.html">Cassiopeia A in a Million</a><br>
2004 August 25: <a href="ap040825.html">Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn</a><br>
2004 August 24: <a href="ap040824.html">Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station</a><br>
2004 August 23: <a href="ap040823.html">Looking Out Over Mars</a><br>
2004 August 22: <a href="ap040822.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2004 August 21: <a href="ap040821.html">Solar Sail</a><br>
2004 August 20: <a href="ap040820.html">Raining Perseids</a><br>
2004 August 19: <a href="ap040819.html">Windblown N44F</a><br>
2004 August 18: <a href="ap040818.html">Lightning on Earth</a><br>
2004 August 17: <a href="ap040817.html">The Unusual Blueberries at Bylot Rock</a><br>
2004 August 16: <a href="ap040816.html">Close Up of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2004 August 15: <a href="ap040815.html">Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2004 August 14: <a href="ap040814.html">Messenger Launch</a><br>
2004 August 13: <a href="ap040813.html">Perseid Fireball Over Japan</a><br>
2004 August 12: <a href="ap040812.html">The Spectrum of A Meteor</a><br>
2004 August 11: <a href="ap040811.html">A Perseid Meteor</a><br>
2004 August 10: <a href="ap040810.html">The Double Haze above Titan</a><br>
2004 August 09: <a href="ap040809.html">The Dark River to Antares</a><br>
2004 August 08: <a href="ap040808.html">Contemplating the Sky</a><br>
2004 August 07: <a href="ap040807.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images</a><br>
2004 August 06: <a href="ap040806.html">The Giant and the Glory</a><br>
2004 August 05: <a href="ap040805.html">Emission Nebula IC 1396</a><br>
2004 August 04: <a href="ap040804.html">Solar Arcs and Halos</a><br>
2004 August 03: <a href="ap040803.html">Shadow of a Martian Robot</a><br>
2004 August 02: <a href="ap040802.html">Spicules: Jets on the Sun</a><br>
2004 August 01: <a href="ap040801.html">A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect</a><br>
2004 July 31: <a href="ap040731.html">Tonight: A Blue Moon</a><br>
2004 July 30: <a href="ap040730.html">Northern Lights</a><br>
2004 July 29: <a href="ap040729.html">Melas Chasma</a><br>
2004 July 28: <a href="ap040728.html">A Cygnus Star Field</a><br>
2004 July 27: <a href="ap040727.html">Razorbacks in Endurance Crater</a><br>
2004 July 26: <a href="ap040726.html">A Large Active Region Crosses the Sun</a><br>
2004 July 25: <a href="ap040725.html">A Solar Filament Lifts Off</a><br>
2004 July 24: <a href="ap040724.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
2004 July 23: <a href="ap040723.html">Saturns Rings in Natural Colour</a><br>
2004 July 22: <a href="ap040722.html">Aura Launch</a><br>
2004 July 21: <a href="ap040721.html">A Shadow on the Rings of Saturn</a><br>
2004 July 20: <a href="ap040720.html">Space Station, Venus, Sun</a><br>
2004 July 19: <a href="ap040719.html">Attacking Mars</a><br>
2004 July 18: <a href="ap040718.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2004 July 17: <a href="ap040717.html">Transit of Venus Stereogram</a><br>
2004 July 16: <a href="ap040716.html">The Bubble</a><br>
2004 July 15: <a href="ap040715.html">Stars and Dust in Corona Australis</a><br>
2004 July 14: <a href="ap040714.html">Polar Polygons on Mars</a><br>
2004 July 13: <a href="ap040713.html">Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2004 July 12: <a href="ap040712.html">Cassini Images Saturns A Ring</a><br>
2004 July 11: <a href="ap040711.html">WMAP Resolves the Universe</a><br>
2004 July 10: <a href="ap040710.html">Phoebe Craters in Stereo</a><br>
2004 July 09: <a href="ap040709.html">Ringed Nebulae</a><br>
2004 July 08: <a href="ap040708.html">Southern Cross Star Colours</a><br>
2004 July 07: <a href="ap040707.html">N11B: Star Cloud of the LMC</a><br>
2004 July 06: <a href="ap040706.html">Titan from Cassini in Infrared</a><br>
2004 July 05: <a href="ap040705.html">Cassini Images Density Waves in Saturns Rings</a><br>
2004 July 04: <a href="ap040704.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2004 July 03: <a href="ap040703.html">Cassini to Venus</a><br>
2004 July 02: <a href="ap040702.html">The Encke Gap: A Moon Goes Here</a><br>
2004 July 01: <a href="ap040701.html">NGC 7331: A Galaxy So Inclined</a><br>
2004 June 30: <a href="ap040630.html">Phoebe: Comet Moon of Saturn</a><br>
2004 June 29: <a href="ap040629.html">In the Centre of NGC 6559</a><br>
2004 June 28: <a href="ap040628.html">Spirit Rover Reaches the Columbia Hills on Mars</a><br>
2004 June 27: <a href="ap040627.html">Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Warps Space</a><br>
2004 June 26: <a href="ap040626.html"> Neptune: Still Springtime After All These Years</a><br>
2004 June 25: <a href="ap040625.html">Planet Earth from SpaceShipOne</a><br>
2004 June 24: <a href="ap040624.html">The Galaxy Within Centaurus A</a><br>
2004 June 23: <a href="ap040623.html">A Picturesque Venus Transit</a><br>
2004 June 22: <a href="ap040622.html">Unusual Spires Found on Comet Wild 2</a><br>
2004 June 21: <a href="ap040621.html">Analemma Over Ancient Nemea</a><br>
2004 June 20: <a href="ap040620.html">Solstice Celebration</a><br>
2004 June 19: <a href="ap040619.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a><br>
2004 June 18: <a href="ap040618.html">The Trifid Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2004 June 17: <a href="ap040617.html">Comet NEAT and the Beehive Cluster</a><br>
2004 June 16: <a href="ap040616.html">Elliptical Galaxy M87</a><br>
2004 June 15: <a href="ap040615.html">A Rare Annular Venusian Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2004 June 14: <a href="ap040614.html">Unusual Layers on Saturn's Moon Phoebe</a><br>
2004 June 13: <a href="ap040613.html">Volcano and Aurora in Iceland</a><br>
2004 June 12: <a href="ap040612.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2004 June 11: <a href="ap040611.html">Venus and the Chromosphere</a><br>
2004 June 10: <a href="ap040610.html">Venus at the Edge</a><br>
2004 June 09: <a href="ap040609.html">Venus Transit at Sunrise</a><br>
2004 June 08: <a href="ap040608.html">A Planet Transits the Sun</a><br>
2004 June 07: <a href="ap040607.html">Mammatus Clouds Over Mexico</a><br>
2004 June 06: <a href="ap040606.html">Mercury Spotting</a><br>
2004 June 05: <a href="ap040605.html">Apollo 17's Lunar Rover</a><br>
2004 June 04: <a href="ap040604.html">Sedna at Noon</a><br>
2004 June 03: <a href="ap040603.html">Cosmic Construction Zone RCW 49</a><br>
2004 June 02: <a href="ap040602.html">The Colourful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2004 June 01: <a href="ap040601.html">The Supergalactic Wind from Starburst Galaxy M82</a><br>
2004 May 31: <a href="ap040531.html">24 Million Kilometers to Saturn</a><br>
2004 May 30: <a href="ap040530.html">Astronaut at Work</a><br>
2004 May 29: <a href="ap040529.html">Cone Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2004 May 28: <a href="ap040528.html">A Manhattan Sunset</a><br>
2004 May 27: <a href="ap040527.html">Two Comets in Southern Skies</a><br>
2004 May 26: <a href="ap040526.html">At the Summit of Olympus Mons</a><br>
2004 May 25: <a href="ap040525.html">Moon Between the Stones</a><br>
2004 May 24: <a href="ap040524.html">Planets Over Easter Island</a><br>
2004 May 23: <a href="ap040523.html">Working in Space</a><br>
2004 May 22: <a href="ap040522.html">X-Rays From Tycho's Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2004 May 21: <a href="ap040521.html">Phases of Venus</a><br>
2004 May 20: <a href="ap040520.html">Sharpless 140</a><br>
2004 May 19: <a href="ap040519.html">Brain Crater on Mars</a><br>
2004 May 18: <a href="ap040518.html">Comet NEAT (Q4) Over Indian Cove</a><br>
2004 May 17: <a href="ap040517.html">NGC 3372: The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
2004 May 16: <a href="ap040516.html">Venus: Earth's Cloudy Twin</a><br>
2004 May 15: <a href="ap040515.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail</a><br>
2004 May 14: <a href="ap040514.html">Zubenelgenubi and Friends</a><br>
2004 May 13: <a href="ap040513.html">Rungs of the Red Rectangle</a><br>
2004 May 12: <a href="ap040512.html">The Tails of Comet NEAT Q4</a><br>
2004 May 11: <a href="ap040511.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2004 May 10: <a href="ap040510.html">Endurance Crater on Mars</a><br>
2004 May 09: <a href="ap040509.html">Antares and Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2004 May 08: <a href="ap040508.html">Good Morning Sydney</a><br>
2004 May 07: <a href="ap040507.html">Look West for a NEAT Comet</a><br>
2004 May 06: <a href="ap040506.html">A Lunar Eclipse Mosaic</a><br>
2004 May 05: <a href="ap040505.html">NGC 6302: Big Bright Bug Nebula</a><br>
2004 May 04: <a href="ap040504.html">Missoula Crater on Mars</a><br>
2004 May 03: <a href="ap040503.html">Comets Bradfield and LINEAR Rising</a><br>
2004 May 02: <a href="ap040502.html">Io in True Colour</a><br>
2004 May 01: <a href="ap040501.html">A Western Sky at Twilight</a><br>
2004 April 30: <a href="ap040430.html">Eyeful of Saturn</a><br>
2004 April 29: <a href="ap040429.html">Titan's X-Ray</a><br>
2004 April 28: <a href="ap040428.html">The Smooth Spheres of Gravity Probe B</a><br>
2004 April 27: <a href="ap040427.html">Comet Bradfield Rising</a><br>
2004 April 26: <a href="ap040426.html">Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble</a><br>
2004 April 25: <a href="ap040425.html">D rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts</a><br>
2004 April 24: <a href="ap040424.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
2004 April 23: <a href="ap040423.html">Comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)</a><br>
2004 April 22: <a href="ap040422.html">Comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)</a><br>
2004 April 21: <a href="ap040421.html">Nebulas Surrounding Wolf Rayet Binary</a><br>
2004 April 20: <a href="ap040420.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Indian Cove</a><br>
2004 April 19: <a href="ap040419.html">Comet Bradfield Passes the Sun</a><br>
2004 April 18: <a href="ap040418.html">Stellar Spectral Types: OBAFGKM</a><br>
2004 April 17: <a href="ap040417.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
2004 April 16: <a href="ap040416.html">The Stars of NGC 300</a><br>
2004 April 15: <a href="ap040415.html">Venus and the Pleiades</a><br>
2004 April 14: <a href="ap040414.html">Massive Star Forming Region DR21 in Infrared</a><br>
2004 April 13: <a href="ap040413.html">An Iridescent Cloud Over France</a><br>
2004 April 12: <a href="ap040412.html">Apollo 17 Panorama: Astronaut Running</a><br>
2004 April 11: <a href="ap040411.html">Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy</a><br>
2004 April 10: <a href="ap040410.html">Facing NGC 6946</a><br>
2004 April 09: <a href="ap040409.html">NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge</a><br>
2004 April 08: <a href="ap040408.html">Elusive Jellyfish Nebula</a><br>
2004 April 07: <a href="ap040407.html">Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66</a><br>
2004 April 06: <a href="ap040406.html">Unusually Strong Cyclone Off the Brazilian Coast</a><br>
2004 April 05: <a href="ap040405.html">A Berry Bowl of Martian Spherules</a><br>
2004 April 04: <a href="ap040404.html">The Lost World of Lake Vida</a><br>
2004 April 03: <a href="ap040403.html">A Mystery in Gamma Rays</a><br>
2004 April 02: <a href="ap040402.html">Mercury and Venus in the West</a><br>
2004 April 01: <a href="ap040401.html">April Fools Day More Intense On Mars</a><br>
2004 March 31: <a href="ap040331.html">M39: Open Cluster in Cygnus</a><br>
2004 March 30: <a href="ap040330.html">A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO</a><br>
2004 March 29: <a href="ap040329.html">NASA's X 43A Scramjet Sets Air Speed Record</a><br>
2004 March 28: <a href="ap040328.html">Stars and the Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2004 March 27: <a href="ap040327.html">Mir Dreams</a><br>
2004 March 26: <a href="ap040326.html">Moon and Planets Sky</a><br>
2004 March 25: <a href="ap040325.html">An Orion of a Different Colour</a><br>
2004 March 24: <a href="ap040324.html">Intriguing Dimples Near Eagle Crater on Mars</a><br>
2004 March 23: <a href="ap040323.html">Lava Flows on Venus</a><br>
2004 March 22: <a href="ap040322.html">Asteroid 2004 FH Whizzes By</a><br>
2004 March 21: <a href="ap040321.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
2004 March 20: <a href="ap040320.html">Equinox + 1</a><br>
2004 March 19: <a href="ap040319.html">Going Wild</a><br>
2004 March 18: <a href="ap040318.html">Spirit Pan from Bonneville Crater's Edge</a><br>
2004 March 17: <a href="ap040317.html">Redshift 10: Evidence for a New Farthest Galaxy</a><br>
2004 March 16: <a href="ap040316.html">Sedna of the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2004 March 15: <a href="ap040315.html">The Orion Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2004 March 14: <a href="ap040314.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2004 March 13: <a href="ap040313.html">A Cerro Tololo Sky</a><br>
2004 March 12: <a href="ap040312.html">X-Ray Saturn</a><br>
2004 March 11: <a href="ap040311.html">Henize 206: Cosmic Generations</a><br>
2004 March 10: <a href="ap040310.html">Humphrey Rock Indicates Ancient Martian Water</a><br>
2004 March 09: <a href="ap040309.html">The Hubble Ultra Deep Field</a><br>
2004 March 08: <a href="ap040308.html">Moon and Venus over Corona Del Mar Beach</a><br>
2004 March 07: <a href="ap040307.html">An Anomalous SETI Signal</a><br>
2004 March 06: <a href="ap040306.html">N49's Cosmic Blast</a><br>
2004 March 05: <a href="ap040305.html">V838 Mon: Echoes from the Edge</a><br>
2004 March 04: <a href="ap040304.html">Cold Mountain Sky</a><br>
2004 March 03: <a href="ap040303.html">Opportunity Rover Indicates Ancient Mars Was Wet</a><br>
2004 March 02: <a href="ap040302.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2004 March 01: <a href="ap040301.html">Cassini Closes in on Saturn</a><br>
2004 February 29: <a href="ap040229.html">Julius Caesar and Leap Days</a><br>
2004 February 28: <a href="ap040228.html">POX 186: Not So Long Ago</a><br>
2004 February 27: <a href="ap040227.html">Rumors of a Strange Universe</a><br>
2004 February 26: <a href="ap040226.html">Galaxy Cluster in the Early Universe</a><br>
2004 February 25: <a href="ap040225.html">White Boat Rock on Mars</a><br>
2004 February 24: <a href="ap040224.html">X-Rays Indicate Star Ripped Up by Black Hole</a><br>
2004 February 23: <a href="ap040223.html">Heaven on Earth</a><br>
2004 February 22: <a href="ap040222.html">The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2004 February 21: <a href="ap040221.html">The Spiral Arms of NGC 4622</a><br>
2004 February 20: <a href="ap040220.html">SN1987A's Cosmic Pearls</a><br>
2004 February 19: <a href="ap040219.html">McNeil's Nebula</a><br>
2004 February 18: <a href="ap040218.html">Anvil Cloud Over Sicily</a><br>
2004 February 17: <a href="ap040217.html">Galaxy Cluster Lenses Farthest Known Galaxy</a><br>
2004 February 16: <a href="ap040216.html">A Patch of Spherules on Mars</a><br>
2004 February 15: <a href="ap040215.html">A Spherule from the Earth's Moon</a><br>
2004 February 14: <a href="ap040214.html">Solar System Portrait</a><br>
2004 February 13: <a href="ap040213.html">NGC 613: Spiral of Dust and Stars</a><br>
2004 February 12: <a href="ap040212.html">Supernova Survivor</a><br>
2004 February 11: <a href="ap040211.html">M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy</a><br>
2004 February 10: <a href="ap040210.html">Unusual Spherules on Mars</a><br>
2004 February 09: <a href="ap040209.html">Announcing Comet C 2002 T7 LINEAR</a><br>
2004 February 08: <a href="ap040208.html">In the Centre of the Omega Nebula</a><br>
2004 February 07: <a href="ap040207.html">NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2004 February 06: <a href="ap040206.html">Magnified Mars</a><br>
2004 February 05: <a href="ap040205.html">NGC 1569: Starburst in a Small Galaxy</a><br>
2004 February 04: <a href="ap040204.html">Opportunity's Horizon</a><br>
2004 February 03: <a href="ap040203.html">X-Rays From Antennae Galaxies</a><br>
2004 February 02: <a href="ap040202.html">The Tarantula Nebula from Spitzer</a><br>
2004 February 01: <a href="ap040201.html">M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2004 January 31: <a href="ap040131.html">A Galaxy is not a Comet</a><br>
2004 January 30: <a href="ap040130.html">X-Ray Rings Expand from a Gamma Ray Burst</a><br>
2004 January 29: <a href="ap040129.html">Valles Marineris Perspective from Mars Express</a><br>
2004 January 28: <a href="ap040128.html">The Crab Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2004 January 27: <a href="ap040127.html">Opportunity on Mars</a><br>
2004 January 26: <a href="ap040126.html">A Landing at Meridiani Planum</a><br>
2004 January 25: <a href="ap040125.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
2004 January 24: <a href="ap040124.html">Valles Marineris from Mars Express</a><br>
2004 January 23: <a href="ap040123.html">NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2004 January 22: <a href="ap040122.html">Columbia Memorial Station</a><br>
2004 January 21: <a href="ap040121.html">Adirondack Rock on Mars</a><br>
2004 January 20: <a href="ap040120.html">Unexpected Galaxy String in the Early Universe</a><br>
2004 January 19: <a href="ap040119.html">STARDUST Flyby of Comet Wild 2</a><br>
2004 January 18: <a href="ap040118.html">A Close-Up of Martian Soil</a><br>
2004 January 17: <a href="ap040117.html">Saturn: Lord of the Rings</a><br>
2004 January 16: <a href="ap040116.html">Martian Surface in Perspective</a><br>
2004 January 15: <a href="ap040115.html">An Orion Deep Field</a><br>
2004 January 14: <a href="ap040114.html">A Mars Panorama from the Spirit Rover</a><br>
2004 January 13: <a href="ap040113.html">An Apollo 15 Panorama</a><br>
2004 January 12: <a href="ap040112.html">A Hole Punch Cloud Over Alabama</a><br>
2004 January 11: <a href="ap040111.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2004 January 10: <a href="ap040110.html">Two Worlds, One Sun</a><br>
2004 January 09: <a href="ap040109.html">Sol 5 Postcard from Mars</a><br>
2004 January 08: <a href="ap040108.html">The Hills of Mars</a><br>
2004 January 07: <a href="ap040107.html">Red Mars from Spirit</a><br>
2004 January 06: <a href="ap040106.html">Spirit's 3D View Toward Sleepy Hollow</a><br>
2004 January 05: <a href="ap040105.html">Spirit Pan from Gusev Crater</a><br>
2004 January 04: <a href="ap040104.html">Spirit Rover Bounces Down on Mars</a><br>
2004 January 03: <a href="ap040103.html">Comet Wild 2's Nucleus from Stardust</a><br>
2004 January 02: <a href="ap040102.html">An Apollo 12 Panorama</a><br>
2004 January 01: <a href="ap040101.html">Structure in N63A</a><br>
2003 December 31: <a href="ap031231.html">A Year of Resolving Cosmology</a><br>
2003 December 30: <a href="ap031230.html">A Dust Devil Crater on Mars</a><br>
2003 December 29: <a href="ap031229.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2003 December 28: <a href="ap031228.html">Trifid Pillars and Jets</a><br>
2003 December 27: <a href="ap031227.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2003 December 26: <a href="ap031226.html">Young Star, Dark Cloud</a><br>
2003 December 25: <a href="ap031225.html">Venus and the 37 Hour Moon</a><br>
2003 December 24: <a href="ap031224.html">Layered Hills on Mars</a><br>
2003 December 23: <a href="ap031223.html">Comet Encke Returns</a><br>
2003 December 22: <a href="ap031222.html">The Andromeda Galaxy from GALEX</a><br>
2003 December 21: <a href="ap031221.html">N159 and the Papillon Nebula</a><br>
2003 December 20: <a href="ap031220.html">The Flight of Helios</a><br>
2003 December 19: <a href="ap031219.html">Inside The Elephant's Trunk</a><br>
2003 December 18: <a href="ap031218.html">Express to Mars</a><br>
2003 December 17: <a href="ap031217.html">A Proton Aurora</a><br>
2003 December 16: <a href="ap031216.html">Retrograde Mars</a><br>
2003 December 15: <a href="ap031215.html">Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158</a><br>
2003 December 14: <a href="ap031214.html">Close up of the Face on Mars</a><br>
2003 December 13: <a href="ap031213.html">A Flock of Stars</a><br>
2003 December 12: <a href="ap031212.html">Full Moondark</a><br>
2003 December 11: <a href="ap031211.html">Arp 81: 100 Million Years Later</a><br>
2003 December 10: <a href="ap031210.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2003 December 09: <a href="ap031209.html">NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery</a><br>
2003 December 08: <a href="ap031208.html">An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2003 December 07: <a href="ap031207.html">The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2003 December 06: <a href="ap031206.html">Jaipur Observatory Sundial</a><br>
2003 December 05: <a href="ap031205.html">Startling Star V838 Mon</a><br>
2003 December 04: <a href="ap031204.html">New Horizons at Jupiter</a><br>
2003 December 03: <a href="ap031203.html">Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow</a><br>
2003 December 02: <a href="ap031202.html">NGC 869 and NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster</a><br>
2003 December 01: <a href="ap031201.html">A Lenticular Cloud Over Hawaii</a><br>
2003 November 30: <a href="ap031130.html">A Venus Landing</a><br>
2003 November 29: <a href="ap031129.html">Phobos Over Mars</a><br>
2003 November 28: <a href="ap031128.html">The Most Distant X Ray Jet</a><br>
2003 November 27: <a href="ap031127.html">The Long Shadow of the Moon</a><br>
2003 November 26: <a href="ap031126.html">The Turbulent Neighborhood of Eta Carina</a><br>
2003 November 25: <a href="ap031125.html">A Late Leonid from a Sparse Shower</a><br>
2003 November 24: <a href="ap031124.html">IC 405: The Flaming Star Nebula</a><br>
2003 November 23: <a href="ap031123.html">A Superwind from the Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
2003 November 22: <a href="ap031122.html">Moon AND Sun</a><br>
2003 November 21: <a href="ap031121.html">Sunset Moonlight</a><br>
2003 November 20: <a href="ap031120.html">Voyager at 90 AU</a><br>
2003 November 19: <a href="ap031119.html">Light Can Twist as Well as Spin</a><br>
2003 November 18: <a href="ap031118.html">Leonids Over Indian Cove</a><br>
2003 November 17: <a href="ap031117.html">Canis Major Dwarf: A New Closest Galaxy</a><br>
2003 November 16: <a href="ap031116.html">Leonids from Leo</a><br>
2003 November 15: <a href="ap031115.html">LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide</a><br>
2003 November 14: <a href="ap031114.html">Jupiter Portrait</a><br>
2003 November 13: <a href="ap031113.html">Aurora Oklahoma</a><br>
2003 November 12: <a href="ap031112.html">Mars Then and Now</a><br>
2003 November 11: <a href="ap031111.html">Eclipsed Moonlight from Connelly's Springs</a><br>
2003 November 10: <a href="ap031110.html">An Intermediate Polar Binary System</a><br>
2003 November 09: <a href="ap031109.html">Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation</a><br>
2003 November 08: <a href="ap031108.html">Eclipsed Moon in Infrared</a><br>
2003 November 07: <a href="ap031107.html">November's Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2003 November 06: <a href="ap031106.html">Flare Well AR 10486</a><br>
2003 November 05: <a href="ap031105.html">The Lynx Arc</a><br>
2003 November 04: <a href="ap031104.html">Aurora Over Edmonton</a><br>
2003 November 03: <a href="ap031103.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3982 Before Supernova</a><br>
2003 November 02: <a href="ap031102.html">A Giant Starspot on HD 12545</a><br>
2003 November 01: <a href="ap031101.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2003 October 31: <a href="ap031031.html">A Dark and Stormy Night</a><br>
2003 October 30: <a href="ap031030.html">Aurora in Colorado Skies</a><br>
2003 October 29: <a href="ap031029.html">A Powerful Solar Flare</a><br>
2003 October 28: <a href="ap031028.html">The SDSS 3D Universe Map</a><br>
2003 October 27: <a href="ap031027.html">Large Sunspot Groups 10484 and 10486</a><br>
2003 October 26: <a href="ap031026.html">M16: Stars from Eagles EGGs</a><br>
2003 October 25: <a href="ap031025.html">Islands in the Photosphere</a><br>
2003 October 24: <a href="ap031024.html">Mars Moons</a><br>
2003 October 23: <a href="ap031023.html">Cygnus Nebulosities</a><br>
2003 October 22: <a href="ap031022.html">The Heart and Soul Nebulas</a><br>
2003 October 21: <a href="ap031021.html">The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon</a><br>
2003 October 20: <a href="ap031020.html">Neptune and Triton from Palomar</a><br>
2003 October 19: <a href="ap031019.html">An Unusual Globule in IC 1396</a><br>
2003 October 18: <a href="ap031018.html">The Last Moon Shot</a><br>
2003 October 17: <a href="ap031017.html">Astronomy Quilt of the Week</a><br>
2003 October 16: <a href="ap031016.html">NGC 6888: X-Rays in the Wind</a><br>
2003 October 15: <a href="ap031015.html">Space Rock SQ222 Noticed After Pass</a><br>
2003 October 14: <a href="ap031014.html">Iridescent Clouds Over Aiguille de la Tsa</a><br>
2003 October 13: <a href="ap031013.html">Pelican Nebula Ionization Front</a><br>
2003 October 12: <a href="ap031012.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2003 October 11: <a href="ap031011.html">Moonrise Over Seattle</a><br>
2003 October 10: <a href="ap031010.html">Peculiar Arp 295</a><br>
2003 October 09: <a href="ap031009.html">Radio Jupiter</a><br>
2003 October 08: <a href="ap031008.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from HST</a><br>
2003 October 07: <a href="ap031007.html">The Colourful Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2003 October 06: <a href="ap031006.html">A Near Record Ozone Hole in 2003</a><br>
2003 October 05: <a href="ap031005.html">Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3</a><br>
2003 October 04: <a href="ap031004.html">X-Ray Moon</a><br>
2003 October 03: <a href="ap031003.html">Cold Comet Halley</a><br>
2003 October 02: <a href="ap031002.html">Reflections on the 1970s</a><br>
2003 October 01: <a href="ap031001.html">An Unusual Event Over South Wales</a><br>
2003 September 30: <a href="ap030930.html">The Sagittarius Dwarf Tidal Stream</a><br>
2003 September 29: <a href="ap030929.html">Aurora Over the Chugach Mountains</a><br>
2003 September 28: <a href="ap030928.html">Our Galaxy in Stars, Gas, and Dust</a><br>
2003 September 27: <a href="ap030927.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
2003 September 26: <a href="ap030926.html">IC1340 in the Eastern Veil</a><br>
2003 September 25: <a href="ap030925.html">Logarithmic Spirals Isabel and M51</a><br>
2003 September 24: <a href="ap030924.html">M33: Spiral Galaxy in Triangulum</a><br>
2003 September 23: <a href="ap030923.html">Egging On the Autumnal Equinox</a><br>
2003 September 22: <a href="ap030922.html">Opportunity Rockets Toward Mars</a><br>
2003 September 21: <a href="ap030921.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2003 September 20: <a href="ap030920.html">Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun</a><br>
2003 September 19: <a href="ap030919.html">Galileo's Europa</a><br>
2003 September 18: <a href="ap030918.html">Saturn by Three</a><br>
2003 September 17: <a href="ap030917.html">The 2MASS Galaxy Sky</a><br>
2003 September 16: <a href="ap030916.html">Hurricane Isabel Approaches</a><br>
2003 September 15: <a href="ap030915.html">Globular Cluster M3</a><br>
2003 September 14: <a href="ap030914.html">The Crab Nebula from VLT</a><br>
2003 September 13: <a href="ap030913.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2003 September 12: <a href="ap030912.html">A Note on the Perseus Cluster</a><br>
2003 September 11: <a href="ap030911.html">NGC 3370: A Sharper View</a><br>
2003 September 10: <a href="ap030910.html">Aurora Over Clouds</a><br>
2003 September 09: <a href="ap030909.html">A Gemini Sky</a><br>
2003 September 08: <a href="ap030908.html">Stars and Dust of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2003 September 07: <a href="ap030907.html">The Galactic Centre in Infrared</a><br>
2003 September 06: <a href="ap030906.html">Jupiter Unpeeled</a><br>
2003 September 05: <a href="ap030905.html">SIRTF Streak</a><br>
2003 September 04: <a href="ap030904.html">Composite Crab</a><br>
2003 September 03: <a href="ap030903.html">Galactic Supernova Remnant IC 443</a><br>
2003 September 02: <a href="ap030902.html">Contemplating Mars</a><br>
2003 September 01: <a href="ap030901.html">A Beautiful Trifid</a><br>
2003 August 31: <a href="ap030831.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2003 August 30: <a href="ap030830.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2003 August 29: <a href="ap030829.html">The Mineral Moon</a><br>
2003 August 28: <a href="ap030828.html">Mars Rising Behind Elephant Rock</a><br>
2003 August 27: <a href="ap030827.html">Big Mars from Hubble</a><br>
2003 August 26: <a href="ap030826.html">Earth Webcam Catches Mars Rotation</a><br>
2003 August 25: <a href="ap030825.html">The Northern Milky Way</a><br>
2003 August 24: <a href="ap030824.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2003 August 23: <a href="ap030823.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2003 August 22: <a href="ap030822.html">Shadow Rise</a><br>
2003 August 21: <a href="ap030821.html">X-Rays from M17</a><br>
2003 August 20: <a href="ap030820.html">The E Nebula in Aquila</a><br>
2003 August 19: <a href="ap030819.html">Mars Through a Small Telescope</a><br>
2003 August 18: <a href="ap030818.html">Bright Lights, Dark City</a><br>
2003 August 17: <a href="ap030817.html">Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise</a><br>
2003 August 16: <a href="ap030816.html">Thackeray's Globules</a><br>
2003 August 15: <a href="ap030815.html">Sedimentary Mars</a><br>
2003 August 14: <a href="ap030814.html">Dark Matter Map</a><br>
2003 August 13: <a href="ap030813.html">Mars Rising Behind Poodle Rock</a><br>
2003 August 12: <a href="ap030812.html">X-rays from Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
2003 August 11: <a href="ap030811.html">Elements of the Swan Nebula</a><br>
2003 August 10: <a href="ap030810.html">Lunation</a><br>
2003 August 09: <a href="ap030809.html">A Perseid Aurora</a><br>
2003 August 08: <a href="ap030808.html">Blue Stragglers in NGC 6397</a><br>
2003 August 07: <a href="ap030807.html">Palomar at Night</a><br>
2003 August 06: <a href="ap030806.html">Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
2003 August 05: <a href="ap030805.html">Shuttle Ferry</a><br>
2003 August 04: <a href="ap030804.html">In the Centre of the Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2003 August 03: <a href="ap030803.html">Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos</a><br>
2003 August 02: <a href="ap030802.html">Island Universe, Cosmic Sand</a><br>
2003 August 01: <a href="ap030801.html">Moons and Bright Mars</a><br>
2003 July 31: <a href="ap030731.html">Galaxy Group HCG 87</a><br>
2003 July 30: <a href="ap030730.html">Frosty Mountains on Mars</a><br>
2003 July 29: <a href="ap030729.html">Orange Sun Simmering</a><br>
2003 July 28: <a href="ap030728.html">Launch of the Spirit Rover Toward Mars</a><br>
2003 July 27: <a href="ap030727.html">The Aquarius Dwarf</a><br>
2003 July 26: <a href="ap030726.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 7742</a><br>
2003 July 25: <a href="ap030725.html">Dumbbell Nebula Halo</a><br>
2003 July 24: <a href="ap030724.html">Mars at the Moon's Edge</a><br>
2003 July 23: <a href="ap030723.html">GRACE Maps the Gravity of Earth</a><br>
2003 July 22: <a href="ap030722.html">A Tornado on Planet Earth</a><br>
2003 July 21: <a href="ap030721.html">IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius</a><br>
2003 July 20: <a href="ap030720.html">An Ion Drive for Deep Space 1</a><br>
2003 July 19: <a href="ap030719.html">NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group</a><br>
2003 July 18: <a href="ap030718.html">The Planet, the White Dwarf, and the Neutron Star</a><br>
2003 July 17: <a href="ap030717.html">The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
2003 July 16: <a href="ap030716.html">Mars' Simulated View</a><br>
2003 July 15: <a href="ap030715.html">Mars Rising Through Arch Rock</a><br>
2003 July 14: <a href="ap030714.html">The Satellites that Surround Earth</a><br>
2003 July 13: <a href="ap030713.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2003 July 12: <a href="ap030712.html">X-Ray Milky Way</a><br>
2003 July 11: <a href="ap030711.html">NGC 1068 and the X-Ray Flashlight</a><br>
2003 July 10: <a href="ap030710.html">Dust Storm Over Northern Mars</a><br>
2003 July 09: <a href="ap030709.html">HD70642: A Star with Similar Planets</a><br>
2003 July 08: <a href="ap030708.html">Mt Anatahan Erupts</a><br>
2003 July 07: <a href="ap030707.html">At the Edge of the Sun</a><br>
2003 July 06: <a href="ap030706.html">Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close</a><br>
2003 July 05: <a href="ap030705.html">X-Rays from an Active Galaxy</a><br>
2003 July 04: <a href="ap030704.html">N49's Cosmic Blast</a><br>
2003 July 03: <a href="ap030703.html">The Vela Pulsar's Dynamic Jet</a><br>
2003 July 02: <a href="ap030702.html">Aurora Over Cape Cod</a><br>
2003 July 01: <a href="ap030701.html">Martian Moon Phobos from MGS</a><br>
2003 June 30: <a href="ap030630.html">Disappearing Clouds in Carina</a><br>
2003 June 29: <a href="ap030629.html">The Solar Spectrum</a><br>
2003 June 28: <a href="ap030628.html">Messiers and Mars</a><br>
2003 June 27: <a href="ap030627.html">SpaceShipOne</a><br>
2003 June 26: <a href="ap030626.html">Martian Analemma</a><br>
2003 June 25: <a href="ap030625.html">Galaxies in the GOODS</a><br>
2003 June 24: <a href="ap030624.html">The Sun's Surface in 3D</a><br>
2003 June 23: <a href="ap030623.html">KamLAND Verifies the Sun</a><br>
2003 June 22: <a href="ap030622.html">Massive Stars of 30 Doradus</a><br>
2003 June 21: <a href="ap030621.html">A Crescent Earth at Midnight</a><br>
2003 June 20: <a href="ap030620.html">Snake in the Dark</a><br>
2003 June 19: <a href="ap030619.html">The Moon Maiden</a><br>
2003 June 18: <a href="ap030618.html">Clouds and the Moon Move to Block the Sun</a><br>
2003 June 17: <a href="ap030617.html">The Bubble Nebula from NOAO</a><br>
2003 June 16: <a href="ap030616.html">APOD Turns Eight</a><br>
2003 June 15: <a href="ap030615.html">Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
2003 June 14: <a href="ap030614.html">The Planetary Nebula Show</a><br>
2003 June 13: <a href="ap030613.html">Neptune: Still Springtime After All These Years</a><br>
2003 June 12: <a href="ap030612.html">Cyg X-1: Can Black Holes Form in the Dark?</a><br>
2003 June 11: <a href="ap030611.html">Two Million Galaxies</a><br>
2003 June 10: <a href="ap030610.html">Zooming in on the First Stars</a><br>
2003 June 09: <a href="ap030609.html">The Pencil Nebula Supernova Shockwave</a><br>
2003 June 08: <a href="ap030608.html">Rhea: Saturn's Second Largest Moon</a><br>
2003 June 07: <a href="ap030607.html">Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510-13</a><br>
2003 June 06: <a href="ap030606.html">Sun, Moon, Hot Air Balloon</a><br>
2003 June 05: <a href="ap030605.html">Ring of Fire from Cape Wrath</a><br>
2003 June 04: <a href="ap030604.html">Eclipse in the Mist</a><br>
2003 June 03: <a href="ap030603.html">The Milky Way Behind an Eclipsed Moon</a><br>
2003 June 02: <a href="ap030602.html">The Fogs of Mars</a><br>
2003 June 01: <a href="ap030601.html">GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole</a><br>
2003 May 31: <a href="ap030531.html">NGC 1818: Pick A Star</a><br>
2003 May 30: <a href="ap030530.html">Ring of Fire Revisited</a><br>
2003 May 29: <a href="ap030529.html">Frizion Illume</a><br>
2003 May 28: <a href="ap030528.html"> SNR 0103-72.6: Oxygen Supply</a><br>
2003 May 27: <a href="ap030527.html">A Mercury Transit Sequence</a><br>
2003 May 26: <a href="ap030526.html">The Earth and Moon from Mars</a><br>
2003 May 25: <a href="ap030525.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 Almost Sideways</a><br>
2003 May 24: <a href="ap030524.html">M74: The Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2003 May 23: <a href="ap030523.html">Eclipsed Moon and Stars</a><br>
2003 May 22: <a href="ap030522.html">Eclipsed Moon Montage</a><br>
2003 May 21: <a href="ap030521.html">Copper Moon, Golden Gate</a><br>
2003 May 20: <a href="ap030520.html">A Primordial Quasar</a><br>
2003 May 19: <a href="ap030519.html">The Andromeda Deep Field</a><br>
2003 May 18: <a href="ap030518.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2003 May 17: <a href="ap030517.html">Dark Sky, Bright Sun</a><br>
2003 May 16: <a href="ap030516.html">A Tale of Two Nebulae</a><br>
2003 May 15: <a href="ap030515.html">Moon Slide Slim</a><br>
2003 May 14: <a href="ap030514.html">The North Pole of Venus</a><br>
2003 May 13: <a href="ap030513.html">Mercury Transits the Sun</a><br>
2003 May 12: <a href="ap030512.html">In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula</a><br>
2003 May 11: <a href="ap030511.html">M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT</a><br>
2003 May 10: <a href="ap030510.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
2003 May 09: <a href="ap030509.html">International Space Station in Transit</a><br>
2003 May 08: <a href="ap030508.html">Mercury Spotting</a><br>
2003 May 07: <a href="ap030507.html">The Southern Sky from the International Space Station</a><br>
2003 May 06: <a href="ap030506.html">A Chicago Meteorite Fall</a><br>
2003 May 05: <a href="ap030505.html">NGC 1275: A Galactic Collision</a><br>
2003 May 04: <a href="ap030504.html">A Sonic Boom</a><br>
2003 May 03: <a href="ap030503.html">Denizen of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
2003 May 02: <a href="ap030502.html">Five to Mars</a><br>
2003 May 01: <a href="ap030501.html">The Energetic Jet from Centaurus A</a><br>
2003 April 30: <a href="ap030430.html">A Lenticular Cloud Over New Hampshire</a><br>
2003 April 29: <a href="ap030429.html">In the Centre of the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2003 April 28: <a href="ap030428.html">Rollout of a Soyuz TMA 2 Rocket</a><br>
2003 April 27: <a href="ap030427.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2003 April 26: <a href="ap030426.html">Big Blue Marble Earth</a><br>
2003 April 25: <a href="ap030425.html">M17: A Hubble Close-Up</a><br>
2003 April 24: <a href="ap030424.html">Earth at Twilight</a><br>
2003 April 23: <a href="ap030423.html">The Stars of NGC 1705</a><br>
2003 April 22: <a href="ap030422.html">Springtime on Mars</a><br>
2003 April 21: <a href="ap030421.html">A Halo Around the Moon</a><br>
2003 April 20: <a href="ap030420.html">The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2003 April 19: <a href="ap030419.html">Spiral Galaxy In Centaurus</a><br>
2003 April 18: <a href="ap030418.html">Double Eruptive Prominences</a><br>
2003 April 17: <a href="ap030417.html">M106 in Canes Venatici</a><br>
2003 April 16: <a href="ap030416.html">Magma Bubbles from Mt Etna</a><br>
2003 April 15: <a href="ap030415.html">A Crescent Nebula Star Field</a><br>
2003 April 14: <a href="ap030414.html">A Gamma Ray Burst Supernova Connection</a><br>
2003 April 13: <a href="ap030413.html">NGC 1365: A Nearby Barred Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2003 April 12: <a href="ap030412.html">Mercury on the Horizon</a><br>
2003 April 11: <a href="ap030411.html">London at Night</a><br>
2003 April 10: <a href="ap030410.html">Energized Nebula in the LMC</a><br>
2003 April 09: <a href="ap030409.html">The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light</a><br>
2003 April 08: <a href="ap030408.html">Aurora from Space</a><br>
2003 April 07: <a href="ap030407.html">NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules</a><br>
2003 April 06: <a href="ap030406.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2003 April 05: <a href="ap030405.html">The Seasons of Saturn</a><br>
2003 April 04: <a href="ap030404.html">Clusters and Nebulae of the Hexagon</a><br>
2003 April 03: <a href="ap030403.html">Jupiter in the Hive</a><br>
2003 April 02: <a href="ap030402.html">V838 Light Echo: The Movie</a><br>
2003 April 01: <a href="ap030401.html">A New Constellation Takes Hold</a><br>
2003 March 31: <a href="ap030331.html">Mt Etna Lava Plumes</a><br>
2003 March 30: <a href="ap030330.html">Beijing Ancient Observatory</a><br>
2003 March 29: <a href="ap030329.html">The Shadow of Phobos</a><br>
2003 March 28: <a href="ap030328.html">1006 AD: Supernova in the Sky</a><br>
2003 March 27: <a href="ap030327.html">Light Echoes from V838 Mon</a><br>
2003 March 26: <a href="ap030326.html">A Lenticular Cloud Over Wyoming</a><br>
2003 March 25: <a href="ap030325.html">A Slow Explosion</a><br>
2003 March 24: <a href="ap030324.html">A Digital Sunset Over Europe and Africa</a><br>
2003 March 23: <a href="ap030323.html">Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System</a><br>
2003 March 22: <a href="ap030322.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2003 March 21: <a href="ap030321.html">Stars and Planets in the Halo of the Moon</a><br>
2003 March 20: <a href="ap030320.html">Sunrise Analemma</a><br>
2003 March 19: <a href="ap030319.html">Jupiter's Great Dark Spot</a><br>
2003 March 18: <a href="ap030318.html">Coronal Holes on the Sun</a><br>
2003 March 17: <a href="ap030317.html">SN 1006: History's Brightest Supernova</a><br>
2003 March 16: <a href="ap030316.html">NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy</a><br>
2003 March 15: <a href="ap030315.html">Apollo 12: Self-Portrait</a><br>
2003 March 14: <a href="ap030314.html">DEM L71: When Small Stars Explode</a><br>
2003 March 13: <a href="ap030313.html">WIRO at Jupiter</a><br>
2003 March 12: <a href="ap030312.html">Lunar Farside from Apollo 11</a><br>
2003 March 11: <a href="ap030311.html">Iridescent clouds</a><br>
2003 March 10: <a href="ap030310.html">M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br>
2003 March 09: <a href="ap030309.html">Farewell Jupiter</a><br>
2003 March 08: <a href="ap030308.html">Solar Sail</a><br>
2003 March 07: <a href="ap030307.html">The Star Trails of Kilimanjaro</a><br>
2003 March 06: <a href="ap030306.html">Comet NEAT in Southern Skies</a><br>
2003 March 05: <a href="ap030305.html">Where People Live on Planet Earth</a><br>
2003 March 04: <a href="ap030304.html">In the Centre of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2003 March 03: <a href="ap030303.html">Will the Universe End in a Big Rip?</a><br>
2003 March 02: <a href="ap030302.html">In the Centre of the Trapezium</a><br>
2003 March 01: <a href="ap030301.html">Stereo Eros</a><br>
2003 February 28: <a href="ap030228.html">Fox Fur, the Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree</a><br>
2003 February 27: <a href="ap030227.html">When Moons and Shadows Dance</a><br>
2003 February 26: <a href="ap030226.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Horseshoe Canyon</a><br>
2003 February 25: <a href="ap030225.html">M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula</a><br>
2003 February 24: <a href="ap030224.html">Comet NEAT Passes an Erupting Sun</a><br>
2003 February 23: <a href="ap030223.html">A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
2003 February 22: <a href="ap030222.html">Infrared Saturn</a><br>
2003 February 21: <a href="ap030221.html">Melting Snow and the Gullies of Mars</a><br>
2003 February 20: <a href="ap030220.html">Cold Wind from the Boomerang Nebula</a><br>
2003 February 19: <a href="ap030219.html">Pauli Exclusion Principle: Why You Don't Implode</a><br>
2003 February 18: <a href="ap030218.html">Candor and Ophir Chasmata</a><br>
2003 February 17: <a href="ap030217.html">Universe Age from the Microwave Background</a><br>
2003 February 16: <a href="ap030216.html">Southwest Mercury</a><br>
2003 February 15: <a href="ap030215.html">Happy Birthday Jules Verne</a><br>
2003 February 14: <a href="ap030214.html">The Heart in NGC 346</a><br>
2003 February 13: <a href="ap030213.html">The Eagle Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2003 February 12: <a href="ap030212.html">WMAP Resolves the Universe</a><br>
2003 February 11: <a href="ap030211.html">Dumbbell Nebula Close Up from Hubble</a><br>
2003 February 10: <a href="ap030210.html">Comet NEAT Approaches the Sun</a><br>
2003 February 09: <a href="ap030209.html">COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2003 February 08: <a href="ap030208.html">AB Aurigae: How To Make Planets</a><br>
2003 February 07: <a href="ap030207.html">Orion on Film</a><br>
2003 February 06: <a href="ap030206.html">X-Rays from M83</a><br>
2003 February 05: <a href="ap030205.html">Unusual Gullies and Channels on Mars</a><br>
2003 February 04: <a href="ap030204.html">Wisps of the Veil Nebula</a><br>
2003 February 03: <a href="ap030203.html">Space Shuttle and Crew Lost During Re-Entry</a><br>
2003 February 02: <a href="ap030202.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2003 February 01: <a href="ap030201.html">The Nebula And The Neutron Star</a><br>
2003 January 31: <a href="ap030131.html">Auroral Rocket Launch</a><br>
2003 January 30: <a href="ap030130.html">Comet Kudo-Fujikawa: Days in the Sun</a><br>
2003 January 29: <a href="ap030129.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2003 January 28: <a href="ap030128.html">The Lost World of Lake Vida</a><br>
2003 January 27: <a href="ap030127.html">BHR 71: Stars, Clouds, and Jets</a><br>
2003 January 26: <a href="ap030126.html">The Lyman Alpha Forest</a><br>
2003 January 25: <a href="ap030125.html">Palomar 13's Last Stand</a><br>
2003 January 24: <a href="ap030124.html">Seyfert's Sextet</a><br>
2003 January 23: <a href="ap030123.html">Launch of the Sun Pillar</a><br>
2003 January 22: <a href="ap030122.html">M11: The Wild Duck Cluster</a><br>
2003 January 21: <a href="ap030121.html">The Reflecting Dust Clouds of Orion</a><br>
2003 January 20: <a href="ap030120.html">Io at Sunset</a><br>
2003 January 19: <a href="ap030119.html">Fullerenes as Miniature Cosmic Time Capsules</a><br>
2003 January 18: <a href="ap030118.html">Filaments in the Cygnus Loop</a><br>
2003 January 17: <a href="ap030117.html">Stars and the Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2003 January 16: <a href="ap030116.html">NGC 1700: Elliptical Galaxy and Rotating Disk</a><br>
2003 January 15: <a href="ap030115.html">Ringed Planet Uranus</a><br>
2003 January 14: <a href="ap030114.html">0313-192: The Wrong Galaxy</a><br>
2003 January 13: <a href="ap030113.html">The Dumbbell Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen</a><br>
2003 January 12: <a href="ap030112.html">A Spherule from Outer Space</a><br>
2003 January 11: <a href="ap030111.html">Apollo 17: Boulder in Stereo</a><br>
2003 January 10: <a href="ap030110.html">The Crab that Played with the Planet</a><br>
2003 January 09: <a href="ap030109.html">Abell 1689 Warps Space</a><br>
2003 January 08: <a href="ap030108.html">X-Rays from the Galactic Core</a><br>
2003 January 07: <a href="ap030107.html">Open Star Cluster M38</a><br>
2003 January 06: <a href="ap030106.html">Shadow Cone of a Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2003 January 05: <a href="ap030105.html">Atlantis to Orbit</a><br>
2003 January 04: <a href="ap030104.html">A Magellanic Starfield</a><br>
2003 January 03: <a href="ap030103.html">POX 186: Not So Long Ago</a><br>
2003 January 02: <a href="ap030102.html">Mt. Etna Eruption Plume</a><br>
2003 January 01: <a href="ap030101.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2002 December 31: <a href="ap021231.html">A Year of Assessing Astronomical Hazards</a><br>
2002 December 30: <a href="ap021230.html">A Sun Pillar</a><br>
2002 December 29: <a href="ap021229.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
2002 December 28: <a href="ap021228.html">Mir Dreams</a><br>
2002 December 27: <a href="ap021227.html">X-Ray Mystery in RCW 38</a><br>
2002 December 26: <a href="ap021226.html">Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica</a><br>
2002 December 25: <a href="ap021225.html">Orion Rising</a><br>
2002 December 24: <a href="ap021224.html">Spring Dust Storms at the North Pole of Mars</a><br>
2002 December 23: <a href="ap021223.html">Stars and Dust Through Baade's Window</a><br>
2002 December 22: <a href="ap021222.html">Summer at the South Pole</a><br>
2002 December 21: <a href="ap021221.html">Solstice Celebration</a><br>
2002 December 20: <a href="ap021220.html">Colourful Clouds of Orion</a><br>
2002 December 19: <a href="ap021219.html">RAPTOR Images GRB 021211</a><br>
2002 December 18: <a href="ap021218.html">Io Volcano Culann Patera</a><br>
2002 December 17: <a href="ap021217.html">Beefing Up the International Space Station</a><br>
2002 December 16: <a href="ap021216.html">Night and Day in Melas Chasma on Mars</a><br>
2002 December 15: <a href="ap021215.html">A Network of Microlensing Caustics</a><br>
2002 December 14: <a href="ap021214.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2002 December 13: <a href="ap021213.html">The Crown of the Sun</a><br>
2002 December 12: <a href="ap021212.html">Apollo 17: Last on the Moon</a><br>
2002 December 11: <a href="ap021211.html">Meteors Between Stars and Clouds</a><br>
2002 December 10: <a href="ap021210.html">M17: Omega Nebula Star Factory</a><br>
2002 December 09: <a href="ap021209.html">Moon Shadow Moves Over Africa</a><br>
2002 December 08: <a href="ap021208.html">The International Space Station Expands Yet Again</a><br>
2002 December 07: <a href="ap021207.html">Jupiter, Io, and Shadow</a><br>
2002 December 06: <a href="ap021206.html">Zimbabwe Solar Eclipse</a><br>
2002 December 05: <a href="ap021205.html">NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet</a><br>
2002 December 04: <a href="ap021204.html">Moon, Mars, Venus, and Spica</a><br>
2002 December 03: <a href="ap021203.html">Eclipse Over Acacia</a><br>
2002 December 02: <a href="ap021202.html">Nearby Spiral M33</a><br>
2002 December 01: <a href="ap021201.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2002 November 30: <a href="ap021130.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
2002 November 29: <a href="ap021129.html">Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158</a><br>
2002 November 28: <a href="ap021128.html">The Supermassive Black Holes of NGC 6240</a><br>
2002 November 27: <a href="ap021127.html">Leonids and Leica</a><br>
2002 November 26: <a href="ap021126.html">Name This Martian Robot</a><br>
2002 November 25: <a href="ap021125.html">The Earth's Magnetic Field</a><br>
2002 November 24: <a href="ap021124.html">Hubble Floats Free</a><br>
2002 November 23: <a href="ap021123.html">Mare Orientale</a><br>
2002 November 22: <a href="ap021122.html">Full Moon, Lake, and Leonids Indeed</a><br>
2002 November 21: <a href="ap021121.html">Starburst Galaxy M94</a><br>
2002 November 20: <a href="ap021120.html">Leonids vs The Moon</a><br>
2002 November 19: <a href="ap021119.html">Leonid Meteors in 2002</a><br>
2002 November 18: <a href="ap021118.html">The Car, the Hole, and the Peekskill Meteorite</a><br>
2002 November 17: <a href="ap021117.html">Leonids from Leo</a><br>
2002 November 16: <a href="ap021116.html">Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet</a><br>
2002 November 15: <a href="ap021115.html">Night Trails of Africa</a><br>
2002 November 14: <a href="ap021114.html">The Sharpest View of the Sun</a><br>
2002 November 13: <a href="ap021113.html">Asteroid Annefrank</a><br>
2002 November 12: <a href="ap021112.html">Terkezi Oasis in the Sahara Desert</a><br>
2002 November 11: <a href="ap021111.html">The Outer Shells of Centaurus A</a><br>
2002 November 10: <a href="ap021110.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
2002 November 09: <a href="ap021109.html">A Cerro Tololo Sky</a><br>
2002 November 08: <a href="ap021108.html">NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula</a><br>
2002 November 07: <a href="ap021107.html">2001 Leonids: Meteors in Perspective</a><br>
2002 November 06: <a href="ap021106.html">The Winter Hexagon</a><br>
2002 November 05: <a href="ap021105.html">Leonids Over Joshua Tree National Park</a><br>
2002 November 04: <a href="ap021104.html">Cassini Approaches Saturn</a><br>
2002 November 03: <a href="ap021103.html">The International Space Station Expands Again</a><br>
2002 November 02: <a href="ap021102.html">NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery</a><br>
2002 November 01: <a href="ap021101.html">Europa's Freckles</a><br>
2002 October 31: <a href="ap021031.html">Aurora in the Night</a><br>
2002 October 30: <a href="ap021030.html">Leonids Over Uluru</a><br>
2002 October 29: <a href="ap021029.html">A Lunar Rille</a><br>
2002 October 28: <a href="ap021028.html">Earth's Richat Structure</a><br>
2002 October 27: <a href="ap021027.html">Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face</a><br>
2002 October 26: <a href="ap021026.html">Dark Matter, X-rays, and NGC 720</a><br>
2002 October 25: <a href="ap021025.html">Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy</a><br>
2002 October 24: <a href="ap021024.html">Gullies on Mars</a><br>
2002 October 23: <a href="ap021023.html">Liftoff With the Space Shuttle</a><br>
2002 October 22: <a href="ap021022.html">A Small Double Ozone Hole in 2002</a><br>
2002 October 21: <a href="ap021021.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
2002 October 20: <a href="ap021020.html">The Space Shuttle Docked with Mir</a><br>
2002 October 19: <a href="ap021019.html">Io's Surface: Under Construction</a><br>
2002 October 18: <a href="ap021018.html">At the Centre of the Milk Way</a><br>
2002 October 17: <a href="ap021017.html">Centaurus A: Young Blue Star Stream</a><br>
2002 October 16: <a href="ap021016.html">Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors</a><br>
2002 October 15: <a href="ap021015.html">Aurora's Ring</a><br>
2002 October 14: <a href="ap021014.html">IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula</a><br>
2002 October 13: <a href="ap021013.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
2002 October 12: <a href="ap021012.html">Chandra Deep Field</a><br>
2002 October 11: <a href="ap021011.html">Fomalhaut Dust Disk Indicates Planets</a><br>
2002 October 10: <a href="ap021010.html">Dusty Environs of Eta Carinae</a><br>
2002 October 09: <a href="ap021009.html">Quaoar: Large Asteroid in the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2002 October 08: <a href="ap021008.html">The X-Ray Jets of XTE J1550</a><br>
2002 October 07: <a href="ap021007.html">The Galaxy and the Quasar</a><br>
2002 October 06: <a href="ap021006.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Three Colours</a><br>
2002 October 05: <a href="ap021005.html">X-Ray Cygnus A</a><br>
2002 October 04: <a href="ap021004.html">Facing NGC 6946</a><br>
2002 October 03: <a href="ap021003.html">V838 Mon: Mystery Star</a><br>
2002 October 02: <a href="ap021002.html">Star Clouds Toward the Southern Crown</a><br>
2002 October 01: <a href="ap021001.html">Rectangular Ridges on Mars</a><br>
2002 September 30: <a href="ap020930.html">D rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts</a><br>
2002 September 29: <a href="ap020929.html">Venus: Just Passing By</a><br>
2002 September 28: <a href="ap020928.html">X-Ray Rainbows</a><br>
2002 September 27: <a href="ap020927.html">Accretion Disk Simulation</a><br>
2002 September 26: <a href="ap020926.html">Rocket Trail at Sunset</a><br>
2002 September 25: <a href="ap020925.html">Jupiter, Moons, and Bees</a><br>
2002 September 24: <a href="ap020924.html">To Fly Free in Space</a><br>
2002 September 23: <a href="ap020923.html">The Milky Way Over the French Alps</a><br>
2002 September 22: <a href="ap020922.html">Two Hours Before Neptune</a><br>
2002 September 21: <a href="ap020921.html">Moonset, Planet Earth</a><br>
2002 September 20: <a href="ap020920.html">The Crab Nebula Pulsar Shrugs</a><br>
2002 September 19: <a href="ap020919.html">Asteroid 1998 KY26</a><br>
2002 September 18: <a href="ap020918.html">A Sagittarius Starscape</a><br>
2002 September 17: <a href="ap020917.html">A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect</a><br>
2002 September 16: <a href="ap020916.html">An Atlas V Rocket Prepares to Launch</a><br>
2002 September 15: <a href="ap020915.html">Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn</a><br>
2002 September 14: <a href="ap020914.html">X-Ray Moon</a><br>
2002 September 13: <a href="ap020913.html">Aristarchus Plateau</a><br>
2002 September 12: <a href="ap020912.html">X-Rays From Tycho's Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2002 September 11: <a href="ap020911.html">Pluto and Charon Eclipse a Triple Star</a><br>
2002 September 10: <a href="ap020910.html">Venus Beyond the Storm</a><br>
2002 September 09: <a href="ap020909.html">Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy</a><br>
2002 September 08: <a href="ap020908.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
2002 September 07: <a href="ap020907.html">Stereo Saturn</a><br>
2002 September 06: <a href="ap020906.html">HESS Gamma Ray Telescope</a><br>
2002 September 05: <a href="ap020905.html">Voyager Views Titan's Haze</a><br>
2002 September 04: <a href="ap020904.html">Halo of the Cat's Eye</a><br>
2002 September 03: <a href="ap020903.html">A Dust Devil on Mars</a><br>
2002 September 02: <a href="ap020902.html">Colourful Light Pillars</a><br>
2002 September 01: <a href="ap020901.html">The Hubble Deep Field</a><br>
2002 August 31: <a href="ap020831.html">The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle</a><br>
2002 August 30: <a href="ap020830.html">Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2002 August 29: <a href="ap020829.html">The Pelican in the Swan</a><br>
2002 August 28: <a href="ap020828.html">3D Mars: Northern Terra Meridiani</a><br>
2002 August 27: <a href="ap020827.html">Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
2002 August 26: <a href="ap020826.html">The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript</a><br>
2002 August 25: <a href="ap020825.html">Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On</a><br>
2002 August 24: <a href="ap020824.html">Cas A Supernova Remnant in X Rays</a><br>
2002 August 23: <a href="ap020823.html">Island Universe, Cosmic Sand</a><br>
2002 August 22: <a href="ap020822.html">Shell Game in NGC 300</a><br>
2002 August 21: <a href="ap020821.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 300</a><br>
2002 August 20: <a href="ap020820.html">The Universe in Hot Gas</a><br>
2002 August 19: <a href="ap020819.html">Roque de los Muchachos Observatory</a><br>
2002 August 18: <a href="ap020818.html">Earth's North Magnetic Pole</a><br>
2002 August 17: <a href="ap020817.html">Asteroid 2002 NY40</a><br>
2002 August 16: <a href="ap020816.html">Rainbow Perseid</a><br>
2002 August 15: <a href="ap020815.html">Meteors and Northern Lights</a><br>
2002 August 14: <a href="ap020814.html">Giant Emission Nebula NGC 3603 in Infrared</a><br>
2002 August 13: <a href="ap020813.html">Contemplating the Sky</a><br>
2002 August 12: <a href="ap020812.html">The Colours and Mysteries of Centaurus A</a><br>
2002 August 11: <a href="ap020811.html">A Perseid Meteor</a><br>
2002 August 10: <a href="ap020810.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2002 August 09: <a href="ap020809.html">Fireworks and Shooting Stars</a><br>
2002 August 08: <a href="ap020808.html">Ancient Volcanos of Mars</a><br>
2002 August 07: <a href="ap020807.html">Gomez's Hamburger: A Proto Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2002 August 06: <a href="ap020806.html">Muon Wobble Possible Door to Supersymmetric Universe</a><br>
2002 August 05: <a href="ap020805.html">Rays from an Unexpected Aurora</a><br>
2002 August 04: <a href="ap020804.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 2997 from VLT</a><br>
2002 August 03: <a href="ap020803.html">The Galactic Centre A Radio Mystery</a><br>
2002 August 02: <a href="ap020802.html">Comet 57P Falls to Pieces</a><br>
2002 August 01: <a href="ap020801.html">Sunspots and Solar Active Regions</a><br>
2002 July 31: <a href="ap020731.html">Henize 3-401: An Elongated Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2002 July 30: <a href="ap020730.html">A Star Cluster in Motion</a><br>
2002 July 29: <a href="ap020729.html">A Setting Sun Trail</a><br>
2002 July 28: <a href="ap020728.html">An Anomalous SETI Signal</a><br>
2002 July 27: <a href="ap020727.html">Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun</a><br>
2002 July 26: <a href="ap020726.html">Clearing Skies</a><br>
2002 July 25: <a href="ap020725.html">NGC 1569: Heavy Elements from a Small Galaxy</a><br>
2002 July 24: <a href="ap020724.html">Our Busy Solar System</a><br>
2002 July 23: <a href="ap020723.html">The View from Everest</a><br>
2002 July 22: <a href="ap020722.html">Open Cluster NGC 6520 from CFHT</a><br>
2002 July 21: <a href="ap020721.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
2002 July 20: <a href="ap020720.html">Footprints on Another World</a><br>
2002 July 19: <a href="ap020719.html">Counting Stars in the Infrared Sky</a><br>
2002 July 18: <a href="ap020718.html">Sunspot Region 30</a><br>
2002 July 17: <a href="ap020717.html">Star-Forming Region RCW38 from 2MASS</a><br>
2002 July 16: <a href="ap020716.html">Outbound from Mercury</a><br>
2002 July 15: <a href="ap020715.html">Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star</a><br>
2002 July 14: <a href="ap020714.html">The Crab Nebula from VLT</a><br>
2002 July 13: <a href="ap020713.html">Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater</a><br>
2002 July 12: <a href="ap020712.html">Recycling Cassiopeia A</a><br>
2002 July 11: <a href="ap020711.html">M51: X-Rays from the Whirlpool</a><br>
2002 July 10: <a href="ap020710.html">M51: Cosmic Whirlpool</a><br>
2002 July 09: <a href="ap020709.html">Analemma</a><br>
2002 July 08: <a href="ap020708.html">Weighing Empty Space</a><br>
2002 July 07: <a href="ap020707.html">The Galactic Centre Across the Infrared</a><br>
2002 July 06: <a href="ap020706.html">Io: Moon Over Jupiter</a><br>
2002 July 05: <a href="ap020705.html">Many Moons</a><br>
2002 July 04: <a href="ap020704.html">Young Star Clusters in an Old Galaxy</a><br>
2002 July 03: <a href="ap020703.html">Interstellar Dust Bunnies of NGC 891</a><br>
2002 July 02: <a href="ap020702.html">The Average Colour of the Universe</a><br>
2002 July 01: <a href="ap020701.html">The Fox Fur Nebula</a><br>
2002 June 30: <a href="ap020630.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a><br>
2002 June 29: <a href="ap020629.html">A Deep Field In The Southern Sky</a><br>
2002 June 28: <a href="ap020628.html">Lunar Module at Taurus-Littrow</a><br>
2002 June 27: <a href="ap020627.html">Carving Ma'adim Vallis</a><br>
2002 June 26: <a href="ap020626.html">In the Centre of the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2002 June 25: <a href="ap020625.html">Venus and Jupiter Over Belfast</a><br>
2002 June 24: <a href="ap020624.html">The Sun's Heliosphere and Heliopause</a><br>
2002 June 23: <a href="ap020623.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
2002 June 22: <a href="ap020622.html">Io: The Prometheus Plume</a><br>
2002 June 21: <a href="ap020621.html">Zimbabwe Sunset</a><br>
2002 June 20: <a href="ap020620.html">Bright Galaxy M81</a><br>
2002 June 19: <a href="ap020619.html">The Moon and Venus Over Geneva</a><br>
2002 June 18: <a href="ap020618.html">IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula</a><br>
2002 June 17: <a href="ap020617.html">NGC 4697: X-Rays from an Elliptical Galaxy</a><br>
2002 June 16: <a href="ap020616.html">Jupiter's Rings Revealed</a><br>
2002 June 15: <a href="ap020615.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula</a><br>
2002 June 14: <a href="ap020614.html">55 Cancri: Familiar Planet Discovered</a><br>
2002 June 13: <a href="ap020613.html">The Tarantula Zone</a><br>
2002 June 12: <a href="ap020612.html">A Partial Eclipse Over the Golden Gate Bridge</a><br>
2002 June 11: <a href="ap020611.html">Inside the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2002 June 10: <a href="ap020610.html">Annular Eclipse: The Ring of Fire</a><br>
2002 June 09: <a href="ap020609.html">A Chamaeleon Sky</a><br>
2002 June 08: <a href="ap020608.html">A Fleeting Eclipse</a><br>
2002 June 07: <a href="ap020607.html">Portrait of an Infant Solar System</a><br>
2002 June 06: <a href="ap020606.html">Cone Nebula Infrared Close-Up</a><br>
2002 June 05: <a href="ap020605.html">NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group</a><br>
2002 June 04: <a href="ap020604.html">A Martian Metamorphosis</a><br>
2002 June 03: <a href="ap020603.html">Galaxy NGC 4388 Expels Huge Gas Cloud</a><br>
2002 June 02: <a href="ap020602.html">Cracks and Ridges on Europa</a><br>
2002 June 01: <a href="ap020601.html">NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog</a><br>
2002 May 31: <a href="ap020531.html">In Chandor Chasma on Mars</a><br>
2002 May 30: <a href="ap020530.html">Orion Nebulosities</a><br>
2002 May 29: <a href="ap020529.html">Cosmic Ripples Implicate Dark Universe</a><br>
2002 May 28: <a href="ap020528.html">The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes</a><br>
2002 May 27: <a href="ap020527.html">Antarctic Ice Shelf Vista</a><br>
2002 May 26: <a href="ap020526.html">The Pipe Dark Nebula</a><br>
2002 May 25: <a href="ap020525.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
2002 May 24: <a href="ap020524.html">Love and War by Moonlight</a><br>
2002 May 23: <a href="ap020523.html">N132D and the Colour of X-Rays</a><br>
2002 May 22: <a href="ap020522.html">Moon and Planets by the Eiffel Tower</a><br>
2002 May 21: <a href="ap020521.html">The Galactic Centre Radio Arc</a><br>
2002 May 20: <a href="ap020520.html">East of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2002 May 19: <a href="ap020519.html">Saturn's Moon Tethys</a><br>
2002 May 18: <a href="ap020518.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2002 May 17: <a href="ap020517.html">Gamma Ray Burst, Supernova Bump</a><br>
2002 May 16: <a href="ap020516.html">Double Trouble Solar Bubbles</a><br>
2002 May 15: <a href="ap020515.html">Tail Wags of Comet Ikeya Zhang</a><br>
2002 May 14: <a href="ap020514.html">N44C: A Nebular Mystery</a><br>
2002 May 13: <a href="ap020513.html">White Rock Fingers on Mars</a><br>
2002 May 12: <a href="ap020512.html">At the Edge of the Helix Nebula</a><br>
2002 May 11: <a href="ap020511.html">Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise</a><br>
2002 May 10: <a href="ap020510.html">Trailing Planets</a><br>
2002 May 09: <a href="ap020509.html">Planets Over Stonehenge</a><br>
2002 May 08: <a href="ap020508.html">Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2002 May 07: <a href="ap020507.html">Smog Over New York</a><br>
2002 May 06: <a href="ap020506.html">NGC 4676: When Mice Collide</a><br>
2002 May 05: <a href="ap020505.html">The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2002 May 04: <a href="ap020504.html">The Moons of Earth</a><br>
2002 May 03: <a href="ap020503.html">Cone Nebula Close Up</a><br>
2002 May 02: <a href="ap020502.html">Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail</a><br>
2002 May 01: <a href="ap020501.html">In the Centre of the Omega Nebula</a><br>
2002 April 30: <a href="ap020430.html">The Holographic Principle</a><br>
2002 April 29: <a href="ap020429.html">Dusk of the Planets</a><br>
2002 April 28: <a href="ap020428.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2002 April 27: <a href="ap020427.html">Hawaii</a><br>
2002 April 26: <a href="ap020426.html">Comet Ikeya-Zhang Meets The ISS</a><br>
2002 April 25: <a href="ap020425.html">Southern Cross in Mauna Loa Skies</a><br>
2002 April 24: <a href="ap020424.html">The Trifid Nebula from AAO</a><br>
2002 April 23: <a href="ap020423.html">The Newly Expanded International Space Station</a><br>
2002 April 22: <a href="ap020422.html">Comet and Aurora Over Alaska</a><br>
2002 April 21: <a href="ap020421.html">The Centre of Centaurus A</a><br>
2002 April 20: <a href="ap020420.html">Orion Nebula: The 2MASS View</a><br>
2002 April 19: <a href="ap020419.html">The Old Moon in the New Moon's Arms</a><br>
2002 April 18: <a href="ap020418.html">Planets in the West</a><br>
2002 April 17: <a href="ap020417.html">The Glory</a><br>
2002 April 16: <a href="ap020416.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
2002 April 15: <a href="ap020415.html">A New Truss for the International Space Station</a><br>
2002 April 14: <a href="ap020414.html">RX J185635-375: Candidate Quark Star</a><br>
2002 April 13: <a href="ap020413.html">Pwyll: Icy Crater of Europa</a><br>
2002 April 12: <a href="ap020412.html">A Galaxy is not a Comet</a><br>
2002 April 11: <a href="ap020411.html">Antennae Galaxies in Near Infrared</a><br>
2002 April 10: <a href="ap020410.html">Unusual Rocks in Death Valley</a><br>
2002 April 09: <a href="ap020409.html">The Snake Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2002 April 08: <a href="ap020408.html">NGC 2787: A Barred Lenticular Galaxy</a><br>
2002 April 07: <a href="ap020407.html">The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble</a><br>
2002 April 06: <a href="ap020406.html">Vintage Gamma Rays</a><br>
2002 April 05: <a href="ap020405.html">Gamma Ray Burst Afterglow: Supernova Connection</a><br>
2002 April 04: <a href="ap020404.html">Ikeya-Zhang: Comet Over Colorado</a><br>
2002 April 03: <a href="ap020403.html">NGC 4414: A Flocculent Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
2002 April 02: <a href="ap020402.html">Mysterious Black Water in Florida Bay</a><br>
2002 April 01: <a href="ap020401.html">Hubble Resolves Expiration Date For Green Cheese Moon</a><br>
2002 March 31: <a href="ap020331.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2002 March 30: <a href="ap020330.html">Venus Unveiled</a><br>
2002 March 29: <a href="ap020329.html">NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy</a><br>
2002 March 28: <a href="ap020328.html">Centaurus Galaxy Cluster in X-Rays</a><br>
2002 March 27: <a href="ap020327.html">Looking Into an Io Volcano</a><br>
2002 March 26: <a href="ap020326.html">Comet Ikeya-Zhang over Tenerife</a><br>
2002 March 25: <a href="ap020325.html">An Unusual Globule in IC 1396</a><br>
2002 March 24: <a href="ap020324.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
2002 March 23: <a href="ap020323.html">The Water Vapor Channel</a><br>
2002 March 22: <a href="ap020322.html">Odyssey Over Mars</a><br>
2002 March 21: <a href="ap020321.html">S is for Sun</a><br>
2002 March 20: <a href="ap020320.html">Aurora Over Antarctica</a><br>
2002 March 19: <a href="ap020319.html">Breaking Distant Light</a><br>
2002 March 18: <a href="ap020318.html">Comet Ikeya-Zhang's Busy Tail</a><br>
2002 March 17: <a href="ap020317.html">NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2002 March 16: <a href="ap020316.html">The Colourful Moon</a><br>
2002 March 15: <a href="ap020315.html">Neutron Mars</a><br>
2002 March 14: <a href="ap020314.html">SM3B: Mission to Hubble</a><br>
2002 March 13: <a href="ap020313.html">LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide</a><br>
2002 March 12: <a href="ap020312.html">Atete Corona on Venus</a><br>
2002 March 11: <a href="ap020311.html">The 100 Meter Green Bank Radio Telescope</a><br>
2002 March 10: <a href="ap020310.html">A Southern Sky View</a><br>
2002 March 09: <a href="ap020309.html">A Quasar Portrait Gallery</a><br>
2002 March 08: <a href="ap020308.html">Columbia Dawn</a><br>
2002 March 07: <a href="ap020307.html">Comet Ikeya-Zhang Brightens</a><br>
2002 March 06: <a href="ap020306.html">Simulated Galaxy Cluster View</a><br>
2002 March 05: <a href="ap020305.html">Earth in True Colour</a><br>
2002 March 04: <a href="ap020304.html">The Shuttle Crawler Transporter</a><br>
2002 March 03: <a href="ap020303.html">The Regolith of Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2002 March 02: <a href="ap020302.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
2002 March 01: <a href="ap020301.html">Jupiter's Great X-Ray Spot</a><br>
2002 February 28: <a href="ap020228.html">ESO 184-G82: Supernova - Gamma Ray Burst Connection</a><br>
2002 February 27: <a href="ap020227.html">A Cloud Shadow Sunrise</a><br>
2002 February 26: <a href="ap020226.html">Jets from Radio Galaxy 3C296</a><br>
2002 February 25: <a href="ap020225.html">Crescent Europa</a><br>
2002 February 24: <a href="ap020224.html">Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System</a><br>
2002 February 23: <a href="ap020223.html">Shocked by Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2002 February 22: <a href="ap020222.html">Saturn at the Lunar Limb</a><br>
2002 February 21: <a href="ap020221.html">Comet Ikeya-Zhang</a><br>
2002 February 20: <a href="ap020220.html">Oddities of Star Cluster NGC 6397</a><br>
2002 February 19: <a href="ap020219.html">Water Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap</a><br>
2002 February 18: <a href="ap020218.html">A Radio Vista of Cygnus</a><br>
2002 February 17: <a href="ap020217.html">The Local Bubble and the Galactic Neighborhood</a><br>
2002 February 16: <a href="ap020216.html">Miranda, Chevron, and Alonso</a><br>
2002 February 15: <a href="ap020215.html">Saturn: Lord of the Rings</a><br>
2002 February 14: <a href="ap020214.html">Solar System Portrait</a><br>
2002 February 13: <a href="ap020213.html">The Great Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2002 February 12: <a href="ap020212.html">Methane Earth</a><br>
2002 February 11: <a href="ap020211.html">Reflection Nebula M78</a><br>
2002 February 10: <a href="ap020210.html">The Local Interstellar Cloud</a><br>
2002 February 09: <a href="ap020209.html">Moon Over Mongolia</a><br>
2002 February 08: <a href="ap020208.html">PKS 1127-145: Quasar View</a><br>
2002 February 07: <a href="ap020207.html">Coronal Hole</a><br>
2002 February 06: <a href="ap020206.html">The Cosmic Infrared Background</a><br>
2002 February 05: <a href="ap020205.html">Giant Storm Systems Battle on Jupiter</a><br>
2002 February 04: <a href="ap020204.html">Comet LINEAR WM1 Shines in the South</a><br>
2002 February 03: <a href="ap020203.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2002 February 02: <a href="ap020202.html">Centaurus A: The Galaxy Deep Inside</a><br>
2002 February 01: <a href="ap020201.html">Balloon TIGER</a><br>
2002 January 31: <a href="ap020131.html">EUVE Sky Map</a><br>
2002 January 30: <a href="ap020130.html">Moonrise Over Seattle</a><br>
2002 January 29: <a href="ap020129.html">The Southern Sky in Warm Hydrogen</a><br>
2002 January 28: <a href="ap020128.html">An Apollo 17 Panorama</a><br>
2002 January 27: <a href="ap020127.html">Earth Rise</a><br>
2002 January 26: <a href="ap020126.html">Shuttle Engine Blast</a><br>
2002 January 25: <a href="ap020125.html">The Spiral Arms of NGC 4622</a><br>
2002 January 24: <a href="ap020124.html">Ski Enceladus</a><br>
2002 January 23: <a href="ap020123.html">Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822</a><br>
2002 January 22: <a href="ap020122.html">Neutron Bounce Quantized in Earth Gravity </a><br>
2002 January 21: <a href="ap020121.html">Volcano and Aurora in Iceland</a><br>
2002 January 20: <a href="ap020120.html">Callisto Full Face</a><br>
2002 January 19: <a href="ap020119.html">Stars Without Galaxies</a><br>
2002 January 18: <a href="ap020118.html">Saturn and Vesta in Taurus</a><br>
2002 January 17: <a href="ap020117.html">Pick a Galaxy, Any Galaxy</a><br>
2002 January 16: <a href="ap020116.html">Abell 2597's Cosmic Cavities</a><br>
2002 January 15: <a href="ap020115.html">Red Auroral Corona</a><br>
2002 January 14: <a href="ap020114.html">Sun Halo at Winter Solstice</a><br>
2002 January 13: <a href="ap020113.html">Hypatia of Alexandria</a><br>
2002 January 12: <a href="ap020112.html">The Gamma Ray Sky</a><br>
2002 January 11: <a href="ap020111.html">Sunbather</a><br>
2002 January 10: <a href="ap020110.html">X-Ray Milky Way</a><br>
2002 January 09: <a href="ap020109.html">Blue Flash</a><br>
2002 January 08: <a href="ap020108.html">Thackeray's Globules</a><br>
2002 January 07: <a href="ap020107.html">The Mysterious Cone Nebula</a><br>
2002 January 06: <a href="ap020106.html">M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2002 January 05: <a href="ap020105.html">Apollo 17's Moonship</a><br>
2002 January 04: <a href="ap020104.html">M16: Infrared Star Hunt</a><br>
2002 January 03: <a href="ap020103.html">M16: Stars, Pillars and the Eagle's EGGs</a><br>
2002 January 02: <a href="ap020102.html">International Space Station Over Earth</a><br>
2002 January 01: <a href="ap020101.html">The Secret of the Black Aurora</a><br>
2001 December 31: <a href="ap011231.html">A Year of Dark Cosmology</a><br>
2001 December 30: <a href="ap011230.html">Trifid Pillars and Jets</a><br>
2001 December 29: <a href="ap011229.html">The Annotated Galactic Centre</a><br>
2001 December 28: <a href="ap011228.html">Starlight Reflections</a><br>
2001 December 27: <a href="ap011227.html">The Incredible Expanding Crab</a><br>
2001 December 26: <a href="ap011226.html">Himalayan Horizon From Space</a><br>
2001 December 25: <a href="ap011225.html">Star Forming Region Hubble V</a><br>
2001 December 24: <a href="ap011224.html">Asteroid 1998 WT24 Passes Near Earth</a><br>
2001 December 23: <a href="ap011223.html">Saturnian Aurora</a><br>
2001 December 22: <a href="ap011222.html">Hot Stars in the Southern Milky Way</a><br>
2001 December 21: <a href="ap011221.html">Partial Eclipse, Cloudy Day</a><br>
2001 December 20: <a href="ap011220.html">Jupiter and Saturn Pas de Deux</a><br>
2001 December 19: <a href="ap011219.html">Finding Dark Matter</a><br>
2001 December 18: <a href="ap011218.html">Sharpless 212 in Hydrogen and Sulfur</a><br>
2001 December 17: <a href="ap011217.html">Leaving the International Space Station</a><br>
2001 December 16: <a href="ap011216.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2001 December 15: <a href="ap011215.html">Ganymede: Torn Comet Crater Chain</a><br>
2001 December 14: <a href="ap011214.html">NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula</a><br>
2001 December 13: <a href="ap011213.html">The South Pole of Mars</a><br>
2001 December 12: <a href="ap011212.html">Leonids Over Korean Observatory</a><br>
2001 December 11: <a href="ap011211.html">Venusian Half Shell</a><br>
2001 December 10: <a href="ap011210.html">Globular Cluster M15</a><br>
2001 December 09: <a href="ap011209.html">The Belt of Venus</a><br>
2001 December 08: <a href="ap011208.html">Moon Struck</a><br>
2001 December 07: <a href="ap011207.html">Mediterranean Leonid 2001</a><br>
2001 December 06: <a href="ap011206.html">Comet Linear (WM1) Brightens</a><br>
2001 December 05: <a href="ap011205.html">A Sky Filled with Leonids</a><br>
2001 December 04: <a href="ap011204.html">AE Aurigae: The Flaming Star</a><br>
2001 December 03: <a href="ap011203.html">Dueling Auroras</a><br>
2001 December 02: <a href="ap011202.html">Rumors of a Strange Universe</a><br>
2001 December 01: <a href="ap011201.html">Neptune's Great Dark Spot: Gone But Not Forgotten</a><br>
2001 November 30: <a href="ap011130.html">Meteor Storm Sights and Sounds</a><br>
2001 November 29: <a href="ap011129.html">Coronal Inflow</a><br>
2001 November 28: <a href="ap011128.html">Extra Solar Planetary Atmosphere Detected</a><br>
2001 November 27: <a href="ap011127.html">Ancient Layered Rocks on Mars</a><br>
2001 November 26: <a href="ap011126.html">Leonids from the Road</a><br>
2001 November 25: <a href="ap011125.html">M16: Stars from Eagle's EGGs</a><br>
2001 November 24: <a href="ap011124.html">Mariner's Mercury</a><br>
2001 November 23: <a href="ap011123.html">Counting Falling Stardust</a><br>
2001 November 22: <a href="ap011122.html">Fireball, Smoke Trail, Meteor Storm</a><br>
2001 November 21: <a href="ap011121.html">The Galactic Ring of NGC 6782</a><br>
2001 November 20: <a href="ap011120.html">A Leonids Star Field</a><br>
2001 November 19: <a href="ap011119.html">A 2001 Leonids Meteor Shower Fireball</a><br>
2001 November 18: <a href="ap011118.html">A Leonid Meteor Explodes</a><br>
2001 November 17: <a href="ap011117.html">Catching Falling Stardust</a><br>
2001 November 16: <a href="ap011116.html">Leonid Watching</a><br>
2001 November 15: <a href="ap011115.html">Recycling Columbia</a><br>
2001 November 14: <a href="ap011114.html">Auroras Over Both Earth Poles</a><br>
2001 November 13: <a href="ap011113.html">A Gravity Map of Earth</a><br>
2001 November 12: <a href="ap011112.html">Is Mystery Object an Orphan Afterglow?</a><br>
2001 November 11: <a href="ap011111.html">An Annotated Leonid</a><br>
2001 November 10: <a href="ap011110.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
2001 November 09: <a href="ap011109.html">SOHO Comet 367: Sungrazer</a><br>
2001 November 08: <a href="ap011108.html">Under A Sunspot</a><br>
2001 November 07: <a href="ap011107.html">A Sun Pillar in Red and Violet</a><br>
2001 November 06: <a href="ap011106.html">In the Centre of Spiral Galaxy M83</a><br>
2001 November 05: <a href="ap011105.html">Aurora Over Winnipeg</a><br>
2001 November 04: <a href="ap011104.html">Leonids from Leo</a><br>
2001 November 03: <a href="ap011103.html">Bright Stars, Dim Galaxy</a><br>
2001 November 02: <a href="ap011102.html">THEMIS of Mars</a><br>
2001 November 01: <a href="ap011101.html">M87's Energetic Jet</a><br>
2001 October 31: <a href="ap011031.html">Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula</a><br>
2001 October 30: <a href="ap011030.html">Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado</a><br>
2001 October 29: <a href="ap011029.html">Spinning Black Holes and MCG-6-30-15</a><br>
2001 October 28: <a href="ap011028.html"> NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2001 October 27: <a href="ap011027.html">Sher 25: A Pending Supernova</a><br>
2001 October 26: <a href="ap011026.html">Elements in the Aftermath</a><br>
2001 October 25: <a href="ap011025.html">Odyssey at Mars</a><br>
2001 October 24: <a href="ap011024.html">The Matter of Galaxy Clusters</a><br>
2001 October 23: <a href="ap011023.html">Emission and Reflection in NGC 6559</a><br>
2001 October 22: <a href="ap011022.html">The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral</a><br>
2001 October 21: <a href="ap011021.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from VLT</a><br>
2001 October 20: <a href="ap011020.html">The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz</a><br>
2001 October 19: <a href="ap011019.html">X-Ray Stars and Winds in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2001 October 18: <a href="ap011018.html">Pluto: New Horizons</a><br>
2001 October 17: <a href="ap011017.html">Mars Engulfed</a><br>
2001 October 16: <a href="ap011016.html">A Newly Active Volcano On Jupiters Io</a><br>
2001 October 15: <a href="ap011015.html">The Earth and Moon Planetary System</a><br>
2001 October 14: <a href="ap011014.html">Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope</a><br>
2001 October 13: <a href="ap011013.html">A Portrait of Saturn from Titan</a><br>
2001 October 12: <a href="ap011012.html">Space Station and Space Shuttle: Backyard View</a><br>
2001 October 11: <a href="ap011011.html">VDB 142 in Cepheus</a><br>
2001 October 10: <a href="ap011010.html">The Centre of Globular Cluster Omega Centauri</a><br>
2001 October 09: <a href="ap011009.html">The Past of Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 October 08: <a href="ap011008.html">A Yukon Aurora</a><br>
2001 October 07: <a href="ap011007.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
2001 October 06: <a href="ap011006.html">Hen 1357: New Born Nebula</a><br>
2001 October 05: <a href="ap011005.html">A Flock of Stars</a><br>
2001 October 04: <a href="ap011004.html">M74: The Perfect Spiral</a><br>
2001 October 03: <a href="ap011003.html">The Planetary Nebula Show</a><br>
2001 October 02: <a href="ap011002.html">A Flying Astronaut Over Earth</a><br>
2001 October 01: <a href="ap011001.html">A Global Dust Storm on Mars</a><br>
2001 September 30: <a href="ap010930.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2001 September 29: <a href="ap010929.html">The Iron Sun</a><br>
2001 September 28: <a href="ap010928.html">NGC 6992: A Glimpse of the Veil</a><br>
2001 September 27: <a href="ap010927.html">Elements of Nearby Spiral M33</a><br>
2001 September 26: <a href="ap010926.html">Comet Borrelly's Nucleus</a><br>
2001 September 25: <a href="ap010925.html">The Highs and Lows of Earth</a><br>
2001 September 24: <a href="ap010924.html">A Solar Prominence Erupts</a><br>
2001 September 23: <a href="ap010923.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
2001 September 22: <a href="ap010922.html">Full Throttle For Deep Space 1</a><br>
2001 September 21: <a href="ap010921.html">Where a Black Hole Roams</a><br>
2001 September 20: <a href="ap010920.html">X-Ray Stars in M15</a><br>
2001 September 19: <a href="ap010919.html">SIRTF: Name This Satellite</a><br>
2001 September 18: <a href="ap010918.html">Surrounded by Mars</a><br>
2001 September 17: <a href="ap010917.html">Southwest Andromeda</a><br>
2001 September 16: <a href="ap010916.html">Venus Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2001 September 15: <a href="ap010915.html">Eclipsed Moon in Infrared</a><br>
2001 September 14: <a href="ap010914.html">Cold Dust in the Eagle Nebula</a><br>
2001 September 13: <a href="ap010913.html">X-Rays and the Circinus Pulsar</a><br>
2001 September 12: <a href="ap010912.html">Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn</a><br>
2001 September 11: <a href="ap010911.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3310 Across the Visible</a><br>
2001 September 10: <a href="ap010910.html">Galactic Centre Flicker Indicates Black Hole</a><br>
2001 September 09: <a href="ap010909.html">NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster</a><br>
2001 September 08: <a href="ap010908.html">Moon Occults Saturn</a><br>
2001 September 07: <a href="ap010907.html">Moon AND Sun</a><br>
2001 September 06: <a href="ap010906.html">Moon AND Stars</a><br>
2001 September 05: <a href="ap010905.html">3C175: Quasar Cannon</a><br>
2001 September 04: <a href="ap010904.html">2dF Sees Waves of Galaxies</a><br>
2001 September 03: <a href="ap010903.html">The Making of the Rotten Egg Nebula</a><br>
2001 September 02: <a href="ap010902.html">Deimos: A Small Martian Moon</a><br>
2001 September 01: <a href="ap010901.html">Magnetars In The Sky</a><br>
2001 August 31: <a href="ap010831.html">The Flight of Helios</a><br>
2001 August 30: <a href="ap010830.html">How Big Is 2001 KX76?</a><br>
2001 August 29: <a href="ap010829.html">AFGL 2591: A Massive Star Acts Up</a><br>
2001 August 28: <a href="ap010828.html">Jagged Hills on Jupiters Callisto</a><br>
2001 August 27: <a href="ap010827.html">Artificial Night Sky Brightness</a><br>
2001 August 26: <a href="ap010826.html">Uranus: The Tilted Planet</a><br>
2001 August 25: <a href="ap010825.html">Pioneer 10: The First 7 Billion Miles</a><br>
2001 August 24: <a href="ap010824.html">NEAR at Eros: Before Touchdown</a><br>
2001 August 23: <a href="ap010823.html">Distortion from a Distant Cluster</a><br>
2001 August 22: <a href="ap010822.html">The Bubbling Cauldron of NGC 3079</a><br>
2001 August 21: <a href="ap010821.html">Dark Spots on Neptune</a><br>
2001 August 20: <a href="ap010820.html">The Lagoon Nebula in Three Colours</a><br>
2001 August 19: <a href="ap010819.html">Mercury: A Cratered Inferno</a><br>
2001 August 18: <a href="ap010818.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
2001 August 17: <a href="ap010817.html">The 47 Ursae Majoris System</a><br>
2001 August 16: <a href="ap010816.html">Centaurus A: X Rays from an Active Galaxy</a><br>
2001 August 15: <a href="ap010815.html">Mars: 3-D Dunes</a><br>
2001 August 14: <a href="ap010814.html">X-Rays from the Galactic Plane</a><br>
2001 August 13: <a href="ap010813.html">A Piece of Interplanetary Dust</a><br>
2001 August 12: <a href="ap010812.html">Eagle EGGs in M16</a><br>
2001 August 11: <a href="ap010811.html">A Mystery in Gamma Rays</a><br>
2001 August 10: <a href="ap010810.html">Perseids of Summer</a><br>
2001 August 09: <a href="ap010809.html">Tycho and Copernicus: Lunar Ray Craters</a><br>
2001 August 08: <a href="ap010808.html">Farewell Jupiter</a><br>
2001 August 07: <a href="ap010807.html">A July Dawn</a><br>
2001 August 06: <a href="ap010806.html">The Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope</a><br>
2001 August 05: <a href="ap010805.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2001 August 04: <a href="ap010804.html">Neighboring Galaxy: The Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2001 August 03: <a href="ap010803.html">Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510 13</a><br>
2001 August 02: <a href="ap010802.html">Burning Tree Sprite</a><br>
2001 August 01: <a href="ap010801.html">Young Martian Terrain</a><br>
2001 July 31: <a href="ap010731.html">Oceans Under Jupiter's Callisto</a><br>
2001 July 30: <a href="ap010730.html">Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out</a><br>
2001 July 29: <a href="ap010729.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2001 July 28: <a href="ap010728.html">A Daytime Fireball in 1944</a><br>
2001 July 27: <a href="ap010727.html">Martian Dust Storm</a><br>
2001 July 26: <a href="ap010726.html">Madagascar Totality</a><br>
2001 July 25: <a href="ap010725.html">Hot Gas Halo Detected Around Galaxy NGC 4631</a><br>
2001 July 24: <a href="ap010724.html">The Red Spider Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2001 July 23: <a href="ap010723.html">Atlantis to Orbit</a><br>
2001 July 22: <a href="ap010722.html">NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion</a><br>
2001 July 21: <a href="ap010721.html">25 Years Ago: Vikings on Mars</a><br>
2001 July 20: <a href="ap010720.html">The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396</a><br>
2001 July 19: <a href="ap010719.html">Pulsar Wind in the Vela Nebula</a><br>
2001 July 18: <a href="ap010718.html">Mars from Earth</a><br>
2001 July 17: <a href="ap010717.html">The Carina Nebula in Three Colours</a><br>
2001 July 16: <a href="ap010716.html">Water Found Around Nearby Star CW Leonis</a><br>
2001 July 15: <a href="ap010715.html">Io in True Colour</a><br>
2001 July 14: <a href="ap010714.html">Solar System Web Cam</a><br>
2001 July 13: <a href="ap010713.html">Welcome to the Moon Hotel</a><br>
2001 July 12: <a href="ap010712.html">NGC 1850: Not Found in the Milky Way</a><br>
2001 July 11: <a href="ap010711.html">A Total Eclipse Over Africa</a><br>
2001 July 10: <a href="ap010710.html">Sudbury Indicates Nonstandard Particle Model</a><br>
2001 July 09: <a href="ap010709.html">Air Pollution Earth</a><br>
2001 July 08: <a href="ap010708.html">The Galactic Centre in Infrared</a><br>
2001 July 07: <a href="ap010707.html">A Close Encounter Of The Stellar Kind</a><br>
2001 July 06: <a href="ap010706.html">Bakasa Eclipse Sequence</a><br>
2001 July 05: <a href="ap010705.html">C/2001 A2 (LINEAR): Comet !</a><br>
2001 July 04: <a href="ap010704.html">Moonbow with Sailboats</a><br>
2001 July 03: <a href="ap010703.html">Unusual Flashes Toward Globular Cluster M22</a><br>
2001 July 02: <a href="ap010702.html">The Seasons of Saturn</a><br>
2001 July 01: <a href="ap010701.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 7742</a><br>
2001 June 30: <a href="ap010630.html">Hydrogen, Helium, and the Stars of M10</a><br>
2001 June 29: <a href="ap010629.html">Ice Volcanoes on Mars</a><br>
2001 June 28: <a href="ap010628.html">The Topography of Mars</a><br>
2001 June 27: <a href="ap010627.html">Moonlight, Mars and Milky Way</a><br>
2001 June 26: <a href="ap010626.html">All of Mars</a><br>
2001 June 25: <a href="ap010625.html">A Brighter Comet LINEAR</a><br>
2001 June 24: <a href="ap010624.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
2001 June 23: <a href="ap010623.html">The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
2001 June 22: <a href="ap010622.html">Eclipse in African Skies</a><br>
2001 June 21: <a href="ap010621.html">Diamond Ring in the Sun</a><br>
2001 June 20: <a href="ap010620.html">Total Eclipse of the Active Sun</a><br>
2001 June 19: <a href="ap010619.html">Crescent Neptune and Triton</a><br>
2001 June 18: <a href="ap010618.html">NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars</a><br>
2001 June 17: <a href="ap010617.html">Colourful Clouds Of Carina</a><br>
2001 June 16: <a href="ap010616.html">APOD is Six Years Old Today</a><br>
2001 June 15: <a href="ap010615.html">Messiers and Mars</a><br>
2001 June 14: <a href="ap010614.html">Around The Arches Cluster</a><br>
2001 June 13: <a href="ap010613.html">M94: Beyond the Blue</a><br>
2001 June 12: <a href="ap010612.html">The Cartwheel Galaxy</a><br>
2001 June 11: <a href="ap010611.html">Globular Cluster M2</a><br>
2001 June 10: <a href="ap010610.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images</a><br>
2001 June 09: <a href="ap010609.html">Apollo 17's Lunar Rover</a><br>
2001 June 08: <a href="ap010608.html">Three Galaxies in Draco</a><br>
2001 June 07: <a href="ap010607.html">NGC 253: X-Ray Zoom</a><br>
2001 June 06: <a href="ap010606.html">NGC 1512: A Panchromatic View</a><br>
2001 June 05: <a href="ap010605.html">Asteroid Eros Reconstructed</a><br>
2001 June 04: <a href="ap010604.html">The T Tauri Star Forming System</a><br>
2001 June 03: <a href="ap010603.html">A GRB 000301C Symphony</a><br>
2001 June 02: <a href="ap010602.html">The Pulsar Powered Crab</a><br>
2001 June 01: <a href="ap010601.html">Venus' Evening Loop</a><br>
2001 May 31: <a href="ap010531.html">LINEAR's Tail and Two Nuclei</a><br>
2001 May 30: <a href="ap010530.html">Stellar Spectral Types: OBAFGKM</a><br>
2001 May 29: <a href="ap010529.html">Working in Space</a><br>
2001 May 28: <a href="ap010528.html">Close up of the Face on Mars</a><br>
2001 May 27: <a href="ap010527.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
2001 May 26: <a href="ap010526.html">NGC 6826: The Blinking Eye</a><br>
2001 May 25: <a href="ap010525.html">Saturn The Giant</a><br>
2001 May 24: <a href="ap010524.html">X-Ray Stars of 47 Tucanae</a><br>
2001 May 23: <a href="ap010523.html">Strange Orange Soil on the Moon</a><br>
2001 May 22: <a href="ap010522.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
2001 May 21: <a href="ap010521.html">Another Comet LINEAR Breaks Up</a><br>
2001 May 20: <a href="ap010520.html">Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br>
2001 May 19: <a href="ap010519.html">Damage to Apollo 13</a><br>
2001 May 18: <a href="ap010518.html">HD 82943: Planet Swallower</a><br>
2001 May 17: <a href="ap010517.html">Solar Neutrino Astronomy</a><br>
2001 May 16: <a href="ap010516.html">The Centre of the Circinus Galaxy in X-Rays</a><br>
2001 May 15: <a href="ap010515.html">A Radar Image of Venus</a><br>
2001 May 14: <a href="ap010514.html">A Cerro Tololo Sky</a><br>
2001 May 13: <a href="ap010513.html">Crater Copernicus</a><br>
2001 May 12: <a href="ap010512.html">Shuttle Moon</a><br>
2001 May 11: <a href="ap010511.html">X-Ray Rainbows</a><br>
2001 May 10: <a href="ap010510.html">Spirals On Edge</a><br>
2001 May 09: <a href="ap010509.html">Space Station Shows Off New Robot Arm</a><br>
2001 May 08: <a href="ap010508.html">GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole</a><br>
2001 May 07: <a href="ap010507.html">One Hundred Kilometer Terrain on Venus</a><br>
2001 May 06: <a href="ap010506.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2001 May 05: <a href="ap010505.html">Shepard Flies Freedom 7</a><br>
2001 May 04: <a href="ap010504.html">Protoplanetary Survivors in Orion</a><br>
2001 May 03: <a href="ap010503.html">Far Side of the Sun</a><br>
2001 May 02: <a href="ap010502.html">Planet Building in HD 100546</a><br>
2001 May 01: <a href="ap010501.html">Antarctica Hears Little Normal Matter in the Big Bang</a><br>
2001 April 30: <a href="ap010430.html">Approaching the International Space Station</a><br>
2001 April 29: <a href="ap010429.html">Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos</a><br>
2001 April 28: <a href="ap010428.html">The Moon and All the Crashes</a><br>
2001 April 27: <a href="ap010427.html">Visitors' Galaxy Gallery</a><br>
2001 April 26: <a href="ap010426.html">Horsehead Rides Again</a><br>
2001 April 25: <a href="ap010425.html">Space Laser Creates Artificial Star</a><br>
2001 April 24: <a href="ap010424.html">NGC 2264: Stars, Dust, and Gas</a><br>
2001 April 23: <a href="ap010423.html">Space Shuttle Lifts Off for Space Station</a><br>
2001 April 22: <a href="ap010422.html">Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae</a><br>
2001 April 21: <a href="ap010421.html">Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater</a><br>
2001 April 20: <a href="ap010420.html">Io: Moon Over Jupiter</a><br>
2001 April 19: <a href="ap010419.html">Sunspot Stack</a><br>
2001 April 18: <a href="ap010418.html">A Higher Dimensional Universe</a><br>
2001 April 17: <a href="ap010417.html">Colourful Water Clouds Over Mars</a><br>
2001 April 16: <a href="ap010416.html">The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2001 April 15: <a href="ap010415.html">Diffraction Spikes: When Stars Look Like Crosses</a><br>
2001 April 14: <a href="ap010414.html">Man Enters Space</a><br>
2001 April 13: <a href="ap010413.html">GRB010222: Gamma Ray Burst, X Ray Afterglow</a><br>
2001 April 12: <a href="ap010412.html">STS-1: First Shuttle Launch</a><br>
2001 April 11: <a href="ap010411.html">Large Sunspot Group AR 9393</a><br>
2001 April 10: <a href="ap010410.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars</a><br>
2001 April 09: <a href="ap010409.html">Mars Odyssey Lifts Off for Mars</a><br>
2001 April 08: <a href="ap010408.html">The Big Corona</a><br>
2001 April 07: <a href="ap010407.html">Stereo Sun</a><br>
2001 April 06: <a href="ap010406.html">Aurora Over New Zealand</a><br>
2001 April 05: <a href="ap010405.html">On the Origin of Gold</a><br>
2001 April 04: <a href="ap010404.html">Distant Supernova, Dark Energy</a><br>
2001 April 03: <a href="ap010403.html">New Stars Destroying NGC 1748</a><br>
2001 April 02: <a href="ap010402.html">Aurora Over Clouds</a><br>
2001 April 01: <a href="ap010401.html">Americans Defeat Russians in First Space Quidditch Match</a><br>
2001 March 31: <a href="ap010331.html">Barsoom</a><br>
2001 March 30: <a href="ap010330.html">Equinox + 1</a><br>
2001 March 29: <a href="ap010329.html">Aurora Alaskan Style</a><br>
2001 March 28: <a href="ap010328.html">Chandra Deep Field</a><br>
2001 March 27: <a href="ap010327.html">Swiss Cheese Like Landscape on Mars</a><br>
2001 March 26: <a href="ap010326.html">Comet Hale Bopp in the Outer Solar System</a><br>
2001 March 25: <a href="ap010325.html">The Crab Nebula from VLT</a><br>
2001 March 24: <a href="ap010324.html">The UV SMC from UIT</a><br>
2001 March 23: <a href="ap010323.html">Mir Flares Farewell</a><br>
2001 March 22: <a href="ap010322.html">Jupiter, Saturn and Messier 45</a><br>
2001 March 21: <a href="ap010321.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903</a><br>
2001 March 20: <a href="ap010320.html">Discovery Spring</a><br>
2001 March 19: <a href="ap010319.html">Pluto in True Colour</a><br>
2001 March 18: <a href="ap010318.html">The Nearest Stars</a><br>
2001 March 17: <a href="ap010317.html">Astro-2 In Orbit</a><br>
2001 March 16: <a href="ap010316.html">Rockets and Robert Goddard</a><br>
2001 March 15: <a href="ap010315.html">Islands in the Photosphere</a><br>
2001 March 14: <a href="ap010314.html">Comet McNaught-Hartley</a><br>
2001 March 13: <a href="ap010313.html">A Sun Pillar</a><br>
2001 March 12: <a href="ap010312.html">M82 After the Crash</a><br>
2001 March 11: <a href="ap010311.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
2001 March 10: <a href="ap010310.html">Apollo / Suveyor Stereo View</a><br>
2001 March 09: <a href="ap010309.html">X-rays From HCG 62</a><br>
2001 March 08: <a href="ap010308.html">Bright Venus</a><br>
2001 March 07: <a href="ap010307.html">Saturn At Night</a><br>
2001 March 06: <a href="ap010306.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
2001 March 05: <a href="ap010305.html">Survivor: NEAR Shoemaker On Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 March 04: <a href="ap010304.html">TT Cygni: Carbon Star</a><br>
2001 March 03: <a href="ap010303.html">Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3</a><br>
2001 March 02: <a href="ap010302.html">LkHa101: The Hole in the Doughnut</a><br>
2001 March 01: <a href="ap010301.html">Maximum Sun</a><br>
2001 February 28: <a href="ap010228.html">A Space Station Meets its Destiny</a><br>
2001 February 27: <a href="ap010227.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
2001 February 26: <a href="ap010226.html">Sand Dunes on Mars</a><br>
2001 February 25: <a href="ap010225.html">The Sudbury Neutrino Detector</a><br>
2001 February 24: <a href="ap010224.html">Infrared Horsehead</a><br>
2001 February 23: <a href="ap010223.html">M55 Colour Magnitude Diagram</a><br>
2001 February 22: <a href="ap010222.html">3C294: Distant X-Ray Galaxy Cluster</a><br>
2001 February 21: <a href="ap010221.html">A Sonic Boom</a><br>
2001 February 20: <a href="ap010220.html">Star Forming Region S106</a><br>
2001 February 19: <a href="ap010219.html">Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to Moon</a><br>
2001 February 18: <a href="ap010218.html">Lunation</a><br>
2001 February 17: <a href="ap010217.html">Happy Birthday Jules Verne</a><br>
2001 February 16: <a href="ap010216.html">Star Forming Region Hubble-X</a><br>
2001 February 15: <a href="ap010215.html">Jupiter Unpeeled</a><br>
2001 February 14: <a href="ap010214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2001 February 13: <a href="ap010213.html">NEAR Spacecraft Survives Landing on Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 February 12: <a href="ap010212.html">Approaching Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 February 11: <a href="ap010211.html">NEAR Shoemaker Views Eros</a><br>
2001 February 10: <a href="ap010210.html">Aurora Astern</a><br>
2001 February 09: <a href="ap010209.html">Nashville Four Planet Skyline</a><br>
2001 February 08: <a href="ap010208.html">Distant Galaxies in Radio Vision</a><br>
2001 February 07: <a href="ap010207.html">Distant Open Cluster M103</a><br>
2001 February 06: <a href="ap010206.html">Touchdown Site on Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 February 05: <a href="ap010205.html">Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula</a><br>
2001 February 04: <a href="ap010204.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
2001 February 03: <a href="ap010203.html">M100: A Grand Design</a><br>
2001 February 02: <a href="ap010202.html">All-Sky Panorama</a><br>
2001 February 01: <a href="ap010201.html">Jupiter's Brain</a><br>
2001 January 31: <a href="ap010131.html">Earth's Plasmasphere</a><br>
2001 January 30: <a href="ap010130.html">The Orion Nebula from VLT</a><br>
2001 January 29: <a href="ap010129.html">An Airplane in Front of the Sun</a><br>
2001 January 28: <a href="ap010128.html">CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
2001 January 27: <a href="ap010127.html">The Moons Of Earth</a><br>
2001 January 26: <a href="ap010126.html">Galaxies Of The Virgo Cluster</a><br>
2001 January 25: <a href="ap010125.html">Sail On, Stardust</a><br>
2001 January 24: <a href="ap010124.html">NGC 3603: X-Rays From A Starburst Cluster</a><br>
2001 January 23: <a href="ap010123.html">Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39</a><br>
2001 January 22: <a href="ap010122.html">A Two Toned Crater on Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2001 January 21: <a href="ap010121.html">Resolving Mira</a><br>
2001 January 20: <a href="ap010120.html">Helios Helium</a><br>
2001 January 19: <a href="ap010119.html">Black Holes Are Black</a><br>
2001 January 18: <a href="ap010118.html">2001: A Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2001 January 17: <a href="ap010117.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3310 in Ultraviolet</a><br>
2001 January 16: <a href="ap010116.html">Europa Rotating</a><br>
2001 January 15: <a href="ap010115.html">Billows of Smog in the Outer Galaxy</a><br>
2001 January 14: <a href="ap010114.html">Kepler Discovers How Planets Move</a><br>
2001 January 13: <a href="ap010113.html">A Sky Full Of Hydrogen</a><br>
2001 January 12: <a href="ap010112.html">NGC 1410/1409: Intergalactic Pipeline</a><br>
2001 January 11: <a href="ap010111.html">X-rays From The Cat's Eye</a><br>
2001 January 10: <a href="ap010110.html">Watch the Sky Rotate</a><br>
2001 January 09: <a href="ap010109.html">A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars</a><br>
2001 January 08: <a href="ap010108.html">Help NASA Classify Martian Craters</a><br>
2001 January 07: <a href="ap010107.html">Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky</a><br>
2001 January 06: <a href="ap010106.html">Apollo 17's Moonship</a><br>
2001 January 05: <a href="ap010105.html">Second Millennium, Last Eclipse</a><br>
2001 January 04: <a href="ap010104.html">Third Millennium, First Eclipse</a><br>
2001 January 03: <a href="ap010103.html">M8: In the Centre of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
2001 January 02: <a href="ap010102.html">Jupiter, Europa, and Callisto</a><br>
2001 January 01: <a href="ap010101.html">The Millennium that Defines Universe</a><br>
2000 December 31: <a href="ap001231.html">The Millennium that Defined Earth</a><br>
2000 December 30: <a href="ap001230.html">A Year of Resolving Backgrounds</a><br>
2000 December 29: <a href="ap001229.html">The Dark Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2000 December 28: <a href="ap001228.html">Moon Mare and Montes</a><br>
2000 December 27: <a href="ap001227.html">The Dust and Ion Tails of Comet Hale Bopp</a><br>
2000 December 26: <a href="ap001226.html">Jupiter, Io, and Shadow</a><br>
2000 December 25: <a href="ap001225.html">The Eclipse Tree</a><br>
2000 December 24: <a href="ap001224.html">NGC 1850: Gas Clouds and Star Clusters</a><br>
2000 December 23: <a href="ap001223.html">Summer at the South Pole</a><br>
2000 December 22: <a href="ap001222.html">Simulated Supergiant Star</a><br>
2000 December 21: <a href="ap001221.html">Solstice And Season's Eclipse</a><br>
2000 December 20: <a href="ap001220.html">Sgr A: Fast Stars Near the Galactic Centre</a><br>
2000 December 19: <a href="ap001219.html">A Close Up of Aurora on Jupiter</a><br>
2000 December 18: <a href="ap001218.html">Oceans Under Jupiter's Ganymede</a><br>
2000 December 17: <a href="ap001217.html">M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
2000 December 16: <a href="ap001216.html">Degas Ray Crater on Mercury</a><br>
2000 December 15: <a href="ap001215.html">IC443's Neutron Star</a><br>
2000 December 14: <a href="ap001214.html">International Space Station Trail</a><br>
2000 December 13: <a href="ap001213.html">Manicouagan Impact Crater on Earth</a><br>
2000 December 12: <a href="ap001212.html">Jupiter Eyes Ganymede</a><br>
2000 December 11: <a href="ap001211.html">Composing the Omega Nebula</a><br>
2000 December 10: <a href="ap001210.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
2000 December 09: <a href="ap001209.html">Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation</a><br>
2000 December 08: <a href="ap001208.html">Abell 1795: A Galaxy Cluster's Cooling Flow</a><br>
2000 December 07: <a href="ap001207.html">Earth's San Andreas Fault</a><br>
2000 December 06: <a href="ap001206.html">Reflecting Merope</a><br>
2000 December 05: <a href="ap001205.html">Layered Mars: An Ancient Water World?</a><br>
2000 December 04: <a href="ap001204.html">The Circinus Galaxy</a><br>
2000 December 03: <a href="ap001203.html">Earth's North Magnetic Pole</a><br>
2000 December 02: <a href="ap001202.html">SN 1006: Pieces of the Cosmic Ray Puzzle</a><br>
2000 December 01: <a href="ap001201.html">A Frosty Crater On Mars</a><br>
2000 November 30: <a href="ap001130.html">Palomar 13's Last Stand</a><br>
2000 November 29: <a href="ap001129.html">Leonids from Orbit</a><br>
2000 November 28: <a href="ap001128.html">BZ Cam Bow Shock</a><br>
2000 November 27: <a href="ap001127.html">Earth at Night</a><br>
2000 November 26: <a href="ap001126.html">Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita</a><br>
2000 November 25: <a href="ap001125.html">A High Energy Fleet</a><br>
2000 November 24: <a href="ap001124.html">Long Leonid</a><br>
2000 November 23: <a href="ap001123.html">Cassini At Jupiter: Red Spot Movie</a><br>
2000 November 22: <a href="ap001122.html">The Orion Nebula in Hydrogen</a><br>
2000 November 21: <a href="ap001121.html">Fire on Earth</a><br>
2000 November 20: <a href="ap001120.html">A 2000 Leonid Through Orion</a><br>
2000 November 19: <a href="ap001119.html">Our Dusty Universe</a><br>
2000 November 18: <a href="ap001118.html">Jupiter And Family</a><br>
2000 November 17: <a href="ap001117.html">Leonid Sunrise</a><br>
2000 November 16: <a href="ap001116.html">A Daytime Fireball in 1944</a><br>
2000 November 15: <a href="ap001115.html">Coronal Rain, Solar Storm</a><br>
2000 November 14: <a href="ap001114.html">The Yardangs Of Mars</a><br>
2000 November 13: <a href="ap001113.html">Disorder in Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
2000 November 12: <a href="ap001112.html">The Lyman Alpha Forest</a><br>
2000 November 11: <a href="ap001111.html">The First Lunar Observatory</a><br>
2000 November 10: <a href="ap001110.html">X-Ray Cygnus A</a><br>
2000 November 09: <a href="ap001109.html">The Cosmic X-Ray Background</a><br>
2000 November 08: <a href="ap001108.html">October Skylights</a><br>
2000 November 07: <a href="ap001107.html">The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant</a><br>
2000 November 06: <a href="ap001106.html">Heaven on Earth</a><br>
2000 November 05: <a href="ap001105.html">Jupiter Swallows Comet Shoemaker Levy 9</a><br>
2000 November 04: <a href="ap001104.html">Apollo 12: Self-Portrait</a><br>
2000 November 03: <a href="ap001103.html">New Moons For Saturn</a><br>
2000 November 02: <a href="ap001102.html">A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745</a><br>
2000 November 01: <a href="ap001101.html">Double Asteroid 90 Antiope</a><br>
2000 October 31: <a href="ap001031.html">The Perseus Cluster's X-Ray Skull</a><br>
2000 October 30: <a href="ap001030.html">A Step Toward Gravitational Wave Detection</a><br>
2000 October 29: <a href="ap001029.html">Microwave Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known</a><br>
2000 October 28: <a href="ap001028.html">Moonset, Planet Earth</a><br>
2000 October 27: <a href="ap001027.html">Close To Eros</a><br>
2000 October 26: <a href="ap001026.html">The Map Of Eros</a><br>
2000 October 25: <a href="ap001025.html">The Nebula And The Neutron Star</a><br>
2000 October 24: <a href="ap001024.html">Io Rotating</a><br>
2000 October 23: <a href="ap001023.html">Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 205 in the Local Group</a><br>
2000 October 22: <a href="ap001022.html">Wild Duck Open Cluster M11</a><br>
2000 October 21: <a href="ap001021.html">The Averted Side Of The Moon</a><br>
2000 October 20: <a href="ap001020.html">North Pole Below</a><br>
2000 October 19: <a href="ap001019.html">The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured</a><br>
2000 October 18: <a href="ap001018.html">The Space Shuttle Docking Ring</a><br>
2000 October 17: <a href="ap001017.html">Gemini North Images Bow Shock Near Galactic Centre</a><br>
2000 October 16: <a href="ap001016.html">Dust and Gas Surrounding Star R Coronae Australis</a><br>
2000 October 15: <a href="ap001015.html">Globular Cluster Omega Centauri</a><br>
2000 October 14: <a href="ap001014.html">The Ecliptic Plane</a><br>
2000 October 13: <a href="ap001013.html">Eclipse Moon Trail</a><br>
2000 October 12: <a href="ap001012.html">HETE-2 Rides Pegasus</a><br>
2000 October 11: <a href="ap001011.html">Cassini Spacecraft Approaches Jupiter</a><br>
2000 October 10: <a href="ap001010.html">The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens</a><br>
2000 October 09: <a href="ap001009.html">A Polar Martian Dust Storm</a><br>
2000 October 08: <a href="ap001008.html">Earth's Richat Structure</a><br>
2000 October 07: <a href="ap001007.html">Sputnik: Traveling Companion</a><br>
2000 October 06: <a href="ap001006.html">X-Rays From Sirius B</a><br>
2000 October 05: <a href="ap001005.html">N81: Star Cradle in the SMC</a><br>
2000 October 04: <a href="ap001004.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300</a><br>
2000 October 03: <a href="ap001003.html">Saturn Rotates</a><br>
2000 October 02: <a href="ap001002.html">Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years</a><br>
2000 October 01: <a href="ap001001.html">The Centre of Centaurus A</a><br>
2000 September 30: <a href="ap000930.html">Titania's Trenches</a><br>
2000 September 29: <a href="ap000929.html">September Sky</a><br>
2000 September 28: <a href="ap000928.html">Heating Coronal Loops</a><br>
2000 September 27: <a href="ap000927.html">Yepun</a><br>
2000 September 26: <a href="ap000926.html">Approaching Jupiter</a><br>
2000 September 25: <a href="ap000925.html">AR 9169: A Large Sunspot</a><br>
2000 September 24: <a href="ap000924.html">M16: Stars from Eagle's Eggs</a><br>
2000 September 23: <a href="ap000923.html">The Equal Night</a><br>
2000 September 22: <a href="ap000922.html">M55: Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2000 September 21: <a href="ap000921.html">XZ Tauri System Ejects Gas Bubble</a><br>
2000 September 20: <a href="ap000920.html">Gangly Spiral Galaxy NGC 3184</a><br>
2000 September 19: <a href="ap000919.html">M17: Omega Nebula Star Factory</a><br>
2000 September 18: <a href="ap000918.html">Approaching the International Space Station</a><br>
2000 September 17: <a href="ap000917.html">Saturnian Aurora</a><br>
2000 September 16: <a href="ap000916.html">X-Ray Earth</a><br>
2000 September 15: <a href="ap000915.html">Aurora In West Texas Skies</a><br>
2000 September 14: <a href="ap000914.html">M82's Middle Mass Black Hole</a><br>
2000 September 13: <a href="ap000913.html">Comet LINEAR: Fade To Black</a><br>
2000 September 12: <a href="ap000912.html">Slightly Above Mars Pathfinder</a><br>
2000 September 11: <a href="ap000911.html">Antarctic Ozone Hole Widens</a><br>
2000 September 10: <a href="ap000910.html">White Dwarf Stars Cool</a><br>
2000 September 09: <a href="ap000909.html">X-Ray Moon and X-Ray Star</a><br>
2000 September 08: <a href="ap000908.html">Andromeda Island Universe</a><br>
2000 September 07: <a href="ap000907.html">IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula</a><br>
2000 September 06: <a href="ap000906.html">Emerging Planetary Nebula CRL 618</a><br>
2000 September 05: <a href="ap000905.html">CFHT Star Trails</a><br>
2000 September 04: <a href="ap000904.html">Aurora Persei</a><br>
2000 September 03: <a href="ap000903.html">Henrietta Leavitt Calibrates the Stars</a><br>
2000 September 02: <a href="ap000902.html">X-Ray Moon</a><br>
2000 September 01: <a href="ap000901.html">SOHO Sungrazer</a><br>
2000 August 31: <a href="ap000831.html">Full Throttle For Deep Space 1</a><br>
2000 August 30: <a href="ap000830.html">The Brown Dwarfs of Orion's Trapezium</a><br>
2000 August 29: <a href="ap000829.html">The Regolith of Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2000 August 28: <a href="ap000828.html">The Helix Nebula from CFHT</a><br>
2000 August 27: <a href="ap000827.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
2000 August 26: <a href="ap000826.html">Mir Dreams</a><br>
2000 August 25: <a href="ap000825.html">Folding Europa</a><br>
2000 August 24: <a href="ap000824.html">Eros At Sunset</a><br>
2000 August 23: <a href="ap000823.html">NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula</a><br>
2000 August 22: <a href="ap000822.html">NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
2000 August 21: <a href="ap000821.html">A Perseid Aurora</a><br>
2000 August 20: <a href="ap000820.html">The Surface of Titan</a><br>
2000 August 19: <a href="ap000819.html">ROSAT Explores The X-Ray Sky</a><br>
2000 August 18: <a href="ap000818.html">X-Rays From Antennae Galaxies</a><br>
2000 August 17: <a href="ap000817.html">Mount Megantic Magnetic Storm</a><br>
2000 August 16: <a href="ap000816.html">Unusual Giant Galaxy NGC 1316</a><br>
2000 August 15: <a href="ap000815.html">The Solar Spectrum</a><br>
2000 August 14: <a href="ap000814.html">Kemble's Cascade</a><br>
2000 August 13: <a href="ap000813.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
2000 August 12: <a href="ap000812.html">A Perseid Meteor</a><br>
2000 August 11: <a href="ap000811.html">Fragments of Comet LINEAR</a><br>
2000 August 10: <a href="ap000810.html">Other Worlds and HD 38529</a><br>
2000 August 09: <a href="ap000809.html">A Solar Filament Lifts Off</a><br>
2000 August 08: <a href="ap000808.html">Comet LINEAR Disperses</a><br>
2000 August 07: <a href="ap000807.html">Nearby Star Epsilon Eridani Has a Planet</a><br>
2000 August 06: <a href="ap000806.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2000 August 05: <a href="ap000805.html">Halley's Nucleus: An Orbiting Iceberg</a><br>
2000 August 04: <a href="ap000804.html">M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster</a><br>
2000 August 03: <a href="ap000803.html">22 Miles From Eros</a><br>
2000 August 02: <a href="ap000802.html">At the Edge of the Crescent Nebula</a><br>
2000 August 01: <a href="ap000801.html">X-Rays from Comet LINEAR</a><br>
2000 July 31: <a href="ap000731.html">Comet LINEAR Breaks Up</a><br>
2000 July 30: <a href="ap000730.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
2000 July 29: <a href="ap000729.html">NGC1850: Star Cluster in the LMC</a><br>
2000 July 28: <a href="ap000728.html">Moon And Venus Share The Sky</a><br>
2000 July 27: <a href="ap000727.html">Tails Of Comet LINEAR</a><br>
2000 July 26: <a href="ap000726.html">Lingering Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
2000 July 25: <a href="ap000725.html">Why Stars Twinkle</a><br>
2000 July 24: <a href="ap000724.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
2000 July 23: <a href="ap000723.html">Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System</a><br>
2000 July 22: <a href="ap000722.html">GLAST Gamma Ray Sky Simulation</a><br>
2000 July 21: <a href="ap000721.html">Eros Craters And Boulders</a><br>
2000 July 20: <a href="ap000720.html">AR9077: Solar Magnetic Arcade</a><br>
2000 July 19: <a href="ap000719.html">Globular Cluster M19</a><br>
2000 July 18: <a href="ap000718.html">A Russian Proton Rocket Launches Zvezda</a><br>
2000 July 17: <a href="ap000717.html">Lightning on Earth</a><br>
2000 July 16: <a href="ap000716.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
2000 July 15: <a href="ap000715.html">Star Trails in Southern Skies</a><br>
2000 July 14: <a href="ap000714.html">Crater On Ice</a><br>
2000 July 13: <a href="ap000713.html">LP 944-20: A Failed Star Flares</a><br>
2000 July 12: <a href="ap000712.html">A Giant Starspot on HD 12545</a><br>
2000 July 11: <a href="ap000711.html">The Crab Nebula in Blue and White</a><br>
2000 July 10: <a href="ap000710.html">Comet LINEAR Extends</a><br>
2000 July 09: <a href="ap000709.html">The Hubble Deep Field</a><br>
2000 July 08: <a href="ap000708.html">The United States At Night</a><br>
2000 July 07: <a href="ap000707.html">Sirius, Sun, Moon, and Southern Cross</a><br>
2000 July 06: <a href="ap000706.html">A Jet from Galaxy M87</a><br>
2000 July 05: <a href="ap000705.html">The Galactic Centre Across the Infrared</a><br>
2000 July 04: <a href="ap000704.html">Comet LINEAR Approaches</a><br>
2000 July 03: <a href="ap000703.html">Pelican Nebula Ionization Front</a><br>
2000 July 02: <a href="ap000702.html">Gamma Ray Burst: A Milestone Explosion</a><br>
2000 July 01: <a href="ap000701.html">Ultraviolet Earth from the Moon</a><br>
2000 June 30: <a href="ap000630.html">Vintage Gamma Rays</a><br>
2000 June 29: <a href="ap000629.html">Galactic Centre Starscape</a><br>
2000 June 28: <a href="ap000628.html">BATSE GRB Final Sky Map</a><br>
2000 June 27: <a href="ap000627.html">M63: The Sunflower Galaxy</a><br>
2000 June 26: <a href="ap000626.html">Newton Crater: Evidence for Recent Water on Mars</a><br>
2000 June 25: <a href="ap000625.html">Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula</a><br>
2000 June 24: <a href="ap000624.html">Sunlight Through Saturn's Rings</a><br>
2000 June 23: <a href="ap000623.html">The Gullies Of Mars</a><br>
2000 June 22: <a href="ap000622.html">Blue Stragglers In NGC 6397</a><br>
2000 June 21: <a href="ap000621.html">Solstice Celebration</a><br>
2000 June 20: <a href="ap000620.html">Ganymede: The Largest Moon in the Solar System</a><br>
2000 June 19: <a href="ap000619.html">The Long Jet of Pictor A</a><br>
2000 June 18: <a href="ap000618.html">The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross</a><br>
2000 June 17: <a href="ap000617.html">The Last Moon Shot</a><br>
2000 June 16: <a href="ap000616.html">APOD is Five Years Old Today</a><br>
2000 June 15: <a href="ap000615.html">X-Rays From The Perseus Cluster Core</a><br>
2000 June 14: <a href="ap000614.html">A Slice of the Universe with 2dF</a><br>
2000 June 13: <a href="ap000613.html">The Keyhole Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
2000 June 12: <a href="ap000612.html">A Bubbling Galaxy Centre</a><br>
2000 June 11: <a href="ap000611.html">Sirius: The Brightest Star in the Night</a><br>
2000 June 10: <a href="ap000610.html">M101: An Ultraviolet View</a><br>
2000 June 09: <a href="ap000609.html">Vela Pulsar: Neutron Star-Ring-Jet</a><br>
2000 June 08: <a href="ap000608.html">Active Regions, CMEs, and X-Class Flares</a><br>
2000 June 07: <a href="ap000607.html">Up Close to Jupiter's Moon Io</a><br>
2000 June 06: <a href="ap000606.html">A Continuous Eruption on Jupiter's Moon Io</a><br>
2000 June 05: <a href="ap000605.html">In the Heart of the Crab</a><br>
2000 June 04: <a href="ap000604.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula</a><br>
2000 June 03: <a href="ap000603.html">Compton Reentry</a><br>
2000 June 02: <a href="ap000602.html">The Secret Spiral Of IC3328</a><br>
2000 June 01: <a href="ap000601.html">X-Ray Wind From NGC 3783</a><br>
2000 May 31: <a href="ap000531.html">Astronaut at Work</a><br>
2000 May 30: <a href="ap000530.html">The Very Large Array Turns Twenty</a><br>
2000 May 29: <a href="ap000529.html">Olympus Mons Volcano on Mars</a><br>
2000 May 28: <a href="ap000528.html">Skylab Over Earth</a><br>
2000 May 27: <a href="ap000527.html">M51: The Centre Of The Whirlpool</a><br>
2000 May 26: <a href="ap000526.html">Solar Sail</a><br>
2000 May 25: <a href="ap000525.html">Eros Horizon View</a><br>
2000 May 24: <a href="ap000524.html">Pleiades, Planets, And Hot Plasma</a><br>
2000 May 23: <a href="ap000523.html">M4: The Closest Known Globular Cluster</a><br>
2000 May 22: <a href="ap000522.html">Light Bridges on the Sun</a><br>
2000 May 21: <a href="ap000521.html">Antares and Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
2000 May 20: <a href="ap000520.html">Sungrazer</a><br>
2000 May 19: <a href="ap000519.html">An Aurora Before the Storm</a><br>
2000 May 18: <a href="ap000518.html">The Near Infrared Sky</a><br>
2000 May 17: <a href="ap000517.html">The Far Infrared Sky</a><br>
2000 May 16: <a href="ap000516.html">QSO H1821 643 Indicates a Universe Filled with Hydrogen</a><br>
2000 May 15: <a href="ap000515.html">A Halo Around the Moon</a><br>
2000 May 14: <a href="ap000514.html">A Presidential Panorama of Mars</a><br>
2000 May 13: <a href="ap000513.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
2000 May 12: <a href="ap000512.html">X-Ray Ring Around SN1987A</a><br>
2000 May 11: <a href="ap000511.html">NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap</a><br>
2000 May 10: <a href="ap000510.html">Dog-Bone Shaped Asteroid 216 Kleopatra</a><br>
2000 May 09: <a href="ap000509.html">The Race to Reveal Our Universe</a><br>
2000 May 08: <a href="ap000508.html">Jupiter's Moons Thebe, Amalthea, and Metis</a><br>
2000 May 07: <a href="ap000507.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
2000 May 06: <a href="ap000506.html">The Heart Of Orion</a><br>
2000 May 05: <a href="ap000505.html">Planets In The Sun</a><br>
2000 May 04: <a href="ap000504.html">Planets Above The Clouds</a><br>
2000 May 03: <a href="ap000503.html">BOOMERANG Images The Early Universe</a><br>
2000 May 02: <a href="ap000502.html">An Iridium Flash Sunset</a><br>
2000 May 01: <a href="ap000501.html">The North America Nebula</a><br>
2000 April 30: <a href="ap000430.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan (SMC)</a><br>
2000 April 29: <a href="ap000429.html">3D View Of Jupiter's Clouds</a><br>
2000 April 28: <a href="ap000428.html">Leonid Glowworm</a><br>
2000 April 27: <a href="ap000427.html">Calderas And Cliffs Near Io's South Pole</a><br>
2000 April 26: <a href="ap000426.html">Filaments In The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
2000 April 25: <a href="ap000425.html">Layers of the Martian South Polar Cap</a><br>
2000 April 24: <a href="ap000424.html">Reflection Nebula M78</a><br>
2000 April 23: <a href="ap000423.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images</a><br>
2000 April 22: <a href="ap000422.html">Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy</a><br>
2000 April 21: <a href="ap000421.html">M82: Starburst in X-rays</a><br>
2000 April 20: <a href="ap000420.html">Blue Marble 2000</a><br>
2000 April 19: <a href="ap000419.html">Redshift 5.8: A New Farthest Quasar</a><br>
2000 April 18: <a href="ap000418.html">Europa: Ice Line</a><br>
2000 April 17: <a href="ap000417.html">Flying Over Asteroid Eros West End</a><br>
2000 April 16: <a href="ap000416.html">IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula</a><br>
2000 April 15: <a href="ap000415.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
2000 April 14: <a href="ap000414.html">Supernova Remnant E0102 72 from Radio to X-Ray</a><br>
2000 April 13: <a href="ap000413.html">Exploring Comet Tails</a><br>
2000 April 12: <a href="ap000412.html">The Local Bubble and the Galactic Neighborhood</a><br>
2000 April 11: <a href="ap000411.html">The Local Interstellar Cloud</a><br>
2000 April 10: <a href="ap000410.html">Aurora in Red and Yellow</a><br>
2000 April 09: <a href="ap000409.html">Mysterious Pluto and Charon</a><br>
2000 April 08: <a href="ap000408.html">Compton Observatory In Orbit</a><br>
2000 April 07: <a href="ap000407.html">Celebrating Hubble With NGC 6751</a><br>
2000 April 06: <a href="ap000406.html">Venus, Moon, and Neighbors</a><br>
2000 April 05: <a href="ap000405.html">The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius</a><br>
2000 April 04: <a href="ap000404.html">A Superwind from the Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
2000 April 03: <a href="ap000403.html">A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
2000 April 02: <a href="ap000402.html">Eagle EGGs in M16</a><br>
2000 April 01: <a href="ap000401.html">Planet Earth From TIROS 1: First TV Image</a><br>
2000 March 31: <a href="ap000331.html">Free-Floating Planets In Orion</a><br>
2000 March 30: <a href="ap000330.html">Saturn-Sized Worlds Discovered</a><br>
2000 March 29: <a href="ap000329.html">Fullerenes as Miniature Cosmic Time Capsules</a><br>
2000 March 28: <a href="ap000328.html">M20: The Trifid Nebula</a><br>
2000 March 27: <a href="ap000327.html">Flying Over Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2000 March 26: <a href="ap000326.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
2000 March 25: <a href="ap000325.html">The Earth Also Rises</a><br>
2000 March 24: <a href="ap000324.html">A Mystery in Gamma Rays</a><br>
2000 March 23: <a href="ap000323.html">Inside Mars</a><br>
2000 March 22: <a href="ap000322.html">A Spherule from Outer Space</a><br>
2000 March 21: <a href="ap000321.html">HH111's 12 Light-Year Star Jet</a><br>
2000 March 20: <a href="ap000320.html">Mercury on the Horizon</a><br>
2000 March 19: <a href="ap000319.html">Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater</a><br>
2000 March 18: <a href="ap000318.html">A Wind From The Sun</a><br>
2000 March 17: <a href="ap000317.html">Martian Dust Devil Trails</a><br>
2000 March 16: <a href="ap000316.html">NEAR Shoemaker Views Eros</a><br>
2000 March 15: <a href="ap000315.html">Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe</a><br>
2000 March 14: <a href="ap000314.html">A GRB 000301C Symphony</a><br>
2000 March 13: <a href="ap000313.html">A Panorama of Oddities in Orion A</a><br>
2000 March 12: <a href="ap000312.html">Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe</a><br>
2000 March 11: <a href="ap000311.html">Messier Marathon</a><br>
2000 March 10: <a href="ap000310.html">Sky and Planets</a><br>
2000 March 09: <a href="ap000309.html">Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection</a><br>
2000 March 08: <a href="ap000308.html">Nearer To Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2000 March 07: <a href="ap000307.html">Zal Patera on Jupiter's Moon Io</a><br>
2000 March 06: <a href="ap000306.html">Abell 2142: Clash of the Galaxy Clusters</a><br>
2000 March 05: <a href="ap000305.html">The Pipe Dark Nebula</a><br>
2000 March 04: <a href="ap000304.html">Saturn At Night</a><br>
2000 March 03: <a href="ap000303.html">Dust Storm on Planet Earth</a><br>
2000 March 02: <a href="ap000302.html">NGC 1999: Reflection Nebula In Orion</a><br>
2000 March 01: <a href="ap000301.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
2000 February 29: <a href="ap000229.html">Julius Caesar and Leap Days</a><br>
2000 February 28: <a href="ap000228.html">The Sombrero Galaxy from VLT</a><br>
2000 February 27: <a href="ap000227.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
2000 February 26: <a href="ap000226.html">Impact: 65 Million Years Ago</a><br>
2000 February 25: <a href="ap000225.html">The Comets Of SOHO</a><br>
2000 February 24: <a href="ap000224.html">Stereo Eros</a><br>
2000 February 23: <a href="ap000223.html">Sunspot Seething</a><br>
2000 February 22: <a href="ap000222.html">Neighboring Galaxy: The Large Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
2000 February 21: <a href="ap000221.html">A Giant Gouge on Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2000 February 20: <a href="ap000220.html">The Virgo Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
2000 February 19: <a href="ap000219.html">Young Suns</a><br>
2000 February 18: <a href="ap000218.html">Neptune through Adaptive Optics</a><br>
2000 February 17: <a href="ap000217.html">New Shocks For Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2000 February 16: <a href="ap000216.html">Eros From Orbit</a><br>
2000 February 15: <a href="ap000215.html">M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Core</a><br>
2000 February 14: <a href="ap000214.html">An Unexpected Asteroid Valentine</a><br>
2000 February 13: <a href="ap000213.html">Southwest Mercury</a><br>
2000 February 12: <a href="ap000212.html">Stereo Saturn</a><br>
2000 February 11: <a href="ap000211.html">XMM-Newton First Light: X-Rays From The LMC</a><br>
2000 February 10: <a href="ap000210.html">Eros Encounter Nears</a><br>
2000 February 09: <a href="ap000209.html">Galaxy Wars: M81 Versus M82</a><br>
2000 February 08: <a href="ap000208.html">Rings Around Beta Pictoris</a><br>
2000 February 07: <a href="ap000207.html">The W4 Chimney</a><br>
2000 February 06: <a href="ap000206.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
2000 February 05: <a href="ap000205.html">NEAR to Asteroid Eros</a><br>
2000 February 04: <a href="ap000204.html">X-Ray Stars Of Orion</a><br>
2000 February 03: <a href="ap000203.html">Colourful Clouds Of Carina</a><br>
2000 February 02: <a href="ap000202.html">Aeolian Mars</a><br>
2000 February 01: <a href="ap000201.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
2000 January 31: <a href="ap000131.html">Snowstorm on Planet Earth</a><br>
2000 January 30: <a href="ap000130.html">The Milky Way in Infrared</a><br>
2000 January 29: <a href="ap000129.html">Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise</a><br>
2000 January 28: <a href="ap000128.html">Astronomy From An F-18</a><br>
2000 January 27: <a href="ap000127.html">Spiral Galaxy In Centaurus</a><br>
2000 January 26: <a href="ap000126.html">A Lunar Eclipse Over Time</a><br>
2000 January 25: <a href="ap000125.html">A Lunar Eclipse in Three Exposures</a><br>
2000 January 24: <a href="ap000124.html">The Eskimo Nebula from the Newly Fixed Hubble</a><br>
2000 January 23: <a href="ap000123.html">A Message From Earth</a><br>
2000 January 22: <a href="ap000122.html">Magnetar In The Sky</a><br>
2000 January 21: <a href="ap000121.html">X For Andromeda</a><br>
2000 January 20: <a href="ap000120.html">X-Rays From The Galactic Centre</a><br>
2000 January 19: <a href="ap000119.html">A Big Black Hole Floats By</a><br>
2000 January 18: <a href="ap000118.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
2000 January 17: <a href="ap000117.html">V4641 Sgr: The Closest Black Hole Candidate</a><br>
2000 January 16: <a href="ap000116.html">The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a><br>
2000 January 15: <a href="ap000115.html">The Sun Also Rises</a><br>
2000 January 14: <a href="ap000114.html">Chandra Resolves the Hard X-Ray Background</a><br>
2000 January 13: <a href="ap000113.html">A Skygazers Full Moon</a><br>
2000 January 12: <a href="ap000112.html">NGC 6791: An Old, Large Open Cluster</a><br>
2000 January 11: <a href="ap000111.html">The Rosette Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur</a><br>
2000 January 10: <a href="ap000110.html">Brown Sun Bubbling</a><br>
2000 January 09: <a href="ap000109.html">Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges</a><br>
2000 January 08: <a href="ap000108.html">Albert Einstein Describes Space and Time</a><br>
2000 January 07: <a href="ap000107.html">NGC 4214: Star Forming Galaxy</a><br>
2000 January 06: <a href="ap000106.html">Mars in the New Year</a><br>
2000 January 05: <a href="ap000105.html">Earth, Moon, Hubble</a><br>
2000 January 04: <a href="ap000104.html">Galaxies Cluster Toward the Great Attractor</a><br>
2000 January 03: <a href="ap000103.html">Cas A Supernova Remnant in X-Rays</a><br>
2000 January 02: <a href="ap000102.html">The Largest Rock Known</a><br>
2000 January 01: <a href="ap000101.html">The Millennium that Defines Universe</a><br>
December 31 1999: <a href="ap991231.html">The Millennium that Defined Earth</a><br>
December 30 1999: <a href="ap991230.html">The Century that Defined Galaxy</a><br>
December 29 1999: <a href="ap991229.html">The Decade that Defined Star System</a><br>
December 28 1999: <a href="ap991228.html">A Year of New Perspectives</a><br>
December 27 1999: <a href="ap991227.html">Solar Moss</a><br>
December 26 1999: <a href="ap991226.html">West Of The Great Red Spot</a><br>
December 25 1999: <a href="ap991225.html">An Earth Ornament</a><br>
December 24 1999: <a href="ap991224.html">Hubble Holiday</a><br>
December 23 1999: <a href="ap991223.html">Unusual Aurora During Solar Wind Dropout</a><br>
December 22 1999: <a href="ap991222.html">Perigee Moon, Apogee Moon</a><br>
December 21 1999: <a href="ap991221.html">XMM Launched</a><br>
December 20 1999: <a href="ap991220.html">Lava Fountain on Jupiter's Io</a><br>
December 19 1999: <a href="ap991219.html">Accretion Disk Binary System</a><br>
December 18 1999: <a href="ap991218.html">Irregular Galaxy Sextans A</a><br>
December 17 1999: <a href="ap991217.html">Hot Gas In Hydra A</a><br>
December 16 1999: <a href="ap991216.html">Supernova Remnant In M82</a><br>
December 15 1999: <a href="ap991215.html">A Nova In Aquila</a><br>
December 14 1999: <a href="ap991214.html">High Velocity Clouds and the Milky Way</a><br>
December 13 1999: <a href="ap991213.html">A Magellanic Starfield</a><br>
December 12 1999: <a href="ap991212.html">NGC 4314: A Nuclear Starburst Ring</a><br>
December 11 1999: <a href="ap991211.html">A Close Encounter Of The Stellar Kind</a><br>
December 10 1999: <a href="ap991210.html">Spot The Planet</a><br>
December 09 1999: <a href="ap991209.html">X-ray Hot Supernova Remnant in the SMC</a><br>
December 08 1999: <a href="ap991208.html">Moon Struck</a><br>
December 07 1999: <a href="ap991207.html">The Cat's Paw Nebula</a><br>
December 06 1999: <a href="ap991206.html">M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT</a><br>
December 05 1999: <a href="ap991205.html">Rhea: Saturns Second Largest Moon</a><br>
December 04 1999: <a href="ap991204.html">Mars Polar Lander Target Ellipse</a><br>
December 03 1999: <a href="ap991203.html">Southern Mars</a><br>
December 02 1999: <a href="ap991202.html">1999 Leonid Fireball</a><br>
December 01 1999: <a href="ap991201.html">Landing At The Martian South Pole</a><br>
November 30 1999: <a href="ap991130.html">Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC</a><br>
November 29 1999: <a href="ap991129.html">Arcs and Jets in Herbig Haro 34</a><br>
November 28 1999: <a href="ap991128.html">Beneath Venus Clouds</a><br>
November 27 1999: <a href="ap991127.html">Runaway Star</a><br>
November 26 1999: <a href="ap991126.html">Io Volcano: Pele's Hot Lava</a><br>
November 25 1999: <a href="ap991125.html">3C 295: X-rays From A Giant Galaxy</a><br>
November 24 1999: <a href="ap991124.html">A Leonids Meteor Storm in 1999</a><br>
November 23 1999: <a href="ap991123.html">Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita</a><br>
November 22 1999: <a href="ap991122.html">The Crab Nebula from VLT</a><br>
November 21 1999: <a href="ap991121.html">Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4881 in Coma</a><br>
November 20 1999: <a href="ap991120.html">Small Star</a><br>
November 19 1999: <a href="ap991119.html">Mercury And The Sun</a><br>
November 18 1999: <a href="ap991118.html">A Sirius Leonid Meteor</a><br>
November 17 1999: <a href="ap991117.html">A Leonid Meteor Explodes</a><br>
November 16 1999: <a href="ap991116.html">A RADARSAT Map of Antarctica</a><br>
November 15 1999: <a href="ap991115.html">In the Shade of a Historic Planet</a><br>
November 14 1999: <a href="ap991114.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
November 13 1999: <a href="ap991113.html">Tempel Tuttle: The Leonid Comet</a><br>
November 12 1999: <a href="ap991112.html">1998 Leonid Fireball</a><br>
November 11 1999: <a href="ap991111.html">Mercury And The Moon</a><br>
November 10 1999: <a href="ap991110.html">The Belt of Venus</a><br>
November 09 1999: <a href="ap991109.html">Spiral Galaxies in Collision</a><br>
November 08 1999: <a href="ap991108.html">Lunation</a><br>
November 07 1999: <a href="ap991107.html">The Heart Of NGC 4261</a><br>
November 06 1999: <a href="ap991106.html">X-ray Transit of Mercury</a><br>
November 05 1999: <a href="ap991105.html">Shadow Of Phobos</a><br>
November 04 1999: <a href="ap991104.html">Gamma-Ray Bursting</a><br>
November 03 1999: <a href="ap991103.html">M32: Blue Stars in an Elliptical Galaxy</a><br>
November 02 1999: <a href="ap991102.html">Aurora Through a Moonlit Sky</a><br>
November 01 1999: <a href="ap991101.html">The Rotten Egg Planetary Nebula</a><br>
October 31 1999: <a href="ap991031.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
October 30 1999: <a href="ap991030.html">Mars Rocks, Sojourner Rolls</a><br>
October 29 1999: <a href="ap991029.html">The USNO Millennium Time Ball</a><br>
October 28 1999: <a href="ap991028.html">X-Ray Jet From Centaurus A</a><br>
October 27 1999: <a href="ap991027.html">In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
October 26 1999: <a href="ap991026.html">30 Doradus: The Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
October 25 1999: <a href="ap991025.html">Neptune in Infrared</a><br>
October 24 1999: <a href="ap991024.html">The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun</a><br>
October 23 1999: <a href="ap991023.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
October 22 1999: <a href="ap991022.html">Iridium 52: Not A Meteor</a><br>
October 21 1999: <a href="ap991021.html">Follow The Spots</a><br>
October 20 1999: <a href="ap991020.html">NGC 2261: Hubbles Variable Nebula</a><br>
October 19 1999: <a href="ap991019.html">Earth's North Magnetic Pole</a><br>
October 18 1999: <a href="ap991018.html">NGC 3603: An Active Star Cluster</a><br>
October 17 1999: <a href="ap991017.html">Black Holes in Galactic Centres</a><br>
October 16 1999: <a href="ap991016.html">Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation</a><br>
October 15 1999: <a href="ap991015.html">Moon Crashers</a><br>
October 14 1999: <a href="ap991014.html">Moon Over Eugenia</a><br>
October 13 1999: <a href="ap991013.html">Ozone Hole Reduced</a><br>
October 12 1999: <a href="ap991012.html">NGC 2346: A Butterfly Shaped Planetary Nebula</a><br>
October 11 1999: <a href="ap991011.html">Eta Carina in X-Rays</a><br>
October 10 1999: <a href="ap991010.html">Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon</a><br>
October 09 1999: <a href="ap991009.html">The Frothy Milky Way</a><br>
October 08 1999: <a href="ap991008.html">NGC 1365: Barred Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
October 07 1999: <a href="ap991007.html">The Averted Side Of The Moon</a><br>
October 06 1999: <a href="ap991006.html">Polaris: The North Star</a><br>
October 05 1999: <a href="ap991005.html">Two Hours Before Neptune</a><br>
October 04 1999: <a href="ap991004.html">The 220 Mirrors of CRTF</a><br>
October 03 1999: <a href="ap991003.html">Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Leo I</a><br>
October 02 1999: <a href="ap991002.html">Phi Persei: Double Star</a><br>
October 01 1999: <a href="ap991001.html">New Stars In 30 Doradus</a><br>
September 30 1999: <a href="ap990930.html">Massive Stars Of 30 Doradus</a><br>
September 29 1999: <a href="ap990929.html">The Crab Nebula in X-Rays</a><br>
September 28 1999: <a href="ap990928.html">Mystery Object Explained</a><br>
September 27 1999: <a href="ap990927.html">Our Galaxy in Stars, Gas, and Dust</a><br>
September 26 1999: <a href="ap990926.html">M83: A Barred Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
September 25 1999: <a href="ap990925.html">Twistin' By The Lagoon</a><br>
September 24 1999: <a href="ap990924.html">Cometary Globules In Orion</a><br>
September 23 1999: <a href="ap990923.html">Equinox and Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
September 22 1999: <a href="ap990922.html">Halos Around the Ring Nebula</a><br>
September 21 1999: <a href="ap990921.html">The Quintuplet Star Cluster</a><br>
September 20 1999: <a href="ap990920.html">Io in True Colour</a><br>
September 19 1999: <a href="ap990919.html">Interstellar Dust-Bunnies of NGC 891</a><br>
September 18 1999: <a href="ap990918.html">Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone</a><br>
September 17 1999: <a href="ap990917.html">M3: Half A Million Stars</a><br>
September 16 1999: <a href="ap990916.html">The Incredible Expanding Cat's Eye</a><br>
September 15 1999: <a href="ap990915.html">The Big Corona</a><br>
September 14 1999: <a href="ap990914.html">The Colourful Orion Nebula</a><br>
September 13 1999: <a href="ap990913.html">Supernova Remnant N132D in X-Rays</a><br>
September 12 1999: <a href="ap990912.html">Stonehenge: Ancient Monument to the Sun</a><br>
September 11 1999: <a href="ap990911.html">The Annotated Galactic Centre</a><br>
September 10 1999: <a href="ap990910.html">Cassini Images The Moon</a><br>
September 09 1999: <a href="ap990909.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over the Superstition Mountains</a><br>
September 08 1999: <a href="ap990908.html">A Superior Conjunction Of Mercury</a><br>
September 07 1999: <a href="ap990907.html">Water Found in Space Rock</a><br>
September 06 1999: <a href="ap990906.html">HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies</a><br>
September 05 1999: <a href="ap990905.html">The Universe Evolves</a><br>
September 04 1999: <a href="ap990904.html">The Water Vapor Channel</a><br>
September 03 1999: <a href="ap990903.html">Venus Falls Out of the Evening Sky</a><br>
September 02 1999: <a href="ap990902.html">Eclipse Over The Mountain</a><br>
September 01 1999: <a href="ap990901.html">1999 JM8: A Rock Too Close</a><br>
August 31 1999: <a href="ap990831.html">Symbiotic Star Bubbles</a><br>
August 30 1999: <a href="ap990830.html">Looking Back on an Eclipsed Earth</a><br>
August 29 1999: <a href="ap990829.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
August 28 1999: <a href="ap990828.html">X-Ray Pleiades</a><br>
August 27 1999: <a href="ap990827.html">Chandra's First Light: Cassiopeia A</a><br>
August 26 1999: <a href="ap990826.html">Cassini Flyby</a><br>
August 25 1999: <a href="ap990825.html">Reflections on NGC 6188</a><br>
August 24 1999: <a href="ap990824.html">A Network of Microlensing Caustics</a><br>
August 23 1999: <a href="ap990823.html">Sundogs over the VLA</a><br>
August 22 1999: <a href="ap990822.html">The Centre of Centaurus A</a><br>
August 21 1999: <a href="ap990821.html">Galaxies Away</a><br>
August 20 1999: <a href="ap990820.html">At The Sun's Edge</a><br>
August 19 1999: <a href="ap990819.html">Light From The Dark Sun</a><br>
August 18 1999: <a href="ap990818.html">Sun Block</a><br>
August 17 1999: <a href="ap990817.html">A Crescent Sunrise</a><br>
August 16 1999: <a href="ap990816.html">Mars Weather Watch</a><br>
August 15 1999: <a href="ap990815.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
August 14 1999: <a href="ap990814.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
August 13 1999: <a href="ap990813.html">Eclipse In The Shade</a><br>
August 12 1999: <a href="ap990812.html">Deploying Spartan</a><br>
August 11 1999: <a href="ap990811.html">A Meteor Over the Anza Borrego Desert</a><br>
August 10 1999: <a href="ap990810.html">A Total Eclipse for Europe</a><br>
August 09 1999: <a href="ap990809.html">A Martian Dust Storm Approaches</a><br>
August 08 1999: <a href="ap990808.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
August 07 1999: <a href="ap990807.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a><br>
August 06 1999: <a href="ap990806.html">Hubble Tracks Jupiters Great Red Spot</a><br>
August 05 1999: <a href="ap990805.html">Asteroid 9969 Braille</a><br>
August 04 1999: <a href="ap990804.html">The Surface of Titan</a><br>
August 03 1999: <a href="ap990803.html">The Vela Supernova Remnant Expands</a><br>
August 02 1999: <a href="ap990802.html">Regulus Occulted</a><br>
August 01 1999: <a href="ap990801.html">Walking in Space</a><br>
July 31 1999: <a href="ap990731.html">X-Ray Triple Jet</a><br>
July 30 1999: <a href="ap990730.html">The Sea of Tranquillity: 5 Seconds To Impact</a><br>
July 29 1999: <a href="ap990729.html">Hydrogen Blob N88A in the Small Magellanic Cloud</a><br>
July 28 1999: <a href="ap990728.html">Asia at Night</a><br>
July 27 1999: <a href="ap990727.html">Chandra X-Ray Telescope</a><br>
July 26 1999: <a href="ap990726.html">Noctilucent Clouds</a><br>
July 25 1999: <a href="ap990725.html">The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
July 24 1999: <a href="ap990724.html">Infrared Saturn</a><br>
July 23 1999: <a href="ap990723.html">A Martian Valley</a><br>
July 22 1999: <a href="ap990722.html">Cosmic Collisions in a Galaxy Cluster</a><br>
July 21 1999: <a href="ap990721.html">Galactic Supernova Remnant IC 443</a><br>
July 20 1999: <a href="ap990720.html">Moon Rocket</a><br>
July 19 1999: <a href="ap990719.html">NGC 3372: The Great Nebula in Carina</a><br>
July 18 1999: <a href="ap990718.html">Jupiter from Voyager</a><br>
July 17 1999: <a href="ap990717.html">Rockets and Robert Goddard</a><br>
July 16 1999: <a href="ap990716.html">Solar Surfin'</a><br>
July 15 1999: <a href="ap990715.html">Charles P. Conrad Jr. 1930-1999</a><br>
July 14 1999: <a href="ap990714.html">Moon, Planets, and Rocket Trails</a><br>
July 13 1999: <a href="ap990713.html">The Flame Nebula in Infrared</a><br>
July 12 1999: <a href="ap990712.html">A Delta Rocket Launches</a><br>
July 11 1999: <a href="ap990711.html">Barringer Crater on Earth</a><br>
July 10 1999: <a href="ap990710.html">Southern Neptune</a><br>
July 09 1999: <a href="ap990709.html">NGC 7789: Galactic Star Cluster</a><br>
July 08 1999: <a href="ap990708.html">Eruptive Prominence</a><br>
July 07 1999: <a href="ap990707.html">M80: A Dense Globular Cluster</a><br>
July 06 1999: <a href="ap990706.html">A Sun Pillar</a><br>
July 05 1999: <a href="ap990705.html">Four Faces of Mars</a><br>
July 04 1999: <a href="ap990704.html">A Landing On Mars</a><br>
July 03 1999: <a href="ap990703.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
July 02 1999: <a href="ap990702.html">Shadow Of A Comet</a><br>
July 01 1999: <a href="ap990701.html">Apollo 17's Lunar Rover</a><br>
June 30 1999: <a href="ap990630.html">NGC 6934 from Gemini North</a><br>
June 29 1999: <a href="ap990629.html">Gemini North Telescope Inaugurated</a><br>
June 28 1999: <a href="ap990628.html">From Mars with Love</a><br>
June 27 1999: <a href="ap990627.html">COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
June 26 1999: <a href="ap990626.html">Shells in the Egg Nebula</a><br>
June 25 1999: <a href="ap990625.html">The Gegenschein</a><br>
June 24 1999: <a href="ap990624.html">NGC 1365: A Nearby Barred Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
June 23 1999: <a href="ap990623.html">The Sudbury Neutrino Detector</a><br>
June 22 1999: <a href="ap990622.html">PKS285-02: A Young Planetary Nebula</a><br>
June 21 1999: <a href="ap990621.html">The Galactic Centre in Infrared</a><br>
June 20 1999: <a href="ap990620.html">A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes</a><br>
June 19 1999: <a href="ap990619.html">Venus on the Horizon</a><br>
June 18 1999: <a href="ap990618.html">Tharsis Volcanos</a><br>
June 17 1999: <a href="ap990617.html">NGC 4565: Needle Galaxy</a><br>
June 16 1999: <a href="ap990616.html">Sprite Fireworks</a><br>
June 15 1999: <a href="ap990615.html">The Sun Oscillates</a><br>
June 14 1999: <a href="ap990614.html">N159 and The Papillon Nebula</a><br>
June 13 1999: <a href="ap990613.html">Zodiacal Light</a><br>
June 12 1999: <a href="ap990612.html">Venus: Just Passing By</a><br>
June 11 1999: <a href="ap990611.html">AB Aurigae: How To Make Planets</a><br>
June 10 1999: <a href="ap990610.html">Mjølnir: Impact Crater</a><br>
June 09 1999: <a href="ap990609.html">NGC 4414: A Telling Spiral</a><br>
June 08 1999: <a href="ap990608.html">Trifid Pillars and Jets</a><br>
June 07 1999: <a href="ap990607.html">Starbirth in the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
June 06 1999: <a href="ap990606.html">Kepler Discovers How Planets Move</a><br>
June 05 1999: <a href="ap990605.html">Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse</a><br>
June 04 1999: <a href="ap990604.html">NGC 3603: From Beginning To End</a><br>
June 03 1999: <a href="ap990603.html">Methane Dwarf</a><br>
June 02 1999: <a href="ap990602.html">Thermal Mars</a><br>
June 01 1999: <a href="ap990601.html">A Gallery of Gravitational Mirages</a><br>
May 31 1999: <a href="ap990531.html">Uranus Moon 18</a><br>
May 30 1999: <a href="ap990530.html">Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky</a><br>
May 29 1999: <a href="ap990529.html">The Ecliptic Plane</a><br>
May 28 1999: <a href="ap990528.html">Topographical Mars</a><br>
May 27 1999: <a href="ap990527.html">NGC 4603 and the Expanding Universe</a><br>
May 26 1999: <a href="ap990526.html">GRB 990510: Another Unusual Gamma Ray Burst</a><br>
May 25 1999: <a href="ap990525.html">NGC 6872: A Stretched Spiral</a><br>
May 24 1999: <a href="ap990524.html">Introducing Nova Velorum 1999</a><br>
May 23 1999: <a href="ap990523.html">The Keyhole Nebula</a><br>
May 22 1999: <a href="ap990522.html">M42: A Mosaic of Orion's Great Nebula</a><br>
May 21 1999: <a href="ap990521.html">Star Party Trails</a><br>
May 20 1999: <a href="ap990520.html">Cyclone on Mars</a><br>
May 19 1999: <a href="ap990519.html">The Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
May 18 1999: <a href="ap990518.html">A Laguna Triangle</a><br>
May 17 1999: <a href="ap990517.html">How to Search for Aliens</a><br>
May 16 1999: <a href="ap990516.html">Europe at Night</a><br>
May 15 1999: <a href="ap990515.html">Star Wars in NGC 664</a><br>
May 14 1999: <a href="ap990514.html">Landsat 7 Views Planet Earth</a><br>
May 13 1999: <a href="ap990513.html">Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera</a><br>
May 12 1999: <a href="ap990512.html">Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO510 13</a><br>
May 11 1999: <a href="ap990511.html">Molecular Cloud Barnard 68</a><br>
May 10 1999: <a href="ap990510.html">Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A</a><br>
May 09 1999: <a href="ap990509.html">Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close</a><br>
May 08 1999: <a href="ap990508.html">Moon Occults Saturn</a><br>
May 07 1999: <a href="ap990507.html">Hot Stars in the Southern Milky Way</a><br>
May 06 1999: <a href="ap990506.html">Liberty Bell 7</a><br>
May 05 1999: <a href="ap990505.html">A Solar System Portrait</a><br>
May 04 1999: <a href="ap990504.html">Magnetic Mars</a><br>
May 03 1999: <a href="ap990503.html">Loop I in the Northern Sky</a><br>
May 02 1999: <a href="ap990502.html">Stars from Eagle's Eggs</a><br>
May 01 1999: <a href="ap990501.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
April 30 1999: <a href="ap990430.html">Solar Shock Wave</a><br>
April 29 1999: <a href="ap990429.html">NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog</a><br>
April 28 1999: <a href="ap990428.html">A Sundial for Mars</a><br>
April 27 1999: <a href="ap990427.html">Introducing Comet Lee</a><br>
April 26 1999: <a href="ap990426.html">USNO A2.0 Catalog: A Digital Sky</a><br>
April 25 1999: <a href="ap990425.html">Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater</a><br>
April 24 1999: <a href="ap990424.html">Barsoom</a><br>
April 23 1999: <a href="ap990423.html">Io Shadow</a><br>
April 22 1999: <a href="ap990422.html">Where is Upsilon Andromedae?</a><br>
April 21 1999: <a href="ap990421.html">The Nearest Stars</a><br>
April 20 1999: <a href="ap990420.html">Candidates for a Hypernova</a><br>
April 19 1999: <a href="ap990419.html">The Full Moon</a><br>
April 18 1999: <a href="ap990418.html">Moon Over California</a><br>
April 17 1999: <a href="ap990417.html">Gamma Ray Moon</a><br>
April 16 1999: <a href="ap990416.html">Upsilon Andromedae: An Extra-Solar System</a><br>
April 15 1999: <a href="ap990415.html">Apollo 17's Moonship</a><br>
April 14 1999: <a href="ap990414.html">The Backyard Universe</a><br>
April 13 1999: <a href="ap990413.html">The Case of the Missing Supernova</a><br>
April 12 1999: <a href="ap990412.html">Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945</a><br>
April 11 1999: <a href="ap990411.html">Liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia</a><br>
April 10 1999: <a href="ap990410.html">Canaries Sky</a><br>
April 09 1999: <a href="ap990409.html">WR 104: Pinwheel Star</a><br>
April 08 1999: <a href="ap990408.html">Apollo 12: Surveyor 3 and Intrepid</a><br>
April 07 1999: <a href="ap990407.html">Denizen of the Tarantula Nebula</a><br>
April 06 1999: <a href="ap990406.html">NGC 6334: The Bear Claw Nebula</a><br>
April 05 1999: <a href="ap990405.html">The Launch of STARDUST</a><br>
April 04 1999: <a href="ap990404.html">Hot Gas and Dark Matter</a><br>
April 03 1999: <a href="ap990403.html">The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz</a><br>
April 02 1999: <a href="ap990402.html">Stars of NGC 206</a><br>
April 01 1999: <a href="ap990401.html">Ski Mars!</a><br>
March 31 1999: <a href="ap990331.html">PG 1115+080: A Gravitational Cloverleaf</a><br>
March 30 1999: <a href="ap990330.html">An Anomalous SETI Signal</a><br>
March 29 1999: <a href="ap990329.html">NGC 1850: Gas Clouds and Star Clusters</a><br>
March 28 1999: <a href="ap990328.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
March 27 1999: <a href="ap990327.html">Stars Without Galaxies</a><br>
March 26 1999: <a href="ap990326.html">Impact Moon</a><br>
March 25 1999: <a href="ap990325.html">March of the Planets</a><br>
March 24 1999: <a href="ap990324.html">Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B</a><br>
March 23 1999: <a href="ap990323.html">A Chamaeleon Sky</a><br>
March 22 1999: <a href="ap990322.html">An Infrared Galaxy Gallery</a><br>
March 21 1999: <a href="ap990321.html">M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
March 20 1999: <a href="ap990320.html">Aurora and Orion</a><br>
March 19 1999: <a href="ap990319.html">Mapping Mars</a><br>
March 18 1999: <a href="ap990318.html">Messier Marathon</a><br>
March 17 1999: <a href="ap990317.html">Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos</a><br>
March 16 1999: <a href="ap990316.html">Sigmoids Predict Solar Eruptions</a><br>
March 15 1999: <a href="ap990315.html">Happy Face Crater on Mars</a><br>
March 14 1999: <a href="ap990314.html">The Comet and the Galaxy</a><br>
March 13 1999: <a href="ap990313.html">Phobos Over Mars</a><br>
March 12 1999: <a href="ap990312.html">Hydrogen, Helium, and the Stars of M10</a><br>
March 11 1999: <a href="ap990311.html">5 Million Miles From Io</a><br>
March 10 1999: <a href="ap990310.html">NGC 2997 from VLT Kueyen</a><br>
March 09 1999: <a href="ap990309.html">The VLT Interferometric Array</a><br>
March 08 1999: <a href="ap990308.html">A Jupiter-Venus Conjunction</a><br>
March 07 1999: <a href="ap990307.html">Tycho's Supernova Remnant in X-ray</a><br>
March 06 1999: <a href="ap990306.html">Miranda, Chevron, and Alonso</a><br>
March 05 1999: <a href="ap990305.html">M46 And NGC 2438: Young And Old</a><br>
March 04 1999: <a href="ap990304.html">Ganymede Mosaic</a><br>
March 03 1999: <a href="ap990303.html">Infrared Mars</a><br>
March 02 1999: <a href="ap990302.html">The Kleinmann Low Nebula</a><br>
March 01 1999: <a href="ap990301.html">Reflection Nebula NGC 1435</a><br>
February 28 1999: <a href="ap990228.html">Trapezium: Teardrops in My Skies</a><br>
February 27 1999: <a href="ap990227.html">Hamlet of Oberon</a><br>
February 26 1999: <a href="ap990226.html">Dark Cloud</a><br>
February 25 1999: <a href="ap990225.html">NGC 6712: Galactic Globular Cluster</a><br>
February 24 1999: <a href="ap990224.html">A Milky Way Band</a><br>
February 23 1999: <a href="ap990223.html">Construction of International Space Station Begins</a><br>
February 22 1999: <a href="ap990222.html">NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide</a><br>
February 21 1999: <a href="ap990221.html">In the Centre of 30 Doradus</a><br>
February 20 1999: <a href="ap990220.html">Astro-1 In Orbit</a><br>
February 19 1999: <a href="ap990219.html">On The Trail Of A Fireball</a><br>
February 18 1999: <a href="ap990218.html">Aerogel For Stardust</a><br>
February 17 1999: <a href="ap990217.html">Hickson Compact Group 40</a><br>
February 16 1999: <a href="ap990216.html">The Large and Small of M87</a><br>
February 15 1999: <a href="ap990215.html">La Nina Earth</a><br>
February 14 1999: <a href="ap990214.html">Dark Sky, Bright Sun</a><br>
February 13 1999: <a href="ap990213.html">Pluto: The Frozen Planet</a><br>
February 12 1999: <a href="ap990212.html">Lunar Close Up</a><br>
February 11 1999: <a href="ap990211.html">A Disk and Jet in Haro 6-5B</a><br>
February 10 1999: <a href="ap990210.html">GRB 990123 Host Galaxy Imaged</a><br>
February 09 1999: <a href="ap990209.html">A Supernova Starfield</a><br>
February 08 1999: <a href="ap990208.html">The Solar Wind Emerges</a><br>
February 07 1999: <a href="ap990207.html">Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon</a><br>
February 06 1999: <a href="ap990206.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
February 05 1999: <a href="ap990205.html">HR 4796A: Not Saturn</a><br>
February 04 1999: <a href="ap990204.html">Spiral Sunspot</a><br>
February 03 1999: <a href="ap990203.html">A Galactic Mushroom Cloud</a><br>
February 02 1999: <a href="ap990202.html">The Orion Nebula from Subaru</a><br>
February 01 1999: <a href="ap990201.html">The Subaru Telescope</a><br>
January 31 1999: <a href="ap990131.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
January 30 1999: <a href="ap990130.html">Stereo Saturn</a><br>
January 29 1999: <a href="ap990129.html">The Moon In January</a><br>
January 28 1999: <a href="ap990128.html">The Galactic Centre - A Radio Mystery</a><br>
January 27 1999: <a href="ap990127.html">Hypatia of Alexandria</a><br>
January 26 1999: <a href="ap990126.html">M17: The Omega Nebula</a><br>
January 25 1999: <a href="ap990125.html">Galaxy And Gamma Ray Burst</a><br>
January 24 1999: <a href="ap990124.html">A Venus Landing</a><br>
January 23 1999: <a href="ap990123.html">Saturnian Aurora</a><br>
January 22 1999: <a href="ap990122.html">Pegasus dSph: Little Galaxy of the Local Group</a><br>
January 21 1999: <a href="ap990121.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 253</a><br>
January 20 1999: <a href="ap990120.html">Possible Planets And Infrared Dust</a><br>
January 19 1999: <a href="ap990119.html">Telescope with Lightning</a><br>
January 18 1999: <a href="ap990118.html">Kitt Peak National Observatory</a><br>
January 17 1999: <a href="ap990117.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
January 16 1999: <a href="ap990116.html">Spiral Eddies On Planet Earth</a><br>
January 15 1999: <a href="ap990115.html">Reflections Of Orion</a><br>
January 14 1999: <a href="ap990114.html">Crosby Ramsey Memorial Observatory Refractor</a><br>
January 13 1999: <a href="ap990113.html">Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br>
January 12 1999: <a href="ap990112.html">The Wind on Mars</a><br>
January 11 1999: <a href="ap990111.html">Perihelion Sun</a><br>
January 10 1999: <a href="ap990110.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
January 09 1999: <a href="ap990109.html">Lunokhod: Moon Robot</a><br>
January 08 1999: <a href="ap990108.html">Invader From Earth</a><br>
January 07 1999: <a href="ap990107.html">The Ring</a><br>
January 06 1999: <a href="ap990106.html">M6: The Butterfly Cluster</a><br>
January 05 1999: <a href="ap990105.html">A New Jupiter Oval Rotates</a><br>
January 04 1999: <a href="ap990104.html">Ring Around the Cluster</a><br>
January 03 1999: <a href="ap990103.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
January 02 1999: <a href="ap990102.html">Mercury: A Cratered Inferno</a><br>
January 01 1999: <a href="ap990101.html">G23: Merging Galaxies</a><br>
December 31 1998: <a href="ap981231.html">The Year of Distant Supernovae</a><br>
December 30 1998: <a href="ap981230.html">Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe</a><br>
December 29 1998: <a href="ap981229.html">A Geminid from Gemini</a><br>
December 28 1998: <a href="ap981228.html">NEAR to Asteroid Eros</a><br>
December 27 1998: <a href="ap981227.html">M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
December 26 1998: <a href="ap981226.html">Gamma Ray Quasar</a><br>
December 25 1998: <a href="ap981225.html">Nebulae For Christmas</a><br>
December 24 1998: <a href="ap981224.html">Mars Climate Orbiter Launches</a><br>
December 23 1998: <a href="ap981223.html">Ring Around the Galaxy</a><br>
December 22 1998: <a href="ap981222.html">Dawn of the Leonids</a><br>
December 21 1998: <a href="ap981221.html">Solstice Sun In Soft X-rays</a><br>
December 20 1998: <a href="ap981220.html">Edge On Spiral Galaxy NGC 891</a><br>
December 19 1998: <a href="ap981219.html">Cartwheel Of Fortune</a><br>
December 18 1998: <a href="ap981218.html">TT Cygni: Carbon Star</a><br>
December 17 1998: <a href="ap981217.html">The Night Shift</a><br>
December 16 1998: <a href="ap981216.html">3-D Mars North Pole</a><br>
December 15 1998: <a href="ap981215.html">Plains and Ridges on Europa</a><br>
December 14 1998: <a href="ap981214.html">The Hubble Deep Field South</a><br>
December 13 1998: <a href="ap981213.html">Blasting Off from the Moon</a><br>
December 12 1998: <a href="ap981212.html">Driving To The Sun</a><br>
December 11 1998: <a href="ap981211.html">High Redshift Quasars</a><br>
December 10 1998: <a href="ap981210.html">Assembling The International Space Station</a><br>
December 09 1998: <a href="ap981209.html">NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy</a><br>
December 08 1998: <a href="ap981208.html">Leonids from Leo</a><br>
December 07 1998: <a href="ap981207.html">Star Forming Region RCW38</a><br>
December 06 1998: <a href="ap981206.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
December 05 1998: <a href="ap981205.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
December 04 1998: <a href="ap981204.html">Centaurus A: The Galaxy Deep Inside</a><br>
December 03 1998: <a href="ap981203.html">Deep Space 1</a><br>
December 02 1998: <a href="ap981202.html">A Deep Field In The Southern Sky</a><br>
December 01 1998: <a href="ap981201.html">Cepheus 1: Nearby Galaxy Hiding</a><br>
November 30 1998: <a href="ap981130.html">An Annotated Leonid</a><br>
November 29 1998: <a href="ap981129.html">Arecibo: The Largest Telescope</a><br>
November 28 1998: <a href="ap981128.html">A Lonely Neutron Star</a><br>
November 27 1998: <a href="ap981127.html">Twisting Meteor Train</a><br>
November 26 1998: <a href="ap981126.html">Meteor Milky Way</a><br>
November 25 1998: <a href="ap981125.html">A Leonid Bolide Over Kansas</a><br>
November 24 1998: <a href="ap981124.html">Seven Leonids Over Wise Observatory</a><br>
November 23 1998: <a href="ap981123.html">A Leonid Meteor Explodes</a><br>
November 22 1998: <a href="ap981122.html">The High Energy Crab Nebula</a><br>
November 21 1998: <a href="ap981121.html">Catching Falling Stardust</a><br>
November 20 1998: <a href="ap981120.html">Green Fireball</a><br>
November 19 1998: <a href="ap981119.html">Bright Leonids</a><br>
November 18 1998: <a href="ap981118.html">Close Up of the Bubble Nebula</a><br>
November 17 1998: <a href="ap981117.html">NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula</a><br>
November 16 1998: <a href="ap981116.html">Leonids 1998: A Safe Meteor Storm</a><br>
November 15 1998: <a href="ap981115.html">Deimos: A Small Martian Moon</a><br>
November 14 1998: <a href="ap981114.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
November 13 1998: <a href="ap981113.html">A Leonid Fireball From 1966</a><br>
November 12 1998: <a href="ap981112.html">GLAST Gamma Ray Sky Simulation</a><br>
November 11 1998: <a href="ap981111.html">Aurora Above</a><br>
November 10 1998: <a href="ap981110.html">NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula</a><br>
November 09 1998: <a href="ap981109.html">WR124: Stellar Fireball</a><br>
November 08 1998: <a href="ap981108.html">Leonid Meteor Shower Next Week</a><br>
November 07 1998: <a href="ap981107.html">Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae</a><br>
November 06 1998: <a href="ap981106.html">Cutaway Callisto: Ice, Rock, And Ocean</a><br>
November 05 1998: <a href="ap981105.html">Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise</a><br>
November 04 1998: <a href="ap981104.html">Cosmology Solved?</a><br>
November 03 1998: <a href="ap981103.html">Sextans A: A Seemingly Square Galaxy</a><br>
November 02 1998: <a href="ap981102.html">PG 1115: A Ghost of Lensing Past</a><br>
November 01 1998: <a href="ap981101.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
October 31 1998: <a href="ap981031.html">Bats And The Barren Moon</a><br>
October 30 1998: <a href="ap981030.html">John Glenn: Discovery Launch</a><br>
October 29 1998: <a href="ap981029.html">John Glenn: Friendship 7 To Discovery</a><br>
October 28 1998: <a href="ap981028.html">NGC 6210: The Turtle in Space Planetary Nebula</a><br>
October 27 1998: <a href="ap981027.html">Henrietta Leavitt Calibrates the Stars</a><br>
October 26 1998: <a href="ap981026.html">An Ion Drive for Deep Space 1</a><br>
October 25 1998: <a href="ap981025.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
October 24 1998: <a href="ap981024.html">The Sun Also Rises</a><br>
October 23 1998: <a href="ap981023.html">Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7742</a><br>
October 22 1998: <a href="ap981022.html">Jupiter: When Storms Collide</a><br>
October 21 1998: <a href="ap981021.html">The Case of the Missing Aurora</a><br>
October 20 1998: <a href="ap981020.html">Infrared Uranus</a><br>
October 19 1998: <a href="ap981019.html">Olympus Mons From Orbit</a><br>
October 18 1998: <a href="ap981018.html">Saturns Rings Seen Sideways</a><br>
October 17 1998: <a href="ap981017.html">A Giant Globular Cluster in M31</a><br>
October 16 1998: <a href="ap981016.html">Io Aurora</a><br>
October 15 1998: <a href="ap981015.html">A Great Day For SOHO</a><br>
October 14 1998: <a href="ap981014.html">The World's Largest Ozone Hole</a><br>
October 13 1998: <a href="ap981013.html">In the Centre of the Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
October 12 1998: <a href="ap981012.html">The Hubble Deep Field in Infrared</a><br>
October 11 1998: <a href="ap981011.html">Resolving Mira</a><br>
October 10 1998: <a href="ap981010.html">Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation</a><br>
October 09 1998: <a href="ap981009.html">M27: Not A Comet</a><br>
October 08 1998: <a href="ap981008.html">Far Side of the Moon</a><br>
October 07 1998: <a href="ap981007.html">Ocean Planet Pole To Pole</a><br>
October 06 1998: <a href="ap981006.html">Comet Williams in 1998</a><br>
October 05 1998: <a href="ap981005.html">A Sunspot Up Close</a><br>
October 04 1998: <a href="ap981004.html">One Small Step</a><br>
October 03 1998: <a href="ap981003.html">Sputnik: Traveling Companion</a><br>
October 02 1998: <a href="ap981002.html">Magnetar In The Sky</a><br>
October 01 1998: <a href="ap981001.html">Happy 40th Birthday, NASA!</a><br>
September 30 1998: <a href="ap980930.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232</a><br>
September 29 1998: <a href="ap980929.html">A Peculiar Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
September 28 1998: <a href="ap980928.html">A Hurricane in the Gulf</a><br>
September 27 1998: <a href="ap980927.html">Albert Einstein Describes Space and Time</a><br>
September 26 1998: <a href="ap980926.html">Space Walz</a><br>
September 25 1998: <a href="ap980925.html">Twin Proto-Planetary Disks</a><br>
September 24 1998: <a href="ap980924.html">The North Pole Of Mars</a><br>
September 23 1998: <a href="ap980923.html">Autumn and the Active Sun</a><br>
September 22 1998: <a href="ap980922.html">M61: Virgo Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
September 21 1998: <a href="ap980921.html">NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules</a><br>
September 20 1998: <a href="ap980920.html">Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System</a><br>
September 19 1998: <a href="ap980919.html">18 Miles From Deimos</a><br>
September 18 1998: <a href="ap980918.html">Lunar Prospects</a><br>
September 17 1998: <a href="ap980917.html">Radio, The Big Ear, And The Wow! Signal</a><br>
September 16 1998: <a href="ap980916.html">Jupiters Rings Revealed</a><br>
September 15 1998: <a href="ap980915.html">The NTT SUSI Deep Field</a><br>
September 14 1998: <a href="ap980914.html">Dust Hip Deep on Phobos</a><br>
September 13 1998: <a href="ap980913.html">Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope</a><br>
September 12 1998: <a href="ap980912.html">Star Trails in Northern Skies</a><br>
September 11 1998: <a href="ap980911.html">Help Map The Moon</a><br>
September 10 1998: <a href="ap980910.html">Europa: Ridges and Rafts on a Frozen Moon</a><br>
September 09 1998: <a href="ap980909.html">Crater Copernicus</a><br>
September 08 1998: <a href="ap980908.html">A Cluster Too Far</a><br>
September 07 1998: <a href="ap980907.html">The Sky Towards Sagittarius</a><br>
September 06 1998: <a href="ap980906.html">Mariner's Mercury</a><br>
September 05 1998: <a href="ap980905.html">The Pulsar Powered Crab</a><br>
September 04 1998: <a href="ap980904.html">Nozomi: Earth and Moon</a><br>
September 03 1998: <a href="ap980903.html">SGR 1900+14 : Magnetar</a><br>
September 02 1998: <a href="ap980902.html">Saturn from Earth</a><br>
September 01 1998: <a href="ap980901.html">A Colourful Aurora</a><br>
August 31 1998: <a href="ap980831.html">A3827: Cluster Cannibal</a><br>
August 30 1998: <a href="ap980830.html">The Sun Erupts</a><br>
August 29 1998: <a href="ap980829.html">Orion Star Colours</a><br>
August 28 1998: <a href="ap980828.html">Hydrogen Trifid</a><br>
August 27 1998: <a href="ap980827.html">Hercules Galaxies</a><br>
August 26 1998: <a href="ap980826.html">The Magellanic Stream</a><br>
August 25 1998: <a href="ap980825.html">Moon, Venus, Jupiter, Phoenix</a><br>
August 24 1998: <a href="ap980824.html">An Annular Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
August 23 1998: <a href="ap980823.html">Vega</a><br>
August 22 1998: <a href="ap980822.html">Twistin' by the Lagoon</a><br>
August 21 1998: <a href="ap980821.html">A Massive Cluster In A Young Universe</a><br>
August 20 1998: <a href="ap980820.html">SOHO Composite: Coronal Mass Ejection</a><br>
August 19 1998: <a href="ap980819.html">M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules</a><br>
August 18 1998: <a href="ap980818.html">APM 08279+5255: The Brightest Object Yet Known</a><br>
August 17 1998: <a href="ap980817.html">Comet Hyakutake and the Milky Way</a><br>
August 16 1998: <a href="ap980816.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
August 15 1998: <a href="ap980815.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
August 14 1998: <a href="ap980814.html">The Dunes Of Mars</a><br>
August 13 1998: <a href="ap980813.html">The Moons Of Earth</a><br>
August 12 1998: <a href="ap980812.html">ERAST Pathfinder Plus: Daedalus Defied</a><br>
August 11 1998: <a href="ap980811.html">Sun Dance</a><br>
August 10 1998: <a href="ap980810.html">Meteors Now and Again</a><br>
August 09 1998: <a href="ap980809.html">Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula</a><br>
August 08 1998: <a href="ap980808.html">The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
August 07 1998: <a href="ap980807.html">M65 Without Moth</a><br>
August 06 1998: <a href="ap980806.html">Infrared Horsehead</a><br>
August 05 1998: <a href="ap980805.html">Ganymede: Torn Comet - Crater Chain</a><br>
August 04 1998: <a href="ap980804.html">Jupiter Swallows Comet Shoemaker Levy 9</a><br>
August 03 1998: <a href="ap980803.html">M44: A Beehive of Stars</a><br>
August 02 1998: <a href="ap980802.html">Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges</a><br>
August 01 1998: <a href="ap980801.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
July 31 1998: <a href="ap980731.html">IRAS Orion</a><br>
July 30 1998: <a href="ap980730.html">Volcanos on Mars: Elysium Region</a><br>
July 29 1998: <a href="ap980729.html">The High Energy Heart Of The Milky Way</a><br>
July 28 1998: <a href="ap980728.html">Impact on Jupiter</a><br>
July 27 1998: <a href="ap980727.html">N81: Starbirth in the SMC</a><br>
July 26 1998: <a href="ap980726.html">Antares</a><br>
July 25 1998: <a href="ap980725.html">Hawaii</a><br>
July 24 1998: <a href="ap980724.html">Alan B. Shepard Jr. 1923-1998</a><br>
July 23 1998: <a href="ap980723.html">X-Ray Pulsar</a><br>
July 22 1998: <a href="ap980722.html">Dark Craters on Ganymede</a><br>
July 21 1998: <a href="ap980721.html">Nearby Spiral M33</a><br>
July 20 1998: <a href="ap980720.html">La Nina Watch</a><br>
July 19 1998: <a href="ap980719.html">Globular Cluster M3</a><br>
July 18 1998: <a href="ap980718.html">Rockets and Robert Goddard</a><br>
July 17 1998: <a href="ap980717.html">Hyakutake: Stars Through A Comet's Tail</a><br>
July 16 1998: <a href="ap980716.html">X-Ray Triple Jet</a><br>
July 15 1998: <a href="ap980715.html">Ghost Galaxy NGC 2915</a><br>
July 14 1998: <a href="ap980714.html">At Work on Mars</a><br>
July 13 1998: <a href="ap980713.html">GRB 980703: A Reassuring Redshift</a><br>
July 12 1998: <a href="ap980712.html">Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face</a><br>
July 11 1998: <a href="ap980711.html">M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy</a><br>
July 10 1998: <a href="ap980710.html">NGC 1531/2: Interacting Galaxies</a><br>
July 09 1998: <a href="ap980709.html">Hale-Bopp: The Crowd Pleaser Comet</a><br>
July 08 1998: <a href="ap980708.html">Mysterious Pluto and Charon</a><br>
July 07 1998: <a href="ap980707.html">M8: The Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
July 06 1998: <a href="ap980706.html">Sizzling Io</a><br>
July 05 1998: <a href="ap980705.html">Apollo 15's Home on the Moon</a><br>
July 04 1998: <a href="ap980704.html">The Firework Nebula</a><br>
July 03 1998: <a href="ap980703.html">Mir Above</a><br>
July 02 1998: <a href="ap980702.html">X-ray Transit of Mercury</a><br>
July 01 1998: <a href="ap980701.html">NGC 1808: A Nearby Starburst Galaxy</a><br>
June 30 1998: <a href="ap980630.html">The Universe Evolves</a><br>
June 29 1998: <a href="ap980629.html">Solar Magnetic Bananas</a><br>
June 28 1998: <a href="ap980628.html">Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
June 27 1998: <a href="ap980627.html">Southern Neptune</a><br>
June 26 1998: <a href="ap980626.html">A Planet For Gliese 876</a><br>
June 25 1998: <a href="ap980625.html">NGC 4650A: Strange Galaxy and Dark Matter</a><br>
June 24 1998: <a href="ap980624.html">Sparkling Star May Indicate Galactic Composition</a><br>
June 23 1998: <a href="ap980623.html">A Slice Through an Artificial Universe</a><br>
June 22 1998: <a href="ap980622.html">The Doomed Dust Disk of NGC 7052</a><br>
June 21 1998: <a href="ap980621.html">Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe</a><br>
June 20 1998: <a href="ap980620.html">Pioneer 10: The First 6 Billion Miles</a><br>
June 19 1998: <a href="ap980619.html">Good Morning Mars</a><br>
June 18 1998: <a href="ap980618.html">Cosmic Rays and Supernova Dust</a><br>
June 17 1998: <a href="ap980617.html">The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope</a><br>
June 16 1998: <a href="ap980616.html">An Active Region of the Sun</a><br>
June 15 1998: <a href="ap980615.html">NGC 4314: A Nuclear Starburst Ring</a><br>
June 14 1998: <a href="ap980614.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images</a><br>
June 13 1998: <a href="ap980613.html">Henize 70: A SuperBubble In The LMC</a><br>
June 12 1998: <a href="ap980612.html">Orion Nebula: The 2MASS View</a><br>
June 11 1998: <a href="ap980611.html">SOHO's Twin Sungrazers</a><br>
June 10 1998: <a href="ap980610.html">NGC 6070: First Light for Sloan</a><br>
June 09 1998: <a href="ap980609.html">Ice Cusps on Europa</a><br>
June 08 1998: <a href="ap980608.html">A Mars Glint</a><br>
June 07 1998: <a href="ap980607.html">The Hubble Deep Field</a><br>
June 06 1998: <a href="ap980606.html">M100: A Grand Design</a><br>
June 05 1998: <a href="ap980605.html">Neutrinos in the Sun</a><br>
June 04 1998: <a href="ap980604.html">Comet SOHO and Nebulae in Orion</a><br>
June 03 1998: <a href="ap980603.html">Martian Crater Shows Evidence of Dried Pond</a><br>
June 02 1998: <a href="ap980602.html">NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula</a><br>
June 01 1998: <a href="ap980601.html">Solar Flares Cause Sun Quakes</a><br>
May 31 1998: <a href="ap980531.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
May 30 1998: <a href="ap980530.html">Water World</a><br>
May 29 1998: <a href="ap980529.html">An Extrasolar Planet?</a><br>
May 28 1998: <a href="ap980528.html">Afterglow</a><br>
May 27 1998: <a href="ap980527.html">Magnetar</a><br>
May 26 1998: <a href="ap980526.html">A Seemingly Square Sun</a><br>
May 25 1998: <a href="ap980525.html">M83: A Barred Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
May 24 1998: <a href="ap980524.html">A High Energy Fleet</a><br>
May 23 1998: <a href="ap980523.html">7,000 Stars And The Milky Way</a><br>
May 22 1998: <a href="ap980522.html">The Centre of Centaurus A</a><br>
May 21 1998: <a href="ap980521.html">Bright Comet SOHO</a><br>
May 20 1998: <a href="ap980520.html">Discovery Image: Comet SOHO (1998 J1)</a><br>
May 19 1998: <a href="ap980519.html">Apollo 11: Onto a New World</a><br>
May 18 1998: <a href="ap980518.html">NGC 6369: A Donut Shaped Nebula</a><br>
May 17 1998: <a href="ap980517.html">Our Solar System from Voyager</a><br>
May 16 1998: <a href="ap980516.html">Helios Helium</a><br>
May 15 1998: <a href="ap980515.html">TRACE and the Active Sun</a><br>
May 14 1998: <a href="ap980514.html">Comet Stonehouse</a><br>
May 13 1998: <a href="ap980513.html">Occultations and Rising Moons</a><br>
May 12 1998: <a href="ap980512.html">Callisto Enhanced</a><br>
May 11 1998: <a href="ap980511.html">Callisto in True Colour</a><br>
May 10 1998: <a href="ap980510.html">Skylab Over Earth</a><br>
May 09 1998: <a href="ap980509.html">The Water Vapor Channel</a><br>
May 08 1998: <a href="ap980508.html">A Gamma Ray Burst Supernova?</a><br>
May 07 1998: <a href="ap980507.html">A Powerful Gamma Ray Burst</a><br>
May 06 1998: <a href="ap980506.html">Beijing Ancient Observatory</a><br>
May 05 1998: <a href="ap980505.html">Aurora at Midnight</a><br>
May 04 1998: <a href="ap980504.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
May 03 1998: <a href="ap980503.html">Standing on the Moon</a><br>
May 02 1998: <a href="ap980502.html">The Frothy Milky Way</a><br>
May 01 1998: <a href="ap980501.html">Venus: Just Passing By</a><br>
April 30 1998: <a href="ap980430.html">Mars: Big Crater in Stereo</a><br>
April 29 1998: <a href="ap980429.html">Tornadoes on the Sun</a><br>
April 28 1998: <a href="ap980428.html">A Rare Double Conjunction Eclipse</a><br>
April 27 1998: <a href="ap980427.html">IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula</a><br>
April 26 1998: <a href="ap980426.html">NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
April 25 1998: <a href="ap980425.html">Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star</a><br>
April 24 1998: <a href="ap980424.html">Infrared Saturn</a><br>
April 23 1998: <a href="ap980423.html">Three Dusty Stars</a><br>
April 22 1998: <a href="ap980422.html">HR 4796A: A Recipe for Planets</a><br>
April 21 1998: <a href="ap980421.html">Water From Orion</a><br>
April 20 1998: <a href="ap980420.html">Name This Satellite</a><br>
April 19 1998: <a href="ap980419.html">Betelgeuse</a><br>
April 18 1998: <a href="ap980418.html">Star Wars in NGC 664</a><br>
April 17 1998: <a href="ap980417.html">Mars: Looking For Viking</a><br>
April 16 1998: <a href="ap980416.html">Mars: Cydonia Close Up</a><br>
April 15 1998: <a href="ap980415.html">NGC 1818: Pick A Star</a><br>
April 14 1998: <a href="ap980414.html">Starlight Reflections</a><br>
April 13 1998: <a href="ap980413.html">The Sun Changes</a><br>
April 12 1998: <a href="ap980412.html">Stars from Eagle's EGGs</a><br>
April 11 1998: <a href="ap980411.html">NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery</a><br>
April 10 1998: <a href="ap980410.html">Hyakutake: Comet Atmosphere</a><br>
April 09 1998: <a href="ap980409.html">Quasar in an Elliptical Galaxy</a><br>
April 08 1998: <a href="ap980408.html">Nabta: Older than Stonehenge</a><br>
April 07 1998: <a href="ap980407.html">Return To Cydonia</a><br>
April 06 1998: <a href="ap980406.html">A Face On Mars</a><br>
April 05 1998: <a href="ap980405.html">X-Ray Pleiades</a><br>
April 04 1998: <a href="ap980404.html">Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone</a><br>
April 03 1998: <a href="ap980403.html">Hen 1357: New Born Nebula</a><br>
April 02 1998: <a href="ap980402.html">Iridium Flare</a><br>
April 01 1998: <a href="ap980401.html">Astronaut Kicks Lunar Field Goal</a><br>
March 31 1998: <a href="ap980331.html">M20: The Trifid Nebula</a><br>
March 30 1998: <a href="ap980330.html">A Bulls Eye Einstein Ring</a><br>
March 29 1998: <a href="ap980329.html">NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster</a><br>
March 28 1998: <a href="ap980328.html">Von Braun's Wheel</a><br>
March 27 1998: <a href="ap980327.html">Lunar Dust and Duct Tape</a><br>
March 26 1998: <a href="ap980326.html">Galaxies Away</a><br>
March 25 1998: <a href="ap980325.html">Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 in Infrared</a><br>
March 24 1998: <a href="ap980324.html">A Baby Galaxy</a><br>
March 23 1998: <a href="ap980323.html">Starbirth in NGC 1808</a><br>
March 22 1998: <a href="ap980322.html">Sunspots: Magnetic Depressions</a><br>
March 21 1998: <a href="ap980321.html">The Gamma Ray Sky</a><br>
March 20 1998: <a href="ap980320.html">Mars: Ridges Near the South Pole</a><br>
March 19 1998: <a href="ap980319.html">Mars: A Canyon's Edge</a><br>
March 18 1998: <a href="ap980318.html">Interstellar Dust Bunnies of NGC 891</a><br>
March 17 1998: <a href="ap980317.html">Clouds Over Tharsis on Mars</a><br>
March 16 1998: <a href="ap980316.html">Asteroids in the Distance</a><br>
March 15 1998: <a href="ap980315.html">Unusual M82: The Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
March 14 1998: <a href="ap980314.html">A Spiral Galaxy Gallery</a><br>
March 13 1998: <a href="ap980313.html">Asteroids</a><br>
March 12 1998: <a href="ap980312.html">Moon Shadow</a><br>
March 11 1998: <a href="ap980311.html">A Total Eclipse of the Sun</a><br>
March 10 1998: <a href="ap980310.html">Cracks and Ridges on Europa</a><br>
March 09 1998: <a href="ap980309.html">Yogi Rock on Mars</a><br>
March 08 1998: <a href="ap980308.html">Shuttle Engine Blast</a><br>
March 07 1998: <a href="ap980307.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
March 06 1998: <a href="ap980306.html">Water Ice At The Lunar Poles</a><br>
March 05 1998: <a href="ap980305.html">Canaries Sky</a><br>
March 04 1998: <a href="ap980304.html">Aurora Over Alaska</a><br>
March 03 1998: <a href="ap980303.html">560 Kilometers Above Europa</a><br>
March 02 1998: <a href="ap980302.html">Rumors of a Strange Universe</a><br>
March 01 1998: <a href="ap980301.html">A Sky Full Of Hydrogen</a><br>
February 28 1998: <a href="ap980228.html">Eagle Eggs in M16</a><br>
February 27 1998: <a href="ap980227.html">Solar Eclipse: A Composite View</a><br>
February 26 1998: <a href="ap980226.html">A Southern Sky View</a><br>
February 25 1998: <a href="ap980225.html">The Solar Neighborhood</a><br>
February 24 1998: <a href="ap980224.html">The Lyman Alpha Forest</a><br>
February 23 1998: <a href="ap980223.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
February 22 1998: <a href="ap980222.html">Southern Lights and Shuttle Glow</a><br>
February 21 1998: <a href="ap980221.html">Neptune: Big Blue Giant</a><br>
February 20 1998: <a href="ap980220.html">Hale-Bopp: A Continuing Tail</a><br>
February 19 1998: <a href="ap980219.html">Miranda</a><br>
February 18 1998: <a href="ap980218.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
February 17 1998: <a href="ap980217.html">Shocked by Supernova 1987a</a><br>
February 16 1998: <a href="ap980216.html">Sagittarius Dwarf to Collide with Milky Way</a><br>
February 15 1998: <a href="ap980215.html">Stars Without Galaxies</a><br>
February 14 1998: <a href="ap980214.html">The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
February 13 1998: <a href="ap980213.html">Explorer I</a><br>
February 12 1998: <a href="ap980212.html">In A Grand Canyon On Mars</a><br>
February 11 1998: <a href="ap980211.html">Ultra-Fast Pulsar</a><br>
February 10 1998: <a href="ap980210.html">All of Mars</a><br>
February 09 1998: <a href="ap980209.html">The Witch Head Nebula</a><br>
February 08 1998: <a href="ap980208.html">M1: Filaments of the Crab Nebula</a><br>
February 07 1998: <a href="ap980207.html">COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known</a><br>
February 06 1998: <a href="ap980206.html">Happy Birthday Jules Verne</a><br>
February 05 1998: <a href="ap980205.html">A Martian River Bed?</a><br>
February 04 1998: <a href="ap980204.html">A Passing Spaceship Views Earth</a><br>
February 03 1998: <a href="ap980203.html">A Magellanic Mural</a><br>
February 02 1998: <a href="ap980202.html">A Triple Eclipse on Jupiter</a><br>
February 01 1998: <a href="ap980201.html">NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion</a><br>
January 31 1998: <a href="ap980131.html">Hamlet of Oberon</a><br>
January 30 1998: <a href="ap980130.html">Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet</a><br>
January 29 1998: <a href="ap980129.html">The Earth-Moon System</a><br>
January 28 1998: <a href="ap980128.html">The Infrared Sky</a><br>
January 27 1998: <a href="ap980127.html">The Great Nebula in Orion</a><br>
January 26 1998: <a href="ap980126.html">Interplanetary Spaceship Passes Earth</a><br>
January 25 1998: <a href="ap980125.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan (SMC)</a><br>
January 24 1998: <a href="ap980124.html">The Large Cloud Of Magellan (LMC)</a><br>
January 23 1998: <a href="ap980123.html">Jovian Aurora</a><br>
January 22 1998: <a href="ap980122.html">Closer To Beta Pic</a><br>
January 21 1998: <a href="ap980121.html">Our Dusty Universe</a><br>
January 20 1998: <a href="ap980120.html">Arachnoids on Venus</a><br>
January 19 1998: <a href="ap980119.html">The Hubble 5 Planetary Nebula</a><br>
January 18 1998: <a href="ap980118.html">Saturn, Rings, and Two Moons</a><br>
January 17 1998: <a href="ap980117.html">At The Core Of M15</a><br>
January 16 1998: <a href="ap980116.html">Dusting Spiral Galaxies</a><br>
January 15 1998: <a href="ap980115.html">Eugene Shoemaker: 1928-1997</a><br>
January 14 1998: <a href="ap980114.html">A Distant Destiny</a><br>
January 13 1998: <a href="ap980113.html">El Nino Water Rhythm</a><br>
January 12 1998: <a href="ap980112.html">The Keyhole Nebula</a><br>
January 11 1998: <a href="ap980111.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
January 10 1998: <a href="ap980110.html">Disorder in Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
January 09 1998: <a href="ap980109.html">Saturnian Aurora</a><br>
January 08 1998: <a href="ap980108.html">Destination: Moon</a><br>
January 07 1998: <a href="ap980107.html">The Colourful Moon</a><br>
January 06 1998: <a href="ap980106.html">The Red Spider Planetary Nebula</a><br>
January 05 1998: <a href="ap980105.html">Earth's Richat Structure</a><br>
January 04 1998: <a href="ap980104.html">Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close</a><br>
January 03 1998: <a href="ap980103.html">The Barren Moon</a><br>
January 02 1998: <a href="ap980102.html">Europa's Disconnected Surface</a><br>
January 01 1998: <a href="ap980101.html">The Largest Rock Known</a><br>
December 31 1997: <a href="ap971231.html">NGC 5307: A Symmetric Planetary Nebula</a><br>
December 30 1997: <a href="ap971230.html">NGC 7009: The Saturn Nebula</a><br>
December 29 1997: <a href="ap971229.html">The Milky Way in Infrared</a><br>
December 28 1997: <a href="ap971228.html">Pluto: The Frozen Planet</a><br>
December 27 1997: <a href="ap971227.html">Keck: The Largest Optical Telescopes</a><br>
December 26 1997: <a href="ap971226.html">West Of The Great Red Spot</a><br>
December 25 1997: <a href="ap971225.html">A Hale-Bopp Holiday</a><br>
December 24 1997: <a href="ap971224.html">30 Doradus Across the Spectrum</a><br>
December 23 1997: <a href="ap971223.html">M2-9: Wings of a Planetary Nebula</a><br>
December 22 1997: <a href="ap971222.html">David N. Schramm, 1945-1997</a><br>
December 21 1997: <a href="ap971221.html">A Winter Solstice</a><br>
December 20 1997: <a href="ap971220.html">Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater</a><br>
December 19 1997: <a href="ap971219.html">NGC 6826: The Blinking Eye</a><br>
December 18 1997: <a href="ap971218.html">Gamma-Ray Burster</a><br>
December 17 1997: <a href="ap971217.html">Stonehenge: Ancient Monument to the Sun</a><br>
December 16 1997: <a href="ap971216.html">Night Lightning on Jupiter</a><br>
December 15 1997: <a href="ap971215.html">A Farewell to Tails</a><br>
December 14 1997: <a href="ap971214.html">The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz</a><br>
December 13 1997: <a href="ap971213.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
December 12 1997: <a href="ap971212.html">Phi Persei: Double Star</a><br>
December 11 1997: <a href="ap971211.html">A Martian Lake Bed?</a><br>
December 10 1997: <a href="ap971210.html">Sprint the Flying Space Camera</a><br>
December 09 1997: <a href="ap971209.html">Mysterious Features on Ganymede</a><br>
December 08 1997: <a href="ap971208.html">The Trifid Nebula in Red, White and Blue</a><br>
December 07 1997: <a href="ap971207.html">A Distant Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
December 06 1997: <a href="ap971206.html">A Quasar Portrait Gallery</a><br>
December 05 1997: <a href="ap971205.html">Seeing Through Galaxies</a><br>
December 04 1997: <a href="ap971204.html">A Sky Full Of Planets</a><br>
December 03 1997: <a href="ap971203.html">Runaway Star</a><br>
December 02 1997: <a href="ap971202.html">Micro-Quasar GRS1915 Puffs</a><br>
December 01 1997: <a href="ap971201.html">Orion: The Big Picture</a><br>
November 30 1997: <a href="ap971130.html">Mercury: A Cratered Inferno</a><br>
November 29 1997: <a href="ap971129.html">Lasers in Eta Carinae</a><br>
November 28 1997: <a href="ap971128.html">Beta Pictoris Revisited</a><br>
November 27 1997: <a href="ap971127.html">Jupiter's Inner Moons</a><br>
November 26 1997: <a href="ap971126.html">Uranian Moons, Rings, And Clouds</a><br>
November 25 1997: <a href="ap971125.html">The Comet and the Galaxy</a><br>
November 24 1997: <a href="ap971124.html">Jet Near Light Speed</a><br>
November 23 1997: <a href="ap971123.html">Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon</a><br>
November 22 1997: <a href="ap971122.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
November 21 1997: <a href="ap971121.html">Jupiter: Moon, Ring, and Clouds</a><br>
November 20 1997: <a href="ap971120.html">Escape From The Sun</a><br>
November 19 1997: <a href="ap971119.html">Diffraction Spikes: When Stars Look Like Crosses</a><br>
November 18 1997: <a href="ap971118.html">In the Centre of the Trapezium</a><br>
November 17 1997: <a href="ap971117.html">Barringer Crater on Earth</a><br>
November 16 1997: <a href="ap971116.html">The Leonid Meteor Shower</a><br>
November 15 1997: <a href="ap971115.html">Uranus: The Tilted Planet</a><br>
November 14 1997: <a href="ap971114.html">Irregular Galaxy Sextans A</a><br>
November 13 1997: <a href="ap971113.html">Mars: A Sheer Close Up</a><br>
November 12 1997: <a href="ap971112.html">El Nino Earth</a><br>
November 11 1997: <a href="ap971111.html">The Annotated Galactic Centre</a><br>
November 10 1997: <a href="ap971110.html">Dark Volcano Active on Io</a><br>
November 09 1997: <a href="ap971109.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
November 08 1997: <a href="ap971108.html">Aristarchus' Unbelievable Discoveries</a><br>
November 07 1997: <a href="ap971107.html">Evidence for Frame Dragging Black Holes</a><br>
November 06 1997: <a href="ap971106.html">The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun</a><br>
November 05 1997: <a href="ap971105.html">The Milky Way's Gamma-Ray Halo</a><br>
November 04 1997: <a href="ap971104.html">Blue Stagglers in Globular Clusters</a><br>
November 03 1997: <a href="ap971103.html">Irregular Moons Discovered Around Uranus</a><br>
November 02 1997: <a href="ap971102.html">White Dwarf Stars Cool</a><br>
November 01 1997: <a href="ap971101.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
October 31 1997: <a href="ap971031.html">Haunting Mars</a><br>
October 30 1997: <a href="ap971030.html">3D View Of Jupiter's Clouds</a><br>
October 29 1997: <a href="ap971029.html">Stereo Saturn</a><br>
October 28 1997: <a href="ap971028.html">Rafting for Solar Neutrinos</a><br>
October 27 1997: <a href="ap971027.html">Closeup of Antennae Galaxy Collision</a><br>
October 26 1997: <a href="ap971026.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
October 25 1997: <a href="ap971025.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
October 24 1997: <a href="ap971024.html">Moving Echoes Around SN 1987A</a><br>
October 23 1997: <a href="ap971023.html">Echoes of Supernova 1987A</a><br>
October 22 1997: <a href="ap971022.html">The Antennae Galaxies</a><br>
October 21 1997: <a href="ap971021.html">The Butterfly Planetary Nebula</a><br>
October 20 1997: <a href="ap971020.html">Spiral Eddies On Planet Earth</a><br>
October 19 1997: <a href="ap971019.html">The Heart Of NGC 4261</a><br>
October 18 1997: <a href="ap971018.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
October 17 1997: <a href="ap971017.html">Mars: A Mist In Mariner Valley</a><br>
October 16 1997: <a href="ap971016.html">Cassini To Venus</a><br>
October 15 1997: <a href="ap971015.html">Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula</a><br>
October 14 1997: <a href="ap971014.html">Venus On The Horizon</a><br>
October 13 1997: <a href="ap971013.html">Ice Clouds over Mars</a><br>
October 12 1997: <a href="ap971012.html">Impact! 65 Million Years Ago</a><br>
October 11 1997: <a href="ap971011.html">Floating Free in Space</a><br>
October 10 1997: <a href="ap971010.html">Mars Pathfinder Super Pan</a><br>
October 09 1997: <a href="ap971009.html">Hale Bopp and the North American Nebula</a><br>
October 08 1997: <a href="ap971008.html">The Brightest Star Yet Known</a><br>
October 07 1997: <a href="ap971007.html">Europe at Night</a><br>
October 06 1997: <a href="ap971006.html">Surveyor At Mars</a><br>
October 05 1997: <a href="ap971005.html">Worlds of a Distant Sun: 47 Ursae Majoris b</a><br>
October 04 1997: <a href="ap971004.html">In the Centre of 30 Doradus</a><br>
October 03 1997: <a href="ap971003.html">Comet Halley and the Milky Way</a><br>
October 02 1997: <a href="ap971002.html">Colliding Supernova Remnants</a><br>
October 01 1997: <a href="ap971001.html">Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation</a><br>
September 30 1997: <a href="ap970930.html">Half Dome Rock on Mars</a><br>
September 29 1997: <a href="ap970929.html">Jupiter And Family</a><br>
September 28 1997: <a href="ap970928.html">A Wolf Rayet Star Bubble</a><br>
September 27 1997: <a href="ap970927.html">The Ecliptic Plane</a><br>
September 26 1997: <a href="ap970926.html">A Lonely Neutron Star</a><br>
September 25 1997: <a href="ap970925.html">T Pyxidis: Recurrent Nova</a><br>
September 24 1997: <a href="ap970924.html">Moon Occults Saturn</a><br>
September 23 1997: <a href="ap970923.html">A Martian Autumn Begins</a><br>
September 22 1997: <a href="ap970922.html">Antares and Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
September 21 1997: <a href="ap970921.html">Looking Down on Saturn</a><br>
September 20 1997: <a href="ap970920.html">The Clouds of Jupiter</a><br>
September 19 1997: <a href="ap970919.html">Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae</a><br>
September 18 1997: <a href="ap970918.html">Erupting Sun</a><br>
September 17 1997: <a href="ap970917.html">GRB Fireball Persists</a><br>
September 16 1997: <a href="ap970916.html">Moon Over Mongolia</a><br>
September 15 1997: <a href="ap970915.html">Olympus Mons on Mars: The Largest Volcano</a><br>
September 14 1997: <a href="ap970914.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula</a><br>
September 13 1997: <a href="ap970913.html">Kepler Discovers How Planets Move</a><br>
September 12 1997: <a href="ap970912.html">The Centre of NGC 6251 is Glowing</a><br>
September 11 1997: <a href="ap970911.html">Mars Global Surveyor: Aerobraking</a><br>
September 10 1997: <a href="ap970910.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Outbound</a><br>
September 09 1997: <a href="ap970909.html">A Green Flash from the Sun</a><br>
September 08 1997: <a href="ap970908.html">A Map of Asteroid Vesta</a><br>
September 07 1997: <a href="ap970907.html">Luna 9: First Soft Lander</a><br>
September 06 1997: <a href="ap970906.html">Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System</a><br>
September 05 1997: <a href="ap970905.html">Apollo 17: Boulder on the Moon</a><br>
September 04 1997: <a href="ap970904.html">Rivers in the Sun</a><br>
September 03 1997: <a href="ap970903.html">A Partial Eclipse in Southern Skies</a><br>
September 02 1997: <a href="ap970902.html">Dark Sky, Bright Sun</a><br>
September 01 1997: <a href="ap970901.html">Infrared Helix</a><br>
August 31 1997: <a href="ap970831.html">Arp 230: Two Spirals in One?</a><br>
August 30 1997: <a href="ap970830.html">The United States at Night</a><br>
August 29 1997: <a href="ap970829.html">Cassini To Saturn</a><br>
August 28 1997: <a href="ap970828.html">Infrared Trifid</a><br>
August 27 1997: <a href="ap970827.html">A Fleeting Eclipse</a><br>
August 26 1997: <a href="ap970826.html">Zodiacal Light</a><br>
August 25 1997: <a href="ap970825.html">A Fisheye View of Comet Hale-Bopp</a><br>
August 24 1997: <a href="ap970824.html">The Snake Nebula in Ophiuchus</a><br>
August 23 1997: <a href="ap970823.html">A Star Forming Region in the LMC</a><br>
August 22 1997: <a href="ap970822.html">IP Pegasi: Spiral Star</a><br>
August 21 1997: <a href="ap970821.html">A Universe in a Box</a><br>
August 20 1997: <a href="ap970820.html">Bright Meteor, Dark Sky</a><br>
August 19 1997: <a href="ap970819.html">Super Typhoon Winnie</a><br>
August 18 1997: <a href="ap970818.html">Io: The Prometheus Plume</a><br>
August 17 1997: <a href="ap970817.html">Astro-1 In Orbit</a><br>
August 16 1997: <a href="ap970816.html">Pictured: An Ancient Martian?</a><br>
August 15 1997: <a href="ap970815.html">Impact on Europa</a><br>
August 14 1997: <a href="ap970814.html">Mars Rocks, Sojourner Rolls</a><br>
August 13 1997: <a href="ap970813.html">Resolving Mira</a><br>
August 12 1997: <a href="ap970812.html">Sher 25: A Pending Supernova?</a><br>
August 11 1997: <a href="ap970811.html">A Perseid Meteor</a><br>
August 10 1997: <a href="ap970810.html">Nebulosity in Sagittarius</a><br>
August 09 1997: <a href="ap970809.html">The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
August 08 1997: <a href="ap970808.html">White Oval Clouds on Jupiter</a><br>
August 07 1997: <a href="ap970807.html">Jupiter's Ring Halo</a><br>
August 06 1997: <a href="ap970806.html">Hale-Bopp from Indian Cove</a><br>
August 05 1997: <a href="ap970805.html">M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br>
August 04 1997: <a href="ap970804.html">A Rusty Sunset on Mars</a><br>
August 03 1997: <a href="ap970803.html">The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
August 02 1997: <a href="ap970802.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
August 01 1997: <a href="ap970801.html">A Martian Sunset</a><br>
July 31 1997: <a href="ap970731.html">Behind CL1358+62: A New Farthest Object</a><br>
July 30 1997: <a href="ap970730.html">Eagle Castle</a><br>
July 29 1997: <a href="ap970729.html">Strange Rocks on Mars</a><br>
July 28 1997: <a href="ap970728.html">Help Aldebaran Map the Moon</a><br>
July 27 1997: <a href="ap970727.html">A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes</a><br>
July 26 1997: <a href="ap970726.html">M81 in True Colour</a><br>
July 25 1997: <a href="ap970725.html">Stellar Laboratories in the LMC</a><br>
July 24 1997: <a href="ap970724.html">Mars Pathfinder's Landing Site</a><br>
July 23 1997: <a href="ap970723.html">Hale-Bopp Triple Crown</a><br>
July 22 1997: <a href="ap970722.html">A Presidential Panorama of Mars</a><br>
July 21 1997: <a href="ap970721.html">In the Centre of the Keyhole Nebula</a><br>
July 20 1997: <a href="ap970720.html">At the Edge of the Helix</a><br>
July 19 1997: <a href="ap970719.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
July 18 1997: <a href="ap970718.html">Blue Stars and Red Pillars</a><br>
July 17 1997: <a href="ap970717.html">A Message from Earth</a><br>
July 16 1997: <a href="ap970716.html">Mars: Yogi And Friends in 3D</a><br>
July 15 1997: <a href="ap970715.html">Vega</a><br>
July 14 1997: <a href="ap970714.html">Mars: Twin Peaks In Stereo</a><br>
July 13 1997: <a href="ap970713.html">Vela Supernova Remnant in Optical</a><br>
July 12 1997: <a href="ap970712.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
July 11 1997: <a href="ap970711.html">Yogi Rock</a><br>
July 10 1997: <a href="ap970710.html">Sojourner's View: The Sagan Memorial Station</a><br>
July 09 1997: <a href="ap970709.html">Sol 4: Mars Colour Panorama</a><br>
July 08 1997: <a href="ap970708.html">Barnacle Bill And Sojourner</a><br>
July 07 1997: <a href="ap970707.html">Sojourner On Mars</a><br>
July 06 1997: <a href="ap970706.html">A Martian Day's End</a><br>
July 05 1997: <a href="ap970705.html">Pathfinder On Mars</a><br>
July 04 1997: <a href="ap970704.html">A Landing On Mars</a><br>
July 03 1997: <a href="ap970703.html">Mars: A Journey's End</a><br>
July 02 1997: <a href="ap970702.html">Gamma-Ray Burst: A Milestone Explosion</a><br>
July 01 1997: <a href="ap970701.html">Asteroid 253 Mathilde's Large Craters</a><br>
June 30 1997: <a href="ap970630.html">NEAR Mathilde</a><br>
June 29 1997: <a href="ap970629.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a><br>
June 28 1997: <a href="ap970628.html">Barsoom</a><br>
June 27 1997: <a href="ap970627.html">Mars: Just The Facts</a><br>
June 26 1997: <a href="ap970626.html">A Close Encounter of the Stellar Kind</a><br>
June 25 1997: <a href="ap970625.html">A GRB Host?</a><br>
June 24 1997: <a href="ap970624.html">Antares</a><br>
June 23 1997: <a href="ap970623.html">Eruption on Io</a><br>
June 22 1997: <a href="ap970622.html">Distant Galaxies</a><br>
June 21 1997: <a href="ap970621.html">The Pipe Dark Nebula</a><br>
June 20 1997: <a href="ap970620.html">NGC1850: Star Cluster in the LMC</a><br>
June 19 1997: <a href="ap970619.html">HH1/HH2: Star Jets</a><br>
June 18 1997: <a href="ap970618.html">Asteroid 3753: Earth's Curious Companion</a><br>
June 17 1997: <a href="ap970617.html">Arp 220: Spirals in Collision</a><br>
June 16 1997: <a href="ap970616.html">APOD is Two Years Old Today</a><br>
June 15 1997: <a href="ap970615.html">Rockets and Robert Goddard</a><br>
June 14 1997: <a href="ap970614.html">The Early Universe</a><br>
June 13 1997: <a href="ap970613.html">Streaming From A Black Hole</a><br>
June 12 1997: <a href="ap970612.html">Jupiter's Dry Spots</a><br>
June 11 1997: <a href="ap970611.html">Young Suns</a><br>
June 10 1997: <a href="ap970610.html">Hale-Bopp Above the Cinqui Torri Mountains</a><br>
June 09 1997: <a href="ap970609.html">An Auroral Ring on Jupiter</a><br>
June 08 1997: <a href="ap970608.html">M101: An Ultraviolet View</a><br>
June 07 1997: <a href="ap970607.html">Apollo 15: Driving on the Moon</a><br>
June 06 1997: <a href="ap970606.html">Boosting Compton</a><br>
June 05 1997: <a href="ap970605.html">Small Star</a><br>
June 04 1997: <a href="ap970604.html">Tarantula</a><br>
June 03 1997: <a href="ap970603.html">Venus' Once Molten Surface</a><br>
June 02 1997: <a href="ap970602.html">Bright Star Knots in NGC 4038</a><br>
June 01 1997: <a href="ap970601.html">M100: A Grand Design</a><br>
May 31 1997: <a href="ap970531.html">Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione</a><br>
May 30 1997: <a href="ap970530.html">A Cosmic Snowball</a><br>
May 29 1997: <a href="ap970529.html">Southern Neptune</a><br>
May 28 1997: <a href="ap970528.html">Mars: Just The Fiction</a><br>
May 27 1997: <a href="ap970527.html">Moonrise, Planet Earth</a><br>
May 26 1997: <a href="ap970526.html">Old Faithful Meets Hale-Bopp</a><br>
May 25 1997: <a href="ap970525.html">A High Energy Fleet</a><br>
May 24 1997: <a href="ap970524.html">Saturn's Rings Seen Sideways</a><br>
May 23 1997: <a href="ap970523.html">The Heart Of Orion</a><br>
May 22 1997: <a href="ap970522.html">Bound For Mars</a><br>
May 21 1997: <a href="ap970521.html">GRB970508 Delivers Predicted Radio Emission</a><br>
May 20 1997: <a href="ap970520.html">Shells in the Egg Nebula</a><br>
May 19 1997: <a href="ap970519.html">Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365</a><br>
May 18 1997: <a href="ap970518.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
May 17 1997: <a href="ap970517.html">7,000 Stars and the Milky Way</a><br>
May 16 1997: <a href="ap970516.html">Signed, "A Black Hole"</a><br>
May 15 1997: <a href="ap970515.html">Hale-Bopp: Climbing Into Southern Skies</a><br>
May 14 1997: <a href="ap970514.html">Hale-Bopp's Fickle Ion Tail</a><br>
May 13 1997: <a href="ap970513.html">Optical Transient Near GRB970508 Shows Distant Redshift</a><br>
May 12 1997: <a href="ap970512.html">Lightning on Jupiter</a><br>
May 11 1997: <a href="ap970511.html">M42: A Mosaic of Orion's Great Nebula</a><br>
May 10 1997: <a href="ap970510.html">Apollo 15's Home on the Moon</a><br>
May 09 1997: <a href="ap970509.html">Apollo 12: Self-Portrait</a><br>
May 08 1997: <a href="ap970508.html">Detailing Hale-Bopp</a><br>
May 07 1997: <a href="ap970507.html">Ultraviolet Venus</a><br>
May 06 1997: <a href="ap970506.html">NGC4039: Starbirth and Galaxy Death</a><br>
May 05 1997: <a href="ap970505.html">Sunset with Hale-Bopp at Keck</a><br>
May 04 1997: <a href="ap970504.html">The Last Moon Shot</a><br>
May 03 1997: <a href="ap970503.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Galaxy Images</a><br>
May 02 1997: <a href="ap970502.html">X-Rays From IC 443</a><br>
May 01 1997: <a href="ap970501.html">A Galactic Cloud of Antimatter</a><br>
April 30 1997: <a href="ap970430.html">Milky Way Molecule Map</a><br>
April 29 1997: <a href="ap970429.html">Hale-Bopp and Orion</a><br>
April 28 1997: <a href="ap970428.html">Io's Sodium Cloud</a><br>
April 27 1997: <a href="ap970427.html">Sputnik: Traveling Companion</a><br>
April 26 1997: <a href="ap970426.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
April 25 1997: <a href="ap970425.html">Hale-Bopp Polarized</a><br>
April 24 1997: <a href="ap970424.html">The Frothy Milky Way</a><br>
April 23 1997: <a href="ap970423.html">Antila: A New Galactic Neighbor</a><br>
April 22 1997: <a href="ap970422.html">Historic Optical Flash Fades</a><br>
April 21 1997: <a href="ap970421.html">Big Sky Comet</a><br>
April 20 1997: <a href="ap970420.html">Moon Robot: Lunokhod 1</a><br>
April 19 1997: <a href="ap970419.html">Spiral Galaxy M83</a><br>
April 18 1997: <a href="ap970418.html">Solar Storm Causes X-Ray Aurora</a><br>
April 17 1997: <a href="ap970417.html">Pwyll: Icy Crater of Europa</a><br>
April 16 1997: <a href="ap970416.html">Hale-Bopp's Tail</a><br>
April 15 1997: <a href="ap970415.html">Hale-Bopp and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer</a><br>
April 14 1997: <a href="ap970414.html">Hale-Bopp's Hoods</a><br>
April 13 1997: <a href="ap970413.html">Jets from SS433</a><br>
April 12 1997: <a href="ap970412.html">Arecibo: The Largest Telescope</a><br>
April 11 1997: <a href="ap970411.html">The Sun Puffs</a><br>
April 10 1997: <a href="ap970410.html">Europa's Ice Rafts</a><br>
April 09 1997: <a href="ap970409.html">Oceans Under Jupiter's Europa</a><br>
April 08 1997: <a href="ap970408.html">Hale-Bopp Over New York City</a><br>
April 07 1997: <a href="ap970407.html">GRB970228: What's There?</a><br>
April 06 1997: <a href="ap970406.html">Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone</a><br>
April 05 1997: <a href="ap970405.html">A Black Hole in M87?</a><br>
April 04 1997: <a href="ap970404.html">Hale-Bopp in Stereo</a><br>
April 03 1997: <a href="ap970403.html">Earth, Clouds, Sky, Comet</a><br>
April 02 1997: <a href="ap970402.html">A Complete Aurora</a><br>
April 01 1997: <a href="ap970401.html">Hale-Bopp and Andromeda</a><br>
March 31 1997: <a href="ap970331.html">NGC 3242: The 'Ghost of Jupiter' Planetary Nebula</a><br>
March 30 1997: <a href="ap970330.html">Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
March 29 1997: <a href="ap970329.html">The Closest Galaxy: The Sagittarius Dwarf</a><br>
March 28 1997: <a href="ap970328.html">A Comet In The Sky</a><br>
March 27 1997: <a href="ap970327.html">Comet Country</a><br>
March 26 1997: <a href="ap970326.html">The City Comet</a><br>
March 25 1997: <a href="ap970325.html">Hale-Bopp Brightest Comet This Century</a><br>
March 24 1997: <a href="ap970324.html">The Weather on Mars</a><br>
March 23 1997: <a href="ap970323.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
March 22 1997: <a href="ap970322.html">M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy</a><br>
March 21 1997: <a href="ap970321.html">Io's Surface: Under Construction</a><br>
March 20 1997: <a href="ap970320.html">Springtime Comet Fever</a><br>
March 19 1997: <a href="ap970319.html">Gamma Ray Burster</a><br>
March 18 1997: <a href="ap970318.html">X-Ray Pleiades</a><br>
March 17 1997: <a href="ap970317.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass</a><br>
March 16 1997: <a href="ap970316.html">Water World</a><br>
March 15 1997: <a href="ap970315.html">The Milky Way's Centre</a><br>
March 14 1997: <a href="ap970314.html">Comet Hale-Bopp's Developing Tails</a><br>
March 13 1997: <a href="ap970313.html">Hale-Bopp Brightest Comet This Decade</a><br>
March 12 1997: <a href="ap970312.html">Saturn in Colour</a><br>
March 11 1997: <a href="ap970311.html">Jupiter: The Great Yellow Spot</a><br>
March 10 1997: <a href="ap970310.html">Jupiter: At The Belt-Zone Boundary</a><br>
March 09 1997: <a href="ap970309.html">COBE Hotspots:The Oldest Structures Known</a><br>
March 08 1997: <a href="ap970308.html">COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
March 07 1997: <a href="ap970307.html">Hale-Bopp Enters the Evening Sky</a><br>
March 06 1997: <a href="ap970306.html">Hubble Floats Free</a><br>
March 05 1997: <a href="ap970305.html">In the Centre of NGC 604</a><br>
March 04 1997: <a href="ap970304.html">Solar Wind And Milky Way</a><br>
March 03 1997: <a href="ap970303.html">Pioneer 10: The First 6 Billion Miles</a><br>
March 02 1997: <a href="ap970302.html">Hawaii</a><br>
March 01 1997: <a href="ap970301.html">Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges</a><br>
February 28 1997: <a href="ap970228.html">Edge-On Spiral Galaxy NGC 891</a><br>
February 27 1997: <a href="ap970227.html">Comet Hale-Bopp is That Bright</a><br>
February 26 1997: <a href="ap970226.html">Sungrazer</a><br>
February 25 1997: <a href="ap970225.html">Star Wars in NGC 664</a><br>
February 24 1997: <a href="ap970224.html">The Trail of the Intruder</a><br>
February 23 1997: <a href="ap970223.html">Cartwheel of Fortune</a><br>
February 22 1997: <a href="ap970222.html">The Gamma Ray Sky</a><br>
February 21 1997: <a href="ap970221.html">New Eyes for the Hubble Space Telescope</a><br>
February 20 1997: <a href="ap970220.html">Comet Hale-Bopp and the Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
February 19 1997: <a href="ap970219.html">Mizar Binary Star</a><br>
February 18 1997: <a href="ap970218.html">A Big Cliff On Jupiter's Callisto</a><br>
February 17 1997: <a href="ap970217.html">A Wind From The Sun</a><br>
February 16 1997: <a href="ap970216.html">Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse</a><br>
February 15 1997: <a href="ap970215.html">Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula</a><br>
February 14 1997: <a href="ap970214.html">NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster</a><br>
February 13 1997: <a href="ap970213.html">More Jets From Comet Hale-Bopp</a><br>
February 12 1997: <a href="ap970212.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Develops a Tail</a><br>
February 11 1997: <a href="ap970211.html">Space Walz</a><br>
February 10 1997: <a href="ap970210.html">The Gamma Ray Moon</a><br>
February 09 1997: <a href="ap970209.html">The Deep Field</a><br>
February 08 1997: <a href="ap970208.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
February 07 1997: <a href="ap970207.html">M1: Filaments of the Crab Nebula</a><br>
February 06 1997: <a href="ap970206.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Returns</a><br>
February 05 1997: <a href="ap970205.html">Running Red Rings Around Jupiter</a><br>
February 04 1997: <a href="ap970204.html">Clyde W. Tombaugh: 1906-1997</a><br>
February 03 1997: <a href="ap970203.html">Stars Without Galaxies</a><br>
February 02 1997: <a href="ap970202.html">Standing on the Moon</a><br>
February 01 1997: <a href="ap970201.html">Catching Falling Stardust</a><br>
January 31 1997: <a href="ap970131.html">Hamlet of Oberon</a><br>
January 30 1997: <a href="ap970130.html">Earth's Temperature</a><br>
January 29 1997: <a href="ap970129.html">NGC 869 & NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster</a><br>
January 28 1997: <a href="ap970128.html">Open Cluster M50</a><br>
January 27 1997: <a href="ap970127.html">A Prominent Solar Prominence</a><br>
January 26 1997: <a href="ap970126.html">Aurora and Orion</a><br>
January 25 1997: <a href="ap970125.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
January 24 1997: <a href="ap970124.html">Supernova 1987a Fireball Resolved</a><br>
January 23 1997: <a href="ap970123.html">Twistin' by the Lagoon</a><br>
January 22 1997: <a href="ap970122.html">Galaxy Cluster A2199</a><br>
January 21 1997: <a href="ap970121.html">Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy</a><br>
January 20 1997: <a href="ap970120.html">Earth Nears Asteroid Toutatis</a><br>
January 19 1997: <a href="ap970119.html">From Eagle's EGGs A Star Is Born</a><br>
January 18 1997: <a href="ap970118.html">M16: Nebula With Star Cluster</a><br>
January 17 1997: <a href="ap970117.html">Europa: The Latest From Galileo</a><br>
January 16 1997: <a href="ap970116.html">Trapezium: Teardrops in My Skies</a><br>
January 15 1997: <a href="ap970115.html">Black Hole Signature From Advective Disks</a><br>
January 14 1997: <a href="ap970114.html">Black Holes and Galactic Centres</a><br>
January 13 1997: <a href="ap970113.html">Sunspots: Magnetic Depressions</a><br>
January 12 1997: <a href="ap970112.html">Mercury in Stereo: Craters Within Craters</a><br>
January 11 1997: <a href="ap970111.html">Titania's Trenches</a><br>
January 10 1997: <a href="ap970110.html">Eclipsed Moon in Infrared</a><br>
January 09 1997: <a href="ap970109.html">Hazing Jupiter</a><br>
January 08 1997: <a href="ap970108.html">Grey Sun Seething</a><br>
January 07 1997: <a href="ap970107.html">Red Sun Streaming</a><br>
January 06 1997: <a href="ap970106.html">Blue Sun Glaring</a><br>
January 05 1997: <a href="ap970105.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
January 04 1997: <a href="ap970104.html">A Star Where Photons Orbit</a><br>
January 03 1997: <a href="ap970103.html">A Wolf-Rayet Star Blows Bubbles</a><br>
January 02 1997: <a href="ap970102.html">Bubbles and Arcs in NGC 2359</a><br>
January 01 1997: <a href="ap970101.html">Aurora Over Circle, Alaska</a><br>
December 31 1996: <a href="ap961231.html">Io Rotating</a><br>
December 30 1996: <a href="ap961230.html">X-Ray Earth</a><br>
December 29 1996: <a href="ap961229.html">Dark Bok Globules in IC 2944</a><br>
December 28 1996: <a href="ap961228.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
December 27 1996: <a href="ap961227.html">HET: The New Largest Optical Telescope</a><br>
December 26 1996: <a href="ap961226.html">Carl Sagan 1934-1996</a><br>
December 25 1996: <a href="ap961225.html">An Earth Ornament</a><br>
December 24 1996: <a href="ap961224.html">A Mirry Christmas</a><br>
December 23 1996: <a href="ap961223.html">The Hills of Ganymede</a><br>
December 22 1996: <a href="ap961222.html">18 Miles From Deimos</a><br>
December 21 1996: <a href="ap961221.html">Sun and Winter Solstice 1996</a><br>
December 20 1996: <a href="ap961220.html">The UV SMC from UIT</a><br>
December 19 1996: <a href="ap961219.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Inbound</a><br>
December 18 1996: <a href="ap961218.html">A Sky Full Of Hydrogen</a><br>
December 17 1996: <a href="ap961217.html">Mariner's Mercury</a><br>
December 16 1996: <a href="ap961216.html">Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On</a><br>
December 15 1996: <a href="ap961215.html">Microlensing of the Einstein Cross</a><br>
December 14 1996: <a href="ap961214.html">Our Solar System from Voyager</a><br>
December 13 1996: <a href="ap961213.html">Disorder in Stephan's Quintet</a><br>
December 12 1996: <a href="ap961212.html">The Milky Way Through the Summer Triangle</a><br>
December 11 1996: <a href="ap961211.html">Starburst Ring in Galaxy NGC 1317</a><br>
December 10 1996: <a href="ap961210.html">Comet Halley's Nucleus</a><br>
December 09 1996: <a href="ap961209.html">Callisto Full Face</a><br>
December 08 1996: <a href="ap961208.html">Degas Ray Crater on Mercury</a><br>
December 07 1996: <a href="ap961207.html">Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion</a><br>
December 06 1996: <a href="ap961206.html">Globular Cluster M3</a><br>
December 05 1996: <a href="ap961205.html">Io's Giant Volcano Pele</a><br>
December 04 1996: <a href="ap961204.html">Ice at the Lunar South Pole</a><br>
December 03 1996: <a href="ap961203.html">Cocoon of a New White Dwarf</a><br>
December 02 1996: <a href="ap961202.html">Orion's Star Colours</a><br>
December 01 1996: <a href="ap961201.html">Star Trails in Northern Skies</a><br>
November 30 1996: <a href="ap961130.html">Aurora Astern</a><br>
November 29 1996: <a href="ap961129.html">Io: The Fissure King?</a><br>
November 28 1996: <a href="ap961128.html">Comet-like Clouds in the Cartwheel Galaxy</a><br>
November 27 1996: <a href="ap961127.html">Storm Clouds Over Jupiter</a><br>
November 26 1996: <a href="ap961126.html">The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz</a><br>
November 25 1996: <a href="ap961125.html">A Quasar Portrait Gallery</a><br>
November 24 1996: <a href="ap961124.html">Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3</a><br>
November 23 1996: <a href="ap961123.html">Gamma Ray Bursts from the Unknown</a><br>
November 22 1996: <a href="ap961122.html">Fliers Around the Blue Snowball Nebula</a><br>
November 21 1996: <a href="ap961121.html">The Blue Snowball Planetary Nebula</a><br>
November 20 1996: <a href="ap961120.html">Europa Full Face</a><br>
November 19 1996: <a href="ap961119.html">Fractal Interstellar Dust Up-Close</a><br>
November 18 1996: <a href="ap961118.html">Unusual M82: The Cigar Galaxy</a><br>
November 17 1996: <a href="ap961117.html">A Quasar in the Gamma Ray Sky</a><br>
November 16 1996: <a href="ap961116.html">The Leonid Meteor Shower (Tonight)</a><br>
November 15 1996: <a href="ap961115.html">Searching For Solar Systems</a><br>
November 14 1996: <a href="ap961114.html">Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star</a><br>
November 13 1996: <a href="ap961113.html">Seven Jets from Comet Hale-Bopp</a><br>
November 12 1996: <a href="ap961112.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Passes M14</a><br>
November 11 1996: <a href="ap961111.html">NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars</a><br>
November 10 1996: <a href="ap961110.html">Columbia Launches</a><br>
November 09 1996: <a href="ap961109.html">Surveyor Hops</a><br>
November 08 1996: <a href="ap961108.html">A Solar Corona Ejection</a><br>
November 07 1996: <a href="ap961107.html">Fields of Minerals on Ganymede</a><br>
November 06 1996: <a href="ap961106.html">Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4881 in Coma</a><br>
November 05 1996: <a href="ap961105.html">The Coma Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
November 04 1996: <a href="ap961104.html">The Martian Spring</a><br>
November 03 1996: <a href="ap961103.html">Surveyor Night Launch</a><br>
November 02 1996: <a href="ap961102.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 Almost Sideways</a><br>
November 01 1996: <a href="ap961101.html">Spiral Galaxy NGC 3628 Edge On</a><br>
October 31 1996: <a href="ap961031.html">The Barren Moon</a><br>
October 30 1996: <a href="ap961030.html">Grand Design Spiral Galaxy NGC 2997</a><br>
October 29 1996: <a href="ap961029.html">Io Full Face</a><br>
October 28 1996: <a href="ap961028.html">The Weather on Neptune</a><br>
October 27 1996: <a href="ap961027.html">Io's Active Volcanoes</a><br>
October 26 1996: <a href="ap961026.html">Mir Over New Zealand</a><br>
October 25 1996: <a href="ap961025.html">A Flyby View of Ganymede</a><br>
October 24 1996: <a href="ap961024.html">Starbirth in the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
October 23 1996: <a href="ap961023.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan (LMC)</a><br>
October 22 1996: <a href="ap961022.html">The Cracked Ice Plains of Europa</a><br>
October 21 1996: <a href="ap961021.html">Orionids Meteor Shower to Peak Tonight</a><br>
October 20 1996: <a href="ap961020.html">Surveyor Slides</a><br>
October 19 1996: <a href="ap961019.html">Lalande 21185: The Nearest Planetary System?</a><br>
October 18 1996: <a href="ap961018.html">Jupiter's Auroras</a><br>
October 17 1996: <a href="ap961017.html">Proplyds: Infant Solar Systems?</a><br>
October 16 1996: <a href="ap961016.html">SN 1006: Pieces of the Cosmic Ray Puzzle</a><br>
October 15 1996: <a href="ap961015.html">Phobos Over Mars</a><br>
October 14 1996: <a href="ap961014.html">Bright Stars, Dim Galaxy</a><br>
October 13 1996: <a href="ap961013.html">The Earth Also Rises</a><br>
October 12 1996: <a href="ap961012.html">The Water Vapor Channel</a><br>
October 11 1996: <a href="ap961011.html">The Double Nucleus of M31</a><br>
October 10 1996: <a href="ap961010.html">Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon</a><br>
October 09 1996: <a href="ap961009.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
October 08 1996: <a href="ap961008.html">ROSAT Explores the X-Ray Sky</a><br>
October 07 1996: <a href="ap961007.html">Io's Shadow</a><br>
October 06 1996: <a href="ap961006.html">A Crescent Earth At Midnight</a><br>
October 05 1996: <a href="ap961005.html">A Close-Up of the Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
October 04 1996: <a href="ap961004.html">Globular Cluster Omega Centauri</a><br>
October 03 1996: <a href="ap961003.html">Three Views of Jupiter's Io</a><br>
October 02 1996: <a href="ap961002.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
October 01 1996: <a href="ap961001.html">BATSE's Biggest Gamma Ray Burst (Yet)</a><br>
September 30 1996: <a href="ap960930.html">Exploring The Universe With IUE 1978-1996</a><br>
September 29 1996: <a href="ap960929.html">The X-Ray Moon</a><br>
September 28 1996: <a href="ap960928.html">A Soyuz at Mir</a><br>
September 27 1996: <a href="ap960927.html">Welcome Home Shannon Lucid</a><br>
September 26 1996: <a href="ap960926.html">Tonight: A Total Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
September 25 1996: <a href="ap960925.html">Bright Stars and Dark Clouds</a><br>
September 24 1996: <a href="ap960924.html">Beneath Venus' Clouds</a><br>
September 23 1996: <a href="ap960923.html">Venus: Earth's Cloudy Twin</a><br>
September 22 1996: <a href="ap960922.html">The Equal Night</a><br>
September 21 1996: <a href="ap960921.html">The Ecliptic Plane</a><br>
September 20 1996: <a href="ap960920.html">Hurricane Fran's Approach
</a><br>
September 19 1996: <a href="ap960919.html">The Moon and All the Crashes</a><br>
September 18 1996: <a href="ap960918.html">Stars in the Infrared Sky</a><br>
September 17 1996: <a href="ap960917.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Fades</a><br>
September 16 1996: <a href="ap960916.html">The Sun Erupts</a><br>
September 15 1996: <a href="ap960915.html">Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky</a><br>
September 14 1996: <a href="ap960914.html">Aristarchus' Unbelievable Discoveries </a><br>
September 13 1996: <a href="ap960913.html">Southwest Mercury</a><br>
September 12 1996: <a href="ap960912.html">Mercury: A Cratered Inferno</a><br>
September 11 1996: <a href="ap960911.html">In the Centre of Spiral M77</a><br>
September 10 1996: <a href="ap960910.html">M77: Spiral with a Strange Glow </a><br>
September 09 1996: <a href="ap960909.html">The High Energy Crab Nebula </a><br>
September 08 1996: <a href="ap960908.html">Volcano Euboea Fluctus On Io </a><br>
September 07 1996: <a href="ap960907.html">Two Billion Years After the Big Bang</a><br>
September 06 1996: <a href="ap960906.html">The Largest Impact Crater </a><br>
September 05 1996: <a href="ap960905.html">Watch Galaxies Form </a><br>
September 04 1996: <a href="ap960904.html">IRTF: Scanning the Infrared Skies</a><br>
September 03 1996: <a href="ap960903.html">The Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
September 02 1996: <a href="ap960902.html">Sirius: The Brightest Star in the Night</a><br>
September 01 1996: <a href="ap960901.html">VLT: A New Largest Optical Telescope</a><br>
August 31 1996: <a href="ap960831.html">Kepler Discovers How Planets Move</a><br>
August 30 1996: <a href="ap960830.html">Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope</a><br>
August 29 1996: <a href="ap960829.html">M17: The Majestic Swan Nebula</a><br>
August 28 1996: <a href="ap960828.html">NGC 5882: A Small Planetary Nebula</a><br>
August 27 1996: <a href="ap960827.html">Galileo Zooms in on Jupiter's Red Spot</a><br>
August 26 1996: <a href="ap960826.html">A Wolf-Rayet Star Bubble</a><br>
August 25 1996: <a href="ap960825.html">Luna 9: First Soft Lander</a><br>
August 24 1996: <a href="ap960824.html">Why Is QSO 1229+204 So Bright?</a><br>
August 23 1996: <a href="ap960823.html">NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster</a><br>
August 22 1996: <a href="ap960822.html">Arp 230: Two Spirals in One?</a><br>
August 21 1996: <a href="ap960821.html">A Close-Up of the Lagoon's Hourglass</a><br>
August 20 1996: <a href="ap960820.html">A Close-Up of the Lagoon Nebula</a><br>
August 19 1996: <a href="ap960819.html">Welcome to Planet Earth</a><br>
August 18 1996: <a href="ap960818.html">A Milestone Quasar</a><br>
August 17 1996: <a href="ap960817.html">A Meteorite From Mars</a><br>
August 16 1996: <a href="ap960816.html">NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery in M33</a><br>
August 15 1996: <a href="ap960815.html">Galileo Views Io Eruption</a><br>
August 14 1996: <a href="ap960814.html">Galileo Explores Europa</a><br>
August 13 1996: <a href="ap960813.html">Europa's Surface</a><br>
August 12 1996: <a href="ap960812.html">Leo Triplet Spiral Galaxy M65</a><br>
August 11 1996: <a href="ap960811.html">The Snake Nebula in Ophiuchus</a><br>
August 10 1996: <a href="ap960810.html">Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66</a><br>
August 09 1996: <a href="ap960809.html">The Perseid Meteor Shower</a><br>
August 08 1996: <a href="ap960808.html">Pictured: An Ancient Martian?</a><br>
August 07 1996: <a href="ap960807.html">Early Microscopic Life on Mars?</a><br>
August 06 1996: <a href="ap960806.html">Europa: Oceans of Life?</a><br>
August 05 1996: <a href="ap960805.html">Erupting Volcanoes on Io</a><br>
August 04 1996: <a href="ap960804.html">NGC 3393: A Super Spiral?</a><br>
August 03 1996: <a href="ap960803.html">Jupiter's Colourful Clouds</a><br>
August 02 1996: <a href="ap960802.html">Galileo, Cassini, and the Great Red Spot</a><br>
August 01 1996: <a href="ap960801.html">The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
July 31 1996: <a href="ap960731.html">A Violet Moon</a><br>
July 30 1996: <a href="ap960730.html">Tonight: A Blue Moon</a><br>
July 29 1996: <a href="ap960729.html">A Dust Jet From Hale-Bopp</a><br>
July 28 1996: <a href="ap960728.html">Huck Finn's New Sky View</a><br>
July 27 1996: <a href="ap960727.html">Driving to the Sun</a><br>
July 26 1996: <a href="ap960726.html">The Cygnus Loop</a><br>
July 25 1996: <a href="ap960725.html">Hale-Bopp on Schedule</a><br>
July 24 1996: <a href="ap960724.html">COMPTEL Explores The Radioactive Sky</a><br>
July 23 1996: <a href="ap960723.html">Hale-Bopp, Jupiter, and the Milky Way</a><br>
July 22 1996: <a href="ap960722.html">Utopia on Mars</a><br>
July 21 1996: <a href="ap960721.html">The Eagle Soars</a><br>
July 20 1996: <a href="ap960720.html">20 Years Ago: Vikings on Mars</a><br>
July 19 1996: <a href="ap960719.html">Galileo's First Colour Image of Io</a><br>
July 18 1996: <a href="ap960718.html">Nebulosity in Sagittarius</a><br>
July 17 1996: <a href="ap960717.html">Looking Down on Saturn</a><br>
July 16 1996: <a href="ap960716.html">A Portrait of Saturn from Titan</a><br>
July 15 1996: <a href="ap960715.html">Keck: The Largest Optical Telescope</a><br>
July 14 1996: <a href="ap960714.html">M81 in True Colour</a><br>
July 13 1996: <a href="ap960713.html">M81: A Bulging Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
July 12 1996: <a href="ap960712.html">Ancient Cratered Plains on Ganymede</a><br>
July 11 1996: <a href="ap960711.html">Ganymede: A Really Groovy Moon</a><br>
July 10 1996: <a href="ap960710.html">Galileo Photographs Ganymede</a><br>
July 09 1996: <a href="ap960709.html">M74: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy</a><br>
July 08 1996: <a href="ap960708.html">M33: The Triangulum Galaxy</a><br>
July 07 1996: <a href="ap960707.html">Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System</a><br>
July 06 1996: <a href="ap960706.html">Edmund Halley's Greatest Discoveries</a><br>
July 05 1996: <a href="ap960705.html">The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987a</a><br>
July 04 1996: <a href="ap960704.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula (Revisited)</a><br>
July 03 1996: <a href="ap960703.html">Superbubbles in the LMC</a><br>
July 02 1996: <a href="ap960702.html">NASA's Latest Rockets: X-33</a><br>
July 01 1996: <a href="ap960701.html">Worlds of a Distant Sun: 47 Ursae Majoris b</a><br>
June 30 1996: <a href="ap960630.html">Greetings from the Pioneers</a><br>
June 29 1996: <a href="ap960629.html">The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle</a><br>
June 28 1996: <a href="ap960628.html">A Distant Galaxy in the Deep Field</a><br>
June 27 1996: <a href="ap960627.html">Voyager's Preview of Galileo at Ganymede</a><br>
June 26 1996: <a href="ap960626.html">Happy Birthday Charles Messier: M1</a><br>
June 25 1996: <a href="ap960625.html">A Star Forming Region in the LMC</a><br>
June 24 1996: <a href="ap960624.html">A View from Venus: Rift Valley</a><br>
June 23 1996: <a href="ap960623.html">Tycho's Supernova Remnant in X-ray</a><br>
June 22 1996: <a href="ap960622.html">North to the Moon's Pole</a><br>
June 21 1996: <a href="ap960621.html">A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes</a><br>
June 20 1996: <a href="ap960620.html">Apollo Sunrise</a><br>
June 19 1996: <a href="ap960619.html">Aurora: Curtains in the Sky</a><br>
June 18 1996: <a href="ap960618.html">Seven Sisters Versus California</a><br>
June 17 1996: <a href="ap960617.html">The United States at Night</a><br>
June 16 1996: <a href="ap960616.html">APOD is One Year Old Today</a><br>
June 15 1996: <a href="ap960615.html">Walking in Space</a><br>
June 14 1996: <a href="ap960614.html">Floating Free in Space</a><br>
June 13 1996: <a href="ap960613.html">Vela Supernova Remnant in Optical</a><br>
June 12 1996: <a href="ap960612.html">Vela Supernova Remnant in X-ray</a><br>
June 11 1996: <a href="ap960611.html">Doomed Star Eta Carinae</a><br>
June 10 1996: <a href="ap960610.html">Ultraviolet Earth</a><br>
June 09 1996: <a href="ap960609.html">Blasting Off From the Moon</a><br>
June 08 1996: <a href="ap960608.html">The First Lunar Observatory</a><br>
June 07 1996: <a href="ap960607.html">Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater</a><br>
June 06 1996: <a href="ap960606.html">The North America Nebula</a><br>
June 05 1996: <a href="ap960605.html">Sagittarius and the Central Milky Way</a><br>
June 04 1996: <a href="ap960604.html">Impact! 65 Million Years Ago</a><br>
June 03 1996: <a href="ap960603.html">Mir Dreams</a><br>
June 02 1996: <a href="ap960602.html">6 Up 5 Down</a><br>
June 01 1996: <a href="ap960601.html">The Iron Moon</a><br>
May 31 1996: <a href="ap960531.html">The Pulsar Powered Crab</a><br>
May 30 1996: <a href="ap960530.html">Sunshine, Earthshine at the Lunar Limb</a><br>
May 29 1996: <a href="ap960529.html">The COMPTEL Gamma-Ray Sky</a><br>
May 28 1996: <a href="ap960528.html">The Pipe Dark Nebula</a><br>
May 27 1996: <a href="ap960527.html">Aurora Crown the Earth</a><br>
May 26 1996: <a href="ap960526.html">Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System</a><br>
May 25 1996: <a href="ap960525.html">The Shuttle Launches an Inflatable Antenna</a><br>
May 24 1996: <a href="ap960524.html">In the Centre of 30 Doradus</a><br>
May 23 1996: <a href="ap960523.html">Stellar Violence in 30 Doradus</a><br>
May 22 1996: <a href="ap960522.html">Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula</a><br>
May 21 1996: <a href="ap960521.html">The Iron Sun</a><br>
May 20 1996: <a href="ap960520.html">Helios Helium</a><br>
May 19 1996: <a href="ap960519.html">Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Leo I</a><br>
May 18 1996: <a href="ap960518.html">The Sun Today</a><br>
May 17 1996: <a href="ap960517.html">Comet Hyakutake and a Solar Flare</a><br>
May 16 1996: <a href="ap960516.html">Comet Hyakutake Passes the Sun</a><br>
May 15 1996: <a href="ap960515.html">The Milky Way Near the Northern Cross</a><br>
May 14 1996: <a href="ap960514.html">Hubble's Constant And The Expanding Universe (II)</a><br>
May 13 1996: <a href="ap960513.html">Hubble's Constant And The Expanding Universe (I)</a><br>
May 12 1996: <a href="ap960512.html">Tracking Saturn's Moons</a><br>
May 11 1996: <a href="ap960511.html">Sunlight Through Saturn's Rings</a><br>
May 10 1996: <a href="ap960510.html">Henize 70: A SuperBubble In The LMC</a><br>
May 09 1996: <a href="ap960509.html">Supernova Remnant: Cooking Elements In The LMC</a><br>
May 08 1996: <a href="ap960508.html">Neptune's Great Dark Spot: Gone But Not Forgotten</a><br>
May 07 1996: <a href="ap960507.html">The Clouds of Neptune</a><br>
May 06 1996: <a href="ap960506.html">Southern Lights and Shuttle Glow</a><br>
May 05 1996: <a href="ap960505.html">Planet Near a Galaxy Core</a><br>
May 04 1996: <a href="ap960504.html">Astro-1 In Orbit</a><br>
May 03 1996: <a href="ap960503.html">The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross</a><br>
May 02 1996: <a href="ap960502.html">The Tails of Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
May 01 1996: <a href="ap960501.html">Comet Hyakutake and a Cactus</a><br>
April 30 1996: <a href="ap960430.html">Uranus' Ring System</a><br>
April 29 1996: <a href="ap960429.html">Saturn's Rings Seen Sideways</a><br>
April 28 1996: <a href="ap960428.html">The Sun Sets on Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
April 27 1996: <a href="ap960427.html">Apollo 14: Rickshaw Tracks Across the Moon</a><br>
April 26 1996: <a href="ap960426.html">A Giant Globular Cluster in M31</a><br>
April 25 1996: <a href="ap960425.html">In the Centre of the Whirlpool</a><br>
April 24 1996: <a href="ap960424.html">Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Galaxy Images</a><br>
April 23 1996: <a href="ap960423.html">Comet Hyakutake on a Starry Night</a><br>
April 22 1996: <a href="ap960422.html">At the Edge of the Helix</a><br>
April 21 1996: <a href="ap960421.html">A Supernova in the Whirpool</a><br>
April 20 1996: <a href="ap960420.html">Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation</a><br>
April 19 1996: <a href="ap960419.html">The Virgo Cluster: Hot Plasma and Dark Matter</a><br>
April 18 1996: <a href="ap960418.html">Hyakutake, Venus, Orion, and Pond</a><br>
April 17 1996: <a href="ap960417.html">NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula</a><br>
April 16 1996: <a href="ap960416.html">Cometary Knots in the Helix Nebula</a><br>
April 15 1996: <a href="ap960415.html">NASA Mission to MAP the Universe</a><br>
April 14 1996: <a href="ap960414.html">The Rotating Jets of Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
April 13 1996: <a href="ap960413.html">The Compton Observatory Turns Five</a><br>
April 12 1996: <a href="ap960412.html">Man Enters Space</a><br>
April 11 1996: <a href="ap960411.html">Unexpected X-rays from Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
April 10 1996: <a href="ap960410.html">Comet Hyakutake and a Tree</a><br>
April 09 1996: <a href="ap960409.html">A Spiral Galaxy Gallery</a><br>
April 08 1996: <a href="ap960408.html">Uranus's Moon Oberon: Impact World</a><br>
April 07 1996: <a href="ap960407.html">Uranus's Moon Umbriel: A Mysterious Dark World</a><br>
April 06 1996: <a href="ap960406.html">Andromeda Nebula: Var!</a><br>
April 05 1996: <a href="ap960405.html">The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
April 04 1996: <a href="ap960404.html">The Keyhole Nebula Near Eta Carinae</a><br>
April 03 1996: <a href="ap960403.html">A Lucky Lunar Eclipse</a><br>
April 02 1996: <a href="ap960402.html">Atlantis Approaches Mir</a><br>
April 01 1996: <a href="ap960401.html">Hyakutake, Big Dipper, and Observatory Dome</a><br>
March 31 1996: <a href="ap960331.html">Comet Hyakutake Finder Chart for Early April</a><br>
March 30 1996: <a href="ap960330.html">An Extreme UltraViolet View of the Comet</a><br>
March 29 1996: <a href="ap960329.html">The Colours of Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
March 28 1996: <a href="ap960328.html">Near the Nucleus of Hyakutake</a><br>
March 27 1996: <a href="ap960327.html">How Much is That Comet in the Window?</a><br>
March 26 1996: <a href="ap960326.html">What are Comet Tails Made Of?</a><br>
March 25 1996: <a href="ap960325.html">Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth</a><br>
March 24 1996: <a href="ap960324.html">Comet Hyakutake's Closest Approach</a><br>
March 23 1996: <a href="ap960323.html">Comet Hyakutake's Past and Future</a><br>
March 22 1996: <a href="ap960322.html">Where to See Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
March 21 1996: <a href="ap960321.html">Near Comet Hyakutake's Nucleus</a><br>
March 20 1996: <a href="ap960320.html">NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion</a><br>
March 19 1996: <a href="ap960319.html">The Ion Tail of Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
March 18 1996: <a href="ap960318.html">Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione</a><br>
March 17 1996: <a href="ap960317.html">Saturn's Cloud Tops</a><br>
March 16 1996: <a href="ap960316.html">Spiral Galaxy M90</a><br>
March 15 1996: <a href="ap960315.html">The McMath-Pierce Solar Observatory</a><br>
March 14 1996: <a href="ap960314.html">Comet Hyakutake's Orbit</a><br>
March 13 1996: <a href="ap960313.html">Here Comes Comet Hyakutake</a><br>
March 12 1996: <a href="ap960312.html">The Colourful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi</a><br>
March 11 1996: <a href="ap960311.html">Hubble Telescope Maps Pluto</a><br>
March 10 1996: <a href="ap960310.html">Mir is 10</a><br>
March 09 1996: <a href="ap960309.html">Arecibo: The Largest Telescope</a><br>
March 08 1996: <a href="ap960308.html">The 76 Meter Lovell Radio Telescope</a><br>
March 07 1996: <a href="ap960307.html">Rampaging Fronts of the Veil Nebula</a><br>
March 06 1996: <a href="ap960306.html">Jets From SS433</a><br>
March 05 1996: <a href="ap960305.html">A Black Hole in M87's Centre?</a><br>
March 04 1996: <a href="ap960304.html">Uranus' Largest Moon: Titania</a><br>
March 03 1996: <a href="ap960303.html">Uranus' Moon Ariel: Valley World</a><br>
March 02 1996: <a href="ap960302.html">Von Braun's Wheel</a><br>
March 01 1996: <a href="ap960301.html">A Mysterious Cone Nebula</a><br>
February 29 1996: <a href="ap960229.html">Julius Caesar and Leap Days</a><br>
February 28 1996: <a href="ap960228.html">Explosions Discovered Near Galactic Centre</a><br>
February 27 1996: <a href="ap960227.html">X-ray Moon and X-ray Star</a><br>
February 26 1996: <a href="ap960226.html">Fireball!</a><br>
February 25 1996: <a href="ap960225.html">A High Energy Fleet</a><br>
February 24 1996: <a href="ap960224.html">Tanks for the Lift</a><br>
February 23 1996: <a href="ap960223.html">Apollo 15: Driving on the Moon</a><br>
February 22 1996: <a href="ap960222.html">Apollo 15's Home on the Moon</a><br>
February 21 1996: <a href="ap960221.html">Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri</a><br>
February 20 1996: <a href="ap960220.html">ASCA X-Ray Observatory</a><br>
February 19 1996: <a href="ap960219.html">Periodic Comet Swift-Tuttle</a><br>
February 18 1996: <a href="ap960218.html">Abell 3627 in the Great Attractor</a><br>
February 17 1996: <a href="ap960217.html">Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe</a><br>
February 16 1996: <a href="ap960216.html">The Early Universe</a><br>
February 15 1996: <a href="ap960215.html">NEAR to an Asteroid</a><br>
February 14 1996: <a href="ap960214.html">NGC 2237: The Rosette Nebula</a><br>
February 13 1996: <a href="ap960213.html">7,000 Stars And The Milky Way</a><br>
February 12 1996: <a href="ap960212.html">Pluto Not Yet Explored</a><br>
February 11 1996: <a href="ap960211.html">Sputnik: The Traveling Companion</a><br>
February 10 1996: <a href="ap960210.html">The First Explorer</a><br>
February 09 1996: <a href="ap960209.html">The Eye of an Hourglass Nebula</a><br>
February 08 1996: <a href="ap960208.html">Hyakutake: The Great Comet of 1996?</a><br>
February 07 1996: <a href="ap960207.html">If You Could Stand on Mars</a><br>
February 06 1996: <a href="ap960206.html">COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known</a><br>
February 05 1996: <a href="ap960205.html">COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe</a><br>
February 04 1996: <a href="ap960204.html">The Closest Galaxy: The Sagittarius Dwarf</a><br>
February 03 1996: <a href="ap960203.html">A Huge Impact Crater on Mars</a><br>
February 02 1996: <a href="ap960202.html">A MACHO View of Galactic Dark Matter</a><br>
February 01 1996: <a href="ap960201.html">Lensing through Baade's Window</a><br>
January 31 1996: <a href="ap960131.html">Planets Around Sun-Like Stars</a><br>
January 30 1996: <a href="ap960130.html">70 Virginis b: A New Water Planet?</a><br>
January 29 1996: <a href="ap960129.html">Searchlight Beams from the Egg Nebula</a><br>
January 28 1996: <a href="ap960128.html">Orbiting Repairmen</a><br>
January 27 1996: <a href="ap960127.html">Open Cluster M8 in the Lagoon</a><br>
January 26 1996: <a href="ap960126.html">Quadrantids: Meteors in Perspective</a><br>
January 25 1996: <a href="ap960125.html">Catching Falling Stardust</a><br>
January 24 1996: <a href="ap960124.html">The Deep Field</a><br>
January 23 1996: <a href="ap960123.html">Beneath Jupiter's Clouds</a><br>
January 22 1996: <a href="ap960122.html">Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse</a><br>
January 21 1996: <a href="ap960121.html">Mercury's Faults</a><br>
January 20 1996: <a href="ap960120.html">Mercury's Caloris Basin</a><br>
January 19 1996: <a href="ap960119.html">The Dusty Disk of Beta Pic</a><br>
January 18 1996: <a href="ap960118.html">MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula</a><br>
January 17 1996: <a href="ap960117.html">NGC 7027: A Dying Star's Nebula</a><br>
January 16 1996: <a href="ap960116.html">Wild Duck Open Cluster M11</a><br>
January 15 1996: <a href="ap960115.html">The Dawn of the Clusters</a><br>
January 14 1996: <a href="ap960114.html">A Distant Cluster of Galaxies</a><br>
January 13 1996: <a href="ap960113.html">Lunokhod 1: Moon Robot</a><br>
January 12 1996: <a href="ap960112.html">Mare Orientale</a><br>
January 11 1996: <a href="ap960111.html">Lasers in Eta Carinae</a><br>
January 10 1996: <a href="ap960110.html">The Cepheids of M100</a><br>
January 09 1996: <a href="ap960109.html">M100 and the Expanding Universe</a><br>
January 08 1996: <a href="ap960108.html">Local Group Galaxy NGC 205</a><br>
January 07 1996: <a href="ap960107.html">Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone</a><br>
January 06 1996: <a href="ap960106.html">Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy M32</a><br>
January 05 1996: <a href="ap960105.html">The Toby Jug Nebula</a><br>
January 04 1996: <a href="ap960104.html">Symbiotic Star System R Aquarii</a><br>
January 03 1996: <a href="ap960103.html">The X-ray Timing Explorer</a><br>
January 02 1996: <a href="ap960102.html">The X-Ray Sky</a><br>
January 01 1996: <a href="ap960101.html">Shuttle Engine Blast</a><br>
December 31 1995: <a href="ap951231.html">The X-ray Sources of M31</a><br>
December 30 1995: <a href="ap951230.html">LMC X-1: A Black Hole Candidate</a><br>
December 29 1995: <a href="ap951229.html">NGC 4361: Galaxy Shaped Planetary Nebula</a><br>
December 28 1995: <a href="ap951228.html">NGC 6240: When Galaxies Collide</a><br>
December 27 1995: <a href="ap951227.html">Nova Cygni 1992</a><br>
December 26 1995: <a href="ap951226.html">Accretion Disk Binary System</a><br>
December 25 1995: <a href="ap951225.html">Earth Rise</a><br>
December 24 1995: <a href="ap951224.html">Uranus' Moon Miranda</a><br>
December 23 1995: <a href="ap951223.html">Prometheus, Pandora and Saturn's F Ring</a><br>
December 22 1995: <a href="ap951222.html">Summer at the South Pole</a><br>
December 21 1995: <a href="ap951221.html">Hot Stars in the Trifid Nebula</a><br>
December 20 1995: <a href="ap951220.html">A Galaxy Gravitational Lens</a><br>
December 19 1995: <a href="ap951219.html">Albert Einstein: 1879 - 1955 </a><br>
December 18 1995: <a href="ap951218.html">M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br>
December 17 1995: <a href="ap951217.html">The Space Shuttle Docks with Mir</a><br>
December 16 1995: <a href="ap951216.html">Hawaii</a><br>
December 15 1995: <a href="ap951215.html">M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy</a><br>
December 14 1995: <a href="ap951214.html">An Atlas Centaur Rocket Launches</a><br>
December 13 1995: <a href="ap951213.html">A Delta Rocket Launches</a><br>
December 12 1995: <a href="ap951212.html">Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula</a><br>
December 11 1995: <a href="ap951211.html">NGC 5189: A Strange Planetary Nebula</a><br>
December 10 1995: <a href="ap951210.html">Apollo 14 Deploys ALSEP</a><br>
December 09 1995: <a href="ap951209.html">Apollo 14 on the Moon</a><br>
December 08 1995: <a href="ap951208.html">Descent To Jupiter</a><br>
December 07 1995: <a href="ap951207.html">Galileo's Jupiter Probe</a><br>
December 06 1995: <a href="ap951206.html">24 Hours from Jupiter</a><br>
December 05 1995: <a href="ap951205.html">The Swirling Centre of NGC 4261</a><br>
December 04 1995: <a href="ap951204.html">GL 229B: An Elusive Brown Dwarf?</a><br>
December 03 1995: <a href="ap951203.html">An X-ray Hot Supernova in M81</a><br>
December 02 1995: <a href="ap951202.html">Lightning Below</a><br>
December 01 1995: <a href="ap951201.html">51 Pegasi: A New Planet Discovered</a><br>
November 30 1995: <a href="ap951130.html">NGC 2440 Nucleus: The Hottest Star?</a><br>
November 29 1995: <a href="ap951129.html">Releasing Compton</a><br>
November 28 1995: <a href="ap951128.html">Shadow at the Lunar South Pole</a><br>
November 27 1995: <a href="ap951127.html">Too Close to a Black Hole</a><br>
November 26 1995: <a href="ap951126.html">A Star Where Photons Orbit</a><br>
November 25 1995: <a href="ap951125.html">Saturn's Cleanest Moon: Enceladus</a><br>
November 24 1995: <a href="ap951124.html">Saturn's Moon Tethys</a><br>
November 23 1995: <a href="ap951123.html">M1: Polarization of the Crab</a><br>
November 22 1995: <a href="ap951122.html">M1: The Exploding Crab Nebula</a><br>
November 21 1995: <a href="ap951121.html">M42: Orion Nebula Mosaic</a><br>
November 20 1995: <a href="ap951120.html">At the Core of M15</a><br>
November 19 1995: <a href="ap951119.html">New York at Night</a><br>
November 18 1995: <a href="ap951118.html">Water World</a><br>
November 17 1995: <a href="ap951117.html">The Sun Also Rises</a><br>
November 16 1995: <a href="ap951116.html">Repairing Hubble</a><br>
November 15 1995: <a href="ap951115.html">A Quintet of Galaxies</a><br>
November 14 1995: <a href="ap951114.html">Aurora and Orion</a><br>
November 13 1995: <a href="ap951113.html">Virgo Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
November 12 1995: <a href="ap951112.html">Blue Jet Lightning</a><br>
November 11 1995: <a href="ap951111.html">Red Sprite Lightning</a><br>
November 10 1995: <a href="ap951110.html">Lightning and the Space Shuttle</a><br>
November 09 1995: <a href="ap951109.html">M104: The Sombrero Galaxy</a><br>
November 08 1995: <a href="ap951108.html">Simulating the Universe</a><br>
November 07 1995: <a href="ap951107.html">Eagle EGGs in M16</a><br>
November 06 1995: <a href="ap951106.html">M16: Stars Upon Pillars</a><br>
November 05 1995: <a href="ap951105.html">Vela Satellites: The Watchers</a><br>
November 04 1995: <a href="ap951104.html">Neptune's Moon Proteus</a><br>
November 03 1995: <a href="ap951103.html">Jupiter's Moon Amalthea</a><br>
November 02 1995: <a href="ap951102.html">The Red Rectangle</a><br>
November 01 1995: <a href="ap951101.html">M16: Dust and an Open Cluster</a><br>
October 31 1995: <a href="ap951031.html">A Halloween Invasion from Mars</a><br>
October 30 1995: <a href="ap951030.html">Comet Hale-Bopp Update</a><br>
October 29 1995: <a href="ap951029.html">Radioactive Clouds in the Milky Way</a><br>
October 28 1995: <a href="ap951028.html">The Delta Clipper</a><br>
October 27 1995: <a href="ap951027.html">The Tarantula and the Supernova</a><br>
October 26 1995: <a href="ap951026.html">Aurora Astern</a><br>
October 25 1995: <a href="ap951025.html">Painting with Solar Neutrons</a><br>
October 24 1995: <a href="ap951024.html">A Total Solar Eclipse</a><br>
October 23 1995: <a href="ap951023.html">Gamma-Ray Quasars</a><br>
October 22 1995: <a href="ap951022.html">A Quasar-Galaxy Collision?</a><br>
October 21 1995: <a href="ap951021.html">A Glimpse of Titan's Surface</a><br>
October 20 1995: <a href="ap951020.html">Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face</a><br>
October 19 1995: <a href="ap951019.html">Globular Cluster M5</a><br>
October 18 1995: <a href="ap951018.html">A Storm on Saturn</a><br>
October 17 1995: <a href="ap951017.html">Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges</a><br>
October 16 1995: <a href="ap951016.html">Starburst Galaxy M94</a><br>
October 15 1995: <a href="ap951015.html">Iapetus: Saturn's Disappearing Moon</a><br>
October 14 1995: <a href="ap951014.html">Rhea: Saturn's Second Largest Moon</a><br>
October 13 1995: <a href="ap951013.html">Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede's Shadow</a><br>
October 12 1995: <a href="ap951012.html">HH-47 Star Jet</a><br>
October 11 1995: <a href="ap951011.html">LMC Star Clouds</a><br>
October 10 1995: <a href="ap951010.html">Dione's Lagrange Moon Helene</a><br>
October 09 1995: <a href="ap951009.html">Saturn's Moon Dione</a><br>
October 08 1995: <a href="ap951008.html">Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3</a><br>
October 07 1995: <a href="ap951007.html">Apollo 12's Lunar Module Descends</a><br>
October 06 1995: <a href="ap951006.html">Dark Bok Globules in IC 2944</a><br>
October 05 1995: <a href="ap951005.html">CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule</a><br>
October 04 1995: <a href="ap951004.html">The Sun Spews X-rays</a><br>
October 03 1995: <a href="ap951003.html">Deimos: Small Martian Moon</a><br>
October 02 1995: <a href="ap951002.html">Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</a><br>
October 01 1995: <a href="ap951001.html">Central Galactic Star Bursts</a><br>
September 30 1995: <a href="ap950930.html">An Energetic Radio Galaxy</a><br>
September 29 1995: <a href="ap950929.html">The International Ultraviolet Explorer</a><br>
September 28 1995: <a href="ap950928.html">A Venusian Landscape</a><br>
September 27 1995: <a href="ap950927.html">A Venus Landing</a><br>
September 26 1995: <a href="ap950926.html">Star Trails in Southern Skies</a><br>
September 25 1995: <a href="ap950925.html">Orion's Horsehead Nebula</a><br>
September 24 1995: <a href="ap950924.html">Mimas: Small Moon with A Big Crater</a><br>
September 23 1995: <a href="ap950923.html">Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon</a><br>
September 22 1995: <a href="ap950922.html">Standing on the Moon</a><br>
September 21 1995: <a href="ap950921.html">One Small Step</a><br>
September 20 1995: <a href="ap950920.html">GL 105C: The Coolest Star?</a><br>
September 19 1995: <a href="ap950919.html">The Small Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
September 18 1995: <a href="ap950918.html">The Large Cloud of Magellan</a><br>
September 17 1995: <a href="ap950917.html">Thousands of Coma Cluster Galaxies</a><br>
September 16 1995: <a href="ap950916.html">Rockets and Robert Goddard</a><br>
September 15 1995: <a href="ap950915.html">Space Station Mir Over Earth</a><br>
September 14 1995: <a href="ap950914.html">The Far Side</a><br>
September 13 1995: <a href="ap950913.html">Elliptical Galaxy M87</a><br>
September 12 1995: <a href="ap950912.html">Spiral Galaxy M83</a><br>
September 11 1995: <a href="ap950911.html">Proplyds: Infant Solar Systems</a><br>
September 10 1995: <a href="ap950910.html">White Dwarfs Cool</a><br>
September 09 1995: <a href="ap950909.html">The Last Moon Shot</a><br>
September 08 1995: <a href="ap950908.html">The Milky Way's Centre</a><br>
September 07 1995: <a href="ap950907.html">Distant Galaxies</a><br>
September 06 1995: <a href="ap950906.html">Callisto: Dark Smashed Iceball</a><br>
September 05 1995: <a href="ap950905.html">Europa: Ancient Water World</a><br>
September 04 1995: <a href="ap950904.html">Ganymede: Moonquake World</a><br>
September 03 1995: <a href="ap950903.html">Earth's Moon, A Familiar Face</a><br>
September 02 1995: <a href="ap950902.html">Hot Gas and Dark Matter</a><br>
September 01 1995: <a href="ap950901.html">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910-1995</a><br>
August 31 1995: <a href="ap950831.html">X-Raying the Moon</a><br>
August 30 1995: <a href="ap950830.html">Skylab Over Earth</a><br>
August 29 1995: <a href="ap950829.html">Saturn V: NASA's Largest Rocket</a><br>
August 28 1995: <a href="ap950828.html">Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A</a><br>
August 27 1995: <a href="ap950827.html">Gamma Ray Bursts from the Unknown</a><br>
August 26 1995: <a href="ap950826.html">Two Tails of Comet West</a><br>
August 25 1995: <a href="ap950825.html">A World Explorer</a><br>
August 24 1995: <a href="ap950824.html">A Radar Image of Planet Earth</a><br>
August 23 1995: <a href="ap950823.html">A Venusian Tick</a><br>
August 22 1995: <a href="ap950822.html">Venus UnVeiled</a><br>
August 21 1995: <a href="ap950821.html">An Orbiting Iceberg</a><br>
August 20 1995: <a href="ap950820.html">Announcing Comet Hale-Bopp</a><br>
August 19 1995: <a href="ap950819.html">Our Solar System from Voyager</a><br>
August 18 1995: <a href="ap950818.html">Pluto: The Frozen Planet</a><br>
August 17 1995: <a href="ap950817.html">Neptune: Big Blue Giant</a><br>
August 16 1995: <a href="ap950816.html">Uranus: The Tilted Planet</a><br>
August 15 1995: <a href="ap950815.html">Venus: Earth's Sister Planet</a><br>
August 14 1995: <a href="ap950814.html">Mercury: Closest Planet to the Sun</a><br>
August 13 1995: <a href="ap950813.html">The Sun Erupts</a><br>
August 12 1995: <a href="ap950812.html">Atlantis Landing</a><br>
August 11 1995: <a href="ap950811.html">The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a><br>
August 10 1995: <a href="ap950810.html">The Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope</a><br>
August 09 1995: <a href="ap950809.html">Challenger Launches Spacelab 2</a><br>
August 08 1995: <a href="ap950808.html">Columbia Waits, Discovery Launches</a><br>
August 07 1995: <a href="ap950807.html">Night Launch of Endeavour</a><br>
August 06 1995: <a href="ap950806.html">Liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia</a><br>
August 05 1995: <a href="ap950805.html">Geysers on Triton</a><br>
August 04 1995: <a href="ap950804.html">Closeup of an Io Volcano</a><br>
August 03 1995: <a href="ap950803.html">Io: A Volcanic Moon</a><br>
August 02 1995: <a href="ap950802.html">Jupiter's Rings</a><br>
August 01 1995: <a href="ap950801.html">Crossing The Ring Plane</a><br>
July 31 1995: <a href="ap950731.html">Exploring Saturn's Rings</a><br>
July 30 1995: <a href="ap950730.html">The Rings of Saturn</a><br>
July 29 1995: <a href="ap950729.html">M27: The Dumbbell Nebula</a><br>
July 28 1995: <a href="ap950728.html">M82: An Irregular Galaxy</a><br>
July 27 1995: <a href="ap950727.html">M57: The Ring Nebula</a><br>
July 26 1995: <a href="ap950726.html">M15: A Great Globular Cluster</a><br>
July 25 1995: <a href="ap950725.html">M1: The Crab Nebula</a><br>
July 24 1995: <a href="ap950724.html">M31: The Andromeda Galaxy</a><br>
July 23 1995: <a href="ap950723.html">M20: The Trifid Nebula</a><br>
July 22 1995: <a href="ap950722.html">The Face on Mars</a><br>
July 21 1995: <a href="ap950721.html">The Search for Life on Mars</a><br>
July 20 1995: <a href="ap950720.html">The Grand Canyon of Mars</a><br>
July 19 1995: <a href="ap950719.html">The Mountains of Mars</a><br>
July 18 1995: <a href="ap950718.html">Cygnus Loop Supernova Shockwave</a><br>
July 17 1995: <a href="ap950717.html">Barsoom</a><br>
July 16 1995: <a href="ap950716.html">The Exploration of Mars</a><br>
July 15 1995: <a href="ap950715.html">The Crater Chain</a><br>
July 14 1995: <a href="ap950714.html">Comet Impacts on Jupiter</a><br>
July 13 1995: <a href="ap950713.html">A String Of Pearls</a><br>
July 12 1995: <a href="ap950712.html">Eta Carinae Before Explosion</a><br>
July 11 1995: <a href="ap950711.html">Microlensing of the Einstein Cross</a><br>
July 10 1995: <a href="ap950710.html">Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens</a><br>
July 09 1995: <a href="ap950709.html">A Meteoric View of Apollo 13</a><br>
July 08 1995: <a href="ap950708.html">Damage to Apollo 13</a><br>
July 07 1995: <a href="ap950707.html">Lunar Farside from Apollo 13</a><br>
July 06 1995: <a href="ap950706.html">Saturn, Rings, and Two Moons</a><br>
July 05 1995: <a href="ap950705.html">The Night Side of Saturn</a><br>
July 04 1995: <a href="ap950704.html">The Firework Nebula</a><br>
July 03 1995: <a href="ap950703.html">The Great Nebula in Orion</a><br>
July 02 1995: <a href="ap950702.html">The Cartwheel Galaxy</a><br>
July 01 1995: <a href="ap950701.html">The Hooker Telescope on Mt. Wilson</a><br>
June 30 1995: <a href="ap950630.html">Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon</a>
<br>
June 29 1995: <a href="ap950629.html">The Earth - Moon System</a><br>
June 28 1995: <a href="ap950628.html">The Cat's Eye Nebula</a><br>
June 27 1995: <a href="ap950627.html">An Ultraviolet Image of M101</a><br>
June 26 1995: <a href="ap950626.html">Spiral Galaxy M100</a><br>
June 25 1995: <a href="ap950625.html">Jupiter from Voyager</a><br>
June 24 1995: <a href="ap950624.html">Gamma Ray Crab, Geminga</a><br>
June 23 1995: <a href="ap950623.html">Gamma Ray Sky Map</a><br>
June 22 1995: <a href="ap950622.html">Earth from Apollo 17</a><br>
June 21 1995: <a href="ap950621.html">Supernova 1987a Aftermath</a><br>
June 20 1995: <a href="ap950620.html">Pleiades Star Cluster</a><br>
June 16 1995: <a href="ap950616.html">Neutron Star Earth</a><br>
</b>
<hr>
<CENTER>
<b> Authors & editors: </b>
<a href="http://www.mtu.edu/physics/department/faculty/
nemiroff/">Robert Nemiroff</a>
(<a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/">MTU</a>) and
<a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html">Jerry
Bonnell</a> (<a href="http://www.astro.umd.edu/">UMCP</a>)<br>
<b>NASA Technical Rep.: </b>Phillip Newman.
<a href="lib/about_apod.html#srapply">Specific rights apply</a>.<br>
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html">NASA Web
Privacy Policy and Important Notices</a><br>
<b>A service of:</b>
<a href="http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/">ASD</a>
at
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/">NASA</a>/
<a href="http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/">GSFC</a><br> <b>&:</b>
<a href="http://www.mtu.edu/">Michigan Tech. U.</a><br>
</CENTER>
</body>
</html>
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Astronomy Picture of the Day Archive
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**2023 December 27: [Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall](ap231227.html)
2023 December 26: [IC 443: The Jellyfish Nebula](ap231226.html)
2023 December 25: [Cathedral, Mountain, Moon](ap231225.html)
2023 December 24: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap231224.html)
2023 December 23: [A December Summer Night](ap231223.html)
2023 December 22: [183 Days in the Sun](ap231222.html)
2023 December 21: [Three Galaxies and a Comet](ap231221.html)
2023 December 20: [Ice Halos over Bavaria](ap231220.html)
2023 December 19: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap231219.html)
2023 December 18: [The Same Color Illusion](ap231218.html)
2023 December 17: [Geminids over China's Nianhu Lake](ap231217.html)
2023 December 16: [Crescent Enceladus](ap231216.html)
2023 December 15: [Betelgeuse Eclipsed](ap231215.html)
2023 December 14: [Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A](ap231214.html)
2023 December 13: [Deep Field: The Heart Nebula](ap231213.html)
2023 December 12: [Aurora and Milky Way over Norway](ap231212.html)
2023 December 11: [Solar Minimum versus Solar Maximum](ap231211.html)
2023 December 10: [Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain](ap231210.html)
2023 December 09: [Pic du Pleiades](ap231209.html)
2023 December 08: [Vega and Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks](ap231208.html)
2023 December 07: [Orion and the Ocean of Storms](ap231207.html)
2023 December 06: [Stars Verus Dust in the Carina Nebula](ap231206.html)
2023 December 05: [Energetic Particle Strikes the Earth](ap231205.html)
2023 December 04: [Plane Crossing Crescent Moon](ap231204.html)
2023 December 03: [Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano](ap231203.html)
2023 December 02: [Startrails over Beijing Ancient Observatory](ap231202.html)
2023 December 01: [Milky Way Rising](ap231201.html)
2023 November 30: [Artemis 1: Flight Day 13](ap231130.html)
2023 November 29: [A Landspout Tornado over Kansas](ap231129.html)
2023 November 28: [Ganymede from Juno](ap231128.html)
2023 November 27: [LBN 86: The Eagle Ray Nebula](ap231127.html)
2023 November 26: [A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P](ap231126.html)
2023 November 25: [Little Planet Aurora](ap231125.html)
2023 November 24: [Stereo Jupiter near Opposition](ap231124.html)
2023 November 23: [Along the Taurus Molecular Cloud](ap231123.html)
2023 November 22: [IC 342: Hidden Galaxy in Camelopardalis](ap231122.html)
2023 November 21: [Flemings Triangular Wisp](ap231121.html)
2023 November 20: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap231120.html)
2023 November 19: [Space Station, Solar Prominences, Sun](ap231119.html)
2023 November 18: [Planet Earth from Orion](ap231118.html)
2023 November 17: [Nightlights in Qeqertaq](ap231117.html)
2023 November 16: [Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star](ap231116.html)
2023 November 15: [M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab](ap231115.html)
2023 November 14: [Three Planets Rock](ap231114.html)
2023 November 13: [Andromeda over the Alps](ap231113.html)
2023 November 12: [Gibbous Moon beyond Swedish Mountain](ap231112.html)
2023 November 11: [The SAR Arc and the Milky Way](ap231111.html)
2023 November 10: [UHZ1: Distant Galaxy and Black Hole](ap231110.html)
2023 November 09: [M1: The Crab Nebula](ap231109.html)
2023 November 08: [Perseus Galaxy Cluster from Euclid](ap231108.html)
2023 November 07: [A Martian Dust Devil Spins By](ap231107.html)
2023 November 06: [Red Aurora over Italy](ap231106.html)
2023 November 05: [Creature Aurora Over Norway](ap231105.html)
2023 November 04: [Dinkinesh Moonrise](ap231104.html)
2023 November 03: [Jupiter by Moonlight](ap231103.html)
2023 November 02: [The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies](ap231102.html)
2023 November 01: [Annular Solar Eclipse over Utah](ap231101.html)
2023 October 31: [Halloween and the Wizard Nebula](ap231031.html)
2023 October 30: [Reflections of the Ghost Nebula](ap231030.html)
2023 October 29: [A Partial Lunar Eclipse](ap231029.html)
2023 October 28: [The Ghosts of Gamma Cas](ap231028.html)
2023 October 27: [Encke and the Tadpoles](ap231027.html)
2023 October 26: [Orionids in Taurus](ap231026.html)
2023 October 25: [Gone in 60 Seconds: A Green Flash Sunset](ap231025.html)
2023 October 24: [Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble](ap231024.html)
2023 October 23: [Moon Io from Spacecraft Juno](ap231023.html)
2023 October 22: [Ghost Aurora over Canada](ap231022.html)
2023 October 21: [Quarter Moons](ap231021.html)
2023 October 20: [Galaxies and a Comet](ap231020.html)
2023 October 19: [A Sunrise at Sunset Point](ap231019.html)
2023 October 18: [Dust and the Western Veil Nebula](ap231018.html)
2023 October 17: [PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons](ap231017.html)
2023 October 16: [Eclipse Rings](ap231016.html)
2023 October 15: [An Eclipse Tree](ap231015.html)
2023 October 14: [Circular Sun Halo](ap231014.html)
2023 October 13: [Hydrogen Clouds of M33](ap231013.html)
2023 October 12: [Mu Cephei](ap231012.html)
2023 October 11: [NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with Supernova](ap231011.html)
2023 October 10: [Hidden Orion from Webb](ap231010.html)
2023 October 09: [A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse](ap231009.html)
2023 October 08: [Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun](ap231008.html)
2023 October 07: [The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda](ap231007.html)
2023 October 06: [Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe](ap231006.html)
2023 October 05: [Ring of Fire over Monument Valley](ap231005.html)
2023 October 04: [IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula](ap231004.html)
2023 October 03: [MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula](ap231003.html)
2023 October 02: [Sprite Lightning in High Definition](ap231002.html)
2023 October 01: [A Desert Eclipse](ap231001.html)
2023 September 30: [A Harvest Moon over Tuscany](ap230930.html)
2023 September 29: [Back from Bennu](ap230929.html)
2023 September 28: [The Deep Lagoon](ap230928.html)
2023 September 27: [STEVE and Milky Way Cross over Rural Road](ap230927.html)
2023 September 26: [IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula](ap230926.html)
2023 September 25: [Arp 142: The Hummingbird Galaxy](ap230925.html)
2023 September 24: [A Ring of Fire Sunrise Solar Eclipse](ap230924.html)
2023 September 23: [Afternoon Analemma](ap230923.html)
2023 September 22: [Cosmos in Reflection](ap230922.html)
2023 September 21: [Tagging Bennu](ap230921.html)
2023 September 20: [Methane Discovered on Distant Exoplanet](ap230920.html)
2023 September 19: [HH 211: Jets from a Forming Star](ap230919.html)
2023 September 18: [The Red Sprite and the Tree](ap230918.html)
2023 September 17: [Moon Mountains Magnified during Ring of Fire Eclipse](ap230917.html)
2023 September 16: [Fireball over Iceland](ap230916.html)
2023 September 15: [Venus, Moon, and the Smoking Mountain](ap230915.html)
2023 September 14: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap230914.html)
2023 September 13: [NGC 4632: Galaxy with a Hidden Polar Ring](ap230913.html)
2023 September 12: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 370 and Beyond](ap230912.html)
2023 September 11: [Beautiful Comet Nishimura](ap230911.html)
2023 September 10: [An Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico](ap230910.html)
2023 September 09: [Comet Nishimura Grows](ap230909.html)
2023 September 08: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap230908.html)
2023 September 07: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap230907.html)
2023 September 06: [HESS Telescopes Explore the High Energy Sky](ap230906.html)
2023 September 05: [Blue Supermoon Beyond Syracuse](ap230905.html)
2023 September 04: [Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent](ap230904.html)
2023 September 03: [Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Fragments](ap230903.html)
2023 September 02: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap230902.html)
2023 September 01: [The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap230901.html)
2023 August 31: [The Crew 7 Nebula](ap230831.html)
2023 August 30: [Full Moons of August](ap230830.html)
2023 August 29: [Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66 from Webb](ap230829.html)
2023 August 28: [Star Formation in the Pacman Nebula](ap230828.html)
2023 August 27: [Three Galaxies and a Comet](ap230827.html)
2023 August 26: [Crescents of Venus](ap230826.html)
2023 August 25: [A Season of Saturn](ap230825.html)
2023 August 24: [Meteors along the Milky Way](ap230824.html)
2023 August 23: [The Meteor and the Galaxy](ap230823.html)
2023 August 22: [The Pistachio Nebula](ap230822.html)
2023 August 21: [Introducing Comet Nishimura](ap230821.html)
2023 August 20: [A Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin](ap230820.html)
2023 August 19: [Ringed Ice Giant Neptune](ap230819.html)
2023 August 18: [Northern Pluto](ap230818.html)
2023 August 17: [A Cosmic Zoo in Cepheus](ap230817.html)
2023 August 16: [Arp 93: A Cosmic Embrace](ap230816.html)
2023 August 15: [A Triply Glowing Night Sky over Iceland](ap230815.html)
2023 August 14: [The Ring Nebula from Webb](ap230814.html)
2023 August 13: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap230813.html)
2023 August 12: [Ghirigori: Star Scribbles](ap230812.html)
2023 August 11: [M51 in 255 Hours](ap230811.html)
2023 August 10: [Five Meters over Mars](ap230810.html)
2023 August 09: [Meteor Shower: Perseids from Perseus](ap230809.html)
2023 August 08: [Moon Meets Jupiter](ap230808.html)
2023 August 07: [The Pelican Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap230807.html)
2023 August 06: [SN 1006: A Supernova Ribbon from Hubble](ap230806.html)
2023 August 05: [NGC 1360: The Robin's Egg Nebula](ap230805.html)
2023 August 04: [Moonrays of August](ap230804.html)
2023 August 03: [The Falcon and the Redstone](ap230803.html)
2023 August 02: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap230802.html)
2023 August 01: [Monster Solar Prominence](ap230801.html)
2023 July 31: [Phobos over Mars](ap230731.html)
2023 July 30: [Spiral Aurora over Icelandic Divide](ap230730.html)
2023 July 29: [Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun](ap230729.html)
2023 July 28: [Young Stars, Stellar Jets](ap230728.html)
2023 July 27: [Galaxies in the River](ap230727.html)
2023 July 26: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap230726.html)
2023 July 25: [The Eagle Nebula with Xray Hot Stars](ap230725.html)
2023 July 24: [Chemicals Glow as a Meteor Disintegrates](ap230724.html)
2023 July 23: [The Antikythera Mechanism](ap230723.html)
2023 July 22: [Apollo 11: Armstrong's Lunar Selfie](ap230722.html)
2023 July 21: [Galactic Cirrus: Mandel Wilson 9](ap230721.html)
2023 July 20: [M64: The Black Eye Galaxy](ap230720.html)
2023 July 19: [Chandrayaan 3 Launches to the Moon](ap230719.html)
2023 July 18: [Milky Way above La Palma Observatory](ap230718.html)
2023 July 17: [Shells and Arcs around Star CW Leonis](ap230717.html)
2023 July 16: [Meteor and Milky Way over the Alps](ap230716.html)
2023 July 15: [Webb's First Deep Field](ap230715.html)
2023 July 14: [Comet C/2023 E1 ATLAS near Perihelion](ap230714.html)
2023 July 13: [Webb's Rho Ophiuchi](ap230713.html)
2023 July 12: [Rings and Bar of Spiral Galaxy NGC 1398](ap230712.html)
2023 July 11: [Sunspots on an Active Sun](ap230711.html)
2023 July 10: [Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559](ap230710.html)
2023 July 09: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap230709.html)
2023 July 08: [Stickney Crater](ap230708.html)
2023 July 07: [The Double Cluster in Perseus](ap230707.html)
2023 July 06: [Fireworks vs Supermoon](ap230706.html)
2023 July 05: [A Map of the Observable Universe](ap230705.html)
2023 July 04: [Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall](ap230704.html)
2023 July 03: [Venus in Ultraviolet from Akatsuki](ap230703.html)
2023 July 02: [Milky Way and Aurora over Antarctica](ap230702.html)
2023 July 01: [Three Galaxies in Draco](ap230701.html)
2023 June 30: [Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids](ap230630.html)
2023 June 29: [A Message from the Gravitational Universe](ap230629.html)
2023 June 28: [Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud](ap230628.html)
2023 June 27: [MAVEN's Ultraviolet Mars](ap230627.html)
2023 June 26: [The Belt of Venus over Mount Everest](ap230626.html)
2023 June 25: [Lightning on Jupiter](ap230625.html)
2023 June 24: [3D Ingenuity](ap230624.html)
2023 June 23: [Giant Galaxies in Pavo](ap230623.html)
2023 June 22: [Stars and Dust across Corona Australis](ap230622.html)
2023 June 21: [Three Sun Paths](ap230621.html)
2023 June 20: [The Nandu in the Milky Way](ap230620.html)
2023 June 19: [The Busy Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap230619.html)
2023 June 18: [Saturns Northern Hexagon](ap230618.html)
2023 June 17: [Planet Earth at Night II](ap230617.html)
2023 June 16: [Sunset to Sunrise over the Baltic Sea](ap230616.html)
2023 June 15: [M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster](ap230615.html)
2023 June 14: [The Shark Nebula](ap230614.html)
2023 June 13: [Moons Across Jupiter](ap230613.html)
2023 June 12: [The Largest Satellites of Earth](ap230612.html)
2023 June 11: [The Sun and Its Missing Colors](ap230611.html)
2023 June 10: [Mars and the Beehive](ap230610.html)
2023 June 09: [Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies](ap230609.html)
2023 June 08: [Elephant's Trunk and Caravan](ap230608.html)
2023 June 07: [M94: A Double Ring Galaxy](ap230607.html)
2023 June 06: [Star Eats Planet](ap230606.html)
2023 June 05: [In the Center of the Trifid Nebula](ap230605.html)
2023 June 04: [Color the Universe](ap230604.html)
2023 June 03: [Charon: Moon of Pluto](ap230603.html)
2023 June 02: [Messier 101](ap230602.html)
2023 June 01: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap230601.html)
2023 May 31: [Simulation: A Disk Galaxy Forms](ap230531.html)
2023 May 30: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap230530.html)
2023 May 29: [Milky Way over a Turquoise Wonderland](ap230529.html)
2023 May 28: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap230528.html)
2023 May 27: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap230527.html)
2023 May 26: [Virgo Cluster Galaxies](ap230526.html)
2023 May 25: [Cat's Eye Wide and Deep](ap230525.html)
2023 May 24: [Observatory Aligned with Moon Occulting Jupiter](ap230524.html)
2023 May 23: [Jupiter's Swirls from Juno](ap230523.html)
2023 May 22: [Supernova Discovered in Nearby Spiral Galaxy M101](ap230522.html)
2023 May 21: [Tardigrade in Moss](ap230521.html)
2023 May 20: [Galileo's Europa](ap230520.html)
2023 May 19: [Curly Spiral Galaxy M63](ap230519.html)
2023 May 18: [WR 134 Ring Nebula](ap230518.html)
2023 May 17: [Sunspot with Light Bridge](ap230517.html)
2023 May 16: [Total Eclipse: The Big Corona](ap230516.html)
2023 May 15: [M16: Eagle Nebula Deep Field](ap230515.html)
2023 May 14: [To Fly Free in Space](ap230514.html)
2023 May 13: [Apollo 17: The Crescent Earth](ap230513.html)
2023 May 12: [Halley Dust, Mars Dust, and Milky Way](ap230512.html)
2023 May 11: [Fomalhaut's Dusty Debris Disk](ap230511.html)
2023 May 10: [Milky Way over Egyptian Desert](ap230510.html)
2023 May 09: [Shadows of Earth](ap230509.html)
2023 May 08: [The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy](ap230508.html)
2023 May 07: [The Helix Nebula from CFHT](ap230507.html)
2023 May 06: [Twilight in a Flower](ap230506.html)
2023 May 05: [Shackleton from ShadowCam](ap230505.html)
2023 May 04: [The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole](ap230504.html)
2023 May 03: [Centaurus A: A Peculiar Island of Stars](ap230503.html)
2023 May 02: [Flat Rock Hills on Mars](ap230502.html)
2023 May 01: [Carina Nebula North](ap230501.html)
2023 April 30: [Saturn's Moon Helene in Color](ap230430.html)
2023 April 29: [Solar Eclipse from a Ship](ap230429.html)
2023 April 28: [Runaway Star Alpha Camelopardalis](ap230428.html)
2023 April 27: [The Tarantula Nebula from SuperBIT](ap230427.html)
2023 April 26: [The Moon through the Arc de Triomphe](ap230426.html)
2023 April 25: [Northern Lights over Southern Europe](ap230425.html)
2023 April 24: [The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant](ap230424.html)
2023 April 23: [A Waterspout in Florida](ap230423.html)
2023 April 22: [NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus](ap230422.html)
2023 April 21: [Solar Eclipse from Western Australia](ap230421.html)
2023 April 20: [The Dark Seahorse in Cepheus](ap230420.html)
2023 April 19: [Auroral Storm over Lapland](ap230419.html)
2023 April 18: [Map of Total Solar Eclipse Path in 2024 April](ap230418.html)
2023 April 17: [ELVES Lightning over Italy](ap230417.html)
2023 April 16: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap230416.html)
2023 April 15: [When Z is for Mars](ap230415.html)
2023 April 14: [Portrait of NGC 3628](ap230414.html)
2023 April 13: [NGC 2419: Intergalactic Wanderer](ap230413.html)
2023 April 12: [NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda](ap230412.html)
2023 April 11: [North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust](ap230411.html)
2023 April 10: [IC 2944: The Running Chicken Nebula](ap230410.html)
2023 April 09: [The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light](ap230409.html)
2023 April 08: [M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy](ap230408.html)
2023 April 07: [Rigel Wide](ap230407.html)
2023 April 06: [Terran 1 Burns Methalox](ap230406.html)
2023 April 05: [Rubin's Galaxy](ap230405.html)
2023 April 04: [Olympus Mons: Largest Volcano in the Solar System](ap230404.html)
2023 April 03: [The Galactic Center Radio Arc](ap230403.html)
2023 April 02: [M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble](ap230402.html)
2023 April 01: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap230401.html)
2023 March 31: [Seeing Titan](ap230331.html)
2023 March 30: [NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad](ap230330.html)
2023 March 29: [Sh2-308: A Dolphin Shaped Star Bubble](ap230329.html)
2023 March 28: [A Multiple Green Flash Sunset](ap230328.html)
2023 March 27: [Aurora Over Arctic Henge](ap230327.html)
2023 March 26: [Wanderers](ap230326.html)
2023 March 25: [Venus and the Da Vinci Glow](ap230325.html)
2023 March 24: [Outbound Comet ZTF](ap230324.html)
2023 March 23: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap230323.html)
2023 March 22: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap230322.html)
2023 March 21: [Dark Nebulae and Star Formation in Taurus](ap230321.html)
2023 March 20: [M1: The Expanding Crab Nebula](ap230320.html)
2023 March 19: [Equinox at the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent](ap230319.html)
2023 March 18: [Wolf Rayet 124](ap230318.html)
2023 March 17: [The Medusa Nebula](ap230317.html)
2023 March 16: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap230316.html)
2023 March 15: [Jupiter and Venus Converge over Germany](ap230315.html)
2023 March 14: [W5: The Soul Nebula](ap230314.html)
2023 March 13: [Rainbow Tree](ap230313.html)
2023 March 12: [Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap230312.html)
2023 March 11: [3D Bennu](ap230311.html)
2023 March 10: [Orion and the Running Man](ap230310.html)
2023 March 09: [DART vs Dimorphos](ap230309.html)
2023 March 08: [Artificial Night Sky Brightness](ap230308.html)
2023 March 07: [Deep Field: The Large Magellanic Cloud](ap230307.html)
2023 March 06: [Jupiter and Venus from Earth](ap230306.html)
2023 March 05: [Jupiter and Venus over Italy](ap230305.html)
2023 March 04: [10 Days of Venus and Jupiter](ap230304.html)
2023 March 03: [RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant](ap230303.html)
2023 March 02: [Unraveling NGC 3169](ap230302.html)
2023 March 01: [The Flaming Star Nebula](ap230301.html)
2023 February 28: [Crescent Moon Beyond Greek Temple](ap230228.html)
2023 February 27: [Zodiacal Ray with Venus and Jupiter](ap230227.html)
2023 February 26: [Saturns Iapetus: Moon with a Strange Surface](ap230226.html)
2023 February 25: [Crescent Moon Occultation](ap230225.html)
2023 February 24: [Jones Emberson 1](ap230224.html)
2023 February 23: [Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries](ap230223.html)
2023 February 22: [Our Increasingly Active Sun](ap230222.html)
2023 February 21: [Comet ZTF over Yosemite Falls](ap230221.html)
2023 February 20: [NGC 1850: Not Found in the Milky Way](ap230220.html)
2023 February 19: [Seven Dusty Sisters in Infrared](ap230219.html)
2023 February 18: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365 from Webb](ap230218.html)
2023 February 17: [2023 CX1 Meteor Flash](ap230217.html)
2023 February 16: [The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies](ap230216.html)
2023 February 15: [Airglow Sky over France](ap230215.html)
2023 February 14: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap230214.html)
2023 February 13: [Comet ZTF and Mars](ap230213.html)
2023 February 12: [Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska](ap230212.html)
2023 February 11: [Magellanic Clouds over Chile](ap230211.html)
2023 February 10: [ZTF meets ATLAS](ap230210.html)
2023 February 09: [Nacreous Clouds over Lapland](ap230209.html)
2023 February 08: [Stellar Wind Shaped Nebula RCW 58](ap230208.html)
2023 February 07: [A Comet and Two Dippers](ap230207.html)
2023 February 06: [In the Heart of the Rosette Nebula](ap230206.html)
2023 February 05: [Enceladus by Saturnshine](ap230205.html)
2023 February 04: [NGC 2626 along the Vela Molecular Ridge](ap230204.html)
2023 February 03: [Polaris and the Trail of Comet ZTF](ap230203.html)
2023 February 02: [Reflections on the 1970s](ap230202.html)
2023 February 01: [The Seventh World of Trappist 1](ap230201.html)
2023 January 31: [A Triple View of Comet ZTF](ap230131.html)
2023 January 30: [Globular Star Cluster NGC 6355 from Hubble](ap230130.html)
2023 January 29: [Barnard 68: Dark Molecular Cloud](ap230129.html)
2023 January 28: [Comet ZTF over Mount Etna](ap230128.html)
2023 January 27: [Comet ZTF: Orbital Plane Crossing](ap230127.html)
2023 January 26: [Active Galaxy NGC 1275](ap230126.html)
2023 January 25: [LDN 1622: The Boogeyman Nebula](ap230125.html)
2023 January 24: [LHS 475 b: Earth Sized Exoplanet](ap230124.html)
2023 January 23: [The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 274](ap230123.html)
2023 January 22: [In Green Company: Aurora over Norway](ap230122.html)
2023 January 21: [Naked-eye Comet ZTF](ap230121.html)
2023 January 20: [Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82](ap230120.html)
2023 January 19: [The Seagull Nebula](ap230119.html)
2023 January 18: [MACS0647: Gravitational Lensing of the Early Universe by Webb](ap230118.html)
2023 January 17: [Unexpected Clouds Toward the Andromeda Galaxy](ap230117.html)
2023 January 16: [Moon Enhanced](ap230116.html)
2023 January 15: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap230115.html)
2023 January 14: [Perihelion Sun 2023](ap230114.html)
2023 January 13: [Young Star Cluster NGC 346](ap230113.html)
2023 January 12: [Stardust in Perseus](ap230112.html)
2023 January 11: [Spiral Aurora over Iceland](ap230111.html)
2023 January 10: [NGC 2264: The Cone Nebula](ap230110.html)
2023 January 09: [Tails of Comet ZTF](ap230109.html)
2023 January 08: [Where Your Elements Came From](ap230108.html)
2023 January 07: [Space Stations in Low Earth Orbit](ap230107.html)
2023 January 06: [Moon O'Clock 2022](ap230106.html)
2023 January 05: [Messier 45: The Daughters of Atlas and Pleione](ap230105.html)
2023 January 04: [CG4: The Globule and the Galaxy](ap230104.html)
2023 January 03: [Kembles Cascade of Stars](ap230103.html)
2023 January 02: [After Sunset Planet Parade](ap230102.html)
2023 January 01: [The Largest Rock in our Solar System](ap230101.html)
2022 December 31: [Moon over Makemake](ap221231.html)
2022 December 30: [Mars and the Star Clusters](ap221230.html)
2022 December 29: [Horsehead and Flame](ap221229.html)
2022 December 28: [Messier 88](ap221228.html)
2022 December 27: [A Full Circle Rainbow over Norway](ap221227.html)
2022 December 26: [NGC 6164: Dragon's Egg Nebula and Halo](ap221226.html)
2022 December 25: [Geminids and the Mittens](ap221225.html)
2022 December 24: [Comet 2022 E3 ZTF](ap221224.html)
2022 December 23: [Cassini Looks Out from Saturn](ap221223.html)
2022 December 22: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap221222.html)
2022 December 21: [Sun Halo at Sixty-three Degrees North](ap221221.html)
2022 December 20: [Thor's Helmet](ap221220.html)
2022 December 19: [The Tadpole Nebula in Gas and Dust](ap221219.html)
2022 December 18: [The 25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky](ap221218.html)
2022 December 17: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap221217.html)
2022 December 16: [The Geminid](ap221216.html)
2022 December 15: [Full Moon, Full Mars](ap221215.html)
2022 December 14: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap221214.html)
2022 December 13: [An Artful Sky over Lofoten Islands](ap221213.html)
2022 December 12: [An Unusual Globule in IC 1396](ap221212.html)
2022 December 11: [Io in True Color](ap221211.html)
2022 December 10: [America and the Sea of Serenity](ap221210.html)
2022 December 09: [Mars Rises above the Lunar Limb](ap221209.html)
2022 December 08: [Orion and the Ocean of Storms](ap221208.html)
2022 December 07: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap221207.html)
2022 December 06: [M16: A Star Forming Pillar from Webb](ap221206.html)
2022 December 05: [Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster](ap221205.html)
2022 December 04: [Video: Powers of Ten](ap221204.html)
2022 December 03: [Stereo Mars near Opposition](ap221203.html)
2022 December 02: [Merging Galaxy Pair IIZw096](ap221202.html)
2022 December 01: [Artemis 1: Flight Day 13](ap221201.html)
2022 November 30: [The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty](ap221130.html)
2022 November 29: [The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant](ap221129.html)
2022 November 28: [Leonid Meteors Through Orion](ap221128.html)
2022 November 27: [Supernumerary Rainbows over New Jersey](ap221127.html)
2022 November 26: [Saturn at Night](ap221126.html)
2022 November 25: [NGC 6744: Extragalactic Close Up](ap221125.html)
2022 November 24: [Lynds Dark Nebula 1251](ap221124.html)
2022 November 23: [Earthset from Orion](ap221123.html)
2022 November 22: [A Double Star Cluster in Perseus](ap221122.html)
2022 November 21: [The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble](ap221121.html)
2022 November 20: [Airglow Ripples over Tibet](ap221120.html)
2022 November 19: [Artemis 1 Moonshot](ap221119.html)
2022 November 18: [The Protostar within L1527](ap221118.html)
2022 November 17: [Planet Earth from Orion](ap221117.html)
2022 November 16: [In the Arms of NGC 1097](ap221116.html)
2022 November 15: [Wolf's Cave Nebula](ap221115.html)
2022 November 14: [NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula](ap221114.html)
2022 November 13: [Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert](ap221113.html)
2022 November 12: [Eclipse in the City](ap221112.html)
2022 November 11: [Blood Moon, Ice Giant](ap221111.html)
2022 November 10: [Total Lunar Eclipse](ap221110.html)
2022 November 09: [The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding Wolf Rayet Star 18](ap221109.html)
2022 November 08: [Galaxies: Wilds Triplet from Hubble](ap221108.html)
2022 November 07: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan](ap221107.html)
2022 November 06: [Dark Ball in Inverted Starfield](ap221106.html)
2022 November 05: [Lunar Eclipse at the South Pole](ap221105.html)
2022 November 04: [InSight's Final Selfie](ap221104.html)
2022 November 03: [M33: The Triangulum Galaxy](ap221103.html)
2022 November 02: [A Partial Eclipse of an Active Sun](ap221102.html)
2022 November 01: [NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula](ap221101.html)
2022 October 31: [LDN 43: The Cosmic Bat Nebula](ap221031.html)
2022 October 30: [Night on a Spooky Planet](ap221030.html)
2022 October 29: [LDN 673: Dark Clouds in Aquila](ap221029.html)
2022 October 28: [Seven Years of Halley Dust](ap221028.html)
2022 October 27: [Sunset, Moonset, Taj Mahal](ap221027.html)
2022 October 26: [Cocoon Nebula Wide Field](ap221026.html)
2022 October 25: [Jupiter Rotates as Moons Orbit](ap221025.html)
2022 October 24: [Clouds Around Galaxy Andromeda](ap221024.html)
2022 October 23: [Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Australian Pinnacles](ap221023.html)
2022 October 22: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap221022.html)
2022 October 21: [Andromeda in Southern Skies](ap221021.html)
2022 October 20: [Pillars of Creation](ap221020.html)
2022 October 19: [A Galaxy Beyond Stars, Gas, Dust](ap221019.html)
2022 October 18: [Milky Way Auroral Flower](ap221018.html)
2022 October 17: [X-Ray Rings Around a Gamma Ray Burst](ap221017.html)
2022 October 16: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap221016.html)
2022 October 15: [GRB 221009A](ap221015.html)
2022 October 14: [The Falcon and the Hunter's Moon](ap221014.html)
2022 October 13: [Dust Shells around WR 140 from Webb](ap221013.html)
2022 October 12: [Ou4: The Giant Squid Nebula](ap221012.html)
2022 October 11: [Stars, Dust, Pillars, and Jets in the Pelican Nebula](ap221011.html)
2022 October 10: [A Double Lunar Analemma over Turkey](ap221010.html)
2022 October 09: [Auroras over Northern Canada](ap221009.html)
2022 October 08: [Two Comets in Southern Skies](ap221008.html)
2022 October 07: [In Ganymede's Shadow](ap221007.html)
2022 October 06: [NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy](ap221006.html)
2022 October 05: [Expanding Plume from DARTs Impact](ap221005.html)
2022 October 04: [Star Forming Eagle Nebula without Stars](ap221004.html)
2022 October 03: [Jupiter's Europa from Spacecraft Juno](ap221003.html)
2022 October 02: [Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002](ap221002.html)
2022 October 01: [Lunation Matrix](ap221001.html)
2022 September 30: [Equinox Sunrise Around the World](ap220930.html)
2022 September 29: [DART Asteroid Impact from Space](ap220929.html)
2022 September 28: [A Furious Sky over Mount Shasta](ap220928.html)
2022 September 27: [DART: Impact on Asteroid Dimorphos](ap220927.html)
2022 September 26: [All the Water on Planet Earth](ap220926.html)
2022 September 25: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap220925.html)
2022 September 24: [September Sunrise Shadows](ap220924.html)
2022 September 23: [Ringed Ice Giant Neptune](ap220923.html)
2022 September 22: [NGC 7331 Close Up](ap220922.html)
2022 September 21: [The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble](ap220921.html)
2022 September 20: [Star Forming Region NGC 3582 without Stars](ap220920.html)
2022 September 19: [Star Trails and Lightning over the Pyrenees](ap220919.html)
2022 September 18: [Analemma over the Callanish Stones](ap220918.html)
2022 September 17: [Perseverance in Jezero Crater s Delta](ap220917.html)
2022 September 16: [The Tarantula Zone](ap220916.html)
2022 September 15: [Harvest Moon over Sicily](ap220915.html)
2022 September 14: [Waves of the Great Lacerta Nebula](ap220914.html)
2022 September 13: [A Long Snaking Filament on the Sun](ap220913.html)
2022 September 12: [Red Sprite Lightning over the Czech Republic](ap220912.html)
2022 September 11: [Planets of the Solar System: Tilts and Spins](ap220911.html)
2022 September 10: [Galaxy by the Lake](ap220910.html)
2022 September 09: [Interstellar Voyager](ap220909.html)
2022 September 08: [North America and the Pelican](ap220908.html)
2022 September 07: [Tarantula Stars R136 from Webb](ap220907.html)
2022 September 06: [An Iridescent Pileus Cloud over China](ap220906.html)
2022 September 05: [Carina Cliffs from the Webb Space Telescope](ap220905.html)
2022 September 04: [Sea and Sky Glows over the Oregon Coast](ap220904.html)
2022 September 03: [Sun and Moon and ISS](ap220903.html)
2022 September 02: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap220902.html)
2022 September 01: [The Tulip and Cygnus X-1](ap220901.html)
2022 August 31: [Siccar Point on Mars](ap220831.html)
2022 August 30: [Jupiter from the Webb Space Telescope](ap220830.html)
2022 August 29: [The Horsehead Nebula Region without Stars](ap220829.html)
2022 August 28: [Perijove 11: Passing Jupiter](ap220828.html)
2022 August 27: [IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula](ap220827.html)
2022 August 26: [Little Planet South Pole](ap220826.html)
2022 August 25: [Tiangong Space Station Transits the Moon](ap220825.html)
2022 August 24: [The Cartwheel Galaxy from Webb](ap220824.html)
2022 August 23: [Meteor and Milky Way over the Mediterranean](ap220823.html)
2022 August 22: [Earth's Recent Climate Spiral](ap220822.html)
2022 August 21: [The Spinning Pulsar of the Crab Nebula](ap220821.html)
2022 August 20: [Stardust and Comet Tails](ap220820.html)
2022 August 19: [Saturn: 1993-2022](ap220819.html)
2022 August 18: [Full Moon Perseids](ap220818.html)
2022 August 17: [Stargate Milky Way](ap220817.html)
2022 August 16: [A Meteor Wind over Tunisia](ap220816.html)
2022 August 15: [The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation](ap220815.html)
2022 August 14: [4000 Exoplanets](ap220814.html)
2022 August 13: [Herschel Crater on Mimas](ap220813.html)
2022 August 12: [Portrait of the Eagle Nebula](ap220812.html)
2022 August 11: [Perseids and MAGIC](ap220811.html)
2022 August 10: [Dust Clouds of the Pacman Nebula](ap220810.html)
2022 August 09: [Leaving Earth](ap220809.html)
2022 August 08: [The Lagoon Nebula without Stars](ap220808.html)
2022 August 07: [Meteor before Galaxy](ap220807.html)
2022 August 06: [Stereo Phobos](ap220806.html)
2022 August 05: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap220805.html)
2022 August 04: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap220804.html)
2022 August 03: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap220803.html)
2022 August 02: [A Moon Dressed Like Saturn](ap220802.html)
2022 August 01: [Mountains of Dust in the Carina Nebula](ap220801.html)
2022 July 31: [Starburst Galaxy M94 from Hubble](ap220731.html)
2022 July 30: [The Eagle Rises](ap220730.html)
2022 July 29: [SOFIA s Southern Lights](ap220729.html)
2022 July 28: [North Celestial Tree](ap220728.html)
2022 July 27: [Crepuscular Moon Rays over Denmark](ap220727.html)
2022 July 26: [Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea](ap220726.html)
2022 July 25: [Find the New Moon](ap220725.html)
2022 July 24: [Saturn in Infrared from Cassini](ap220724.html)
2022 July 23: [Apollo 11 Landing Panorama](ap220723.html)
2022 July 22: [Spiral Galaxy M74: A Sharper View](ap220722.html)
2022 July 21: [Messier 10 and Comet](ap220721.html)
2022 July 20: [Jupiter and Ring in Infrared from Webb](ap220720.html)
2022 July 19: [Pleiades over Half Dome](ap220719.html)
2022 July 18: [Stephans Quintet from Webb, Hubble, and Subaru](ap220718.html)
2022 July 17: [Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1](ap220717.html)
2022 July 16: [Tycho and Clavius at Dawn](ap220716.html)
2022 July 15: [Lubovna Full Moon](ap220715.html)
2022 July 14: [Webb's Southern Ring Nebula](ap220714.html)
2022 July 13: [Webb's First Deep Field](ap220713.html)
2022 July 12: [Noctilucent Clouds over Paris](ap220712.html)
2022 July 11: [Andromeda over the Sahara Desert](ap220711.html)
2022 July 10: [In the Center of the Cat's Eye Nebula](ap220710.html)
2022 July 09: [Saturn and ISS](ap220709.html)
2022 July 08: [Roots on a Rotating Planet](ap220708.html)
2022 July 07: [The NGC 6914 Complex](ap220707.html)
2022 July 06: [Milky Way Motion in 3D from Gaia](ap220706.html)
2022 July 05: [A Molten Galaxy Einstein Ring Galaxy](ap220705.html)
2022 July 04: [Strawberry Supermoon Over Devil's Saddle](ap220704.html)
2022 July 03: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap220703.html)
2022 July 02: [Solargraphic Analemmas](ap220702.html)
2022 July 01: [The Solar System's Planet Trails](ap220701.html)
2022 June 30: [Comet C 2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)](ap220630.html)
2022 June 29: [Solar System Family Portrait](ap220629.html)
2022 June 28: [Mercury from Passing BepiColombo](ap220628.html)
2022 June 27: [The Gum Nebula over Snowy Mountains](ap220627.html)
2022 June 26: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap220626.html)
2022 June 25: [Planets of the Solar System](ap220625.html)
2022 June 24: [Filaprom on the Western Limb](ap220624.html)
2022 June 23: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744](ap220623.html)
2022 June 22: [Supernova Remnant: The Veil Nebula](ap220622.html)
2022 June 21: [Analemma over Taipei](ap220621.html)
2022 June 20: [Rock Fingers on Mars](ap220620.html)
2022 June 19: [Game: Super Planet Crash](ap220619.html)
2022 June 18: [The Gamma Cygni Nebula](ap220618.html)
2022 June 17: [Good Morning Planets from Chile](ap220617.html)
2022 June 16: [Strawberry Supermoon from China](ap220616.html)
2022 June 15: [In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster](ap220615.html)
2022 June 14: [Satellites Behind Pinnacles](ap220614.html)
2022 June 13: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy from Hubble](ap220613.html)
2022 June 12: [Find the Man in the Moon](ap220612.html)
2022 June 11: [The Road and the Milky Way](ap220611.html)
2022 June 10: [Arp 286: Trio in Virgo](ap220610.html)
2022 June 09: [Cosmic Clouds in Cygnus](ap220609.html)
2022 June 08: [Ship Tracks over the Pacific Ocean](ap220608.html)
2022 June 07: [NGC 6188: Dragons of Ara](ap220607.html)
2022 June 06: [Milky Way Galaxy Doomed: Collision with Andromeda Pending](ap220606.html)
2022 June 05: [Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75](ap220605.html)
2022 June 04: [Tau Herculids from Space](ap220604.html)
2022 June 03: [A 10,000 Kilometer Galactic Bridge](ap220603.html)
2022 June 02: [Lunar Occultation of Venus](ap220602.html)
2022 June 01: [Tau Herculid Meteors over Kitt Peak Telescopes](ap220601.html)
2022 May 31: [Rocket Transits Rippling Sun](ap220531.html)
2022 May 30: [Red Crepuscular Rays from an Eclipse](ap220530.html)
2022 May 29: [Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms](ap220529.html)
2022 May 28: [RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant](ap220528.html)
2022 May 27: [Titan: Moon over Saturn](ap220527.html)
2022 May 26: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap220526.html)
2022 May 25: [The Lively Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap220525.html)
2022 May 24: [A Deep Sky Behind an Eclipsed Moon](ap220524.html)
2022 May 23: [The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda](ap220523.html)
2022 May 22: [A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun](ap220522.html)
2022 May 21: [Planetary Nebula Abell 7](ap220521.html)
2022 May 20: [A View from Earth's Shadow](ap220520.html)
2022 May 19: [A Digital Lunar Eclipse](ap220519.html)
2022 May 18: [A Jewel on the Flower Moon](ap220518.html)
2022 May 17: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap220517.html)
2022 May 16: [Milky Way over French Alp Hoodoos](ap220516.html)
2022 May 15: [Colors of the Moon](ap220515.html)
2022 May 14: [Ice Halos by Moonlight](ap220514.html)
2022 May 13: [The Milky Way's Black Hole](ap220513.html)
2022 May 12: [Young Stars of NGC 346](ap220512.html)
2022 May 11: [Gravity's Grin](ap220511.html)
2022 May 10: [NGC 6334: The Cats Paw Nebula](ap220510.html)
2022 May 09: [A Martian Eclipse: Phobos Crosses the Sun](ap220509.html)
2022 May 08: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Inner Rings](ap220508.html)
2022 May 07: [Firefall by Moonlight](ap220507.html)
2022 May 06: [NGC 3572 and the Southern Tadpoles](ap220506.html)
2022 May 05: [NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble](ap220505.html)
2022 May 04: [Planets Over Egyptian Pyramid](ap220504.html)
2022 May 03: [Mercury's Sodium Tail](ap220503.html)
2022 May 02: [Partial Solar Eclipse over Argentina](ap220502.html)
2022 May 01: [First Horizon Scale Image of a Black Hole](ap220501.html)
2022 April 30: [M44: The Beehive Cluster](ap220430.html)
2022 April 29: [Portrait of NGC 3628](ap220429.html)
2022 April 28: [Lyrid of the Lake](ap220428.html)
2022 April 27: [Moon Shadow on Jupiter](ap220427.html)
2022 April 26: [Planet Parade over Sydney Opera House](ap220426.html)
2022 April 25: [The Great Nebula in Carina](ap220425.html)
2022 April 24: [Split the Universe](ap220424.html)
2022 April 23: [Messier 104](ap220423.html)
2022 April 22: [Planet Earth at Twilight](ap220422.html)
2022 April 21: [Apollo 16 Moon Panorama](ap220421.html)
2022 April 20: [Planet Line over New York Bridge](ap220420.html)
2022 April 19: [Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula](ap220419.html)
2022 April 18: [Stars and Planets over Portugal](ap220418.html)
2022 April 17: [Shuttle Over Earth](ap220417.html)
2022 April 16: [Orion Pines](ap220416.html)
2022 April 15: [The Gator Back Rocks of Mars](ap220415.html)
2022 April 14: [Messier 96](ap220414.html)
2022 April 13: [Milky Way over Devils Tower](ap220413.html)
2022 April 12: [N11: Star Clouds of the LMC](ap220412.html)
2022 April 11: [A Space Station Crosses a Busy Sun](ap220411.html)
2022 April 10: [Shadows at the Moons South Pole](ap220410.html)
2022 April 09: [Mars-Saturn Conjunction](ap220409.html)
2022 April 08: [Hale-Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997](ap220408.html)
2022 April 07: [Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud](ap220407.html)
2022 April 06: [Earendel: A Star in the Early Universe](ap220406.html)
2022 April 05: [Seven Sisters versus California](ap220405.html)
2022 April 04: [A Vortex Aurora over Iceland](ap220404.html)
2022 April 03: [CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap220403.html)
2022 April 02: [Nova Scotia Northern Lights](ap220402.html)
2022 April 01: [Leaning Tower, Active Sun](ap220401.html)
2022 March 31: [Exploring the Antennae](ap220331.html)
2022 March 30: [Animation: Odd Radio Circles](ap220330.html)
2022 March 29: [Venus and Mars: Passing in the Night](ap220329.html)
2022 March 28: [Gems of a Maldivean Night](ap220328.html)
2022 March 27: [Titan Seas Reflect Sunlight](ap220327.html)
2022 March 26: [Pluto at Night](ap220326.html)
2022 March 25: [The Medusa Nebula](ap220325.html)
2022 March 24: [Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries](ap220324.html)
2022 March 23: [The Bubble Nebula from Hubble](ap220323.html)
2022 March 22: [A Whale of an Aurora over Swedish Forest](ap220322.html)
2022 March 21: [The Sky in 2021](ap220321.html)
2022 March 20: [A Picturesque Equinox Sunset](ap220320.html)
2022 March 19: [2MASS J17554042 6551277](ap220319.html)
2022 March 18: [A Filament in Monoceros](ap220318.html)
2022 March 17: [Centaurus A](ap220317.html)
2022 March 16: [The Observable Universe](ap220316.html)
2022 March 15: [A Road to the Stars](ap220315.html)
2022 March 14: [Star Formation in the Eagle Nebula](ap220314.html)
2022 March 13: [Colorful Airglow Bands Surround Milky Way](ap220313.html)
2022 March 12: [Point Reyes Milky Way](ap220312.html)
2022 March 11: [When Rainbows Smile](ap220311.html)
2022 March 10: [Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc](ap220310.html)
2022 March 09: [A Flower Shaped Rock on Mars](ap220309.html)
2022 March 08: [Moon in Inverted Colors](ap220308.html)
2022 March 07: [A Lion in Orion](ap220307.html)
2022 March 06: [Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun](ap220306.html)
2022 March 05: [Interstellar Comet 2I Borisov](ap220305.html)
2022 March 04: [The Multiwavelength Crab](ap220304.html)
2022 March 03: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap220303.html)
2022 March 02: [Record Prominence Imaged by Solar Orbiter](ap220302.html)
2022 March 01: [Dueling Bands in the Night](ap220301.html)
2022 February 28: [Direct Projection: The Moon in My Hands](ap220228.html)
2022 February 27: [Earthrise 1: Historic Image Remastered](ap220227.html)
2022 February 26: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap220226.html)
2022 February 25: [Perseverance Sol 354](ap220225.html)
2022 February 24: [Beautiful Albireo AB](ap220224.html)
2022 February 23: [Orion over Green Bank](ap220223.html)
2022 February 22: [Illustration: An Early Quasar](ap220222.html)
2022 February 21: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 6217](ap220221.html)
2022 February 20: [Aurora Over White Dome Geyser](ap220220.html)
2022 February 19: [Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273](ap220219.html)
2022 February 18: [Three Clusters in Puppis](ap220218.html)
2022 February 17: [Chamaeleon I Molecular Cloud](ap220217.html)
2022 February 16: [Eiffel Tower Prominence on the Sun](ap220216.html)
2022 February 15: [Terminator Moon](ap220215.html)
2022 February 14: [In the Heart of the Heart Nebula](ap220214.html)
2022 February 13: [Earth at Night](ap220213.html)
2022 February 12: [Aurora by Moonlight](ap220212.html)
2022 February 11: [IC 342: The Hidden Galaxy in Camelopardalis](ap220211.html)
2022 February 10: [T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula](ap220210.html)
2022 February 09: [Eta Car: 3D Model of the Most Dangerous Star Known](ap220209.html)
2022 February 08: [Aurora and Light Pillars over Norway](ap220208.html)
2022 February 07: [NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy](ap220207.html)
2022 February 06: [Blue Marble Earth](ap220206.html)
2022 February 05: [Symbiotic R Aquarii](ap220205.html)
2022 February 04: [Moons at Twilight](ap220204.html)
2022 February 03: [Embraced by Sunlight](ap220203.html)
2022 February 02: [The Galactic Center in Radio from MeerKAT](ap220202.html)
2022 February 01: [Moon Phases 2022](ap220201.html)
2022 January 31: [Carina Nebula North](ap220131.html)
2022 January 30: [A Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap220130.html)
2022 January 29: [The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies](ap220129.html)
2022 January 28: [Western Moon, Eastern Sea](ap220128.html)
2022 January 27: [South of Orion](ap220127.html)
2022 January 26: [Stars, Dust, and Gas Near Antares](ap220126.html)
2022 January 25: [Video: Comet Leonard over One Hour](ap220125.html)
2022 January 24: [Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula](ap220124.html)
2022 January 23: [Saturn, Tethys, Rings, and Shadows](ap220123.html)
2022 January 22: [The Full Moon and the Dancer](ap220122.html)
2022 January 21: [Young Star Jet MHO 2147](ap220121.html)
2022 January 20: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap220120.html)
2022 January 19: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap220119.html)
2022 January 18: [From Orion to the Southern Cross](ap220118.html)
2022 January 17: [Chamaeleon Dark Nebulas](ap220117.html)
2022 January 16: [A Retreating Thunderstorm at Sunset](ap220116.html)
2022 January 15: [Galileo's Europa](ap220115.html)
2022 January 14: [NGC 1566: The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy](ap220114.html)
2022 January 13: [Supernova Remnant Simeis 147](ap220113.html)
2022 January 12: [Comet Leonard Closeup from Australia](ap220112.html)
2022 January 11: [Orions Belt Region in Gas and Dust](ap220111.html)
2022 January 10: [Comet Leonards Tail Wag](ap220110.html)
2022 January 09: [Hubbles Jupiter and the Shrinking Great Red Spot](ap220109.html)
2022 January 08: [Quadrantids of the North](ap220108.html)
2022 January 07: [Ecstatic Solar Eclipse](ap220107.html)
2022 January 06: [The Last Days of Venus as the Evening Star](ap220106.html)
2022 January 05: [A Year of Sunrises](ap220105.html)
2022 January 04: [Moons Beyond Rings at Saturn](ap220104.html)
2022 January 03: [Comet Leonards Long Tail](ap220103.html)
2022 January 02: [Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Winter Road](ap220102.html)
2022 January 01: [The Full Moon of 2021](ap220101.html)
2021 December 31: [JWST on the Road to L2](ap211231.html)
2021 December 30: [The Further Tail of Comet Leonard](ap211230.html)
2021 December 29: [Giant Storms and High Clouds on Jupiter](ap211229.html)
2021 December 28: [Sun Halo over Sweden](ap211228.html)
2021 December 27: [Comet Leonard behind JWST Launch Plume](ap211227.html)
2021 December 26: [James Webb Space Telescope over Earth](ap211226.html)
2021 December 25: [The Tail of a Christmas Comet](ap211225.html)
2021 December 24: [M1: The Crab Nebula](ap211224.html)
2021 December 23: [Three Planets and a Comet](ap211223.html)
2021 December 22: [Launch of the IXPE Observatory](ap211222.html)
2021 December 21: [Solstice Sun and Milky Way](ap211221.html)
2021 December 20: [The Comet and the Fireball](ap211220.html)
2021 December 19: [Planetary Alignment over Italy](ap211219.html)
2021 December 18: [Stephan s Quintet](ap211218.html)
2021 December 17: [Gemind of the North](ap211217.html)
2021 December 16: [Geminds of the South](ap211216.html)
2021 December 15: [Comet Leonard from Space](ap211215.html)
2021 December 14: [HH 666: Carina Dust Pillar with Jet](ap211214.html)
2021 December 13: [Meteors and Auroras over Iceland](ap211213.html)
2021 December 12: [Comet Leonard Before Star Cluster M3](ap211212.html)
2021 December 11: [Postcard from the South Pole](ap211211.html)
2021 December 10: [Eclipse on a Polar Day](ap211210.html)
2021 December 09: [A Total Eclipse of the Sun](ap211209.html)
2021 December 08: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap211208.html)
2021 December 07: [Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting](ap211207.html)
2021 December 06: [Space Station Silhouette on the Moon](ap211206.html)
2021 December 05: [Total Solar Eclipse Below the Bottom of the World](ap211205.html)
2021 December 04: [Iridescent by Moonlight](ap211204.html)
2021 December 03: [Comet Leonard and the Whale Galaxy](ap211203.html)
2021 December 02: [NGC 6822: Barnard s Galaxy](ap211202.html)
2021 December 01: [A Blue Banded Blood Moon](ap211201.html)
2021 November 30: [In Motion: Uranus and Moons](ap211130.html)
2021 November 29: [The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi](ap211129.html)
2021 November 28: [A High Cliff on Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap211128.html)
2021 November 27: [Messier 101](ap211127.html)
2021 November 26: [Great Refractor and Lunar Eclipse](ap211126.html)
2021 November 25: [At the Shadow's Edge](ap211125.html)
2021 November 24: [Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster](ap211124.html)
2021 November 23: [The Sun in X-rays from NuSTAR](ap211123.html)
2021 November 22: [Lunar Eclipse over a Skyscraper](ap211122.html)
2021 November 21: [Introducing Comet Leonard](ap211121.html)
2021 November 20: [An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse](ap211120.html)
2021 November 19: [NGC 281: Starless with Stars](ap211119.html)
2021 November 18: [Full Moonlight](ap211118.html)
2021 November 17: [NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap](ap211117.html)
2021 November 16: [Geminids from Gemini](ap211116.html)
2021 November 15: [Light Pillar over Volcanic Etna](ap211115.html)
2021 November 14: [How to Identify that Light in the Sky](ap211114.html)
2021 November 13: [Rosetta's Comet in Gemini](ap211113.html)
2021 November 12: [M33: The Triangulum Galaxy](ap211112.html)
2021 November 11: [NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus](ap211111.html)
2021 November 10: [Video of a Green Flash](ap211110.html)
2021 November 09: [All of These Space Images are Fake Except One](ap211109.html)
2021 November 08: [A Filament Leaps from the Sun](ap211108.html)
2021 November 07: [The Cat's Eye Nebula in Optical and X-ray](ap211107.html)
2021 November 06: [The Galaxy Between Two Friends](ap211106.html)
2021 November 05: [The Dark Seahorse in Cepheus](ap211105.html)
2021 November 04: [NGC 147 and NGC 185](ap211104.html)
2021 November 03: [The Horsehead and Flame Nebulas](ap211103.html)
2021 November 02: [SN Requiem: A Supernova Seen Three Times So Far](ap211102.html)
2021 November 01: [A Waterfall and the Milky Way](ap211101.html)
2021 October 31: [Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe](ap211031.html)
2021 October 30: [A Rorschach Aurora](ap211030.html)
2021 October 29: [Haunting the Cepheus Flare](ap211029.html)
2021 October 28: [Mirach' s Ghost](ap211028.html)
2021 October 27: [NGC 6995: The Bat Nebula](ap211027.html)
2021 October 26: [Jupiter Rotates](ap211026.html)
2021 October 25: [Road to the Galactic Center](ap211025.html)
2021 October 24: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap211024.html)
2021 October 23: [3D Bennu](ap211023.html)
2021 October 22: [A Comet and a Crab](ap211022.html)
2021 October 21: [SH2-308: The Dolphin-head Nebula](ap211021.html)
2021 October 20: [Lucy Launches to Eight Asteroids](ap211020.html)
2021 October 19: [Palomar 6: Globular Star Cluster](ap211019.html)
2021 October 18: [Earthshine Moon over Sicily](ap211018.html)
2021 October 17: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap211017.html)
2021 October 16: [The Moona Lisa](ap211016.html)
2021 October 15: [NGC 289: Swirl in the Southern Sky](ap211015.html)
2021 October 14: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap211014.html)
2021 October 13: [NGC 7822: Cosmic Question Mark](ap211013.html)
2021 October 12: [Fireball over Lake Louise](ap211012.html)
2021 October 11: [Juno Flyby of Ganymede and Jupiter](ap211011.html)
2021 October 10: [Full Moon Silhouettes](ap211010.html)
2021 October 09: [50 Light years to 51 Pegasi](ap211009.html)
2021 October 08: [The Double Cluster in Perseus](ap211008.html)
2021 October 07: [NGC 6559: East of the Lagoon](ap211007.html)
2021 October 06: [M43: Streams of Orion](ap211006.html)
2021 October 05: [Sunrise at the South Pole](ap211005.html)
2021 October 04: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap211004.html)
2021 October 03: [The Holographic Principle and a Teapot](ap211003.html)
2021 October 02: [A Light and Dusty Night](ap211002.html)
2021 October 01: [The Central Milky Way from Lagoon to Pipe](ap211001.html)
2021 September 30: [The Hydrogen Clouds of M33](ap210930.html)
2021 September 29: [Gigantic Jet Lightning from Puerto Rico](ap210929.html)
2021 September 28: [Night of the Perseids](ap210928.html)
2021 September 27: [Unwrapped: Five Decade Old Lunar Selfie](ap210927.html)
2021 September 26: [The Red Square Nebula](ap210926.html)
2021 September 25: [The Bubble and the Star Cluster](ap210925.html)
2021 September 24: [Perseid Outburst at Westmeath Lookout](ap210924.html)
2021 September 23: [Harvest Moon Trail](ap210923.html)
2021 September 22: [Equinox on a Spinning Earth](ap210922.html)
2021 September 21: [Sun Spot Hill](ap210921.html)
2021 September 20: [Lynds Dark Nebula](ap210920.html)
2021 September 19: [Rings and Seasons of Saturn](ap210919.html)
2021 September 18: [Rubin's Galaxy](ap210918.html)
2021 September 17: [Video: Flash on Jupiter](ap210917.html)
2021 September 16: [North America and the Pelican](ap210916.html)
2021 September 15: [Cyclone Paths on Planet Earth](ap210915.html)
2021 September 14: [Mars Panorama 360 from Curiosity](ap210914.html)
2021 September 13: [Night Sky Reflected](ap210913.html)
2021 September 12: [A Spiral Aurora over Iceland](ap210912.html)
2021 September 11: [Saturn at Night](ap210911.html)
2021 September 10: [Rosetta's Comet in View](ap210910.html)
2021 September 09: [M16 Close Up](ap210909.html)
2021 September 08: [The Deep Sky Toward Andromeda](ap210908.html)
2021 September 07: [NGC 520: Colliding Galaxies from Hubble](ap210907.html)
2021 September 06: [Firefly Milky Way over Russia](ap210906.html)
2021 September 05: [Earth and Moon](ap210905.html)
2021 September 04: [A Falcon 9 Nebula](ap210904.html)
2021 September 03: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap210903.html)
2021 September 02: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap210902.html)
2021 September 01: [Dancing Ghosts: Curved Jets from Active Galaxies](ap210901.html)
2021 August 31: [A Blue Moon in Exaggerated Colors](ap210831.html)
2021 August 30: [A Fire Rainbow over West Virginia](ap210830.html)
2021 August 29: [Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids](ap210829.html)
2021 August 28: [Mars Rock Rochette](ap210828.html)
2021 August 27: [Elephant's Trunk and Caravan](ap210827.html)
2021 August 26: [A Blue Hour Full Moon](ap210826.html)
2021 August 25: [Solar System Ball Drop](ap210825.html)
2021 August 24: [PDS 70: Disk, Planets, and Moons](ap210824.html)
2021 August 23: [Abell 3827: Cannibal Cluster Gravitational Lens](ap210823.html)
2021 August 22: [Explosions from White Dwarf Star RS Oph](ap210822.html)
2021 August 21: [Triple Transit and Mutual Events](ap210821.html)
2021 August 20: [Three Perseid Nights](ap210820.html)
2021 August 19: [Bright Meteor, Starry Sky](ap210819.html)
2021 August 18: [Rings Around the Ring Nebula](ap210818.html)
2021 August 17: [M57: The Ring Nebula from Hubble](ap210817.html)
2021 August 16: [Perseid Meteor, Red Sprites, and Nova RS Oph](ap210816.html)
2021 August 15: [Perseid Rain](ap210815.html)
2021 August 14: [Island Universe, Cosmic Sand](ap210814.html)
2021 August 13: [A Perfect Spiral](ap210813.html)
2021 August 12: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap210812.html)
2021 August 11: [Mammatus Clouds over Saskatchewan](ap210811.html)
2021 August 10: [Fire in Space](ap210810.html)
2021 August 09: [Perseus and the Lost Meteors](ap210809.html)
2021 August 08: [A Perseid Below](ap210808.html)
2021 August 07: [Jezero Crater: Raised Ridges in 3D](ap210807.html)
2021 August 06: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap210806.html)
2021 August 05: [Tycho and Clavius](ap210805.html)
2021 August 04: [EHT Resolves Central Jet from Black Hole in Cen A](ap210804.html)
2021 August 03: [A Perseid Meteor and the Milky Way](ap210803.html)
2021 August 02: [The Hubble Ultra Deep Field in Light and Sound](ap210802.html)
2021 August 01: [Pluto in Enhanced Color](ap210801.html)
2021 July 31: [Remembering NEOWISE](ap210731.html)
2021 July 30: [Mimas in Saturnlight](ap210730.html)
2021 July 29: [The Tulip and Cygnus X 1](ap210729.html)
2021 July 28: [Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741](ap210728.html)
2021 July 27: [Flemings Triangular Wisp](ap210727.html)
2021 July 26: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap210726.html)
2021 July 25: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap210725.html)
2021 July 24: [The Edge of Space](ap210724.html)
2021 July 23: [Elephant, Bat, and Squid](ap210723.html)
2021 July 22: [NGC 7814: Little Sombrero with Supernova](ap210722.html)
2021 July 21: [Colors: Ring Nebula versus Stars](ap210721.html)
2021 July 20: [Thor's Helmet](ap210720.html)
2021 July 19: [Framed by Trees: A Window to the Galaxy](ap210719.html)
2021 July 18: [The Andromeda Galaxy in Ultraviolet](ap210718.html)
2021 July 17: [Alphonsus and Arzachel](ap210717.html)
2021 July 16: [Love and War by Moonlight](ap210716.html)
2021 July 15: [The Dark Tower in Scorpius](ap210715.html)
2021 July 14: [GW200115: Simulation of a Black Hole Merging with a Neutron Star](ap210714.html)
2021 July 13: [Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon in 3D](ap210713.html)
2021 July 12: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap210712.html)
2021 July 11: [Find the Moon](ap210711.html)
2021 July 10: [Mercury and the Da Vinci Glow](ap210710.html)
2021 July 09: [M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind](ap210709.html)
2021 July 08: [Perihelion to Aphelion](ap210708.html)
2021 July 07: [Flight Through the Orion Nebula in Infrared Light](ap210707.html)
2021 July 06: [Saturn and Six Moons](ap210706.html)
2021 July 05: [IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula](ap210705.html)
2021 July 04: [The Face on Mars](ap210704.html)
2021 July 03: [Along the Milky Way](ap210703.html)
2021 July 02: [AR2835: Islands in the Photosphere](ap210702.html)
2021 July 01: [Perseverance Selfie with Ingenuity](ap210701.html)
2021 June 30: [Simulation: Formation of the First Stars](ap210630.html)
2021 June 29: [Orion Nebula: The Hubble View](ap210629.html)
2021 June 28: [A Paper Moon Solar Eclipse](ap210628.html)
2021 June 27: [The Dancing Auroras of Saturn](ap210627.html)
2021 June 26: [Pixels in the Sun](ap210626.html)
2021 June 25: [Andromeda in a Single Shot](ap210625.html)
2021 June 24: [Messier 99](ap210624.html)
2021 June 23: [STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation](ap210623.html)
2021 June 22: [HD 163296: Jet from a Star in Formation](ap210622.html)
2021 June 21: [The Tadpole Galaxy from Hubble](ap210621.html)
2021 June 20: [Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge](ap210620.html)
2021 June 19: [Northern Summer Twilight](ap210619.html)
2021 June 18: [Devil Horns from a Ring of Fire](ap210618.html)
2021 June 17: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap210617.html)
2021 June 16: [Scorpius Enhanced](ap210616.html)
2021 June 15: [Zhurong: New Rover on Mars](ap210615.html)
2021 June 14: [Ganymede from Juno](ap210614.html)
2021 June 13: [A Supercell Thunderstorm Over Texas](ap210613.html)
2021 June 12: [Eclipse on the Water](ap210612.html)
2021 June 11: [Eclipse Flyby](ap210611.html)
2021 June 10: [Circular Sun Halo](ap210610.html)
2021 June 09: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Corona](ap210609.html)
2021 June 08: [A Face in the Clouds of Jupiter from Juno](ap210608.html)
2021 June 07: [A Bright Nova in Cassiopeia](ap210607.html)
2021 June 06: [A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse](ap210606.html)
2021 June 05: [The Shining Clouds of Mars](ap210605.html)
2021 June 04: [Blood Monster Moon](ap210604.html)
2021 June 03: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap210603.html)
2021 June 02: [The Galactic Center in Stars, Gas, and Magnetism](ap210602.html)
2021 June 01: [Satellites over Orion](ap210601.html)
2021 May 31: [Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater](ap210531.html)
2021 May 30: [Aurora over Clouds](ap210530.html)
2021 May 29: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap210529.html)
2021 May 28: [Total Lunar Eclipse from Sydney](ap210528.html)
2021 May 27: [Mid Eclipse and Milky Way](ap210527.html)
2021 May 26: [The Outburst Clouds of Star AG Car](ap210526.html)
2021 May 25: [The Moon During a Total Lunar Eclipse](ap210525.html)
2021 May 24: [Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats](ap210524.html)
2021 May 23: [The Galaxy Tree](ap210523.html)
2021 May 22: [Markarian's Chain](ap210522.html)
2021 May 21: [Utopia on Mars](ap210521.html)
2021 May 20: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap210520.html)
2021 May 19: [The Jellyfish and Mars](ap210519.html)
2021 May 18: [Jets from the Necklace Nebula](ap210518.html)
2021 May 17: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap210517.html)
2021 May 16: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap210516.html)
2021 May 15: [The Southern Cliff in the Lagoon](ap210515.html)
2021 May 14: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap210514.html)
2021 May 13: [The Comet, the Whale, and the Hockey Stick](ap210513.html)
2021 May 12: [A Meteor and the Gegenschein](ap210512.html)
2021 May 11: [Lightning and Orion Beyond Uluru](ap210511.html)
2021 May 10: [Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158](ap210510.html)
2021 May 09: [Horsehead and Orion Nebulas](ap210509.html)
2021 May 08: [Deepscape at Yacoraite](ap210508.html)
2021 May 07: [Mercury-Redstone 3 Launch](ap210507.html)
2021 May 06: [Windblown NGC 3199](ap210506.html)
2021 May 05: [STEVE over Copper Harbor](ap210505.html)
2021 May 04: [Space Station, Solar Prominences, Sun](ap210504.html)
2021 May 03: [Apollo 11: Earth, Moon, Spaceship](ap210503.html)
2021 May 02: [Clouds of the Carina Nebula](ap210502.html)
2021 May 01: [Perseverance from Ingenuity](ap210501.html)
2021 April 30: [Pink and the Perigee Moon](ap210430.html)
2021 April 29: [Apollo 17: The Crescent Earth](ap210429.html)
2021 April 28: [North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust](ap210428.html)
2021 April 27: [Animation: Black Hole Star Shredder](ap210427.html)
2021 April 26: [A Sagittarius Triplet](ap210426.html)
2021 April 25: [Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula](ap210425.html)
2021 April 24: [Streak and Plume from SpaceX Crew2 Launch](ap210424.html)
2021 April 23: [Flying Over the Earth at Night II](ap210423.html)
2021 April 22: [Planet Earth at Twilight](ap210422.html)
2021 April 21: [Centaurus As Warped Magnetic Fields](ap210421.html)
2021 April 20: [Ingenuity: First Flight over Mars](ap210420.html)
2021 April 19: [The Galactic Center in Infrared](ap210419.html)
2021 April 18: [Rainbow Airglow over the Azores](ap210418.html)
2021 April 17: [Inside the Flame Nebula](ap210417.html)
2021 April 16: [The Doubly Warped World of Binary Black Holes](ap210416.html)
2021 April 15: [The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole](ap210415.html)
2021 April 14: [The Pencil Nebula Supernova Shock Wave](ap210414.html)
2021 April 13: [Confirmed Muon Wobble Remains Unexplained](ap210413.html)
2021 April 12: [Alnitak and the Flame Nebula](ap210412.html)
2021 April 11: [When Black Holes Collide](ap210411.html)
2021 April 10: [Zodiacal Night](ap210410.html)
2021 April 09: [Messier 106](ap210409.html)
2021 April 08: [3D Ingenuity](ap210408.html)
2021 April 07: [Threads of NGC 1947](ap210407.html)
2021 April 06: [Mars and the Pleiades Beyond Vinegar Hill](ap210406.html)
2021 April 05: [Veil Nebula: Wisps of an Exploded Star](ap210405.html)
2021 April 04: [In, Through, and Beyond Saturn's Rings](ap210404.html)
2021 April 03: [Ingenuity on Sol 39](ap210403.html)
2021 April 02: [NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble](ap210402.html)
2021 April 01: [Rocket Launch as Seen from the Space Station](ap210401.html)
2021 March 31: [M87's Central Black Hole in Polarized Light](ap210331.html)
2021 March 30: [Red Sprite Lightning over the Andes](ap210330.html)
2021 March 29: [M64: The Evil Eye Galaxy](ap210329.html)
2021 March 28: [SuitSat 1: A Spacesuit Floats Free](ap210328.html)
2021 March 27: [Exploring the Antennae](ap210327.html)
2021 March 26: [The Medusa Nebula](ap210326.html)
2021 March 25: [Curiosity: Sol 3048](ap210325.html)
2021 March 24: [Aurorae and Lightning on Jupiter](ap210324.html)
2021 March 23: [Mars over Duddo Stone Circle](ap210323.html)
2021 March 22: [From Auriga to Orion](ap210322.html)
2021 March 21: [The Antikythera Mechanism](ap210321.html)
2021 March 20: [The Leo Trio](ap210320.html)
2021 March 19: [Central Lagoon in Infrared](ap210319.html)
2021 March 18: [Stardust in the Perseus Molecular Cloud](ap210318.html)
2021 March 17: [The Surface of Venus from Venera 14](ap210317.html)
2021 March 16: [IC 1318: The Butterfly Nebula in Gas and Dust](ap210316.html)
2021 March 15: [Meteor Fireballs in Light and Sound](ap210315.html)
2021 March 14: [A Flag Shaped Aurora over Sweden](ap210314.html)
2021 March 13: [SuperCam Target on Maaz](ap210313.html)
2021 March 12: [Messier 81](ap210312.html)
2021 March 11: [Zodiacal Light and Mars](ap210311.html)
2021 March 10: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap210310.html)
2021 March 09: [Perseverance 360: Unusual Rocks and the Search for Life on Mars](ap210309.html)
2021 March 08: [Three Tails of Comet NEOWISE](ap210308.html)
2021 March 07: [Pillars of the Eagle Nebula in Infrared](ap210307.html)
2021 March 06: [Perseverance Takes a Spin](ap210306.html)
2021 March 05: [A Little Like Mars](ap210305.html)
2021 March 04: [Mars in Taurus](ap210304.html)
2021 March 03: [Stars over an Erupting Volcano](ap210303.html)
2021 March 02: [Ingenuity: A Mini Helicopter Now on Mars](ap210302.html)
2021 March 01: [The Pelican Nebula in Red and Blue](ap210301.html)
2021 February 28: [The Aurora Tree](ap210228.html)
2021 February 27: [Perseverance Landing Site from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter](ap210227.html)
2021 February 26: [Mars Perseverance Sol 3](ap210226.html)
2021 February 25: [A Venus Flyby](ap210225.html)
2021 February 24: [Spiral Galaxy M66 from Hubble](ap210224.html)
2021 February 23: [Video: Perseverance Landing on Mars](ap210223.html)
2021 February 22: [Moon Rising Between Starships](ap210222.html)
2021 February 21: [NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula](ap210221.html)
2021 February 20: [Perseverance: How to Land on Mars](ap210220.html)
2021 February 19: [Mars Perseverance Sol 0](ap210219.html)
2021 February 18: [Swiss Alps, Martian Sky](ap210218.html)
2021 February 17: [Sun Pillar with Upper Tangent Arc](ap210217.html)
2021 February 16: [Perseverance: Seven Minutes to Mars](ap210216.html)
2021 February 15: [Landing on Mars: Seven Minutes of Terror](ap210215.html)
2021 February 14: [Long Stem Rosette Nebula](ap210214.html)
2021 February 13: [Stereo Eros](ap210213.html)
2021 February 12: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1350](ap210212.html)
2021 February 11: [Cygnus Mosaic 2010 2020](ap210211.html)
2021 February 10: [Firing Lasers to Tame the Sky](ap210210.html)
2021 February 09: [Flashes of the Crab Pulsar](ap210209.html)
2021 February 08: [WR32 and Interstellar Clouds in Carina](ap210208.html)
2021 February 07: [Blue Straggler Stars in Globular Cluster M53](ap210207.html)
2021 February 06: [A Northern Winter Night](ap210206.html)
2021 February 05: [Apollo 14 Heads for Home](ap210205.html)
2021 February 04: [Apollo 14: A View from Antares](ap210204.html)
2021 February 03: [Found on the Moon: Candidate for Oldest Known Earth Rock](ap210203.html)
2021 February 02: [A Colorful Quadrantid Meteor](ap210202.html)
2021 February 01: [Lunar Halo over Snowy Trees](ap210201.html)
2021 January 31: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap210131.html)
2021 January 30: [Southern Sky at 38,000 Feet](ap210130.html)
2021 January 29: [North American Nightscape](ap210129.html)
2021 January 28: [Messier 66 Close Up](ap210128.html)
2021 January 27: [The Vertical Magnetic Field of NGC 5775](ap210127.html)
2021 January 26: [Central NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap210126.html)
2021 January 25: [Southern Cross over Chilean Volcano](ap210125.html)
2021 January 24: [Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap210124.html)
2021 January 23: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap210123.html)
2021 January 22: [The Milky Ring](ap210122.html)
2021 January 21: [M78 Wide Field](ap210121.html)
2021 January 20: [The Magnetic Field of the Whirlpool Galaxy](ap210120.html)
2021 January 19: [A Lunar Corona with Jupiter and Saturn](ap210119.html)
2021 January 18: [The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant](ap210118.html)
2021 January 17: [Jets from Unusual Galaxy Centaurus A](ap210117.html)
2021 January 16: [The Mountains of NGC 2174](ap210116.html)
2021 January 15: [A Plutonian Landscape](ap210115.html)
2021 January 14: [Aurora Slathers Up the Sky](ap210114.html)
2021 January 13: [Arches Across an Arctic Sky](ap210113.html)
2021 January 12: [A Historic Brazilian Constellation](ap210112.html)
2021 January 11: [Moon Phases in 2021](ap210111.html)
2021 January 10: [Star Cluster R136 Breaks Out](ap210110.html)
2021 January 09: [Titan: Moon over Saturn](ap210109.html)
2021 January 08: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap210108.html)
2021 January 07: [Total Solar Eclipse 2020](ap210107.html)
2021 January 06: [Striped Sand Dunes on Mars](ap210106.html)
2021 January 05: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap210105.html)
2021 January 04: [Sprite Lightning at 100000 Frames Per Second](ap210104.html)
2021 January 03: [A Phoenix Aurora over Iceland](ap210103.html)
2021 January 02: [21st Century Wet Collodion Moon](ap210102.html)
2021 January 01: [Galaxies and the South Celestial Pole](ap210101.html)
2020 December 31: [Trail of the Returner](ap201231.html)
2020 December 30: [Jupiter and Saturn Great Conjunction: The Movie](ap201230.html)
2020 December 29: [Earth During a Total Solar Eclipse](ap201229.html)
2020 December 28: [M16: Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap201228.html)
2020 December 27: [Cosmic Latte: The Average Color of the Universe](ap201227.html)
2020 December 26: [Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree](ap201226.html)
2020 December 25: [Northern Winter Night](ap201225.html)
2020 December 24: [Portrait of NGC 1055](ap201224.html)
2020 December 23: [Jupiter Meets Saturn: A Red Spotted Great Conjunction](ap201223.html)
2020 December 22: [Trifid Pillars and Jets](ap201222.html)
2020 December 21: [Solstice: Sunrises Around the Year](ap201221.html)
2020 December 20: [A Volcanic Great Conjunction](ap201220.html)
2020 December 19: [Conjunction after Sunset](ap201219.html)
2020 December 18: [Diamond in the Sky](ap201218.html)
2020 December 17: [Gemini's Meteors](ap201217.html)
2020 December 16: [Sonified: The Matter of the Bullet Cluster](ap201216.html)
2020 December 15: [Great Conjunction: Saturn and Jupiter Converge](ap201215.html)
2020 December 14: [Capsule Returns from Asteroid Ryugu](ap201214.html)
2020 December 13: [Geminid Meteors over Xinglong Observatory](ap201213.html)
2020 December 12: [Saturn and Jupiter in Summer 2020](ap201212.html)
2020 December 11: [Messier Craters in Stereo](ap201211.html)
2020 December 10: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap201210.html)
2020 December 09: [Arecibo Telescope Collapse](ap201209.html)
2020 December 08: [Great Conjunction over Sicilian Lighthouse](ap201208.html)
2020 December 07: [Mammatus Clouds over Mount Rushmore](ap201207.html)
2020 December 06: [M16: Pillars of Star Creation](ap201206.html)
2020 December 05: [Mons Rumker in the Ocean of Storms](ap201205.html)
2020 December 04: [Curly Spiral Galaxy M63](ap201204.html)
2020 December 03: [The Antennae Galaxies in Collision](ap201203.html)
2020 December 02: [Eye of Moon](ap201202.html)
2020 December 01: [NGC 346: Star Forming Cluster in the SMC](ap201201.html)
2020 November 30: [Cygnus Without Stars](ap201130.html)
2020 November 29: [Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System](ap201129.html)
2020 November 28: [NGC 6822: Barnard s Galaxy](ap201128.html)
2020 November 27: [Chang'e 5 Mission Launch](ap201127.html)
2020 November 26: [The Great Turkey Nebula](ap201126.html)
2020 November 25: [Andromeda over Patagonia](ap201125.html)
2020 November 24: [The Helix Nebula from CFHT](ap201124.html)
2020 November 23: [A Jupiter Vista from Juno](ap201123.html)
2020 November 22: [Dark Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap201122.html)
2020 November 21: [Mars and Meteor over Jade Dragon Snow Mountain](ap201121.html)
2020 November 20: [Global Map: Mars at Opposition](ap201120.html)
2020 November 19: [Crew-1 Mission Launch Streak](ap201119.html)
2020 November 18: [A Double Star Cluster in Perseus](ap201118.html)
2020 November 17: [A Glowing STEVE and the Milky Way](ap201117.html)
2020 November 16: [Light and Glory over Crete](ap201116.html)
2020 November 15: [Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866](ap201115.html)
2020 November 14: [Venus, Mercury, and the Waning Moon](ap201114.html)
2020 November 13: [The Tarantula Zone](ap201113.html)
2020 November 12: [Comet ATLAS and Orion's Belt](ap201112.html)
2020 November 11: [Colors of the Moon](ap201111.html)
2020 November 10: [The Central Soul Nebula Without Stars](ap201110.html)
2020 November 09: [In Green Company: Aurora over Norway](ap201109.html)
2020 November 08: [Martian Moon Phobos from Mars Express](ap201108.html)
2020 November 07: [The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies](ap201107.html)
2020 November 06: [Moon over ISS](ap201106.html)
2020 November 05: [North of Orion's Belt](ap201105.html)
2020 November 04: [Fifty Gravitational Wave Events Illustrated](ap201104.html)
2020 November 03: [Tagging Bennu: The Movie](ap201103.html)
2020 November 02: [Half Sun with Prominence](ap201102.html)
2020 November 01: [In the Center of the Trifid Nebula](ap201101.html)
2020 October 31: [A Galaxy of Horrors](ap201031.html)
2020 October 30: [Fear and Dread: The Moons of Mars](ap201030.html)
2020 October 29: [The Ghoul of IC 2118](ap201029.html)
2020 October 28: [NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula](ap201028.html)
2020 October 27: [Venusian Volcano Imagined](ap201027.html)
2020 October 26: [Reflections of the Ghost Nebula](ap201026.html)
2020 October 25: [Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe](ap201025.html)
2020 October 24: [Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc](ap201024.html)
2020 October 23: [Supernova in NGC 2525](ap201023.html)
2020 October 22: [Tagging Bennu](ap201022.html)
2020 October 21: [A Night Sky Vista from Sardinia](ap201021.html)
2020 October 20: [Saturn and Jupiter over Italian Peaks](ap201020.html)
2020 October 19: [A Flight over Jupiter Near the Great Red Spot](ap201019.html)
2020 October 18: [UGC 1810: Wildly Interacting Galaxy from Hubble](ap201018.html)
2020 October 17: [Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent](ap201017.html)
2020 October 16: [Planetary Nebula Abell 78](ap201016.html)
2020 October 15: [Galaxies in Pegasus](ap201015.html)
2020 October 14: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap201014.html)
2020 October 13: [Mars, Pleiades, and Andromeda over Stone Lions](ap201013.html)
2020 October 12: [Descending Toward Asteroid Bennu](ap201012.html)
2020 October 11: [Milky Way over the Pinnacles in Australia](ap201011.html)
2020 October 10: [Virgo Cluster Galaxies](ap201010.html)
2020 October 09: [The Very Large Array at Moonset](ap201009.html)
2020 October 08: [Mare Frigoris](ap201008.html)
2020 October 07: [Ou4: A Giant Squid in a Flying Bat](ap201007.html)
2020 October 06: [Mars Approach 2020](ap201006.html)
2020 October 05: [NGC 5643: Nearby Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap201005.html)
2020 October 04: [Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur](ap201004.html)
2020 October 03: [Driving to the Sun](ap201003.html)
2020 October 02: [Biking to the Moon](ap201002.html)
2020 October 01: [Solis Lacus: The Eye of Mars](ap201001.html)
2020 September 30: [Sonified: Eagle Nebula Pillars](ap200930.html)
2020 September 29: [GW Orionis: A Star System with Tilted Rings](ap200929.html)
2020 September 28: [Filaments of the Cygnus Loop](ap200928.html)
2020 September 27: [Lightning over Colorado](ap200927.html)
2020 September 26: [Moon Pairs and the Synodic Month](ap200926.html)
2020 September 25: [Moon over Andromeda](ap200925.html)
2020 September 24: [Enceladus in Infrared](ap200924.html)
2020 September 23: [ISS Transits Mars](ap200923.html)
2020 September 22: [Equinox in the Sky](ap200922.html)
2020 September 21: [Omega Sunrise](ap200921.html)
2020 September 20: [Breaking Distant Light](ap200920.html)
2020 September 19: [Orion in Depth](ap200919.html)
2020 September 18: [Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries](ap200918.html)
2020 September 17: [Solar Cycle 25 Begins](ap200917.html)
2020 September 16: [Gravel Ejected from Asteroid Bennu](ap200916.html)
2020 September 15: [Biomarker Phosphine Discovered in the Atmosphere of Venus](ap200915.html)
2020 September 14: [Corn Moon Rising](ap200914.html)
2020 September 13: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap200913.html)
2020 September 12: [A Thousand Meteors](ap200912.html)
2020 September 11: [The Reappearance of Mars](ap200911.html)
2020 September 10: [Jupiter's Swimming Storm](ap200910.html)
2020 September 09: [Pleiades: The Seven Sisters Star Cluster](ap200909.html)
2020 September 08: [GW190521: Unexpected Black Holes Collide](ap200908.html)
2020 September 07: [The Milky Way over St Michaels Mount](ap200907.html)
2020 September 06: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap200906.html)
2020 September 05: [A Falcon 9 Moon](ap200905.html)
2020 September 04: [The Wizard Nebula](ap200904.html)
2020 September 03: [A Halo for Andromeda](ap200903.html)
2020 September 02: [Jupiter and the Moons](ap200902.html)
2020 September 01: [Salt Water Remnants on Ceres](ap200901.html)
2020 August 31: [SS 433: Binary Star Micro Quasar](ap200831.html)
2020 August 30: [NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars](ap200830.html)
2020 August 29: [Martian Chiaroscuro](ap200829.html)
2020 August 28: [The Valley of Orion](ap200828.html)
2020 August 27: [Shell Galaxies in Pisces](ap200827.html)
2020 August 26: [Cygnus Skyscape](ap200826.html)
2020 August 25: [Visualization: A Black Hole Accretion Disk](ap200825.html)
2020 August 24: [Crescent Moon HDR](ap200824.html)
2020 August 23: [The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble](ap200823.html)
2020 August 22: [Yogi And Friends in 3D](ap200822.html)
2020 August 21: [Unwinding M51](ap200821.html)
2020 August 20: [Seeing Titan](ap200820.html)
2020 August 19: [The Sun Rotating](ap200819.html)
2020 August 18: [TYC 8998 760 1: Multiple Planets around a Sun Like Star](ap200818.html)
2020 August 17: [Perseids Around the Milky Way](ap200817.html)
2020 August 16: [NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap200816.html)
2020 August 15: [Mars at the Moons Edge](ap200815.html)
2020 August 14: [NGC 5189: An Unusually Complex Planetary Nebula](ap200814.html)
2020 August 13: [Jupiter and Saturn Rising Beyond Alien Throne Rock](ap200813.html)
2020 August 12: [The Shifting Tails of Comet NEOWISE](ap200812.html)
2020 August 11: [Churning Clouds on Jupiter](ap200811.html)
2020 August 10: [Perseids from Perseus](ap200810.html)
2020 August 09: [The Origin of Elements](ap200809.html)
2020 August 08: [Crescent Saturn](ap200808.html)
2020 August 07: [The Pipe Nebula](ap200807.html)
2020 August 06: [Messier 20 and 21](ap200806.html)
2020 August 05: [Picture Rocks Sun Dagger](ap200805.html)
2020 August 04: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap200804.html)
2020 August 03: [Comet NEOWISE over Vikos Gorge](ap200803.html)
2020 August 02: [Two Worlds One Sun](ap200802.html)
2020 August 01: [The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus](ap200801.html)
2020 July 31: [Mars 2020 from 5,000 Feet](ap200731.html)
2020 July 30: [The Red Planet Mars](ap200730.html)
2020 July 29: [The Giants of Summer](ap200729.html)
2020 July 28: [APOD: 2020 July 28 – NGC 6188: The Dragons of Ara](ap200728.html)
2020 July 27: [APOD: 2020 July 27 – Comet and Lightning Beyond Bighorn Mountains](ap200727.html)
2020 July 26: [APOD: 2020 July 26 – A Flight through the Hubble Ultra Deep Field](ap200726.html)
2020 July 25: [Tianwen 1 Mission to Mars](ap200725.html)
2020 July 24: [MAGIC NEOWISE](ap200724.html)
2020 July 23: [Fairytale NEOWISE](ap200723.html)
2020 July 22: [APOD: 2020 July 22 – The Structured Tails of Comet NEOWISE](ap200722.html)
2020 July 21: [Iron in the Butterfly Nebula](ap200721.html)
2020 July 20: [Comet NEOWISE and Nebulae](ap200720.html)
2020 July 19: [Rotating Moon from LRO](ap200719.html)
2020 July 18: [Finding NEOWISE](ap200718.html)
2020 July 17: [NEOWISE of the North](ap200717.html)
2020 July 16: [The Long Tails of Comet NEOWISE](ap200716.html)
2020 July 15: [Comet NEOWISE over the Swiss Alps](ap200715.html)
2020 July 14: [Comet NEOWISE over Stonehenge](ap200714.html)
2020 July 13: [Comet NEOWISE Rising over the Adriatic Sea](ap200713.html)
2020 July 12: [Comet CG Creates Its Dust Tail](ap200712.html)
2020 July 11: [The Tails of Comet NEOWISE](ap200711.html)
2020 July 10: [Comet NEOWISE from the ISS](ap200710.html)
2020 July 09: [Noctilucent NEOWISE](ap200709.html)
2020 July 08: [Mercury's Sodium Tail](ap200708.html)
2020 July 07: [Comet NEOWISE over Lebanon](ap200707.html)
2020 July 06: [M43: Dust, Gas, and Stars in the Orion Nebula](ap200706.html)
2020 July 05: [Saturns Northern Hexagon](ap200705.html)
2020 July 04: [Meeting in the Mesosphere](ap200704.html)
2020 July 03: [Lynds Dark Nebula 1251](ap200703.html)
2020 July 02: [The Galaxy, the Planet, and the Apple Tree](ap200702.html)
2020 July 01: [Our Rotating Earth](ap200701.html)
2020 June 30: [Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble](ap200630.html)
2020 June 29: [Dark Sky Reflections](ap200629.html)
2020 June 28: [Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1](ap200628.html)
2020 June 27: [Eclipse under the ISS](ap200627.html)
2020 June 26: [Eclipse under the Bamboo](ap200626.html)
2020 June 25: [Eclipse Street, Hong Kong](ap200625.html)
2020 June 24: [Inverted City Beneath Clouds](ap200624.html)
2020 June 23: [The X Ray Sky from eROSITA](ap200623.html)
2020 June 22: [Moon Mountains Magnified during Ring of Fire Eclipse](ap200622.html)
2020 June 21: [Moon Occults Venus](ap200621.html)
2020 June 20: [Northern Summer on Titan](ap200620.html)
2020 June 19: [The Veins of Heaven](ap200619.html)
2020 June 18: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap200618.html)
2020 June 17: [Magnetic Streamlines of the Milky Way](ap200617.html)
2020 June 16: [APOD is 25 Years Old Today](ap200616.html)
2020 June 15: [A Ring of Fire Sunrise Solar Eclipse](ap200615.html)
2020 June 14: [Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth](ap200614.html)
2020 June 13: [SpaceX Demo-2 Launch](ap200613.html)
2020 June 12: [NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet](ap200612.html)
2020 June 11: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap200611.html)
2020 June 09: [Orion over Argentine Mountains](ap200609.html)
2020 June 08: [Atmospheric Ring of Venus](ap200608.html)
2020 June 07: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap200607.html)
2020 June 06: [Comet PanSTARRs and the Galaxies](ap200606.html)
2020 June 05: [Dragon over Central Park](ap200605.html)
2020 June 04: [Portrait of NGC 3628](ap200604.html)
2020 June 03: [The Dance of Venus and Earth](ap200603.html)
2020 June 02: [Novel Coronavirus Attacks Humanity](ap200602.html)
2020 June 01: [The Lively Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap200601.html)
2020 May 31: [Aurora over Sweden](ap200531.html)
2020 May 30: [Green Flashes: Sun, Moon, Venus, Mercury](ap200530.html)
2020 May 29: [Mercury Meets Crescent Venus](ap200529.html)
2020 May 28: [Reflecting the International Space Station](ap200528.html)
2020 May 27: [Earth and Moon through Saturn's Rings](ap200527.html)
2020 May 26: [The Milky Way over Snow Capped Himalayas](ap200526.html)
2020 May 25: [Mystic Mountain Monster being Destroyed](ap200525.html)
2020 May 24: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap200524.html)
2020 May 23: [Ghost Fungus to Magellanic Cloud](ap200523.html)
2020 May 22: [South of Carina](ap200522.html)
2020 May 21: [Phases of Venus](ap200521.html)
2020 May 20: [Moon, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Milk Way](ap200520.html)
2020 May 19: [Posters of the Solar System](ap200519.html)
2020 May 18: [Journey into the Cosmic Reef](ap200518.html)
2020 May 17: [A Waterspout in Florida](ap200517.html)
2020 May 16: [The Dark River to Antares](ap200516.html)
2020 May 15: [Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82](ap200515.html)
2020 May 14: [Comet Halley vs Comet SWAN](ap200514.html)
2020 May 13: [Jupiter in Infrared from Gemini](ap200513.html)
2020 May 12: [Lyrid Meteors from the Constellation Lyra](ap200512.html)
2020 May 11: [Behind Betelgeuse](ap200511.html)
2020 May 10: [The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble](ap200510.html)
2020 May 09: [Full Flower Moonrise](ap200509.html)
2020 May 08: [Long Tailed Comet SWAN](ap200508.html)
2020 May 07: [Analemma of the Moon](ap200507.html)
2020 May 06: [LDN 1471: A Windblown Star Cavity](ap200506.html)
2020 May 05: [Carina in Perspective](ap200505.html)
2020 May 04: [Earth Flyby of BepiColombo](ap200504.html)
2020 May 03: [A Message from Earth](ap200503.html)
2020 May 02: [Radio, The Big Ear, and the WOW Signal](ap200502.html)
2020 May 01: [A View Toward M106](ap200501.html)
2020 April 30: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap200430.html)
2020 April 29: [The Ion Tail of New Comet SWAN](ap200429.html)
2020 April 28: [The Kepler 90 Planetary System](ap200428.html)
2020 April 27: [Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturns Enceladus](ap200427.html)
2020 April 26: [Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe](ap200426.html)
2020 April 25: [Hubble's Cosmic Reef](ap200425.html)
2020 April 24: [Around the World at Night](ap200424.html)
2020 April 23: [Lyrid Meteor Streak](ap200423.html)
2020 April 22: [Planet Earth at Twilight](ap200422.html)
2020 April 21: [Eye on the Milky Way](ap200421.html)
2020 April 20: [IC 2944: The Running Chicken Nebula](ap200420.html)
2020 April 19: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap200419.html)
2020 April 18: [Just Another Day on Aerosol Earth](ap200418.html)
2020 April 17: [The Windmill and the Star Trails](ap200417.html)
2020 April 16: [Comet ATLAS Breaks Up](ap200416.html)
2020 April 15: [A Cosmic Triangle](ap200415.html)
2020 April 14: [NGC 253: The Silver Coin Galaxy](ap200414.html)
2020 April 13: [A Sailing Stone across Death Valley](ap200413.html)
2020 April 12: [The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble](ap200412.html)
2020 April 11: [Venus and the Pleiades in April](ap200411.html)
2020 April 10: [Full Moon of Spring](ap200410.html)
2020 April 09: [A Flow of Time](ap200409.html)
2020 April 08: [Country Sky versus City Sky](ap200408.html)
2020 April 07: [A Path North](ap200407.html)
2020 April 06: [NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap200406.html)
2020 April 05: [Color the Universe](ap200405.html)
2020 April 04: [Venus and the Sisters](ap200404.html)
2020 April 03: [The Traffic in Taurus](ap200403.html)
2020 April 02: [Venus and the Pleiades in April](ap200402.html)
2020 April 01: [Asteroid or Potato](ap200401.html)
2020 March 31: [The Galactic Center from Radio to X ray](ap200331.html)
2020 March 30: [The Colors of Saturn from Cassini](ap200330.html)
2020 March 29: [A 212 Hour Exposure of Orion](ap200329.html)
2020 March 28: [Stars Trail over Ragusa](ap200328.html)
2020 March 27: [A Little Drop of Galaxy](ap200327.html)
2020 March 26: [Andromeda Station](ap200326.html)
2020 March 25: [Star Forming Region S106](ap200325.html)
2020 March 24: [A Black Hole Disrupts a Passing Star](ap200324.html)
2020 March 23: [From the Pleiades to the Eridanus Loop](ap200323.html)
2020 March 22: [Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano](ap200322.html)
2020 March 21: [Comet ATLAS and the Mighty Galaxies](ap200321.html)
2020 March 20: [Morning, Planets, Moon, and Montreal](ap200320.html)
2020 March 19: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap200319.html)
2020 March 18: [Anticrepuscular Rays over Florida](ap200318.html)
2020 March 17: [M77: Spiral Galaxy with an Active Center](ap200317.html)
2020 March 16: [A Moon Dressed Like Saturn](ap200316.html)
2020 March 15: [The Snows of Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap200315.html)
2020 March 14: [Moonrise and Mountain Shadow](ap200314.html)
2020 March 13: [Starry Night by Jean François Millet](ap200313.html)
2020 March 12: [Falcon 9 Boostback](ap200312.html)
2020 March 11: [An Extreme Black Hole Outburst](ap200311.html)
2020 March 10: [Wide Field: Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree](ap200310.html)
2020 March 09: [Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Chile](ap200309.html)
2020 March 08: [Wolf Rayet Star 124: Stellar Wind Machine](ap200308.html)
2020 March 07: [Pic du Midi Panorama](ap200307.html)
2020 March 06: [Mars Panorama from Curiosity](ap200306.html)
2020 March 05: [The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty](ap200305.html)
2020 March 04: [The Slow Dance of Galaxies NGC 5394 and 5395](ap200304.html)
2020 March 03: [Apollo 13 Views of the Moon](ap200303.html)
2020 March 02: [Sharpless 308: The Dolphin Nebula](ap200302.html)
2020 March 01: [A Hole in Mars](ap200301.html)
2020 February 29: [Julius Caesar and Leap Days](ap200229.html)
2020 February 28: [South Celestial Rocket Launch](ap200228.html)
2020 February 27: [Two Hemisphere Night Sky](ap200227.html)
2020 February 26: [NGST-10b: Discovery of a Doomed Planet](ap200226.html)
2020 February 25: [Jupiter's Magnetic Field from Juno](ap200225.html)
2020 February 24: [Moon Corona, Halo, and Arcs over Manitoba](ap200224.html)
2020 February 23: [Illustris Simulation of the Universe](ap200223.html)
2020 February 22: [Central Centaurus A](ap200222.html)
2020 February 21: [LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion](ap200221.html)
2020 February 20: [Trifecta at Twilight](ap200220.html)
2020 February 19: [UGC 12591: The Fastest Rotating Galaxy Known](ap200219.html)
2020 February 18: [Orion over the Central Bohemian Highlands](ap200218.html)
2020 February 17: [The Changing Surface of Fading Betelgeuse](ap200217.html)
2020 February 16: [NGC 2392: Double Shelled Planetary Nebula](ap200216.html)
2020 February 15: [Carina Nebula Close Up](ap200215.html)
2020 February 14: [The Pale Blue Dot](ap200214.html)
2020 February 13: [Spitzer's Trifid](ap200213.html)
2020 February 12: [Star Trails of the North and South](ap200212.html)
2020 February 11: [Launch of the Solar Orbiter](ap200211.html)
2020 February 10: [Solar Eclipse over the UAE](ap200210.html)
2020 February 09: [To Fly Free in Space](ap200209.html)
2020 February 08: [Cosmic Clouds in the Unicorn](ap200208.html)
2020 February 07: [NGC 7331 Close Up](ap200207.html)
2020 February 06: [Southern Moonscape](ap200206.html)
2020 February 05: [Lunar Eclipse Perspectives](ap200205.html)
2020 February 04: [A Sunset Night Sky over the Grand Canyon](ap200204.html)
2020 February 03: [Solar Granules at Record High Resolution](ap200203.html)
2020 February 02: [Zeta Oph: Runaway Star](ap200202.html)
2020 February 01: [Apollo 14 Heads for Home](ap200201.html)
2020 January 31: [Goldilocks Zones and Stars](ap200131.html)
2020 January 30: [Two Clusters and a Comet](ap200130.html)
2020 January 29: [Milky Way over Yellowstone](ap200129.html)
2020 January 28: [Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula](ap200128.html)
2020 January 27: [Comet CG Evaporates](ap200127.html)
2020 January 26: [Hills Ridges and Tracks on Mars](ap200126.html)
2020 January 25: [Rubin's Galaxy](ap200125.html)
2020 January 24: [Into the Shadow](ap200124.html)
2020 January 23: [Globular Star Cluster NGC 6752](ap200123.html)
2020 January 22: [The Hyades Star Cluster](ap200122.html)
2020 January 21: [Parker: Sounds of the Solar Wind](ap200121.html)
2020 January 20: [Quadrantid Meteors through Orion](ap200120.html)
2020 January 19: [M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab Nebula](ap200119.html)
2020 January 18: [An Almost Eclipse of the Moon](ap200118.html)
2020 January 17: [Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit](ap200117.html)
2020 January 16: [NGC 247 and Friends](ap200116.html)
2020 January 15: [Iridescent Clouds over Sweden](ap200115.html)
2020 January 14: [Evidence of an Active Volcano on Venus](ap200114.html)
2020 January 13: [A Desert Eclipse](ap200113.html)
2020 January 12: [Stars and Dust in Corona Australis](ap200112.html)
2020 January 11: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap200111.html)
2020 January 10: [Nacreous Clouds over Sweden](ap200110.html)
2020 January 09: [Perihelion to Aphelion](ap200109.html)
2020 January 08: [Galaxies in the River](ap200108.html)
2020 January 07: [IC 405: The Flaming Star Nebula](ap200107.html)
2020 January 06: [Tumultuous Clouds of Jupiter](ap200106.html)
2020 January 05: [A Starry Night of Iceland](ap200105.html)
2020 January 04: [Aurora Slathers Up the Sky](ap200104.html)
2020 January 03: [Quadrantids over the Great Wall](ap200103.html)
2020 January 02: [The Fainting of Betelgeuse](ap200102.html)
2020 January 01: [Betelgeuse Imagined](ap200101.html)
2019 December 31: [M33: The Triangulum Galaxy](ap191231.html)
2019 December 30: [Messier 20 and 21](ap191230.html)
2019 December 29: [Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane](ap191229.html)
2019 December 28: [A Distorted Sunrise Eclipse](ap191228.html)
2019 December 27: [A Partial Solar Eclipse Sequence Reflected](ap191227.html)
2019 December 26: [The Northern Winter Hexagon](ap191226.html)
2019 December 25: [An Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico](ap191225.html)
2019 December 24: [A Northern Winter Sky Panorama](ap191224.html)
2019 December 23: [Places for OSIRIS REx to Touch Asteroid Bennu](ap191223.html)
2019 December 22: [Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky](ap191222.html)
2019 December 21: [Solstice to Solstice Solargraph Timelapse](ap191221.html)
2019 December 20: [Late Afternoon on Mars](ap191220.html)
2019 December 19: [Apollo 17's Moonship](ap191219.html)
2019 December 18: [A Hotspot Map of Neutron Star J0030s Surface](ap191218.html)
2019 December 17: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap191217.html)
2019 December 16: [The Magnetic Fields of Spiral Galaxy M77](ap191216.html)
2019 December 15: [Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska](ap191215.html)
2019 December 14: [Interstellar Comet 2I Borisov](ap191214.html)
2019 December 13: [Full Moon Geminids](ap191213.html)
2019 December 12: [Decorating the Sky](ap191212.html)
2019 December 11: [N63A: Supernova Remnant in Visible and X-ray](ap191211.html)
2019 December 10: [Starlink Satellite Trails over Brazil](ap191210.html)
2019 December 09: [Looking Sideways from the Parker Solar Probe](ap191209.html)
2019 December 08: [Geminid Meteors over Chile](ap191208.html)
2019 December 07: [Lines of Time](ap191207.html)
2019 December 06: [Pleiades to Hyades](ap191206.html)
2019 December 05: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744](ap191205.html)
2019 December 04: [Electric Night](ap191204.html)
2019 December 03: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap191203.html)
2019 December 02: [Mercury Crosses a Quiet Sun](ap191202.html)
2019 December 01: [Starburst Galaxy M94 from Hubble](ap191201.html)
2019 November 30: [Star Trails for a Red Planet](ap191130.html)
2019 November 29: [Galileo's Europa Remastered](ap191129.html)
2019 November 28: [Moon and Planets at Twilight](ap191128.html)
2019 November 27: [Hoags Object: A Nearly Perfect Ring Galaxy](ap191127.html)
2019 November 26: [Venus and Jupiter on the Horizon](ap191126.html)
2019 November 25: [NGC 6995: The Bat Nebula](ap191125.html)
2019 November 24: [Apollo 12: Self Portrait](ap191124.html)
2019 November 23: [Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3 Stereo View](ap191123.html)
2019 November 22: [Orion Rising](ap191122.html)
2019 November 21: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap191121.html)
2019 November 20: [Arp 273: Battling Galaxies from Hubble](ap191120.html)
2019 November 19: [Milky Way over Uruguayan Lighthouse](ap191119.html)
2019 November 18: [Passing Asteroid Arrokoth](ap191118.html)
2019 November 17: [Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud](ap191117.html)
2019 November 16: [The Star Streams of NGC 5907](ap191116.html)
2019 November 15: [M16 and the Eagle Nebula](ap191115.html)
2019 November 14: [Mercury and the Quiet Sun](ap191114.html)
2019 November 13: [Mercury in Silhouette](ap191113.html)
2019 November 12: [NGC 3717: A Nearly Sideways Spiral Galaxy](ap191112.html)
2019 November 11: [Lunar Craters Langrenus and Petavius](ap191111.html)
2019 November 10: [A Mercury Transit Sequence](ap191110.html)
2019 November 09: [Saturn the Giant](ap191109.html)
2019 November 08: [NGC 3572 and the Southern Tadpoles](ap191108.html)
2019 November 07: [Messier 45: The Daughters of Atlas and Pleione](ap191107.html)
2019 November 06: [21st Century M101](ap191106.html)
2019 November 05: [Spiral Galaxies Spinning Super Fast](ap191105.html)
2019 November 04: [Near the Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap191104.html)
2019 November 03: [Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn](ap191103.html)
2019 November 02: [Inside the Flame Nebula](ap191102.html)
2019 November 01: [The Day After Mars](ap191101.html)
2019 October 31: [The Ghostly Veil Nebula](ap191031.html)
2019 October 30: [M42: Inside the Orion Nebula](ap191030.html)
2019 October 29: [Curiosity Rover Finds a Clay Cache on Mars](ap191029.html)
2019 October 28: [The Space Station Crosses a Spotless Sun](ap191028.html)
2019 October 27: [Ghost Aurora over Canada](ap191027.html)
2019 October 26: [Gravity s Grin](ap191026.html)
2019 October 25: [The Ghosts of Cassiopeia](ap191025.html)
2019 October 24: [Dark Seahorse in Cepheus](ap191024.html)
2019 October 23: [Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh](ap191023.html)
2019 October 22: [Night Sky Reflections from the Worlds Largest Mirror](ap191022.html)
2019 October 21: [A Mercury Transit Music Video from SDO](ap191021.html)
2019 October 20: [Pluto at Night](ap191020.html)
2019 October 19: [All Female Spacewalk Repairs Space Station](ap191019.html)
2019 October 18: [Interstellar Interloper 2I/Borisov](ap191018.html)
2019 October 17: [Moons of Saturn](ap191017.html)
2019 October 16: [BHB2007: A Baby Binary Star in Formation](ap191016.html)
2019 October 15: [The Galaxy Above](ap191015.html)
2019 October 14: [Andromeda before Photoshop](ap191014.html)
2019 October 13: [A Stellar Jewel Box: Open Cluster NGC 290](ap191013.html)
2019 October 12: [Interplanetary Earth](ap191012.html)
2019 October 11: [Planet Earth at Blue Hour](ap191011.html)
2019 October 10: [Mid-Air Meteor and Milky Way](ap191010.html)
2019 October 09: [NGC 7714: Starburst after Galaxy Collision](ap191009.html)
2019 October 08: [Sprite Lightning in HD](ap191008.html)
2019 October 07: [Io Eclipse Shadow on Jupiter from Juno](ap191007.html)
2019 October 06: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap191006.html)
2019 October 05: [Jupiter and the Moons](ap191005.html)
2019 October 04: [InSight on a Cloudy Day](ap191004.html)
2019 October 03: [The Hydrogen Clouds of M33](ap191003.html)
2019 October 02: [Molecular Clouds in the Carina Nebula](ap191002.html)
2019 October 01: [Black Hole Safety Video](ap191001.html)
2019 September 30: [Orion Rising over Brazil](ap190930.html)
2019 September 29: [MyCn 18: The Engraved Hourglass Planetary Nebula](ap190929.html)
2019 September 28: [An Analemma of the Sun](ap190928.html)
2019 September 27: [The Annotated Galactic Center](ap190927.html)
2019 September 26: [Da Vinci Rise](ap190926.html)
2019 September 25: [The Pelican Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap190925.html)
2019 September 24: [Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars](ap190924.html)
2019 September 23: [Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice](ap190923.html)
2019 September 22: [Eye Sky a Dragon](ap190922.html)
2019 September 21: [The Tulip in the Swan](ap190921.html)
2019 September 20: [Saturn at Night](ap190920.html)
2019 September 19: [Along the Western Veil](ap190919.html)
2019 September 18: [Gigantic Jet Lightning over India](ap190918.html)
2019 September 17: [Water Vapor Discovered on Distant Exoplanet](ap190917.html)
2019 September 16: [A Lunar Corona over Turin](ap190916.html)
2019 September 15: [A Long Storm System on Saturn](ap190915.html)
2019 September 14: [Little Planet to Exoplanets](ap190914.html)
2019 September 13: [A Harvest Moon](ap190913.html)
2019 September 12: [The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust](ap190912.html)
2019 September 11: [IC 1805: The Heart Nebula](ap190911.html)
2019 September 10: [Pluto in True Color](ap190910.html)
2019 September 09: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap190909.html)
2019 September 08: [Perijove 11: Passing Jupiter](ap190908.html)
2019 September 07: [In Wolf's Cave](ap190907.html)
2019 September 06: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap190906.html)
2019 September 05: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap190905.html)
2019 September 04: [The Spider Nebula in Infrared](ap190904.html)
2019 September 03: [Unusual Signal Suggests Neutron Star Destroyed by Black Hole](ap190903.html)
2019 September 02: [The Moon and Jupiter over the Alps](ap190902.html)
2019 September 01: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap190901.html)
2019 August 31: [Spitzer's Orion](ap190831.html)
2019 August 30: [NGC 7129 and NGC 7142](ap190830.html)
2019 August 29: [M27: Not a Comet](ap190829.html)
2019 August 28: [Messier 61 Close Up](ap190828.html)
2019 August 27: [Dark Dust and Colorful Clouds near Antares](ap190827.html)
2019 August 26: [NGC 2170: Angel Nebula Still Life](ap190826.html)
2019 August 25: [Leaving Earth](ap190825.html)
2019 August 24: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap190824.html)
2019 August 23: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap190823.html)
2019 August 22: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap190822.html)
2019 August 21: [The Orion You Can Almost See](ap190821.html)
2019 August 20: [Animation: Spiral Disk around a Black Hole](ap190820.html)
2019 August 19: [Lenticular Clouds over Mount Etna](ap190819.html)
2019 August 18: [Human as Spaceship](ap190818.html)
2019 August 17: [1901 Photograph: The Orion Nebula](ap190817.html)
2019 August 16: [The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus](ap190816.html)
2019 August 15: [The Perseids and the Plough](ap190815.html)
2019 August 14: [Saturn Behind the Moon](ap190814.html)
2019 August 13: [Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002](ap190813.html)
2019 August 12: [Perseid Meteors over Slovakia](ap190812.html)
2019 August 11: [Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble](ap190811.html)
2019 August 10: [M16 Close Up](ap190810.html)
2019 August 09: [Atlas at Dawn](ap190809.html)
2019 August 08: [Curiosity at Teal Ridge](ap190808.html)
2019 August 07: [Jupiter Engulfed and the Milky Way](ap190807.html)
2019 August 06: [The Local Void in the Nearby Universe](ap190806.html)
2019 August 05: [A Total Solar Eclipse Reflected](ap190805.html)
2019 August 04: [Rumors of a Dark Universe](ap190804.html)
2019 August 03: [Mimas in Saturnlight](ap190803.html)
2019 August 02: [Chamaeleon II Dark Cloud](ap190802.html)
2019 August 01: [Elements in the Aftermath](ap190801.html)
2019 July 31: [IC 1795: The Fishhead Nebula](ap190731.html)
2019 July 30: [Star Forming Region NGC 3582 without Stars](ap190730.html)
2019 July 29: [Lightning over the Volcano of Water](ap190729.html)
2019 July 28: [The North America Nebula in Infrared](ap190728.html)
2019 July 27: [Chandrayaan 2 Launch](ap190727.html)
2019 July 26: [The Veins of Heaven](ap190726.html)
2019 July 25: [Cygnus Skyscape](ap190725.html)
2019 July 24: [Zodiacal Road](ap190724.html)
2019 July 23: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap190723.html)
2019 July 22: [HDR: Earths Circular Shadow on the Moon](ap190722.html)
2019 July 21: [Moonquakes Surprisingly Common](ap190721.html)
2019 July 20: [Apollo 11 Landing Panorama](ap190720.html)
2019 July 19: [Tranquility Base Panorama](ap190719.html)
2019 July 18: [Shadowed Moon and Mountain](ap190718.html)
2019 July 17: [Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon](ap190717.html)
2019 July 16: [Apollo 11 Launches Humans to the Moon](ap190716.html)
2019 July 15: [The Space Station Crosses a Spotless Sun](ap190715.html)
2019 July 14: [Eagle Aurora over Norway](ap190714.html)
2019 July 13: [The Eagle Rises](ap190713.html)
2019 July 12: [Magellanic Galaxy NGC 55](ap190712.html)
2019 July 11: [The Ghost of Jupiter's Halo](ap190711.html)
2019 July 10: [4000 Exoplanets](ap190710.html)
2019 July 09: [Birds During a Total Solar Eclipse](ap190709.html)
2019 July 08: [The Galactic Center in Radio from MeerKAT](ap190708.html)
2019 July 07: [Crescent Saturn](ap190707.html)
2019 July 06: [8 Minute and 30 Second Eclipse](ap190706.html)
2019 July 05: [La Silla Eclipse Sequence](ap190705.html)
2019 July 04: [In the Shadow of the Moon](ap190704.html)
2019 July 03: [Robotic Dragonfly Selected to Fly Across Titan](ap190703.html)
2019 July 02: [NGC 1566: The Spanish Dancer Spiral Galaxy](ap190702.html)
2019 July 01: [The Big Corona](ap190701.html)
2019 June 30: [Virtual Flight over Asteroid Vesta](ap190630.html)
2019 June 29: [M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy](ap190629.html)
2019 June 28: [A Solstice Night in Paris](ap190628.html)
2019 June 27: [The Longer Days](ap190627.html)
2019 June 26: [Noctilucent Clouds, Reflections, and Silhouettes](ap190626.html)
2019 June 25: [25 Brightest Stars in the Night Sky](ap190625.html)
2019 June 24: [Anticrepuscular Rays Converge Opposite the Sun](ap190624.html)
2019 June 23: [Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble](ap190623.html)
2019 June 22: [Ares 3 Landing Site: The Martian Revisited](ap190622.html)
2019 June 21: [Sunset Analemma](ap190621.html)
2019 June 20: [A View Toward M106](ap190620.html)
2019 June 19: [Our Galaxy's Magnetic Center](ap190619.html)
2019 June 18: [Strawberry Moon over the Temple of Poseidon](ap190618.html)
2019 June 17: [Milky Way over Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent](ap190617.html)
2019 June 16: [Unusual Mountain Ahuna Mons on Asteroid Ceres](ap190616.html)
2019 June 15: [Stereo Helene](ap190615.html)
2019 June 14: [NGC 4676: The Mighty Mice](ap190614.html)
2019 June 13: [The Colors and Magnitudes of M13](ap190613.html)
2019 June 12: [Spiral Galaxy M96 from Hubble](ap190612.html)
2019 June 11: [The Cave Nebula in Infrared from Spitzer](ap190611.html)
2019 June 10: [Jupiter Abyss](ap190610.html)
2019 June 09: [A Triangular Shadow of a Large Volcano](ap190609.html)
2019 June 08: [On the Beach with Mars](ap190608.html)
2019 June 07: [The Planet and the Pipe](ap190607.html)
2019 June 06: [Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy](ap190606.html)
2019 June 05: [The Interstellar Clouds of Orion](ap190605.html)
2019 June 04: [SEIS: Listening for Marsquakes](ap190604.html)
2019 June 03: [Stephan's Quintet from Hubble](ap190603.html)
2019 June 02: [A Live View from the International Space Station](ap190602.html)
2019 June 01: [NICER at Night](ap190601.html)
2019 May 31: [Lynds Dark Nebula 1251](ap190531.html)
2019 May 30: [Sunrise at Copernicus Crater](ap190530.html)
2019 May 29: [M95: Spiral Galaxy with an Inner Ring](ap190529.html)
2019 May 28: [Stars, Dust, and Gas near NGC 3572](ap190528.html)
2019 May 27: [A Volcano of Fire under a Milky Way of Stars](ap190527.html)
2019 May 26: [A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO](ap190526.html)
2019 May 25: [Planet of the Tajinastes](ap190525.html)
2019 May 24: [Boulders on Bennu](ap190524.html)
2019 May 23: [Moons Near Jupiter](ap190523.html)
2019 May 22: [Primordial Contact Binary 2014 MU69](ap190522.html)
2019 May 21: [Deep Field: Nebulae of Sagittarius](ap190521.html)
2019 May 20: [Planets of the Solar System: Tilts and Spins](ap190520.html)
2019 May 19: [A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio](ap190519.html)
2019 May 18: [Atlas, Daphnis, and Pan](ap190518.html)
2019 May 17: [RS Puppis](ap190517.html)
2019 May 16: [Dark Skies: Turn on the Night](ap190516.html)
2019 May 15: [Anemic Spiral NGC 4921 from Hubble](ap190515.html)
2019 May 14: [Young Star Cluster Trumpler 14 from Hubble](ap190514.html)
2019 May 13: [Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field](ap190513.html)
2019 May 12: [Ash and Lightning above an Icelandic Volcano](ap190512.html)
2019 May 11: [Milky Way, Launch, and Landing](ap190511.html)
2019 May 10: [Halley Dust and Milky Way](ap190510.html)
2019 May 09: [Messier 5](ap190509.html)
2019 May 08: [Jupiter Marble from Juno](ap190508.html)
2019 May 07: [The Great Nebula in Carina](ap190507.html)
2019 May 06: [Virtual Flyby of the Whirlpool Galaxy](ap190506.html)
2019 May 05: [Saturn, Titan, Rings, and Haze](ap190505.html)
2019 May 04: [Saturn and the Da Vinci Glow](ap190504.html)
2019 May 03: [Clouds of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap190503.html)
2019 May 02: [Manicouagan Impact Crater from Space](ap190502.html)
2019 May 01: [The Cat's Eye Nebula in Optical and X-ray](ap190501.html)
2019 April 30: [Meteor Misses Galaxy](ap190430.html)
2019 April 29: [N11: Star Clouds of the LMC](ap190429.html)
2019 April 28: [All of Mercury](ap190428.html)
2019 April 27: [The Galaxy, the Jet and the Black Hole](ap190427.html)
2019 April 26: [Southern Cross to Eta Carinae](ap190426.html)
2019 April 25: [Pan-STARRS Across the Lagoon](ap190425.html)
2019 April 24: [The Shape of the Southern Crab](ap190424.html)
2019 April 23: [Meteors, Comet, and Big Dipper over La Palma](ap190423.html)
2019 April 22: [Mars Methane Mystery Deepens](ap190422.html)
2019 April 21: [Spiral Aurora over Icelandic Divide](ap190421.html)
2019 April 20: [Falcon Heavy Launch Close up](ap190420.html)
2019 April 19: [Milky Way in Northern Spring](ap190419.html)
2019 April 18: [The Leo Trio](ap190418.html)
2019 April 17: [Messier 81](ap190417.html)
2019 April 16: [In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula](ap190416.html)
2019 April 15: [Enhanced: The Dolphin Cloud on Jupiter](ap190415.html)
2019 April 14: [Simulation: Two Black Holes Merge](ap190414.html)
2019 April 13: [Rigil Kentaurus and Sandqvist 169](ap190413.html)
2019 April 12: [A Cosmic Rose: The Rosette Nebula in Monoceros](ap190412.html)
2019 April 11: [First Horizon Scale Image of a Black Hole](ap190411.html)
2019 April 10: [Martian Moon Phobos Crosses the Sun](ap190410.html)
2019 April 09: [Moon Occults Saturn](ap190409.html)
2019 April 08: [AZURE Vapor Tracers over Norway](ap190408.html)
2019 April 07: [A Scorpius Sky Spectacular](ap190407.html)
2019 April 06: [ISS from Wallasey](ap190406.html)
2019 April 05: [Pan-STARRS Across the Sky](ap190405.html)
2019 April 04: [Messier 2](ap190404.html)
2019 April 03: [Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula](ap190403.html)
2019 April 02: [Space Station Silhouette on the Moon](ap190402.html)
2019 April 01: [Astronaut Kicks Lunar Field Goal](ap190401.html)
2019 March 31: [Markarian's Chain of Galaxies](ap190331.html)
2019 March 30: [3D 67P](ap190330.html)
2019 March 29: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap190329.html)
2019 March 28: [The Gaia Stars of M15](ap190328.html)
2019 March 27: [NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus](ap190327.html)
2019 March 26: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap190326.html)
2019 March 25: [Arp 194: Merging Galaxy Group](ap190325.html)
2019 March 24: [Zooming in on Star Cluster Terzan 5](ap190324.html)
2019 March 23: [Four Towers and the Equinox Moon](ap190323.html)
2019 March 22: [A Symphony in Northern Winter Skies](ap190322.html)
2019 March 21: [Star Trails and the Equinox Sunrise](ap190321.html)
2019 March 20: [Equinox on Planet Earth](ap190320.html)
2019 March 19: [Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens](ap190319.html)
2019 March 18: [Horsehead and Orion Nebulas](ap190318.html)
2019 March 17: [M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Center](ap190317.html)
2019 March 16: [NGC 3324 in Carina](ap190316.html)
2019 March 15: [A View Toward M101](ap190315.html)
2019 March 14: [Perseverance Valley Panorama](ap190314.html)
2019 March 13: [Highlights of the North Spring Sky](ap190313.html)
2019 March 12: [Touchdown on Asteroid Ryugu](ap190312.html)
2019 March 11: [The Central Magnetic Field of the Cigar Galaxy](ap190311.html)
2019 March 10: [Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow](ap190310.html)
2019 March 09: [Crescent Enceladus](ap190309.html)
2019 March 08: [Stardust and Starlight in M78](ap190308.html)
2019 March 07: [Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula](ap190307.html)
2019 March 06: [A February without Sunpots](ap190306.html)
2019 March 05: [X-Ray Superbubbles in Galaxy NGC 3079](ap190305.html)
2019 March 04: [Celestial Alignment over Sicilian Shore](ap190304.html)
2019 March 03: [The Orion Bullets](ap190303.html)
2019 March 02: [NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula](ap190302.html)
2019 March 01: [A Charioteer's Comet](ap190301.html)
2019 February 28: [Sharpest Ultima Thule](ap190228.html)
2019 February 27: [Magnetic Orion](ap190227.html)
2019 February 26: [Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms](ap190226.html)
2019 February 25: [Red Sprite Lightning over Kununurra](ap190225.html)
2019 February 24: [The Expanding Echoes of Supernova 1987A](ap190224.html)
2019 February 23: [The Stars of the Triangulum Galaxy](ap190223.html)
2019 February 22: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap190222.html)
2019 February 21: [Reflections on vdB 9](ap190221.html)
2019 February 20: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap190220.html)
2019 February 19: [Comet Iwamoto Before Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903](ap190219.html)
2019 February 18: [Dragon Aurora over Iceland](ap190218.html)
2019 February 17: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap190217.html)
2019 February 16: [NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet](ap190216.html)
2019 February 15: [Opportunity at Perseverance Valley](ap190215.html)
2019 February 14: [Solar System Family Portrait](ap190214.html)
2019 February 13: [The Helix Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen](ap190213.html)
2019 February 12: [Plane Crossing a Crescent Moon](ap190212.html)
2019 February 11: [New Data: Ultima Thule Surprisingly Flat](ap190211.html)
2019 February 10: [Venus Unveiled](ap190210.html)
2019 February 09: [Comet Iwamoto and the Sombrero Galaxy](ap190209.html)
2019 February 08: [Moon, Four Planets, and Emu](ap190208.html)
2019 February 07: [Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree](ap190207.html)
2019 February 06: [Moon and Venus Appulse over a Tree](ap190206.html)
2019 February 05: [Perijove 16: Passing Jupiter](ap190205.html)
2019 February 04: [Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC](ap190204.html)
2019 February 03: [An Airglow Fan from Lake to Sky](ap190203.html)
2019 February 02: [LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion](ap190202.html)
2019 February 01: [Twin Galaxies in Virgo](ap190201.html)
2019 January 31: [Sharpless 308: Star Bubble](ap190131.html)
2019 January 30: [Wide Field View of Great American Eclipse](ap190130.html)
2019 January 29: [Ultima Thule from New Horizons](ap190129.html)
2019 January 28: [The Long Gas Tail of Spiral Galaxy D100](ap190128.html)
2019 January 27: [From the Northern to the Southern Cross](ap190127.html)
2019 January 26: [The Umbra of Earth](ap190126.html)
2019 January 25: [Moon Struck](ap190125.html)
2019 January 24: [Matterhorn, Moon, and Meteor](ap190124.html)
2019 January 23: [Orion over the Austrian Alps](ap190123.html)
2019 January 22: [Lunar Eclipse over Cologne Cathedral](ap190122.html)
2019 January 21: [InSight Lander Takes Selfie on Mars](ap190121.html)
2019 January 20: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Video](ap190120.html)
2019 January 19: [Total Lunar Eclipse at Moonset](ap190119.html)
2019 January 18: [Circumpolar Star Trails](ap190118.html)
2019 January 17: [Cabin Under the Stars](ap190117.html)
2019 January 16: [IC 342: The Hidden Galaxy](ap190116.html)
2019 January 15: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap190115.html)
2019 January 14: [Meteor and Milky Way over the Alps](ap190114.html)
2019 January 13: [Tycho Supernova Remnant in X-ray](ap190113.html)
2019 January 12: [Milky Way Falls](ap190112.html)
2019 January 11: [Partial Eclipse over Beijing](ap190111.html)
2019 January 10: [Vela Supernova Remnant Mosaic](ap190110.html)
2019 January 09: [Quadrantids](ap190109.html)
2019 January 08: [HESS Telescopes Explore the High Energy Sky](ap190108.html)
2019 January 07: [Stars, Meteors, and a Comet in Taurus](ap190107.html)
2019 January 06: [A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center](ap190106.html)
2019 January 05: [Yutu 2 on the Farside](ap190105.html)
2019 January 04: [Ultima Thule Rotation Gif](ap190104.html)
2019 January 03: [Ultima and Thule](ap190103.html)
2019 January 02: [The Orion Nebula in Infrared from WISE](ap190102.html)
2019 January 01: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap190101.html)
2018 December 31: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap181231.html)
2018 December 30: [The Galaxy Tree](ap181230.html)
2018 December 29: [New Horizons at Ultima Thule](ap181229.html)
2018 December 28: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap181228.html)
2018 December 27: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap181227.html)
2018 December 26: [NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula](ap181226.html)
2018 December 25: [M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy](ap181225.html)
2018 December 24: [Earthrise 1: Historic Image Remastered](ap181224.html)
2018 December 23: [Earthrise: A Video Reconstruction](ap181223.html)
2018 December 22: [A Cold December Night](ap181222.html)
2018 December 21: [Extraordinary Solar Halos](ap181221.html)
2018 December 20: [Red Nebula, Green Comet, Blue Stars](ap181220.html)
2018 December 19: [A Rainbow Geminid Meteor](ap181219.html)
2018 December 18: [Methane Bubbles Frozen in Lake Baikal](ap181218.html)
2018 December 17: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap181217.html)
2018 December 16: [Comet Wirtanen Passes by the Earth](ap181216.html)
2018 December 15: [Geminids and Friends](ap181215.html)
2018 December 14: [Swimming on Jupiter](ap181214.html)
2018 December 13: [3D Bennu](ap181213.html)
2018 December 12: [M43: Orion Falls](ap181212.html)
2018 December 11: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail](ap181211.html)
2018 December 10: [Sound and Light Captured by Mars InSight](ap181210.html)
2018 December 09: [Aurora Shimmer, Meteor Flash](ap181209.html)
2018 December 08: [Tiny Planet Timelapse](ap181208.html)
2018 December 07: [December's Comet Wirtanen](ap181207.html)
2018 December 06: [Cetus Galaxies and Supernova](ap181206.html)
2018 December 05: [Highlights of the North Winter Sky](ap181205.html)
2018 December 04: [Rocket Launch between Mountains](ap181204.html)
2018 December 03: [Spiraling Supermassive Black Holes](ap181203.html)
2018 December 02: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap181202.html)
2018 December 01: [Mount Everest Star Trails](ap181201.html)
2018 November 30: [A Cold River to Orion](ap181130.html)
2018 November 29: [Across Corona Australis](ap181129.html)
2018 November 28: [IC 1871: Inside the Soul Nebula](ap181128.html)
2018 November 27: [InSight's First Image from Mars](ap181127.html)
2018 November 26: [Rocket Launch as Seen from the Space Station](ap181126.html)
2018 November 25: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap181125.html)
2018 November 24: [Shipwreck at Moonset](ap181124.html)
2018 November 23: [Good Morning Leonid](ap181123.html)
2018 November 22: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap181122.html)
2018 November 21: [Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno](ap181121.html)
2018 November 20: [Unexpected Trajectory Interstellar Asteroid Oumuamua](ap181120.html)
2018 November 19: [Gibbous Moon beyond Swedish Mountain](ap181119.html)
2018 November 18: [Creature Aurora Over Norway](ap181118.html)
2018 November 17: [The Tarantula Nebula](ap181117.html)
2018 November 16: [The Hill, The Moon, and Saturn](ap181116.html)
2018 November 15: [Comet 46P Wirtanen](ap181115.html)
2018 November 14: [The Cave Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur](ap181114.html)
2018 November 13: [Rotating Asteroid Bennu from OSIRIS REx](ap181113.html)
2018 November 12: [The Lagoon Nebula is Stars, Gas, and Dust](ap181112.html)
2018 November 11: [Astronaut Exploring: An Apollo 15 Panorama](ap181111.html)
2018 November 10: [The Old Moon in the Young Moon's Arms](ap181110.html)
2018 November 09: [Little Planet Lookout](ap181109.html)
2018 November 08: [Mars in the Loop](ap181108.html)
2018 November 07: [NGC 6188: The Dragons of Ara](ap181107.html)
2018 November 06: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap181106.html)
2018 November 05: [IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula](ap181105.html)
2018 November 04: [Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert](ap181104.html)
2018 November 03: [Lunar LOVE](ap181103.html)
2018 November 02: [Cygnus Shell Supernova Remnant W63](ap181102.html)
2018 November 01: [Hayabusa2 Ascends from Asteroid Ryugu](ap181101.html)
2018 October 31: [R Leporis: A Vampire's Star](ap181031.html)
2018 October 30: [Orionids Meteors over Inner Mongolia](ap181030.html)
2018 October 29: [Shells of Stars in Elliptical Galaxy PGC 42871](ap181029.html)
2018 October 28: [Ultraviolet Earth from an Observatory on the Moon](ap181028.html)
2018 October 27: [Airglow Borealis](ap181027.html)
2018 October 26: [IC 59 and IC 63 in Cassiopeia](ap181026.html)
2018 October 25: [Barnard 150: Seahorse in Cepheus](ap181025.html)
2018 October 24: [Light Pillars over Whitefish Bay](ap181024.html)
2018 October 23: [Hyperion: Largest Known Galaxy Proto Supercluster](ap181023.html)
2018 October 22: [Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3](ap181022.html)
2018 October 21: [Meteor, Comet, and Seagull (Nebula)](ap181021.html)
2018 October 20: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap181020.html)
2018 October 19: [Summer to Winter Milky Way](ap181019.html)
2018 October 18: [Cherenkov Telescope at Sunset](ap181018.html)
2018 October 17: [M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster](ap181017.html)
2018 October 16: [Jupiter in Ultraviolet from Hubble](ap181016.html)
2018 October 15: [M16: In and Around the Eagle Nebula](ap181015.html)
2018 October 14: [Orion in Red and Blue](ap181014.html)
2018 October 13: [Skygazers on the Beach](ap181013.html)
2018 October 12: [The Falcon 9 Nebula](ap181012.html)
2018 October 11: [West Coast Launch and Landing](ap181011.html)
2018 October 10: [Sun Dance](ap181010.html)
2018 October 09: [NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap181009.html)
2018 October 08: [Comet 12P Between Rosette and Cone Nebulas](ap181008.html)
2018 October 07: [The Scale of the Universe Interactive](ap181007.html)
2018 October 06: [Aurora: The Frog's View](ap181006.html)
2018 October 05: [The Last Days of Venus as the Evening Star](ap181005.html)
2018 October 04: [Opportunity After the Storm](ap181004.html)
2018 October 03: [NGC 1898: Globular Cluster in the LMC](ap181003.html)
2018 October 02: [Supernumerary Rainbows over New Jersey](ap181002.html)
2018 October 01: [The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral](ap181001.html)
2018 September 30: [The Lonely Neutron Star in Supernova E0102 72.3](ap180930.html)
2018 September 29: [55 Nights with Saturn](ap180929.html)
2018 September 28: [The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty](ap180928.html)
2018 September 27: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap180927.html)
2018 September 26: [The Suns Spectrum with its Missing Colors](ap180926.html)
2018 September 25: [Highlights of the North Autumn Sky](ap180925.html)
2018 September 24: [Rover 1A Hops on Asteroid Ryugu](ap180924.html)
2018 September 23: [Equinox: Analemma over the Callanish Stones](ap180923.html)
2018 September 22: [Window Seat over Hudson Bay](ap180922.html)
2018 September 21: [Irregular Galaxy NGC 55](ap180921.html)
2018 September 20: [Stars and Dust in Corona Australis](ap180920.html)
2018 September 19: [Cocoon Nebula Deep Field](ap180919.html)
2018 September 18: [Salt Pepper and Ice](ap180918.html)
2018 September 17: [Cosmic Collision Forges Galactic Ring](ap180917.html)
2018 September 16: [A Solar Filament Erupts](ap180916.html)
2018 September 15: [Mont Blanc, Meteor, and Milky Way](ap180915.html)
2018 September 14: [Ice Halos at Yellowknife](ap180914.html)
2018 September 13: [Comet, Clusters, and Nebulae](ap180913.html)
2018 September 12: [Lunations](ap180912.html)
2018 September 11: [Milky Way over Trolls Tongue](ap180911.html)
2018 September 10: [Curiosity Vista from Vera Rubin Ridge](ap180910.html)
2018 September 09: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap180909.html)
2018 September 08: [Real Time Perseid](ap180908.html)
2018 September 07: [Saturn's North Polar Hexagon](ap180907.html)
2018 September 06: [Along the Western Veil](ap180906.html)
2018 September 05: [NGC 3682: Sideways Spiral Galaxy](ap180905.html)
2018 September 04: [Moon behind Lava Fountain](ap180904.html)
2018 September 03: [Aurora around Saturns North Pole](ap180903.html)
2018 September 02: [A Powerful Solar Flare](ap180902.html)
2018 September 01: [Aerosol Earth](ap180901.html)
2018 August 31: [Close Mars](ap180831.html)
2018 August 30: [The NGC 6914 Complex](ap180830.html)
2018 August 29: [Nearby Cepheid Variable RS Pup](ap180829.html)
2018 August 28: [Sea and Sky Glows over the Oregon Coast](ap180828.html)
2018 August 27: [Total Solar Eclipse Shadow from a Balloon](ap180827.html)
2018 August 26: [Fire on Earth](ap180826.html)
2018 August 25: [Stripping ESO 137-001](ap180825.html)
2018 August 24: [Messier 20 and 21](ap180824.html)
2018 August 23: [Comet, Heart, and Soul](ap180823.html)
2018 August 22: [Asteroid Ryugu from Hayabusa2](ap180822.html)
2018 August 21: [Glowing Elements in the Soul Nebula](ap180821.html)
2018 August 20: [Active Prominences on a Quiet Sun](ap180820.html)
2018 August 19: [Asperitas Clouds Over New Zealand](ap180819.html)
2018 August 18: [Seeing Titan](ap180818.html)
2018 August 17: [Perseid Fireball and Persistent Train](ap180817.html)
2018 August 16: [Parker vs Perseid](ap180816.html)
2018 August 15: [Launch of the Parker Solar Probe](ap180815.html)
2018 August 14: [M86 in the Central Virgo Cluster](ap180814.html)
2018 August 13: [The Pencil Nebula in Red and Blue](ap180813.html)
2018 August 12: [Meteor before Galaxy](ap180812.html)
2018 August 11: [Moon, Mars, and Milky Way](ap180811.html)
2018 August 10: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744](ap180810.html)
2018 August 09: [Red Planet, Red Moon, and Mars](ap180809.html)
2018 August 08: [Animation: Perseid Meteor Shower](ap180808.html)
2018 August 07: [Eclipsed Moon and Mars over Mountains](ap180807.html)
2018 August 06: [Live: Cosmic Rays from Minnesota](ap180806.html)
2018 August 05: [Trapezium: At the Heart of Orion](ap180805.html)
2018 August 04: [Central Cygnus Skyscape](ap180804.html)
2018 August 03: [Central Lunar Eclipse](ap180803.html)
2018 August 02: [Eclipse over the Gulf of Poets](ap180802.html)
2018 August 01: [The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust](ap180801.html)
2018 July 31: [Layers of the South Pole of Mars](ap180731.html)
2018 July 30: [Lunar Eclipse over Rio](ap180730.html)
2018 July 29: [Journey to the Center of the Galaxy](ap180729.html)
2018 July 28: [One Night, One Telescope, One Camera](ap180728.html)
2018 July 27: [Mars Opposition](ap180727.html)
2018 July 26: [Barnard 228: The Dark Wolf Nebula in Lupus](ap180726.html)
2018 July 25: [The Edge-On Spindle Galaxy](ap180725.html)
2018 July 24: [Clouds of Earth and Sky](ap180724.html)
2018 July 23: [Fermi Science Finals](ap180723.html)
2018 July 22: [Planck Maps the Microwave Background](ap180722.html)
2018 July 21: [Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama](ap180721.html)
2018 July 20: [The Teapot and the Milky Way](ap180720.html)
2018 July 19: [Cerealia Facula](ap180719.html)
2018 July 18: [Dark Slope Streaks Split on Mars](ap180718.html)
2018 July 17: [Moon and Venus over Cannon Beach](ap180717.html)
2018 July 16: [Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet](ap180716.html)
2018 July 15: [Rings Around the Ring Nebula](ap180715.html)
2018 July 14: [A Nibble on the Sun](ap180714.html)
2018 July 13: [Star Trails and the Bracewell Radio Sundial](ap180713.html)
2018 July 12: [Centaurus A](ap180712.html)
2018 July 11: [Symbiotic R Aquarii](ap180711.html)
2018 July 10: [Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks](ap180710.html)
2018 July 09: [Road to Mars](ap180709.html)
2018 July 08: [The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi](ap180708.html)
2018 July 07: [A Northern Summer's Night](ap180707.html)
2018 July 06: [Charon: Moon of Pluto](ap180706.html)
2018 July 05: [Shadow Rise on the Inside Passage](ap180705.html)
2018 July 04: [Dawn's Early Light, Rocket's Red Glare](ap180704.html)
2018 July 03: [An Airplane in Front of the Moon](ap180703.html)
2018 July 02: [From the Galactic Plane through Antares](ap180702.html)
2018 July 01: [Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus](ap180701.html)
2018 June 30: [The East 96th Street Moon](ap180630.html)
2018 June 29: [Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud](ap180629.html)
2018 June 28: [Sigma Octantis and Friends](ap180628.html)
2018 June 27: [Highlights of the Summer Sky](ap180627.html)
2018 June 26: [Dark Nebulas across Taurus](ap180626.html)
2018 June 25: [Hayabusa2 Approaches Asteroid Ryugu](ap180625.html)
2018 June 24: [Rocket Plume Shadow Points to the Moon](ap180624.html)
2018 June 23: [Curiosity's Dusty Self](ap180623.html)
2018 June 22: [Galaxy in a Crystal Ball](ap180622.html)
2018 June 21: [Northern Lights and Noctilucent Clouds](ap180621.html)
2018 June 20: [Pillars of the Eagle Nebula in Infrared](ap180620.html)
2018 June 19: [Ancients of Sea and Sky](ap180619.html)
2018 June 18: [An Active Prominence on the Sun](ap180618.html)
2018 June 17: [Mars Engulfed](ap180617.html)
2018 June 16: [Dusty With a Chance of Dust](ap180616.html)
2018 June 15: [Little Planet Soyuz](ap180615.html)
2018 June 14: [Six Planets from Yosemite](ap180614.html)
2018 June 13: [Red Cloudbow over Delaware](ap180613.html)
2018 June 12: [Star Size Comparison 2](ap180612.html)
2018 June 11: [At Last GLAST](ap180611.html)
2018 June 10: [The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble](ap180610.html)
2018 June 09: [Countryside Mars and Milky Way](ap180609.html)
2018 June 08: [Fermi Science Playoffs](ap180608.html)
2018 June 07: [The Clash of NGC 3256](ap180607.html)
2018 June 06: [A Sun Pillar over Norway](ap180606.html)
2018 June 05: [Complex Jupiter](ap180605.html)
2018 June 04: [Moon Setting Behind Teide Volcano](ap180604.html)
2018 June 03: [Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon](ap180603.html)
2018 June 02: [Jupiter Season, Hawaiian Sky](ap180602.html)
2018 June 01: [Mars Approach](ap180601.html)
2018 May 31: [NGC 6744 Close Up](ap180531.html)
2018 May 30: [The Case of the Backwards Orbiting Asteroid](ap180530.html)
2018 May 29: [Aurora and Manicouagan Crater from the Space Station](ap180529.html)
2018 May 28: [Seven Dusty Sisters](ap180528.html)
2018 May 27: [Coronal Rain on the Sun](ap180527.html)
2018 May 26: [Titan: Moon over Saturn](ap180526.html)
2018 May 25: [Galaxies Away](ap180525.html)
2018 May 24: [The Gum Nebula Expanse](ap180524.html)
2018 May 23: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 4038 in Collision](ap180523.html)
2018 May 22: [Craters and Shadows at the Lunar Terminator](ap180522.html)
2018 May 21: [Jupiter Cloud Animation from Juno](ap180521.html)
2018 May 20: [In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula](ap180520.html)
2018 May 19: [Reflections of Venus and Moon](ap180519.html)
2018 May 18: [Attack of the Laser Guide Stars](ap180518.html)
2018 May 17: [Milky Way vs Airglow Australis](ap180517.html)
2018 May 16: [Rotation of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap180516.html)
2018 May 15: [Kepler's House in Linz](ap180515.html)
2018 May 14: [Saturn's Hyperion in Natural Color](ap180514.html)
2018 May 13: [Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning](ap180513.html)
2018 May 12: [A Plurality of Singularities at the Galactic Center](ap180512.html)
2018 May 11: [NGC 1360: The Robin's Egg Nebula](ap180511.html)
2018 May 10: [Galaxies in the River](ap180510.html)
2018 May 09: [The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble](ap180509.html)
2018 May 08: [The Observable Universe](ap180508.html)
2018 May 07: [The Unusual Boulder at Tychos Peak](ap180507.html)
2018 May 06: [Meteors, Planes, and a Galaxy over Bryce Canyon](ap180506.html)
2018 May 05: [Stickney Crater](ap180505.html)
2018 May 04: [The View Toward M101](ap180504.html)
2018 May 03: [Opposite the Setting Sun](ap180503.html)
2018 May 02: [Moon Halo over Stone Circle](ap180502.html)
2018 May 01: [The Aurora and the Sunrise](ap180501.html)
2018 April 30: [Total Solar Eclipse Corona in HDR](ap180430.html)
2018 April 29: [Wanderers](ap180429.html)
2018 April 28: [Magellanic Mountain](ap180428.html)
2018 April 27: [Gaia's Milky Way](ap180427.html)
2018 April 26: [The Snows of Churyumov-Gerasimenko](ap180426.html)
2018 April 25: [Hubble's Jupiter and the Shrinking Great Red Spot](ap180425.html)
2018 April 24: [Play Saturn's Rings Like a Harp](ap180424.html)
2018 April 23: [The Blue Horsehead Nebula in Infrared](ap180423.html)
2018 April 22: [Meteor Over Crater Lake](ap180422.html)
2018 April 21: [TESS Launch Close Up](ap180421.html)
2018 April 20: [Moon in the Hyades](ap180420.html)
2018 April 19: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap180419.html)
2018 April 18: [Milky Way over Deadvlei in Namibia](ap180418.html)
2018 April 17: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap180417.html)
2018 April 16: [Flyover of Jupiters North Pole in Infrared](ap180416.html)
2018 April 15: [Space Shuttle Rising](ap180415.html)
2018 April 14: [Martian Chiaroscuro](ap180414.html)
2018 April 13: [Facing NGC 3344](ap180413.html)
2018 April 12: [M22 and the Wanderers](ap180412.html)
2018 April 11: [Fortuitous Flash Candidate for the Farthest Star Yet Seen](ap180411.html)
2018 April 10: [Dragon Aurora over Norway](ap180410.html)
2018 April 09: [The Sun Unleashed: Monster Filament in Ultraviolet](ap180409.html)
2018 April 08: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap180408.html)
2018 April 07: [Painting with Jupiter](ap180407.html)
2018 April 06: [NGC 3324 in Carina](ap180406.html)
2018 April 05: [NGC 289: Swirl in the Southern Sky](ap180405.html)
2018 April 04: [Intrepid Crater on Mars from Opportunity](ap180404.html)
2018 April 03: [The Milky Way over the Seven Strong Men Rock Formations](ap180403.html)
2018 April 02: [Moons, Rings, Shadows, Clouds: Saturn (Cassini)](ap180402.html)
2018 April 01: [I Brought You the Moon](ap180401.html)
2018 March 31: [Twilight in a Western Sky](ap180331.html)
2018 March 30: [NGC 247 and Friends](ap180330.html)
2018 March 29: [NGC 2023 in the Horsehead's Shadow](ap180329.html)
2018 March 28: [Blue Moon Tree](ap180328.html)
2018 March 27: [Mars Between Nebulas](ap180327.html)
2018 March 26: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap180326.html)
2018 March 25: [Announcing Nova Carinae 2018](ap180325.html)
2018 March 24: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap180324.html)
2018 March 23: [Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula](ap180323.html)
2018 March 22: [NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe](ap180322.html)
2018 March 21: [Camera Orion](ap180321.html)
2018 March 20: [Chicagohenge: Equinox in an Aligned City](ap180320.html)
2018 March 19: [The Nebra Sky Disk](ap180319.html)
2018 March 18: [Rotating Moon from LRO](ap180318.html)
2018 March 17: [The Crab from Space](ap180317.html)
2018 March 16: [The Seagull and The Duck](ap180316.html)
2018 March 15: [Catalog Entry Number 1](ap180315.html)
2018 March 14: [Night Sky Highlights: March to May](ap180314.html)
2018 March 13: [The Complete Galactic Plane: Up and Down](ap180313.html)
2018 March 12: [Flying over the Earth at Night II](ap180312.html)
2018 March 11: [Dual Particle Beams in Herbig Haro 24](ap180311.html)
2018 March 10: [Phases of the Moon](ap180310.html)
2018 March 09: [Horsehead: A Wider View](ap180309.html)
2018 March 08: [Cyclones at Jupiter's North Pole](ap180308.html)
2018 March 07: [Arcs, Jets, and Shocks near NGC 1999](ap180307.html)
2018 March 06: [Colorful Airglow Bands Surround Milky Way](ap180306.html)
2018 March 05: [The Hubble Ultra Deep Field in Light and Sound](ap180305.html)
2018 March 04: [Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus](ap180304.html)
2018 March 03: [Southwest Mare Fecunditatis](ap180303.html)
2018 March 02: [Alborz Mountain Star Trails](ap180302.html)
2018 March 01: [The Lunar X](ap180301.html)
2018 February 28: [NGC 613 in Dust, Stars, and a Supernova](ap180228.html)
2018 February 27: [Dueling Bands in the Night](ap180227.html)
2018 February 26: [Passing Jupiter](ap180226.html)
2018 February 25: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap180225.html)
2018 February 24: [Facing NGC 6946](ap180224.html)
2018 February 23: [Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit](ap180223.html)
2018 February 22: [When Roses Aren't Red](ap180222.html)
2018 February 21: [Jupiter in Infrared from Hubble](ap180221.html)
2018 February 20: [A Partial Solar Eclipse over Buenos Aires](ap180220.html)
2018 February 19: [Galaxy Formation in a Magnetic Universe](ap180219.html)
2018 February 18: [LL Ori and the Orion Nebula](ap180218.html)
2018 February 17: [Manhattan Skylines](ap180217.html)
2018 February 16: [Comet PanSTARRS is near the Edge](ap180216.html)
2018 February 15: [Enceladus in Silhouette](ap180215.html)
2018 February 14: [In the Heart of the Heart Nebula](ap180214.html)
2018 February 13: [Car Orbiting Earth](ap180213.html)
2018 February 12: [Blue Comet Meets Blue Stars](ap180212.html)
2018 February 11: [A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay](ap180211.html)
2018 February 10: [Roadster, Starman, Planet Earth](ap180210.html)
2018 February 09: [Total Solar Lunar Eclipse](ap180209.html)
2018 February 08: [Bow Tie Moon and Star Trails](ap180208.html)
2018 February 07: [NGC 7331 Close-Up](ap180207.html)
2018 February 06: [Galaxy NGC 474: Shells and Star Streams](ap180206.html)
2018 February 05: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula Expanding](ap180205.html)
2018 February 04: [Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun](ap180204.html)
2018 February 03: [Earthshadow and the Beehive](ap180203.html)
2018 February 02: [Moonrise Eclipse](ap180202.html)
2018 February 01: [Moonset Eclipse](ap180201.html)
2018 January 31: [The First Explorer](ap180131.html)
2018 January 30: [Venus at Night in Infrared from Akatsuki](ap180130.html)
2018 January 29: [The Spider and The Fly](ap180129.html)
2018 January 28: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan](ap180128.html)
2018 January 27: [Laguna Starry Sky](ap180127.html)
2018 January 26: [Selfie at Vera Rubin Ridge](ap180126.html)
2018 January 25: [Cartwheel of Fortune](ap180125.html)
2018 January 24: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap180124.html)
2018 January 23: [Ribbons and Pearls of Spiral Galaxy NGC 1398](ap180123.html)
2018 January 22: [An Immersive Visualization of the Galactic Center](ap180122.html)
2018 January 21: [The Upper Michigan Blizzard of 1938](ap180121.html)
2018 January 20: [Old Moon in the New Moon's Arms](ap180120.html)
2018 January 19: [Clouds in the LMC](ap180119.html)
2018 January 18: [Blue Comet in the Hyades](ap180118.html)
2018 January 17: [In the Valley of Orion](ap180117.html)
2018 January 16: [An Elephant's Trunk in Cepheus](ap180116.html)
2018 January 15: [Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula](ap180115.html)
2018 January 14: [Three Galaxies and a Comet](ap180114.html)
2018 January 13: [Launch and Landing](ap180113.html)
2018 January 12: [Blue Comet PanSTARRS](ap180112.html)
2018 January 11: [RCW 114: A Dragon's Heart in Ara](ap180111.html)
2018 January 10: [NGC 2623: Merging Galaxies from Hubble](ap180110.html)
2018 January 09: [Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble](ap180109.html)
2018 January 08: [Clouds of Andromeda](ap180108.html)
2018 January 07: [A Tether in Space](ap180107.html)
2018 January 06: [Planets on the Wing](ap180106.html)
2018 January 05: [Carina over Lake Ballard](ap180105.html)
2018 January 04: [M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab](ap180104.html)
2018 January 03: [The Helix Nebula from CFHT](ap180103.html)
2018 January 02: [Unexpected X-Rays from Perseus Galaxy Cluster](ap180102.html)
2018 January 01: [Sun Halo over Sweden](ap180101.html)
2017 December 31: [To Fly Free in Space](ap171231.html)
2017 December 30: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap171230.html)
2017 December 29: [M78 Wide Field](ap171229.html)
2017 December 28: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap171228.html)
2017 December 27: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap171227.html)
2017 December 26: [Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap171226.html)
2017 December 25: [Fireball in the Arctic](ap171225.html)
2017 December 24: [SpaceX Rocket Launch Plume over California](ap171224.html)
2017 December 23: [Phaethon's Brood](ap171223.html)
2017 December 22: [Gemini's Meteors](ap171222.html)
2017 December 21: [Solstice Sun and Milky Way](ap171221.html)
2017 December 20: [How to Wash Your Hair in Space](ap171220.html)
2017 December 19: [The Spiral North Pole of Mars](ap171219.html)
2017 December 18: [The Kepler 90 Planetary System](ap171218.html)
2017 December 17: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap171217.html)
2017 December 16: [A Wintry Shower](ap171216.html)
2017 December 15: [Geminids of the North](ap171215.html)
2017 December 14: [Jupiter Diving](ap171214.html)
2017 December 13: [Meteors over Inner Mongolia](ap171213.html)
2017 December 12: [Highlights of the Winter Sky](ap171212.html)
2017 December 11: [Mercury Visualized from MESSENGER](ap171211.html)
2017 December 10: [In Green Company: Aurora over Norway](ap171210.html)
2017 December 09: [Stardust in Aries](ap171209.html)
2017 December 08: [Alpine Superga Moonset](ap171208.html)
2017 December 07: [All the Eclipses of 2017](ap171207.html)
2017 December 06: [HH 666: Carina Dust Pillar with Jet](ap171206.html)
2017 December 05: [A Horizon with Blue and Red](ap171205.html)
2017 December 04: [Earth and Moon](ap171204.html)
2017 December 03: [Full Moon Silhouettes](ap171203.html)
2017 December 02: [Messier Craters in Stereo](ap171202.html)
2017 December 01: [North America and the Pelican](ap171201.html)
2017 November 30: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap171130.html)
2017 November 29: [M42: The Great Orion Nebula](ap171129.html)
2017 November 28: [Juno Spots a Complex Storm on Jupiter](ap171128.html)
2017 November 27: [Hurricane Season Animated](ap171127.html)
2017 November 26: [Our Story in One Minute](ap171126.html)
2017 November 25: [Crossing Horizons](ap171125.html)
2017 November 24: [Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater](ap171124.html)
2017 November 23: [Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka](ap171123.html)
2017 November 22: ['Oumuamua: Interstellar Asteroid](ap171122.html)
2017 November 21: [Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain](ap171121.html)
2017 November 20: [Curiosity Rover Takes Selfie on Mars](ap171120.html)
2017 November 19: [NGC 7822: Stars and Dust Pillars in Infrared](ap171119.html)
2017 November 18: [Friday the Moon Smiled](ap171118.html)
2017 November 17: [Major Fireball Meteor](ap171117.html)
2017 November 16: [The Tarantula Nebula](ap171116.html)
2017 November 15: [NGC 7789: Caroline's Rose](ap171115.html)
2017 November 14: [The Pleiades Deep and Dusty](ap171114.html)
2017 November 13: [Comet Machholz Approaches the Sun](ap171113.html)
2017 November 12: [A Happy Sky over Los Angeles](ap171112.html)
2017 November 11: [A Colourful Moon](ap171111.html)
2017 November 10: [Williamina Fleming's Triangular Wisp](ap171110.html)
2017 November 09: [NGC 1055 Close-up](ap171109.html)
2017 November 08: [NGC 2261: Hubble's Variable Nebula](ap171108.html)
2017 November 07: [The Prague Astronomical Clock](ap171107.html)
2017 November 06: [A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P](ap171106.html)
2017 November 05: [A Year of Full Moons](ap171105.html)
2017 November 04: [Hubble s Messier 5](ap171104.html)
2017 November 03: [A/2017 U1: An Interstellar Visitor](ap171103.html)
2017 November 02: [NGC 891 vs Abell 347](ap171102.html)
2017 November 01: [Thor's Helmet Emission Nebula](ap171101.html)
2017 October 31: [Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe](ap171031.html)
2017 October 30: [Orionid Meteors from Orion](ap171030.html)
2017 October 29: [Night on a Spooky Planet](ap171029.html)
2017 October 28: [NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula](ap171028.html)
2017 October 27: [Mirach's Ghost](ap171027.html)
2017 October 26: [NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea](ap171026.html)
2017 October 25: [Marius Hills: Holes in the Moon](ap171025.html)
2017 October 24: [Where Your Elements Came From](ap171024.html)
2017 October 23: [NGC 4993: The Galactic Home of an Historic Explosion](ap171023.html)
2017 October 22: [Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75](ap171022.html)
2017 October 21: [Lynds Dark Nebula 183](ap171021.html)
2017 October 20: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap171020.html)
2017 October 19: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap171019.html)
2017 October 18: [Stars and Dust in Corona Australis](ap171018.html)
2017 October 17: [Haumea of the Outer Solar System](ap171017.html)
2017 October 16: [GW170817: A Spectacular Multiradiation Merger Event](ap171016.html)
2017 October 15: [On the Origin of Gold](ap171015.html)
2017 October 14: [All Sky Steve](ap171014.html)
2017 October 13: [Under the Galaxy](ap171013.html)
2017 October 12: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap171012.html)
2017 October 11: [Star Cluster NGC 362 from Hubble](ap171011.html)
2017 October 10: [Milky Way and Zodiacal Light over Australian Pinnacles](ap171010.html)
2017 October 09: [Unusual Mountain Ahuna Mons on Asteroid Ceres](ap171009.html)
2017 October 08: [Dark Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap171008.html)
2017 October 07: [Eclipsosaurus Rex](ap171007.html)
2017 October 06: [Global Aurora at Mars](ap171006.html)
2017 October 05: [Pluto's Bladed Terrain](ap171005.html)
2017 October 04: [The Soul Nebula in Infrared from Herschel](ap171004.html)
2017 October 03: [Ice Ring around Nearby Star Fomalhaut](ap171003.html)
2017 October 02: [Two Comets and a Star Cluster](ap171002.html)
2017 October 01: [Concept Plane: Supersonic Green Machine](ap171001.html)
2017 September 30: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap170930.html)
2017 September 29: [Puppis A Supernova Remnant](ap170929.html)
2017 September 28: [LIGO Virgo GW170814 Skymap](ap170928.html)
2017 September 27: [Layers of a Total Solar Eclipse](ap170927.html)
2017 September 26: [Cassinis Last Ring Portrait at Saturn](ap170926.html)
2017 September 25: [Massive Shell Expelling Star G79 29 0 46](ap170925.html)
2017 September 24: [How to Identify that Light in the Sky](ap170924.html)
2017 September 23: [A Conjunction of Comets](ap170923.html)
2017 September 22: [Solar Eclipse Solargraph](ap170922.html)
2017 September 21: [A September Morning Sky](ap170921.html)
2017 September 20: [The Big Corona](ap170920.html)
2017 September 19: [Veil Nebula: Wisps of an Exploded Star](ap170919.html)
2017 September 18: [Orion above Easter Island](ap170918.html)
2017 September 17: [Bright Spiral Galaxy M81](ap170917.html)
2017 September 16: [Cassini's Final Image](ap170916.html)
2017 September 15: [100 Steps Forward](ap170915.html)
2017 September 14: [Flare Well AR2673](ap170914.html)
2017 September 13: [NGC 6334: The Cats Paw Nebula](ap170913.html)
2017 September 12: [A Total Solar Eclipse Close Up in Real Time](ap170912.html)
2017 September 11: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap170911.html)
2017 September 10: [Swirling Around the Eye of Hurricane Irma](ap170910.html)
2017 September 09: [Calm Waters and Geomagnetic Storm](ap170909.html)
2017 September 08: [The Great Gig in the Sky](ap170908.html)
2017 September 07: [The Flash Spectrum of the Sun](ap170907.html)
2017 September 06: [The Climber and the Eclipse](ap170906.html)
2017 September 05: [Europa and Jupiter from Voyager 1](ap170905.html)
2017 September 04: [Saturn's Rings from the Inside Out](ap170904.html)
2017 September 03: [A Waterspout in Florida](ap170903.html)
2017 September 02: [Milky Way Voyager](ap170902.html)
2017 September 01: [A First Glimpse of the Great American Eclipse](ap170901.html)
2017 August 31: [Lunar View, Solar Eclipse](ap170831.html)
2017 August 30: [Panoramic Eclipse Composite with Star Trails](ap170830.html)
2017 August 29: [Saturn in Blue and Gold](ap170829.html)
2017 August 28: [A Fleeting Double Eclipse of the Sun](ap170828.html)
2017 August 27: [The Heart Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur](ap170827.html)
2017 August 26: [Hurricane Harvey Strengthens](ap170826.html)
2017 August 25: [Diamond Ring in a Cloudy Sky](ap170825.html)
2017 August 24: [The Eagle and The Swan](ap170824.html)
2017 August 23: [The Crown of the Sun](ap170823.html)
2017 August 22: [A Total Solar Eclipse over Wyoming](ap170822.html)
2017 August 21: [Milky Way over Chilean Volcanoes](ap170821.html)
2017 August 20: [Time Lapse: A Total Solar Eclipse](ap170820.html)
2017 August 19: [Total Solar Eclipse of 1979](ap170819.html)
2017 August 18: [Perseids over the Pyrenees](ap170818.html)
2017 August 17: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap170817.html)
2017 August 16: [Perseid by the Sea](ap170816.html)
2017 August 15: [Stars, Gas, and Dust Battle in the Carina Nebula](ap170815.html)
2017 August 14: [Charon Flyover from New Horizons](ap170814.html)
2017 August 13: [Detailed View of a Solar Eclipse Corona](ap170813.html)
2017 August 12: [A Day in the Life of a Human Sundial](ap170812.html)
2017 August 11: [A Total Solar Eclipse of Saros 145](ap170811.html)
2017 August 10: [Night of the Perseids](ap170810.html)
2017 August 09: [August's Lunar Eclipse](ap170809.html)
2017 August 08: [Density Waves in Saturn's Rings from Cassini](ap170808.html)
2017 August 07: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Inner Ring](ap170807.html)
2017 August 06: [Milky Way and Exploding Meteor](ap170806.html)
2017 August 05: [Gravity's Grin](ap170805.html)
2017 August 04: [North North Temperate Zone Little Red Spot](ap170804.html)
2017 August 03: [Pelican Nebula Close Up](ap170803.html)
2017 August 02: [The Dust Monster in IC 1396](ap170802.html)
2017 August 01: [Perseid Meteors over Turkey](ap170801.html)
2017 July 31: [Pluto Flyover from New Horizons](ap170731.html)
2017 July 30: [A Total Eclipse at the End of the World](ap170730.html)
2017 July 29: [Aurora Slathers up the Sky](ap170729.html)
2017 July 28: [Noodle Mosaic of Saturn](ap170728.html)
2017 July 27: [A Sagittarius Triplet](ap170727.html)
2017 July 26: [The Milky Way over Monument Valley](ap170726.html)
2017 July 25: [Int Ball Drone Activated on the Space Station](ap170725.html)
2017 July 24: [A Hybrid Solar Eclipse over Kenya](ap170724.html)
2017 July 23: [Mercury as Revealed by MESSENGER](ap170723.html)
2017 July 22: [Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun](ap170722.html)
2017 July 21: [Phobos: Moon over Mars](ap170721.html)
2017 July 20: [IC 1396: Emission Nebula in Cepheus](ap170720.html)
2017 July 19: [Ireson Hill on Mars](ap170719.html)
2017 July 18: [Thunder Moon over Pisa](ap170718.html)
2017 July 17: [Moon Shadow versus Sun Reflection](ap170717.html)
2017 July 16: [Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats](ap170716.html)
2017 July 15: [Close up of the Great Red Spot](ap170715.html)
2017 July 14: [NGC 4449: Close up of a Small Galaxy](ap170714.html)
2017 July 13: [Full Moon and Boston Light](ap170713.html)
2017 July 12: [Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy](ap170712.html)
2017 July 11: [Star Cluster Omega Centauri in HDR](ap170711.html)
2017 July 10: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512: The Nuclear Ring](ap170710.html)
2017 July 09: [Earth at Night](ap170709.html)
2017 July 08: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342](ap170708.html)
2017 July 07: [A View Toward M106](ap170707.html)
2017 July 06: [Atlas, Daphnis, and Pan](ap170706.html)
2017 July 05: [Aphelion Sunrise](ap170705.html)
2017 July 04: [Celestial Fireworks: Into Star Cluster Westerlund 2](ap170704.html)
2017 July 03: [The Summer Triangle over the Great Wall](ap170703.html)
2017 July 02: [Mountains of Dust in the Carina Nebula](ap170702.html)
2017 July 01: [3D Lava Falls of Mars](ap170701.html)
2017 June 30: [NGC 7814: The Little Sombrero in Pegasus](ap170630.html)
2017 June 29: [Symbiotic R Aquarii](ap170629.html)
2017 June 28: [Composite Messier 20 and 21](ap170628.html)
2017 June 27: [The M81 Galaxy Group through the Integrated Flux Nebula](ap170627.html)
2017 June 26: [Artistic Impression: The Surface of TRAPPIST 1f](ap170626.html)
2017 June 25: [The N44 Superbubble](ap170625.html)
2017 June 24: [Markarian's Chain to Messier 64](ap170624.html)
2017 June 23: [Solstice Conjunction over Budapest](ap170623.html)
2017 June 22: [Northern Summer on Titan](ap170622.html)
2017 June 21: [A Sundial that Shows Solstice](ap170621.html)
2017 June 20: [The Massive Stars in Westerlund 1](ap170620.html)
2017 June 19: [Eclipse Across America: Path Prediction Video](ap170619.html)
2017 June 18: [Views from Cassini at Saturn](ap170618.html)
2017 June 17: [Saturn near Opposition](ap170617.html)
2017 June 16: [Manhattan Moonrise](ap170616.html)
2017 June 15: [Red Sprites over the Channel](ap170615.html)
2017 June 14: [M89: Elliptical Galaxy with Outer Shells and Plumes](ap170614.html)
2017 June 13: [The Great Nebula in Carina](ap170613.html)
2017 June 12: [An Unusual Hole in Mars](ap170612.html)
2017 June 11: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap170611.html)
2017 June 10: [Saturn in the Milky Way](ap170610.html)
2017 June 09: [M27 Not a Comet](ap170609.html)
2017 June 08: [Firefall by Moonlight](ap170608.html)
2017 June 07: [Orbiting Jupiter](ap170607.html)
2017 June 06: [The Case of the Missing Star](ap170606.html)
2017 June 05: [Highlights of the Summer Sky](ap170605.html)
2017 June 04: [Orion: Belt, Flame, and Horsehead](ap170604.html)
2017 June 03: [Perijove Passage](ap170603.html)
2017 June 02: [Black Holes of Known Mass](ap170602.html)
2017 June 01: [Shadowrise and Sunset](ap170601.html)
2017 May 31: [Approaching the Bubble Nebula](ap170531.html)
2017 May 30: [A Kalahari Sky](ap170530.html)
2017 May 29: [Beneath Jupiter](ap170529.html)
2017 May 28: [Collapse in Hebes Chasma on Mars](ap170528.html)
2017 May 27: [Comet Clark is near the Edge.](ap170527.html)
2017 May 26: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744](ap170526.html)
2017 May 25: [Star Cluster, Spiral Galaxy, Supernova](ap170525.html)
2017 May 24: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap170524.html)
2017 May 23: [Approaching Jupiter](ap170523.html)
2017 May 22: [A Zodiacal Sky over Horseshoe Bend](ap170522.html)
2017 May 21: [In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap170521.html)
2017 May 20: [A View Toward M101](ap170520.html)
2017 May 19: [Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte](ap170519.html)
2017 May 18: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap170518.html)
2017 May 17: [Galaxy Group Hickson 90](ap170517.html)
2017 May 16: [Gemini Stars Pollux and Castor](ap170516.html)
2017 May 15: [Lightning Storm Moves Across the USA](ap170515.html)
2017 May 14: [Ganymede: The Largest Moon](ap170514.html)
2017 May 13: [Planet Aurora](ap170513.html)
2017 May 12: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap170512.html)
2017 May 11: [The Multiwavelength Crab](ap170511.html)
2017 May 10: [UGC 1810: Wildly Interacting Galaxy from Hubble](ap170510.html)
2017 May 09: [Big Dipper Above and Below Chilean Volcanoes](ap170509.html)
2017 May 08: [Ancient Ogunquit Beach on Mars](ap170508.html)
2017 May 07: [Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula](ap170507.html)
2017 May 06: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 370 and Beyond](ap170506.html)
2017 May 05: [The Bull's Eye and the Young Moon](ap170505.html)
2017 May 04: [The Perseus Cluster Waves](ap170504.html)
2017 May 03: [NGC 3628: The Hamburger Galaxy](ap170503.html)
2017 May 02: [Approach above Sunset](ap170502.html)
2017 May 01: [Cooling Neutron Star](ap170501.html)
2017 April 30: [Cassini Looks Out from Saturn](ap170430.html)
2017 April 29: [Arches of Spring](ap170429.html)
2017 April 28: [Exploring the Antennae](ap170428.html)
2017 April 27: [Lyrids in Southern Skies](ap170427.html)
2017 April 26: [Mt. Etna Lava Plume](ap170426.html)
2017 April 25: [A Split Ion Tail for Comet Lovejoy E4](ap170425.html)
2017 April 24: [A White Battle in the Black Sea](ap170424.html)
2017 April 23: [The Holographic Principle](ap170423.html)
2017 April 22: [Between the Rings](ap170422.html)
2017 April 21: [NGC 4302 and NGC 4298](ap170421.html)
2017 April 20: [Asteroid 2014 JO25](ap170420.html)
2017 April 19: [The Red Spider Planetary Nebula](ap170419.html)
2017 April 18: [Night Glows](ap170418.html)
2017 April 17: [Two Million Stars on the Move](ap170417.html)
2017 April 16: [Life Enabling Plumes above Enceladus](ap170416.html)
2017 April 15: [Luminous Salar de Uyuni](ap170415.html)
2017 April 14: [Earth Shadow over Damavand](ap170414.html)
2017 April 13: [Moons and Jupiter](ap170413.html)
2017 April 12: [Leo Trio](ap170412.html)
2017 April 11: [Man, Dog, Sun](ap170411.html)
2017 April 10: [Galaxy Cluster Gas Creates Hole in Microwave Background](ap170410.html)
2017 April 09: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap170409.html)
2017 April 08: [Zeta Oph: Runaway Star](ap170408.html)
2017 April 07: [Castle Eye View](ap170407.html)
2017 April 06: [Dark Nebula LDN 1622 and Barnard's Loop](ap170406.html)
2017 April 05: [Filaments of Active Galaxy NGC 1275](ap170405.html)
2017 April 04: [Plane Contrail and Sun Halo](ap170404.html)
2017 April 03: [Saturn in Infrared from Cassini](ap170403.html)
2017 April 02: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap170402.html)
2017 April 01: [Split the Universe](ap170401.html)
2017 March 31: [3D 67P](ap170331.html)
2017 March 30: [Young Stars and Dusty Nebulae in Taurus](ap170330.html)
2017 March 29: [Nebula with Laser Beams](ap170329.html)
2017 March 28: [King of Wings Hoodoo under the Milky Way](ap170328.html)
2017 March 27: [Black Hole Accreting with Jet](ap170327.html)
2017 March 26: [Tardigrade in Moss](ap170326.html)
2017 March 25: [Ganymede's Shadow](ap170325.html)
2017 March 24: [The Comet, the Owl, and the Galaxy](ap170324.html)
2017 March 23: [SH2-155: The Cave Nebula](ap170323.html)
2017 March 22: [Central Cygnus Skyscape](ap170322.html)
2017 March 21: [Fast Stars and Rogue Planets in the Orion Nebula](ap170321.html)
2017 March 20: [The Aurora Tree](ap170320.html)
2017 March 19: [Equinox on a Spinning Earth](ap170319.html)
2017 March 18: [JWST: Ghosts and Mirrors](ap170318.html)
2017 March 17: [Phases of Venus](ap170317.html)
2017 March 16: [Mimas in Saturnlight](ap170316.html)
2017 March 15: [The Cone Nebula from Hubble](ap170315.html)
2017 March 14: [A Dark Winter Sky over Monfrag�e National Park in Spain](ap170314.html)
2017 March 13: [Saturn's Moon Pan from Cassini](ap170313.html)
2017 March 12: [At the Heart of Orion](ap170312.html)
2017 March 11: [Reflections on vdB 31](ap170311.html)
2017 March 10: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 2666](ap170310.html)
2017 March 09: [Centaurus A](ap170309.html)
2017 March 08: [Dust, Gas, and Stars in the Orion Nebula](ap170308.html)
2017 March 07: [UGC 12591: The Fastest Rotating Galaxy Known](ap170307.html)
2017 March 06: [Colorful Aurora over Iceland](ap170306.html)
2017 March 05: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A](ap170305.html)
2017 March 04: [Still Life with Reflecting Dust](ap170304.html)
2017 March 03: [Sivan 2 to M31](ap170303.html)
2017 March 02: [Annular Eclipse After Sunrise](ap170302.html)
2017 March 01: [A Solar Eclipse with a Beaded Ring of Fire](ap170301.html)
2017 February 28: [A White Oval Cloud on Jupiter from Juno](ap170228.html)
2017 February 27: [Four Quasar Images Surround a Galaxy Lens](ap170227.html)
2017 February 26: [A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana](ap170226.html)
2017 February 25: [All Planets Panorama](ap170225.html)
2017 February 24: [NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group](ap170224.html)
2017 February 23: [Seven Worlds for TRAPPIST 1](ap170223.html)
2017 February 22: [Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn](ap170222.html)
2017 February 21: [An Active Night over the Magellan Telescopes](ap170221.html)
2017 February 20: [Almost Three Tails for Comet Encke](ap170220.html)
2017 February 19: [Black Sun and Inverted Starfield](ap170219.html)
2017 February 18: [Penumbral Eclipse Rising](ap170218.html)
2017 February 17: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660](ap170217.html)
2017 February 16: [The Tulip and Cygnus X 1](ap170216.html)
2017 February 15: [The Calabash Nebula from Hubble](ap170215.html)
2017 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap170214.html)
2017 February 13: [Cloud Swirls around Southern Jupiter from Juno](ap170213.html)
2017 February 12: [Comet 45P Passes Near the Earth](ap170212.html)
2017 February 11: [Solar System Portrait](ap170211.html)
2017 February 10: [Melotte 15 inthe Heart](ap170210.html)
2017 February 09: [Crescent Enceladus](ap170209.html)
2017 February 08: [The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble](ap170208.html)
2017 February 07: [NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula](ap170207.html)
2017 February 06: [The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble](ap170206.html)
2017 February 05: [Odysseus Crater on Tethys](ap170205.html)
2017 February 04: [Conjunction of Four](ap170204.html)
2017 February 03: [Milky Way with Airglow Australis](ap170203.html)
2017 February 02: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap170202.html)
2017 February 01: [Four Planets Orbiting Star HR 8799](ap170201.html)
2017 January 31: [Where to See the American Eclipse](ap170131.html)
2017 January 30: [The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble](ap170130.html)
2017 January 29: [Red Aurora Over Australia](ap170129.html)
2017 January 28: [N159 in the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap170128.html)
2017 January 27: [Venus Through Water Drops](ap170127.html)
2017 January 26: [GOES-16: Moon over Planet Earth](ap170126.html)
2017 January 25: [Cassini's Grand Finale Tour at Saturn](ap170125.html)
2017 January 24: [M78 and Orion Dust Reflections](ap170124.html)
2017 January 23: [Winter Hexagon over Manla Reservoir](ap170123.html)
2017 January 22: [SpaceX Falcon 9 to Orbit](ap170122.html)
2017 January 21: [Daphnis the Wavemaker](ap170121.html)
2017 January 20: [Layer Cake Sunset](ap170120.html)
2017 January 19: [The Elephant's Trunk Nebula in Cepheus](ap170119.html)
2017 January 18: [Space Station Vista: Planet and Galaxy](ap170118.html)
2017 January 17: [Fly Me to the Moon](ap170117.html)
2017 January 16: [Geostationary Highway through Orion](ap170116.html)
2017 January 15: [The Matter of the Bullet Cluster](ap170115.html)
2017 January 14: [Stardust in the Perseus Molecular cloud](ap170114.html)
2017 January 13: [When Mars met Neptune](ap170113.html)
2017 January 12: [Edge-On NGC 891](ap170112.html)
2017 January 11: [Mimas, Crater, and Mountain](ap170111.html)
2017 January 10: [Sentinels of a Northern Sky](ap170110.html)
2017 January 09: [In the Center of Spiral Galaxy NGC 5033](ap170109.html)
2017 January 08: [IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula](ap170108.html)
2017 January 07: [Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula](ap170107.html)
2017 January 06: [New York Harbor Moonset](ap170106.html)
2017 January 05: [Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273](ap170105.html)
2017 January 04: [Clouds of Andromeda](ap170104.html)
2017 January 03: [Pandora Close up at Saturn](ap170103.html)
2017 January 02: [Comet 45P Returns](ap170102.html)
2017 January 01: [A Full Sky Aurora Over Norway](ap170101.html)
2016 December 31: [Infrared Trifid](ap161231.html)
2016 December 30: [Lunar Farside](ap161230.html)
2016 December 29: [Shell Game in the LMC](ap161229.html)
2016 December 28: [Curiosity Surveys Lower Mount Sharp on Mars](ap161228.html)
2016 December 27: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap161227.html)
2016 December 26: [NGC 6357: Stellar Wonderland](ap161226.html)
2016 December 25: [The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula](ap161225.html)
2016 December 24: [Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap161224.html)
2016 December 23: [Once Upon a Solstice Eve](ap161223.html)
2016 December 22: [An Airplane Glory](ap161222.html)
2016 December 21: [Traces of the Sun](ap161221.html)
2016 December 20: [Sharpless 308: Star Bubble](ap161220.html)
2016 December 19: [Supermoon over Spanish Castle](ap161219.html)
2016 December 18: [The Cartwheel Galaxy from Hubble](ap161218.html)
2016 December 17: [Southern Jupiter from Perijove 3](ap161217.html)
2016 December 16: [Meteors vs Supermoon](ap161216.html)
2016 December 15: [Seagull to Sirius](ap161215.html)
2016 December 14: [The Lagoon Nebula in High Definition](ap161214.html)
2016 December 13: [Meteors over Four Girls Mountain](ap161213.html)
2016 December 12: [Over Saturn's Turbulent North Pole](ap161212.html)
2016 December 11: [The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi](ap161211.html)
2016 December 10: [The Lunar X](ap161210.html)
2016 December 09: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap161209.html)
2016 December 08: [Whirlpool with Comets](ap161208.html)
2016 December 07: [NGC 4696: Filaments around a Black Hole](ap161207.html)
2016 December 06: [Aurora over Jupiter's South Pole from Juno](ap161206.html)
2016 December 05: [Lightning over Colorado](ap161205.html)
2016 December 04: [Official Star Names for Orion](ap161204.html)
2016 December 03: [Galaxies in Pegasus](ap161203.html)
2016 December 02: [A Triple Star is Born](ap161202.html)
2016 December 01: [Flaming Star Nebula](ap161201.html)
2016 November 30: [Milky Way over Shipwreck](ap161130.html)
2016 November 29: [W5: The Soul of Star Formation](ap161129.html)
2016 November 28: [Arp 240: A Bridge between Spiral Galaxies from Hubble](ap161128.html)
2016 November 27: [Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System](ap161127.html)
2016 November 26: [East to West, Light and Shadow](ap161126.html)
2016 November 25: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap161125.html)
2016 November 24: [Ring Scan](ap161124.html)
2016 November 23: [NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea](ap161123.html)
2016 November 22: [Plutos Sputnik Planum](ap161122.html)
2016 November 21: [Nova over Thailand](ap161121.html)
2016 November 20: [NGC 4414: A Flocculent Spiral Galaxy](ap161120.html)
2016 November 19: [IC 5070: A Dusty Pelican in the Swan](ap161119.html)
2016 November 18: [Philadelphia Perigee Full Moon](ap161118.html)
2016 November 17: [Soyuz vs Supermoon](ap161117.html)
2016 November 16: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap161116.html)
2016 November 15: [Cold Weather Delayed over North America](ap161115.html)
2016 November 14: [Supermoon and Space Station](ap161114.html)
2016 November 13: [Super Moon vs Micro Moon](ap161113.html)
2016 November 12: [NGC 891 vs Abell 347](ap161112.html)
2016 November 11: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap161111.html)
2016 November 10: [Great Rift Near the Center of the Milky Way](ap161110.html)
2016 November 09: [M63: The Sunflower Galaxy from Hubble](ap161109.html)
2016 November 08: [The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula](ap161108.html)
2016 November 07: [Inverted City Beneath Clouds](ap161107.html)
2016 November 06: [Starburst Cluster in NGC 3603](ap161106.html)
2016 November 05: [ISS Fisheye Flythrough](ap161105.html)
2016 November 04: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap161104.html)
2016 November 03: [NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe](ap161103.html)
2016 November 02: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap161102.html)
2016 November 01: [Arp 299: Black Holes in Colliding Galaxies](ap161101.html)
2016 October 31: [Ghost Aurora over Canada](ap161031.html)
2016 October 30: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap161030.html)
2016 October 29: [Moonset at Whitby Abbey](ap161029.html)
2016 October 28: [Haunting the Cepheus Flare](ap161028.html)
2016 October 27: [A Giant Squid in the Flying Bat](ap161027.html)
2016 October 26: [Propeller Shadows on Saturn's Rings](ap161026.html)
2016 October 25: [Clouds Near Jupiter's South Pole from Juno](ap161025.html)
2016 October 24: [HI4PI: The Hydrogen Sky](ap161024.html)
2016 October 23: [Eagle Aurora over Norway](ap161023.html)
2016 October 22: [Cerro Tololo Trails](ap161022.html)
2016 October 21: [Full Moon in Mountain Shadow](ap161021.html)
2016 October 20: [The Tulip in the Swan](ap161020.html)
2016 October 19: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap161019.html)
2016 October 18: [The Antlia Cluster of Galaxies](ap161018.html)
2016 October 17: [An Atlas V Rocket Launches OSIRIS REx](ap161017.html)
2016 October 16: [Cylindrical Mountains on Venus](ap161016.html)
2016 October 15: [Gemini Observatory North](ap161015.html)
2016 October 14: [Herschel's Orion](ap161014.html)
2016 October 13: [Galaxies from the Altiplano](ap161013.html)
2016 October 12: [Penumbral Lunar Eclipse](ap161012.html)
2016 October 11: [The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation](ap161011.html)
2016 October 10: [The Winds of Earth](ap161010.html)
2016 October 09: [Hurricane Ivan from the Space Station](ap161009.html)
2016 October 08: [Moon, Mercury, and Twilight Radio](ap161008.html)
2016 October 07: [The Hydrogen Clouds of M33](ap161007.html)
2016 October 06: [Trifid, Lagoon, and Mars](ap161006.html)
2016 October 05: [A Crumbling Layered Butte on Mars](ap161005.html)
2016 October 04: [Nest of the Eagle Nebula](ap161004.html)
2016 October 03: [Explore Rosetta's Comet](ap161003.html)
2016 October 02: [Aurora Over White Dome Geyser](ap161002.html)
2016 October 01: [Rosetta's Farewell](ap161001.html)
2016 September 30: [Lynds Dark Nebula 1251](ap160930.html)
2016 September 29: [Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope](ap160929.html)
2016 September 28: [NGC 3576: The Statue of Liberty Nebula](ap160928.html)
2016 September 27: [Jupiter's Europa from Spacecraft Galileo](ap160927.html)
2016 September 26: [Gaia: Here Comes the Sun](ap160926.html)
2016 September 25: [Saturn from Above](ap160925.html)
2016 September 24: [Heart and Soul and Double Cluster](ap160924.html)
2016 September 23: [Harvest Moon Eclipse](ap160923.html)
2016 September 22: [Sunset at Edmontonhenge](ap160922.html)
2016 September 21: [Zooming in on Star Cluster Terzan 5](ap160921.html)
2016 September 20: [The Helix Nebula in Infrared](ap160920.html)
2016 September 19: [50000 Kilometers over the Sun](ap160919.html)
2016 September 18: [Starry Night Scavenger Hunt](ap160918.html)
2016 September 17: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap160917.html)
2016 September 16: [Full Moon over Brno](ap160916.html)
2016 September 15: [Retrograde Mars and Saturn](ap160915.html)
2016 September 14: [The North and South Jupiter](ap160914.html)
2016 September 13: [NGC 1672: Barred Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap160913.html)
2016 September 12: [Philae Lander Found on Comet 67P](ap160912.html)
2016 September 11: [All the Water on Planet Earth](ap160911.html)
2016 September 10: [The Launch of OSIRIS REx](ap160910.html)
2016 September 09: [The Wide and Deep Lagoon](ap160909.html)
2016 September 08: [Mars in the Clouds](ap160908.html)
2016 September 07: [Eclipse to Sunset](ap160907.html)
2016 September 06: [The Whirlpool Galaxy and Beyond](ap160906.html)
2016 September 05: [Spiral Meteor through the Heart Nebula](ap160905.html)
2016 September 04: [Io over Jupiter from Voyager 1](ap160904.html)
2016 September 03: [Reunion Island Eclipse](ap160903.html)
2016 September 02: [Little Planet Astro Camp](ap160902.html)
2016 September 01: [Light at the End of the Road](ap160901.html)
2016 August 31: [Annular Solar Eclipse over New Mexico](ap160831.html)
2016 August 30: [Aurora over Icelandic Fault](ap160830.html)
2016 August 29: [Young Suns of NGC 7129](ap160829.html)
2016 August 28: [Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens](ap160828.html)
2016 August 27: [Lunar Orbiter Earthset](ap160827.html)
2016 August 26: [The Milky Way Sets](ap160826.html)
2016 August 25: [Closest Star has Potentially Habitable Planet](ap160825.html)
2016 August 24: [Curiosity at Murray Buttes on Mars](ap160824.html)
2016 August 23: [Gigantic Jet Lightning over China](ap160823.html)
2016 August 22: [Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma](ap160822.html)
2016 August 21: [Map of Total Solar Eclipse Path in 2017 August](ap160821.html)
2016 August 20: [Gamma rays and Comet Dust](ap160820.html)
2016 August 19: [Perseid Fireball at Sunset Crater](ap160819.html)
2016 August 18: [Perseid Night at Yosemite](ap160818.html)
2016 August 17: [Meteor before Galaxy](ap160817.html)
2016 August 16: [Five Planets and the Moon over Australia](ap160816.html)
2016 August 15: [Human as Spaceship](ap160815.html)
2016 August 14: [The Keyhole in the Carina Nebula](ap160814.html)
2016 August 13: [Perseid from Torralba del Burgo](ap160813.html)
2016 August 12: [The Easterbunny Comes to NGC 4725](ap160812.html)
2016 August 11: [Perseid, Aurora, and Noctilucent Clouds](ap160811.html)
2016 August 10: [Colliding Galaxies in Stephans Quintet](ap160810.html)
2016 August 09: [Mars at Closest Approach 2016](ap160809.html)
2016 August 08: [Perseid Meteors over Mount Shasta](ap160808.html)
2016 August 07: [Io: Moon over Jupiter](ap160807.html)
2016 August 06: [Las Campanas Moon and Mercury](ap160806.html)
2016 August 05: [Apollo 15 Panorama](ap160805.html)
2016 August 04: [M63: Sunflower Galaxy Wide Field](ap160804.html)
2016 August 03: [Behold the Universe](ap160803.html)
2016 August 02: [A Rocket Booster Falls Back to Earth](ap160802.html)
2016 August 01: [Behind Saturn](ap160801.html)
2016 July 31: [A Huge Solar Filament Erupts](ap160731.html)
2016 July 30: [Ripples Through a Dark Sky](ap160730.html)
2016 July 29: [Blue Danube Analemma](ap160729.html)
2016 July 28: [Herschel's Eagle Nebula](ap160728.html)
2016 July 27: [M13: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars](ap160727.html)
2016 July 26: [Puzzling a Sky over Argentina](ap160726.html)
2016 July 25: [Deep Magellanic Clouds Image Indicates Collisions](ap160725.html)
2016 July 24: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap160724.html)
2016 July 23: [Summer Planets and Milky Way](ap160723.html)
2016 July 22: [Galaxy Cluster Abell S1063 and Beyond](ap160722.html)
2016 July 21: [Falcon 9: Launch and Landing](ap160721.html)
2016 July 20: [Dark Dunes on Mars](ap160720.html)
2016 July 19: [Color the Universe](ap160719.html)
2016 July 18: [The Orion Nebula in Infrared from HAWK I](ap160718.html)
2016 July 17: [Mercury on the Horizon](ap160717.html)
2016 July 16: [The North Celestial Tower](ap160716.html)
2016 July 15: [NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula](ap160715.html)
2016 July 14: [NGC 1309: Spiral Galaxy and Friends](ap160714.html)
2016 July 13: [M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap160713.html)
2016 July 12: [Chasing Juno](ap160712.html)
2016 July 11: [Aurorae on Jupiter](ap160711.html)
2016 July 10: [Moon Meets Jupiter](ap160710.html)
2016 July 09: [Noctilucent Clouds Tour France](ap160709.html)
2016 July 08: [The Swirling Core of the Crab Nebula](ap160708.html)
2016 July 07: [The Altiplano Night](ap160707.html)
2016 July 06: [Arp 286: Trio in Virgo](ap160706.html)
2016 July 05: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap160705.html)
2016 July 04: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap160704.html)
2016 July 03: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap160703.html)
2016 July 02: [Firefly Trails and the Summer Milky Way](ap160702.html)
2016 July 01: [Juno Approaching Jupiter](ap160701.html)
2016 June 30: [The New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness](ap160630.html)
2016 June 29: [From Alpha to Omega in Crete](ap160629.html)
2016 June 28: [Juno Mission Trailer](ap160628.html)
2016 June 27: [Anticrepuscular Rays over Colorado II](ap160627.html)
2016 June 26: [Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons](ap160626.html)
2016 June 25: [Strawberry to Honey Moonrise](ap160625.html)
2016 June 24: [Sagittarius Sunflowers](ap160624.html)
2016 June 23: [Solstice Dawn and Full Moonset](ap160623.html)
2016 June 22: [Cirrus over Paris](ap160622.html)
2016 June 21: [NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble](ap160621.html)
2016 June 20: [Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge](ap160620.html)
2016 June 19: [Galaxy and Planets Beyond Bristlecone Pines](ap160619.html)
2016 June 18: [Sputnik Planum vs. Krun Macula](ap160618.html)
2016 June 17: [Comet PanSTARRS in the Southern Fish](ap160617.html)
2016 June 16: [Northern Lights above Lofoten](ap160616.html)
2016 June 15: [GW151226: A Second Confirmed Source of Gravitational Radiation](ap160615.html)
2016 June 14: [The North America and Pelican Nebulas](ap160614.html)
2016 June 13: [Unexplained Dimmings in KIC 8462852](ap160613.html)
2016 June 12: [A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay](ap160612.html)
2016 June 11: [The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies](ap160611.html)
2016 June 10: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap160610.html)
2016 June 09: [Pluto at Night](ap160609.html)
2016 June 08: [The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble](ap160608.html)
2016 June 07: [Night on Venus in Infrared from Orbiting Akatsuki](ap160607.html)
2016 June 06: [The Supernova and Cepheids of Spiral Galaxy UGC 9391](ap160606.html)
2016 June 05: [Comet PanSTARRS and the Helix Nebula](ap160605.html)
2016 June 04: [The Shadow of Surveyor 1](ap160604.html)
2016 June 03: [NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy](ap160603.html)
2016 June 02: [Three Planets from Pic du Midi](ap160602.html)
2016 June 01: [Tycho's Supernova Remnant Expands](ap160601.html)
2016 May 31: [Stars and Gas of the Running Chicken Nebula](ap160531.html)
2016 May 30: [Galaxy Evolution Tracking Animation](ap160530.html)
2016 May 29: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap160529.html)
2016 May 28: [Cat's Eye Wide and Deep](ap160528.html)
2016 May 27: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap160527.html)
2016 May 26: [IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula](ap160526.html)
2016 May 25: [NGC 5078 and Friends](ap160525.html)
2016 May 24: [Milky Way Over the Spanish Peaks](ap160524.html)
2016 May 23: [Inside a Daya Bay Antineutrino Detector](ap160523.html)
2016 May 22: [LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide](ap160522.html)
2016 May 21: [Milky Way and Planets Near Opposition](ap160521.html)
2016 May 20: [3D Mercury Transit](ap160520.html)
2016 May 19: [The Surface of Europa](ap160519.html)
2016 May 18: [Halo from Atacama](ap160518.html)
2016 May 17: [The Orion Nebula in Visible and Infrared](ap160517.html)
2016 May 16: [Clouds of the Carina Nebula](ap160516.html)
2016 May 15: [Milky Way Over Quiver Tree Forest](ap160515.html)
2016 May 14: [Falcon 9 and Milky Way](ap160514.html)
2016 May 13: [ISS and Mercury Too](ap160513.html)
2016 May 12: [A Transit of Mercury](ap160512.html)
2016 May 11: [A Mercury Transit Music Video from SDO](ap160511.html)
2016 May 10: [Saturn and Mars visit Milky Way Star Clouds](ap160510.html)
2016 May 09: [Webb Telescope Mirror Rises after Assembly](ap160509.html)
2016 May 08: [Mercurys Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun](ap160508.html)
2016 May 07: [Three Worlds for TRAPPIST 1](ap160507.html)
2016 May 06: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap160506.html)
2016 May 05: [The SONG and the Hunter](ap160505.html)
2016 May 04: [A Mercury Transit Sequence](ap160504.html)
2016 May 03: [Aurora over Sweden](ap160503.html)
2016 May 02: [Crossing Mars](ap160502.html)
2016 May 01: [Contemplating the Sun](ap160501.html)
2016 April 30: [Moon over Makemake](ap160430.html)
2016 April 29: [Fermi's Gamma-ray Moon](ap160429.html)
2016 April 28: [A Dust Angel Nebula](ap160428.html)
2016 April 27: [Omega Centauri: The Brightest Globular Star Cluster](ap160427.html)
2016 April 26: [NGC 6872: A Stretched Spiral Galaxy](ap160426.html)
2016 April 25: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap160425.html)
2016 April 24: [M16: Pillars of Star Creation](ap160424.html)
2016 April 23: [Milky Way in Moonlight](ap160423.html)
2016 April 22: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap160422.html)
2016 April 21: [The Comet, the Owl, and the Galaxy](ap160421.html)
2016 April 20: [Galaxy Einstein Ring](ap160420.html)
2016 April 19: [Andromeda on the Rocks](ap160419.html)
2016 April 18: [The International Space Station over Earth](ap160418.html)
2016 April 17: [Asperatus Clouds Over New Zealand](ap160417.html)
2016 April 16: [Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System](ap160416.html)
2016 April 15: [Mercury and Crescent Moon Set](ap160415.html)
2016 April 14: [Full Venus and Crescent Moon Rise](ap160414.html)
2016 April 13: [Orion in Red and Blue](ap160413.html)
2016 April 12: [Combined Solar Eclipse Corona from Earth and Space](ap160412.html)
2016 April 11: [The Comet and the Star Cluster](ap160411.html)
2016 April 10: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap160410.html)
2016 April 09: [A Green Flash of Spring](ap160409.html)
2016 April 08: [Lapland Northern Lights](ap160408.html)
2016 April 07: [Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte](ap160407.html)
2016 April 06: [Auroras and the Magnetosphere of Jupiter](ap160406.html)
2016 April 05: [Cancri 55 e: Climate Patterns on a Lava World](ap160405.html)
2016 April 04: [Lucid Dreaming](ap160404.html)
2016 April 03: [Close up of the Bubble Nebula](ap160403.html)
2016 April 02: [Pluto's Bladed Terrain in 3D](ap160402.html)
2016 April 01: [Europa: Discover Life Under the Ice](ap160401.html)
2016 March 31: [Big Dipper to Southern Cross](ap160331.html)
2016 March 30: [NGC 6188 and NGC 6164](ap160330.html)
2016 March 29: [NASA's Curiosity Rover at Namib Dune (360 View)](ap160329.html)
2016 March 28: [Orion's Belt and Sword over Teide's Peak](ap160328.html)
2016 March 27: [NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars](ap160327.html)
2016 March 26: [Solstice to Equinox Cubed](ap160326.html)
2016 March 25: [Close Comet and the Milky Way](ap160325.html)
2016 March 24: [Hickson 91 in Piscis Austrinus](ap160324.html)
2016 March 23: [The Great Nebula in Carina](ap160323.html)
2016 March 22: [Rainbow Airglow over the Azores](ap160322.html)
2016 March 21: [Alaskan Moondogs](ap160321.html)
2016 March 20: [A Picturesque Equinox Sunset](ap160320.html)
2016 March 19: [3D Ahuna Mons](ap160319.html)
2016 March 18: [The W in Cassiopeia](ap160318.html)
2016 March 17: [Close Comet and Large Magellanic Cloud](ap160317.html)
2016 March 16: [A Phoenix Aurora over Iceland](ap160316.html)
2016 March 15: [Cheering a Total Solar Eclipse](ap160315.html)
2016 March 14: [Dark Nebulas across Taurus](ap160314.html)
2016 March 13: [Neon Saturn](ap160313.html)
2016 March 12: [The Flash Spectrum of the Sun](ap160312.html)
2016 March 11: [Lunar Shadow Transit](ap160311.html)
2016 March 10: [Dark Sun over Ternate](ap160310.html)
2016 March 09: [Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866](ap160309.html)
2016 March 08: [Solar Eclipse Shoes in the Classroom](ap160308.html)
2016 March 07: [Mystery Feature Now Disappears in Titan Lake](ap160307.html)
2016 March 06: [A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO](ap160306.html)
2016 March 05: [Cities at Night](ap160305.html)
2016 March 04: [Sculptor Galaxy NGC 134](ap160304.html)
2016 March 03: [Moons and Jupiter](ap160303.html)
2016 March 02: [Unusual Clouds over Hong Kong](ap160302.html)
2016 March 01: [NGC 3310: A Starburst Spiral Galaxy](ap160301.html)
2016 February 29: [Julius Caesar and Leap Days](ap160229.html)
2016 February 28: [IC 1848: The Soul Nebula](ap160228.html)
2016 February 27: [Northern Pluto](ap160227.html)
2016 February 26: [The Tarantula Nebula](ap160226.html)
2016 February 25: [Highest, Tallest, and Closest to the Stars](ap160225.html)
2016 February 24: [USA's Northeast Megalopolis from Space](ap160224.html)
2016 February 23: [A Supernova through Galaxy Dust](ap160223.html)
2016 February 22: [Flying Over Pluto's Moon Charon](ap160222.html)
2016 February 21: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap160221.html)
2016 February 20: [Where Your Shadow Has Company](ap160220.html)
2016 February 19: [NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis](ap160219.html)
2016 February 18: [Hitomi Launches](ap160218.html)
2016 February 17: [Milky Way over the Pinnacles in Australia](ap160217.html)
2016 February 16: [Star Forming Region S106](ap160216.html)
2016 February 15: [White Rock Fingers on Mars](ap160215.html)
2016 February 14: [A Heart Shaped Lenticular Cloud](ap160214.html)
2016 February 13: [Yutu on a Little Planet](ap160213.html)
2016 February 12: [Two Black Holes Merge](ap160212.html)
2016 February 11: [LIGO Detects Gravitational Waves from Merging Black Holes](ap160211.html)
2016 February 10: [Galaxies in the River](ap160210.html)
2016 February 09: [The Rise and Fall of Supernova 2015F](ap160209.html)
2016 February 08: [Light Pillars over Alaska](ap160208.html)
2016 February 07: [Advanced LIGO: Gravitational Wave Detectors Upgraded](ap160207.html)
2016 February 06: [Five Planets at Castell de Burriac](ap160206.html)
2016 February 05: [Massive Stars in NGC 6357](ap160205.html)
2016 February 04: [Dwarf Planet Ceres](ap160204.html)
2016 February 03: [Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82](ap160203.html)
2016 February 02: [Comet 67P from Spacecraft Rosetta](ap160202.html)
2016 February 01: [Find the Man in the Moon](ap160201.html)
2016 January 31: [MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula](ap160131.html)
2016 January 30: [A Five Planet Dawn](ap160130.html)
2016 January 29: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342](ap160129.html)
2016 January 28: [Elliptical M60, Spiral NGC 4647](ap160128.html)
2016 January 27: [An Airglow Fan from Lake to Sky](ap160127.html)
2016 January 26: [A Candidate for the Biggest Boom Yet Seen](ap160126.html)
2016 January 25: [Where Your Elements Came From](ap160125.html)
2016 January 24: [Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out](ap160124.html)
2016 January 23: [Big Dipper, Deep Sky](ap160123.html)
2016 January 22: [21st Century M101](ap160122.html)
2016 January 21: [The View Toward M101](ap160121.html)
2016 January 20: [Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula](ap160120.html)
2016 January 19: [A Dark Sand Dune on Mars](ap160119.html)
2016 January 18: [Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star](ap160118.html)
2016 January 17: [The Galactic Center in Infrared](ap160117.html)
2016 January 16: [The View Toward M106](ap160116.html)
2016 January 15: [Wright Mons in Color](ap160115.html)
2016 January 14: [Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap160114.html)
2016 January 13: [Reflections on the 1970s](ap160113.html)
2016 January 12: [The California Nebula](ap160112.html)
2016 January 11: [A Colorful Solar Corona over the Himalayas](ap160111.html)
2016 January 10: [Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection](ap160110.html)
2016 January 09: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap160109.html)
2016 January 08: [Prometheus and the F Ring](ap160108.html)
2016 January 07: [High Energy Andromeda](ap160107.html)
2016 January 06: [Comets and Bright Star](ap160106.html)
2016 January 05: [The Lagoon Nebula in Hydrogen Sulfur and Oxygen](ap160105.html)
2016 January 04: [Earthset from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter](ap160104.html)
2016 January 03: [A Starry Night of Iceland](ap160103.html)
2016 January 02: [Sky Lights in the New Year](ap160102.html)
2016 January 01: [Comet Catalina Tails](ap160101.html)
2015 December 31: [Solstice Sun at Lulworth Cove](ap151231.html)
2015 December 30: [The Fox Fur Nebula](ap151230.html)
2015 December 29: [Dust of the Orion Nebula](ap151229.html)
2015 December 28: [Falcon 9 First Stage Landing](ap151228.html)
2015 December 27: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap151227.html)
2015 December 26: [Southern Craters and Galaxies](ap151226.html)
2015 December 25: [To Scale: The Solar System](ap151225.html)
2015 December 24: [Star Colors and Pinyon Pine](ap151224.html)
2015 December 23: [Geminid Meteors over Xinglong Observatory](ap151223.html)
2015 December 22: [Solstice Illuminated: A Year of Sky](ap151222.html)
2015 December 21: [SN Refsdal: The First Predicted Supernova Image](ap151221.html)
2015 December 20: [A Dark Earth with a Red Sprite](ap151220.html)
2015 December 19: [Star Streams and the Whale Galaxy](ap151219.html)
2015 December 18: [Herbig-Haro 24](ap151218.html)
2015 December 17: [Geminids of the South](ap151217.html)
2015 December 16: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap151216.html)
2015 December 15: [Colorful Arcs over Buenos Aires](ap151215.html)
2015 December 14: [Pluto: From Mountains to Plains](ap151214.html)
2015 December 13: [When Gemini Sends Stars to Paranal](ap151213.html)
2015 December 12: [Comet Meets Moon and Morning Star](ap151212.html)
2015 December 11: [The Brightest Spot on Ceres](ap151211.html)
2015 December 10: [Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star](ap151210.html)
2015 December 09: [Arp 87: Merging Galaxies from Hubble](ap151209.html)
2015 December 08: [Icelandic Legends and Aurora](ap151208.html)
2015 December 07: [Comet Catalina Emerges](ap151207.html)
2015 December 06: [A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect](ap151206.html)
2015 December 05: [Kepler Orrery IV](ap151205.html)
2015 December 04: [Cygnus: Bubble and Crescent](ap151204.html)
2015 December 03: [Enceladus: Ringside Water World](ap151203.html)
2015 December 02: [Golden Gate Sunset: Green Flash](ap151202.html)
2015 December 01: [Nebulae in Auriga](ap151201.html)
2015 November 30: [In the Center of Spiral Galaxy NGC 3521](ap151130.html)
2015 November 29: [Dark Sand Cascades on Mars](ap151129.html)
2015 November 28: [Rosetta and Comet Outbound](ap151128.html)
2015 November 27: [Gravity's Grin](ap151127.html)
2015 November 26: [Planets of the Morning](ap151126.html)
2015 November 25: [Unusual Pits Discovered on Pluto](ap151125.html)
2015 November 24: [Aurora over Clouds](ap151124.html)
2015 November 23: [A 212 Hour Exposure of Orion](ap151123.html)
2015 November 22: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap151122.html)
2015 November 21: [Recycling NGC 5291](ap151121.html)
2015 November 20: [Leonids and Friends](ap151120.html)
2015 November 19: [Centaurus A](ap151119.html)
2015 November 18: [A Sudden Jet on Comet 67P](ap151118.html)
2015 November 17: [The Pelican Nebula in Gas Dust and Stars](ap151117.html)
2015 November 16: [A Blazing Fireball between the Orion Nebula and Rigel](ap151116.html)
2015 November 15: [Leonids Over Monument Valley](ap151115.html)
2015 November 14: [Wright Mons on Pluto](ap151114.html)
2015 November 13: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap151113.html)
2015 November 12: [Kenya Morning Moon, Planets and Taurid](ap151112.html)
2015 November 11: [An Unexpected Rocket Plume over San Francisco](ap151111.html)
2015 November 10: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap151110.html)
2015 November 09: [Assembly of The International Space Station](ap151109.html)
2015 November 08: [A Quadruple Sky Over Great Salt Lake](ap151108.html)
2015 November 07: [Earth and Milky Way from Space](ap151107.html)
2015 November 06: [Unraveling NGC 3169](ap151106.html)
2015 November 05: [NGC 1333: Stellar Nursery in Perseus](ap151105.html)
2015 November 04: [The Great Orion Nebula M42](ap151104.html)
2015 November 03: [Seeking Venus under the Spitzkoppe Arch](ap151103.html)
2015 November 02: [Comet ISON Being Destroyed by the Sun](ap151102.html)
2015 November 01: [The Milky Way Over Monument Valley](ap151101.html)
2015 October 31: [Ghosts and Star Trails](ap151031.html)
2015 October 30: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap151030.html)
2015 October 29: [IC 1871: Inside the Soul Nebula](ap151029.html)
2015 October 28: [Massive Black Hole Shreds Passing Star](ap151028.html)
2015 October 27: [Bright from the Heart Nebula](ap151027.html)
2015 October 26: [Charon and the Small Moons of Pluto](ap151026.html)
2015 October 25: [Jupiter and Venus from Earth](ap151025.html)
2015 October 24: [Jupiter in 2015](ap151024.html)
2015 October 23: [Starburst Galaxy Messier 94](ap151023.html)
2015 October 22: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap151022.html)
2015 October 21: [The Fractured North Pole of Saturn's Enceladus](ap151021.html)
2015 October 20: [When Black Holes Collide](ap151020.html)
2015 October 19: [The Southern Cross in a Southern Sky](ap151019.html)
2015 October 18: [Mammatus Clouds Over Saskatchewan](ap151018.html)
2015 October 17: [Bright Spiral Galaxy M81](ap151017.html)
2015 October 16: [Night Hides the World](ap151016.html)
2015 October 15: [M16 and the Eagle Nebula](ap151015.html)
2015 October 14: [A Gegenschein Lunar Eclipse](ap151014.html)
2015 October 13: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap151013.html)
2015 October 12: [Galaxy, Stars, and Dust](ap151012.html)
2015 October 11: [In the Center of the Trifid Nebula](ap151011.html)
2015 October 10: [Stardust in Perseus](ap151010.html)
2015 October 09: [The Moon Entering Earth's Shadow](ap151009.html)
2015 October 08: [M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy](ap151008.html)
2015 October 07: [La Palma Eclipse Sequence](ap151007.html)
2015 October 06: [Flying Past Pluto](ap151006.html)
2015 October 05: [Orion Over and Under Tibet](ap151005.html)
2015 October 04: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap151004.html)
2015 October 03: [A Blue Blood Moon](ap151003.html)
2015 October 02: [Charon: Moon of Pluto](ap151002.html)
2015 October 01: [Eclipsed in Southern Skies](ap151001.html)
2015 September 30: [Seasonal Streaks Point to Recent Flowing Water on Mars](ap150930.html)
2015 September 29: [Supermoon Total Lunar Eclipse and Lightning Storm](ap150929.html)
2015 September 28: [Total Lunar Eclipse over Waterton Lake](ap150928.html)
2015 September 27: [Tonight: A Supermoon Lunar Eclipse](ap150927.html)
2015 September 26: [M31 versus M33](ap150926.html)
2015 September 25: [Pluto's Snakeskin Terrain](ap150925.html)
2015 September 24: [LDN 988 and Friends](ap150924.html)
2015 September 23: [Antarctic Analemma](ap150923.html)
2015 September 22: [Milky Way over Bosque Alegre Station in Argentina](ap150922.html)
2015 September 21: [Spiral Galaxy M96 from Hubble](ap150921.html)
2015 September 20: [Global Ocean Suspected on Saturn's Enceladus](ap150920.html)
2015 September 19: [A Prominence on the Sun](ap150919.html)
2015 September 18: [A Plutonian Landscape](ap150918.html)
2015 September 17: [Pickering's Triangle in the Veil](ap150917.html)
2015 September 16: [Bright Spots Resolved in Occator Crater on Ceres](ap150916.html)
2015 September 15: [A Spiral Aurora over Iceland](ap150915.html)
2015 September 14: [Pluto from above Cthulhu Regio](ap150914.html)
2015 September 13: [A Partial Solar Eclipse over Texas](ap150913.html)
2015 September 12: [ISS Double Transit](ap150912.html)
2015 September 11: [A Giant Squid in the Flying Bat](ap150911.html)
2015 September 10: [NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad](ap150910.html)
2015 September 09: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap150909.html)
2015 September 08: [Distorted Green Flash Sunset over Italy](ap150908.html)
2015 September 07: [The Shark Nebula](ap150907.html)
2015 September 06: [Earthrise](ap150906.html)
2015 September 05: [Atlas V Rising](ap150905.html)
2015 September 04: [Milky Way with Airglow Australis](ap150904.html)
2015 September 03: [Arp 159 and NGC 4725](ap150903.html)
2015 September 02: [The Flare and the Galaxy](ap150902.html)
2015 September 01: [Distant Neutrinos Detected Below Antarctic Ice](ap150901.html)
2015 August 31: [Pluto in Enhanced Color](ap150831.html)
2015 August 30: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap150830.html)
2015 August 29: [The Seagull Nebula](ap150829.html)
2015 August 28: [Puppis A Supernova Remnant](ap150828.html)
2015 August 27: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap150827.html)
2015 August 26: [Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger](ap150826.html)
2015 August 25: [Meteors and Milky Way over Mount Rainier](ap150825.html)
2015 August 24: [Dione, Rings, Shadows, Saturn](ap150824.html)
2015 August 23: [Giant Cluster Bends Breaks Images](ap150823.html)
2015 August 22: [Little Planet Curiosity](ap150822.html)
2015 August 21: [Sprites from Space](ap150821.html)
2015 August 20: [M27: Not a Comet](ap150820.html)
2015 August 19: [Central Cygnus Skyscape](ap150819.html)
2015 August 18: [Announcing Comet Catalina](ap150818.html)
2015 August 17: [Andromeda Rising over the Alps](ap150817.html)
2015 August 16: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap150816.html)
2015 August 15: [Perihelion Approaches](ap150815.html)
2015 August 14: [Comet Dust over Enchanted Rock](ap150814.html)
2015 August 13: [Moonless Meteors and the Milky Way](ap150813.html)
2015 August 12: [Milky Way and Exploding Meteor](ap150812.html)
2015 August 11: [A Blue Moon Halo over Antarctica](ap150811.html)
2015 August 10: [A Sagittarius Triplet](ap150810.html)
2015 August 09: [HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies](ap150809.html)
2015 August 08: [Curiosity's View](ap150808.html)
2015 August 07: [Full Earth, Full Moon](ap150807.html)
2015 August 06: [Stereo Pluto](ap150806.html)
2015 August 05: [X ray Echoes from Circinus X 1](ap150805.html)
2015 August 04: [Virgo Cluster Galaxies](ap150804.html)
2015 August 03: [A Proton Arc Over Lake Superior](ap150803.html)
2015 August 02: [Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater](ap150802.html)
2015 August 01: [Stripping ESO 137-001](ap150801.html)
2015 July 31: [The ISS and a Colorful Moon](ap150731.html)
2015 July 30: [Milky Way over Uluru](ap150730.html)
2015 July 29: [The Deep Lagoon](ap150729.html)
2015 July 28: [Rainbows and Rays over Bryce Canyon](ap150728.html)
2015 July 27: [Milky Way and Aurora over Antarctica](ap150727.html)
2015 July 26: [The Sombrero Galaxy from Hubble](ap150726.html)
2015 July 25: [Infrared Trifid](ap150725.html)
2015 July 24: [Ultraviolet Rings of M31](ap150724.html)
2015 July 23: [Comet PanSTARRS, Moon, and Venus](ap150723.html)
2015 July 22: [Gamma-ray Rain from 3C 279](ap150722.html)
2015 July 21: [Comet Tails and Star Trails](ap150721.html)
2015 July 20: [Comet PanSTARRS and a Crescent Moon](ap150720.html)
2015 July 19: [The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral](ap150719.html)
2015 July 18: [Fly Over Pluto](ap150718.html)
2015 July 17: [Charon](ap150717.html)
2015 July 16: [50 Miles on Pluto](ap150716.html)
2015 July 15: [Pluto Resolved](ap150715.html)
2015 July 14: [New Horizons Passes Pluto and Charon](ap150714.html)
2015 July 13: [Last Look at Pluto's Charon Side](ap150713.html)
2015 July 12: [New Horizons Launch to Pluto](ap150712.html)
2015 July 11: [Geology on Pluto](ap150711.html)
2015 July 10: [Messier 43](ap150710.html)
2015 July 09: [5 Million Miles from Pluto](ap150709.html)
2015 July 08: [In the Company of Dione](ap150708.html)
2015 July 07: [The Milky Way from a Malibu Sea Cave](ap150707.html)
2015 July 06: [Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi](ap150706.html)
2015 July 05: [Zeta Oph: Runaway Star](ap150705.html)
2015 July 04: [Aurora Australis](ap150704.html)
2015 July 03: [Venus and Jupiter are Far](ap150703.html)
2015 July 02: [Venus and Jupiter are Close](ap150702.html)
2015 July 01: [Venus, Jupiter, and Noctilucent Clouds](ap150701.html)
2015 June 30: [An Unusual Mountain on Asteroid Ceres](ap150630.html)
2015 June 29: [Sunspot Group AR 2339 Crosses the Sun](ap150629.html)
2015 June 28: [All the Colors of the Sun](ap150628.html)
2015 June 27: [Stars of a Summer Triangle](ap150627.html)
2015 June 26: [Planet Aurora](ap150626.html)
2015 June 25: [Star Trails Above Table Mountain](ap150625.html)
2015 June 24: [Triple Conjunction Over Galician National Park](ap150624.html)
2015 June 23: [Sharpless 308: Star Bubble](ap150623.html)
2015 June 22: [New Horizons](ap150622.html)
2015 June 21: [Rings and Seasons of Saturn](ap150621.html)
2015 June 20: [Hubble's Messier 5](ap150620.html)
2015 June 19: [LightSail A](ap150619.html)
2015 June 18: [M64: The Black Eye Galaxy](ap150618.html)
2015 June 17: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap150617.html)
2015 June 16: [APOD is 20 Years Old Today](ap150616.html)
2015 June 15: [A Colorful Lunar Corona](ap150615.html)
2015 June 14: [M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy](ap150614.html)
2015 June 13: [1000 Sols](ap150613.html)
2015 June 12: [The Medusa Nebula](ap150612.html)
2015 June 11: [The Light, the Dark, and the Dusty](ap150611.html)
2015 June 10: [Fly Over Dwarf Planet Ceres](ap150610.html)
2015 June 09: [Galaxy NGC 7714 After Collision](ap150609.html)
2015 June 08: [The Milky Way over the Temple of Poseidon](ap150608.html)
2015 June 07: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap150607.html)
2015 June 06: [Into the Void](ap150606.html)
2015 June 05: [Green Flash at Moonrise](ap150605.html)
2015 June 04: [NGC 2419: Intergalactic Wanderer](ap150604.html)
2015 June 03: [Flyby Image of Saturn's Sponge Moon Hyperion](ap150603.html)
2015 June 02: [Polaris and Comet Lovejoy](ap150602.html)
2015 June 01: [Pulsating Aurora over Iceland](ap150601.html)
2015 May 31: [Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe](ap150531.html)
2015 May 30: [Messier Craters in Stereo](ap150530.html)
2015 May 29: [Saturn at Opposition](ap150529.html)
2015 May 28: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap150528.html)
2015 May 27: [Approaching Pluto](ap150527.html)
2015 May 26: [Starburst Galaxy M94](ap150526.html)
2015 May 25: [The Galaxy Tree](ap150525.html)
2015 May 24: [Space Shuttle Rising](ap150524.html)
2015 May 23: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap150523.html)
2015 May 22: [A Dark and Dusty Sky](ap150522.html)
2015 May 21: [NGC 6240: Merging Galaxies](ap150521.html)
2015 May 20: [A Cliff Looming on Comet 67P](ap150520.html)
2015 May 19: [Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc](ap150519.html)
2015 May 18: [Auroras and Star Trails over Iceland](ap150518.html)
2015 May 17: [NGC 2440: Pearl of a New White Dwarf](ap150517.html)
2015 May 16: [Ares 3 Landing Site: The Martian Revisited](ap150516.html)
2015 May 15: [Jupiter, Ganymede, Great Red Spot](ap150515.html)
2015 May 14: [Dwarf Planet, Bright Spot](ap150514.html)
2015 May 13: [The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula](ap150513.html)
2015 May 12: [Two Worlds One Sun](ap150512.html)
2015 May 11: [The Sky from Mauna Kea](ap150511.html)
2015 May 10: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Planetary Nebula](ap150510.html)
2015 May 09: [Trio Leo](ap150509.html)
2015 May 08: [When Vega is North](ap150508.html)
2015 May 07: [At the Limit of Diffraction](ap150507.html)
2015 May 06: [Summer Triangles over Japan](ap150506.html)
2015 May 05: [Gravitational Anomalies of Mercury](ap150505.html)
2015 May 04: [An Unexpected Aurora over Norway](ap150504.html)
2015 May 03: [Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow](ap150503.html)
2015 May 02: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap150502.html)
2015 May 01: [MESSENGER's Last Day on Mercury](ap150501.html)
2015 April 30: [Across the Sun](ap150430.html)
2015 April 29: [Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko in Crescent](ap150429.html)
2015 April 28: [Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap150428.html)
2015 April 27: [Space Station over Lunar Terminator](ap150427.html)
2015 April 26: [Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula](ap150426.html)
2015 April 25: [Cluster and Starforming Region Westerlund 2](ap150425.html)
2015 April 24: [Blue Tears and the Milky Way](ap150424.html)
2015 April 23: [Meteor in the Milky Way](ap150423.html)
2015 April 22: [Colorful Star Clouds in Cygnus](ap150422.html)
2015 April 21: [Vesta Trek: A Digital Model of Asteroid Vesta](ap150421.html)
2015 April 20: [Total Solar Eclipse over Svalbard](ap150420.html)
2015 April 19: [Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble](ap150419.html)
2015 April 18: [The Great Crater Hokusai](ap150418.html)
2015 April 17: [M46 Plus Two](ap150417.html)
2015 April 16: [One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725](ap150416.html)
2015 April 15: [Mystic Mountain Dust Pillars](ap150415.html)
2015 April 14: [Through the Shadow of the Moon](ap150414.html)
2015 April 13: [Milky Way over Erupting Volcano](ap150413.html)
2015 April 12: [Sentinels of the Arctic](ap150412.html)
2015 April 11: [Venus in the West](ap150411.html)
2015 April 10: [NGC 2903: A Missing Jewel in Leo](ap150410.html)
2015 April 09: [A Golden Gate Eclipse](ap150409.html)
2015 April 08: [Full Moon in Earth's Shadow](ap150408.html)
2015 April 07: [In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster](ap150407.html)
2015 April 06: [NGC 3293: A Bright Young Star Cluster](ap150406.html)
2015 April 05: [Saturn, Tethys, Rings, and Shadows](ap150405.html)
2015 April 04: [Voorwerpjes in Space](ap150404.html)
2015 April 03: [Sun and Moon Halo](ap150403.html)
2015 April 02: [The Owl and the Galaxy](ap150402.html)
2015 April 01: [Suiting Up for the Moon](ap150401.html)
2015 March 31: [Corona from Svalbard](ap150331.html)
2015 March 30: [A Flag Shaped Aurora over Sweden](ap150330.html)
2015 March 29: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap150329.html)
2015 March 28: [Diamond Rings and Baily's Beads](ap150328.html)
2015 March 27: [NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis](ap150327.html)
2015 March 26: [Orion Spring](ap150326.html)
2015 March 25: [Naked Eye Nova Sagittarii 2015 No 2](ap150325.html)
2015 March 24: [Powers of Ten](ap150324.html)
2015 March 23: [Atlas V Launches MMS](ap150323.html)
2015 March 22: [A Double Eclipse of the Sun](ap150322.html)
2015 March 21: [Northern Equinox Eclipse](ap150321.html)
2015 March 20: [Sunshine, Earthshine](ap150320.html)
2015 March 19: [Aurora in the Backyard](ap150319.html)
2015 March 18: [Earth During a Total Eclipse of the Sun](ap150318.html)
2015 March 17: [The Big Dipper Enhanced](ap150317.html)
2015 March 16: [The Clouds of Orion the Hunter](ap150316.html)
2015 March 15: [A Total Eclipse at the End of the World](ap150315.html)
2015 March 14: [Return at Sunrise](ap150314.html)
2015 March 13: [The Great Wall by Moonlight](ap150313.html)
2015 March 12: [Along the Cygnus Wall](ap150312.html)
2015 March 11: [Volcano of Fire Erupts Under the Stars](ap150311.html)
2015 March 10: [Aurora over Icelandic Glacier](ap150310.html)
2015 March 09: [Galaxy and Cluster Create Four Images of Distant Supernova](ap150309.html)
2015 March 08: [Stars at the Galactic Center](ap150308.html)
2015 March 07: [NGC 602 in the Flying Lizard Nebula](ap150307.html)
2015 March 06: [Cometary Globule CG4](ap150306.html)
2015 March 05: [Enhanced Color Caloris](ap150305.html)
2015 March 04: [Pillars and Jets in the Pelican Nebula](ap150304.html)
2015 March 03: [A Dust Devil on Mars](ap150303.html)
2015 March 02: [Lenticular Cloud, Moon, Mars, Venus](ap150302.html)
2015 March 01: [Inside the Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap150301.html)
2015 February 28: [Moon-Venus-Mars Skyline](ap150228.html)
2015 February 27: [Long Lovejoy and Little Dumbbell](ap150227.html)
2015 February 26: [Love and War by Moonlight](ap150226.html)
2015 February 25: [The Rosette Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen](ap150225.html)
2015 February 24: [Unusual Plumes Above Mars](ap150224.html)
2015 February 23: [The Milky Way Over the Arizona Toadstools](ap150223.html)
2015 February 22: [The Dark River to Antares](ap150222.html)
2015 February 21: [45 Days in the Sun](ap150221.html)
2015 February 20: [An Evening Sky Conjunction](ap150220.html)
2015 February 19: [Palomar 12](ap150219.html)
2015 February 18: [Dark Craters and Bright Spots Revealed on Asteroid Ceres](ap150218.html)
2015 February 17: [Fibrils Flower on the Sun](ap150217.html)
2015 February 16: [M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Center](ap150216.html)
2015 February 15: [Two Hours Before Neptune](ap150215.html)
2015 February 14: [Solar System Portrait](ap150214.html)
2015 February 13: [Aurora on Ice](ap150213.html)
2015 February 12: [Exploring the Antennae](ap150212.html)
2015 February 11: [M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy](ap150211.html)
2015 February 10: [An Extremely Long Filament on the Sun](ap150210.html)
2015 February 09: [Layered Rocks near Mount Sharp on Mars](ap150209.html)
2015 February 08: [Carina Nebula Dust Pillar](ap150208.html)
2015 February 07: [An Aurora of Marbles](ap150207.html)
2015 February 06: [Jupiter Triple-Moon Conjunction](ap150206.html)
2015 February 05: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap150205.html)
2015 February 04: [Stars, Sprites, Clouds, Auroras](ap150204.html)
2015 February 03: [Jets from Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap150203.html)
2015 February 02: [Titan Seas Reflect Sunlight](ap150202.html)
2015 February 01: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap150201.html)
2015 January 31: [Yellow Balls in W33](ap150131.html)
2015 January 30: [A Night at Poker Flat](ap150130.html)
2015 January 29: [Close Encounter with M44](ap150129.html)
2015 January 28: [Comet Lovejoy in a Winter Sky](ap150128.html)
2015 January 27: [Our Galaxy's Magnetic Field from Planck](ap150127.html)
2015 January 26: [The Milky Way over the Seven Strong Men Rock Formations](ap150126.html)
2015 January 25: [A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence](ap150125.html)
2015 January 24: [Light from Cygnus A](ap150124.html)
2015 January 23: [Interior View](ap150123.html)
2015 January 22: [Launch to Lovejoy](ap150122.html)
2015 January 21: [The Complex Ion Tail of Comet Lovejoy](ap150121.html)
2015 January 20: [Approaching Asteroid Ceres](ap150120.html)
2015 January 19: [Infrared Orion from WISE](ap150119.html)
2015 January 18: [The Galactic Core in Infrared](ap150118.html)
2015 January 17: [Comet Lovejoy's Tail](ap150117.html)
2015 January 16: [Huygens Lands on Titan](ap150116.html)
2015 January 15: [Venus and Mercury at Sunset](ap150115.html)
2015 January 14: [The Hunter, the Bull, and Lovejoy](ap150114.html)
2015 January 13: [The Soap Bubble Nebula](ap150113.html)
2015 January 12: [Super Planet Crash](ap150112.html)
2015 January 11: [Cataclysmic Dawn](ap150111.html)
2015 January 10: [The Windmill's Moon](ap150110.html)
2015 January 09: [In the Arms of NGC 1097](ap150109.html)
2015 January 08: [Stars and Dust in Corona Australis](ap150108.html)
2015 January 07: [Hubble 25th Anniversary: Pillars of Creation](ap150107.html)
2015 January 06: [100 Million Stars in the Andromeda Galaxy](ap150106.html)
2015 January 05: [A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap150105.html)
2015 January 04: [Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn](ap150104.html)
2015 January 03: [Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit](ap150103.html)
2015 January 02: [At the Heart of Orion](ap150102.html)
2015 January 01: [Vela Supernova Remnant](ap150101.html)
2014 December 31: [Comet Lovejoy before a Globular Star Cluster](ap141231.html)
2014 December 30: [Observatory, Mountains, Universe](ap141230.html)
2014 December 29: [The Sun in X rays from NuSTAR](ap141229.html)
2014 December 28: [Unusual Light Pillars over Latvia](ap141228.html)
2014 December 27: [The Winter Shower](ap141227.html)
2014 December 26: [Cetus Duo M77 and NGC 1055](ap141226.html)
2014 December 25: [This Comet Lovejoy](ap141225.html)
2014 December 24: [IC 1795: The Fishhead Nebula](ap141224.html)
2014 December 23: [The Cliffs of Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap141223.html)
2014 December 22: [The Mysterious Methane of Mars](ap141222.html)
2014 December 21: [Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky](ap141221.html)
2014 December 20: [Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama](ap141220.html)
2014 December 19: [Reflections on the 1970s](ap141219.html)
2014 December 18: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap141218.html)
2014 December 17: [Geminid Fireball over Mount Balang](ap141217.html)
2014 December 16: [W5: Pillars of Star Formation](ap141216.html)
2014 December 15: [The Potsdam Gravity Potato](ap141215.html)
2014 December 14: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap141214.html)
2014 December 13: [The Infrared Visible Andromeda](ap141213.html)
2014 December 12: [Crystals on Mars](ap141212.html)
2014 December 11: [Moondog Night](ap141211.html)
2014 December 10: [The Reddening of M71](ap141210.html)
2014 December 09: [The Flame Nebula in Visible and Infrared](ap141209.html)
2014 December 08: [Wanderers](ap141208.html)
2014 December 07: [Aurora Shimmer Meteor Flash](ap141207.html)
2014 December 06: [Orion Launch](ap141206.html)
2014 December 05: [Milky Way over Moon Valley](ap141205.html)
2014 December 04: [Plato and the Lunar Alps](ap141204.html)
2014 December 03: [Sharpless 249 and the Jellyfish Nebula](ap141203.html)
2014 December 02: [Eta Carinae and the Expanding Homunculus Nebula](ap141202.html)
2014 December 01: [Stars and Dust Pillars in NGC 7822 from WISE](ap141201.html)
2014 November 30: [The Seahorse of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap141130.html)
2014 November 29: [3D 67P](ap141129.html)
2014 November 28: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap141128.html)
2014 November 27: [Galileo's Europa Remastered](ap141127.html)
2014 November 26: [Io and Callisto Mutual Event](ap141126.html)
2014 November 25: [The Creature from the Red Lagoon](ap141125.html)
2014 November 24: [Soaring over Titan](ap141124.html)
2014 November 23: [Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas](ap141123.html)
2014 November 22: [Solar Flare from a Sharper Sun](ap141122.html)
2014 November 21: [M1: The Crab Nebula](ap141121.html)
2014 November 20: [LDN 988: Dark Nebula in Cygnus](ap141120.html)
2014 November 19: [Bright Spiral Galaxy M81](ap141119.html)
2014 November 18: [Star Formation in the Tadpole Nebula](ap141118.html)
2014 November 17: [The Double Dust Disks of HD 95086](ap141117.html)
2014 November 16: [Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita](ap141116.html)
2014 November 15: [The Tulip in the Swan](ap141115.html)
2014 November 14: [Welcome to a Comet](ap141114.html)
2014 November 13: [Descent to a Comet](ap141113.html)
2014 November 12: [Philae Attempts Comet Nucleus Landing](ap141112.html)
2014 November 11: [Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap141111.html)
2014 November 10: [The Protoplanetary Disk of HL Tauri from ALMA](ap141110.html)
2014 November 09: [The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble](ap141109.html)
2014 November 08: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660](ap141108.html)
2014 November 07: [The Map of Dione](ap141107.html)
2014 November 06: [SH2-155: The Cave Nebula](ap141106.html)
2014 November 05: [NGC 4762: A Galaxy on the Edge](ap141105.html)
2014 November 04: [Moon and Earth from Chang e 5 T1](ap141104.html)
2014 November 03: [In Green Company: Aurora over Norway](ap141103.html)
2014 November 02: [Titan Beyond the Rings](ap141102.html)
2014 November 01: [The Day After Mars](ap141101.html)
2014 October 31: [Milky Way over Devils Tower](ap141031.html)
2014 October 30: [A Spectre in the Eastern Veil](ap141030.html)
2014 October 29: [Iridescent Cloud Edge Over Colorado](ap141029.html)
2014 October 28: [Retrograde Mars](ap141028.html)
2014 October 27: [Plane, Clouds, Moon, Spots, Sun](ap141027.html)
2014 October 26: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap141026.html)
2014 October 25: [Sunspots and Solar Eclipse](ap141025.html)
2014 October 24: [AR 2192: Giant on the Sun](ap141024.html)
2014 October 23: [Galaxies in Pegasus](ap141023.html)
2014 October 22: [Sunspot Group AR 2192 Crackles](ap141022.html)
2014 October 21: [Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater](ap141021.html)
2014 October 20: [Comet Siding Spring Passes Mars](ap141020.html)
2014 October 19: [Comet McNaught Over New Zealand](ap141019.html)
2014 October 18: [Melotte 15 in the Heart](ap141018.html)
2014 October 17: [Messier 6 and Comet Siding Spring](ap141017.html)
2014 October 16: [Rosetta's Selfie](ap141016.html)
2014 October 15: [Mysterious Changing feature on Titan](ap141015.html)
2014 October 14: [Auroral Corona over Norway](ap141014.html)
2014 October 13: [Sprite Lightning in Slow Motion](ap141013.html)
2014 October 12: [The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble](ap141012.html)
2014 October 11: [Eclipse at Moonrise](ap141011.html)
2014 October 10: [Moons at Opposition](ap141010.html)
2014 October 09: [Eclipse at Moonset](ap141009.html)
2014 October 08: [NGC 6823: Cloud Sculpting Star Cluster](ap141008.html)
2014 October 07: [From the Temple of the Sun to the Temple of the Moon](ap141007.html)
2014 October 06: [Space Station Detector Finds Unexplained Positron Excess](ap141006.html)
2014 October 05: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan](ap141005.html)
2014 October 04: [Mars, Antares, Moon, and Saturn](ap141004.html)
2014 October 03: [Aurora and Milky Way in a Little Sky](ap141003.html)
2014 October 02: [The Bubble Nebula](ap141002.html)
2014 October 01: [The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble](ap141001.html)
2014 September 30: [A Full Circle Rainbow over Australia](ap140930.html)
2014 September 29: [Unusual Rocks near Pahrump Hills on Mars](ap140929.html)
2014 September 28: [Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75](ap140928.html)
2014 September 27: [A Launch and a Landing](ap140927.html)
2014 September 26: [MAVEN at Mars](ap140926.html)
2014 September 25: [NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda](ap140925.html)
2014 September 24: [The Lagoon Nebula in Stars Dust and Gas](ap140924.html)
2014 September 23: [Aurora and Volcanic Light Pillar](ap140923.html)
2014 September 22: [Earth at Equinox](ap140922.html)
2014 September 21: [Saturn at Equinox](ap140921.html)
2014 September 20: [Shoreline of the Universe](ap140920.html)
2014 September 19: [Potentially Habitable Moons](ap140919.html)
2014 September 18: [Cocoon Nebula Wide Field](ap140918.html)
2014 September 17: [Aurora over Maine](ap140917.html)
2014 September 16: [Milky Way above Atacama Salt Lagoon](ap140916.html)
2014 September 15: [62 Kilometers above Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap140915.html)
2014 September 14: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap140914.html)
2014 September 13: [Median Mashup: Hubble's Top 100](ap140913.html)
2014 September 12: [Supernova Remnant Puppis A](ap140912.html)
2014 September 11: [Zodiacal Light before Dawn](ap140911.html)
2014 September 10: [Laniakea: Our Home Supercluster of Galaxies](ap140910.html)
2014 September 09: [An Aurora Cupcake with a Milky Way Topping](ap140909.html)
2014 September 08: [Super Moon vs Micro Moon](ap140908.html)
2014 September 07: [Full Moon Silhouettes](ap140907.html)
2014 September 06: [Moonbow Beach](ap140906.html)
2014 September 05: [A Sagittarius Starscape](ap140905.html)
2014 September 04: [Cloud, Clusters and Comet Siding Spring](ap140904.html)
2014 September 03: [M6: The Butterfly Cluster](ap140903.html)
2014 September 02: [Holometer: A Microscope into Space and Time](ap140902.html)
2014 September 01: [Airglow Ripples over Tibet](ap140901.html)
2014 August 31: [Space Shuttle and Space Station Photographed Together](ap140831.html)
2014 August 30: [The Starry Sky under Hollow Hill](ap140830.html)
2014 August 29: [The Wizard Nebula](ap140829.html)
2014 August 28: [Messier 20 and 21](ap140828.html)
2014 August 27: [Milky Way over Yellowstone](ap140827.html)
2014 August 26: [Flying Past Neptune's Moon Triton](ap140826.html)
2014 August 25: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail](ap140825.html)
2014 August 24: [Mercury's Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun](ap140824.html)
2014 August 23: [The Spectre of Veszprem](ap140823.html)
2014 August 22: [Comet Jacques, Heart and Soul](ap140822.html)
2014 August 21: [Venus and Jupiter at Dawn](ap140821.html)
2014 August 20: [In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap140820.html)
2014 August 19: [Contrasting Terrains on Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap140819.html)
2014 August 18: [Star Trails Over Indonesia](ap140818.html)
2014 August 17: [Jupiter and Venus from Earth](ap140817.html)
2014 August 16: [No X-rays from SN 2014J](ap140816.html)
2014 August 15: [Perseid in Moonlight](ap140815.html)
2014 August 14: [Surreal Moon](ap140814.html)
2014 August 13: [Rings Around the Ring Nebula](ap140813.html)
2014 August 12: [Collapse in Hebes Chasma on Mars](ap140812.html)
2014 August 11: [Rosetta Approaches Comet Churyumov Gerasimenko](ap140811.html)
2014 August 10: [A Perseid Below](ap140810.html)
2014 August 09: [A Luminous Night](ap140809.html)
2014 August 08: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 6744](ap140808.html)
2014 August 07: [Rosetta's Rendezvous](ap140807.html)
2014 August 06: [Saturn's Swirling Cloudscape](ap140806.html)
2014 August 05: [Four Billion BCE: Battered Earth](ap140805.html)
2014 August 04: [Shadows and Plumes Across Enceladus](ap140804.html)
2014 August 03: [Dark Shuttle Approaching](ap140803.html)
2014 August 02: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap140802.html)
2014 August 01: [Tetons and Snake River, Planet Earth](ap140801.html)
2014 July 31: [Veins of Heaven](ap140731.html)
2014 July 30: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap140730.html)
2014 July 29: [A Sky Portal in New Zealand](ap140729.html)
2014 July 28: [The Horsehead Nebula from Blue to Infrared](ap140728.html)
2014 July 27: [Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field](ap140727.html)
2014 July 26: [NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe](ap140726.html)
2014 July 25: [Cosmic Crab Nebula](ap140725.html)
2014 July 24: [ALMA Milky Way](ap140724.html)
2014 July 23: [IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius](ap140723.html)
2014 July 22: [Cave with Aurora Skylight](ap140722.html)
2014 July 21: [Spacecraft Rosetta Shows Comet has Two Components](ap140721.html)
2014 July 20: [A Solar Filament Erupts](ap140720.html)
2014 July 19: [Alicante Beach Moonrise](ap140719.html)
2014 July 18: [Ou4: A Giant Squid Nebula](ap140718.html)
2014 July 17: [3D Homunculus Nebula](ap140717.html)
2014 July 16: [The Moon Eclipses Saturn](ap140716.html)
2014 July 15: [A Blue Bridge of Stars between Cluster Galaxies](ap140715.html)
2014 July 14: [Auroras over Northern Canada](ap140714.html)
2014 July 13: [Planetary Nebula NGC 2818 from Hubble](ap140713.html)
2014 July 12: [SN 1006 Supernova Remnant](ap140712.html)
2014 July 11: [Spotty Sunrise over Brisbane](ap140711.html)
2014 July 10: [Noctilucent Clouds over London](ap140710.html)
2014 July 09: [Gliese 832c: The Closest Potentially Habitable Exoplanet](ap140709.html)
2014 July 08: [Iridescent Clouds over Thamserku](ap140708.html)
2014 July 07: [J1502+1115: A Triple Black Hole Galaxy](ap140707.html)
2014 July 06: [Manhattanhenge: A New York City Sunset](ap140706.html)
2014 July 05: [M106 Across the Spectrum](ap140705.html)
2014 July 04: [OCO-2 Night Launch](ap140704.html)
2014 July 03: [Along the Cygnus Wall](ap140703.html)
2014 July 02: [NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy](ap140702.html)
2014 July 01: [Wolf Rayet Star 124: Stellar Wind Machine](ap140701.html)
2014 June 30: [Peculiar Elliptical Galaxy Centaurus A](ap140630.html)
2014 June 29: [Galaxy Cove Vista Revisited](ap140629.html)
2014 June 28: [Orion Arising](ap140628.html)
2014 June 27: [Martian Anniversary Selfie](ap140627.html)
2014 June 26: [Conjunction by the Sea](ap140626.html)
2014 June 25: [The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies](ap140625.html)
2014 June 24: [The Iris Nebula in a Field of Dust](ap140624.html)
2014 June 23: [Four Lasers over Mauna Kea](ap140623.html)
2014 June 22: [Persistent Saturnian Auroras](ap140622.html)
2014 June 21: [Lisbon Honey Moon](ap140621.html)
2014 June 20: [Rio at Night](ap140620.html)
2014 June 19: [Over the Top](ap140619.html)
2014 June 18: [NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap140618.html)
2014 June 17: [V838 Light Echo: The Movie](ap140617.html)
2014 June 16: [APOD Heatmap](ap140616.html)
2014 June 15: [CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap140615.html)
2014 June 14: [New York to London Milky Way](ap140614.html)
2014 June 13: [A Strawberry Moon](ap140613.html)
2014 June 12: [The Tarantula Zone](ap140612.html)
2014 June 11: [Three Galaxies over New Zealand](ap140611.html)
2014 June 10: [M51: X Rays from the Whirlpool](ap140610.html)
2014 June 09: [How to Identify that Light in the Sky](ap140609.html)
2014 June 08: [Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box](ap140608.html)
2014 June 07: [M16 and the Eagle Nebula](ap140607.html)
2014 June 06: [Comet PanSTARRS with Galaxy](ap140606.html)
2014 June 05: [Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014](ap140605.html)
2014 June 04: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap140604.html)
2014 June 03: [WR 104: A Pinwheel Star System](ap140603.html)
2014 June 02: [The Space Station Captures a Dragon Capsule](ap140602.html)
2014 June 01: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap140601.html)
2014 May 31: [Satellite Station and Southern Skies](ap140531.html)
2014 May 30: [Planetary Nebula Abell 36](ap140530.html)
2014 May 29: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap140529.html)
2014 May 28: [The Cone Nebula from Hubble](ap140528.html)
2014 May 27: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap140527.html)
2014 May 26: [An ALMA Telescope Array Time Lapse](ap140526.html)
2014 May 25: [Camelopardalids and ISS](ap140525.html)
2014 May 24: [A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio](ap140524.html)
2014 May 23: [Rosetta's Target Comet](ap140523.html)
2014 May 22: [A Halo for NGC 6164](ap140522.html)
2014 May 21: [A Supercell Storm Cloud Forming over Wyoming](ap140521.html)
2014 May 20: [In the Center of Spiral Galaxy M61](ap140520.html)
2014 May 19: [Meteors, Planes, and a Galaxy over Bryce Canyon](ap140519.html)
2014 May 18: [Jupiter's Great Red Spot from Voyager 1](ap140518.html)
2014 May 17: [Hubble's Jupiter and Shrinking Great Red Spot](ap140517.html)
2014 May 16: [Opportunity's Mars Analemma](ap140516.html)
2014 May 15: [Voyager's Neptune](ap140515.html)
2014 May 14: [A Live View from the International Space Station](ap140514.html)
2014 May 13: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap140513.html)
2014 May 12: [Illustris Simulation of the Universe](ap140512.html)
2014 May 11: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap140511.html)
2014 May 10: [Inside the Flame Nebula](ap140510.html)
2014 May 09: [Halley Dust and Milky Way](ap140509.html)
2014 May 08: [The Tail of the Hamburger Galaxy](ap140508.html)
2014 May 07: [Curiosity Inspects Mt Remarkable on Mars](ap140507.html)
2014 May 06: [Orange Sun Sparking](ap140506.html)
2014 May 05: [Galaxy Cluster Magnifies Distant Supernova](ap140505.html)
2014 May 04: [A Scorpius Sky Spectacular](ap140504.html)
2014 May 03: [T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula](ap140503.html)
2014 May 02: [That Night over Half Dome](ap140502.html)
2014 May 01: [Brisbane Sunset Moonset](ap140501.html)
2014 April 30: [A Partially Eclipsed Setting Sun](ap140430.html)
2014 April 29: [Aurora Dog over Alaska](ap140429.html)
2014 April 28: [Time Lapse of a Total Lunar Eclipse](ap140428.html)
2014 April 27: [SuitSat1: A Spacesuit Floats Free](ap140427.html)
2014 April 26: [Southern Annular Eclipse](ap140426.html)
2014 April 25: [Hubble's Messier 5](ap140425.html)
2014 April 24: [Lyrids in Southern Skies](ap140424.html)
2014 April 23: [Arp 81: 100 Million Years Later](ap140423.html)
2014 April 22: [The El Gordo Massive Galaxy Cluster](ap140422.html)
2014 April 21: [Massive Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap140421.html)
2014 April 20: [Ash and Lightning above an Icelandic Volcano](ap140420.html)
2014 April 19: [Earth-size Kepler-186f](ap140419.html)
2014 April 18: [Red Moon, Green Beam](ap140418.html)
2014 April 17: [Waterton Lake Eclipse](ap140417.html)
2014 April 16: [Spica, Mars, and Eclipsed Moon](ap140416.html)
2014 April 15: [Mammatus Clouds over Nebraska](ap140415.html)
2014 April 14: [An Unusual Globule in IC 1396](ap140414.html)
2014 April 13: [Saturn in Blue and Gold](ap140413.html)
2014 April 12: [Clouds and Crosses over Haleakala](ap140412.html)
2014 April 11: [Mars near Opposition](ap140411.html)
2014 April 10: [Mars, Ceres, Vesta](ap140410.html)
2014 April 09: [Two Rings for Asteroid Chariklo](ap140409.html)
2014 April 08: [M42: Inside the Orion Nebula](ap140408.html)
2014 April 07: [A Solar Eclipse from the Moon](ap140407.html)
2014 April 06: [Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturns Enceladus](ap140406.html)
2014 April 05: [Lunar Farside](ap140405.html)
2014 April 04: [Along the Western Veil](ap140404.html)
2014 April 03: [At the Edge of NGC 2174](ap140403.html)
2014 April 02: [Mars Red and Spica Blue](ap140402.html)
2014 April 01: [Space Station Robot Forgets Key Again](ap140401.html)
2014 March 31: [2012 VP113: A New Furthest Known Object in Solar System](ap140331.html)
2014 March 30: [Io in True Color](ap140330.html)
2014 March 29: [A Milky Way Dawn](ap140329.html)
2014 March 28: [Stripping ESO 137-001](ap140328.html)
2014 March 27: [Stephan's Quintet Plus One](ap140327.html)
2014 March 26: [M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds](ap140326.html)
2014 March 25: [Orion Nebula in Surrounding Dust](ap140325.html)
2014 March 24: [Orion and Aurora over Iceland](ap140324.html)
2014 March 23: [The View Near a Black Hole](ap140323.html)
2014 March 22: [Martian Chiaroscuro](ap140322.html)
2014 March 21: [Star Trails over El Capitan](ap140321.html)
2014 March 20: [Solargraphy Analemmas](ap140320.html)
2014 March 19: [Equinox on a Spinning Earth](ap140319.html)
2014 March 18: [Cosmic Microwave Map Swirls Indicate Inflation](ap140318.html)
2014 March 17: [Warped Sky: Star Trails over Arches National Park](ap140317.html)
2014 March 16: [The Antennae Galaxies in Collision](ap140316.html)
2014 March 15: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap140315.html)
2014 March 14: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685](ap140314.html)
2014 March 13: [Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy](ap140313.html)
2014 March 12: [The Sun Rotating](ap140312.html)
2014 March 11: [In the Heart of the Rosette Nebula](ap140311.html)
2014 March 10: [Gamma Rays from Galactic Center Dark Matter](ap140310.html)
2014 March 09: [A Hole in Mars](ap140309.html)
2014 March 08: [Mount Sharp on the Horizon](ap140308.html)
2014 March 07: [A View from the Zone](ap140307.html)
2014 March 06: [NGC 1333 Stardust](ap140306.html)
2014 March 05: [Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula](ap140305.html)
2014 March 04: [Sun and Prominence](ap140304.html)
2014 March 03: [Habitable Worlds](ap140303.html)
2014 March 02: [Martian Sunset](ap140302.html)
2014 March 01: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap140301.html)
2014 February 28: [Mobius Arch Moonrise](ap140228.html)
2014 February 27: [Daytime Moon Meets Morning Star](ap140227.html)
2014 February 26: [Aurora over New Zealand](ap140226.html)
2014 February 25: [The Pleiades Deep and Dusty](ap140225.html)
2014 February 24: [The Cloudy Cores of Active Galaxies](ap140224.html)
2014 February 23: [Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane](ap140223.html)
2014 February 22: [M44: The Beehive Cluster](ap140222.html)
2014 February 21: [The Long Jet of the Lighthouse Nebula](ap140221.html)
2014 February 20: [Comet Lovejoy over The Great Wall](ap140220.html)
2014 February 19: [A Rainbow Pileus Cloud over Zimbabwe](ap140219.html)
2014 February 18: [Crossing Dingo Gap on Mars](ap140218.html)
2014 February 17: [The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula](ap140217.html)
2014 February 16: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap140216.html)
2014 February 15: [NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet](ap140215.html)
2014 February 14: [IC 1805: Light from the Heart](ap140214.html)
2014 February 13: [Downtown Auriga](ap140213.html)
2014 February 12: [Rocket, Meteor, and Milky Way over Thailand](ap140212.html)
2014 February 11: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap140211.html)
2014 February 10: [Falling to Earth](ap140210.html)
2014 February 09: [The Missing Craters of Asteroid Itokawa](ap140209.html)
2014 February 08: [NGC 5101 and Friends](ap140208.html)
2014 February 07: [Night Hides the World](ap140207.html)
2014 February 06: [The Terraced Night](ap140206.html)
2014 February 05: [NGC 2683: Edge On Spiral Galaxy](ap140205.html)
2014 February 04: [A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24](ap140204.html)
2014 February 03: [Lunar Time Lapse Panorama including Yutu Rover](ap140203.html)
2014 February 02: [Mars and Orion over Monument Valley](ap140202.html)
2014 February 01: [NGC 6188 and NGC 6164](ap140201.html)
2014 January 31: [Light Pillars from a Little Planet](ap140131.html)
2014 January 30: [Rocket Streak and Star Trails](ap140130.html)
2014 January 29: [Jelly Donut Shaped Rock Appears on Mars](ap140129.html)
2014 January 28: [Spiral Galaxy M83: The Southern Pinwheel](ap140128.html)
2014 January 27: [From the Northern to the Southern Cross](ap140127.html)
2014 January 26: [Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet](ap140126.html)
2014 January 25: [Opportunity's Decade on Mars](ap140125.html)
2014 January 24: [Bright Supernova in M82](ap140124.html)
2014 January 23: [Double Cluster in Perseus](ap140123.html)
2014 January 22: [The Upper Michigan Blizzard of 1938](ap140122.html)
2014 January 21: [Micro Moon over Super Moon](ap140121.html)
2014 January 20: [Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from SDSS III](ap140120.html)
2014 January 19: [Spiral Galaxies in Collision](ap140119.html)
2014 January 18: [Apogee's Full Moon](ap140118.html)
2014 January 17: [M83 Star Streams](ap140117.html)
2014 January 16: [Despina, Moon of Neptune](ap140116.html)
2014 January 15: [Spitzer's Orion](ap140115.html)
2014 January 14: [The Gegenschein Over Chile](ap140114.html)
2014 January 13: [A Trip to the Moon](ap140113.html)
2014 January 12: [The Scale of the Universe: Interactive](ap140112.html)
2014 January 11: [The Seagull Nebula](ap140111.html)
2014 January 10: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap140110.html)
2014 January 09: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap140109.html)
2014 January 08: [Sunspot at Sunset](ap140108.html)
2014 January 07: [M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap140107.html)
2014 January 06: [Three CubeSats Released](ap140106.html)
2014 January 05: [Galaxy NGC 474: Shells and Star Streams](ap140105.html)
2014 January 04: [Clouds and Crescents](ap140104.html)
2014 January 03: [Lovejoy in the New Year](ap140103.html)
2014 January 02: [Reflections on Planet Earth](ap140102.html)
2014 January 01: [A New Year's Crescent](ap140101.html)
2013 December 31: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap131231.html)
2013 December 30: [Quantum Steampunk Fantasy Fractal Landscape](ap131230.html)
2013 December 29: [Time Lapse Auroras Over Norway](ap131229.html)
2013 December 28: [Alaska Aurora Sequence](ap131228.html)
2013 December 27: [Melotte 15 in the Heart](ap131227.html)
2013 December 26: [The Hydrogen Clouds of M33](ap131226.html)
2013 December 25: [Phobos 360](ap131225.html)
2013 December 24: [Sharpless 308: Star Bubble](ap131224.html)
2013 December 23: [Geminid Meteors over Chile](ap131223.html)
2013 December 22: [Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma](ap131222.html)
2013 December 21: [SDO's Multiwavelength Sun](ap131221.html)
2013 December 20: [Titan's Land of Lakes](ap131220.html)
2013 December 19: [A Colorful Moon](ap131219.html)
2013 December 18: [Light Pillars over Finland](ap131218.html)
2013 December 17: [Geminid Meteors over Teide Volcano](ap131217.html)
2013 December 16: [Yutu Rover Rolls onto the Moon](ap131216.html)
2013 December 15: [Gibbous Europa](ap131215.html)
2013 December 14: [The Bubble Nebula](ap131214.html)
2013 December 13: [Geminid Meteor Shower over Dashanbao Wetlands](ap131213.html)
2013 December 12: [Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka](ap131212.html)
2013 December 11: [The Coldest Place on Earth](ap131211.html)
2013 December 10: [Seyferts Sextet](ap131210.html)
2013 December 09: [Comet Lovejoy over a Windmill](ap131209.html)
2013 December 08: [Everest Panorama from Mars](ap131208.html)
2013 December 07: [Naked Eye Nova Centauri 2013](ap131207.html)
2013 December 06: [Gamma Ray Earth and Sky](ap131206.html)
2013 December 05: [Planetary Nebula Abell 7](ap131205.html)
2013 December 04: [Comet Lovejoy through Morby Castle Ruins](ap131204.html)
2013 December 03: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap131203.html)
2013 December 02: [Comet Lovejoy Before Galaxy M63](ap131202.html)
2013 December 01: [A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center](ap131201.html)
2013 November 30: [Surprising Comet ISON](ap131130.html)
2013 November 29: [Comet ISON Before and After](ap131129.html)
2013 November 28: [NGC 1999: South of Orion](ap131128.html)
2013 November 27: [Comet ISON Rising](ap131127.html)
2013 November 26: [Cap Cloud over the Sierra Nevadas](ap131126.html)
2013 November 25: [Anemic Spiral NGC 4921 from Hubble](ap131125.html)
2013 November 24: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Indian Cove](ap131124.html)
2013 November 23: [Comet ISON from STEREO](ap131123.html)
2013 November 22: [From California to the Pleiades](ap131122.html)
2013 November 21: [The Trail of a Minotaur](ap131121.html)
2013 November 20: [Heavy Black Hole Jets in 4U1630-47](ap131120.html)
2013 November 19: [Globular Cluster M15 from Hubble](ap131119.html)
2013 November 18: [Aurora and Unusual Clouds Over Iceland](ap131118.html)
2013 November 17: [The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught](ap131117.html)
2013 November 16: [Active Comet ISON](ap131116.html)
2013 November 15: [The Flash Spectrum of the Sun](ap131115.html)
2013 November 14: [The Jets of NGC 1097](ap131114.html)
2013 November 13: [In the Shadow of Saturn](ap131113.html)
2013 November 12: [The Unexpected Tails of Asteroid P5](ap131112.html)
2013 November 11: [An Active Sun During a Total Eclipse](ap131111.html)
2013 November 10: [Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning](ap131110.html)
2013 November 09: [Comet Lovejoy with M44](ap131109.html)
2013 November 08: [Solar Eclipse from Uganda](ap131108.html)
2013 November 07: [Eclipse at 44,000 Feet](ap131107.html)
2013 November 06: [Creature Aurora Over Norway](ap131106.html)
2013 November 05: [Kepler 78b: Earth-Sized Planet Discovered](ap131105.html)
2013 November 04: [Eclipse Over New York](ap131104.html)
2013 November 03: [A Rare Hybrid Solar Eclipse](ap131103.html)
2013 November 02: [Jupiter's Triple Shadow Transit](ap131102.html)
2013 November 01: [NGC 7841: The Smoke Nebula in Frustriaus](ap131101.html)
2013 October 31: [Night on a Spooky Planet](ap131031.html)
2013 October 30: [A Spectre in the Eastern Veil](ap131030.html)
2013 October 29: [Horsehead and Orion Nebulas](ap131029.html)
2013 October 28: [The Great Comet of 1680 Over Rotterdam](ap131028.html)
2013 October 27: [Sungrazer](ap131027.html)
2013 October 26: [NGC 7789: Caroline's Rose](ap131026.html)
2013 October 25: [NGC 7814: The Little Sombrero in Pegasus](ap131025.html)
2013 October 24: [Little Planet Shadowrise](ap131024.html)
2013 October 23: [North Celestial Tree](ap131023.html)
2013 October 22: [A Massive Star in NGC 6357](ap131022.html)
2013 October 21: [Saturn from Above](ap131021.html)
2013 October 20: [Three Galaxies and a Comet](ap131020.html)
2013 October 19: [Sh2-155: The Cave Nebula](ap131019.html)
2013 October 18: [Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center](ap131018.html)
2013 October 17: [ISON, Mars, Regulus](ap131017.html)
2013 October 16: [Three Galaxies in Draco](ap131016.html)
2013 October 15: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap131015.html)
2013 October 14: [High Noon Analemma Over Azerbaijan](ap131014.html)
2013 October 13: [Hale Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997](ap131013.html)
2013 October 12: [Cometary Globules](ap131012.html)
2013 October 11: [NGC 891 Edge On](ap131011.html)
2013 October 10: [M78: Stardust and Starlight](ap131010.html)
2013 October 09: [Arp 94](ap131009.html)
2013 October 08: [The Bubble and M52](ap131008.html)
2013 October 07: [Comet ISON Approaches](ap131007.html)
2013 October 06: [Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275](ap131006.html)
2013 October 05: [October Aurora in Prairie Skies](ap131005.html)
2013 October 04: [The Densest Galaxy](ap131004.html)
2013 October 03: [M106 Close Up](ap131003.html)
2013 October 02: [All the Colors of the Sun](ap131002.html)
2013 October 01: [Filaments of the Vela Supernova Remnant](ap131001.html)
2013 September 30: [Mysterious Green Patches on the Sky](ap130930.html)
2013 September 29: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap130929.html)
2013 September 28: [Equinox Earth](ap130928.html)
2013 September 27: [Andromeda on the Rocks](ap130927.html)
2013 September 26: [M31 versus M33](ap130926.html)
2013 September 25: [M81 versus M82](ap130925.html)
2013 September 24: [The Local Fluff](ap130924.html)
2013 September 23: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap130923.html)
2013 September 22: [Apollo's Analemma](ap130922.html)
2013 September 21: [Antares Rocket Launch](ap130921.html)
2013 September 20: [Night at the Drive-in](ap130920.html)
2013 September 19: [Moon, Venus, and Planet Earth](ap130919.html)
2013 September 18: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap130918.html)
2013 September 17: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Deflects Light](ap130917.html)
2013 September 16: [Rotating Moon from LRO](ap130916.html)
2013 September 15: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap130915.html)
2013 September 14: [A Landing on Planet Earth](ap130914.html)
2013 September 13: [Crescent Moon Meets Evening Star](ap130913.html)
2013 September 12: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap130912.html)
2013 September 11: [LADEE Launch Streak](ap130911.html)
2013 September 10: [Extrasolar Super Earth Gliese 1214b Might Hold Water](ap130910.html)
2013 September 09: [Nearby Cepheid Variable RS Pup](ap130909.html)
2013 September 08: [Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin](ap130908.html)
2013 September 07: [Night in the Andes Ice Forest](ap130907.html)
2013 September 06: [The Quiet Sagittarius A\*](ap130906.html)
2013 September 05: [M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab](ap130905.html)
2013 September 04: [IRAS 20324: Evaporating Protostar](ap130904.html)
2013 September 03: [North America and the Pelican](ap130903.html)
2013 September 02: [Milky Way Over Spain's Bardenas Reales](ap130902.html)
2013 September 01: [Fire on Earth](ap130901.html)
2013 August 31: [NGC 5195: The Dot under the Question Mark](ap130831.html)
2013 August 30: [A Sagittarius Triplet](ap130830.html)
2013 August 29: [Strawberry Sun](ap130829.html)
2013 August 28: [A Retreating Thunderstorm at Sunset](ap130828.html)
2013 August 27: [A Flight through the Hubble Ultra Deep Field](ap130827.html)
2013 August 26: [Bright Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 from Hubble](ap130826.html)
2013 August 25: [The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 271](ap130825.html)
2013 August 24: [Earth Waves at Saturn](ap130824.html)
2013 August 23: [A Spectrum of Nova Delphini](ap130823.html)
2013 August 22: [IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula](ap130822.html)
2013 August 21: [Perseid Meteors Over China](ap130821.html)
2013 August 20: [Venus and the Triply Ultraviolet Sun](ap130820.html)
2013 August 19: [Noctilucent Clouds and Aurora Over Scotland](ap130819.html)
2013 August 18: [Skylab Over Earth](ap130818.html)
2013 August 17: [M8: The Lagoon Nebula](ap130817.html)
2013 August 16: [Nova Delphini 2013](ap130816.html)
2013 August 15: [The Magellanic Stream](ap130815.html)
2013 August 14: [Moonset from Taiwan](ap130814.html)
2013 August 13: [Perseid Meteors Over Ontario](ap130813.html)
2013 August 12: [Orbits of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids](ap130812.html)
2013 August 11: [M74: The Perfect Spiral](ap130811.html)
2013 August 10: [Perseids over Meteora](ap130810.html)
2013 August 09: [Perseid over Albrechtsberg Castle](ap130809.html)
2013 August 08: [NGC 3370: A Sharper View](ap130808.html)
2013 August 07: [Meteors and Aurorae over Iceland](ap130807.html)
2013 August 06: [In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula](ap130806.html)
2013 August 05: [Leaving Earth](ap130805.html)
2013 August 04: [Io's Surface: Under Construction](ap130804.html)
2013 August 03: [Twisting with NGC 3718](ap130803.html)
2013 August 02: [Tropic of Cancer](ap130802.html)
2013 August 01: [Moon Over Andromeda](ap130801.html)
2013 July 31: [130 Years of Earth Surface Temperatures](ap130731.html)
2013 July 30: [The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble and Chandra](ap130730.html)
2013 July 29: [Saturn, Titan, Rings, and Haze](ap130729.html)
2013 July 28: [Hoag's Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy](ap130728.html)
2013 July 27: [Atacama's Cloudy Night](ap130727.html)
2013 July 26: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap130726.html)
2013 July 25: [The Beautiful Trifid](ap130725.html)
2013 July 24: [A Year of Sky on Earth](ap130724.html)
2013 July 23: [Two Views of Earth](ap130723.html)
2013 July 22: [Earth and Moon from Saturn](ap130722.html)
2013 July 21: [The Seasons of Saturn](ap130721.html)
2013 July 20: [Comet Lemmon and the Deep Sky](ap130720.html)
2013 July 19: [Take a Picture of Saturn](ap130719.html)
2013 July 18: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342](ap130718.html)
2013 July 17: [A Waterspout in Florida](ap130717.html)
2013 July 16: [The Moon from Zond 8](ap130716.html)
2013 July 15: [The Sombrero Galaxy from Hale](ap130715.html)
2013 July 14: [The Pillars of Eagle Castle](ap130714.html)
2013 July 13: [Sunspot at Sunset](ap130713.html)
2013 July 12: [Messier's Eleven](ap130712.html)
2013 July 11: [Dusty Nebulae in Taurus](ap130711.html)
2013 July 10: [Large Sunspots Now Crossing the Sun](ap130710.html)
2013 July 09: [Supergiant Star Gamma Cygni](ap130709.html)
2013 July 08: [Pluto's Newly Discovered Moons Receive Names](ap130708.html)
2013 July 07: [NGC 2170: Still Life with Reflecting Dust](ap130707.html)
2013 July 06: [NGC 6384: Spiral Beyond the Stars](ap130706.html)
2013 July 05: [Globular Star Cluster NGC 6752](ap130705.html)
2013 July 04: [M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind](ap130704.html)
2013 July 03: [Stars and Lightning Over Greece](ap130703.html)
2013 July 02: [Circling a Black Hole at its Photon Sphere](ap130702.html)
2013 July 01: [Orbiting a Black Hole](ap130701.html)
2013 June 30: [Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap130630.html)
2013 June 29: [PanSTARRS: The Anti Tail Comet](ap130629.html)
2013 June 28: [A Super Moon's Halo](ap130628.html)
2013 June 27: [Noctilucent Clouds over Moscow](ap130627.html)
2013 June 26: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap130626.html)
2013 June 25: [Rock Nest Panorama from Curiosity on Mars](ap130625.html)
2013 June 24: [The Porpoise Galaxy from Hubble](ap130624.html)
2013 June 23: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap130623.html)
2013 June 22: [Perigee's Full Moon](ap130622.html)
2013 June 21: [A Solstice Sunset Self Portrait](ap130621.html)
2013 June 20: [Edge-on NGC 3628](ap130620.html)
2013 June 19: [Milky Way Over Crater Lake with Airglow](ap130619.html)
2013 June 18: [A Supercell Thunderstorm Over Texas](ap130618.html)
2013 June 17: [Dry Ice Sled Streaks on Mars](ap130617.html)
2013 June 16: [APOD Turns Eighteen](ap130616.html)
2013 June 15: [Delphinid Meteor Mystery](ap130615.html)
2013 June 14: [Sharpless 115](ap130614.html)
2013 June 13: [Four Planet Sunset](ap130613.html)
2013 June 12: [All of Mercury](ap130612.html)
2013 June 11: [Star Forming Region NGC 3582](ap130611.html)
2013 June 10: [The Large Magellanic Cloud in Ultraviolet](ap130610.html)
2013 June 09: [Flowing Auroras Over Norway](ap130609.html)
2013 June 08: [Messier Craters in Stereo](ap130608.html)
2013 June 07: [NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula](ap130607.html)
2013 June 06: [Star Size Comparisons](ap130606.html)
2013 June 05: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap130605.html)
2013 June 04: [Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur](ap130604.html)
2013 June 03: [Curiosity: Wheels on Mars](ap130603.html)
2013 June 02: [A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay](ap130602.html)
2013 June 01: [The Milky Trail](ap130601.html)
2013 May 31: [The Eagle and The Swan](ap130531.html)
2013 May 30: [One Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725](ap130530.html)
2013 May 29: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap130529.html)
2013 May 28: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap130528.html)
2013 May 27: [Bird Sun Dog](ap130527.html)
2013 May 26: [PanSTARRS Anti Tail Grows](ap130526.html)
2013 May 25: [Lunar Corona over Cochem Castle](ap130525.html)
2013 May 24: [Caterpillar Moon](ap130524.html)
2013 May 23: [Messier 109](ap130523.html)
2013 May 22: [Red Sprite Lightning with Aurora](ap130522.html)
2013 May 21: [The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble](ap130521.html)
2013 May 20: [Blue Sun Bursting](ap130520.html)
2013 May 19: [Earths Richat Structure](ap130519.html)
2013 May 18: [Comet PanSTARRS with Anti Tail](ap130518.html)
2013 May 17: [The Waterfall and the World at Night](ap130517.html)
2013 May 16: [Four X-class Flares](ap130516.html)
2013 May 15: [Kepler's Supernova Remnant in X-Rays](ap130515.html)
2013 May 14: [Galaxy Collisions: Simulation vs Observations](ap130514.html)
2013 May 13: [Partial Solar Eclipse with Airplane](ap130513.html)
2013 May 12: [Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus](ap130512.html)
2013 May 11: [Cape York Annular Eclipse](ap130511.html)
2013 May 10: [Messier 77](ap130510.html)
2013 May 09: [Ring of Fire over Monument Valley](ap130509.html)
2013 May 08: [Earth's Major Telescopes Investigate GRB 130427A](ap130508.html)
2013 May 07: [Galaxy Cove Vista](ap130507.html)
2013 May 06: [Tails of Comet Lemmon](ap130506.html)
2013 May 05: [A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana](ap130505.html)
2013 May 04: [Hungarian Spring Eclipse](ap130504.html)
2013 May 03: [Horsehead: A Wider View](ap130503.html)
2013 May 02: [Saturn Hurricane](ap130502.html)
2013 May 01: [Omega Centauri: The Brightest Globular Cluster](ap130501.html)
2013 April 30: [Humanity Explores the Solar System](ap130430.html)
2013 April 29: [Milky Way and Stone Tree](ap130429.html)
2013 April 28: [A Raging Storm System on Saturn](ap130428.html)
2013 April 27: [Sharp Stereo](ap130427.html)
2013 April 26: [A Year on the Sun](ap130426.html)
2013 April 25: [Lunar Eclipses](ap130425.html)
2013 April 24: [Wringing a Wet Towel in Orbit](ap130424.html)
2013 April 23: [X rays from Supernova Remnant SN 1006](ap130423.html)
2013 April 22: [The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble](ap130422.html)
2013 April 21: [The Big Dipper](ap130421.html)
2013 April 20: [Airglow, Gegenschein, and Milky Way](ap130420.html)
2013 April 19: [NGC 1788 and the Witch's Whiskers](ap130419.html)
2013 April 18: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap130418.html)
2013 April 17: [Mt Hood and a Lenticular Cloud](ap130417.html)
2013 April 16: [Grand Spiral Galaxy M81 and Arp's Loop](ap130416.html)
2013 April 15: [IC 1848: The Soul Nebula](ap130415.html)
2013 April 14: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap130414.html)
2013 April 13: [Sun with Solar Flare](ap130413.html)
2013 April 12: [Yuri's Planet](ap130412.html)
2013 April 11: [Darkened City](ap130411.html)
2013 April 10: [Space Station Lookout](ap130410.html)
2013 April 09: [NGC 3132: The Southern Ring Nebula](ap130409.html)
2013 April 08: [A Redshift Lookup Table for our Universe](ap130408.html)
2013 April 07: [The Moon's Saturn](ap130407.html)
2013 April 06: [Earth at Twilight](ap130406.html)
2013 April 05: [Comet of the North](ap130405.html)
2013 April 04: [M64: The Black Eye Galaxy](ap130404.html)
2013 April 03: [Comet PANSTARRS and the Andromeda Galaxy](ap130403.html)
2013 April 02: [IC 4592: The Blue Horsehead Reflection Nebula](ap130402.html)
2013 April 01: [Moon or Frying Pan](ap130401.html)
2013 March 31: [Flying Over the Earth at Night](ap130331.html)
2013 March 30: [The Broad Tail of PanSTARRS](ap130330.html)
2013 March 29: [Ringside with Rhea](ap130329.html)
2013 March 28: [Unraveling NGC 3169](ap130328.html)
2013 March 27: [A Horizon Rainbow in Paris](ap130327.html)
2013 March 26: [Waterfalls, Auroras, Comet: Iceland](ap130326.html)
2013 March 25: [Planck Maps the Microwave Background](ap130325.html)
2013 March 24: [Dust Pillar of the Carina Nebula](ap130324.html)
2013 March 23: [Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap130323.html)
2013 March 22: [Comet Castle](ap130322.html)
2013 March 21: [NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula](ap130321.html)
2013 March 20: [M42: Inside the Orion Nebula](ap130320.html)
2013 March 19: [GRAIL Maps the Moons Gravity](ap130319.html)
2013 March 18: [Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset](ap130318.html)
2013 March 17: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap130317.html)
2013 March 16: [PanSTARRS from France](ap130316.html)
2013 March 15: [CME, Comet, and Planet Earth](ap130315.html)
2013 March 14: [Clouds, Comet, and Crescent Moon](ap130314.html)
2013 March 13: [NGC 6751: The Glowing Eye Nebula](ap130313.html)
2013 March 12: [Spin up of a Supermassive Black Hole](ap130312.html)
2013 March 11: [Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning](ap130311.html)
2013 March 10: [Milky Way Panorama from Mauna Kea](ap130310.html)
2013 March 09: [PanSTARRS over Parkes](ap130309.html)
2013 March 08: [Looking Through Abell 68](ap130308.html)
2013 March 07: [Thor's Helmet](ap130307.html)
2013 March 06: [Tardigrade in Moss](ap130306.html)
2013 March 05: [Comets Lemmon and PanSTARRS Peaking](ap130305.html)
2013 March 04: [IC 1805: The Heart Nebula](ap130304.html)
2013 March 03: [Grand Canyon Star Trails](ap130303.html)
2013 March 02: [Miass River Sunrise](ap130302.html)
2013 March 01: [Colors of Mercury](ap130301.html)
2013 February 28: [Snow Moon for a Snowy Planet](ap130228.html)
2013 February 27: [Asperatus Clouds Over New Zealand](ap130227.html)
2013 February 26: [Coronal Rain on the Sun](ap130226.html)
2013 February 25: [Fly Me to the Moons](ap130225.html)
2013 February 24: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars](ap130224.html)
2013 February 23: [Chelyabinsk Meteor Flash](ap130223.html)
2013 February 22: [Curiosity Self Portrait Panorama](ap130222.html)
2013 February 21: [Gravitational Tractor](ap130221.html)
2013 February 20: [Saturn's Hexagon and Rings](ap130220.html)
2013 February 19: [Mercury on the Horizon](ap130219.html)
2013 February 18: [The Great Russian Meteor of 2013](ap130218.html)
2013 February 17: [Asteroid 2012 DA14 Passes the Earth](ap130217.html)
2013 February 16: [Sweeping Through Southern Skies](ap130216.html)
2013 February 15: [Shadows Across Jupiter](ap130215.html)
2013 February 14: [Solar System Portrait](ap130214.html)
2013 February 13: [Infrared Orion from WISE](ap130213.html)
2013 February 12: [Reflected Aurora Over Alaska](ap130212.html)
2013 February 11: [N11: Star Clouds of the LMC](ap130211.html)
2013 February 10: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap130210.html)
2013 February 09: [The Great Meteor Procession of 1913](ap130209.html)
2013 February 08: [NGC 6822: Barnard's Galaxy](ap130208.html)
2013 February 07: [Comet Lemmon near the South Celestial Pole](ap130207.html)
2013 February 06: [The Arms of M106](ap130206.html)
2013 February 05: [Mars: Shadow at Point Lake](ap130205.html)
2013 February 04: [Namibian Nights](ap130204.html)
2013 February 03: [LL Ori and the Orion Nebula](ap130203.html)
2013 February 02: [Herschel's Andromeda](ap130202.html)
2013 February 01: [Atlas V Launches TDRS K](ap130201.html)
2013 January 31: [NGC 4372 and the Dark Doodad](ap130131.html)
2013 January 30: [Full Moon Silhouettes](ap130130.html)
2013 January 29: [Apollo 16: Driving on the Moon](ap130129.html)
2013 January 28: [In the Center of the Trifid Nebula](ap130128.html)
2013 January 27: [Comet McNaught Over Chile](ap130127.html)
2013 January 26: [Alaskan Moondogs](ap130126.html)
2013 January 25: [Matijevic Hill Panorama](ap130125.html)
2013 January 24: [ISS and the Summer Milky Way](ap130124.html)
2013 January 23: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap130123.html)
2013 January 22: [The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation](ap130122.html)
2013 January 21: [Huygens: Titan Descent Movie](ap130121.html)
2013 January 20: [The Antikythera Mechanism](ap130120.html)
2013 January 19: [Barnard Stares at NGC 2170](ap130119.html)
2013 January 18: [Stickney Crater](ap130118.html)
2013 January 17: [Cas A: Optical and X-ray](ap130117.html)
2013 January 16: [NGC 1309: Spiral Galaxy and Friends](ap130116.html)
2013 January 15: [A Solar Ballet](ap130115.html)
2013 January 14: [NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life](ap130114.html)
2013 January 13: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap130113.html)
2013 January 12: [Ten Billion Earths](ap130112.html)
2013 January 11: [The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies](ap130111.html)
2013 January 10: [The Orion Bullets](ap130110.html)
2013 January 09: [The Elusive Jellyfish Nebula](ap130109.html)
2013 January 08: [Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 7424](ap130108.html)
2013 January 07: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap130107.html)
2013 January 06: [The Dark Tower in Scorpius](ap130106.html)
2013 January 05: [Stereo Helene](ap130105.html)
2013 January 04: [Sunrise at Tycho](ap130104.html)
2013 January 03: [Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158](ap130103.html)
2013 January 02: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap130102.html)
2013 January 01: [A Double Star Cluster](ap130101.html)
2012 December 31: [Saturn's Rings from the Dark Side](ap121231.html)
2012 December 30: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap121230.html)
2012 December 29: [Zeta Oph: Runaway Star](ap121229.html)
2012 December 28: [NGC 6188 and NGC 6164](ap121228.html)
2012 December 27: [Curiosity Rover at Rocknest on Mars](ap121227.html)
2012 December 26: [Makemake of the Outer Solar System](ap121226.html)
2012 December 25: [Yosemite Winter Night](ap121225.html)
2012 December 24: [Hyades for the Holidays](ap121224.html)
2012 December 23: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap121223.html)
2012 December 22: [Saturn at Night](ap121222.html)
2012 December 21: [Orion over El Castillo](ap121221.html)
2012 December 20: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap121220.html)
2012 December 19: [NGC 5189: An Unusually Complex Planetary Nebula](ap121219.html)
2012 December 18: [A Sun Pillar Over Sweden](ap121218.html)
2012 December 17: [NGC 922: Collisional Ring Galaxy](ap121217.html)
2012 December 16: [MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula](ap121216.html)
2012 December 15: [When Gemini Sends Stars to Paranal](ap121215.html)
2012 December 14: [Umbra World](ap121214.html)
2012 December 13: [Apollo 17: A Stereo View from Lunar Orbit](ap121213.html)
2012 December 12: [Milky Way Over Quiver Tree Forest](ap121212.html)
2012 December 11: [NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery](ap121211.html)
2012 December 10: [Time Lapse: A Total Solar Eclipse](ap121210.html)
2012 December 09: [The Astronaut Who Captured a Satellite](ap121209.html)
2012 December 08: [Baku Moonrise](ap121208.html)
2012 December 07: [Earth at Night](ap121207.html)
2012 December 06: [47 Tuc Near the Small Magellanic Cloud](ap121206.html)
2012 December 05: [Plasma Jets from Radio Galaxy Hercules A](ap121205.html)
2012 December 04: [In the Center of Saturn's North Polar Vortex](ap121204.html)
2012 December 03: [A Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Spain](ap121203.html)
2012 December 02: [The Gegenschein Over Chile](ap121202.html)
2012 December 01: [Northern Mercury](ap121201.html)
2012 November 30: [Clouds in Cygnus](ap121130.html)
2012 November 29: [Super Moon vs Micro Moon](ap121129.html)
2012 November 28: [Jupiter and Io](ap121128.html)
2012 November 27: [Bright Jupiter in Taurus](ap121127.html)
2012 November 26: [Wisps of the Veil Nebula](ap121126.html)
2012 November 25: [Dark Sand Cascades on Mars](ap121125.html)
2012 November 24: [NGC 1365: Majestic Spiral with Supernova](ap121124.html)
2012 November 23: [The Pipe Nebula](ap121123.html)
2012 November 22: [Night of the Long Leonid](ap121122.html)
2012 November 21: [Diamond Ring and Shadow Bands](ap121121.html)
2012 November 20: [A Halo Around the Moon](ap121120.html)
2012 November 19: [Leonids Over Monument Valley](ap121119.html)
2012 November 18: [NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars](ap121118.html)
2012 November 17: [Like a Diamond in the Sky](ap121117.html)
2012 November 16: [Moon Shadow Sequence](ap121116.html)
2012 November 15: [Solar Eclipse over Queensland](ap121115.html)
2012 November 14: [Our Story in One Minute](ap121114.html)
2012 November 13: [A Solar Eclipse Quilt](ap121113.html)
2012 November 12: [Meteor and Moonbow over Wallaman Falls](ap121112.html)
2012 November 11: [Bailys Beads near Solar Eclipse Totality](ap121111.html)
2012 November 10: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660](ap121110.html)
2012 November 09: [Melotte 15 in the Heart](ap121109.html)
2012 November 08: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tail](ap121108.html)
2012 November 07: [Superstorm Sandy From Formation to Landfall](ap121107.html)
2012 November 06: [Methone: Smooth Egg Moon of Saturn](ap121106.html)
2012 November 05: [Saturn's Moon Dione in Slight Color](ap121105.html)
2012 November 04: [Lenticular Clouds Over Washington](ap121104.html)
2012 November 03: [Hunter's Moon over the Alps](ap121103.html)
2012 November 02: [The Black Hole in the Milky Way](ap121102.html)
2012 November 01: [Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula](ap121101.html)
2012 October 31: [VdB 152: A Ghost in Cepheus](ap121031.html)
2012 October 30: [Planetary Nebula PK 164 31](ap121030.html)
2012 October 29: [The Red Spider Planetary Nebula](ap121029.html)
2012 October 28: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap121028.html)
2012 October 27: [A Halo for NGC 6164](ap121027.html)
2012 October 26: [Reflection Nebula vdB1](ap121026.html)
2012 October 25: [The Medusa Nebula](ap121025.html)
2012 October 24: [NGC 206 and the Star Clouds of Andromeda](ap121024.html)
2012 October 23: [Mammatus Clouds Over Saskatchewan](ap121023.html)
2012 October 22: [A Space Shuttle on the Streets of Los Angeles](ap121022.html)
2012 October 21: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap121021.html)
2012 October 20: [Zodiacal Light and Milky Way](ap121020.html)
2012 October 19: [Merging NGC 2623](ap121019.html)
2012 October 18: [A View from Next Door](ap121018.html)
2012 October 17: [Aurora Over White Dome Geyser](ap121017.html)
2012 October 16: [A Spiral Nebula Surrounding Star R Sculptoris](ap121016.html)
2012 October 15: [Black Sun and Inverted Starfield](ap121015.html)
2012 October 14: [The Hubble Extreme Deep Field](ap121014.html)
2012 October 13: [Galaxies, Stars, and Dust](ap121013.html)
2012 October 12: [Pan-STARRS and Nebulae](ap121012.html)
2012 October 11: [Aurorae over Planet Earth](ap121011.html)
2012 October 10: [Nauset Light Star Trails](ap121010.html)
2012 October 09: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap121009.html)
2012 October 08: [Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39](ap121008.html)
2012 October 07: [The Same Color Illusion](ap121007.html)
2012 October 06: [At the Heart of Orion](ap121006.html)
2012 October 05: [Aurora and Fireball Over Norway](ap121005.html)
2012 October 04: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap121004.html)
2012 October 03: [Goat Aurora Over Greenland](ap121003.html)
2012 October 02: [An Ancient Stream Bank on Mars](ap121002.html)
2012 October 01: [Introducing Comet ISON](ap121001.html)
2012 September 30: [A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745](ap120930.html)
2012 September 29: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap120929.html)
2012 September 28: [Stars in a Dusty Sky](ap120928.html)
2012 September 27: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap120927.html)
2012 September 26: [A Space Shuttle Over Los Angeles](ap120926.html)
2012 September 25: [Unusual Spheres on Mars](ap120925.html)
2012 September 24: [NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula](ap120924.html)
2012 September 23: [Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice](ap120923.html)
2012 September 22: [Austrian Analemma](ap120922.html)
2012 September 21: [September Aurora](ap120921.html)
2012 September 20: [Sunrise Analemma (with a little extra)](ap120920.html)
2012 September 19: [Leaving Vesta](ap120919.html)
2012 September 18: [Orbiting Astronaut Self Portrait](ap120918.html)
2012 September 17: [A Solar Filament Erupts](ap120917.html)
2012 September 16: [Saturn: Bright Tethys and Ancient Rings](ap120916.html)
2012 September 15: [Ring Nebula Drawn](ap120915.html)
2012 September 14: [Elliptical M60, Spiral NGC 4647](ap120914.html)
2012 September 13: [Cocoon Nebula Wide Field](ap120913.html)
2012 September 12: [M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap120912.html)
2012 September 11: [Milky Way Over the Bungle Bungles](ap120911.html)
2012 September 10: [Curiosity on the Move](ap120910.html)
2012 September 09: [Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula](ap120909.html)
2012 September 08: [Cosmic Rays at Voyager 1](ap120908.html)
2012 September 07: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap120907.html)
2012 September 06: [Airglow over Italy](ap120906.html)
2012 September 05: [Airglow Over Germany](ap120905.html)
2012 September 04: [Hurricane Paths on Planet Earth](ap120904.html)
2012 September 03: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap120903.html)
2012 September 02: [RBSP Night Launch](ap120902.html)
2012 September 01: [On a Blue Moon](ap120901.html)
2012 August 31: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap120831.html)
2012 August 30: [Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama](ap120830.html)
2012 August 29: [A Dark Earth with a Red Sprite](ap120829.html)
2012 August 28: [Colorful Clouds Near Rho Ophiuchi](ap120828.html)
2012 August 27: [Curiosity on Mars: Mt Sharp in View](ap120827.html)
2012 August 26: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap120826.html)
2012 August 25: [Perseid over Albrechtsberg Castle](ap120825.html)
2012 August 24: [Moon Meets Morning Star](ap120824.html)
2012 August 23: [Conjunction Colours](ap120823.html)
2012 August 22: [Clouds Near the Edge of Space](ap120822.html)
2012 August 21: [DNA: The Molecule that Defines You](ap120821.html)
2012 August 20: [A Filament Across the Sun](ap120820.html)
2012 August 19: [M72: A Globular Cluster of Stars](ap120819.html)
2012 August 18: [Curiosity on Mars: Still Life with Rover](ap120818.html)
2012 August 17: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 5033](ap120817.html)
2012 August 16: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap120816.html)
2012 August 15: [Curiosity on Mars: A Wall of Gale Crater](ap120815.html)
2012 August 14: [Perseid Meteors and the Milky Way](ap120814.html)
2012 August 13: [A Flight Through the Universe](ap120813.html)
2012 August 12: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 4038 in Collision](ap120812.html)
2012 August 11: [The First Color Panorama from Mars by Curiosity](ap120811.html)
2012 August 10: [Perseid Below](ap120810.html)
2012 August 09: [Mars in the Loop](ap120809.html)
2012 August 08: [Curiosity Drops In](ap120808.html)
2012 August 07: [A Wheel on Mars](ap120807.html)
2012 August 06: [Nocturnal: Scenes from the Southern Night](ap120806.html)
2012 August 05: [IC 1396: Emission Nebula in Cepheus](ap120805.html)
2012 August 04: [The Bubble Nebula](ap120804.html)
2012 August 03: [Messier 5](ap120803.html)
2012 August 02: [South Pole Star Trails](ap120802.html)
2012 August 01: [The Milky Way Over Monument Valley](ap120801.html)
2012 July 31: [Curiosity Before Mars: Seven Minutes of Terror](ap120731.html)
2012 July 30: [Ash and Lightning Above an Icelandic Volcano](ap120730.html)
2012 July 29: [Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out](ap120729.html)
2012 July 28: [Trails in the Morning Sky](ap120728.html)
2012 July 27: [High Energy Stereoscopic System II](ap120727.html)
2012 July 26: [The Tulip in the Swan](ap120726.html)
2012 July 25: [Pink Aurora Over Crater Lake](ap120725.html)
2012 July 24: [South Polar Vortex Discovered on Titan](ap120724.html)
2012 July 23: [Lightning Captured at 7207 Images per Second](ap120723.html)
2012 July 22: [M16: Pillars of Creation](ap120722.html)
2012 July 21: [The Eagle Rises](ap120721.html)
2012 July 20: [Moon Meets Jupiter](ap120720.html)
2012 July 19: [Dawn of the Dish](ap120719.html)
2012 July 18: [A Hole in Mars](ap120718.html)
2012 July 17: [Simulation: A Disk Galaxy Forms](ap120717.html)
2012 July 16: [Fifth Moon Discovered Orbiting Pluto](ap120716.html)
2012 July 15: [Orion Nebula: The Hubble View](ap120715.html)
2012 July 14: [AR1520: Islands in the Photosphere](ap120714.html)
2012 July 13: [21st Century M101](ap120713.html)
2012 July 12: [Teimareh Petroglyphs and Star Trails](ap120712.html)
2012 July 11: [A Morning Line of Stars and Planets](ap120711.html)
2012 July 10: [Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth](ap120710.html)
2012 July 09: [Greeley Panorama on Mars](ap120709.html)
2012 July 08: [Volcano and Aurora in Iceland](ap120708.html)
2012 July 07: [Gravitational Tractor](ap120707.html)
2012 July 06: [The Tidal Tail of NGC 3628](ap120706.html)
2012 July 05: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap120705.html)
2012 July 04: [Sunspots and Silhouettes](ap120704.html)
2012 July 03: [In the Shadow of Saturn's Rings](ap120703.html)
2012 July 02: [Journey to the Center of the Galaxy](ap120702.html)
2012 July 01: [The Outer Shells of Centaurus A](ap120701.html)
2012 June 30: [Conjunctions near Dawn](ap120630.html)
2012 June 29: [Dark Clouds in Aquila](ap120629.html)
2012 June 28: [In the Glare of Alpha Centauri](ap120628.html)
2012 June 27: [Simeis 188 in Stars, Dust and Gas](ap120627.html)
2012 June 26: [A Sundial that Shows Solstice](ap120626.html)
2012 June 25: [Milky Way Over Piton de lEau](ap120625.html)
2012 June 24: [Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater](ap120624.html)
2012 June 23: [Northern Green Flash](ap120623.html)
2012 June 22: [IC 2574: Coddington's Nebula](ap120622.html)
2012 June 21: [WR 134 Ring Nebula](ap120621.html)
2012 June 20: [Venus Transits the Midnight Sun](ap120620.html)
2012 June 19: [NuSTAR X-Ray Telescope Launched](ap120619.html)
2012 June 18: [Milky Way Above Easter Island](ap120618.html)
2012 June 17: [Jupiter's Rings Revealed](ap120617.html)
2012 June 16: [APOD Turns 17](ap120616.html)
2012 June 15: [M65 and M66](ap120615.html)
2012 June 14: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap120614.html)
2012 June 13: [A Venus Transit Over the Baltic Sea](ap120613.html)
2012 June 12: [Thackeray's Globules](ap120612.html)
2012 June 11: [A Venus Transit Music Video from SDO](ap120611.html)
2012 June 10: [Two New Hubble Quality Telescopes Gifted to NASA](ap120610.html)
2012 June 09: [Venus at the Edge](ap120609.html)
2012 June 08: [When Venus Rises with the Sun](ap120608.html)
2012 June 07: [Venus Transit 2012](ap120607.html)
2012 June 06: [Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming](ap120606.html)
2012 June 05: [Live: Watching for Venus to Cross the Sun](ap120605.html)
2012 June 04: [Milky Way Galaxy Doomed: Collision with Andromeda Pending](ap120604.html)
2012 June 03: [A Picturesque Venus Transit](ap120603.html)
2012 June 02: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap120602.html)
2012 June 01: [A Sagittarius Triplet](ap120601.html)
2012 May 31: [Lantern Saturn](ap120531.html)
2012 May 30: [Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth](ap120530.html)
2012 May 29: [Sentinels of the Arctic](ap120529.html)
2012 May 28: [Contemplating the Sun](ap120528.html)
2012 May 27: [Mercury Spotting](ap120527.html)
2012 May 26: [At the Edge of NGC 891](ap120526.html)
2012 May 25: [Scorpius in Red and Blue](ap120525.html)
2012 May 24: [All the Water on Europa](ap120524.html)
2012 May 23: [SpaceX Dragon Launches to the Space Station](ap120523.html)
2012 May 22: [A Partial Solar Eclipse over Texas](ap120522.html)
2012 May 21: [A Close Pass of Saturn's Moon Dione](ap120521.html)
2012 May 20: [A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay](ap120520.html)
2012 May 19: [Annular Solar Eclipse](ap120519.html)
2012 May 18: [GALEX: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap120518.html)
2012 May 17: [Herschel's Cygnus X](ap120517.html)
2012 May 16: [Star Formation in the Tarantula Nebula](ap120516.html)
2012 May 15: [All the Water on Planet Earth](ap120515.html)
2012 May 14: [Virtual Flight Over Asteroid Vesta](ap120514.html)
2012 May 13: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672 from Hubble](ap120513.html)
2012 May 12: [The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies](ap120512.html)
2012 May 11: [Sun vs Super Moon](ap120511.html)
2012 May 10: [Green Flash and Super Moon](ap120510.html)
2012 May 09: [Shuttle Enterprise Over New York](ap120509.html)
2012 May 08: [The Light of Stars](ap120508.html)
2012 May 07: [Supermoon Over Paris](ap120507.html)
2012 May 06: [In the Center of the Omega Nebula](ap120506.html)
2012 May 05: [Full Moonrise](ap120505.html)
2012 May 04: [Fermi Epicycles: The Vela Pulsar's Path](ap120504.html)
2012 May 03: [M106 Close Up](ap120503.html)
2012 May 02: [Saturn's Moon Helene in Color](ap120502.html)
2012 May 01: [Higgs Boson Explained by Cartoon](ap120501.html)
2012 April 30: [Aurora Over Raufarh](ap120430.html)
2012 April 29: [A Dangerous Sunrise on Gliese 876d](ap120429.html)
2012 April 28: [Sutter's Mill Meteorite](ap120428.html)
2012 April 27: [Jupiter and the Moons of Earth](ap120427.html)
2012 April 26: [Morning, Moon, and Mercury](ap120426.html)
2012 April 25: [Meteor Over Crater Lake](ap120425.html)
2012 April 24: [Rosetta Approaches Asteroid Lutitea](ap120424.html)
2012 April 23: [Evaporating Blobs of the Carina Nebula](ap120423.html)
2012 April 22: [Flowing Barchan Sand Dunes on Mars](ap120422.html)
2012 April 21: [3 ATs](ap120421.html)
2012 April 20: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap120420.html)
2012 April 19: [Discovery Departs](ap120419.html)
2012 April 18: [The Flight Deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour](ap120418.html)
2012 April 17: [Antares and Clouds](ap120417.html)
2012 April 16: [The Eagle Nebula from Kitt Peak](ap120416.html)
2012 April 15: [Fata Morgana: A Possibly Titanic Mirage](ap120415.html)
2012 April 14: [Six Moons of Saturn](ap120414.html)
2012 April 13: [A Dust Devil of Mars](ap120413.html)
2012 April 12: [Yuri's Planet](ap120412.html)
2012 April 11: [Geostationary Satellites Beyond the Alps](ap120411.html)
2012 April 10: [A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap120410.html)
2012 April 09: [Blue Straggler Stars in Globular Cluster M53](ap120409.html)
2012 April 08: [Io: Moon Over Jupiter](ap120408.html)
2012 April 07: [Conjunction Haiku](ap120407.html)
2012 April 06: [Venus and the Sisters](ap120406.html)
2012 April 05: [Zodiacal Light Panorama](ap120405.html)
2012 April 04: [Centaurus A](ap120404.html)
2012 April 03: [M46 and M47: Star Clusters Young and Old](ap120403.html)
2012 April 02: [Tungurahua Erupts](ap120402.html)
2012 April 01: [Dad Quiets Omicron Ceti](ap120401.html)
2012 March 31: [Paris by Night](ap120331.html)
2012 March 30: [The Grand Canyon in Moonlight](ap120330.html)
2012 March 29: [Rocket Trails in the Milky Way](ap120329.html)
2012 March 28: [Earthshine and Venus Over Sierra de Guadarrama](ap120328.html)
2012 March 27: [Unusual Hollows Discovered on Planet Mercury](ap120327.html)
2012 March 26: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap120326.html)
2012 March 25: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap120325.html)
2012 March 24: [The New Moon in the Old Moon's Arms](ap120324.html)
2012 March 23: [Messier 9 Close Up](ap120323.html)
2012 March 22: [M95 with Supernova](ap120322.html)
2012 March 21: [Aurora Over Iceland](ap120321.html)
2012 March 20: [Evolution of the Moon](ap120320.html)
2012 March 19: [Sunspot Group 1429 and the Distant Sun](ap120319.html)
2012 March 18: [Jupiter and Venus from Earth](ap120318.html)
2012 March 17: [NGC 2683: Edge-On Spiral Galaxy](ap120317.html)
2012 March 16: [Bright Planets at McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope](ap120316.html)
2012 March 15: [Solar Flare in the Gamma-ray Sky](ap120315.html)
2012 March 14: [Angry Sun Erupting](ap120314.html)
2012 March 13: [The M81 Galaxy Group Through the Integrated Flux Nebula](ap120313.html)
2012 March 12: [The Scale of the Universe Interactive](ap120312.html)
2012 March 11: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap120311.html)
2012 March 10: [Lick Observatory Moonrise](ap120310.html)
2012 March 09: [NGC 1579: Trifid of the North](ap120309.html)
2012 March 08: [The Seagull Nebula](ap120308.html)
2012 March 07: [Conjunction Over Reunion Island](ap120307.html)
2012 March 06: [NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life](ap120306.html)
2012 March 05: [Flying Over the Earth at Night](ap120305.html)
2012 March 04: [Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510 13](ap120304.html)
2012 March 03: [Another Tail for Comet Garradd](ap120303.html)
2012 March 02: [Jupiter Unplugged](ap120302.html)
2012 March 01: [Multicolor Venus](ap120301.html)
2012 February 29: [Moon and Planets Over Catalonia](ap120229.html)
2012 February 28: [The Opposing Tails of Comet Garradd](ap120228.html)
2012 February 27: [Shocked by Supernova 1987A](ap120227.html)
2012 February 26: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A](ap120226.html)
2012 February 25: [Stephan's Quintet](ap120225.html)
2012 February 24: [Aurigae Nebulae](ap120224.html)
2012 February 23: [A Zodiacal Skyscape](ap120223.html)
2012 February 22: [A Sailing Stone in Death Valley](ap120222.html)
2012 February 21: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Wyoming](ap120221.html)
2012 February 20: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1073](ap120220.html)
2012 February 19: [A Message From Earth](ap120219.html)
2012 February 18: [On the Road to Carina](ap120218.html)
2012 February 17: [At the West Wall of Aristarchus Crater](ap120217.html)
2012 February 16: [NGC 5965 and NGC 5963 in Draco](ap120216.html)
2012 February 15: [Meropes Reflection Nebula](ap120215.html)
2012 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap120214.html)
2012 February 13: [An Unusual Venusian Oval](ap120213.html)
2012 February 12: [Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap120212.html)
2012 February 11: [A February Moon Halo](ap120211.html)
2012 February 10: [At the Core of NGC 6752](ap120210.html)
2012 February 09: [Trees, Stars, Aurora](ap120209.html)
2012 February 08: [Enceladus Backlit by Saturn](ap120208.html)
2012 February 07: [The Belt of Venus Over Mercedes Argentina](ap120207.html)
2012 February 06: [Dust of the Orion Nebula](ap120206.html)
2012 February 05: [Lunation](ap120205.html)
2012 February 04: [Comet Garradd and M92](ap120204.html)
2012 February 03: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap120203.html)
2012 February 02: [La Silla Star Trails North and South](ap120202.html)
2012 February 01: [Red Aurora Over Australia](ap120201.html)
2012 January 31: [The Helix Nebula from the VISTA Telescope](ap120131.html)
2012 January 30: [Blue Marble Earth from Suomi NPP](ap120130.html)
2012 January 29: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap120129.html)
2012 January 28: [Planet Aurora Borealis](ap120128.html)
2012 January 27: [NGC 3239 and SN 2012A](ap120127.html)
2012 January 26: [NGC 4449: Star Stream for a Dwarf Galaxy](ap120126.html)
2012 January 25: [Opportunity Rover Spots Greeley Haven on Mars](ap120125.html)
2012 January 24: [January Aurora Over Norway](ap120124.html)
2012 January 23: [Deep Orion Over the Canary Islands](ap120123.html)
2012 January 22: [Saturn's Hexagon Comes to Light](ap120122.html)
2012 January 21: [Days in the Sun](ap120121.html)
2012 January 20: [The Wolf's Moon](ap120120.html)
2012 January 19: [The Hunter's Stars](ap120119.html)
2012 January 18: [Cygnus X: The Inner Workings of a Nearby Star Factory](ap120118.html)
2012 January 17: [IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula](ap120117.html)
2012 January 16: [Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn](ap120116.html)
2012 January 15: [Infrared Portrait of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap120115.html)
2012 January 14: [NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula](ap120114.html)
2012 January 13: [Saturns Iapetus: Painted Moon](ap120113.html)
2012 January 12: [The Case of the Missing Supernova Companion](ap120112.html)
2012 January 11: [Little Planet Lovejoy](ap120111.html)
2012 January 10: [Bright Star Regulus near the Leo I Dwarf Galaxy](ap120110.html)
2012 January 09: [Facing NGC 6946](ap120109.html)
2012 January 08: [Lighthouse and Meteor](ap120108.html)
2012 January 07: [Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap120107.html)
2012 January 06: [A Wide Field Image of the Galactic Center](ap120106.html)
2012 January 05: [Ringside with Titan and Dione](ap120105.html)
2012 January 04: [Starburst Galaxy IC 10](ap120104.html)
2012 January 03: [A Full Sky Aurora Over Norway](ap120103.html)
2012 January 02: [Spot the Moon](ap120102.html)
2012 January 01: [To Fly Free in Space](ap120101.html)
2011 December 31: [Comet Lovejoy and the ISS](ap111231.html)
2011 December 30: [The Diner at the Center of the Galaxy](ap111230.html)
2011 December 29: [Conjunction at Sunset](ap111229.html)
2011 December 28: [Comet Lovejoy over Paranal](ap111228.html)
2011 December 27: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap111227.html)
2011 December 26: [A Raging Storm System on Saturn](ap111226.html)
2011 December 25: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap111225.html)
2011 December 24: [Eclipsed Moon in the Morning](ap111224.html)
2011 December 23: [Shell Galaxy NGC 7600](ap111223.html)
2011 December 22: [Through a Sun Tunnel](ap111222.html)
2011 December 21: [A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble](ap111221.html)
2011 December 20: [NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy](ap111220.html)
2011 December 19: [A Geminid Meteor Over Iran](ap111219.html)
2011 December 18: [Hints of Higgs from the Large Hadron Collider](ap111218.html)
2011 December 17: [Comet Lovejoy: Sungrazing Survivor](ap111217.html)
2011 December 16: [Red Moon Rising](ap111216.html)
2011 December 15: [The Umbra of Earth](ap111215.html)
2011 December 14: [A Lunar Eclipse Over an Indian Peace Pagoda](ap111214.html)
2011 December 13: [In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula](ap111213.html)
2011 December 12: [Unusual Vein of Deposited Rock on Mars](ap111212.html)
2011 December 11: [Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica](ap111211.html)
2011 December 10: [Vesta Rocks](ap111210.html)
2011 December 09: [Eclipsed Moon in the Morning](ap111209.html)
2011 December 08: [Sh2-239: Celestial Impasto](ap111208.html)
2011 December 07: [Kepler 22b: An Almost Earth Orbiting an Almost Sun](ap111207.html)
2011 December 06: [Jupiter Rotation Movie from Pic du Midi](ap111206.html)
2011 December 05: [A Memorable Aurora Over Norway](ap111205.html)
2011 December 04: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap111204.html)
2011 December 03: [As Above, So Below](ap111203.html)
2011 December 02: [Solar Eclipse over Antarctica](ap111202.html)
2011 December 01: [Young Moon Meets Evening Star](ap111201.html)
2011 November 30: [Curiosity Rover Lifts Off for Mars](ap111130.html)
2011 November 29: [Across the Center of Centaurus A](ap111129.html)
2011 November 28: [A Landslide on Asteroid Vesta](ap111128.html)
2011 November 27: [Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to the Moon](ap111127.html)
2011 November 26: [Pelican Nebula Close Up](ap111126.html)
2011 November 25: [A Glimpse of CLIMSO](ap111125.html)
2011 November 24: [Caught in the Afterglow](ap111124.html)
2011 November 23: [The View from Chajnantor](ap111123.html)
2011 November 22: [Leonid Fireball over Tenerife](ap111122.html)
2011 November 21: [Around the World in 90 Minutes](ap111121.html)
2011 November 20: [W5: Pillars of Star Formation](ap111120.html)
2011 November 19: [In Wolf's Cave](ap111119.html)
2011 November 18: [A Colorful Side of the Moon](ap111118.html)
2011 November 17: [Pleiades to Hyades](ap111117.html)
2011 November 16: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap111116.html)
2011 November 15: [Orange Sun Scintillating](ap111115.html)
2011 November 14: [Waterfall, Moonbow, and Aurora from Iceland](ap111114.html)
2011 November 13: [The Butterfly Nebula from Hubble](ap111113.html)
2011 November 12: [Sunspot Castle](ap111112.html)
2011 November 11: [In the Arms of M83](ap111111.html)
2011 November 10: [RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant](ap111110.html)
2011 November 09: [Asteroid 2005 YU55 Passes the Earth](ap111109.html)
2011 November 08: [Jumping Sundogs Over Thunderclouds](ap111108.html)
2011 November 07: [Star Forming Region S106](ap111107.html)
2011 November 06: [Orange Sun Oozing](ap111106.html)
2011 November 05: [GK Per: Nova of 1901](ap111105.html)
2011 November 04: [Edge-on NGC 3628](ap111104.html)
2011 November 03: [IC 59 and IC 63 in Cassiopeia](ap111103.html)
2011 November 02: [NGC 7380: The Wizard Nebula](ap111102.html)
2011 November 01: [Hammer Versus Feather on the Moon](ap111101.html)
2011 October 31: [Ghost of the Cepheus Flare](ap111031.html)
2011 October 30: [White Rock Fingers on Mars](ap111030.html)
2011 October 29: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 from Hubble](ap111029.html)
2011 October 28: [October Skylights](ap111028.html)
2011 October 27: [Young Suns of NGC 7129](ap111027.html)
2011 October 26: [In, Through, and Beyond Saturn's Rings](ap111026.html)
2011 October 25: [IC 1805: The Heart Nebula in HDR](ap111025.html)
2011 October 24: [HH 222: The Waterfall Nebula](ap111024.html)
2011 October 23: [Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons](ap111023.html)
2011 October 22: [Jupiter Near Opposition](ap111022.html)
2011 October 21: [Clouds of Perseus](ap111021.html)
2011 October 20: [Tails of Comet Garradd](ap111020.html)
2011 October 19: [Draconid Meteors Over Spain](ap111019.html)
2011 October 18: [Movie: Approaching Light Speed](ap111018.html)
2011 October 17: [MACS 1206: A Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Len](ap111017.html)
2011 October 16: [A Picturesque Venus Transit](ap111016.html)
2011 October 15: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap111015.html)
2011 October 14: [MAGIC Star Trails](ap111014.html)
2011 October 13: [The Color of IC 1795](ap111013.html)
2011 October 12: [Saturn: Shadows of a Seasonal Sundial](ap111012.html)
2011 October 11: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap111011.html)
2011 October 10: [A Strange Sunrise Over Argentina](ap111010.html)
2011 October 09: [Nobels for a Strange Universe](ap111009.html)
2011 October 08: [MESSENGER's First Day](ap111008.html)
2011 October 07: [The Comet Hartley 2 Cruise](ap111007.html)
2011 October 06: [M82: Starburst Galaxy with a Superwind](ap111006.html)
2011 October 05: [Comet and CME on the Sun](ap111005.html)
2011 October 04: [QR Codes: Not for Human Eyes](ap111004.html)
2011 October 03: [Dark Matter Movie from the Bolshoi Simulation](ap111003.html)
2011 October 02: [Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event](ap111002.html)
2011 October 01: [Asteroids Near Earth](ap111001.html)
2011 September 30: [Cloudy Night of the Northern Lights](ap110930.html)
2011 September 29: [Cocoon Nebula Wide Field](ap110929.html)
2011 September 28: [Violent Sunspot Group AR 1302 Unleashes a Flare](ap110928.html)
2011 September 27: [Flying over Planet Earth](ap110927.html)
2011 September 26: [Dry Ice Pits on Mars](ap110926.html)
2011 September 25: [A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun](ap110925.html)
2011 September 24: [Mangaia's Milky Way](ap110924.html)
2011 September 23: [September's Aurora](ap110923.html)
2011 September 22: [Arp 272](ap110922.html)
2011 September 21: [Pleiades Deep Field](ap110921.html)
2011 September 20: [Kepler 16b: A Planet with Two Suns](ap110920.html)
2011 September 19: [The South Pole of Asteroid Vesta](ap110919.html)
2011 September 18: [A Sharp View of the Sun](ap110918.html)
2011 September 17: [Spitzer's Orion](ap110917.html)
2011 September 16: [September's Harvest Moon](ap110916.html)
2011 September 15: [NGC 3521: Galaxy in a Bubble](ap110915.html)
2011 September 14: [The Bubble and M52](ap110914.html)
2011 September 13: [Great Orion Nebulae](ap110913.html)
2011 September 12: [Tisdale 2 Rock Formation on Mars](ap110912.html)
2011 September 11: [On the Origin of Gold](ap110911.html)
2011 September 10: [Rollback from GRAIL's Rocket](ap110910.html)
2011 September 09: [Comet Garradd and the Coat Hanger](ap110909.html)
2011 September 08: [Apollo 17 Site: A Sharper View](ap110908.html)
2011 September 07: [J102815: A Star That Should Not Exist](ap110907.html)
2011 September 06: [M6: The Butterfly Cluster](ap110906.html)
2011 September 05: [HH 47: A Young Star Jet Expands](ap110905.html)
2011 September 04: [In the Shadow of Saturn](ap110904.html)
2011 September 03: [Comet Garradd Passes Ten Thousand Stars](ap110903.html)
2011 September 02: [Herschel Views the Milky Way](ap110902.html)
2011 September 01: [M27: Not a Comet](ap110901.html)
2011 August 31: [Roll Cloud Over Wisconsin](ap110831.html)
2011 August 30: [The Coldest Brown Dwarf](ap110830.html)
2011 August 29: [Hickson 44 in Leo](ap110829.html)
2011 August 28: [A Jet from Galaxy M87](ap110828.html)
2011 August 27: [Hurricane Irene Forms](ap110827.html)
2011 August 26: [A Young Supernova in the Nearby Pinwheel Galaxy](ap110826.html)
2011 August 25: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap110825.html)
2011 August 24: [A Pileus Iridescent Cloud Over Ethiopia](ap110824.html)
2011 August 23: [Aurora Over Greenland](ap110823.html)
2011 August 22: [TrES 2b: Dark Planet](ap110822.html)
2011 August 21: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap110821.html)
2011 August 20: [Stereo Vesta](ap110820.html)
2011 August 19: [Herschel's Cocoon](ap110819.html)
2011 August 18: [A Sun Pillar Over Ontario](ap110818.html)
2011 August 17: [Perseid Below](ap110817.html)
2011 August 16: [Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula](ap110816.html)
2011 August 15: [Rover Arrives at Endeavour Crater on Mars](ap110815.html)
2011 August 14: [Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas](ap110814.html)
2011 August 13: [Castle and Meteor by Moonlight](ap110813.html)
2011 August 12: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap110812.html)
2011 August 11: [The Snows of Paranal](ap110811.html)
2011 August 10: [The Summer Triangle Over Catalonia](ap110810.html)
2011 August 09: [Juno Rockets Toward Jupiter](ap110809.html)
2011 August 08: [Seasonal Dark Streaks on Mars](ap110808.html)
2011 August 07: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Planetary Nebula](ap110807.html)
2011 August 06: [Comet Garradd and Messier 15](ap110806.html)
2011 August 05: [A Summer Night's Dream](ap110805.html)
2011 August 04: [A Dusty Iris Nebula](ap110804.html)
2011 August 03: [The Leo Triplet Galaxies from VST](ap110803.html)
2011 August 02: [Asteroid Vesta Full Frame](ap110802.html)
2011 August 01: [Shuttle Reentry Streak from Orbit](ap110801.html)
2011 July 31: [Metal on the Plains of Mars](ap110731.html)
2011 July 30: [A Tale of Two Hemispheres](ap110730.html)
2011 July 29: [Gale Crater](ap110729.html)
2011 July 28: [NGC 6188 and NGC 6164](ap110728.html)
2011 July 27: [Introducing Comet Garradd](ap110727.html)
2011 July 26: [Galaxy NGC 474: Cosmic Blender](ap110726.html)
2011 July 25: [Milky Way Over Abandoned Kilns](ap110725.html)
2011 July 24: [A Flight of Helios](ap110724.html)
2011 July 23: [NGC 2403 in Camelopardalis](ap110723.html)
2011 July 22: [Pluto's P4](ap110722.html)
2011 July 21: [Atlantis Farewell from Parkes](ap110721.html)
2011 July 20: [Noctilucent Clouds Over Edmonton](ap110720.html)
2011 July 19: [Vesta Vista](ap110719.html)
2011 July 18: [A Busy Space Walk at the Space Station](ap110718.html)
2011 July 17: [Lewin's Challenge: 360 Degree Star Trails](ap110717.html)
2011 July 16: [Starry Night over Dubai](ap110716.html)
2011 July 15: [NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap](ap110715.html)
2011 July 14: [Neptune: Once Around](ap110714.html)
2011 July 13: [Atlantis Last Approach](ap110713.html)
2011 July 12: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap110712.html)
2011 July 11: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Over Tajikistan](ap110711.html)
2011 July 10: [A Milky Way Band](ap110710.html)
2011 July 09: [Atlantis Reflection](ap110709.html)
2011 July 08: [Saturn Storm Panoramas](ap110708.html)
2011 July 07: [Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy in Aries](ap110707.html)
2011 July 06: [Sunrise at Tycho](ap110706.html)
2011 July 05: [A Triangular Shadow of a Large Volcano](ap110705.html)
2011 July 04: [Southern Ocean Sky](ap110704.html)
2011 July 03: [Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System](ap110703.html)
2011 July 02: [Moon and Venus at Dawn](ap110702.html)
2011 July 01: [VAR!](ap110701.html)
2011 June 30: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap110630.html)
2011 June 29: [Abell 2744: Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies](ap110629.html)
2011 June 28: [Stardust and Betelgeuse](ap110628.html)
2011 June 27: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap110627.html)
2011 June 26: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap110626.html)
2011 June 25: [Eclipse over the Acropolis](ap110625.html)
2011 June 24: [The Big Dipper](ap110624.html)
2011 June 23: [Stereo Helene](ap110623.html)
2011 June 22: [MESSENGER's Degas View](ap110622.html)
2011 June 21: [Eclipsed Moonlight](ap110621.html)
2011 June 20: [Last Roll Out of a NASA Space Shuttle](ap110620.html)
2011 June 19: [The Regolith of Asteroid Eros](ap110619.html)
2011 June 18: [Lightning Eclipse from the Planet of the Goats](ap110618.html)
2011 June 17: [Eclipsed Moon in the Milky Way](ap110617.html)
2011 June 16: [Mercury's Surface in Exaggerated Color](ap110616.html)
2011 June 15: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap110615.html)
2011 June 14: [The Universe Nearby](ap110614.html)
2011 June 13: [Views from Cassini at Saturn](ap110613.html)
2011 June 12: [M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy](ap110612.html)
2011 June 11: [Supernovae in the Whirlpool](ap110611.html)
2011 June 10: [The Sun Unleashed](ap110610.html)
2011 June 09: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap110609.html)
2011 June 08: [Space Shuttle and Space Station Photographed Together](ap110608.html)
2011 June 07: [A Last Landing for Space Shuttle Endeavour](ap110607.html)
2011 June 06: [Geometer's Playground Over Wyoming](ap110606.html)
2011 June 05: [Another Nearby Supernova in the Whirlpool Galaxy](ap110605.html)
2011 June 04: [Dawn's Grande Finale](ap110604.html)
2011 June 03: [Midnight's Solar Eclipse](ap110603.html)
2011 June 02: [Endeavour's Starry Night](ap110602.html)
2011 June 01: [Earth Rotating Under Very Large Telescopes](ap110601.html)
2011 May 31: [Jets from Unusual Galaxy Centaurus A](ap110531.html)
2011 May 30: [The Last Panorama of the Spirit Rover on Mars](ap110530.html)
2011 May 29: [Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning](ap110529.html)
2011 May 28: [The Mileage of Light](ap110528.html)
2011 May 27: [Messier Marathon](ap110527.html)
2011 May 26: [Supernova Sonata](ap110526.html)
2011 May 25: [Space Shuttle Rising](ap110525.html)
2011 May 24: [Three Arches Above Utah](ap110524.html)
2011 May 23: [An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula](ap110523.html)
2011 May 22: [Io: The Prometheus Plume](ap110522.html)
2011 May 21: [Planets, Endeavour at Dawn](ap110521.html)
2011 May 20: [A Journey Through the Night Sky](ap110520.html)
2011 May 19: [NGC 253: Close Up](ap110519.html)
2011 May 18: [The Last Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour](ap110518.html)
2011 May 17: [A Starry Night of Iceland](ap110517.html)
2011 May 16: [Time Lapse Clouds and Sky Over the Canary Islands](ap110516.html)
2011 May 15: [The Sombrero Galaxy from Hubble](ap110515.html)
2011 May 14: [The Little Dipper](ap110514.html)
2011 May 13: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap110513.html)
2011 May 12: [Enceladus Looms](ap110512.html)
2011 May 11: [The Southern Cliff in the Lagoon](ap110511.html)
2011 May 10: [Gravity Probe B Confirms the Existence of Gravitomagnetism](ap110510.html)
2011 May 09: [Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes](ap110509.html)
2011 May 08: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap110508.html)
2011 May 07: [Dawn of the Planets](ap110507.html)
2011 May 06: [Farther Along](ap110506.html)
2011 May 05: [50 Years Ago: Freedom 7 Flies](ap110505.html)
2011 May 04: [Celestial Trails over Greece](ap110504.html)
2011 May 03: [Globular Cluster M15 from Hubble](ap110503.html)
2011 May 02: [Jupiter's Great Red Spot from Voyager 1](ap110502.html)
2011 May 01: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 163](ap110501.html)
2011 April 30: [Tycho's Supernova Remnant](ap110430.html)
2011 April 29: [The Antennae](ap110429.html)
2011 April 28: [Scintillating](ap110428.html)
2011 April 27: [The Dark Tower in Scorpius](ap110427.html)
2011 April 26: [Hydrogen in the LMC](ap110426.html)
2011 April 25: [Monsters of IC 1396](ap110425.html)
2011 April 24: [The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble](ap110424.html)
2011 April 23: [Shadows at the Lunar South Pole](ap110423.html)
2011 April 22: [Virgo Cluster Galaxies](ap110422.html)
2011 April 21: [Peculiar Galaxies of Arp 273](ap110421.html)
2011 April 20: [Rio Morning Moonset](ap110420.html)
2011 April 19: [The GRB 110328A Symphony](ap110419.html)
2011 April 18: [Visual Effects: Wonders of the Universe](ap110418.html)
2011 April 17: [The View from Everest](ap110417.html)
2011 April 16: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap110416.html)
2011 April 15: [Messier 101](ap110415.html)
2011 April 14: [Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud](ap110414.html)
2011 April 13: [Centaurus Radio Jets Rising](ap110413.html)
2011 April 12: [50 Years Ago: Yuri's Planet](ap110412.html)
2011 April 11: [Otherworldly Planet Rise](ap110411.html)
2011 April 10: [Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet](ap110410.html)
2011 April 09: [Lunar Farside](ap110409.html)
2011 April 08: [Echoes from the Depths of a Red Giant Star](ap110408.html)
2011 April 07: [Planetary Nebula NGC 2438](ap110407.html)
2011 April 06: [M74: The Perfect Spiral](ap110406.html)
2011 April 05: [The Milky Way Over Tenerife](ap110405.html)
2011 April 04: [Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System](ap110404.html)
2011 April 03: [Giant Galaxy NGC 6872](ap110403.html)
2011 April 02: [Endeavour Looking Up](ap110402.html)
2011 April 01: [It's Raining on Titan](ap110401.html)
2011 March 31: [MESSENGER at Mercury](ap110331.html)
2011 March 30: [NGC 5584: Expanding the Universe](ap110330.html)
2011 March 29: [Kepler's Suns and Planets](ap110329.html)
2011 March 28: [Time Lapse Auroras Over Norway](ap110328.html)
2011 March 27: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap110327.html)
2011 March 26: [T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula](ap110326.html)
2011 March 25: [Auroral Substorm over Yellowknife](ap110325.html)
2011 March 24: [Boston Moonrise](ap110324.html)
2011 March 23: [MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula](ap110323.html)
2011 March 22: [NGC 6384: Spiral Beyond the Stars](ap110322.html)
2011 March 21: [The CMB Cold Spot](ap110321.html)
2011 March 20: [Parthenon Moon](ap110320.html)
2011 March 19: [Messier 106](ap110319.html)
2011 March 18: [Mercury and Jupiter at Sunset](ap110318.html)
2011 March 17: [Saturn's Serpent Storm](ap110317.html)
2011 March 16: [Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628](ap110316.html)
2011 March 15: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap110315.html)
2011 March 14: [Spacecrafts Streak Over Colorado](ap110314.html)
2011 March 13: [A Mars Panorama from the Phoenix Lander](ap110313.html)
2011 March 12: [Mare Orientale](ap110312.html)
2011 March 11: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap110311.html)
2011 March 10: [Discovery in Twilight](ap110310.html)
2011 March 09: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap110309.html)
2011 March 08: [Titan, Rings, and Saturn from Cassini](ap110308.html)
2011 March 07: [A Solar Prominence Eruption from SDO](ap110307.html)
2011 March 06: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap110306.html)
2011 March 05: [Cooling Neutron Star](ap110305.html)
2011 March 04: [NGC 6914 Nebulae](ap110304.html)
2011 March 03: [Lunar Nearside](ap110303.html)
2011 March 02: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap110302.html)
2011 March 01: [Discovery Visits the Space Station](ap110301.html)
2011 February 28: [Red Snow Moon over Edmonton](ap110228.html)
2011 February 27: [Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap110227.html)
2011 February 26: [Shell Galaxies in Pisces](ap110226.html)
2011 February 25: [NGC 4449: Close up of a Small Galaxy](ap110225.html)
2011 February 24: [NGC 1999: South of Orion](ap110224.html)
2011 February 23: [The Solar System from MESSENGER](ap110223.html)
2011 February 22: [Star Size Comparisons](ap110222.html)
2011 February 21: [Milky Way Over Switzerland](ap110221.html)
2011 February 20: [Mammatus Clouds Over Olympic Valley](ap110220.html)
2011 February 19: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841 Close Up](ap110219.html)
2011 February 18: [Planetary Nebula Project](ap110218.html)
2011 February 17: [X-Class Flare](ap110217.html)
2011 February 16: [Comet Tempel 1 from Stardust NeXT Spacecraft](ap110216.html)
2011 February 15: [The North America Nebula in Infrared](ap110215.html)
2011 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap110214.html)
2011 February 13: [Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos](ap110213.html)
2011 February 12: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap110212.html)
2011 February 11: [Star Colors in Orion](ap110211.html)
2011 February 10: [Hanny's Voorwerp](ap110210.html)
2011 February 09: [NGC 2174: Stars Versus Mountains](ap110209.html)
2011 February 08: [Iridescent Clouds from the Top of the World Highway](ap110208.html)
2011 February 07: [Sun 360: STEREO Captures Views of the Entire Sun](ap110207.html)
2011 February 06: [An Anomalous SETI Signal](ap110206.html)
2011 February 05: [Apollo 14: A View from Antares](ap110205.html)
2011 February 04: [Zeta Oph: Runaway Star](ap110204.html)
2011 February 03: [Six Worlds for Kepler-11](ap110203.html)
2011 February 02: [Moon and Venus over Switzerland](ap110202.html)
2011 February 01: [Powers of Ten](ap110201.html)
2011 January 31: [Japan's Kounotori2 Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station](ap110131.html)
2011 January 30: [Gibbous Europa](ap110130.html)
2011 January 29: [Opportunity at Santa Maria Crater](ap110129.html)
2011 January 28: [NanoSail-D](ap110128.html)
2011 January 27: [Hidden Treasures of M78](ap110127.html)
2011 January 26: [The Whirlpool Galaxy in Infrared Dust](ap110126.html)
2011 January 25: [The Rippled Red Ribbons of SNR 0509](ap110125.html)
2011 January 24: [Phobos South Pole from Mars Express](ap110124.html)
2011 January 23: [Peekskill Fireball Video: Johnstown](ap110123.html)
2011 January 22: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660](ap110122.html)
2011 January 21: [Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka](ap110121.html)
2011 January 20: [The Once and Future Stars of Andromeda](ap110120.html)
2011 January 19: [Saturn Storm](ap110119.html)
2011 January 18: [Kona Galaxy Garden](ap110118.html)
2011 January 17: [Night and Day above Almost Planet Sounio](ap110117.html)
2011 January 16: [Globular Star Cluster 47 Tuc](ap110116.html)
2011 January 15: [A Total Eclipse at the End of the World](ap110115.html)
2011 January 14: [Quadrantids over Qumis](ap110114.html)
2011 January 13: [NGC 3521 Close Up](ap110113.html)
2011 January 12: [The Seagull Nebula](ap110112.html)
2011 January 11: [The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula](ap110111.html)
2011 January 10: [A Sun Halo Beyond Stockholm](ap110110.html)
2011 January 09: [The Antikythera Mechanism](ap110109.html)
2011 January 08: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap110108.html)
2011 January 07: [Sunset, Moonset](ap110107.html)
2011 January 06: [Sunrise, Moonrise](ap110106.html)
2011 January 05: [Eclipsing the Sun](ap110105.html)
2011 January 04: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap110104.html)
2011 January 03: [Winter Hexagon Over Stagecoach Colorado](ap110103.html)
2011 January 02: [Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth](ap110102.html)
2011 January 01: [Fireworks Galaxy NGC 6946](ap110101.html)
2010 December 31: [Analemma 2010](ap101231.html)
2010 December 30: [Still Life with NGC 2170](ap101230.html)
2010 December 29: [Eclipse at Moonset](ap101229.html)
2010 December 28: [Skylights Over Libya](ap101228.html)
2010 December 27: [One Million Galaxies](ap101227.html)
2010 December 26: [Sideways Orion Over Snowy Ireland](ap101226.html)
2010 December 25: [Decorating the Sky](ap101225.html)
2010 December 24: [Star Trails in the North](ap101224.html)
2010 December 23: [The Solstice Moon's Eclipse](ap101223.html)
2010 December 22: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342](ap101222.html)
2010 December 21: [Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky](ap101221.html)
2010 December 20: [A Lunar Eclipse on Solstice Day](ap101220.html)
2010 December 19: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap101219.html)
2010 December 18: [North America and the Pelican](ap101218.html)
2010 December 17: [A Meteor Moment](ap101217.html)
2010 December 16: [Geminids over Kitt Peak](ap101216.html)
2010 December 15: [A Huge Solar Filament Erupts](ap101215.html)
2010 December 14: [Launch of a Delta IV Heavy](ap101214.html)
2010 December 13: [Contemplating the Sky](ap101213.html)
2010 December 12: [Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita](ap101212.html)
2010 December 11: [Meteor in the Desert Sky](ap101211.html)
2010 December 10: [A Twilight Occultation](ap101210.html)
2010 December 09: [M81 and Arp's Loop](ap101209.html)
2010 December 08: [Intrepid Crater on Mars](ap101208.html)
2010 December 07: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap101207.html)
2010 December 06: [Mono Lake: Home to the Strange Microbe GFAJ 1](ap101206.html)
2010 December 05: [Moonrise Through Mauna Keas Shadow](ap101205.html)
2010 December 04: [Sunset at the Spiral Jetty](ap101204.html)
2010 December 03: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap101203.html)
2010 December 02: [Hartley 2 Star Cluster Tour](ap101202.html)
2010 December 01: [Martian Moon Phobos from Mars Express](ap101201.html)
2010 November 30: [A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana](ap101130.html)
2010 November 29: [Dark Belt Reappearing on Jupiter](ap101129.html)
2010 November 28: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado](ap101128.html)
2010 November 27: [Star Streams of NGC 4216](ap101127.html)
2010 November 26: [Flame Nebula Close-Up](ap101126.html)
2010 November 25: [Stardust in Aries](ap101125.html)
2010 November 24: [Flowing Auroras Over Norway](ap101124.html)
2010 November 23: [Gas and Snow Jets from Comet Hartley 2](ap101123.html)
2010 November 22: [A Dark Dune Field in Proctor Crater on Mars](ap101122.html)
2010 November 21: [A Massive Star in NGC 6357](ap101121.html)
2010 November 20: [Stephan's Quintet](ap101120.html)
2010 November 19: [Nebulae in the Northern Cross](ap101119.html)
2010 November 18: [Sisters of the Dusty Sky](ap101118.html)
2010 November 17: [Frosted Leaf Orion](ap101117.html)
2010 November 16: [Atoms for Peace Galaxy Collision](ap101116.html)
2010 November 15: [Home from Above](ap101115.html)
2010 November 14: [Multiverses: Do Other Universes Exist?](ap101114.html)
2010 November 13: [Spiral Galaxy M66](ap101113.html)
2010 November 12: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap101112.html)
2010 November 11: [Two Views, Two Crescents](ap101111.html)
2010 November 10: [Huge Gamma Ray Bubbles Found Around Milky Way](ap101110.html)
2010 November 09: [NGC 4452: An Extremely Thin Galaxy](ap101109.html)
2010 November 08: [700 Kilometers Below Comet Hartley 2](ap101108.html)
2010 November 07: [The Center of Centaurus A](ap101107.html)
2010 November 06: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap101106.html)
2010 November 05: [Comet Hartley 2 Flyby](ap101105.html)
2010 November 04: [Night Lights](ap101104.html)
2010 November 03: [The Necklace Nebula](ap101103.html)
2010 November 02: [Spicules: Jets on the Sun](ap101102.html)
2010 November 01: [The Milky Way Over the Peak of the Furnace](ap101101.html)
2010 October 31: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap101031.html)
2010 October 30: [Ghost of the Cepheus Flare](ap101030.html)
2010 October 29: [Star Trails and the Captain's Ghost](ap101029.html)
2010 October 28: [Mirach's Ghost](ap101028.html)
2010 October 27: [Ultraviolet Andromeda](ap101027.html)
2010 October 26: [Comet Hartley Passes a Double Star Cluster](ap101026.html)
2010 October 25: [Water Ice Detected Beneath Moons Surface](ap101025.html)
2010 October 24: [A Bucket Wheel Excavator on Earth](ap101024.html)
2010 October 23: [Orion: Head to Toe](ap101023.html)
2010 October 22: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap101022.html)
2010 October 21: [Methuselah Nebula MWP1](ap101021.html)
2010 October 20: [Venus Just After Sunset](ap101020.html)
2010 October 19: [Prometheus Rising Through Saturns F Ring](ap101019.html)
2010 October 18: [It Came from the Sun](ap101018.html)
2010 October 17: [NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud](ap101017.html)
2010 October 16: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap101016.html)
2010 October 15: [Vista with NGC 2170](ap101015.html)
2010 October 14: [Clusters, Hartley, and the Heart](ap101014.html)
2010 October 13: [Science Museum Hubble](ap101013.html)
2010 October 12: [Saturn: Light, Dark, and Strange](ap101012.html)
2010 October 11: [NGC 2683: Spiral Edge On](ap101011.html)
2010 October 10: [Moonquakes Surprisingly Common](ap101010.html)
2010 October 09: [Globular Star Cluster NGC 6934](ap101009.html)
2010 October 08: [Two Planet Opposition](ap101008.html)
2010 October 07: [Pacman and Hartley](ap101007.html)
2010 October 06: [Aurora Over Alaska](ap101006.html)
2010 October 05: [Horsehead and Orion Nebulas](ap101005.html)
2010 October 04: [Rolling Across the Rocky Plains of Mars](ap101004.html)
2010 October 03: [Io in True Color](ap101003.html)
2010 October 02: [Hubble's Lagoon](ap101002.html)
2010 October 01: [Zarmina's World](ap101001.html)
2010 September 30: [Coreshine from a Dark Cloud](ap100930.html)
2010 September 29: [An Airplane in Front of the Moon](ap100929.html)
2010 September 28: [Venus South Polar Vortex](ap100928.html)
2010 September 27: [The Dancing Auroras of Saturn](ap100927.html)
2010 September 26: [Arp 188 and the Tadpoles Tidal Tail](ap100926.html)
2010 September 25: [Melotte 15 in the Heart](ap100925.html)
2010 September 24: [Equinox and the Harvest Moon](ap100924.html)
2010 September 23: [Equinox and the Iron Sun](ap100923.html)
2010 September 22: [Discovery Rollout Shadow](ap100922.html)
2010 September 21: [Starry Night Over the Rhone](ap100921.html)
2010 September 20: [Aurora Over Norway](ap100920.html)
2010 September 19: [Dark Clouds of the Carina Nebula](ap100919.html)
2010 September 18: [Opposite the Sun](ap100918.html)
2010 September 17: [Northern Lights over Prelude Lake](ap100917.html)
2010 September 16: [The Veil Nebula](ap100916.html)
2010 September 15: [Clouds, Birds, Moon, Venus](ap100915.html)
2010 September 14: [An Extraordinary Spiral from LL Pegasi](ap100914.html)
2010 September 13: [Zodiacal Light Over Namibia](ap100913.html)
2010 September 12: [Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors](ap100912.html)
2010 September 11: [Star Streams and the Sunflower Galaxy](ap100911.html)
2010 September 10: [Vela Supernova Remnant](ap100910.html)
2010 September 09: [Cepheus: Trunk to Bubble](ap100909.html)
2010 September 08: [NGC 4911: Spiral Diving into a Dense Cluster](ap100908.html)
2010 September 07: [Space Shuttle Tribute Poster: Endeavour](ap100907.html)
2010 September 06: [A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center](ap100906.html)
2010 September 05: [GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole](ap100905.html)
2010 September 04: [Young Suns of NGC 7129](ap100904.html)
2010 September 03: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap100903.html)
2010 September 02: [The Bubble Nebula](ap100902.html)
2010 September 01: [Earth and Moon from MESSENGER](ap100901.html)
2010 August 31: [The Annotated Galactic Center](ap100831.html)
2010 August 30: [Comanche Outcrop on Mars Indicates Hospitable Past](ap100830.html)
2010 August 29: [The Local Fluff](ap100829.html)
2010 August 28: [Hole in the Sun](ap100828.html)
2010 August 27: [Brighter Than Mars](ap100827.html)
2010 August 26: [M27: Not a Comet](ap100826.html)
2010 August 25: [HD 10180: Richest Yet Planetary System Discovered](ap100825.html)
2010 August 24: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Magnifies the Dark Universe](ap100824.html)
2010 August 23: [A Milky Way Shadow at Loch Ard Gorge](ap100823.html)
2010 August 22: [Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy](ap100822.html)
2010 August 21: [Perseid Storm](ap100821.html)
2010 August 20: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap100820.html)
2010 August 19: [Pelican Nebula Close Up](ap100819.html)
2010 August 18: [Crescent Moon and Planets Over Portugal](ap100818.html)
2010 August 17: [NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars](ap100817.html)
2010 August 16: [Meteors Over Quebec](ap100816.html)
2010 August 15: [Layered Hills in Arabia Terra on Mars](ap100815.html)
2010 August 14: [Night of the Perseids](ap100814.html)
2010 August 13: [Arp 286: Trio in Virgo](ap100813.html)
2010 August 12: [Perseid Prelude](ap100812.html)
2010 August 11: [Crepuscular Rays Over Lake Michigan](ap100811.html)
2010 August 10: [The Sand Dunes of Titan](ap100810.html)
2010 August 09: [IRAS 05437 2502: An Enigmatic Star Cloud from Hubble](ap100809.html)
2010 August 08: [Two Hours Before Neptune](ap100808.html)
2010 August 07: [Rainbow at Sunset](ap100807.html)
2010 August 06: [The Not So Quiet Sun](ap100806.html)
2010 August 05: [M8: The Lagoon Nebula](ap100805.html)
2010 August 04: [Eclipse Shadow Cone Over Patagonia](ap100804.html)
2010 August 03: [The Planet and the Radio Dish](ap100803.html)
2010 August 02: [Prometheus Creating Saturn Ring Streamers](ap100802.html)
2010 August 01: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap100801.html)
2010 July 31: [Four Planet Sunset](ap100731.html)
2010 July 30: [Eclipse on the Beach](ap100730.html)
2010 July 29: [Sunset, Shadowrise](ap100729.html)
2010 July 28: [The Trifid Nebula is Stars and Dust](ap100728.html)
2010 July 27: [The Milky Way Over Bryce Canyon](ap100727.html)
2010 July 26: [Lutetia: The Largest Asteroid Yet Visited](ap100726.html)
2010 July 25: [Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth](ap100725.html)
2010 July 24: [Diamond Ring and Shadow Bands](ap100724.html)
2010 July 23: [Messier 76](ap100723.html)
2010 July 22: [The Meteor of 1860](ap100722.html)
2010 July 21: [The Crown of the Sun](ap100721.html)
2010 July 20: [Lightning Over Athens](ap100720.html)
2010 July 19: [Dark River Wide Field](ap100719.html)
2010 July 18: [The Antennae Galaxies in Collision](ap100718.html)
2010 July 17: [Galaxies in the River](ap100717.html)
2010 July 16: [Shaping NGC 6188](ap100716.html)
2010 July 15: [Andes Sunset Eclipse](ap100715.html)
2010 July 14: [Easter Island Eclipse](ap100714.html)
2010 July 13: [Mosaic: Welcome to Planet Earth](ap100713.html)
2010 July 12: [Moons Beyond the Rings of Saturn](ap100712.html)
2010 July 11: [Warped Sky: Star Trails Panorama](ap100711.html)
2010 July 10: [Ecliptic New Zealand](ap100710.html)
2010 July 09: [Microwave Milky Way](ap100709.html)
2010 July 08: [Dim World, Dark Nebula](ap100708.html)
2010 July 07: [Concept Plane: Supersonic Green Machine](ap100707.html)
2010 July 06: [HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies](ap100706.html)
2010 July 05: [The Milky Way Over Pulpit Rock](ap100705.html)
2010 July 04: [Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star Confirmed](ap100704.html)
2010 July 03: [A Giant Planet for Beta Pic](ap100703.html)
2010 July 02: [Galaxies on a String](ap100702.html)
2010 July 01: [Above Aurora Australis](ap100701.html)
2010 June 30: [Fast Gas Bullet from Cosmic Blast N49](ap100630.html)
2010 June 29: [Trees, Sky, Galactic Eye](ap100629.html)
2010 June 28: [A Partial Lunar Eclipse](ap100628.html)
2010 June 27: [All the Colors of the Sun](ap100627.html)
2010 June 26: [Young Star Cluster Westerlund 2](ap100626.html)
2010 June 25: [The Starry Night of Alamut](ap100625.html)
2010 June 24: [The Dark Tower in Scorpius](ap100624.html)
2010 June 23: [Sunset from the International Space Station](ap100623.html)
2010 June 22: [Islands of Four Mountains from Above](ap100622.html)
2010 June 21: [Sunrise Solstice at Stonehenge](ap100621.html)
2010 June 20: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap100620.html)
2010 June 19: [Stereo Itokawa](ap100619.html)
2010 June 18: [Star Trails and Tajinastes](ap100618.html)
2010 June 17: [Comet McNaught Passes NGC 1245](ap100617.html)
2010 June 16: [APOD is 15 Years Old Today](ap100616.html)
2010 June 15: [Starry Night Scavenger Hunt](ap100615.html)
2010 June 14: [The Red Rectangle Nebula from Hubble](ap100614.html)
2010 June 13: [Retrograde Mars](ap100613.html)
2010 June 12: [The Medusa Nebula](ap100612.html)
2010 June 11: [Hydrogen in M51](ap100611.html)
2010 June 10: [Regulus and the Red Planet](ap100610.html)
2010 June 09: [Orange Sun Simmering](ap100609.html)
2010 June 08: [Falcon 9 Launches to Orbit](ap100608.html)
2010 June 07: [Comet McNaught Becoming Visible to the Unaided Eye](ap100607.html)
2010 June 06: [Lunokhod: Reflections on a Moon Robot](ap100606.html)
2010 June 05: [Thor's Helmet](ap100605.html)
2010 June 04: [Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275](ap100604.html)
2010 June 03: [Jupiter from the Stratosphere](ap100603.html)
2010 June 02: [A Twisted Meteor Trail Over Tenerife](ap100602.html)
2010 June 01: [WISE: Heart and Soul Nebulas in Infrared](ap100601.html)
2010 May 31: [Moons and Rings Before Saturn](ap100531.html)
2010 May 30: [The Galactic Center in Infrared from 2MASS](ap100530.html)
2010 May 29: [Black Holes in Merging Galaxies](ap100529.html)
2010 May 28: [Atlantis over Rhodes](ap100528.html)
2010 May 27: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap100527.html)
2010 May 26: [Clouds and Stars over Cotopaxi Volcano in Ecuador](ap100526.html)
2010 May 25: [Looking Back Across Mars](ap100525.html)
2010 May 24: [Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field](ap100524.html)
2010 May 23: [Station and Shuttle Transit the Sun](ap100523.html)
2010 May 22: [Dark Filament of the Sun](ap100522.html)
2010 May 21: [Calm, Crescent Moon, and Venus](ap100521.html)
2010 May 20: [M87: Elliptical Galaxy with Jet](ap100520.html)
2010 May 19: [Milky Way Over Ancient Ghost Panel](ap100519.html)
2010 May 18: [Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula](ap100518.html)
2010 May 17: [Panorama of the Whale Galaxy](ap100517.html)
2010 May 16: [Crescent Venus and Moon](ap100516.html)
2010 May 15: [The Elusive Jellyfish Nebula](ap100515.html)
2010 May 14: [Iguacu Starry Night](ap100514.html)
2010 May 13: [The Magnificent Horsehead Nebula](ap100513.html)
2010 May 12: [M72: A Globular Cluster of Stars](ap100512.html)
2010 May 11: [Herschel Crater on Mimas of Saturn](ap100511.html)
2010 May 10: [Large Eruptive Prominence Imaged by SDO](ap100510.html)
2010 May 09: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap100509.html)
2010 May 08: [Atlantis Lift Off](ap100508.html)
2010 May 07: [The Antennae](ap100507.html)
2010 May 06: [Northern and Southern Owls](ap100506.html)
2010 May 05: [The Faces of Mars](ap100505.html)
2010 May 04: [A Hall of Mountain Fogbows](ap100504.html)
2010 May 03: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3190 Almost Sideways](ap100503.html)
2010 May 02: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap100502.html)
2010 May 01: [A Pulsar's Hand](ap100501.html)
2010 April 30: [Mars in a Manger](ap100430.html)
2010 April 29: [Virgo Cluster Galaxy NGC 4731](ap100429.html)
2010 April 28: [Sunset on a Golden Sea](ap100428.html)
2010 April 27: [The Bloop: A Mysterious Sound from the Deep Ocean](ap100427.html)
2010 April 26: [Dust Pillar of the Carina Nebula](ap100426.html)
2010 April 25: [Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula](ap100425.html)
2010 April 24: [NGC 1055: Galaxy in a Box](ap100424.html)
2010 April 23: [SDO: The Extreme Ultraviolet Sun](ap100423.html)
2010 April 22: [Venus, Mercury, and Moon](ap100422.html)
2010 April 21: [Wide Angle: The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap100421.html)
2010 April 20: [Saturn's Moons Dione and Titan from Cassini](ap100420.html)
2010 April 19: [Ash and Lightning Above an Icelandic Volcano](ap100419.html)
2010 April 18: [Large Eruptive Prominence Imaged by STEREO](ap100418.html)
2010 April 17: [Damage to Apollo 13](ap100417.html)
2010 April 16: [Bright Points on the Quiet Sun](ap100416.html)
2010 April 15: [NGC 4651: The Umbrella Galaxy](ap100415.html)
2010 April 14: [A Large Space Station Over Earth](ap100414.html)
2010 April 13: [Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66 from Hubble](ap100413.html)
2010 April 12: [Mercury and Venus Over Paris](ap100412.html)
2010 April 11: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap100411.html)
2010 April 10: [Spitzer's Orion](ap100410.html)
2010 April 09: [Discovery's Dawn](ap100409.html)
2010 April 08: [Discovery's Cloud](ap100408.html)
2010 April 07: [Venus and Mercury in the West](ap100407.html)
2010 April 06: [A Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap100406.html)
2010 April 05: [Prometheus Remastered](ap100405.html)
2010 April 04: [The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon](ap100404.html)
2010 April 03: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap100403.html)
2010 April 02: [Serene Paraselene](ap100402.html)
2010 April 01: [Evidence Mounts for Water on the Moon](ap100401.html)
2010 March 31: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap100331.html)
2010 March 30: [Unusual Starburst Galaxy NGC 1313](ap100330.html)
2010 March 29: [Moonset Over Pleasant Bay](ap100329.html)
2010 March 28: [M16: Pillars of Creation](ap100328.html)
2010 March 27: [Hesiodus Sunrise Ray](ap100327.html)
2010 March 26: [Young Moon and Sister Stars](ap100326.html)
2010 March 25: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap100325.html)
2010 March 24: [Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82](ap100324.html)
2010 March 23: [Reinvigorated Sun and Prominence](ap100323.html)
2010 March 22: [The Nearby Milky Way in Cold Dust](ap100322.html)
2010 March 21: [Equinox Plus 1](ap100321.html)
2010 March 20: [Zodiacal Light Vs. Milky Way](ap100320.html)
2010 March 19: [The Seagull and The Duck](ap100319.html)
2010 March 18: [Fermi Catalogs the Gamma ray Sky](ap100318.html)
2010 March 17: [Phobos from Mars Express](ap100317.html)
2010 March 16: [Detailed View of a Solar Eclipse Corona](ap100316.html)
2010 March 15: [Illuminated Cloud Trails Above Greece](ap100315.html)
2010 March 14: [Binary Black Hole in 3C 75](ap100314.html)
2010 March 13: [Centaurus A](ap100313.html)
2010 March 12: [JWST: Mirrors and Masked Men](ap100312.html)
2010 March 11: [Yukon Aurora with Star Trails](ap100311.html)
2010 March 10: [Saturn's Moon Helene from Cassini](ap100310.html)
2010 March 09: [Galaxies Beyond the Heart: Maffei 1 and 2](ap100309.html)
2010 March 08: [Mars Over the Allalinhorn](ap100308.html)
2010 March 07: [Spirit Rover at Engineering Flats on Mars](ap100307.html)
2010 March 06: [Pillar at Sunset](ap100306.html)
2010 March 05: [Deep Auriga](ap100305.html)
2010 March 04: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge](ap100304.html)
2010 March 03: [The International Space Station from Above](ap100303.html)
2010 March 02: [M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds in Orion](ap100302.html)
2010 March 01: [Slope Streaks in Acheron Fossae on Mars](ap100301.html)
2010 February 28: [Pauli Exclusion Principle: Why You Don't Implode](ap100228.html)
2010 February 27: [Dawn's Endeavour](ap100227.html)
2010 February 26: [Chasing Carina](ap100226.html)
2010 February 25: [Edge-on Spiral Galaxy NGC 891](ap100225.html)
2010 February 24: [Astronaut Installs Panoramic Space Window](ap100224.html)
2010 February 23: [Exceptional Rocket Waves Destroy Sun Dog](ap100223.html)
2010 February 22: [Galaxy Group Hickson 31](ap100222.html)
2010 February 21: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap100221.html)
2010 February 20: [Geostationary Highway](ap100220.html)
2010 February 19: [WISE Infrared Andromeda](ap100219.html)
2010 February 18: [Vesta Near Opposition](ap100218.html)
2010 February 17: [An Unusually Smooth Surface on Saturn's Calypso](ap100217.html)
2010 February 16: [Dark Shuttle Approaching](ap100216.html)
2010 February 15: [Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane](ap100215.html)
2010 February 14: [Field of Rosette](ap100214.html)
2010 February 13: [Waterway to Orbit](ap100213.html)
2010 February 12: [Teide Sky Trails](ap100212.html)
2010 February 11: [Star Cluster M34](ap100211.html)
2010 February 10: [Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning](ap100210.html)
2010 February 09: [Night Launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour](ap100209.html)
2010 February 08: [A Sun Halo Over Cambodia](ap100208.html)
2010 February 07: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap100207.html)
2010 February 06: [Hong Kong Sky](ap100206.html)
2010 February 05: [Dust Storm on Mars](ap100205.html)
2010 February 04: [Stardust in Perseus](ap100204.html)
2010 February 03: [P2010 A2: Unusual Asteroid Tail Implies Powerful Collision](ap100203.html)
2010 February 02: [Mars and a Colorful Lunar Fog Bow](ap100202.html)
2010 February 01: [Shepherd Moon Prometheus from Cassini](ap100201.html)
2010 January 31: [The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript](ap100131.html)
2010 January 30: [Messier 88](ap100130.html)
2010 January 29: [Mars Opposition 2010](ap100129.html)
2010 January 28: [Kemble's Cascade](ap100128.html)
2010 January 27: [Tethys Behind Titan](ap100127.html)
2010 January 26: [Annular Eclipse Over Myanmar](ap100126.html)
2010 January 25: [The Magellanic Stream](ap100125.html)
2010 January 24: [Watch Jupiter Rotate](ap100124.html)
2010 January 23: [Eclipses in the Shade](ap100123.html)
2010 January 22: [Millennium Annular Solar Eclipse](ap100122.html)
2010 January 21: [Dust and the NGC 7771 Group](ap100121.html)
2010 January 20: [The Known Universe](ap100120.html)
2010 January 19: [Dark Sand Cascades on Mars](ap100119.html)
2010 January 18: [Eclipse over the Temple of Poseidon](ap100118.html)
2010 January 17: [Atlantis to Orbit](ap100117.html)
2010 January 16: [New Year Sun Grazer](ap100116.html)
2010 January 15: [Scenes from Two Hemispheres](ap100115.html)
2010 January 14: [M94: A New Perspective](ap100114.html)
2010 January 13: [The Spider and the Fly](ap100113.html)
2010 January 12: [The Flame Nebula in Infrared](ap100112.html)
2010 January 11: [The Astronaut Who Captured a Satellite](ap100111.html)
2010 January 10: [A Spherule from the Earth's Moon](ap100110.html)
2010 January 09: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap100109.html)
2010 January 08: [The Mystery of the Fading Star](ap100108.html)
2010 January 07: [The Tail of the Small Magellanic Cloud](ap100107.html)
2010 January 06: [The Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse](ap100106.html)
2010 January 05: [A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay](ap100105.html)
2010 January 04: [Comet Halley's Nucleus: An Orbiting Iceberg](ap100104.html)
2010 January 03: [A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect](ap100103.html)
2010 January 02: [Blue Moon Eclipse](ap100102.html)
2010 January 01: [Not a Blue Moon](ap100101.html)
2009 December 31: [Dust and the Helix Nebula](ap091231.html)
2009 December 30: [Spitzer's M101](ap091230.html)
2009 December 29: [Rigel and the Witch Head Nebula](ap091229.html)
2009 December 28: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 6217](ap091228.html)
2009 December 27: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap091227.html)
2009 December 26: [M51 Hubble Remix](ap091226.html)
2009 December 25: [A Graceful Arc](ap091225.html)
2009 December 24: [Gamma Cas and Friends](ap091224.html)
2009 December 23: [December Sunrise, Cape Sounion](ap091223.html)
2009 December 22: [Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion](ap091222.html)
2009 December 21: [Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out](ap091221.html)
2009 December 20: [Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma](ap091220.html)
2009 December 19: [Aurora Shimmer, Meteor Flash](ap091219.html)
2009 December 18: [Southern Geminids](ap091218.html)
2009 December 17: [Mojave Desert Fireball](ap091217.html)
2009 December 16: [Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth](ap091216.html)
2009 December 15: [A Fading Moonset Over Hong Kong](ap091215.html)
2009 December 14: [Saturns Hexagon Comes to Light](ap091214.html)
2009 December 13: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap091213.html)
2009 December 12: [Geminid Meteor over Monument Valley](ap091212.html)
2009 December 11: [Messier Craters in Stereo](ap091211.html)
2009 December 10: [The Colors of IC 1795](ap091210.html)
2009 December 09: [HUDF Infrared: Dawn of the Galaxies](ap091209.html)
2009 December 08: [Ice Moon Tethys from Saturn Orbiting Cassini](ap091208.html)
2009 December 07: [The International Space Station Over the Horizon](ap091207.html)
2009 December 06: [The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught](ap091206.html)
2009 December 05: [Himalayan Skyscape](ap091205.html)
2009 December 04: [The Double Cluster](ap091204.html)
2009 December 03: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660](ap091203.html)
2009 December 02: [Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula](ap091202.html)
2009 December 01: [NGC 6992: Filaments of the Veil Nebula](ap091201.html)
2009 November 30: [Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station](ap091130.html)
2009 November 29: [Ancient Layered Hills on Mars](ap091129.html)
2009 November 28: [Annapurna Star Trails](ap091128.html)
2009 November 27: [The Jets of NGC 1097](ap091127.html)
2009 November 26: [M78 Wide Field](ap091126.html)
2009 November 25: [All Sky Milky Way Panorama](ap091125.html)
2009 November 24: [Cassini Flyby Shows Enceladus Venting](ap091124.html)
2009 November 23: [Crescent Earth from the Departing Rosetta Spacecraft](ap091123.html)
2009 November 22: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap091122.html)
2009 November 21: [NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe](ap091121.html)
2009 November 20: [Meteor between the Clouds](ap091120.html)
2009 November 19: [Leonid over Mono Lake](ap091119.html)
2009 November 18: [Water Discovered in Moon Shadow](ap091118.html)
2009 November 17: [Dawn Before Nova](ap091117.html)
2009 November 16: [M83's Center from Refurbished Hubble](ap091116.html)
2009 November 15: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap091115.html)
2009 November 14: [DIA Sunrise](ap091114.html)
2009 November 13: [Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud](ap091113.html)
2009 November 12: [Art and Science in NGC 918](ap091112.html)
2009 November 11: [Great Observatories Explore Galactic Center](ap091111.html)
2009 November 10: [Saturn After Equinox](ap091110.html)
2009 November 09: [NGC 2623: Galaxy Merger from Hubble](ap091109.html)
2009 November 08: [M7: Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap091108.html)
2009 November 07: [Stickney Crater](ap091107.html)
2009 November 06: [Ring Nebula Deep Field](ap091106.html)
2009 November 05: [Halloween's Moon](ap091105.html)
2009 November 04: [Blue Sun Bristling](ap091104.html)
2009 November 03: [Seven Sisters Versus California](ap091103.html)
2009 November 02: [Ares 1 X Rocket Lifts Off](ap091102.html)
2009 November 01: [The Average Color of the Universe](ap091101.html)
2009 October 31: [VdB 152: Reflection Nebula in Cepheus](ap091031.html)
2009 October 30: [The Bubble and M52](ap091030.html)
2009 October 29: [Zodiacal Light Over Laguna Verde](ap091029.html)
2009 October 28: [JKCS041: The Farthest Galaxy Cluster Yet Measured](ap091028.html)
2009 October 27: [Central Cygnus Skyscape](ap091027.html)
2009 October 26: [Galaxy Zoo Catalogs the Universe](ap091026.html)
2009 October 25: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap091025.html)
2009 October 24: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap091024.html)
2009 October 23: [A Galilean Night](ap091023.html)
2009 October 22: [Moon and Planets in the Morning](ap091022.html)
2009 October 21: [Martian Dust Devil Trails](ap091021.html)
2009 October 20: [A Solar Prominence Erupts in STEREO](ap091020.html)
2009 October 19: [Nereus Crater on Mars](ap091019.html)
2009 October 18: [The Star Pillars of Sharpless 171](ap091018.html)
2009 October 17: [Bright Nebulae in M33](ap091017.html)
2009 October 16: [Herschel Views the Milky Way](ap091016.html)
2009 October 15: [Fireball Meteor Over Groningen](ap091015.html)
2009 October 14: [Pleiades and Stardust](ap091014.html)
2009 October 13: [Giant Dust Ring Discovered Around Saturn](ap091013.html)
2009 October 12: [Stars Over Easter Island](ap091012.html)
2009 October 11: [Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh](ap091011.html)
2009 October 10: [LCROSS Centaur Impact Flash](ap091010.html)
2009 October 09: [Starburst Galaxy IC 10](ap091009.html)
2009 October 08: [Target Crater Cabeus](ap091008.html)
2009 October 07: [A Double Ringed Basin on Mercury](ap091007.html)
2009 October 06: [The Lagoon Nebula from GigaGalaxy Zoom](ap091006.html)
2009 October 05: [The International Space Station Over Earth](ap091005.html)
2009 October 04: [The Same Color Illusion](ap091004.html)
2009 October 03: [Old Faithful Moon](ap091003.html)
2009 October 02: [Comet and Orion](ap091002.html)
2009 October 01: [Carina Pillar and Jets](ap091001.html)
2009 September 30: [Saturn at Equinox](ap090930.html)
2009 September 29: [Orion in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap090929.html)
2009 September 28: [Water Discovered on the Moon](ap090928.html)
2009 September 27: [To Fly Free in Space](ap090927.html)
2009 September 26: [Gigagalaxy Zoom: Milky Way](ap090926.html)
2009 September 25: [Gigagalaxy Zoom: Galactic Center](ap090925.html)
2009 September 24: [Equinox Sunset](ap090924.html)
2009 September 23: [CoRoT Satellite Discovers Rocky Planet](ap090923.html)
2009 September 22: [Aurora Over Yellowknife](ap090922.html)
2009 September 21: [Abell 370: Galaxy Cluster Gravitational Lens](ap090921.html)
2009 September 20: [Ganymede Enhanced](ap090920.html)
2009 September 19: [NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group](ap090919.html)
2009 September 18: [Take My Hand](ap090918.html)
2009 September 17: [Ultraviolet Andromeda](ap090917.html)
2009 September 16: [The Tarantula Zone](ap090916.html)
2009 September 15: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap090915.html)
2009 September 14: [The Center of Globular Cluster Omega Centauri](ap090914.html)
2009 September 13: [The Holographic Principle](ap090913.html)
2009 September 12: [Summer Night in Astronomy Town](ap090912.html)
2009 September 11: [Stephan's Quintet](ap090911.html)
2009 September 10: [The Butterfly Nebula from Upgraded Hubble](ap090910.html)
2009 September 09: [Star Trails Over Oregon](ap090909.html)
2009 September 08: [Unexpected Impact on Jupiter](ap090908.html)
2009 September 07: [Jupiter Over the Mediterranean](ap090907.html)
2009 September 06: [CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap090906.html)
2009 September 05: [Supernova Remnant E0102 72](ap090905.html)
2009 September 04: [6 Years of Saturn](ap090904.html)
2009 September 03: [Despina, Moon of Neptune](ap090903.html)
2009 September 02: [Discovery's Rainbow](ap090902.html)
2009 September 01: [Shadows of Saturn at Equinox](ap090901.html)
2009 August 31: [Open Cluster M25](ap090831.html)
2009 August 30: [D. rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts](ap090830.html)
2009 August 29: [NGC 7771 Galaxy Group](ap090829.html)
2009 August 28: [NGC 7822 in Cepheus](ap090828.html)
2009 August 27: [A Dark Sky Over Sequoia National Park](ap090827.html)
2009 August 26: [Classic Orion Nebulae](ap090826.html)
2009 August 25: [Equinox at Saturn](ap090825.html)
2009 August 24: [Morning Glory Clouds Over Australia](ap090824.html)
2009 August 23: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images](ap090823.html)
2009 August 22: [The Gum Nebula](ap090822.html)
2009 August 21: [The Whale and the Hockey Stick](ap090821.html)
2009 August 20: [Eclipse City](ap090820.html)
2009 August 19: [IC 1396 and Surrounding Starfield](ap090819.html)
2009 August 18: [The Milky Way Over the Badlands](ap090818.html)
2009 August 17: [Perseids from Perseus](ap090817.html)
2009 August 16: [A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center](ap090816.html)
2009 August 15: [Meteor by Moonlight](ap090815.html)
2009 August 14: [Shuttle and Meteor](ap090814.html)
2009 August 13: [Block Island Meteorite on Mars](ap090813.html)
2009 August 12: [Irregular Galaxy NGC 55](ap090812.html)
2009 August 11: [Inside Barringer Meteor Crater](ap090811.html)
2009 August 10: [Moonbow and Rainbows Over Patagonia](ap090810.html)
2009 August 09: [Saturn's Iapetus: Painted Moon](ap090809.html)
2009 August 08: [Diamonds in a Cloudy Sky](ap090808.html)
2009 August 07: [The Star Clusters of NGC 1313](ap090807.html)
2009 August 06: [Galaxies in Pegasus](ap090806.html)
2009 August 05: [Betelgeuse Resolved](ap090805.html)
2009 August 04: [A Triple Sunrise Over Gdansk Bay](ap090804.html)
2009 August 03: [T Tauri: A Star is Formed](ap090803.html)
2009 August 02: [Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559](ap090802.html)
2009 August 01: [SN 1006 Supernova Remnant](ap090801.html)
2009 July 31: [Hubble View: Jupiter Impact](ap090731.html)
2009 July 30: [6 Minutes 42 Seconds](ap090730.html)
2009 July 29: [The Milky Way Over Devils Tower](ap090729.html)
2009 July 28: [A Floral Aurora Corona](ap090728.html)
2009 July 27: [NGC 1097: Spiral Galaxy with a Central Eye](ap090727.html)
2009 July 26: [The Big Corona](ap090726.html)
2009 July 25: [The Eagle Rises](ap090725.html)
2009 July 24: [Eclipse over Chongqing, China](ap090724.html)
2009 July 23: [Jupiter's Impact Scar](ap090723.html)
2009 July 22: [The Lagoon Nebula in Gas, Dust, and Stars](ap090722.html)
2009 July 21: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap090721.html)
2009 July 20: [Apollo 11: Onto a New World](ap090720.html)
2009 July 19: [From the Moon to the Earth](ap090719.html)
2009 July 18: [Planets, Great Wall, and Solar Eclipse](ap090718.html)
2009 July 17: [Starburst Galaxy M94](ap090717.html)
2009 July 16: [The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies](ap090716.html)
2009 July 15: [The Chameleon's Dark Nebulae](ap090715.html)
2009 July 14: [Moons and Jupiter](ap090714.html)
2009 July 13: [Erupting Volcano Anak Krakatau](ap090713.html)
2009 July 12: [A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars](ap090712.html)
2009 July 11: [Noctilucent Cloud Storm Panorama](ap090711.html)
2009 July 10: [The Pillars of Eagle Castle](ap090710.html)
2009 July 09: [Fermi's Gamma ray Pulsars](ap090709.html)
2009 July 08: [The Dark River to Antares](ap090708.html)
2009 July 07: [The Trifid Nebula in Stars and Dust](ap090707.html)
2009 July 06: [Unknown Dark Material on Mercury](ap090706.html)
2009 July 05: [Genesis Missions Hard Impact](ap090705.html)
2009 July 04: [Mount Rushmore's Starry Night](ap090704.html)
2009 July 03: [Perihelion and Aphelion](ap090703.html)
2009 July 02: [Lyman Alpha Blob](ap090702.html)
2009 July 01: [Three Galaxies in Draco](ap090701.html)
2009 June 30: [The North America and Pelican Nebulae](ap090630.html)
2009 June 29: [Kaguya Spacecraft Crashes into the Moon](ap090629.html)
2009 June 28: [Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus](ap090628.html)
2009 June 27: [Saharan Starry Night](ap090627.html)
2009 June 26: [Solstice to Solstice Solargraph](ap090626.html)
2009 June 25: [Sarychev Peak Volcano in Stereo](ap090625.html)
2009 June 24: [Noctilucent Clouds Over Germany](ap090624.html)
2009 June 23: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap090623.html)
2009 June 22: [Atlas 5 Rocket Launches to the Moon](ap090622.html)
2009 June 21: [Sunrise over the Parthenon](ap090621.html)
2009 June 20: [Seaside Moon Mirage](ap090620.html)
2009 June 19: [Dunhuang Star Atlas](ap090619.html)
2009 June 18: [NGC 6240: Merging Galaxies](ap090618.html)
2009 June 17: [M13: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars](ap090617.html)
2009 June 16: [Moonrise Over Turkey](ap090616.html)
2009 June 15: [Streaming Dark Nebulas near B44](ap090615.html)
2009 June 14: [Stars at the Galactic Center](ap090614.html)
2009 June 13: [The Milky Road](ap090613.html)
2009 June 12: [SNR 0104: An Unusual Suspect](ap090612.html)
2009 June 11: [Pyrenees Paraselene](ap090611.html)
2009 June 10: [A Dusty Iris Nebula](ap090610.html)
2009 June 09: [Markarian's Chain of Galaxies](ap090609.html)
2009 June 08: [Possible Jet Blown Shells Near Microquasar Cygnus X1](ap090608.html)
2009 June 07: [Asteroid Eros Reconstructed](ap090607.html)
2009 June 06: [One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725](ap090606.html)
2009 June 05: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap090605.html)
2009 June 04: [Sunspots on a Cloudy Day](ap090604.html)
2009 June 03: [VB 10: A Large Planet Orbiting a Small Star](ap090603.html)
2009 June 02: [Spokes Reappear on Saturn's Rings](ap090602.html)
2009 June 01: [Spirit Encounters Soft Ground on Mars](ap090601.html)
2009 May 31: [A Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap090531.html)
2009 May 30: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap090530.html)
2009 May 29: [Messier 106](ap090529.html)
2009 May 28: [Moon in the Mullica](ap090528.html)
2009 May 27: [Volcanic Terrain on Mercury](ap090527.html)
2009 May 26: [Whirlpool Galaxy Deep Field](ap090526.html)
2009 May 25: [Hubble Floats Free](ap090525.html)
2009 May 24: [Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble](ap090524.html)
2009 May 23: [Apollo 12 and Surveyor 3 Stereo View](ap090523.html)
2009 May 22: [East of Antares](ap090522.html)
2009 May 21: [IC 4592: A Blue Horsehead](ap090521.html)
2009 May 20: [Above Earth Fixing Hubble](ap090520.html)
2009 May 19: [Sagittarius and the Central Milky Way](ap090519.html)
2009 May 18: [Moon Rays Over Thurso Castle](ap090518.html)
2009 May 17: [Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater](ap090517.html)
2009 May 16: [Atlantis and Hubble Side by Side](ap090516.html)
2009 May 15: [M97: The Owl Nebula](ap090515.html)
2009 May 14: [Elusive Jellyfish Nebula](ap090514.html)
2009 May 13: [A Space Shuttle Before Dawn](ap090513.html)
2009 May 12: [A Circumhorizontal Arc Over Ohio](ap090512.html)
2009 May 11: [Forty Thousand Meteor Origins Across the Sky](ap090511.html)
2009 May 10: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap090510.html)
2009 May 09: [A Starry Night in Brazil](ap090509.html)
2009 May 08: [Galaxies of the Perseus Cluster](ap090508.html)
2009 May 07: [A Halo for NGC 6164](ap090507.html)
2009 May 06: [A Spring Sky Over Hirsau Abbey](ap090506.html)
2009 May 05: [Titan Beyond the Rings](ap090505.html)
2009 May 04: [Rembrandt Impact Basin on Mercury](ap090504.html)
2009 May 03: [The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble](ap090503.html)
2009 May 02: [The Whale Galaxy](ap090502.html)
2009 May 01: [Lyrid Meteor and Milky Way](ap090501.html)
2009 April 30: [Framed by Clouds](ap090430.html)
2009 April 29: [GRB 090423: The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured](ap090429.html)
2009 April 28: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge](ap090428.html)
2009 April 27: [Prometheus Creating Saturn Ring Streamers](ap090427.html)
2009 April 26: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap090426.html)
2009 April 25: [Dark Markings of the Sky](ap090425.html)
2009 April 24: [Moon and Morning Star](ap090424.html)
2009 April 23: [Sharpless 308](ap090423.html)
2009 April 22: [Sky Panorama Over Lake Salda](ap090422.html)
2009 April 21: [Global Warming Predictions](ap090421.html)
2009 April 20: [Flowing Barchan Sand Dunes on Mars](ap090420.html)
2009 April 19: [The View Near a Black Hole](ap090419.html)
2009 April 18: [NGC 1333 Stardust](ap090418.html)
2009 April 17: [Medieval Astronomy from Melk Abbey](ap090417.html)
2009 April 16: [Castle and Full Moon](ap090416.html)
2009 April 15: [Jagged Shadows May Indicate Saturn Ring Particles](ap090415.html)
2009 April 14: [M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy](ap090414.html)
2009 April 13: [Star Trails over the Canada France Hawaii Telescope](ap090413.html)
2009 April 12: [M39: Open Cluster in Cygnus](ap090412.html)
2009 April 11: [The Big Picture](ap090411.html)
2009 April 10: [ISS and Astronaut](ap090410.html)
2009 April 09: [Venus Near Inferior Conjunction](ap090409.html)
2009 April 08: [Unusual Dusty Galaxy NGC 7049](ap090408.html)
2009 April 07: [The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 274](ap090407.html)
2009 April 06: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap090406.html)
2009 April 05: [Orange Sun Oozing](ap090405.html)
2009 April 04: [Star Party on Planet Earth](ap090404.html)
2009 April 03: [Around the World in 80 Telescopes](ap090403.html)
2009 April 02: [100 Hours of Astronomy Begins](ap090402.html)
2009 April 01: [Astronaut's Head Upgraded During Spacewalk](ap090401.html)
2009 March 31: [In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula](ap090331.html)
2009 March 30: [Possible Mud Volcanoes on Mars](ap090330.html)
2009 March 29: [Signals of a Strange Universe](ap090329.html)
2009 March 28: [Almahata Sitta 15](ap090328.html)
2009 March 27: [The Seagull Nebula](ap090327.html)
2009 March 26: [Stars Young and Old](ap090326.html)
2009 March 25: [Orcus of the Outer Solar System](ap090325.html)
2009 March 24: [Martian Dunes and the Shadow of Opportunity](ap090324.html)
2009 March 23: [The Seahorse of the Large Magellanic Cloud](ap090323.html)
2009 March 22: [Sungrazer](ap090322.html)
2009 March 21: [Fermi's Gamma-Ray Sky](ap090321.html)
2009 March 20: [Sunset at the Portara](ap090320.html)
2009 March 19: [Saturn: Moons in Transit](ap090319.html)
2009 March 18: [GLOBE at Night: Help Track Light Pollution](ap090318.html)
2009 March 17: [Tycho's Supernova Remnant](ap090317.html)
2009 March 16: [Martian Moon Deimos from MRO](ap090316.html)
2009 March 15: [A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap090315.html)
2009 March 14: [Haute-Provence Star Trails](ap090314.html)
2009 March 13: [Hickson Compact Group 90](ap090313.html)
2009 March 12: [Thor's Helmet (NGC 2359) and Planetary Nebula](ap090312.html)
2009 March 11: [Lunar X](ap090311.html)
2009 March 10: [Horsehead and Orion Nebulae](ap090310.html)
2009 March 09: [Kepler's Streak](ap090309.html)
2009 March 08: [Gibbous Europa](ap090308.html)
2009 March 07: [Comet Lulin and Distant Galaxies](ap090307.html)
2009 March 06: [Crescent Moon and Venus](ap090306.html)
2009 March 05: [IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula](ap090305.html)
2009 March 04: [Saturn in View](ap090304.html)
2009 March 03: [The Helix Nebula from La Silla Observatory](ap090303.html)
2009 March 02: [Earthgrazer: The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972](ap090302.html)
2009 March 01: [Omega Centauri: The Largest Globular Cluster Known](ap090301.html)
2009 February 28: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap090228.html)
2009 February 27: [Lulin and Saturn near Opposition](ap090227.html)
2009 February 26: [Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, Mars](ap090226.html)
2009 February 25: [Two Tails of Comet Lulin](ap090225.html)
2009 February 24: [Barnard's Loop around the Horsehead Nebula](ap090224.html)
2009 February 23: [An Etruscan Vase Moon Rising](ap090223.html)
2009 February 22: [Orion Nebula: The Hubble View](ap090222.html)
2009 February 21: [The Swift View of Comet Lulin](ap090221.html)
2009 February 20: [Snake in the Dark](ap090220.html)
2009 February 19: [Mauna Kea Milky Way Panorama](ap090219.html)
2009 February 18: [Satellites Collide in Low Earth Orbit](ap090218.html)
2009 February 17: [Unusual Red Glow Over Minnesota](ap090217.html)
2009 February 16: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap090216.html)
2009 February 15: [Antarctic Ice Shelf Vista](ap090215.html)
2009 February 14: [IC 1805: The Heart Nebula](ap090214.html)
2009 February 13: [Circle 'round the Moon](ap090213.html)
2009 February 12: [Zodiacal Light Vs. Milky Way](ap090212.html)
2009 February 11: [Orion's Belt Continued](ap090211.html)
2009 February 10: [Orion's Belt](ap090210.html)
2009 February 09: [Anemic Galaxy NGC 4921 at the Edge](ap090209.html)
2009 February 08: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap090208.html)
2009 February 07: [Comet Lulin Tails](ap090207.html)
2009 February 06: [Space Station in the Moon](ap090206.html)
2009 February 05: [NGC 604: X-rays from a Giant Stellar Nursery](ap090205.html)
2009 February 04: [A Dangerous Summer on HD 80606b](ap090204.html)
2009 February 03: [Lenticular Clouds Above Washington](ap090203.html)
2009 February 02: [Comet Lulin Approaches](ap090202.html)
2009 February 01: [Auroral Corona Over Norway](ap090201.html)
2009 January 31: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap090131.html)
2009 January 30: [NGC 1579: Trifid of the North](ap090130.html)
2009 January 29: [Eclipse Shirt 2009](ap090129.html)
2009 January 28: [A Partial Eclipse Over Manila Bay](ap090128.html)
2009 January 27: [The Milky Way Over Mauna Kea](ap090127.html)
2009 January 26: [AE Aurigae and the Flaming Star Nebula](ap090126.html)
2009 January 25: [Annular Eclipse: The Ring of Fire](ap090125.html)
2009 January 24: [The Bubble Nebula](ap090124.html)
2009 January 23: [Globular Cluster NGC 2419](ap090123.html)
2009 January 22: [Planetary Nebula NGC 2818](ap090122.html)
2009 January 21: [A Lenticular Cloud Over New Zealand](ap090121.html)
2009 January 20: [Bonestell Panorama from Mars](ap090120.html)
2009 January 19: [Methane Discovered in the Atmosphere of Mars](ap090119.html)
2009 January 18: [Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap090118.html)
2009 January 17: [IC 410 and NGC 1893](ap090117.html)
2009 January 16: [ISS: Reflections of Earth](ap090116.html)
2009 January 15: [Suspension Bridge Solargraph](ap090115.html)
2009 January 14: [NGC 2170: Celestial Still Life](ap090114.html)
2009 January 13: [Largest Full Moon of 2009](ap090113.html)
2009 January 12: [Unusual Light Pillars Over Latvia](ap090112.html)
2009 January 11: [In the Shadow of Saturn](ap090111.html)
2009 January 10: [Martian Sunset](ap090110.html)
2009 January 09: [NGC 4945 in Centaurus](ap090109.html)
2009 January 08: [NGC 2736: The Pencil Nebula](ap090108.html)
2009 January 07: [The Galactic Core in Infrared](ap090107.html)
2009 January 06: [Jupiter Eclipsing Ganymede](ap090106.html)
2009 January 05: [Comet and Meteor](ap090105.html)
2009 January 04: [Breaking Distant Light](ap090104.html)
2009 January 03: [Double Cluster in Perseus](ap090103.html)
2009 January 02: [Alpine Conjunction](ap090102.html)
2009 January 01: [Welcome to the International Year of Astronomy](ap090101.html)
2008 December 31: [The Sky in Motion](ap081231.html)
2008 December 30: [Home from Above](ap081230.html)
2008 December 29: [NGC 1569: Starburst in a Dwarf Irregular Galaxy](ap081229.html)
2008 December 28: [Thackeray's Globules](ap081228.html)
2008 December 27: [Crab Pulsar Wind Nebula](ap081227.html)
2008 December 26: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap081226.html)
2008 December 25: [Fox Fur, a Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap081225.html)
2008 December 24: [Earthrise](ap081224.html)
2008 December 23: [Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger](ap081223.html)
2008 December 22: [Labtayt Sulci on Saturns Enceladus](ap081222.html)
2008 December 21: [Analemma Over the Porch of Maidens](ap081221.html)
2008 December 20: [Solstice at Newgrange](ap081220.html)
2008 December 19: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap081219.html)
2008 December 18: [La Superba](ap081218.html)
2008 December 17: [The Dumbbells](ap081217.html)
2008 December 16: [Orion Dawn Over Mount Nemrut](ap081216.html)
2008 December 15: [A Sun Pillar Over North Carolina](ap081215.html)
2008 December 14: [Zodiacal Light Over New Mexico](ap081214.html)
2008 December 13: [The 60 inch Reflector](ap081213.html)
2008 December 12: [Lick Observatory Moonrise](ap081212.html)
2008 December 11: [At the Center of the Milky Way](ap081211.html)
2008 December 10: [Portrait of NGC 281](ap081210.html)
2008 December 09: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap081209.html)
2008 December 08: [The Dark Doodad Nebula](ap081208.html)
2008 December 07: [A Halo Around the Moon](ap081207.html)
2008 December 06: [Lunar Diamond](ap081206.html)
2008 December 05: [Smile in the Sky](ap081205.html)
2008 December 04: [Venus in the Moon](ap081204.html)
2008 December 03: [A Happy Sky Over Los Angeles](ap081203.html)
2008 December 02: [International Space Station: Find the Astronaut](ap081202.html)
2008 December 01: [Massive Stars Resolved in the Carina Nebula](ap081201.html)
2008 November 30: [An Apollo 15 Panorama: Astronaut Exploring](ap081130.html)
2008 November 29: [Chilean Skyscape](ap081129.html)
2008 November 28: [Probably a Planet for Beta Pic](ap081128.html)
2008 November 27: [Galaxies in the River](ap081127.html)
2008 November 26: [The Horsehead Nebula in Orion](ap081126.html)
2008 November 25: [Fireball Over Edmonton](ap081125.html)
2008 November 24: [Radar Indicates Buried Glaciers on Mars](ap081124.html)
2008 November 23: [In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula](ap081123.html)
2008 November 22: [From Moonrise to Sunset](ap081122.html)
2008 November 21: [M76 Above and Below](ap081121.html)
2008 November 20: [Endeavour in the Moon](ap081120.html)
2008 November 19: [Unusual Auroras Over Saturns North Pole](ap081119.html)
2008 November 18: [Restored: First Image of the Earth from the Moon](ap081118.html)
2008 November 17: [HR 8799: Discovery of a Multi planet Star System](ap081117.html)
2008 November 16: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado](ap081116.html)
2008 November 15: [Arp 273](ap081115.html)
2008 November 14: [Fomalhaut b](ap081114.html)
2008 November 13: [A Bubble in Cygnus](ap081113.html)
2008 November 12: [Phoenix and the Holy Cow](ap081112.html)
2008 November 11: [The Cosmic Web of the Tarantula Nebula](ap081111.html)
2008 November 10: [Our Galaxy's Central Molecular Zone](ap081110.html)
2008 November 09: [Two Black Holes Dancing in 3C 75](ap081109.html)
2008 November 08: [On the Trail of 2008 TC3](ap081108.html)
2008 November 07: [Cygnus Trio](ap081107.html)
2008 November 06: [A Sharper View of a Hazy Giant](ap081106.html)
2008 November 05: [Seventeen Hundred Kilometers Above Enceladus](ap081105.html)
2008 November 04: [The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble](ap081104.html)
2008 November 03: [A Spectacular Rayed Crater on Mercury](ap081103.html)
2008 November 02: [Spicules: Jets on the Sun](ap081102.html)
2008 November 01: [A Spectre in the Eastern Veil](ap081101.html)
2008 October 31: [A Witch by Starlight](ap081031.html)
2008 October 30: [Haunting the Cepheus Flare](ap081030.html)
2008 October 29: [Mirach's Ghost](ap081029.html)
2008 October 28: [The North America Nebula](ap081028.html)
2008 October 27: [Beneath the South Pole of Saturn](ap081027.html)
2008 October 26: [Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24](ap081026.html)
2008 October 25: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap081025.html)
2008 October 24: [Amazing Comet Holmes](ap081024.html)
2008 October 23: [Great Orion Nebulae](ap081023.html)
2008 October 22: [Beautiful Spiral NGC 7331](ap081022.html)
2008 October 21: [A Dark Pulsar in CTA 1](ap081021.html)
2008 October 20: [Moons, Rings, and Unexpected Colors on Saturn](ap081020.html)
2008 October 19: [In the Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap081019.html)
2008 October 18: [Sharpless 171](ap081018.html)
2008 October 17: [An Extraordinary Voyage](ap081017.html)
2008 October 16: [48 Years of Space Flight](ap081016.html)
2008 October 15: [Camera Orion](ap081015.html)
2008 October 14: [An Enceladus Tiger Stripe from Cassini](ap081014.html)
2008 October 13: [Cassini Passes Through Ice Plumes of Enceladus](ap081013.html)
2008 October 12: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3370 from Hubble](ap081012.html)
2008 October 11: [Bright Bolide](ap081011.html)
2008 October 10: [Irregular Galaxy NGC 55](ap081010.html)
2008 October 09: [Massive Stars in NGC 6357](ap081009.html)
2008 October 08: [Mercury as Revealed by MESSENGER](ap081008.html)
2008 October 07: [Dust Mountains in the Carina Nebula](ap081007.html)
2008 October 06: [Layers of Cliffs in Northern Mars](ap081006.html)
2008 October 05: [Earth at Night](ap081005.html)
2008 October 04: [A Solar Prominence Unfurls](ap081004.html)
2008 October 03: [Young Suns of NGC 7129](ap081003.html)
2008 October 02: [NGC 253 Close Up](ap081002.html)
2008 October 01: [The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral](ap081001.html)
2008 September 30: [Planets Ahoy](ap080930.html)
2008 September 29: [A True Image from False Kiva](ap080929.html)
2008 September 28: [Young Stars of NGC 346](ap080928.html)
2008 September 27: [M83: The Thousand Ruby Galaxy](ap080927.html)
2008 September 26: [Moon Rays over Byurakan Observatory](ap080926.html)
2008 September 25: [The Case of the Very Dusty Binary Star](ap080925.html)
2008 September 24: [Active Region 1002 on an Unusually Quiet Sun](ap080924.html)
2008 September 23: [Haumea of the Outer Solar System](ap080923.html)
2008 September 22: [Equinox: The Sun from Solstice to Solstice](ap080922.html)
2008 September 21: [Egging On the Autumnal Equinox](ap080921.html)
2008 September 20: [A Darkened Sky](ap080920.html)
2008 September 19: [Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star](ap080919.html)
2008 September 18: [Exploring the Ring](ap080918.html)
2008 September 17: [MACSJ0025: Two Giant Galaxy Clusters](ap080917.html)
2008 September 16: [W5: Pillars of Star Creation](ap080916.html)
2008 September 15: [SN 1006: A Supernova Ribbon from Hubble](ap080915.html)
2008 September 14: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap080914.html)
2008 September 13: [M33: Triangulum Galaxy](ap080913.html)
2008 September 12: [Planets over Perth](ap080912.html)
2008 September 11: [Mountain Top Meteors](ap080911.html)
2008 September 10: [The Anthe Arc around Saturn](ap080910.html)
2008 September 09: [M110: Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy](ap080909.html)
2008 September 08: [Rosetta Spacecraft Passes Asteroid Steins](ap080908.html)
2008 September 07: [Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica](ap080907.html)
2008 September 06: [A Flock of Stars](ap080906.html)
2008 September 05: [Milky Way Road Trip](ap080905.html)
2008 September 04: [Spokes in the Helix Nebula](ap080904.html)
2008 September 03: [31 Million Miles from Planet Earth](ap080903.html)
2008 September 02: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap080902.html)
2008 September 01: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap080901.html)
2008 August 31: [Eclipse over the Great Wall](ap080831.html)
2008 August 30: [The View from Everest](ap080830.html)
2008 August 29: [Generations of Stars in W5](ap080829.html)
2008 August 28: [Fermi's First Light](ap080828.html)
2008 August 27: [IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula](ap080827.html)
2008 August 26: [47 Tuc: A Great Globular Cluster of Stars](ap080826.html)
2008 August 25: [NGC 7008: The Fetus Nebula](ap080825.html)
2008 August 24: [Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap080824.html)
2008 August 23: [The Matter of the Bullet Cluster](ap080823.html)
2008 August 22: [Active Galaxy NGC 1275](ap080822.html)
2008 August 21: [August Moons](ap080821.html)
2008 August 20: [Earth's Shadow](ap080820.html)
2008 August 19: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap080819.html)
2008 August 18: [Baily's Beads near Solar Eclipse Totality](ap080818.html)
2008 August 17: [Io's Surface: Under Construction](ap080817.html)
2008 August 16: [Perseid over Vancouver](ap080816.html)
2008 August 15: [Facing NGC 6946](ap080815.html)
2008 August 14: [Perseid Trail](ap080814.html)
2008 August 13: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap080813.html)
2008 August 12: [A Mars Panorama from the Phoenix Lander](ap080812.html)
2008 August 11: [Black Hole Candidate Cygnus X-1](ap080811.html)
2008 August 10: [The Eagle Rises](ap080810.html)
2008 August 09: [Aurora Persei](ap080809.html)
2008 August 08: [The Crown of the Sun](ap080808.html)
2008 August 07: [At the Sun's Edge](ap080807.html)
2008 August 06: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap080806.html)
2008 August 05: [A Total Solar Eclipse Over China](ap080805.html)
2008 August 04: [X-Rays from the Cat's Eye Nebula](ap080804.html)
2008 August 03: [Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box](ap080803.html)
2008 August 02: [Eclipse Shirt](ap080802.html)
2008 August 01: [Moon Games](ap080801.html)
2008 July 31: [Galaxies on a String](ap080731.html)
2008 July 30: [The International Space Station Transits the Sun](ap080730.html)
2008 July 29: [The Milky Way Over Ontario](ap080729.html)
2008 July 28: [SDSSJ1430: A Galaxy Einstein Ring](ap080728.html)
2008 July 27: [IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula](ap080727.html)
2008 July 26: [Central IC 1805](ap080726.html)
2008 July 25: [Spitzer's M101](ap080725.html)
2008 July 24: [When Storms Collide](ap080724.html)
2008 July 23: [High Cliffs Surrounding Echus Chasma on Mars](ap080723.html)
2008 July 22: [Happy People Dancing on Planet Earth](ap080722.html)
2008 July 21: [The Colliding Spiral Galaxies of Arp 271](ap080721.html)
2008 July 20: [Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn](ap080720.html)
2008 July 19: [M16 and the Eagle Nebula](ap080719.html)
2008 July 18: [Jupiter over Ephesus](ap080718.html)
2008 July 17: [Extra Galaxies](ap080717.html)
2008 July 16: [Makemake of the Outer Solar System](ap080716.html)
2008 July 15: [Gas and Dust of the Lagoon Nebula](ap080715.html)
2008 July 14: [Changes in Angular Mars](ap080714.html)
2008 July 13: [A Dark Sky Over Death Valley](ap080713.html)
2008 July 12: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap080712.html)
2008 July 11: [The Far 3kpc Arm](ap080711.html)
2008 July 10: [Enhanced Color Caloris](ap080710.html)
2008 July 09: [Planets and Fire by Moonlight](ap080709.html)
2008 July 08: [In the Heart of the Virgo Cluster](ap080708.html)
2008 July 07: [The Southern Cross in a Southern Sky](ap080707.html)
2008 July 06: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap080706.html)
2008 July 05: [Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning](ap080705.html)
2008 July 04: [SN 1006 Supernova Remnant](ap080704.html)
2008 July 03: [Hoodoo Sky](ap080703.html)
2008 July 02: [Night Shinings](ap080702.html)
2008 July 01: [Pickering's Triangle from Kitt Peak](ap080701.html)
2008 June 30: [In the Center of the Trifid Nebula](ap080630.html)
2008 June 29: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap080629.html)
2008 June 28: [Fireball at Ayers Rock](ap080628.html)
2008 June 27: [M81: Feeding a Black Hole](ap080627.html)
2008 June 26: [M27: Not A Comet](ap080626.html)
2008 June 25: [What is Hanny's Voorwerp?](ap080625.html)
2008 June 24: [Ithaca Chasma: The Great Rift on Saturn's Tethys](ap080624.html)
2008 June 23: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap080623.html)
2008 June 22: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap080622.html)
2008 June 21: [Vanishing Act](ap080621.html)
2008 June 20: [Solstice Moonrise, Cape Sounion](ap080620.html)
2008 June 19: [The Star Streams of NGC 5907](ap080619.html)
2008 June 18: [Pyramid Ice Crystal Halos Over Finland](ap080618.html)
2008 June 17: [Eta Carinae and the Homunculus Nebula](ap080617.html)
2008 June 16: [Inside the Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap080616.html)
2008 June 15: [Phoenix Digs for Clues on Mars](ap080615.html)
2008 June 14: [M51 Hubble Remix](ap080614.html)
2008 June 13: [At Last GLAST](ap080613.html)
2008 June 12: [Phoenix and the Snow Queen](ap080612.html)
2008 June 11: [Dextre Robot at Work on the Space Station](ap080611.html)
2008 June 10: [A Fire Rainbow Over New Jersey](ap080610.html)
2008 June 09: [Saturn's Rings from the Other Side](ap080609.html)
2008 June 08: [Mars Soil Sample Ready to Analyze](ap080608.html)
2008 June 07: [June's Young Crescent Moon](ap080607.html)
2008 June 06: [Two-Armed Spiral Milky Way](ap080606.html)
2008 June 05: [Spitzer's Milky Way](ap080605.html)
2008 June 04: [Chasing the ISS](ap080604.html)
2008 June 03: [The Dark River to Antares](ap080603.html)
2008 June 02: [Unusual Light Patch Under Phoenix Lander on Mars](ap080602.html)
2008 June 01: [A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence](ap080601.html)
2008 May 31: [A View to the Sunset](ap080531.html)
2008 May 30: [Descent of the Phoenix](ap080530.html)
2008 May 29: [A Fog Bow Over Ocean Beach](ap080529.html)
2008 May 28: [Dark Clouds of the Carina Nebula](ap080528.html)
2008 May 27: [Phoenix at Mars](ap080527.html)
2008 May 26: [A New Horizon for Phoenix](ap080526.html)
2008 May 25: [Phoenix Lander Arrives at Mars](ap080525.html)
2008 May 24: [Space Station in the Sun](ap080524.html)
2008 May 23: [Jupiter's Three Red Spots](ap080523.html)
2008 May 22: [Windblown NGC 3199](ap080522.html)
2008 May 21: [A Dangerous Sunrise on Gliese 876d](ap080521.html)
2008 May 20: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap080520.html)
2008 May 19: [Flying Over the Columbia Hills of Mars](ap080519.html)
2008 May 18: [On the Origin of Gold](ap080518.html)
2008 May 17: [Logarithmic Spirals](ap080517.html)
2008 May 16: [Circles in the Sky](ap080516.html)
2008 May 15: [Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628](ap080515.html)
2008 May 14: [A Supply Ship Docks with the International Space Station](ap080514.html)
2008 May 13: [Ancient Craters of Southern Rhea](ap080513.html)
2008 May 12: [The M81 Galaxy Group Through the Integrated Flux](ap080512.html)
2008 May 11: [Retrograde Mars](ap080511.html)
2008 May 10: [Stars and Mars](ap080510.html)
2008 May 09: [Moon Meets Mercury](ap080509.html)
2008 May 08: [The Dark Tower in Scorpius](ap080508.html)
2008 May 07: [The Gegenschein Over Chile](ap080507.html)
2008 May 06: [Galaxies Collide in NGC 3256](ap080506.html)
2008 May 05: [A Persistent Electrical Storm on Saturn](ap080505.html)
2008 May 04: [An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse](ap080504.html)
2008 May 03: [Alborz Mountain Milky Way](ap080503.html)
2008 May 02: [Shaping NGC 6188](ap080502.html)
2008 May 01: [The Giants of Omega Centauri](ap080501.html)
2008 April 30: [Arp 272](ap080430.html)
2008 April 29: [Airplane Flight Patterns over the USA](ap080429.html)
2008 April 28: [Star Forming Region NGC 3582](ap080428.html)
2008 April 27: [The Galactic Center Radio Arc](ap080427.html)
2008 April 26: [The Tarantula Zone](ap080426.html)
2008 April 25: [M86 in the Virgo Cluster](ap080425.html)
2008 April 24: [Cygnus Without Stars](ap080424.html)
2008 April 23: [Above the Clouds](ap080423.html)
2008 April 22: [The Fox Fur Nebula from CFHT](ap080422.html)
2008 April 21: [Bacteriophages: The Most Common Life Like Form on Earth](ap080421.html)
2008 April 20: [Spiral Galaxies in Collision](ap080420.html)
2008 April 19: [Running Messier's Marathon](ap080419.html)
2008 April 18: [IC 2948: The Running Chicken Nebula](ap080418.html)
2008 April 17: [Messier 63: The Sunflower Galaxy](ap080417.html)
2008 April 16: [A Protected Night Sky Over Flagstaff](ap080416.html)
2008 April 15: [Sky Delights Over Sweden](ap080415.html)
2008 April 14: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap080414.html)
2008 April 13: [Curious Cometary Knots in the Helix Nebula](ap080413.html)
2008 April 12: [Yuri's Planet](ap080412.html)
2008 April 11: [At first he couldn't see the Moon](ap080411.html)
2008 April 10: [Stickney Crater](ap080410.html)
2008 April 09: [A Large Magellanic Cloud Deep Field](ap080409.html)
2008 April 08: [Southern Orion: From Belt to Witch](ap080408.html)
2008 April 07: [Mysterious White Rock Fingers on Mars](ap080407.html)
2008 April 06: [Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula](ap080406.html)
2008 April 05: [Jules Verne in Orbit](ap080405.html)
2008 April 04: [Layers in Aureum Chaos](ap080404.html)
2008 April 03: [South of Orion](ap080403.html)
2008 April 02: [Globular Cluster M55 from CFHT](ap080402.html)
2008 April 01: [New Space Station Robot Asks to be Called Dextre the Magnificent](ap080401.html)
2008 March 31: [Close Up of Enceladus Tiger Stripes](ap080331.html)
2008 March 30: [Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe](ap080330.html)
2008 March 29: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2841](ap080329.html)
2008 March 28: [Across the Universe](ap080328.html)
2008 March 27: [The N44 Complex](ap080327.html)
2008 March 26: [The NGC 3576 Nebula](ap080326.html)
2008 March 25: [Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82](ap080325.html)
2008 March 24: [Saturn and Titan from Cassini](ap080324.html)
2008 March 23: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap080323.html)
2008 March 22: [Cat's Eye Hubble Remix](ap080322.html)
2008 March 21: [Where is HD 189733?](ap080321.html)
2008 March 20: [Sunset: Planet Earth](ap080320.html)
2008 March 19: [Mercury in Accentuated Color](ap080319.html)
2008 March 18: [M78 and Reflecting Dust Clouds in Orion](ap080318.html)
2008 March 17: [Thirty Thousand Kilometers Above Enceladus](ap080317.html)
2008 March 16: [Endeavour to Orbit](ap080316.html)
2008 March 15: [Moon over Byzantium](ap080315.html)
2008 March 14: [Endeavour into the Night](ap080314.html)
2008 March 13: [Sculpting the South Pillar](ap080313.html)
2008 March 12: [Star Forming Region LH 95](ap080312.html)
2008 March 11: [An Avalanche on Mars](ap080311.html)
2008 March 10: [Planets Align Over Australian Radio Telescope Array](ap080310.html)
2008 March 09: [CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap080309.html)
2008 March 08: [M104 Hubble Remix](ap080308.html)
2008 March 07: [Comet over California](ap080307.html)
2008 March 06: [Vela Supernova Remnant](ap080306.html)
2008 March 05: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap080305.html)
2008 March 04: [NGC 6334: The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap080304.html)
2008 March 03: [Sand Dunes Thawing on Mars](ap080303.html)
2008 March 02: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap080302.html)
2008 March 01: [Mauna Kea Shadow Play](ap080301.html)
2008 February 29: [Twelve Lunar Eclipses](ap080229.html)
2008 February 28: [ISS: Sunlight to Shadow](ap080228.html)
2008 February 27: [The Eagle Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur](ap080227.html)
2008 February 26: [Mysterious Acid Haze on Venus](ap080226.html)
2008 February 25: [Dawn of the Large Hadron Collider](ap080225.html)
2008 February 24: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap080224.html)
2008 February 23: [Stereo Space Station](ap080223.html)
2008 February 22: [Eclipsed Moonlight](ap080222.html)
2008 February 21: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap080221.html)
2008 February 20: [Moon Slide Slim](ap080220.html)
2008 February 19: [Columbus Laboratory Installed on Space Station](ap080219.html)
2008 February 18: [BLG 109: A Distant Version of our own Solar System](ap080218.html)
2008 February 17: [M1: The Crab Nebula from Hubble](ap080217.html)
2008 February 16: [Large Binocular Telescope](ap080216.html)
2008 February 15: [Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud](ap080215.html)
2008 February 14: [Long Stem Rosette](ap080214.html)
2008 February 13: [Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1132](ap080213.html)
2008 February 12: [Echoes from RS Pup](ap080212.html)
2008 February 11: [Saturn's Moon Epimetheus from the Cassini Spacecraft](ap080211.html)
2008 February 10: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap080210.html)
2008 February 09: [Atlantis on Pad 39A](ap080209.html)
2008 February 08: [The Bay of Rainbows](ap080208.html)
2008 February 07: [NGC 4013 and the Tidal Stream](ap080207.html)
2008 February 06: [Sunspot in the Old Solar Cycle](ap080206.html)
2008 February 05: [Three Month Composite of Comet Holmes](ap080205.html)
2008 February 04: [A Spider Shaped Crater on Mercury](ap080204.html)
2008 February 03: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap080203.html)
2008 February 02: [Venus and Jupiter in Morning Skies](ap080202.html)
2008 February 01: [The First Explorer](ap080201.html)
2008 January 31: [Young Star Cluster Westerlund 2](ap080131.html)
2008 January 30: [Asteroid 2007 TU24 Passes the Earth](ap080130.html)
2008 January 29: [West Valley Panorama from the Spirit Rover on Mars](ap080129.html)
2008 January 28: [A Solar Eclipse Painting from the 1700s](ap080128.html)
2008 January 27: [Mercury on the Horizon](ap080127.html)
2008 January 26: [Crescent Mercury in Color](ap080126.html)
2008 January 25: [Winter Night at Pic du Midi](ap080125.html)
2008 January 24: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap080124.html)
2008 January 23: [Orbiting Astronaut Reflects Earth](ap080123.html)
2008 January 22: [Shelf Cloud Over Saskatchewan](ap080122.html)
2008 January 21: [Mercury's Horizon from MESSENGER](ap080121.html)
2008 January 20: [Comet McNaught Over Chile](ap080120.html)
2008 January 19: [Starry Night Castle](ap080119.html)
2008 January 18: [Supernova Factory NGC 2770](ap080118.html)
2008 January 17: [Thor's Emerald Helmet](ap080117.html)
2008 January 16: [MESSENGER Passes Mercury](ap080116.html)
2008 January 15: [Double Supernova Remnants DEM L316](ap080115.html)
2008 January 14: [The Cocoon Nebula from CFHT](ap080114.html)
2008 January 13: [Hurricane Ivan from the Space Station](ap080113.html)
2008 January 12: [Mercury Chases the Sunset](ap080112.html)
2008 January 11: [Polaris Dust Nebula](ap080111.html)
2008 January 10: [Active Galaxy Centaurus A](ap080110.html)
2008 January 09: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342 from Kitt Peak](ap080109.html)
2008 January 08: [A Jupiter-Io Montage from New Horizons](ap080108.html)
2008 January 07: [Quadrantid Meteors and Aurora from the Air](ap080107.html)
2008 January 06: [Jupiter's Rings Revealed](ap080106.html)
2008 January 05: [M51: Cosmic Whirlpool](ap080105.html)
2008 January 04: [The Milky Way at 5000 Meters](ap080104.html)
2008 January 03: [Geminids in 2007](ap080103.html)
2008 January 02: [A Galaxy is not a Comet](ap080102.html)
2008 January 01: [Rays from an Unexpected Aurora](ap080101.html)
2007 December 31: [A Year of Spectacular Comets](ap071231.html)
2007 December 30: [Mammatus Clouds Over Mexico](ap071230.html)
2007 December 29: [Saturn's Infrared Glow](ap071229.html)
2007 December 28: [A Beautiful Boomerang Nebula](ap071228.html)
2007 December 27: [Earth at Twilight](ap071227.html)
2007 December 26: [Trifid Pillars and Jets](ap071226.html)
2007 December 25: [Mars and Orion Over Monument Valley](ap071225.html)
2007 December 24: [Emission Nebula IC 1396](ap071224.html)
2007 December 23: [Moon and Mars Tonight](ap071223.html)
2007 December 22: [Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky](ap071222.html)
2007 December 21: [Horizon to Horizon](ap071221.html)
2007 December 20: [Reflections on the 1970s](ap071220.html)
2007 December 19: [Stars and Dust through Baade's Window](ap071219.html)
2007 December 18: [Unusual Silica Rich Soil Discovered on Mars](ap071218.html)
2007 December 17: [Saturn's Ancient Rings](ap071217.html)
2007 December 16: [The Holographic Principle](ap071216.html)
2007 December 15: [Mountains of Creation](ap071215.html)
2007 December 14: [Apollo 17: Shorty Crater Panorama](ap071214.html)
2007 December 13: [T Tauri and Hind's Variable Nebula](ap071213.html)
2007 December 12: [Mars Rover Races to Survive](ap071212.html)
2007 December 11: [The Universe Nearby](ap071211.html)
2007 December 10: [A Jet from the Sun](ap071210.html)
2007 December 09: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap071209.html)
2007 December 08: [Star Trails at Dawn](ap071208.html)
2007 December 07: [Double Cluster in Perseus](ap071207.html)
2007 December 06: [Mars in View](ap071206.html)
2007 December 05: [Comet Holmes Over Hungary](ap071205.html)
2007 December 04: [Movie: Analemma Over New Jersey](ap071204.html)
2007 December 03: [A Complete Solar Cycle from SOHO](ap071203.html)
2007 December 02: [Gibbous Europa](ap071202.html)
2007 December 01: [M74: The Perfect Spiral](ap071201.html)
2007 November 30: [Aristarchus Plateau](ap071130.html)
2007 November 29: [Stardust in Perseus](ap071129.html)
2007 November 28: [Comet Holmes from the Hubble Space Telescope](ap071128.html)
2007 November 27: [Space Station Over the Ionian Sea](ap071127.html)
2007 November 26: [Moon Over Pigeon Point Lighthouse](ap071126.html)
2007 November 25: [An Iridescent Cloud Over Colorado](ap071125.html)
2007 November 24: [Galaxies in Pegasus](ap071124.html)
2007 November 23: [The Medusa Nebula](ap071123.html)
2007 November 22: [Pleiades and Stardust](ap071122.html)
2007 November 21: [Expansive Comet Holmes](ap071121.html)
2007 November 20: [Earthrise from Moon-Orbiting Kaguya](ap071120.html)
2007 November 19: [Aurora in the Distance](ap071119.html)
2007 November 18: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap071118.html)
2007 November 17: [Forest and Sky](ap071117.html)
2007 November 16: [Rocket Fuel](ap071116.html)
2007 November 15: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap071115.html)
2007 November 14: [Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event](ap071114.html)
2007 November 13: [The Inner Coma of Comet Holmes](ap071113.html)
2007 November 12: [Cosmic Rays from Galactic Centers](ap071112.html)
2007 November 11: [NGC 6888: The Crescent Nebula](ap071111.html)
2007 November 10: [A Tale of Comet Holmes](ap071110.html)
2007 November 09: [Skyscape with Comet Holmes](ap071109.html)
2007 November 08: [VERITAS and Venus](ap071108.html)
2007 November 07: [The Sloan Great Wall: Largest Known Structure](ap071107.html)
2007 November 06: [An X Class Flare Region on the Sun](ap071106.html)
2007 November 05: [Comet Holmes Grows a Tail](ap071105.html)
2007 November 04: [The Closest Galaxy: Canis Major Dwarf](ap071104.html)
2007 November 03: [Golden Comet Holmes](ap071103.html)
2007 November 02: [Three Nebulae in Narrow Band](ap071102.html)
2007 November 01: [Peculiar Arp 87](ap071101.html)
2007 October 31: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap071031.html)
2007 October 30: [Comet Holmes' Coma Expands](ap071030.html)
2007 October 29: [A Telescopic View of Erupting Comet Holmes](ap071029.html)
2007 October 28: [Noctilucent Clouds Over Sweden](ap071028.html)
2007 October 27: [The Great Carina Nebula](ap071027.html)
2007 October 26: [Comet Holmes in Outburst](ap071026.html)
2007 October 25: [Apogee Moon, Perigee Moon](ap071025.html)
2007 October 24: [Ring Scan](ap071024.html)
2007 October 23: [Crescent Saturn](ap071023.html)
2007 October 22: [Victoria Crater on Mars](ap071022.html)
2007 October 21: [Will the Universe End in a Big Rip?](ap071021.html)
2007 October 20: [The Milky Road](ap071020.html)
2007 October 19: [IC 5067 in the Pelican Nebula](ap071019.html)
2007 October 18: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap071018.html)
2007 October 17: [I Zwicky 18: The Case of the Aging Galaxy](ap071017.html)
2007 October 16: [SN 2005ap: The Brightest Supernova Yet Found](ap071016.html)
2007 October 15: [Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons](ap071015.html)
2007 October 14: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap071014.html)
2007 October 13: [Enceladus Ice Geysers](ap071013.html)
2007 October 12: [The Whale and the Hockey Stick](ap071012.html)
2007 October 11: [Bright Planets, Crescent Moon](ap071011.html)
2007 October 10: [The Strange Trailing Side of Saturn's Iapetus](ap071010.html)
2007 October 09: [Aurora, Stars, Meteor, Lake, Alaska](ap071009.html)
2007 October 08: [Galaxy NGC 474: Cosmic Blender](ap071008.html)
2007 October 07: [Two Million Galaxies](ap071007.html)
2007 October 06: [X-Ray Stars of Orion](ap071006.html)
2007 October 05: [Starburst Cluster in NGC 3603](ap071005.html)
2007 October 04: [50th Anniversary of Sputnik: Traveling Companion](ap071004.html)
2007 October 03: [Comet Encke's Tail Ripped off](ap071003.html)
2007 October 02: [Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma](ap071002.html)
2007 October 01: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap071001.html)
2007 September 30: [A Milky Way Band](ap070930.html)
2007 September 29: [Dawn Launch Mosaic](ap070929.html)
2007 September 28: [A Hole in Mars Close Up](ap070928.html)
2007 September 27: [Hole in the Sun](ap070927.html)
2007 September 26: [Saguaro Moon](ap070926.html)
2007 September 25: [Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn](ap070925.html)
2007 September 24: [A Galactic Star Forming Region in Infrared](ap070924.html)
2007 September 23: [The Equal Night](ap070923.html)
2007 September 22: [Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years](ap070922.html)
2007 September 21: [Coronet in the Southern Crown](ap070921.html)
2007 September 20: [Northern Cygnus](ap070920.html)
2007 September 19: [4,000 Kilometers Above Iapetus](ap070919.html)
2007 September 18: [Tungurahua Erupts](ap070918.html)
2007 September 17: [Inside Victoria Crater](ap070917.html)
2007 September 16: [To Fly Free in Space](ap070916.html)
2007 September 15: [Iapetus: 3D Equatorial Ridge](ap070915.html)
2007 September 14: [Iapetus in Black and White](ap070914.html)
2007 September 13: [NGC 7129 and NGC 7142](ap070913.html)
2007 September 12: [Six Rainbows Across Norway](ap070912.html)
2007 September 11: [A Scorpius Sky Spectacular](ap070911.html)
2007 September 10: [Building Galaxies in the Early Universe](ap070910.html)
2007 September 09: [The Great Basin on Saturn's Tethys](ap070909.html)
2007 September 08: [The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle](ap070908.html)
2007 September 07: [South Pole Lunar Eclipse](ap070907.html)
2007 September 06: [Time Tunnel](ap070906.html)
2007 September 05: [Aurigids from 47,000 Feet](ap070905.html)
2007 September 04: [A Path Into Victoria Crater](ap070904.html)
2007 September 03: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap070903.html)
2007 September 02: [Lunation](ap070902.html)
2007 September 01: [Kalamalka Lake Eclipse](ap070901.html)
2007 August 31: [Stars Forming in Serpens](ap070831.html)
2007 August 30: [Dark Lunar Eclipse](ap070830.html)
2007 August 29: [Gigantic Jets Over Oklahoma](ap070829.html)
2007 August 28: [Could Hydrogen Peroxide Life Survive on Mars](ap070828.html)
2007 August 27: [Huge Void Implicated in Distant Universe](ap070827.html)
2007 August 26: [A Total Lunar Eclipse Over North Carolina](ap070826.html)
2007 August 25: [Just Passing Through](ap070825.html)
2007 August 24: [Astronomer's Moon](ap070824.html)
2007 August 23: [Southern Moonscape](ap070823.html)
2007 August 22: [Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula](ap070822.html)
2007 August 21: [A Red Dome Under the Big Dipper](ap070821.html)
2007 August 20: [Cluster Crash Illuminates Dark Matter Conundrum](ap070820.html)
2007 August 19: [A Sonic Boom](ap070819.html)
2007 August 18: [ISS Over Mont-Megantic Observatory](ap070818.html)
2007 August 17: [The Tail of a Wonderful Star](ap070817.html)
2007 August 16: [Moonless Perseid Sky](ap070816.html)
2007 August 15: [Mysterious Streaks Over Turkey](ap070815.html)
2007 August 14: [A Spectacular Sky Over the Grand Tetons](ap070814.html)
2007 August 13: [The Trifid Nebula in Stars and Dust](ap070813.html)
2007 August 12: [Raining Perseids](ap070812.html)
2007 August 11: [Cosmic Tornado HH 49 50](ap070811.html)
2007 August 10: [Star Factory Messier 17](ap070810.html)
2007 August 09: [Star Cluster Messier 67](ap070809.html)
2007 August 08: [Phoenix Rises Toward Mars](ap070808.html)
2007 August 07: [Old Faithful Below a Yellowstone Sky](ap070807.html)
2007 August 06: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap070806.html)
2007 August 05: [The Dotted Dunes of Mars](ap070805.html)
2007 August 04: [Sagittarius Triplet](ap070804.html)
2007 August 03: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap070803.html)
2007 August 02: [M64: The Black Eye Galaxy](ap070802.html)
2007 August 01: [Unusual Cratering on Saturns Dione](ap070801.html)
2007 July 31: [A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center](ap070731.html)
2007 July 30: [The Four Suns of HD 98800](ap070730.html)
2007 July 29: [The Center of Centaurus A](ap070729.html)
2007 July 28: [Full Moondark](ap070728.html)
2007 July 27: [The Tidal Tail of NGC 3628](ap070727.html)
2007 July 26: [Hot Stars in the Rosette Nebula](ap070726.html)
2007 July 25: [Global Dust Storms Threaten Mars Rovers](ap070725.html)
2007 July 24: [Spiral Galaxy M83: The Southern Pinwheel](ap070724.html)
2007 July 23: [Verona Rupes: Tallest Known Cliff in the Solar System](ap070723.html)
2007 July 22: [The Flight Of Helios](ap070722.html)
2007 July 21: [Infrared Andromeda](ap070721.html)
2007 July 20: [Apollo 11: East Crater Panorama](ap070720.html)
2007 July 19: [The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies](ap070719.html)
2007 July 18: [Planets over Pony Express Lake](ap070718.html)
2007 July 17: [The Same Color Illusion](ap070717.html)
2007 July 16: [The Lagoon Nebula in Gas, Dust,
and Stars](ap070716.html)
2007 July 15: [Aurora from Space](ap070715.html)
2007 July 14: [RCW 79: Stars in a Bubble](ap070714.html)
2007 July 13: [Manhattanhenge: A New York Sunset](ap070713.html)
2007 July 12: [NGC 6384: Beyond the Stars](ap070712.html)
2007 July 11: [Constellations and Cloudy Skies](ap070711.html)
2007 July 10: [NGC 4449: Close-Up of a Small Galaxy](ap070710.html)
2007 July 09: [The Most Distant Sun](ap070709.html)
2007 July 08: [Shuttle Ferry](ap070708.html)
2007 July 07: [Infrared Trifid](ap070707.html)
2007 July 06: [Bright Galaxy NGC 2903](ap070706.html)
2007 July 05: [Night Shining Clouds](ap070705.html)
2007 July 04: [Red, White, and Blue Sky](ap070704.html)
2007 July 03: [At the Edge of Victoria Crater](ap070703.html)
2007 July 02: [Zooming in to the Pelican Nebula](ap070702.html)
2007 July 01: [Steep Cliffs on Mars](ap070701.html)
2007 June 30: [Jumbled Galaxy Centaurus A](ap070630.html)
2007 June 29: [Cat's Eye Wide and Deep](ap070629.html)
2007 June 28: [A Visit from Atlantis](ap070628.html)
2007 June 27: [Neon Saturn](ap070627.html)
2007 June 26: [Wisps of the Iris Nebula](ap070626.html)
2007 June 25: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap070625.html)
2007 June 24: [All the Colors of the Sun](ap070624.html)
2007 June 23: [3D Barringer Meteorite Crater](ap070623.html)
2007 June 22: [Small Worlds Ceres and Vesta](ap070622.html)
2007 June 21: [Stars and the Solstice Sun](ap070621.html)
2007 June 20: [A Daylight Eclipse of Venus](ap070620.html)
2007 June 19: [Eris: More Massive than Pluto](ap070619.html)
2007 June 18: [Monitoring M2-9](ap070618.html)
2007 June 17: [Analemma over Ukraine](ap070617.html)
2007 June 16: [Lunar Orbiter Views Crater Copernicus](ap070616.html)
2007 June 15: [Messier 96](ap070615.html)
2007 June 14: [vdB 152: Reflection Nebula in Cepheus](ap070614.html)
2007 June 13: [Warped Sky: Star Trails Panorama](ap070613.html)
2007 June 12: [Shuttle Plume](ap070612.html)
2007 June 11: [The Merope Reflection Nebula](ap070611.html)
2007 June 10: [Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth](ap070610.html)
2007 June 09: [Globular Star Cluster M3](ap070609.html)
2007 June 08: [Markarian's Eyes](ap070608.html)
2007 June 07: [Great Mountain Moonrise](ap070607.html)
2007 June 06: [Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula](ap070606.html)
2007 June 05: [Jet Approaching a Crescent Moon](ap070605.html)
2007 June 04: [IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius](ap070604.html)
2007 June 03: [Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to Moon](ap070603.html)
2007 June 02: [3D Full Moon](ap070602.html)
2007 June 01: [Messier 65](ap070601.html)
2007 May 31: [Dwarf Galaxies in the Coma Cluster](ap070531.html)
2007 May 30: [Liquid Sea on Saturn's Titan](ap070530.html)
2007 May 29: [Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 from Hubble](ap070529.html)
2007 May 28: [A Hole in Mars](ap070528.html)
2007 May 27: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap070527.html)
2007 May 26: [The Moon's Saturn](ap070526.html)
2007 May 25: [Jupiter, Vesta, and the Milky Way](ap070525.html)
2007 May 24: [The Tulip in the Swan](ap070524.html)
2007 May 23: [Venus Near the Moon](ap070523.html)
2007 May 22: [Orange Sun Oozing](ap070522.html)
2007 May 21: [In the Center of Reflection Nebula NGC 1333](ap070521.html)
2007 May 20: [A Spherule from the Earth's Moon](ap070520.html)
2007 May 19: [Circum-axial Leaf Trails](ap070519.html)
2007 May 18: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap070518.html)
2007 May 17: [The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross](ap070517.html)
2007 May 16: [Dark Matter Ring Modeled around Galaxy Cluster CL0024 17](ap070516.html)
2007 May 15: [Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 in Ultraviolet from Galex](ap070515.html)
2007 May 14: [Rotating Earth from Galileo](ap070514.html)
2007 May 13: [The Cat's Eye Nebula from Hubble](ap070513.html)
2007 May 12: [HD 189733b: Hot Jupiter](ap070512.html)
2007 May 11: [LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion](ap070511.html)
2007 May 10: [SN 2006GY: Brightest Supernova](ap070510.html)
2007 May 09: [The Snowflake Cluster versus the Cone Nebula](ap070509.html)
2007 May 08: [A Dark Sky over Death Valley](ap070508.html)
2007 May 07: [Europa Rising](ap070507.html)
2007 May 06: [Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out](ap070506.html)
2007 May 05: [Sombrero Galaxy Across the Spectrum](ap070505.html)
2007 May 04: [The Iron Tail of Comet McNaught](ap070504.html)
2007 May 03: [Small Galaxy NGC 4449](ap070503.html)
2007 May 02: [Sunrise from the Surface of Gliese 581c](ap070502.html)
2007 May 01: [Swirling Clouds Over the South Pole of Venus](ap070501.html)
2007 April 30: [Dust Pillars of the Carina Nebula](ap070430.html)
2007 April 29: [NGC 6302: Big, Bright, Bug Nebula](ap070429.html)
2007 April 28: [Young Moon and Sister Stars](ap070428.html)
2007 April 27: [M81 in Ursa Major](ap070427.html)
2007 April 26: [Gliese 581 and the Habitable Zone](ap070426.html)
2007 April 25: [Carina Nebula Panorama from Hubble](ap070425.html)
2007 April 24: [The Sun in Three Dimensions](ap070424.html)
2007 April 23: [A Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station](ap070423.html)
2007 April 22: [Smooth Sections on Asteroid Itokawa](ap070422.html)
2007 April 21: [3D Face on Mars](ap070421.html)
2007 April 20: [Pantheon Earth and Moon](ap070420.html)
2007 April 19: [NGC 5139: Omega Centauri](ap070419.html)
2007 April 18: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1672](ap070418.html)
2007 April 17: [Water Claimed in Evaporating Planet HD 209458b](ap070417.html)
2007 April 16: [MWC 922: The Red Square Nebula](ap070416.html)
2007 April 15: [M3: Inconstant Star Cluster](ap070415.html)
2007 April 14: [Venus by the Lake](ap070414.html)
2007 April 13: [Seven Dusty Sisters](ap070413.html)
2007 April 12: [The Cone Nebula Neighborhood](ap070412.html)
2007 April 11: [The Arms of NGC 4258](ap070411.html)
2007 April 10: [Saturn from Below](ap070410.html)
2007 April 09: [Aurora Over Alaska](ap070409.html)
2007 April 08: [The View from Everest](ap070408.html)
2007 April 07: [Three Years of Saturn](ap070407.html)
2007 April 06: [Four Years of Saturn](ap070406.html)
2007 April 05: [Asteroid and Galaxy](ap070405.html)
2007 April 04: [New Horizons at Io](ap070404.html)
2007 April 03: [A Mysterious Hexagonal Cloud System on Saturn](ap070403.html)
2007 April 02: [An Active Sunspot Viewed Sideways](ap070402.html)
2007 April 01: [Americans Defeat Russians in First Space Quidditch Match](ap070401.html)
2007 March 31: [Hale-Bopp: The Great Comet of 1997](ap070331.html)
2007 March 30: [Three Galaxies and a Comet](ap070330.html)
2007 March 29: [Jupiter Moon Movie](ap070329.html)
2007 March 28: [NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe](ap070328.html)
2007 March 27: [Enceladus Creates Saturn's E Ring](ap070327.html)
2007 March 26: [Bullet Pillars in Orion](ap070326.html)
2007 March 25: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap070325.html)
2007 March 24: [Lisbon Moonset](ap070324.html)
2007 March 23: [Touran Sunrise](ap070323.html)
2007 March 22: [Goa Silhouettes](ap070322.html)
2007 March 21: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 163](ap070321.html)
2007 March 20: [A Blue Crescent Moon from Space](ap070320.html)
2007 March 19: [Galaxy Group Hickson 44](ap070319.html)
2007 March 18: [A Higher Dimensional Universe](ap070318.html)
2007 March 17: [Eiffel Moon](ap070317.html)
2007 March 16: [Eclipsing the Rings](ap070316.html)
2007 March 15: [NGC 2442: Galaxy in Volans](ap070315.html)
2007 March 14: [Barred Spiral Galaxy M95](ap070314.html)
2007 March 13: [Attacking Mars](ap070313.html)
2007 March 12: [Watch Jupiter Rotate](ap070312.html)
2007 March 11: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap070311.html)
2007 March 10: [Eclipse with Lighthouse](ap070310.html)
2007 March 09: [Eclipse and Ecliptic](ap070309.html)
2007 March 08: [Eclipsed Moon and Stars](ap070308.html)
2007 March 07: [New Horizons Spacecraft Passes Jupiter](ap070307.html)
2007 March 06: [Saturn from Above](ap070306.html)
2007 March 05: [Illusion and Evolution in Galaxy Cluster Abell 2667](ap070305.html)
2007 March 04: [Triton: Neptunes Largest Moon](ap070304.html)
2007 March 03: [Lunar Transit from STEREO](ap070303.html)
2007 March 02: [Solar Eclipse from the Moon](ap070302.html)
2007 March 01: [Rosetta Over Mars](ap070301.html)
2007 February 28: [Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 2170](ap070228.html)
2007 February 27: [Atmospheres Detected on Two Extrasolar Planets](ap070227.html)
2007 February 26: [A Rocket Debris Cloud Drifts](ap070226.html)
2007 February 25: [The Far Side of the Moon](ap070225.html)
2007 February 24: [X-rays and the Eagle Nebula](ap070224.html)
2007 February 23: [Dust and the Helix Nebula](ap070223.html)
2007 February 22: [Mystery Over Australia](ap070222.html)
2007 February 21: [Mira Over Germany](ap070221.html)
2007 February 20: [White Ridges on Mars](ap070220.html)
2007 February 19: [Nova Over Iran](ap070219.html)
2007 February 18: [M16: Pillars of Creation](ap070218.html)
2007 February 17: [Stereo Eros](ap070217.html)
2007 February 16: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685](ap070216.html)
2007 February 15: [Planetary Nebula NGC 2440](ap070215.html)
2007 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap070214.html)
2007 February 13: [Vela Supernova Remnant in Visible Light](ap070213.html)
2007 February 12: [Comet McNaught Over New Zealand](ap070212.html)
2007 February 11: [Io: The Prometheus Plume](ap070211.html)
2007 February 10: [Stars of the Galactic Center](ap070210.html)
2007 February 09: [Ptolemaeus, Alphonsus and Arzachel](ap070209.html)
2007 February 08: [Galaxies Away](ap070208.html)
2007 February 07: [Liquid Lakes on Saturns Titan](ap070207.html)
2007 February 06: [Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection](ap070206.html)
2007 February 05: [Comet Between Fireworks and Lightning](ap070205.html)
2007 February 04: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap070204.html)
2007 February 03: [Alborz Mountains in Moonlight](ap070203.html)
2007 February 02: [Flame Nebula Close-Up](ap070202.html)
2007 February 01: [A Tail of Two Hemispheres](ap070201.html)
2007 January 31: [Movie: Cassini Crosses Saturn's Ring Plane](ap070131.html)
2007 January 30: [Thor's Helmet from CFHT](ap070130.html)
2007 January 29: [Movie: A Green Flash Over Italy](ap070129.html)
2007 January 28: [Saturn's Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap070128.html)
2007 January 27: [Castle and Sky](ap070127.html)
2007 January 26: [The Star Clusters of NGC 1313](ap070126.html)
2007 January 25: [Orion's Cradle](ap070125.html)
2007 January 24: [A Comet Tail Horizon](ap070124.html)
2007 January 23: [The Milky Way Over Paranal](ap070123.html)
2007 January 22: [The Magnificent Tail of Comet McNaught](ap070122.html)
2007 January 21: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap070121.html)
2007 January 20: [SOHO: Comet McNaught Movie](ap070120.html)
2007 January 19: [McNaught's Matinee](ap070119.html)
2007 January 18: [Southern Comet](ap070118.html)
2007 January 17: [Comet McNaught from New STEREO Satellite](ap070117.html)
2007 January 16: [Keplers Supernova Remnant in X Rays](ap070116.html)
2007 January 15: [Comet McNaught Over Catalonia](ap070115.html)
2007 January 14: [Sgr A\*: Fast Stars Near the Galactic Center](ap070114.html)
2007 January 13: [Comet Over Krakow](ap070113.html)
2007 January 12: [Collinder 399: The Coat Hanger](ap070112.html)
2007 January 11: [The Eagle Nebula in Infrared](ap070111.html)
2007 January 10: [NGC 602 and Beyond](ap070110.html)
2007 January 09: [McNaught Now Brightest Comet in Decades](ap070109.html)
2007 January 08: [The Big Dipper](ap070108.html)
2007 January 07: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A](ap070107.html)
2007 January 06: [The Orion Deep Field](ap070106.html)
2007 January 05: [Comet McNaught Heads for the Sun](ap070105.html)
2007 January 04: [Central Cygnus](ap070104.html)
2007 January 03: [Twenty Full Moons](ap070103.html)
2007 January 02: [Light from the First Stars](ap070102.html)
2007 January 01: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap070101.html)
2006 December 31: [A Year of Extraterrestrial Fountains and Flows](ap061231.html)
2006 December 30: [Martian Analemma](ap061230.html)
2006 December 29: [Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka](ap061229.html)
2006 December 28: [Moon Over Andromeda](ap061228.html)
2006 December 27: [IC 5067: Emission Nebula Close up](ap061227.html)
2006 December 26: [The Gegenschein](ap061226.html)
2006 December 25: [Upgrading the International Space Station](ap061225.html)
2006 December 24: [Rumors of a Strange Universe](ap061224.html)
2006 December 23: [The Analemma and the Temple of Olympian Zeus](ap061223.html)
2006 December 22: [The View from Stereo Ahead](ap061222.html)
2006 December 21: [Minotaur Dawn](ap061221.html)
2006 December 20: [Star Forming Region NGC 6357](ap061220.html)
2006 December 19: [Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24](ap061219.html)
2006 December 18: [Aurora Over Iowa](ap061218.html)
2006 December 17: [A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect](ap061217.html)
2006 December 16: [A Path To Orion](ap061216.html)
2006 December 15: [NGC 1055 and M77](ap061215.html)
2006 December 14: [Mountains of Titan](ap061214.html)
2006 December 13: [A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun](ap061213.html)
2006 December 12: [Light Deposits Indicate Water Flowing on Mars](ap061212.html)
2006 December 11: [IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula](ap061211.html)
2006 December 10: [Apollo 17 Panorama: Astronaut Running](ap061210.html)
2006 December 09: [Three Planets in Dawn Skies](ap061209.html)
2006 December 08: [NGC 2174: Emission Nebula in Orion](ap061208.html)
2006 December 07: [The Outskirts of M77](ap061207.html)
2006 December 06: [Spirit Rover on Mars Imaged from Orbit](ap061206.html)
2006 December 05: [The Antikythera Mechanism](ap061205.html)
2006 December 04: [Movie: The Active Sun](ap061204.html)
2006 December 03: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap061203.html)
2006 December 02: [Star Trails at 19,000 Feet](ap061202.html)
2006 December 01: [In the Arms of NGC 1097](ap061201.html)
2006 November 30: [A Pelican in the Swan](ap061130.html)
2006 November 29: [A Big Dish at the VLA Radio Observatory](ap061129.html)
2006 November 28: [Unusual Starburst Galaxy NGC 1313](ap061128.html)
2006 November 27: [Mysterious Spokes in Saturn's Rings](ap061127.html)
2006 November 26: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap061126.html)
2006 November 25: [3D Mercury Transit](ap061125.html)
2006 November 24: [Alpha Cam: Runaway Star](ap061124.html)
2006 November 23: [Hydrogen in M33](ap061123.html)
2006 November 22: [A Bucket Wheel Excavator on Earth](ap061122.html)
2006 November 21: [A Leonid Meteor Over Sweden](ap061121.html)
2006 November 20: [M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula](ap061120.html)
2006 November 19: [The Car, the Hole, and the Peekskill Meteorite](ap061119.html)
2006 November 18: [Leonids and Leica](ap061118.html)
2006 November 17: [Hand Drawn Transit](ap061117.html)
2006 November 16: [Children of the Sun](ap061116.html)
2006 November 15: [A Fog Bow Over California](ap061115.html)
2006 November 14: [Mercurys Transit: An Unusual Spot on the Sun](ap061114.html)
2006 November 13: [A Hurricane Over the South Pole of Saturn](ap061113.html)
2006 November 12: [The Cats Eye Nebula](ap061112.html)
2006 November 11: [M51: Cosmic Whirlpool](ap061111.html)
2006 November 10: [Mercury and the Chromosphere](ap061110.html)
2006 November 09: [Halo and Hexagons](ap061109.html)
2006 November 08: [Simulated Transit of Mercury](ap061108.html)
2006 November 07: [Janus: Potato Shaped Moon of Saturn](ap061107.html)
2006 November 06: [The Ghostly Tail of Comet SWAN](ap061106.html)
2006 November 05: [A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745](ap061105.html)
2006 November 04: [Paranal Moonset](ap061104.html)
2006 November 03: [V838 Mon: Echoes from the Edge](ap061103.html)
2006 November 02: [Messier 76](ap061102.html)
2006 November 01: [McMurdo Panorama from Mars](ap061101.html)
2006 October 31: [SH2 136: A Spooky Nebula](ap061031.html)
2006 October 30: [Crescent Venus and Moon](ap061030.html)
2006 October 29: [The Sun Puffs](ap061029.html)
2006 October 28: [Comet SWAN Outburst](ap061028.html)
2006 October 27: [The Spider and The Fly](ap061027.html)
2006 October 26: [Composite Crab](ap061026.html)
2006 October 25: [Help Search for Interstellar Dust](ap061025.html)
2006 October 24: [The Antennae Galaxies in Collision](ap061024.html)
2006 October 23: [Orionid Meteors Over Turkey](ap061023.html)
2006 October 22: [Star EGGs in the Eagle Nebula](ap061022.html)
2006 October 21: [Tombaugh 4](ap061021.html)
2006 October 20: [IC 4628: The Prawn Nebula](ap061020.html)
2006 October 19: [SWAN Meets Galaxy](ap061019.html)
2006 October 18: [NGC 7635: The Bubble](ap061018.html)
2006 October 17: [Clouds and Sand on the Horizon of Mars](ap061017.html)
2006 October 16: [In the Shadow of Saturn](ap061016.html)
2006 October 15: [An Orion Deep Field](ap061015.html)
2006 October 14: [Full Moon Crossing](ap061014.html)
2006 October 13: [The Hubble SWEEPS Field](ap061013.html)
2006 October 12: [Saturn's Infrared Glow](ap061012.html)
2006 October 11: [Markarian's Chain of Galaxies](ap061011.html)
2006 October 10: [Reflection Nebulas in Orion](ap061010.html)
2006 October 09: [Mars Rover at Victoria Crater Imaged from Orbit](ap061009.html)
2006 October 08: [CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap061008.html)
2006 October 07: [COBE All Sky Map](ap061007.html)
2006 October 06: [Dusty NGC 1333](ap061006.html)
2006 October 05: [Hidden Galaxy IC 342](ap061005.html)
2006 October 04: [Comet SWAN Brightens](ap061004.html)
2006 October 03: [Light from the Heart Nebula](ap061003.html)
2006 October 02: [Victoria Crater on Mars](ap061002.html)
2006 October 01: [Earth at Night](ap061001.html)
2006 September 30: [STS 115: Stereo Portrait](ap060930.html)
2006 September 29: [NGC 5905 and 5908](ap060929.html)
2006 September 28: [RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant](ap060928.html)
2006 September 27: [Earth from Saturn](ap060927.html)
2006 September 26: [Mars Express: Return to Cydonia](ap060926.html)
2006 September 25: [Mars Express Close Up of the Face on Mars](ap060925.html)
2006 September 24: [NGC 1499: The California Nebula](ap060924.html)
2006 September 23: [Triple Sunrise](ap060923.html)
2006 September 22: [Central IC 1805](ap060922.html)
2006 September 21: [Sharp Silhouette](ap060921.html)
2006 September 20: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap060920.html)
2006 September 19: [Beagle Crater on Mars](ap060919.html)
2006 September 18: [Eris: The Largest Known Dwarf Planet](ap060918.html)
2006 September 17: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Florida](ap060917.html)
2006 September 16: [Discovery Orbiter Anaglyph](ap060916.html)
2006 September 15: [11 Hour Star Trails](ap060915.html)
2006 September 14: [M33: Spiral Galaxy in Triangulum](ap060914.html)
2006 September 13: [Atlantis to Orbit](ap060913.html)
2006 September 12: [Saturn at Night](ap060912.html)
2006 September 11: [Eclipsed Moon Rising Over England](ap060911.html)
2006 September 10: [Star Clusters Young and Old](ap060910.html)
2006 September 09: [Shadow Play](ap060909.html)
2006 September 08: [Messier 110](ap060908.html)
2006 September 07: [Colorful Moon Mosaic](ap060907.html)
2006 September 06: [Green Aurora Over Lake Superior](ap060906.html)
2006 September 05: [Bright Cliffs Across Saturns Moon Dione](ap060905.html)
2006 September 04: [The Large Magellanic Cloud in Infrared](ap060904.html)
2006 September 03: [Pluto in True Color](ap060903.html)
2006 September 02: [Dusty Spiral M66](ap060902.html)
2006 September 01: [Gemini South Star Trails](ap060901.html)
2006 August 31: [Extra Galaxies](ap060831.html)
2006 August 30: [A Backward Sunspot and the New Solar Cycle](ap060830.html)
2006 August 29: [Supernova Remnant E0102 from Hubble](ap060829.html)
2006 August 28: [Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations](ap060828.html)
2006 August 27: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap060827.html)
2006 August 26: [Apollo 17 VIP Site Anaglyph](ap060826.html)
2006 August 25: [Blue Lagoon](ap060825.html)
2006 August 24: [The Matter of the Bullet Cluster](ap060824.html)
2006 August 23: [Sandy Gas Jets Hypothesized on Mars](ap060823.html)
2006 August 22: [A Smoke Angel from Airplane Flares](ap060822.html)
2006 August 21: [Ceres: Asteroid or Planet](ap060821.html)
2006 August 20: [A Map of Asteroid Vesta](ap060820.html)
2006 August 19: [Ceci n'est pas un Meteore](ap060819.html)
2006 August 18: [Spitzer's Orion](ap060818.html)
2006 August 17: [Comet Dust over Colorado](ap060817.html)
2006 August 16: [The North America and Pelican Nebulas](ap060816.html)
2006 August 15: [IC 410 and NGC 1893](ap060815.html)
2006 August 14: [Cosmic Rays](ap060814.html)
2006 August 13: [The Comet and the Galaxy](ap060813.html)
2006 August 12: [The First Explorer](ap060812.html)
2006 August 11: [Perseid in the Light](ap060811.html)
2006 August 10: [Galactic Center Star Clusters](ap060810.html)
2006 August 09: [Magellanic Morning](ap060809.html)
2006 August 08: [Horse Head Shaped Reflection Nebula IC 4592](ap060808.html)
2006 August 07: [An Erupting Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap060807.html)
2006 August 06: [A Cerro Tololo Sky](ap060806.html)
2006 August 05: [Still Life with NGC 2170](ap060805.html)
2006 August 04: [Burns Cliff Anaglyph](ap060804.html)
2006 August 03: [M27: Not A Comet](ap060803.html)
2006 August 02: [Methane Rain Possible on Titan](ap060802.html)
2006 August 01: [The Milky Way over Utah](ap060801.html)
2006 July 31: [Possible Methane Lakes on Titan](ap060731.html)
2006 July 30: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap060730.html)
2006 July 29: [The Swarm](ap060729.html)
2006 July 28: [Four Supernova Remnants](ap060728.html)
2006 July 27: [NGC 7331 and Beyond](ap060727.html)
2006 July 26: [Explosions from White Dwarf Star RS Oph](ap060726.html)
2006 July 25: [Jupiters Two Largest Storms Nearly Collide](ap060725.html)
2006 July 24: [The International Space Station on the Horizon](ap060724.html)
2006 July 23: [The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon](ap060723.html)
2006 July 22: [Mira: The Wonderful Star](ap060722.html)
2006 July 21: [Strangers on Mars](ap060721.html)
2006 July 20: [Constellation Construction](ap060720.html)
2006 July 19: [Reflections on Planet Earth](ap060719.html)
2006 July 18: [Noctilucent Clouds Over Sweden](ap060718.html)
2006 July 17: [Venus Express Arrives at Venus](ap060717.html)
2006 July 16: [The Galactic Center in Infrared](ap060716.html)
2006 July 15: [Reflecting Merope](ap060715.html)
2006 July 14: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap060714.html)
2006 July 13: [A Space Shuttle Climbs to Orbit](ap060713.html)
2006 July 12: [A Manhattan Sunset](ap060712.html)
2006 July 11: [Crescent Rhea Occults Crescent Saturn](ap060711.html)
2006 July 10: [Dark Sun Sizzling](ap060710.html)
2006 July 09: [The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble](ap060709.html)
2006 July 08: [Discovery in Motion](ap060708.html)
2006 July 07: [Bright Galaxy M81](ap060707.html)
2006 July 06: [NGC 6888: A Tricolor Starfield](ap060706.html)
2006 July 05: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2403 from Subaru](ap060705.html)
2006 July 04: [Elliptical Galaxy Centaurus A from CFHT](ap060704.html)
2006 July 03: [The View toward Husband Hill on Mars](ap060703.html)
2006 July 02: [Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas](ap060702.html)
2006 July 01: [Wind from a Black Hole](ap060701.html)
2006 June 30: [The Antennae](ap060630.html)
2006 June 29: [Old Moon and Sister Stars](ap060629.html)
2006 June 28: [The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap060628.html)
2006 June 27: [The Moving Moons of Saturn](ap060627.html)
2006 June 26: [Starry Night](ap060626.html)
2006 June 25: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap060625.html)
2006 June 24: [Nix and Hydra](ap060624.html)
2006 June 23: [East of Antares](ap060623.html)
2006 June 22: [Planets, Bees, and a Donkey](ap060622.html)
2006 June 21: [Sunrise Solstice at Stonehenge](ap060621.html)
2006 June 20: [Hideaway](ap060620.html)
2006 June 19: [Bright Star Regulus near the Leo 1 Dwarf Galaxy](ap060619.html)
2006 June 18: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap060618.html)
2006 June 17: [Saturn, Mars, and the Beehive Cluster](ap060617.html)
2006 June 16: [APOD Turns Eleven](ap060616.html)
2006 June 15: [Gordel van Venus](ap060615.html)
2006 June 14: [Sagittarius Triplet](ap060614.html)
2006 June 13: [Driving Toward a Sun Halo](ap060613.html)
2006 June 12: [Edge On Galaxy NGC 5866](ap060612.html)
2006 June 11: [Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet](ap060611.html)
2006 June 10: [Moon Over Haleakala](ap060610.html)
2006 June 09: [Infrared Andromeda](ap060609.html)
2006 June 08: [Enceladus Ice Volcanos](ap060608.html)
2006 June 07: [An Alaskan Volcano Erupts](ap060607.html)
2006 June 06: [NGC 6164: A Bipolar Emission Nebula](ap060606.html)
2006 June 05: [The Road to Victoria Crater on Mars](ap060605.html)
2006 June 04: [The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral](ap060604.html)
2006 June 03: [Gamma Ray Earth](ap060603.html)
2006 June 02: [IC 443: Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star](ap060602.html)
2006 June 01: [Reflections on NGC 6188](ap060601.html)
2006 May 31: [Simulated Gamma ray Sky](ap060531.html)
2006 May 30: [Ancient Craters on Saturns Rhea](ap060530.html)
2006 May 29: [The NASA Television Channel](ap060529.html)
2006 May 28: [GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole](ap060528.html)
2006 May 27: [Gamma Ray Moon](ap060527.html)
2006 May 26: [Omega Centauri](ap060526.html)
2006 May 25: [NGC 1579: Trifid of the North](ap060525.html)
2006 May 24: [A Five Quasar Gravitational Lens](ap060524.html)
2006 May 23: [Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Passes the Earth](ap060523.html)
2006 May 22: [Maneuvering in Space](ap060522.html)
2006 May 21: [An Intermediate Polar Binary System](ap060521.html)
2006 May 20: [Elliptical Galaxy M87](ap060520.html)
2006 May 19: [The Gum Nebula](ap060519.html)
2006 May 18: [Shell Game in the LMC](ap060518.html)
2006 May 17: [The Host Galaxies of Long Duration GRBs](ap060517.html)
2006 May 16: [The International Space Station from Above](ap060516.html)
2006 May 15: [Volcanic Bumpy Boulder on Mars](ap060515.html)
2006 May 14: [The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes](ap060514.html)
2006 May 13: [Crumbling Comet](ap060513.html)
2006 May 12: [Comet Meets Ring Nebula: Part II](ap060512.html)
2006 May 11: [Comet Meets Ring Nebula: Part I](ap060511.html)
2006 May 10: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap060510.html)
2006 May 09: [Rock Slab Growing at Mt St Helens Volcano](ap060509.html)
2006 May 08: [Descent Panorama of Saturns Titan](ap060508.html)
2006 May 07: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap060507.html)
2006 May 06: [Three Galaxies in Draco](ap060506.html)
2006 May 05: [Jupiter and the Red Spots](ap060505.html)
2006 May 04: [Schwassmann-Wachmann 3: Fragment B](ap060504.html)
2006 May 03: [Saturn in Blue and Gold](ap060503.html)
2006 May 02: [Sunspot 875 Flares](ap060502.html)
2006 May 01: [Open Cluster NGC 290: A Stellar Jewel Box](ap060501.html)
2006 April 30: [1006 AD: Supernova in the Sky](ap060430.html)
2006 April 29: [Skylab Over Earth](ap060429.html)
2006 April 28: [NGC 7635: Bubble in a Cosmic Sea](ap060428.html)
2006 April 27: [NGC 4696: Energy from a Black Hole](ap060427.html)
2006 April 26: [Crumbling Comet Schwassmann Wachmann 3 Approaches](ap060426.html)
2006 April 25: [M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind](ap060425.html)
2006 April 24: [Star Clouds over Arizona](ap060424.html)
2006 April 23: [The Solar Spectrum](ap060423.html)
2006 April 22: [Z is for Mars](ap060422.html)
2006 April 21: [NGC 253: Dusty Island Universe](ap060421.html)
2006 April 20: [A Dust Cloud in NGC 281](ap060420.html)
2006 April 19: [Mars and the Star Clusters](ap060419.html)
2006 April 18: [NGC 246 and the Dying Star](ap060418.html)
2006 April 17: [Barnard's Loop around the Horsehead Nebula](ap060417.html)
2006 April 16: [A Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap060416.html)
2006 April 15: [Galaxy Wars: M81 versus M82](ap060415.html)
2006 April 14: [Smoke from the Cigar Galaxy](ap060414.html)
2006 April 13: [Star Cluster Dreams](ap060413.html)
2006 April 12: [Binary Black Hole in 3C 75](ap060412.html)
2006 April 11: [A Sun Halo over Utah](ap060411.html)
2006 April 10: [Mars: The View from HiRISE](ap060410.html)
2006 April 09: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap060409.html)
2006 April 08: [Vanishing Umbra](ap060408.html)
2006 April 07: [The Crown of the Sun](ap060407.html)
2006 April 06: [Unusual Bright Soil on Mars](ap060406.html)
2006 April 05: [Slightly Beneath Saturn's Ring Plane](ap060405.html)
2006 April 04: [A Total Solar Eclipse over Turkey](ap060404.html)
2006 April 03: [Stars and Dust Across Corona Australis](ap060403.html)
2006 April 02: [A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars](ap060402.html)
2006 April 01: [Hubble Resolves Expiration Date For Green Cheese Moon](ap060401.html)
2006 March 31: [Solar Eclipse and SOHO](ap060331.html)
2006 March 30: [When Diamonds Aren't Forever](ap060330.html)
2006 March 29: [Green and Black Auroras Over Norway](ap060329.html)
2006 March 28: [Animation of Asteroids Passing Near Earth](ap060328.html)
2006 March 27: [Moonquakes Surprisingly Common](ap060327.html)
2006 March 26: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap060326.html)
2006 March 25: [Northern Spring on Mars](ap060325.html)
2006 March 24: [When Roses Aren't Red](ap060324.html)
2006 March 23: [Inflating the Universe](ap060323.html)
2006 March 22: [Enceladus Near Saturn](ap060322.html)
2006 March 21: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap060321.html)
2006 March 20: [Super Earths May Circle Other Stars](ap060320.html)
2006 March 19: [Our Busy Solar System](ap060319.html)
2006 March 18: [Red Spot Jr](ap060318.html)
2006 March 17: [The Big Dipper Cluster](ap060317.html)
2006 March 16: [Eta and Keyhole in the Carina Nebula](ap060316.html)
2006 March 15: [McCool Hill on Mars](ap060315.html)
2006 March 14: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap060314.html)
2006 March 13: [Z Machine Sets Unexpected Earth Temperature Record](ap060313.html)
2006 March 12: [Globular Cluster M3 from WIYN](ap060312.html)
2006 March 11: [Colors of Comet Pojmanski](ap060311.html)
2006 March 10: [Enceladus and the Search for Water](ap060310.html)
2006 March 09: [Trio Leo](ap060309.html)
2006 March 08: [Earth's Shrinking Antarctic Ice Sheet](ap060308.html)
2006 March 07: [A Nearby Supernova in Spiral Galaxy M100](ap060307.html)
2006 March 06: [Unexpected Comet Pojmanski Now Visible](ap060306.html)
2006 March 05: [Colorful Light Pillars](ap060305.html)
2006 March 04: [The Galaxy Within Centaurus A](ap060304.html)
2006 March 03: [Venus and Comet Pojmanski](ap060303.html)
2006 March 02: [Messier 101](ap060302.html)
2006 March 01: [Multiverses: Do Other Universes Exist?](ap060301.html)
2006 February 28: [The Flaming Star Nebula from CFHT](ap060228.html)
2006 February 27: [GRB 060218: A Mysterious Transient](ap060227.html)
2006 February 26: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap060226.html)
2006 February 25: [SOFIA's Window Seat](ap060225.html)
2006 February 24: [Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuci](ap060224.html)
2006 February 23: [Saturn Storm by Ringshine](ap060223.html)
2006 February 22: [An Unusually Smooth Surface on Saturns Telesto](ap060222.html)
2006 February 21: [Wisps Surrounding the Horsehead Nebula](ap060221.html)
2006 February 20: [SuitSat1: A Spacesuit Floats Free](ap060220.html)
2006 February 19: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars](ap060219.html)
2006 February 18: [Mir Dreams](ap060218.html)
2006 February 17: [Supernova Remnant and Shock Wave](ap060217.html)
2006 February 16: [The Color of the Moon](ap060216.html)
2006 February 15: [Rotating Titan in Infrared Light](ap060215.html)
2006 February 14: [Dust and Light in the Rosette Nebula](ap060214.html)
2006 February 13: [The N44 Emission Nebula](ap060213.html)
2006 February 12: [Phoebe: Comet Moon of Saturn](ap060212.html)
2006 February 11: [Plato and the Lunar Alps](ap060211.html)
2006 February 10: [M8: The Lagoon Nebula](ap060210.html)
2006 February 09: [NGC 1309 and Friends](ap060209.html)
2006 February 08: [The Great Basin on Tethys](ap060208.html)
2006 February 07: [UB313: Larger than Pluto](ap060207.html)
2006 February 06: [The N44 Superbubble](ap060206.html)
2006 February 05: [A Sun Pillar in Red and Violet](ap060205.html)
2006 February 04: [Shadow Set](ap060204.html)
2006 February 03: [Cosmic Tornado HH 49 50](ap060203.html)
2006 February 02: [Thor's Helmet in H-Alpha](ap060202.html)
2006 February 01: [Venus Just After Sunset](ap060201.html)
2006 January 31: [Huygens on Titan Illustrated](ap060131.html)
2006 January 30: [NGC 1999: South of Orion](ap060130.html)
2006 January 29: [Volcano and Aurora in Iceland](ap060129.html)
2006 January 28: [Saturn in the Hive](ap060128.html)
2006 January 27: [A New Storm on Saturn](ap060127.html)
2006 January 26: [An Unusual Two Toned Rock on Mars](ap060126.html)
2006 January 25: [The Expanding Light Echoes of SN 1987A](ap060125.html)
2006 January 24: [New Horizons Launches to Pluto](ap060124.html)
2006 January 23: [The LMC Galaxy in Glowing Gas](ap060123.html)
2006 January 22: [D.rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts](ap060122.html)
2006 January 21: [Apollo 12: Self-Portrait](ap060121.html)
2006 January 20: [LL Ori and the Orion Nebula](ap060120.html)
2006 January 19: [Orion Nebula: The Hubble View](ap060119.html)
2006 January 18: [Cartwheel Of Fortune](ap060118.html)
2006 January 17: [A Roll Cloud Over Missouri](ap060117.html)
2006 January 16: [Stardust Capsule Returns to Earth](ap060116.html)
2006 January 15: [The Sombrero Galaxy from HST](ap060115.html)
2006 January 14: [Lunokhod: Moon Robot](ap060114.html)
2006 January 13: [Stars of the Galactic Center](ap060113.html)
2006 January 12: [Infrared Helix](ap060112.html)
2006 January 11: [The Tadpoles of IC 410](ap060111.html)
2006 January 10: [The Phases of Venus](ap060110.html)
2006 January 09: [M45: The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap060109.html)
2006 January 08: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail](ap060108.html)
2006 January 07: [Apollo 17's Moonship](ap060107.html)
2006 January 06: [The Tarantula Nebula](ap060106.html)
2006 January 05: [New Year Mars Panorama](ap060105.html)
2006 January 04: [Hauoli Makahiki Hou](ap060104.html)
2006 January 03: [Dark Terrain on Saturn's Iapetus](ap060103.html)
2006 January 02: [A Sun Pillar Over Maine](ap060102.html)
2006 January 01: [The Largest Rock in the Solar System](ap060101.html)
2005 December 31: [A Year at Saturn](ap051231.html)
2005 December 30: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap051230.html)
2005 December 29: [The Iris Nebula from CFHT](ap051229.html)
2005 December 28: [Smooth Sections on Asteroid Itokawa](ap051228.html)
2005 December 27: [IC 2118: The Witch Head Nebula](ap051227.html)
2005 December 26: [SN 1006: Supernova Remnant in X-Rays](ap051226.html)
2005 December 25: [The Mysterious Cone Nebula](ap051225.html)
2005 December 24: [Earthrise](ap051224.html)
2005 December 23: [Hydrogen and Dust in the Rosette Nebula](ap051223.html)
2005 December 22: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap051222.html)
2005 December 21: [Sunrise by Season](ap051221.html)
2005 December 20: [Star Trails Above Mauna Kea](ap051220.html)
2005 December 19: [Thin Rings Around Polarized Saturn](ap051219.html)
2005 December 18: [M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT](ap051218.html)
2005 December 17: [Apollo 17: Last on the Moon](ap051217.html)
2005 December 16: [GLIMPSE the Milky Way](ap051216.html)
2005 December 15: [Autumn Moon Encore](ap051215.html)
2005 December 14: [A Digital Opportunity Rover on Mars](ap051214.html)
2005 December 13: [620 Kilometers Above Rhea](ap051213.html)
2005 December 12: [30 Doradus: The Tarantula Zone](ap051212.html)
2005 December 11: [R136: The Massive Stars of 30 Doradus](ap051211.html)
2005 December 10: [The Last Moon Shot](ap051210.html)
2005 December 09: [December Moon Meets Evening Star](ap051209.html)
2005 December 08: [X-Rays from the Perseus Cluster Core](ap051208.html)
2005 December 07: [Europe at Night](ap051207.html)
2005 December 06: [The Veil Nebula Unveiled](ap051206.html)
2005 December 05: [Ice Fountains Discovered on Saturns Enceladus](ap051205.html)
2005 December 04: [Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star](ap051204.html)
2005 December 03: [Astro 1 In Orbit](ap051203.html)
2005 December 02: [Crab Nebula Mosaic from HST](ap051202.html)
2005 December 01: [SOHO's Uninterrupted View of the Sun](ap051201.html)
2005 November 30: [Reflections on the Horsehead Nebula](ap051130.html)
2005 November 29: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant from Palomar](ap051129.html)
2005 November 28: [Vista Inside Gusev Crater on Mars](ap051128.html)
2005 November 27: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap051127.html)
2005 November 26: [A Stereo Sun](ap051126.html)
2005 November 25: [Moon Over Antarctica](ap051125.html)
2005 November 24: [Dusty NGC 1333](ap051124.html)
2005 November 23: [Pandora: A Shepherd Moon of Saturn](ap051123.html)
2005 November 22: [A Galactic Collision in Cluster Abell 1185](ap051122.html)
2005 November 21: [The Missing Craters of Asteroid Itokawa](ap051121.html)
2005 November 20: [Rays from an Unexpected Aurora](ap051120.html)
2005 November 19: [NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet](ap051119.html)
2005 November 18: [The 37 Cluster](ap051118.html)
2005 November 17: [Young Stars of NGC 346](ap051117.html)
2005 November 16: [A Robots Shadow on Asteroid Itokawa](ap051116.html)
2005 November 15: [A Taurid Meteor Fireball](ap051115.html)
2005 November 14: [Everest Panorama from Mars](ap051114.html)
2005 November 13: [Lunation](ap051113.html)
2005 November 12: [Surveyor Hops](ap051112.html)
2005 November 11: [Mountains of Creation](ap051111.html)
2005 November 10: [Gravitational Tractor](ap051110.html)
2005 November 09: [A Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap051109.html)
2005 November 08: [The Drifts of Mars](ap051108.html)
2005 November 07: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap051107.html)
2005 November 06: [A Sunspot Up Close](ap051106.html)
2005 November 05: [Aurora from Space](ap051105.html)
2005 November 04: [M78: Stardust and Starlight](ap051104.html)
2005 November 03: [Possible Pluto Moons](ap051103.html)
2005 November 02: [Epimetheus and Janus: Interchangeable Moons of Saturn](ap051102.html)
2005 November 01: [A Soyuz Spacecraft Approaches the Space Station](ap051101.html)
2005 October 31: [A Martian Halloween](ap051031.html)
2005 October 30: [A Dark and Stormy Night](ap051030.html)
2005 October 29: [NGC 3242: The Ghost of Jupiter](ap051029.html)
2005 October 28: [October Mars](ap051028.html)
2005 October 27: [The Last Titan](ap051027.html)
2005 October 26: [4500 Kilometers Above Dione](ap051026.html)
2005 October 25: [Supernova Remnant N132D in Optical and X Rays](ap051025.html)
2005 October 24: [Angular Sand on Martian Hills](ap051024.html)
2005 October 23: [At the Center of the Milky Way](ap051023.html)
2005 October 22: [Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble](ap051022.html)
2005 October 21: [Ringside](ap051021.html)
2005 October 20: [The Andromeda Galaxy in Infrared](ap051020.html)
2005 October 19: [On the Possibility of Ascending to Mars](ap051019.html)
2005 October 18: [AE Aurigae: The Flaming Star](ap051018.html)
2005 October 17: [Short Gamma Ray Bursts Localized](ap051017.html)
2005 October 16: [Astronomy Quilt of the Week](ap051016.html)
2005 October 15: [Dusty Environs of Eta Carinae](ap051015.html)
2005 October 14: [Eclipse Shirt](ap051014.html)
2005 October 13: [Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka](ap051013.html)
2005 October 12: [Cratered Cliffs of Ice on Saturns Tethys](ap051012.html)
2005 October 11: [NGC 869 and NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster](ap051011.html)
2005 October 10: [The Swirling Storms of Saturn](ap051010.html)
2005 October 09: [Rollout of Soyuz TMA 2 Aboard an R7 Rocket](ap051009.html)
2005 October 08: [Peculiar Arp 295](ap051008.html)
2005 October 07: [Eclipse Madrid](ap051007.html)
2005 October 06: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1350](ap051006.html)
2005 October 05: [An Annular Solar Eclipse at High Resolution](ap051005.html)
2005 October 04: [The Milky Way in Stars and Dust](ap051004.html)
2005 October 03: [Saturns Hyperion: A Moon with Odd Craters](ap051003.html)
2005 October 02: [Magma Bubbles from Mt Etna](ap051002.html)
2005 October 01: [NGC 613: Spiral of Dust and Stars](ap051001.html)
2005 September 30: [IC 1396 H-Alpha Close-Up](ap050930.html)
2005 September 29: [An Unexplored Nebula](ap050929.html)
2005 September 28: [A Rocket Launch at Sunset](ap050928.html)
2005 September 27: [The Star Pillars of Sharpless 171](ap050927.html)
2005 September 26: [Streams of Stars in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies](ap050926.html)
2005 September 25: [WMAP Resolves the Universe](ap050925.html)
2005 September 24: [Cat's Eye](ap050924.html)
2005 September 23: [Portrait of RY Tauri](ap050923.html)
2005 September 22: [Orange Moon, Red Flash](ap050922.html)
2005 September 21: [Shoreline Terrain on Saturns Titan](ap050921.html)
2005 September 20: [M1: The Crab Nebula from NOT](ap050920.html)
2005 September 19: [Approaching Asteroid Itokawa](ap050919.html)
2005 September 18: [M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula](ap050918.html)
2005 September 17: [The Shadow of Phobos](ap050917.html)
2005 September 16: [Northern Lights, September Skies](ap050916.html)
2005 September 15: [The Nucleus of Comet Tempel 1](ap050915.html)
2005 September 14: [The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light](ap050914.html)
2005 September 13: [A Quadruple Sky Over Great Salt Lake](ap050913.html)
2005 September 12: [The Colliding Galaxies of NGC 520](ap050912.html)
2005 September 11: [Jupiters Clouds from Cassini](ap050911.html)
2005 September 10: [Supernova Survivor](ap050910.html)
2005 September 09: [Moon River](ap050909.html)
2005 September 08: [IC 1396 in Cepheus](ap050908.html)
2005 September 07: [The View from Husband Hill on Mars](ap050907.html)
2005 September 06: [Fresh Tiger Stripes on Saturn's Enceladus](ap050906.html)
2005 September 05: [Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae from SALT](ap050905.html)
2005 September 04: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap050904.html)
2005 September 03: [Venus Unveiled](ap050903.html)
2005 September 02: [X-Ray Portrait of Trumpler 14](ap050902.html)
2005 September 01: [One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725](ap050901.html)
2005 August 31: [Crepuscular Rays Over Utah](ap050831.html)
2005 August 30: [Albireo: A Bright and Beautiful Double](ap050830.html)
2005 August 29: [Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico](ap050829.html)
2005 August 28: [Muon Wobble Possible Door to Supersymmetric Universe](ap050828.html)
2005 August 27: [3D International Space Station](ap050827.html)
2005 August 26: [Full Moon, Green Rim](ap050826.html)
2005 August 25: [Barred Spiral Milky Way](ap050825.html)
2005 August 24: [Epimetheus: A Small Moon of Saturn](ap050824.html)
2005 August 23: [NGC 281: The Pacman Nebula](ap050823.html)
2005 August 22: [Desolate Mars: Rub al Khali](ap050822.html)
2005 August 21: [A Lenticular Cloud Over Hawaii](ap050821.html)
2005 August 20: [The Stars of NGC 300](ap050820.html)
2005 August 19: [NGC 1 and NGC 2](ap050819.html)
2005 August 18: [Sylvia, Romulus and Remus](ap050818.html)
2005 August 17: [Planets over Paranal](ap050817.html)
2005 August 16: [The International Space Station from Orbit](ap050816.html)
2005 August 15: [Perseid Meteors and the Milky Way](ap050815.html)
2005 August 14: [Heating Coronal Loops](ap050814.html)
2005 August 13: [SNR 0103 72.6: Oxygen Supply](ap050813.html)
2005 August 12: [A Perseid Meteor Shower Fireball Movie](ap050812.html)
2005 August 11: [Young Suns of NGC 7129](ap050811.html)
2005 August 10: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap050810.html)
2005 August 09: [The Belt of Venus over Elwood Beach](ap050809.html)
2005 August 08: [Mars to Appear Normal this August](ap050808.html)
2005 August 07: [Dueling Auroras](ap050807.html)
2005 August 06: [Raining Perseids](ap050806.html)
2005 August 05: [HD 188753: Triple Sunset](ap050805.html)
2005 August 04: [Stars Young and Old](ap050804.html)
2005 August 03: [The Busy Center of the Lagoon Nebula](ap050803.html)
2005 August 02: [A Shuttle Back Flip at the Space Station](ap050802.html)
2005 August 01: [2003 UB 313: A Tenth Planet?](ap050801.html)
2005 July 31: [Solar System Object Larger than Pluto Discovered](ap050731.html)
2005 July 30: [M106 in Canes Venatici](ap050730.html)
2005 July 29: [ISS and Discovery Transit the Sun](ap050729.html)
2005 July 28: [Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39](ap050728.html)
2005 July 27: [America Returns to Space Flight](ap050727.html)
2005 July 26: [Hyperion: Sponge Moon of Saturn](ap050726.html)
2005 July 25: [Unusual Gas Filaments Surround Galaxy NGC 1275](ap050725.html)
2005 July 24: [A Chicago Meteorite Fall](ap050724.html)
2005 July 23: [Ringed Nebulae](ap050723.html)
2005 July 22: [Tethys, Rings, and Shadows](ap050722.html)
2005 July 21: [X-Ray Stars of 47 Tuc](ap050721.html)
2005 July 20: [Water Ice in a Maritan Crater](ap050720.html)
2005 July 19: [A Nearby Supernova in M51](ap050719.html)
2005 July 18: [Deep Impact on Comet Tempel 1 from Hubble](ap050718.html)
2005 July 17: [The Center of Centaurus A](ap050717.html)
2005 July 16: [Galaxy Group HCG 87](ap050716.html)
2005 July 15: [Reflections on the Inner Solar System](ap050715.html)
2005 July 14: [Star Trails Over Vienna](ap050714.html)
2005 July 13: [Analemma of the Moon](ap050713.html)
2005 July 12: [Launch of the Red Bird](ap050712.html)
2005 July 11: [Sunrise Over Kilimanjaro](ap050711.html)
2005 July 10: [In the Center of the Trapezium](ap050710.html)
2005 July 09: [The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap050709.html)
2005 July 08: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge](ap050708.html)
2005 July 07: [Fire Glow and Star Trails at Sunset Crater](ap050707.html)
2005 July 06: [The Landscape on Comet Tempel 1](ap050706.html)
2005 July 05: [Thirteen Seconds After Impact](ap050705.html)
2005 July 04: [A Panorama from Mauna Kea](ap050704.html)
2005 July 03: [A Swift Look at Tempel 1](ap050703.html)
2005 July 02: [Three Planets by the Sea](ap050702.html)
2005 July 01: [Ring Around Fomalhaut](ap050701.html)
2005 June 30: [Three Planets from Mt Hamilton](ap050630.html)
2005 June 29: [Thirteen Million Kilometers from Comet Tempel 1](ap050629.html)
2005 June 28: [The Giant Radio Lobes of Fornax A](ap050628.html)
2005 June 27: [Globular Cluster M22 from CFHT](ap050627.html)
2005 June 26: [The 2MASS Galaxy Sky](ap050626.html)
2005 June 25: [Venus: Just Passing By](ap050625.html)
2005 June 24: [Planets in the West](ap050624.html)
2005 June 23: [Moonrise, Cape Sounion, Greece](ap050623.html)
2005 June 22: [Saturn's Rings from the Other Side](ap050622.html)
2005 June 21: [The Cygnus Wall of Star Formation](ap050621.html)
2005 June 20: [Sunset Over Gusev Crater](ap050620.html)
2005 June 19: [Noctilucent Clouds](ap050619.html)
2005 June 18: [Visitors Galaxy Gallery](ap050618.html)
2005 June 17: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap050617.html)
2005 June 16: [APOD Is Ten Years Old Today](ap050616.html)
2005 June 15: [Cassiopeia A Light Echoes in Infrared](ap050615.html)
2005 June 14: [Gliese 876 System Includes Large Terrestrial Planet](ap050614.html)
2005 June 13: [Tornado and Rainbow Over Kansas](ap050613.html)
2005 June 12: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap050612.html)
2005 June 11: [Earth at Twilight](ap050611.html)
2005 June 10: [Titan's Cryovolcano](ap050610.html)
2005 June 09: [Venus Returns to the Evening Sky](ap050609.html)
2005 June 08: [Rampaging Supernova Remnant N63A](ap050608.html)
2005 June 07: [Galaxies in View](ap050607.html)
2005 June 06: [Saturn: Dirty Rings and a Clean Moon](ap050606.html)
2005 June 05: [A Milky Way Band](ap050605.html)
2005 June 04: [First US Spacewalk](ap050604.html)
2005 June 03: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap050603.html)
2005 June 02: [Sculpting the South Pillar](ap050602.html)
2005 June 01: [White Dwarf Star Spiral](ap050601.html)
2005 May 31: [The Trifid Nebula from CFHT](ap050531.html)
2005 May 30: [A Great White Spot on Rhea](ap050530.html)
2005 May 29: [The Sagittarius Dwarf Tidal Stream](ap050529.html)
2005 May 28: [Himalayan Horizon From Space](ap050528.html)
2005 May 27: [Titan's Odd Spot](ap050527.html)
2005 May 26: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap050526.html)
2005 May 25: [Particle Sizes in Saturn's Rings](ap050525.html)
2005 May 24: [Swirls and Stars in IC 4678](ap050524.html)
2005 May 23: [A Wavemaker Moon in Saturn's Rings](ap050523.html)
2005 May 22: [The Dust and Ion Tails of Comet Hale-Bopp](ap050522.html)
2005 May 21: [Snake in the Dark](ap050521.html)
2005 May 20: [Aurora Iowa](ap050520.html)
2005 May 19: [X-Ray Stars in the Orion Nebula](ap050519.html)
2005 May 18: [Three Kilometers Above Titan](ap050518.html)
2005 May 17: [A Panorama of Mars from Larry's Lookout](ap050517.html)
2005 May 16: [Deep Impact Spacecraft Hurtles Toward Comet](ap050516.html)
2005 May 15: [On the Origin of Gold](ap050515.html)
2005 May 14: [NGC 3370: A Sharper View](ap050514.html)
2005 May 13: [When the Moon Was Young](ap050513.html)
2005 May 12: [Stars, Galaxies, and Comet Tempel 1](ap050512.html)
2005 May 11: [The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared](ap050511.html)
2005 May 10: [The First Image of an Extra Solar Planet](ap050510.html)
2005 May 09: [Stars, Dust and Nebula in NGC 6559](ap050509.html)
2005 May 08: [CMBR Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap050508.html)
2005 May 07: [NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap](ap050507.html)
2005 May 06: [Hybrid Solar Eclipse](ap050506.html)
2005 May 05: [Mira: The Wonderful Star](ap050505.html)
2005 May 04: [Cassini Spacecraft Crosses Saturns Ring Plane](ap050504.html)
2005 May 03: [Solar System Rising Over Fire Island](ap050503.html)
2005 May 02: [Methuselah Outcrop on Mars](ap050502.html)
2005 May 01: [Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula](ap050501.html)
2005 April 30: [The Moons of Earth](ap050430.html)
2005 April 29: [Small Moon Epimetheus](ap050429.html)
2005 April 28: [M51: Cosmic Whirlpool](ap050428.html)
2005 April 27: [The Hercules Cluster of Galaxies](ap050427.html)
2005 April 26: [A Martian Dust Devil Passes](ap050426.html)
2005 April 25: [The Fairy of Eagle Nebula](ap050425.html)
2005 April 24: [M16: Stars from Eagle's EGGs](ap050424.html)
2005 April 23: [Eclipsed Moon in Infrared](ap050423.html)
2005 April 22: [Albert Einstein's Miraculous Year](ap050422.html)
2005 April 21: [G21.5-0.9: A Supernova's Cosmic Shell](ap050421.html)
2005 April 20: [Barnard's Loop Around Orion](ap050420.html)
2005 April 19: [Orion in Infrared](ap050419.html)
2005 April 18: [Saturnian Moon and Rings](ap050418.html)
2005 April 17: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap050417.html)
2005 April 16: [Celebrating Hubble With NGC 6751](ap050416.html)
2005 April 15: [RCW 79: Stars in a Bubble](ap050415.html)
2005 April 14: [April's Moon and the Pleiades](ap050414.html)
2005 April 13: [A Window to the Once Secret Sky](ap050413.html)
2005 April 12: [Earth or Mars?](ap050412.html)
2005 April 11: [Clouds, Plane, Sun, Eclipse](ap050411.html)
2005 April 10: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap050410.html)
2005 April 09: [Inside The Elephant's Trunk](ap050409.html)
2005 April 08: [Sideways Galaxy NGC 3628](ap050408.html)
2005 April 07: [Solar Eclipse in View](ap050407.html)
2005 April 06: [The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap050406.html)
2005 April 05: [Light from a Distant Planet](ap050405.html)
2005 April 04: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap050404.html)
2005 April 03: [The Galactic Centre Radio Arc](ap050403.html)
2005 April 02: [Cyg X-1: Can Black Holes Form in the Dark?](ap050402.html)
2005 April 01: [Water on Mars](ap050401.html)
2005 March 31: [Gamma Ray Earth](ap050331.html)
2005 March 30: [ULXs in M74](ap050330.html)
2005 March 29: [Crescents of Titan and Dione](ap050329.html)
2005 March 28: [A Tether in Space](ap050328.html)
2005 March 27: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap050327.html)
2005 March 26: [Composite Crab](ap050326.html)
2005 March 25: [Huygens Discovers Luna Saturni](ap050325.html)
2005 March 24: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap050324.html)
2005 March 23: [A Dust Devil Swirling on Mars](ap050323.html)
2005 March 22: [To Fly Free in Space](ap050322.html)
2005 March 21: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap050321.html)
2005 March 20: [The Equal Night](ap050320.html)
2005 March 19: [NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog](ap050319.html)
2005 March 18: [Moon, Mercury, Monaco](ap050318.html)
2005 March 17: [Enceladus Close Up](ap050317.html)
2005 March 16: [Markarian's Chain of Galaxies](ap050316.html)
2005 March 15: [Steep Cliffs on Mars](ap050315.html)
2005 March 14: [The Fox Fur Nebula](ap050314.html)
2005 March 13: [A Message From Earth](ap050313.html)
2005 March 12: [Accretion Disk Simulation](ap050312.html)
2005 March 11: [Infrared Ring Nebula](ap050311.html)
2005 March 10: [NGC 1499: California Nebula](ap050310.html)
2005 March 09: [A Sun Halo Over Tennessee](ap050309.html)
2005 March 08: [Crater on Mimas](ap050308.html)
2005 March 07: [Mercury Over Leeds](ap050307.html)
2005 March 06: [The View from Everest](ap050306.html)
2005 March 05: [Tycho and Copernicus: Lunar Ray Craters](ap050305.html)
2005 March 04: [NGC 1427A: Galaxy in Motion](ap050304.html)
2005 March 03: [Still Life with NGC 2170](ap050303.html)
2005 March 02: [The Powerful Sumatra Andaman Islands Earthquake](ap050302.html)
2005 March 01: [NGC 1531/2: Interacting Galaxies](ap050301.html)
2005 February 28: [Unusual Plates on Mars](ap050228.html)
2005 February 27: [The Solar Spectrum](ap050227.html)
2005 February 26: [Frizion Illume](ap050226.html)
2005 February 25: [Saturn's Dragon Storm](ap050225.html)
2005 February 24: [Ski Enceladus](ap050224.html)
2005 February 23: [Voyage of an Antarctic Iceberg](ap050223.html)
2005 February 22: [Persistent Saturnian Auroras](ap050222.html)
2005 February 21: [Galactic Magnetar Throws Giant Flare](ap050221.html)
2005 February 20: [Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors](ap050220.html)
2005 February 19: [Saturnian Aurora](ap050219.html)
2005 February 18: [Big Dipper Castle](ap050218.html)
2005 February 17: [Melas, Candor, and Ophir: Valleys of Mariner](ap050217.html)
2005 February 16: [Sunspot Metamorphosis: From Bottom to Top](ap050216.html)
2005 February 15: [Saturn's Moon Rhea from Cassini](ap050215.html)
2005 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap050214.html)
2005 February 13: [In the Centre of the Virgo Cluster](ap050213.html)
2005 February 12: [NEAR at Eros: Before Touchdown](ap050212.html)
2005 February 11: [Blue Saturn](ap050211.html)
2005 February 10: [Red Saturn](ap050210.html)
2005 February 09: [Heat Shield Impact Crater on Mars](ap050209.html)
2005 February 08: [A Mysterious Streak Above Hawaii](ap050208.html)
2005 February 07: [A Telescope Laser Creates an Artificial Star](ap050207.html)
2005 February 06: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap050206.html)
2005 February 05: [The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz](ap050205.html)
2005 February 04: [V838 Mon: Light Echo Update](ap050204.html)
2005 February 03: [SMART-1: Pythagoras Crater](ap050203.html)
2005 February 02: [A Twisted Meteor Train](ap050202.html)
2005 February 01: [Saturn's Iapetus: Moon with a Strange Surface](ap050201.html)
2005 January 31: [NGC 2467: From Gas to Stars](ap050131.html)
2005 January 30: [The Holographic Principle](ap050130.html)
2005 January 29: [Southern Cross in Mauna Loa Skies](ap050129.html)
2005 January 28: [The Swarm](ap050128.html)
2005 January 27: [Shadow Set](ap050127.html)
2005 January 26: [First Launch of the Delta IV Heavy](ap050126.html)
2005 January 25: [NGC 6946: The Fireworks Galaxy](ap050125.html)
2005 January 24: [Riverbeds and Lakebeds Discovered on Saturn's Titan](ap050124.html)
2005 January 23: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap050123.html)
2005 January 22: [The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript](ap050122.html)
2005 January 21: [Metal on the Plains of Mars](ap050121.html)
2005 January 20: [A Waterspout off the Florida Keys](ap050120.html)
2005 January 19: [Eight Kilometers Above Titan](ap050119.html)
2005 January 18: [NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud](ap050118.html)
2005 January 17: [Titan Landscape](ap050117.html)
2005 January 16: [Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On](ap050116.html)
2005 January 15: [Huygens Images Titan's Surface](ap050115.html)
2005 January 14: [Descent to Titan](ap050114.html)
2005 January 13: [Infrared Trifid](ap050113.html)
2005 January 12: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap050112.html)
2005 January 11: [Machholz Meets the Pleiades](ap050111.html)
2005 January 10: [Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula](ap050110.html)
2005 January 09: [Jupiter's Rings Revealed](ap050109.html)
2005 January 08: [X-Ray Mystery in RCW 38](ap050108.html)
2005 January 07: [S is for Venus](ap050107.html)
2005 January 06: [UKIRT: Aloha Orion](ap050106.html)
2005 January 05: [Comet Machholz in View](ap050105.html)
2005 January 04: [Milky Way Illustrated](ap050104.html)
2005 January 03: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap050103.html)
2005 January 02: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap050102.html)
2005 January 01: [Manicouagan Impact Crater](ap050101.html)
2004 December 31: [A Year of Mars Roving](ap041231.html)
2004 December 30: [M81 and M82: GALEX Full Field](ap041230.html)
2004 December 29: [The Helix Nebula from Blanco and Hubble](ap041229.html)
2004 December 28: [Tentacles of the Tarantula Nebula](ap041228.html)
2004 December 27: [Andromeda's Core](ap041227.html)
2004 December 26: [GRO J165540: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole](ap041226.html)
2004 December 25: [Big Beautiful Saturn](ap041225.html)
2004 December 24: [Swift RocketCam](ap041224.html)
2004 December 23: [3C58: Pulsar Power](ap041223.html)
2004 December 22: [Comet, Meteor, Nebula, Star](ap041222.html)
2004 December 21: [Titan Disguised](ap041221.html)
2004 December 20: [Titan Surmised](ap041220.html)
2004 December 19: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap041219.html)
2004 December 18: [Europa: Ice Line](ap041218.html)
2004 December 17: [Prometheus and the Rings of Saturn](ap041217.html)
2004 December 16: [The Arms of NGC 7424](ap041216.html)
2004 December 15: [Looking Back Over Mars](ap041215.html)
2004 December 14: [Nearby Spiral M33](ap041214.html)
2004 December 13: [Announcing Comet Machholz](ap041213.html)
2004 December 12: [Atlantis to Orbit](ap041212.html)
2004 December 11: [M87's Energetic Jet](ap041211.html)
2004 December 10: [Debris Disks Surround Distant Suns](ap041210.html)
2004 December 09: [Jupiter and the Moon's Shadowed Horizon](ap041209.html)
2004 December 08: [In the Centre of the Heart Nebula](ap041208.html)
2004 December 07: [A Strange Streak Imaged in Australia](ap041207.html)
2004 December 06: [Filaments Across the Sun](ap041206.html)
2004 December 05: [Kembles Cascade](ap041205.html)
2004 December 04: [Reflecting Merope](ap041204.html)
2004 December 03: [I Zwicky 18: Young Galaxy](ap041203.html)
2004 December 02: [Mimas, Rings, and Shadows](ap041202.html)
2004 December 01: [Saturn's Moon Dione from Cassini](ap041201.html)
2004 November 30: [Lake Effect Snow on Earth](ap041130.html)
2004 November 29: [Saturn's Moon Tethys from Cassini](ap041129.html)
2004 November 28: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap041128.html)
2004 November 27: [NGC 2683: Spiral Edge On](ap041127.html)
2004 November 26: [Magnetars In The Sky](ap041126.html)
2004 November 25: [What the Hubble Saw](ap041125.html)
2004 November 24: [A Radar View of Titan](ap041124.html)
2004 November 23: [Leonid Meteors Streak](ap041123.html)
2004 November 22: [Swift Launches](ap041122.html)
2004 November 21: [Spiral Galaxies in Collision](ap041121.html)
2004 November 20: [Stereo Phobos](ap041120.html)
2004 November 19: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap041119.html)
2004 November 18: [A Sharper View of a Tilted Planet](ap041118.html)
2004 November 17: [Aurora Over Wisconsin](ap041117.html)
2004 November 16: [Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy](ap041116.html)
2004 November 15: [Burns Cliff on Mars](ap041115.html)
2004 November 14: [Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita](ap041114.html)
2004 November 13: [Moon Over Shiraz](ap041113.html)
2004 November 12: [Missouri's Green Ribbon Sky](ap041112.html)
2004 November 11: [Pastel Planet, Triple Eclipse](ap041111.html)
2004 November 10: [Leo A: Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxy](ap041110.html)
2004 November 09: [A Full Sky Multi Coloured Auroral Corona](ap041109.html)
2004 November 08: [Jupiter and Venus at Sunrise](ap041108.html)
2004 November 07: [The Galactic Centre in Infrared](ap041107.html)
2004 November 06: [X-Rays from the Galactic Core](ap041106.html)
2004 November 05: [Supernova Remnant Imaged in Gamma Rays](ap041105.html)
2004 November 04: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap041104.html)
2004 November 03: [A Time Lapse Lunar Eclipse](ap041103.html)
2004 November 02: [Storm Alley on Saturn](ap041102.html)
2004 November 01: [Spooky Star Forming Region DR 6](ap041101.html)
2004 October 31: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap041031.html)
2004 October 30: [Pumpkin Moon](ap041030.html)
2004 October 29: [Red Moon Triple](ap041029.html)
2004 October 28: [Tantalizing Titan](ap041028.html)
2004 October 27: [Total Lunar Eclipse Tonight](ap041027.html)
2004 October 26: [Titan Through the Haze](ap041026.html)
2004 October 25: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap041025.html)
2004 October 24: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap041024.html)
2004 October 23: [Surveyor Slides](ap041023.html)
2004 October 22: [SOFIA's Mirror](ap041022.html)
2004 October 21: [Apogee Moon, Perigee Moon](ap041021.html)
2004 October 20: [NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules](ap041020.html)
2004 October 19: [Old Planetary Dust Disks Found by SST](ap041019.html)
2004 October 18: [Southern Saturn from Cassini](ap041018.html)
2004 October 17: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap041017.html)
2004 October 16: [The Bubbling Cauldron of NGC 3079](ap041016.html)
2004 October 15: [Night MAGIC](ap041015.html)
2004 October 14: [Glimpse of a Globular Star Cluster](ap041014.html)
2004 October 13: [Contrail Clutter over Georgia](ap041013.html)
2004 October 12: [M3: Inconstant Star Cluster](ap041012.html)
2004 October 11: [Mosaic of Endurance Crater on Mars](ap041011.html)
2004 October 10: [Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet](ap041010.html)
2004 October 09: [The Averted Side Of The Moon](ap041009.html)
2004 October 08: [Kepler's SNR from Chandra, Hubble, Spitzer](ap041008.html)
2004 October 07: [Moon Lightning](ap041007.html)
2004 October 06: [N11: A Giant Ring of Emission Nebulas](ap041006.html)
2004 October 05: [SpaceShipOne Wins the X Prize](ap041005.html)
2004 October 04: [NGC 6823: Cloud Sculpting Star Cluster](ap041004.html)
2004 October 03: [Comet Hale Bopp and the North America Nebula](ap041003.html)
2004 October 02: [Toutatis Nears Planet Earth](ap041002.html)
2004 October 01: [Earth Nears Asteroid Toutatis](ap041001.html)
2004 September 30: [Crater Wall on Solis Planum](ap040930.html)
2004 September 29: [HUDF: Dawn of the Galaxies](ap040929.html)
2004 September 28: [Aurora Over a Communications Tower](ap040928.html)
2004 September 27: [The Great Nebula in Orion](ap040927.html)
2004 September 26: [Looking Back on an Eclipsed Earth](ap040926.html)
2004 September 25: [The Iron Sun](ap040925.html)
2004 September 24: [Fornax Cluster in Motion](ap040924.html)
2004 September 23: [La Silla's Starry Night](ap040923.html)
2004 September 22: [Spirit Rover at Engineering Flats on Mars](ap040922.html)
2004 September 21: [M24: A Sagittarius Starscape](ap040921.html)
2004 September 20: [Seeing Through Saturn's C Ring](ap040920.html)
2004 September 19: [Earth's North Magnetic Pole](ap040919.html)
2004 September 18: [M55: Globular Star Cluster](ap040918.html)
2004 September 17: [IC 1805: Light from the Heart](ap040917.html)
2004 September 16: [Microquasar in Motion](ap040916.html)
2004 September 15: [Above the Eye of Hurricane Ivan](ap040915.html)
2004 September 14: [Genesis Missions Hard Impact](ap040914.html)
2004 September 13: [Identify this Phenomenon](ap040913.html)
2004 September 12: [Mercury: A Cratered Inferno](ap040912.html)
2004 September 11: [The Star Trails of Kilimanjaro](ap040911.html)
2004 September 10: [Cat's Eye](ap040910.html)
2004 September 09: [Sagittarius Triplet](ap040909.html)
2004 September 08: [Molecular Torus Surrounds Black Hole](ap040908.html)
2004 September 07: [A Supernova in Nearby Galaxy NGC 2403](ap040907.html)
2004 September 06: [C153 Takes the Plunge](ap040906.html)
2004 September 05: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars](ap040905.html)
2004 September 04: [Neutron Mars](ap040904.html)
2004 September 03: [Hurricane Frances Approaches Florida](ap040903.html)
2004 September 02: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap040902.html)
2004 September 01: [An Inner Neptune for 55 Cancri](ap040901.html)
2004 August 31: [The Dotted Dunes of Mars](ap040831.html)
2004 August 30: [Announcing Comet C 2003 K4 LINEAR](ap040830.html)
2004 August 29: [Lunation](ap040829.html)
2004 August 28: [M17: A Hubble Close-Up](ap040828.html)
2004 August 27: [The Sedna Scenario](ap040827.html)
2004 August 26: [Cassiopeia A in a Million](ap040826.html)
2004 August 25: [Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn](ap040825.html)
2004 August 24: [Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station](ap040824.html)
2004 August 23: [Looking Out Over Mars](ap040823.html)
2004 August 22: [Earth at Night](ap040822.html)
2004 August 21: [Solar Sail](ap040821.html)
2004 August 20: [Raining Perseids](ap040820.html)
2004 August 19: [Windblown N44F](ap040819.html)
2004 August 18: [Lightning on Earth](ap040818.html)
2004 August 17: [The Unusual Blueberries at Bylot Rock](ap040817.html)
2004 August 16: [Close Up of the Lagoon Nebula](ap040816.html)
2004 August 15: [Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy](ap040815.html)
2004 August 14: [Messenger Launch](ap040814.html)
2004 August 13: [Perseid Fireball Over Japan](ap040813.html)
2004 August 12: [The Spectrum of A Meteor](ap040812.html)
2004 August 11: [A Perseid Meteor](ap040811.html)
2004 August 10: [The Double Haze above Titan](ap040810.html)
2004 August 09: [The Dark River to Antares](ap040809.html)
2004 August 08: [Contemplating the Sky](ap040808.html)
2004 August 07: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images](ap040807.html)
2004 August 06: [The Giant and the Glory](ap040806.html)
2004 August 05: [Emission Nebula IC 1396](ap040805.html)
2004 August 04: [Solar Arcs and Halos](ap040804.html)
2004 August 03: [Shadow of a Martian Robot](ap040803.html)
2004 August 02: [Spicules: Jets on the Sun](ap040802.html)
2004 August 01: [A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect](ap040801.html)
2004 July 31: [Tonight: A Blue Moon](ap040731.html)
2004 July 30: [Northern Lights](ap040730.html)
2004 July 29: [Melas Chasma](ap040729.html)
2004 July 28: [A Cygnus Star Field](ap040728.html)
2004 July 27: [Razorbacks in Endurance Crater](ap040727.html)
2004 July 26: [A Large Active Region Crosses the Sun](ap040726.html)
2004 July 25: [A Solar Filament Lifts Off](ap040725.html)
2004 July 24: [A String Of Pearls](ap040724.html)
2004 July 23: [Saturns Rings in Natural Colour](ap040723.html)
2004 July 22: [Aura Launch](ap040722.html)
2004 July 21: [A Shadow on the Rings of Saturn](ap040721.html)
2004 July 20: [Space Station, Venus, Sun](ap040720.html)
2004 July 19: [Attacking Mars](ap040719.html)
2004 July 18: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap040718.html)
2004 July 17: [Transit of Venus Stereogram](ap040717.html)
2004 July 16: [The Bubble](ap040716.html)
2004 July 15: [Stars and Dust in Corona Australis](ap040715.html)
2004 July 14: [Polar Polygons on Mars](ap040714.html)
2004 July 13: [Orion Nebula in Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur](ap040713.html)
2004 July 12: [Cassini Images Saturns A Ring](ap040712.html)
2004 July 11: [WMAP Resolves the Universe](ap040711.html)
2004 July 10: [Phoebe Craters in Stereo](ap040710.html)
2004 July 09: [Ringed Nebulae](ap040709.html)
2004 July 08: [Southern Cross Star Colours](ap040708.html)
2004 July 07: [N11B: Star Cloud of the LMC](ap040707.html)
2004 July 06: [Titan from Cassini in Infrared](ap040706.html)
2004 July 05: [Cassini Images Density Waves in Saturns Rings](ap040705.html)
2004 July 04: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap040704.html)
2004 July 03: [Cassini to Venus](ap040703.html)
2004 July 02: [The Encke Gap: A Moon Goes Here](ap040702.html)
2004 July 01: [NGC 7331: A Galaxy So Inclined](ap040701.html)
2004 June 30: [Phoebe: Comet Moon of Saturn](ap040630.html)
2004 June 29: [In the Centre of NGC 6559](ap040629.html)
2004 June 28: [Spirit Rover Reaches the Columbia Hills on Mars](ap040628.html)
2004 June 27: [Galaxy Cluster Abell 1689 Warps Space](ap040627.html)
2004 June 26: [Neptune: Still Springtime After All These Years](ap040626.html)
2004 June 25: [Planet Earth from SpaceShipOne](ap040625.html)
2004 June 24: [The Galaxy Within Centaurus A](ap040624.html)
2004 June 23: [A Picturesque Venus Transit](ap040623.html)
2004 June 22: [Unusual Spires Found on Comet Wild 2](ap040622.html)
2004 June 21: [Analemma Over Ancient Nemea](ap040621.html)
2004 June 20: [Solstice Celebration](ap040620.html)
2004 June 19: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap040619.html)
2004 June 18: [The Trifid Nebula from Hubble](ap040618.html)
2004 June 17: [Comet NEAT and the Beehive Cluster](ap040617.html)
2004 June 16: [Elliptical Galaxy M87](ap040616.html)
2004 June 15: [A Rare Annular Venusian Solar Eclipse](ap040615.html)
2004 June 14: [Unusual Layers on Saturn's Moon Phoebe](ap040614.html)
2004 June 13: [Volcano and Aurora in Iceland](ap040613.html)
2004 June 12: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap040612.html)
2004 June 11: [Venus and the Chromosphere](ap040611.html)
2004 June 10: [Venus at the Edge](ap040610.html)
2004 June 09: [Venus Transit at Sunrise](ap040609.html)
2004 June 08: [A Planet Transits the Sun](ap040608.html)
2004 June 07: [Mammatus Clouds Over Mexico](ap040607.html)
2004 June 06: [Mercury Spotting](ap040606.html)
2004 June 05: [Apollo 17's Lunar Rover](ap040605.html)
2004 June 04: [Sedna at Noon](ap040604.html)
2004 June 03: [Cosmic Construction Zone RCW 49](ap040603.html)
2004 June 02: [The Colourful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap040602.html)
2004 June 01: [The Supergalactic Wind from Starburst Galaxy M82](ap040601.html)
2004 May 31: [24 Million Kilometers to Saturn](ap040531.html)
2004 May 30: [Astronaut at Work](ap040530.html)
2004 May 29: [Cone Nebula Close Up](ap040529.html)
2004 May 28: [A Manhattan Sunset](ap040528.html)
2004 May 27: [Two Comets in Southern Skies](ap040527.html)
2004 May 26: [At the Summit of Olympus Mons](ap040526.html)
2004 May 25: [Moon Between the Stones](ap040525.html)
2004 May 24: [Planets Over Easter Island](ap040524.html)
2004 May 23: [Working in Space](ap040523.html)
2004 May 22: [X-Rays From Tycho's Supernova Remnant](ap040522.html)
2004 May 21: [Phases of Venus](ap040521.html)
2004 May 20: [Sharpless 140](ap040520.html)
2004 May 19: [Brain Crater on Mars](ap040519.html)
2004 May 18: [Comet NEAT (Q4) Over Indian Cove](ap040518.html)
2004 May 17: [NGC 3372: The Great Nebula in Carina](ap040517.html)
2004 May 16: [Venus: Earth's Cloudy Twin](ap040516.html)
2004 May 15: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail](ap040515.html)
2004 May 14: [Zubenelgenubi and Friends](ap040514.html)
2004 May 13: [Rungs of the Red Rectangle](ap040513.html)
2004 May 12: [The Tails of Comet NEAT Q4](ap040512.html)
2004 May 11: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap040511.html)
2004 May 10: [Endurance Crater on Mars](ap040510.html)
2004 May 09: [Antares and Rho Ophiuchi](ap040509.html)
2004 May 08: [Good Morning Sydney](ap040508.html)
2004 May 07: [Look West for a NEAT Comet](ap040507.html)
2004 May 06: [A Lunar Eclipse Mosaic](ap040506.html)
2004 May 05: [NGC 6302: Big Bright Bug Nebula](ap040505.html)
2004 May 04: [Missoula Crater on Mars](ap040504.html)
2004 May 03: [Comets Bradfield and LINEAR Rising](ap040503.html)
2004 May 02: [Io in True Colour](ap040502.html)
2004 May 01: [A Western Sky at Twilight](ap040501.html)
2004 April 30: [Eyeful of Saturn](ap040430.html)
2004 April 29: [Titan's X-Ray](ap040429.html)
2004 April 28: [The Smooth Spheres of Gravity Probe B](ap040428.html)
2004 April 27: [Comet Bradfield Rising](ap040427.html)
2004 April 26: [Ring Galaxy AM 0644 741 from Hubble](ap040426.html)
2004 April 25: [D rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts](ap040425.html)
2004 April 24: [M27: Not A Comet](ap040424.html)
2004 April 23: [Comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)](ap040423.html)
2004 April 22: [Comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)](ap040422.html)
2004 April 21: [Nebulas Surrounding Wolf Rayet Binary](ap040421.html)
2004 April 20: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Indian Cove](ap040420.html)
2004 April 19: [Comet Bradfield Passes the Sun](ap040419.html)
2004 April 18: [Stellar Spectral Types: OBAFGKM](ap040418.html)
2004 April 17: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap040417.html)
2004 April 16: [The Stars of NGC 300](ap040416.html)
2004 April 15: [Venus and the Pleiades](ap040415.html)
2004 April 14: [Massive Star Forming Region DR21 in Infrared](ap040414.html)
2004 April 13: [An Iridescent Cloud Over France](ap040413.html)
2004 April 12: [Apollo 17 Panorama: Astronaut Running](ap040412.html)
2004 April 11: [Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy](ap040411.html)
2004 April 10: [Facing NGC 6946](ap040410.html)
2004 April 09: [NGC 4565: Galaxy on the Edge](ap040409.html)
2004 April 08: [Elusive Jellyfish Nebula](ap040408.html)
2004 April 07: [Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66](ap040407.html)
2004 April 06: [Unusually Strong Cyclone Off the Brazilian Coast](ap040406.html)
2004 April 05: [A Berry Bowl of Martian Spherules](ap040405.html)
2004 April 04: [The Lost World of Lake Vida](ap040404.html)
2004 April 03: [A Mystery in Gamma Rays](ap040403.html)
2004 April 02: [Mercury and Venus in the West](ap040402.html)
2004 April 01: [April Fools Day More Intense On Mars](ap040401.html)
2004 March 31: [M39: Open Cluster in Cygnus](ap040331.html)
2004 March 30: [A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO](ap040330.html)
2004 March 29: [NASA's X 43A Scramjet Sets Air Speed Record](ap040329.html)
2004 March 28: [Stars and the Bubble Nebula](ap040328.html)
2004 March 27: [Mir Dreams](ap040327.html)
2004 March 26: [Moon and Planets Sky](ap040326.html)
2004 March 25: [An Orion of a Different Colour](ap040325.html)
2004 March 24: [Intriguing Dimples Near Eagle Crater on Mars](ap040324.html)
2004 March 23: [Lava Flows on Venus](ap040323.html)
2004 March 22: [Asteroid 2004 FH Whizzes By](ap040322.html)
2004 March 21: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap040321.html)
2004 March 20: [Equinox + 1](ap040320.html)
2004 March 19: [Going Wild](ap040319.html)
2004 March 18: [Spirit Pan from Bonneville Crater's Edge](ap040318.html)
2004 March 17: [Redshift 10: Evidence for a New Farthest Galaxy](ap040317.html)
2004 March 16: [Sedna of the Outer Solar System](ap040316.html)
2004 March 15: [The Orion Nebula from CFHT](ap040315.html)
2004 March 14: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap040314.html)
2004 March 13: [A Cerro Tololo Sky](ap040313.html)
2004 March 12: [X-Ray Saturn](ap040312.html)
2004 March 11: [Henize 206: Cosmic Generations](ap040311.html)
2004 March 10: [Humphrey Rock Indicates Ancient Martian Water](ap040310.html)
2004 March 09: [The Hubble Ultra Deep Field](ap040309.html)
2004 March 08: [Moon and Venus over Corona Del Mar Beach](ap040308.html)
2004 March 07: [An Anomalous SETI Signal](ap040307.html)
2004 March 06: [N49's Cosmic Blast](ap040306.html)
2004 March 05: [V838 Mon: Echoes from the Edge](ap040305.html)
2004 March 04: [Cold Mountain Sky](ap040304.html)
2004 March 03: [Opportunity Rover Indicates Ancient Mars Was Wet](ap040303.html)
2004 March 02: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap040302.html)
2004 March 01: [Cassini Closes in on Saturn](ap040301.html)
2004 February 29: [Julius Caesar and Leap Days](ap040229.html)
2004 February 28: [POX 186: Not So Long Ago](ap040228.html)
2004 February 27: [Rumors of a Strange Universe](ap040227.html)
2004 February 26: [Galaxy Cluster in the Early Universe](ap040226.html)
2004 February 25: [White Boat Rock on Mars](ap040225.html)
2004 February 24: [X-Rays Indicate Star Ripped Up by Black Hole](ap040224.html)
2004 February 23: [Heaven on Earth](ap040223.html)
2004 February 22: [The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap040222.html)
2004 February 21: [The Spiral Arms of NGC 4622](ap040221.html)
2004 February 20: [SN1987A's Cosmic Pearls](ap040220.html)
2004 February 19: [McNeil's Nebula](ap040219.html)
2004 February 18: [Anvil Cloud Over Sicily](ap040218.html)
2004 February 17: [Galaxy Cluster Lenses Farthest Known Galaxy](ap040217.html)
2004 February 16: [A Patch of Spherules on Mars](ap040216.html)
2004 February 15: [A Spherule from the Earth's Moon](ap040215.html)
2004 February 14: [Solar System Portrait](ap040214.html)
2004 February 13: [NGC 613: Spiral of Dust and Stars](ap040213.html)
2004 February 12: [Supernova Survivor](ap040212.html)
2004 February 11: [M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy](ap040211.html)
2004 February 10: [Unusual Spherules on Mars](ap040210.html)
2004 February 09: [Announcing Comet C 2002 T7 LINEAR](ap040209.html)
2004 February 08: [In the Centre of the Omega Nebula](ap040208.html)
2004 February 07: [NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula](ap040207.html)
2004 February 06: [Magnified Mars](ap040206.html)
2004 February 05: [NGC 1569: Starburst in a Small Galaxy](ap040205.html)
2004 February 04: [Opportunity's Horizon](ap040204.html)
2004 February 03: [X-Rays From Antennae Galaxies](ap040203.html)
2004 February 02: [The Tarantula Nebula from Spitzer](ap040202.html)
2004 February 01: [M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap040201.html)
2004 January 31: [A Galaxy is not a Comet](ap040131.html)
2004 January 30: [X-Ray Rings Expand from a Gamma Ray Burst](ap040130.html)
2004 January 29: [Valles Marineris Perspective from Mars Express](ap040129.html)
2004 January 28: [The Crab Nebula from CFHT](ap040128.html)
2004 January 27: [Opportunity on Mars](ap040127.html)
2004 January 26: [A Landing at Meridiani Planum](ap040126.html)
2004 January 25: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap040125.html)
2004 January 24: [Valles Marineris from Mars Express](ap040124.html)
2004 January 23: [NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy](ap040123.html)
2004 January 22: [Columbia Memorial Station](ap040122.html)
2004 January 21: [Adirondack Rock on Mars](ap040121.html)
2004 January 20: [Unexpected Galaxy String in the Early Universe](ap040120.html)
2004 January 19: [STARDUST Flyby of Comet Wild 2](ap040119.html)
2004 January 18: [A Close-Up of Martian Soil](ap040118.html)
2004 January 17: [Saturn: Lord of the Rings](ap040117.html)
2004 January 16: [Martian Surface in Perspective](ap040116.html)
2004 January 15: [An Orion Deep Field](ap040115.html)
2004 January 14: [A Mars Panorama from the Spirit Rover](ap040114.html)
2004 January 13: [An Apollo 15 Panorama](ap040113.html)
2004 January 12: [A Hole Punch Cloud Over Alabama](ap040112.html)
2004 January 11: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap040111.html)
2004 January 10: [Two Worlds, One Sun](ap040110.html)
2004 January 09: [Sol 5 Postcard from Mars](ap040109.html)
2004 January 08: [The Hills of Mars](ap040108.html)
2004 January 07: [Red Mars from Spirit](ap040107.html)
2004 January 06: [Spirit's 3D View Toward Sleepy Hollow](ap040106.html)
2004 January 05: [Spirit Pan from Gusev Crater](ap040105.html)
2004 January 04: [Spirit Rover Bounces Down on Mars](ap040104.html)
2004 January 03: [Comet Wild 2's Nucleus from Stardust](ap040103.html)
2004 January 02: [An Apollo 12 Panorama](ap040102.html)
2004 January 01: [Structure in N63A](ap040101.html)
2003 December 31: [A Year of Resolving Cosmology](ap031231.html)
2003 December 30: [A Dust Devil Crater on Mars](ap031230.html)
2003 December 29: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap031229.html)
2003 December 28: [Trifid Pillars and Jets](ap031228.html)
2003 December 27: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap031227.html)
2003 December 26: [Young Star, Dark Cloud](ap031226.html)
2003 December 25: [Venus and the 37 Hour Moon](ap031225.html)
2003 December 24: [Layered Hills on Mars](ap031224.html)
2003 December 23: [Comet Encke Returns](ap031223.html)
2003 December 22: [The Andromeda Galaxy from GALEX](ap031222.html)
2003 December 21: [N159 and the Papillon Nebula](ap031221.html)
2003 December 20: [The Flight of Helios](ap031220.html)
2003 December 19: [Inside The Elephant's Trunk](ap031219.html)
2003 December 18: [Express to Mars](ap031218.html)
2003 December 17: [A Proton Aurora](ap031217.html)
2003 December 16: [Retrograde Mars](ap031216.html)
2003 December 15: [Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158](ap031215.html)
2003 December 14: [Close up of the Face on Mars](ap031214.html)
2003 December 13: [A Flock of Stars](ap031213.html)
2003 December 12: [Full Moondark](ap031212.html)
2003 December 11: [Arp 81: 100 Million Years Later](ap031211.html)
2003 December 10: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap031210.html)
2003 December 09: [NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery](ap031209.html)
2003 December 08: [An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse](ap031208.html)
2003 December 07: [The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble](ap031207.html)
2003 December 06: [Jaipur Observatory Sundial](ap031206.html)
2003 December 05: [Startling Star V838 Mon](ap031205.html)
2003 December 04: [New Horizons at Jupiter](ap031204.html)
2003 December 03: [Moonrise Through Mauna Kea's Shadow](ap031203.html)
2003 December 02: [NGC 869 and NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster](ap031202.html)
2003 December 01: [A Lenticular Cloud Over Hawaii](ap031201.html)
2003 November 30: [A Venus Landing](ap031130.html)
2003 November 29: [Phobos Over Mars](ap031129.html)
2003 November 28: [The Most Distant X Ray Jet](ap031128.html)
2003 November 27: [The Long Shadow of the Moon](ap031127.html)
2003 November 26: [The Turbulent Neighborhood of Eta Carina](ap031126.html)
2003 November 25: [A Late Leonid from a Sparse Shower](ap031125.html)
2003 November 24: [IC 405: The Flaming Star Nebula](ap031124.html)
2003 November 23: [A Superwind from the Cigar Galaxy](ap031123.html)
2003 November 22: [Moon AND Sun](ap031122.html)
2003 November 21: [Sunset Moonlight](ap031121.html)
2003 November 20: [Voyager at 90 AU](ap031120.html)
2003 November 19: [Light Can Twist as Well as Spin](ap031119.html)
2003 November 18: [Leonids Over Indian Cove](ap031118.html)
2003 November 17: [Canis Major Dwarf: A New Closest Galaxy](ap031117.html)
2003 November 16: [Leonids from Leo](ap031116.html)
2003 November 15: [LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide](ap031115.html)
2003 November 14: [Jupiter Portrait](ap031114.html)
2003 November 13: [Aurora Oklahoma](ap031113.html)
2003 November 12: [Mars Then and Now](ap031112.html)
2003 November 11: [Eclipsed Moonlight from Connelly's Springs](ap031111.html)
2003 November 10: [An Intermediate Polar Binary System](ap031110.html)
2003 November 09: [Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation](ap031109.html)
2003 November 08: [Eclipsed Moon in Infrared](ap031108.html)
2003 November 07: [November's Lunar Eclipse](ap031107.html)
2003 November 06: [Flare Well AR 10486](ap031106.html)
2003 November 05: [The Lynx Arc](ap031105.html)
2003 November 04: [Aurora Over Edmonton](ap031104.html)
2003 November 03: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3982 Before Supernova](ap031103.html)
2003 November 02: [A Giant Starspot on HD 12545](ap031102.html)
2003 November 01: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap031101.html)
2003 October 31: [A Dark and Stormy Night](ap031031.html)
2003 October 30: [Aurora in Colorado Skies](ap031030.html)
2003 October 29: [A Powerful Solar Flare](ap031029.html)
2003 October 28: [The SDSS 3D Universe Map](ap031028.html)
2003 October 27: [Large Sunspot Groups 10484 and 10486](ap031027.html)
2003 October 26: [M16: Stars from Eagles EGGs](ap031026.html)
2003 October 25: [Islands in the Photosphere](ap031025.html)
2003 October 24: [Mars Moons](ap031024.html)
2003 October 23: [Cygnus Nebulosities](ap031023.html)
2003 October 22: [The Heart and Soul Nebulas](ap031022.html)
2003 October 21: [The Belt of Venus over the Valley of the Moon](ap031021.html)
2003 October 20: [Neptune and Triton from Palomar](ap031020.html)
2003 October 19: [An Unusual Globule in IC 1396](ap031019.html)
2003 October 18: [The Last Moon Shot](ap031018.html)
2003 October 17: [Astronomy Quilt of the Week](ap031017.html)
2003 October 16: [NGC 6888: X-Rays in the Wind](ap031016.html)
2003 October 15: [Space Rock SQ222 Noticed After Pass](ap031015.html)
2003 October 14: [Iridescent Clouds Over Aiguille de la Tsa](ap031014.html)
2003 October 13: [Pelican Nebula Ionization Front](ap031013.html)
2003 October 12: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap031012.html)
2003 October 11: [Moonrise Over Seattle](ap031011.html)
2003 October 10: [Peculiar Arp 295](ap031010.html)
2003 October 09: [Radio Jupiter](ap031009.html)
2003 October 08: [The Sombrero Galaxy from HST](ap031008.html)
2003 October 07: [The Colourful Horsehead Nebula](ap031007.html)
2003 October 06: [A Near Record Ozone Hole in 2003](ap031006.html)
2003 October 05: [Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3](ap031005.html)
2003 October 04: [X-Ray Moon](ap031004.html)
2003 October 03: [Cold Comet Halley](ap031003.html)
2003 October 02: [Reflections on the 1970s](ap031002.html)
2003 October 01: [An Unusual Event Over South Wales](ap031001.html)
2003 September 30: [The Sagittarius Dwarf Tidal Stream](ap030930.html)
2003 September 29: [Aurora Over the Chugach Mountains](ap030929.html)
2003 September 28: [Our Galaxy in Stars, Gas, and Dust](ap030928.html)
2003 September 27: [Surveyor Slides](ap030927.html)
2003 September 26: [IC1340 in the Eastern Veil](ap030926.html)
2003 September 25: [Logarithmic Spirals Isabel and M51](ap030925.html)
2003 September 24: [M33: Spiral Galaxy in Triangulum](ap030924.html)
2003 September 23: [Egging On the Autumnal Equinox](ap030923.html)
2003 September 22: [Opportunity Rockets Toward Mars](ap030922.html)
2003 September 21: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap030921.html)
2003 September 20: [Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun](ap030920.html)
2003 September 19: [Galileo's Europa](ap030919.html)
2003 September 18: [Saturn by Three](ap030918.html)
2003 September 17: [The 2MASS Galaxy Sky](ap030917.html)
2003 September 16: [Hurricane Isabel Approaches](ap030916.html)
2003 September 15: [Globular Cluster M3](ap030915.html)
2003 September 14: [The Crab Nebula from VLT](ap030914.html)
2003 September 13: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap030913.html)
2003 September 12: [A Note on the Perseus Cluster](ap030912.html)
2003 September 11: [NGC 3370: A Sharper View](ap030911.html)
2003 September 10: [Aurora Over Clouds](ap030910.html)
2003 September 09: [A Gemini Sky](ap030909.html)
2003 September 08: [Stars and Dust of the Lagoon Nebula](ap030908.html)
2003 September 07: [The Galactic Centre in Infrared](ap030907.html)
2003 September 06: [Jupiter Unpeeled](ap030906.html)
2003 September 05: [SIRTF Streak](ap030905.html)
2003 September 04: [Composite Crab](ap030904.html)
2003 September 03: [Galactic Supernova Remnant IC 443](ap030903.html)
2003 September 02: [Contemplating Mars](ap030902.html)
2003 September 01: [A Beautiful Trifid](ap030901.html)
2003 August 31: [The View from Everest](ap030831.html)
2003 August 30: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap030830.html)
2003 August 29: [The Mineral Moon](ap030829.html)
2003 August 28: [Mars Rising Behind Elephant Rock](ap030828.html)
2003 August 27: [Big Mars from Hubble](ap030827.html)
2003 August 26: [Earth Webcam Catches Mars Rotation](ap030826.html)
2003 August 25: [The Northern Milky Way](ap030825.html)
2003 August 24: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap030824.html)
2003 August 23: [The Tarantula Zone](ap030823.html)
2003 August 22: [Shadow Rise](ap030822.html)
2003 August 21: [X-Rays from M17](ap030821.html)
2003 August 20: [The E Nebula in Aquila](ap030820.html)
2003 August 19: [Mars Through a Small Telescope](ap030819.html)
2003 August 18: [Bright Lights, Dark City](ap030818.html)
2003 August 17: [Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise](ap030817.html)
2003 August 16: [Thackeray's Globules](ap030816.html)
2003 August 15: [Sedimentary Mars](ap030815.html)
2003 August 14: [Dark Matter Map](ap030814.html)
2003 August 13: [Mars Rising Behind Poodle Rock](ap030813.html)
2003 August 12: [X-rays from Stephan's Quintet](ap030812.html)
2003 August 11: [Elements of the Swan Nebula](ap030811.html)
2003 August 10: [Lunation](ap030810.html)
2003 August 09: [A Perseid Aurora](ap030809.html)
2003 August 08: [Blue Stragglers in NGC 6397](ap030808.html)
2003 August 07: [Palomar at Night](ap030807.html)
2003 August 06: [Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A](ap030806.html)
2003 August 05: [Shuttle Ferry](ap030805.html)
2003 August 04: [In the Centre of the Virgo Cluster](ap030804.html)
2003 August 03: [Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos](ap030803.html)
2003 August 02: [Island Universe, Cosmic Sand](ap030802.html)
2003 August 01: [Moons and Bright Mars](ap030801.html)
2003 July 31: [Galaxy Group HCG 87](ap030731.html)
2003 July 30: [Frosty Mountains on Mars](ap030730.html)
2003 July 29: [Orange Sun Simmering](ap030729.html)
2003 July 28: [Launch of the Spirit Rover Toward Mars](ap030728.html)
2003 July 27: [The Aquarius Dwarf](ap030727.html)
2003 July 26: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 7742](ap030726.html)
2003 July 25: [Dumbbell Nebula Halo](ap030725.html)
2003 July 24: [Mars at the Moon's Edge](ap030724.html)
2003 July 23: [GRACE Maps the Gravity of Earth](ap030723.html)
2003 July 22: [A Tornado on Planet Earth](ap030722.html)
2003 July 21: [IC 4603: Reflection Nebula in Ophiuchius](ap030721.html)
2003 July 20: [An Ion Drive for Deep Space 1](ap030720.html)
2003 July 19: [NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group](ap030719.html)
2003 July 18: [The Planet, the White Dwarf, and the Neutron Star](ap030718.html)
2003 July 17: [The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap030717.html)
2003 July 16: [Mars' Simulated View](ap030716.html)
2003 July 15: [Mars Rising Through Arch Rock](ap030715.html)
2003 July 14: [The Satellites that Surround Earth](ap030714.html)
2003 July 13: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap030713.html)
2003 July 12: [X-Ray Milky Way](ap030712.html)
2003 July 11: [NGC 1068 and the X-Ray Flashlight](ap030711.html)
2003 July 10: [Dust Storm Over Northern Mars](ap030710.html)
2003 July 09: [HD70642: A Star with Similar Planets](ap030709.html)
2003 July 08: [Mt Anatahan Erupts](ap030708.html)
2003 July 07: [At the Edge of the Sun](ap030707.html)
2003 July 06: [Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close](ap030706.html)
2003 July 05: [X-Rays from an Active Galaxy](ap030705.html)
2003 July 04: [N49's Cosmic Blast](ap030704.html)
2003 July 03: [The Vela Pulsar's Dynamic Jet](ap030703.html)
2003 July 02: [Aurora Over Cape Cod](ap030702.html)
2003 July 01: [Martian Moon Phobos from MGS](ap030701.html)
2003 June 30: [Disappearing Clouds in Carina](ap030630.html)
2003 June 29: [The Solar Spectrum](ap030629.html)
2003 June 28: [Messiers and Mars](ap030628.html)
2003 June 27: [SpaceShipOne](ap030627.html)
2003 June 26: [Martian Analemma](ap030626.html)
2003 June 25: [Galaxies in the GOODS](ap030625.html)
2003 June 24: [The Sun's Surface in 3D](ap030624.html)
2003 June 23: [KamLAND Verifies the Sun](ap030623.html)
2003 June 22: [Massive Stars of 30 Doradus](ap030622.html)
2003 June 21: [A Crescent Earth at Midnight](ap030621.html)
2003 June 20: [Snake in the Dark](ap030620.html)
2003 June 19: [The Moon Maiden](ap030619.html)
2003 June 18: [Clouds and the Moon Move to Block the Sun](ap030618.html)
2003 June 17: [The Bubble Nebula from NOAO](ap030617.html)
2003 June 16: [APOD Turns Eight](ap030616.html)
2003 June 15: [Noctilucent Clouds](ap030615.html)
2003 June 14: [The Planetary Nebula Show](ap030614.html)
2003 June 13: [Neptune: Still Springtime After All These Years](ap030613.html)
2003 June 12: [Cyg X-1: Can Black Holes Form in the Dark?](ap030612.html)
2003 June 11: [Two Million Galaxies](ap030611.html)
2003 June 10: [Zooming in on the First Stars](ap030610.html)
2003 June 09: [The Pencil Nebula Supernova Shockwave](ap030609.html)
2003 June 08: [Rhea: Saturn's Second Largest Moon](ap030608.html)
2003 June 07: [Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510-13](ap030607.html)
2003 June 06: [Sun, Moon, Hot Air Balloon](ap030606.html)
2003 June 05: [Ring of Fire from Cape Wrath](ap030605.html)
2003 June 04: [Eclipse in the Mist](ap030604.html)
2003 June 03: [The Milky Way Behind an Eclipsed Moon](ap030603.html)
2003 June 02: [The Fogs of Mars](ap030602.html)
2003 June 01: [GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole](ap030601.html)
2003 May 31: [NGC 1818: Pick A Star](ap030531.html)
2003 May 30: [Ring of Fire Revisited](ap030530.html)
2003 May 29: [Frizion Illume](ap030529.html)
2003 May 28: [SNR 0103-72.6: Oxygen Supply](ap030528.html)
2003 May 27: [A Mercury Transit Sequence](ap030527.html)
2003 May 26: [The Earth and Moon from Mars](ap030526.html)
2003 May 25: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 Almost Sideways](ap030525.html)
2003 May 24: [M74: The Perfect Spiral](ap030524.html)
2003 May 23: [Eclipsed Moon and Stars](ap030523.html)
2003 May 22: [Eclipsed Moon Montage](ap030522.html)
2003 May 21: [Copper Moon, Golden Gate](ap030521.html)
2003 May 20: [A Primordial Quasar](ap030520.html)
2003 May 19: [The Andromeda Deep Field](ap030519.html)
2003 May 18: [The Holographic Principle](ap030518.html)
2003 May 17: [Dark Sky, Bright Sun](ap030517.html)
2003 May 16: [A Tale of Two Nebulae](ap030516.html)
2003 May 15: [Moon Slide Slim](ap030515.html)
2003 May 14: [The North Pole of Venus](ap030514.html)
2003 May 13: [Mercury Transits the Sun](ap030513.html)
2003 May 12: [In the Vicinity of the Cone Nebula](ap030512.html)
2003 May 11: [M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT](ap030511.html)
2003 May 10: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap030510.html)
2003 May 09: [International Space Station in Transit](ap030509.html)
2003 May 08: [Mercury Spotting](ap030508.html)
2003 May 07: [The Southern Sky from the International Space Station](ap030507.html)
2003 May 06: [A Chicago Meteorite Fall](ap030506.html)
2003 May 05: [NGC 1275: A Galactic Collision](ap030505.html)
2003 May 04: [A Sonic Boom](ap030504.html)
2003 May 03: [Denizen of the Tarantula Nebula](ap030503.html)
2003 May 02: [Five to Mars](ap030502.html)
2003 May 01: [The Energetic Jet from Centaurus A](ap030501.html)
2003 April 30: [A Lenticular Cloud Over New Hampshire](ap030430.html)
2003 April 29: [In the Centre of the Rosette Nebula](ap030429.html)
2003 April 28: [Rollout of a Soyuz TMA 2 Rocket](ap030428.html)
2003 April 27: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap030427.html)
2003 April 26: [Big Blue Marble Earth](ap030426.html)
2003 April 25: [M17: A Hubble Close-Up](ap030425.html)
2003 April 24: [Earth at Twilight](ap030424.html)
2003 April 23: [The Stars of NGC 1705](ap030423.html)
2003 April 22: [Springtime on Mars](ap030422.html)
2003 April 21: [A Halo Around the Moon](ap030421.html)
2003 April 20: [The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant](ap030420.html)
2003 April 19: [Spiral Galaxy In Centaurus](ap030419.html)
2003 April 18: [Double Eruptive Prominences](ap030418.html)
2003 April 17: [M106 in Canes Venatici](ap030417.html)
2003 April 16: [Magma Bubbles from Mt Etna](ap030416.html)
2003 April 15: [A Crescent Nebula Star Field](ap030415.html)
2003 April 14: [A Gamma Ray Burst Supernova Connection](ap030414.html)
2003 April 13: [NGC 1365: A Nearby Barred Spiral Galaxy](ap030413.html)
2003 April 12: [Mercury on the Horizon](ap030412.html)
2003 April 11: [London at Night](ap030411.html)
2003 April 10: [Energized Nebula in the LMC](ap030410.html)
2003 April 09: [The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light](ap030409.html)
2003 April 08: [Aurora from Space](ap030408.html)
2003 April 07: [NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules](ap030407.html)
2003 April 06: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap030406.html)
2003 April 05: [The Seasons of Saturn](ap030405.html)
2003 April 04: [Clusters and Nebulae of the Hexagon](ap030404.html)
2003 April 03: [Jupiter in the Hive](ap030403.html)
2003 April 02: [V838 Light Echo: The Movie](ap030402.html)
2003 April 01: [A New Constellation Takes Hold](ap030401.html)
2003 March 31: [Mt Etna Lava Plumes](ap030331.html)
2003 March 30: [Beijing Ancient Observatory](ap030330.html)
2003 March 29: [The Shadow of Phobos](ap030329.html)
2003 March 28: [1006 AD: Supernova in the Sky](ap030328.html)
2003 March 27: [Light Echoes from V838 Mon](ap030327.html)
2003 March 26: [A Lenticular Cloud Over Wyoming](ap030326.html)
2003 March 25: [A Slow Explosion](ap030325.html)
2003 March 24: [A Digital Sunset Over Europe and Africa](ap030324.html)
2003 March 23: [Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System](ap030323.html)
2003 March 22: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap030322.html)
2003 March 21: [Stars and Planets in the Halo of the Moon](ap030321.html)
2003 March 20: [Sunrise Analemma](ap030320.html)
2003 March 19: [Jupiter's Great Dark Spot](ap030319.html)
2003 March 18: [Coronal Holes on the Sun](ap030318.html)
2003 March 17: [SN 1006: History's Brightest Supernova](ap030317.html)
2003 March 16: [NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy](ap030316.html)
2003 March 15: [Apollo 12: Self-Portrait](ap030315.html)
2003 March 14: [DEM L71: When Small Stars Explode](ap030314.html)
2003 March 13: [WIRO at Jupiter](ap030313.html)
2003 March 12: [Lunar Farside from Apollo 11](ap030312.html)
2003 March 11: [Iridescent clouds](ap030311.html)
2003 March 10: [M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy](ap030310.html)
2003 March 09: [Farewell Jupiter](ap030309.html)
2003 March 08: [Solar Sail](ap030308.html)
2003 March 07: [The Star Trails of Kilimanjaro](ap030307.html)
2003 March 06: [Comet NEAT in Southern Skies](ap030306.html)
2003 March 05: [Where People Live on Planet Earth](ap030305.html)
2003 March 04: [In the Centre of the Lagoon Nebula](ap030304.html)
2003 March 03: [Will the Universe End in a Big Rip?](ap030303.html)
2003 March 02: [In the Centre of the Trapezium](ap030302.html)
2003 March 01: [Stereo Eros](ap030301.html)
2003 February 28: [Fox Fur, the Unicorn, and a Christmas Tree](ap030228.html)
2003 February 27: [When Moons and Shadows Dance](ap030227.html)
2003 February 26: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Horseshoe Canyon](ap030226.html)
2003 February 25: [M42: Wisps of the Orion Nebula](ap030225.html)
2003 February 24: [Comet NEAT Passes an Erupting Sun](ap030224.html)
2003 February 23: [A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence](ap030223.html)
2003 February 22: [Infrared Saturn](ap030222.html)
2003 February 21: [Melting Snow and the Gullies of Mars](ap030221.html)
2003 February 20: [Cold Wind from the Boomerang Nebula](ap030220.html)
2003 February 19: [Pauli Exclusion Principle: Why You Don't Implode](ap030219.html)
2003 February 18: [Candor and Ophir Chasmata](ap030218.html)
2003 February 17: [Universe Age from the Microwave Background](ap030217.html)
2003 February 16: [Southwest Mercury](ap030216.html)
2003 February 15: [Happy Birthday Jules Verne](ap030215.html)
2003 February 14: [The Heart in NGC 346](ap030214.html)
2003 February 13: [The Eagle Nebula from CFHT](ap030213.html)
2003 February 12: [WMAP Resolves the Universe](ap030212.html)
2003 February 11: [Dumbbell Nebula Close Up from Hubble](ap030211.html)
2003 February 10: [Comet NEAT Approaches the Sun](ap030210.html)
2003 February 09: [COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap030209.html)
2003 February 08: [AB Aurigae: How To Make Planets](ap030208.html)
2003 February 07: [Orion on Film](ap030207.html)
2003 February 06: [X-Rays from M83](ap030206.html)
2003 February 05: [Unusual Gullies and Channels on Mars](ap030205.html)
2003 February 04: [Wisps of the Veil Nebula](ap030204.html)
2003 February 03: [Space Shuttle and Crew Lost During Re-Entry](ap030203.html)
2003 February 02: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap030202.html)
2003 February 01: [The Nebula And The Neutron Star](ap030201.html)
2003 January 31: [Auroral Rocket Launch](ap030131.html)
2003 January 30: [Comet Kudo-Fujikawa: Days in the Sun](ap030130.html)
2003 January 29: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap030129.html)
2003 January 28: [The Lost World of Lake Vida](ap030128.html)
2003 January 27: [BHR 71: Stars, Clouds, and Jets](ap030127.html)
2003 January 26: [The Lyman Alpha Forest](ap030126.html)
2003 January 25: [Palomar 13's Last Stand](ap030125.html)
2003 January 24: [Seyfert's Sextet](ap030124.html)
2003 January 23: [Launch of the Sun Pillar](ap030123.html)
2003 January 22: [M11: The Wild Duck Cluster](ap030122.html)
2003 January 21: [The Reflecting Dust Clouds of Orion](ap030121.html)
2003 January 20: [Io at Sunset](ap030120.html)
2003 January 19: [Fullerenes as Miniature Cosmic Time Capsules](ap030119.html)
2003 January 18: [Filaments in the Cygnus Loop](ap030118.html)
2003 January 17: [Stars and the Bubble Nebula](ap030117.html)
2003 January 16: [NGC 1700: Elliptical Galaxy and Rotating Disk](ap030116.html)
2003 January 15: [Ringed Planet Uranus](ap030115.html)
2003 January 14: [0313-192: The Wrong Galaxy](ap030114.html)
2003 January 13: [The Dumbbell Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen](ap030113.html)
2003 January 12: [A Spherule from Outer Space](ap030112.html)
2003 January 11: [Apollo 17: Boulder in Stereo](ap030111.html)
2003 January 10: [The Crab that Played with the Planet](ap030110.html)
2003 January 09: [Abell 1689 Warps Space](ap030109.html)
2003 January 08: [X-Rays from the Galactic Core](ap030108.html)
2003 January 07: [Open Star Cluster M38](ap030107.html)
2003 January 06: [Shadow Cone of a Total Solar Eclipse](ap030106.html)
2003 January 05: [Atlantis to Orbit](ap030105.html)
2003 January 04: [A Magellanic Starfield](ap030104.html)
2003 January 03: [POX 186: Not So Long Ago](ap030103.html)
2003 January 02: [Mt. Etna Eruption Plume](ap030102.html)
2003 January 01: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap030101.html)
2002 December 31: [A Year of Assessing Astronomical Hazards](ap021231.html)
2002 December 30: [A Sun Pillar](ap021230.html)
2002 December 29: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap021229.html)
2002 December 28: [Mir Dreams](ap021228.html)
2002 December 27: [X-Ray Mystery in RCW 38](ap021227.html)
2002 December 26: [Searching for Meteorites in Antarctica](ap021226.html)
2002 December 25: [Orion Rising](ap021225.html)
2002 December 24: [Spring Dust Storms at the North Pole of Mars](ap021224.html)
2002 December 23: [Stars and Dust Through Baade's Window](ap021223.html)
2002 December 22: [Summer at the South Pole](ap021222.html)
2002 December 21: [Solstice Celebration](ap021221.html)
2002 December 20: [Colourful Clouds of Orion](ap021220.html)
2002 December 19: [RAPTOR Images GRB 021211](ap021219.html)
2002 December 18: [Io Volcano Culann Patera](ap021218.html)
2002 December 17: [Beefing Up the International Space Station](ap021217.html)
2002 December 16: [Night and Day in Melas Chasma on Mars](ap021216.html)
2002 December 15: [A Network of Microlensing Caustics](ap021215.html)
2002 December 14: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap021214.html)
2002 December 13: [The Crown of the Sun](ap021213.html)
2002 December 12: [Apollo 17: Last on the Moon](ap021212.html)
2002 December 11: [Meteors Between Stars and Clouds](ap021211.html)
2002 December 10: [M17: Omega Nebula Star Factory](ap021210.html)
2002 December 09: [Moon Shadow Moves Over Africa](ap021209.html)
2002 December 08: [The International Space Station Expands Yet Again](ap021208.html)
2002 December 07: [Jupiter, Io, and Shadow](ap021207.html)
2002 December 06: [Zimbabwe Solar Eclipse](ap021206.html)
2002 December 05: [NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet](ap021205.html)
2002 December 04: [Moon, Mars, Venus, and Spica](ap021204.html)
2002 December 03: [Eclipse Over Acacia](ap021203.html)
2002 December 02: [Nearby Spiral M33](ap021202.html)
2002 December 01: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap021201.html)
2002 November 30: [Surveyor Hops](ap021130.html)
2002 November 29: [Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158](ap021129.html)
2002 November 28: [The Supermassive Black Holes of NGC 6240](ap021128.html)
2002 November 27: [Leonids and Leica](ap021127.html)
2002 November 26: [Name This Martian Robot](ap021126.html)
2002 November 25: [The Earth's Magnetic Field](ap021125.html)
2002 November 24: [Hubble Floats Free](ap021124.html)
2002 November 23: [Mare Orientale](ap021123.html)
2002 November 22: [Full Moon, Lake, and Leonids Indeed](ap021122.html)
2002 November 21: [Starburst Galaxy M94](ap021121.html)
2002 November 20: [Leonids vs The Moon](ap021120.html)
2002 November 19: [Leonid Meteors in 2002](ap021119.html)
2002 November 18: [The Car, the Hole, and the Peekskill Meteorite](ap021118.html)
2002 November 17: [Leonids from Leo](ap021117.html)
2002 November 16: [Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet](ap021116.html)
2002 November 15: [Night Trails of Africa](ap021115.html)
2002 November 14: [The Sharpest View of the Sun](ap021114.html)
2002 November 13: [Asteroid Annefrank](ap021113.html)
2002 November 12: [Terkezi Oasis in the Sahara Desert](ap021112.html)
2002 November 11: [The Outer Shells of Centaurus A](ap021111.html)
2002 November 10: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap021110.html)
2002 November 09: [A Cerro Tololo Sky](ap021109.html)
2002 November 08: [NGC 6369: The Little Ghost Nebula](ap021108.html)
2002 November 07: [2001 Leonids: Meteors in Perspective](ap021107.html)
2002 November 06: [The Winter Hexagon](ap021106.html)
2002 November 05: [Leonids Over Joshua Tree National Park](ap021105.html)
2002 November 04: [Cassini Approaches Saturn](ap021104.html)
2002 November 03: [The International Space Station Expands Again](ap021103.html)
2002 November 02: [NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery](ap021102.html)
2002 November 01: [Europa's Freckles](ap021101.html)
2002 October 31: [Aurora in the Night](ap021031.html)
2002 October 30: [Leonids Over Uluru](ap021030.html)
2002 October 29: [A Lunar Rille](ap021029.html)
2002 October 28: [Earth's Richat Structure](ap021028.html)
2002 October 27: [Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face](ap021027.html)
2002 October 26: [Dark Matter, X-rays, and NGC 720](ap021026.html)
2002 October 25: [Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy](ap021025.html)
2002 October 24: [Gullies on Mars](ap021024.html)
2002 October 23: [Liftoff With the Space Shuttle](ap021023.html)
2002 October 22: [A Small Double Ozone Hole in 2002](ap021022.html)
2002 October 21: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap021021.html)
2002 October 20: [The Space Shuttle Docked with Mir](ap021020.html)
2002 October 19: [Io's Surface: Under Construction](ap021019.html)
2002 October 18: [At the Centre of the Milk Way](ap021018.html)
2002 October 17: [Centaurus A: Young Blue Star Stream](ap021017.html)
2002 October 16: [Oklo: Ancient African Nuclear Reactors](ap021016.html)
2002 October 15: [Aurora's Ring](ap021015.html)
2002 October 14: [IC 5146: The Cocoon Nebula](ap021014.html)
2002 October 13: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap021013.html)
2002 October 12: [Chandra Deep Field](ap021012.html)
2002 October 11: [Fomalhaut Dust Disk Indicates Planets](ap021011.html)
2002 October 10: [Dusty Environs of Eta Carinae](ap021010.html)
2002 October 09: [Quaoar: Large Asteroid in the Outer Solar System](ap021009.html)
2002 October 08: [The X-Ray Jets of XTE J1550](ap021008.html)
2002 October 07: [The Galaxy and the Quasar](ap021007.html)
2002 October 06: [The Lagoon Nebula in Three Colours](ap021006.html)
2002 October 05: [X-Ray Cygnus A](ap021005.html)
2002 October 04: [Facing NGC 6946](ap021004.html)
2002 October 03: [V838 Mon: Mystery Star](ap021003.html)
2002 October 02: [Star Clouds Toward the Southern Crown](ap021002.html)
2002 October 01: [Rectangular Ridges on Mars](ap021001.html)
2002 September 30: [D rad Bacteria: Candidate Astronauts](ap020930.html)
2002 September 29: [Venus: Just Passing By](ap020929.html)
2002 September 28: [X-Ray Rainbows](ap020928.html)
2002 September 27: [Accretion Disk Simulation](ap020927.html)
2002 September 26: [Rocket Trail at Sunset](ap020926.html)
2002 September 25: [Jupiter, Moons, and Bees](ap020925.html)
2002 September 24: [To Fly Free in Space](ap020924.html)
2002 September 23: [The Milky Way Over the French Alps](ap020923.html)
2002 September 22: [Two Hours Before Neptune](ap020922.html)
2002 September 21: [Moonset, Planet Earth](ap020921.html)
2002 September 20: [The Crab Nebula Pulsar Shrugs](ap020920.html)
2002 September 19: [Asteroid 1998 KY26](ap020919.html)
2002 September 18: [A Sagittarius Starscape](ap020918.html)
2002 September 17: [A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect](ap020917.html)
2002 September 16: [An Atlas V Rocket Prepares to Launch](ap020916.html)
2002 September 15: [Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn](ap020915.html)
2002 September 14: [X-Ray Moon](ap020914.html)
2002 September 13: [Aristarchus Plateau](ap020913.html)
2002 September 12: [X-Rays From Tycho's Supernova Remnant](ap020912.html)
2002 September 11: [Pluto and Charon Eclipse a Triple Star](ap020911.html)
2002 September 10: [Venus Beyond the Storm](ap020910.html)
2002 September 09: [Hoags Object: A Strange Ring Galaxy](ap020909.html)
2002 September 08: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap020908.html)
2002 September 07: [Stereo Saturn](ap020907.html)
2002 September 06: [HESS Gamma Ray Telescope](ap020906.html)
2002 September 05: [Voyager Views Titan's Haze](ap020905.html)
2002 September 04: [Halo of the Cat's Eye](ap020904.html)
2002 September 03: [A Dust Devil on Mars](ap020903.html)
2002 September 02: [Colourful Light Pillars](ap020902.html)
2002 September 01: [The Hubble Deep Field](ap020901.html)
2002 August 31: [The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle](ap020831.html)
2002 August 30: [Simeis 147: Supernova Remnant](ap020830.html)
2002 August 29: [The Pelican in the Swan](ap020829.html)
2002 August 28: [3D Mars: Northern Terra Meridiani](ap020828.html)
2002 August 27: [Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap020827.html)
2002 August 26: [The Mysterious Voynich Manuscript](ap020826.html)
2002 August 25: [Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On](ap020825.html)
2002 August 24: [Cas A Supernova Remnant in X Rays](ap020824.html)
2002 August 23: [Island Universe, Cosmic Sand](ap020823.html)
2002 August 22: [Shell Game in NGC 300](ap020822.html)
2002 August 21: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 300](ap020821.html)
2002 August 20: [The Universe in Hot Gas](ap020820.html)
2002 August 19: [Roque de los Muchachos Observatory](ap020819.html)
2002 August 18: [Earth's North Magnetic Pole](ap020818.html)
2002 August 17: [Asteroid 2002 NY40](ap020817.html)
2002 August 16: [Rainbow Perseid](ap020816.html)
2002 August 15: [Meteors and Northern Lights](ap020815.html)
2002 August 14: [Giant Emission Nebula NGC 3603 in Infrared](ap020814.html)
2002 August 13: [Contemplating the Sky](ap020813.html)
2002 August 12: [The Colours and Mysteries of Centaurus A](ap020812.html)
2002 August 11: [A Perseid Meteor](ap020811.html)
2002 August 10: [Earth at Night](ap020810.html)
2002 August 09: [Fireworks and Shooting Stars](ap020809.html)
2002 August 08: [Ancient Volcanos of Mars](ap020808.html)
2002 August 07: [Gomez's Hamburger: A Proto Planetary Nebula](ap020807.html)
2002 August 06: [Muon Wobble Possible Door to Supersymmetric Universe](ap020806.html)
2002 August 05: [Rays from an Unexpected Aurora](ap020805.html)
2002 August 04: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 2997 from VLT](ap020804.html)
2002 August 03: [The Galactic Centre A Radio Mystery](ap020803.html)
2002 August 02: [Comet 57P Falls to Pieces](ap020802.html)
2002 August 01: [Sunspots and Solar Active Regions](ap020801.html)
2002 July 31: [Henize 3-401: An Elongated Planetary Nebula](ap020731.html)
2002 July 30: [A Star Cluster in Motion](ap020730.html)
2002 July 29: [A Setting Sun Trail](ap020729.html)
2002 July 28: [An Anomalous SETI Signal](ap020728.html)
2002 July 27: [Apollo 11: Catching Some Sun](ap020727.html)
2002 July 26: [Clearing Skies](ap020726.html)
2002 July 25: [NGC 1569: Heavy Elements from a Small Galaxy](ap020725.html)
2002 July 24: [Our Busy Solar System](ap020724.html)
2002 July 23: [The View from Everest](ap020723.html)
2002 July 22: [Open Cluster NGC 6520 from CFHT](ap020722.html)
2002 July 21: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap020721.html)
2002 July 20: [Footprints on Another World](ap020720.html)
2002 July 19: [Counting Stars in the Infrared Sky](ap020719.html)
2002 July 18: [Sunspot Region 30](ap020718.html)
2002 July 17: [Star-Forming Region RCW38 from 2MASS](ap020717.html)
2002 July 16: [Outbound from Mercury](ap020716.html)
2002 July 15: [Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star](ap020715.html)
2002 July 14: [The Crab Nebula from VLT](ap020714.html)
2002 July 13: [Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater](ap020713.html)
2002 July 12: [Recycling Cassiopeia A](ap020712.html)
2002 July 11: [M51: X-Rays from the Whirlpool](ap020711.html)
2002 July 10: [M51: Cosmic Whirlpool](ap020710.html)
2002 July 09: [Analemma](ap020709.html)
2002 July 08: [Weighing Empty Space](ap020708.html)
2002 July 07: [The Galactic Centre Across the Infrared](ap020707.html)
2002 July 06: [Io: Moon Over Jupiter](ap020706.html)
2002 July 05: [Many Moons](ap020705.html)
2002 July 04: [Young Star Clusters in an Old Galaxy](ap020704.html)
2002 July 03: [Interstellar Dust Bunnies of NGC 891](ap020703.html)
2002 July 02: [The Average Colour of the Universe](ap020702.html)
2002 July 01: [The Fox Fur Nebula](ap020701.html)
2002 June 30: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap020630.html)
2002 June 29: [A Deep Field In The Southern Sky](ap020629.html)
2002 June 28: [Lunar Module at Taurus-Littrow](ap020628.html)
2002 June 27: [Carving Ma'adim Vallis](ap020627.html)
2002 June 26: [In the Centre of the Trifid Nebula](ap020626.html)
2002 June 25: [Venus and Jupiter Over Belfast](ap020625.html)
2002 June 24: [The Sun's Heliosphere and Heliopause](ap020624.html)
2002 June 23: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap020623.html)
2002 June 22: [Io: The Prometheus Plume](ap020622.html)
2002 June 21: [Zimbabwe Sunset](ap020621.html)
2002 June 20: [Bright Galaxy M81](ap020620.html)
2002 June 19: [The Moon and Venus Over Geneva](ap020619.html)
2002 June 18: [IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula](ap020618.html)
2002 June 17: [NGC 4697: X-Rays from an Elliptical Galaxy](ap020617.html)
2002 June 16: [Jupiter's Rings Revealed](ap020616.html)
2002 June 15: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula](ap020615.html)
2002 June 14: [55 Cancri: Familiar Planet Discovered](ap020614.html)
2002 June 13: [The Tarantula Zone](ap020613.html)
2002 June 12: [A Partial Eclipse Over the Golden Gate Bridge](ap020612.html)
2002 June 11: [Inside the Eagle Nebula](ap020611.html)
2002 June 10: [Annular Eclipse: The Ring of Fire](ap020610.html)
2002 June 09: [A Chamaeleon Sky](ap020609.html)
2002 June 08: [A Fleeting Eclipse](ap020608.html)
2002 June 07: [Portrait of an Infant Solar System](ap020607.html)
2002 June 06: [Cone Nebula Infrared Close-Up](ap020606.html)
2002 June 05: [NGC 3621: Far Beyond the Local Group](ap020605.html)
2002 June 04: [A Martian Metamorphosis](ap020604.html)
2002 June 03: [Galaxy NGC 4388 Expels Huge Gas Cloud](ap020603.html)
2002 June 02: [Cracks and Ridges on Europa](ap020602.html)
2002 June 01: [NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog](ap020601.html)
2002 May 31: [In Chandor Chasma on Mars](ap020531.html)
2002 May 30: [Orion Nebulosities](ap020530.html)
2002 May 29: [Cosmic Ripples Implicate Dark Universe](ap020529.html)
2002 May 28: [The Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes](ap020528.html)
2002 May 27: [Antarctic Ice Shelf Vista](ap020527.html)
2002 May 26: [The Pipe Dark Nebula](ap020526.html)
2002 May 25: [A String Of Pearls](ap020525.html)
2002 May 24: [Love and War by Moonlight](ap020524.html)
2002 May 23: [N132D and the Colour of X-Rays](ap020523.html)
2002 May 22: [Moon and Planets by the Eiffel Tower](ap020522.html)
2002 May 21: [The Galactic Centre Radio Arc](ap020521.html)
2002 May 20: [East of the Lagoon Nebula](ap020520.html)
2002 May 19: [Saturn's Moon Tethys](ap020519.html)
2002 May 18: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap020518.html)
2002 May 17: [Gamma Ray Burst, Supernova Bump](ap020517.html)
2002 May 16: [Double Trouble Solar Bubbles](ap020516.html)
2002 May 15: [Tail Wags of Comet Ikeya Zhang](ap020515.html)
2002 May 14: [N44C: A Nebular Mystery](ap020514.html)
2002 May 13: [White Rock Fingers on Mars](ap020513.html)
2002 May 12: [At the Edge of the Helix Nebula](ap020512.html)
2002 May 11: [Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise](ap020511.html)
2002 May 10: [Trailing Planets](ap020510.html)
2002 May 09: [Planets Over Stonehenge](ap020509.html)
2002 May 08: [Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet](ap020508.html)
2002 May 07: [Smog Over New York](ap020507.html)
2002 May 06: [NGC 4676: When Mice Collide](ap020506.html)
2002 May 05: [The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap020505.html)
2002 May 04: [The Moons of Earth](ap020504.html)
2002 May 03: [Cone Nebula Close Up](ap020503.html)
2002 May 02: [Arp 188 and the Tadpole's Tidal Tail](ap020502.html)
2002 May 01: [In the Centre of the Omega Nebula](ap020501.html)
2002 April 30: [The Holographic Principle](ap020430.html)
2002 April 29: [Dusk of the Planets](ap020429.html)
2002 April 28: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap020428.html)
2002 April 27: [Hawaii](ap020427.html)
2002 April 26: [Comet Ikeya-Zhang Meets The ISS](ap020426.html)
2002 April 25: [Southern Cross in Mauna Loa Skies](ap020425.html)
2002 April 24: [The Trifid Nebula from AAO](ap020424.html)
2002 April 23: [The Newly Expanded International Space Station](ap020423.html)
2002 April 22: [Comet and Aurora Over Alaska](ap020422.html)
2002 April 21: [The Centre of Centaurus A](ap020421.html)
2002 April 20: [Orion Nebula: The 2MASS View](ap020420.html)
2002 April 19: [The Old Moon in the New Moon's Arms](ap020419.html)
2002 April 18: [Planets in the West](ap020418.html)
2002 April 17: [The Glory](ap020417.html)
2002 April 16: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap020416.html)
2002 April 15: [A New Truss for the International Space Station](ap020415.html)
2002 April 14: [RX J185635-375: Candidate Quark Star](ap020414.html)
2002 April 13: [Pwyll: Icy Crater of Europa](ap020413.html)
2002 April 12: [A Galaxy is not a Comet](ap020412.html)
2002 April 11: [Antennae Galaxies in Near Infrared](ap020411.html)
2002 April 10: [Unusual Rocks in Death Valley](ap020410.html)
2002 April 09: [The Snake Nebula from CFHT](ap020409.html)
2002 April 08: [NGC 2787: A Barred Lenticular Galaxy](ap020408.html)
2002 April 07: [The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble](ap020407.html)
2002 April 06: [Vintage Gamma Rays](ap020406.html)
2002 April 05: [Gamma Ray Burst Afterglow: Supernova Connection](ap020405.html)
2002 April 04: [Ikeya-Zhang: Comet Over Colorado](ap020404.html)
2002 April 03: [NGC 4414: A Flocculent Spiral Galaxy](ap020403.html)
2002 April 02: [Mysterious Black Water in Florida Bay](ap020402.html)
2002 April 01: [Hubble Resolves Expiration Date For Green Cheese Moon](ap020401.html)
2002 March 31: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A](ap020331.html)
2002 March 30: [Venus Unveiled](ap020330.html)
2002 March 29: [NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy](ap020329.html)
2002 March 28: [Centaurus Galaxy Cluster in X-Rays](ap020328.html)
2002 March 27: [Looking Into an Io Volcano](ap020327.html)
2002 March 26: [Comet Ikeya-Zhang over Tenerife](ap020326.html)
2002 March 25: [An Unusual Globule in IC 1396](ap020325.html)
2002 March 24: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap020324.html)
2002 March 23: [The Water Vapor Channel](ap020323.html)
2002 March 22: [Odyssey Over Mars](ap020322.html)
2002 March 21: [S is for Sun](ap020321.html)
2002 March 20: [Aurora Over Antarctica](ap020320.html)
2002 March 19: [Breaking Distant Light](ap020319.html)
2002 March 18: [Comet Ikeya-Zhang's Busy Tail](ap020318.html)
2002 March 17: [NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula](ap020317.html)
2002 March 16: [The Colourful Moon](ap020316.html)
2002 March 15: [Neutron Mars](ap020315.html)
2002 March 14: [SM3B: Mission to Hubble](ap020314.html)
2002 March 13: [LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide](ap020313.html)
2002 March 12: [Atete Corona on Venus](ap020312.html)
2002 March 11: [The 100 Meter Green Bank Radio Telescope](ap020311.html)
2002 March 10: [A Southern Sky View](ap020310.html)
2002 March 09: [A Quasar Portrait Gallery](ap020309.html)
2002 March 08: [Columbia Dawn](ap020308.html)
2002 March 07: [Comet Ikeya-Zhang Brightens](ap020307.html)
2002 March 06: [Simulated Galaxy Cluster View](ap020306.html)
2002 March 05: [Earth in True Colour](ap020305.html)
2002 March 04: [The Shuttle Crawler Transporter](ap020304.html)
2002 March 03: [The Regolith of Asteroid Eros](ap020303.html)
2002 March 02: [M27: Not A Comet](ap020302.html)
2002 March 01: [Jupiter's Great X-Ray Spot](ap020301.html)
2002 February 28: [ESO 184-G82: Supernova - Gamma Ray Burst Connection](ap020228.html)
2002 February 27: [A Cloud Shadow Sunrise](ap020227.html)
2002 February 26: [Jets from Radio Galaxy 3C296](ap020226.html)
2002 February 25: [Crescent Europa](ap020225.html)
2002 February 24: [Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System](ap020224.html)
2002 February 23: [Shocked by Supernova 1987A](ap020223.html)
2002 February 22: [Saturn at the Lunar Limb](ap020222.html)
2002 February 21: [Comet Ikeya-Zhang](ap020221.html)
2002 February 20: [Oddities of Star Cluster NGC 6397](ap020220.html)
2002 February 19: [Water Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap](ap020219.html)
2002 February 18: [A Radio Vista of Cygnus](ap020218.html)
2002 February 17: [The Local Bubble and the Galactic Neighborhood](ap020217.html)
2002 February 16: [Miranda, Chevron, and Alonso](ap020216.html)
2002 February 15: [Saturn: Lord of the Rings](ap020215.html)
2002 February 14: [Solar System Portrait](ap020214.html)
2002 February 13: [The Great Nebula in Orion](ap020213.html)
2002 February 12: [Methane Earth](ap020212.html)
2002 February 11: [Reflection Nebula M78](ap020211.html)
2002 February 10: [The Local Interstellar Cloud](ap020210.html)
2002 February 09: [Moon Over Mongolia](ap020209.html)
2002 February 08: [PKS 1127-145: Quasar View](ap020208.html)
2002 February 07: [Coronal Hole](ap020207.html)
2002 February 06: [The Cosmic Infrared Background](ap020206.html)
2002 February 05: [Giant Storm Systems Battle on Jupiter](ap020205.html)
2002 February 04: [Comet LINEAR WM1 Shines in the South](ap020204.html)
2002 February 03: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap020203.html)
2002 February 02: [Centaurus A: The Galaxy Deep Inside](ap020202.html)
2002 February 01: [Balloon TIGER](ap020201.html)
2002 January 31: [EUVE Sky Map](ap020131.html)
2002 January 30: [Moonrise Over Seattle](ap020130.html)
2002 January 29: [The Southern Sky in Warm Hydrogen](ap020129.html)
2002 January 28: [An Apollo 17 Panorama](ap020128.html)
2002 January 27: [Earth Rise](ap020127.html)
2002 January 26: [Shuttle Engine Blast](ap020126.html)
2002 January 25: [The Spiral Arms of NGC 4622](ap020125.html)
2002 January 24: [Ski Enceladus](ap020124.html)
2002 January 23: [Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822](ap020123.html)
2002 January 22: [Neutron Bounce Quantized in Earth Gravity](ap020122.html)
2002 January 21: [Volcano and Aurora in Iceland](ap020121.html)
2002 January 20: [Callisto Full Face](ap020120.html)
2002 January 19: [Stars Without Galaxies](ap020119.html)
2002 January 18: [Saturn and Vesta in Taurus](ap020118.html)
2002 January 17: [Pick a Galaxy, Any Galaxy](ap020117.html)
2002 January 16: [Abell 2597's Cosmic Cavities](ap020116.html)
2002 January 15: [Red Auroral Corona](ap020115.html)
2002 January 14: [Sun Halo at Winter Solstice](ap020114.html)
2002 January 13: [Hypatia of Alexandria](ap020113.html)
2002 January 12: [The Gamma Ray Sky](ap020112.html)
2002 January 11: [Sunbather](ap020111.html)
2002 January 10: [X-Ray Milky Way](ap020110.html)
2002 January 09: [Blue Flash](ap020109.html)
2002 January 08: [Thackeray's Globules](ap020108.html)
2002 January 07: [The Mysterious Cone Nebula](ap020107.html)
2002 January 06: [M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap020106.html)
2002 January 05: [Apollo 17's Moonship](ap020105.html)
2002 January 04: [M16: Infrared Star Hunt](ap020104.html)
2002 January 03: [M16: Stars, Pillars and the Eagle's EGGs](ap020103.html)
2002 January 02: [International Space Station Over Earth](ap020102.html)
2002 January 01: [The Secret of the Black Aurora](ap020101.html)
2001 December 31: [A Year of Dark Cosmology](ap011231.html)
2001 December 30: [Trifid Pillars and Jets](ap011230.html)
2001 December 29: [The Annotated Galactic Centre](ap011229.html)
2001 December 28: [Starlight Reflections](ap011228.html)
2001 December 27: [The Incredible Expanding Crab](ap011227.html)
2001 December 26: [Himalayan Horizon From Space](ap011226.html)
2001 December 25: [Star Forming Region Hubble V](ap011225.html)
2001 December 24: [Asteroid 1998 WT24 Passes Near Earth](ap011224.html)
2001 December 23: [Saturnian Aurora](ap011223.html)
2001 December 22: [Hot Stars in the Southern Milky Way](ap011222.html)
2001 December 21: [Partial Eclipse, Cloudy Day](ap011221.html)
2001 December 20: [Jupiter and Saturn Pas de Deux](ap011220.html)
2001 December 19: [Finding Dark Matter](ap011219.html)
2001 December 18: [Sharpless 212 in Hydrogen and Sulfur](ap011218.html)
2001 December 17: [Leaving the International Space Station](ap011217.html)
2001 December 16: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap011216.html)
2001 December 15: [Ganymede: Torn Comet Crater Chain](ap011215.html)
2001 December 14: [NGC 7023: The Iris Nebula](ap011214.html)
2001 December 13: [The South Pole of Mars](ap011213.html)
2001 December 12: [Leonids Over Korean Observatory](ap011212.html)
2001 December 11: [Venusian Half Shell](ap011211.html)
2001 December 10: [Globular Cluster M15](ap011210.html)
2001 December 09: [The Belt of Venus](ap011209.html)
2001 December 08: [Moon Struck](ap011208.html)
2001 December 07: [Mediterranean Leonid 2001](ap011207.html)
2001 December 06: [Comet Linear (WM1) Brightens](ap011206.html)
2001 December 05: [A Sky Filled with Leonids](ap011205.html)
2001 December 04: [AE Aurigae: The Flaming Star](ap011204.html)
2001 December 03: [Dueling Auroras](ap011203.html)
2001 December 02: [Rumors of a Strange Universe](ap011202.html)
2001 December 01: [Neptune's Great Dark Spot: Gone But Not Forgotten](ap011201.html)
2001 November 30: [Meteor Storm Sights and Sounds](ap011130.html)
2001 November 29: [Coronal Inflow](ap011129.html)
2001 November 28: [Extra Solar Planetary Atmosphere Detected](ap011128.html)
2001 November 27: [Ancient Layered Rocks on Mars](ap011127.html)
2001 November 26: [Leonids from the Road](ap011126.html)
2001 November 25: [M16: Stars from Eagle's EGGs](ap011125.html)
2001 November 24: [Mariner's Mercury](ap011124.html)
2001 November 23: [Counting Falling Stardust](ap011123.html)
2001 November 22: [Fireball, Smoke Trail, Meteor Storm](ap011122.html)
2001 November 21: [The Galactic Ring of NGC 6782](ap011121.html)
2001 November 20: [A Leonids Star Field](ap011120.html)
2001 November 19: [A 2001 Leonids Meteor Shower Fireball](ap011119.html)
2001 November 18: [A Leonid Meteor Explodes](ap011118.html)
2001 November 17: [Catching Falling Stardust](ap011117.html)
2001 November 16: [Leonid Watching](ap011116.html)
2001 November 15: [Recycling Columbia](ap011115.html)
2001 November 14: [Auroras Over Both Earth Poles](ap011114.html)
2001 November 13: [A Gravity Map of Earth](ap011113.html)
2001 November 12: [Is Mystery Object an Orphan Afterglow?](ap011112.html)
2001 November 11: [An Annotated Leonid](ap011111.html)
2001 November 10: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap011110.html)
2001 November 09: [SOHO Comet 367: Sungrazer](ap011109.html)
2001 November 08: [Under A Sunspot](ap011108.html)
2001 November 07: [A Sun Pillar in Red and Violet](ap011107.html)
2001 November 06: [In the Centre of Spiral Galaxy M83](ap011106.html)
2001 November 05: [Aurora Over Winnipeg](ap011105.html)
2001 November 04: [Leonids from Leo](ap011104.html)
2001 November 03: [Bright Stars, Dim Galaxy](ap011103.html)
2001 November 02: [THEMIS of Mars](ap011102.html)
2001 November 01: [M87's Energetic Jet](ap011101.html)
2001 October 31: [Halloween and the Ghost Head Nebula](ap011031.html)
2001 October 30: [Anticrepuscular Rays Over Colorado](ap011030.html)
2001 October 29: [Spinning Black Holes and MCG-6-30-15](ap011029.html)
2001 October 28: [NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula](ap011028.html)
2001 October 27: [Sher 25: A Pending Supernova](ap011027.html)
2001 October 26: [Elements in the Aftermath](ap011026.html)
2001 October 25: [Odyssey at Mars](ap011025.html)
2001 October 24: [The Matter of Galaxy Clusters](ap011024.html)
2001 October 23: [Emission and Reflection in NGC 6559](ap011023.html)
2001 October 22: [The First Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral](ap011022.html)
2001 October 21: [The Sombrero Galaxy from VLT](ap011021.html)
2001 October 20: [The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz](ap011020.html)
2001 October 19: [X-Ray Stars and Winds in the Rosette Nebula](ap011019.html)
2001 October 18: [Pluto: New Horizons](ap011018.html)
2001 October 17: [Mars Engulfed](ap011017.html)
2001 October 16: [A Newly Active Volcano On Jupiters Io](ap011016.html)
2001 October 15: [The Earth and Moon Planetary System](ap011015.html)
2001 October 14: [Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope](ap011014.html)
2001 October 13: [A Portrait of Saturn from Titan](ap011013.html)
2001 October 12: [Space Station and Space Shuttle: Backyard View](ap011012.html)
2001 October 11: [VDB 142 in Cepheus](ap011011.html)
2001 October 10: [The Centre of Globular Cluster Omega Centauri](ap011010.html)
2001 October 09: [The Past of Asteroid Eros](ap011009.html)
2001 October 08: [A Yukon Aurora](ap011008.html)
2001 October 07: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap011007.html)
2001 October 06: [Hen 1357: New Born Nebula](ap011006.html)
2001 October 05: [A Flock of Stars](ap011005.html)
2001 October 04: [M74: The Perfect Spiral](ap011004.html)
2001 October 03: [The Planetary Nebula Show](ap011003.html)
2001 October 02: [A Flying Astronaut Over Earth](ap011002.html)
2001 October 01: [A Global Dust Storm on Mars](ap011001.html)
2001 September 30: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap010930.html)
2001 September 29: [The Iron Sun](ap010929.html)
2001 September 28: [NGC 6992: A Glimpse of the Veil](ap010928.html)
2001 September 27: [Elements of Nearby Spiral M33](ap010927.html)
2001 September 26: [Comet Borrelly's Nucleus](ap010926.html)
2001 September 25: [The Highs and Lows of Earth](ap010925.html)
2001 September 24: [A Solar Prominence Erupts](ap010924.html)
2001 September 23: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap010923.html)
2001 September 22: [Full Throttle For Deep Space 1](ap010922.html)
2001 September 21: [Where a Black Hole Roams](ap010921.html)
2001 September 20: [X-Ray Stars in M15](ap010920.html)
2001 September 19: [SIRTF: Name This Satellite](ap010919.html)
2001 September 18: [Surrounded by Mars](ap010918.html)
2001 September 17: [Southwest Andromeda](ap010917.html)
2001 September 16: [Venus Once Molten Surface](ap010916.html)
2001 September 15: [Eclipsed Moon in Infrared](ap010915.html)
2001 September 14: [Cold Dust in the Eagle Nebula](ap010914.html)
2001 September 13: [X-Rays and the Circinus Pulsar](ap010913.html)
2001 September 12: [Zodiacal Light and the False Dawn](ap010912.html)
2001 September 11: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3310 Across the Visible](ap010911.html)
2001 September 10: [Galactic Centre Flicker Indicates Black Hole](ap010910.html)
2001 September 09: [NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster](ap010909.html)
2001 September 08: [Moon Occults Saturn](ap010908.html)
2001 September 07: [Moon AND Sun](ap010907.html)
2001 September 06: [Moon AND Stars](ap010906.html)
2001 September 05: [3C175: Quasar Cannon](ap010905.html)
2001 September 04: [2dF Sees Waves of Galaxies](ap010904.html)
2001 September 03: [The Making of the Rotten Egg Nebula](ap010903.html)
2001 September 02: [Deimos: A Small Martian Moon](ap010902.html)
2001 September 01: [Magnetars In The Sky](ap010901.html)
2001 August 31: [The Flight of Helios](ap010831.html)
2001 August 30: [How Big Is 2001 KX76?](ap010830.html)
2001 August 29: [AFGL 2591: A Massive Star Acts Up](ap010829.html)
2001 August 28: [Jagged Hills on Jupiters Callisto](ap010828.html)
2001 August 27: [Artificial Night Sky Brightness](ap010827.html)
2001 August 26: [Uranus: The Tilted Planet](ap010826.html)
2001 August 25: [Pioneer 10: The First 7 Billion Miles](ap010825.html)
2001 August 24: [NEAR at Eros: Before Touchdown](ap010824.html)
2001 August 23: [Distortion from a Distant Cluster](ap010823.html)
2001 August 22: [The Bubbling Cauldron of NGC 3079](ap010822.html)
2001 August 21: [Dark Spots on Neptune](ap010821.html)
2001 August 20: [The Lagoon Nebula in Three Colours](ap010820.html)
2001 August 19: [Mercury: A Cratered Inferno](ap010819.html)
2001 August 18: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap010818.html)
2001 August 17: [The 47 Ursae Majoris System](ap010817.html)
2001 August 16: [Centaurus A: X Rays from an Active Galaxy](ap010816.html)
2001 August 15: [Mars: 3-D Dunes](ap010815.html)
2001 August 14: [X-Rays from the Galactic Plane](ap010814.html)
2001 August 13: [A Piece of Interplanetary Dust](ap010813.html)
2001 August 12: [Eagle EGGs in M16](ap010812.html)
2001 August 11: [A Mystery in Gamma Rays](ap010811.html)
2001 August 10: [Perseids of Summer](ap010810.html)
2001 August 09: [Tycho and Copernicus: Lunar Ray Craters](ap010809.html)
2001 August 08: [Farewell Jupiter](ap010808.html)
2001 August 07: [A July Dawn](ap010807.html)
2001 August 06: [The Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope](ap010806.html)
2001 August 05: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap010805.html)
2001 August 04: [Neighboring Galaxy: The Large Magellanic Cloud](ap010804.html)
2001 August 03: [Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO 510 13](ap010803.html)
2001 August 02: [Burning Tree Sprite](ap010802.html)
2001 August 01: [Young Martian Terrain](ap010801.html)
2001 July 31: [Oceans Under Jupiter's Callisto](ap010731.html)
2001 July 30: [Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out](ap010730.html)
2001 July 29: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap010729.html)
2001 July 28: [A Daytime Fireball in 1944](ap010728.html)
2001 July 27: [Martian Dust Storm](ap010727.html)
2001 July 26: [Madagascar Totality](ap010726.html)
2001 July 25: [Hot Gas Halo Detected Around Galaxy NGC 4631](ap010725.html)
2001 July 24: [The Red Spider Planetary Nebula](ap010724.html)
2001 July 23: [Atlantis to Orbit](ap010723.html)
2001 July 22: [NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion](ap010722.html)
2001 July 21: [25 Years Ago: Vikings on Mars](ap010721.html)
2001 July 20: [The Elephant's Trunk in IC 1396](ap010720.html)
2001 July 19: [Pulsar Wind in the Vela Nebula](ap010719.html)
2001 July 18: [Mars from Earth](ap010718.html)
2001 July 17: [The Carina Nebula in Three Colours](ap010717.html)
2001 July 16: [Water Found Around Nearby Star CW Leonis](ap010716.html)
2001 July 15: [Io in True Colour](ap010715.html)
2001 July 14: [Solar System Web Cam](ap010714.html)
2001 July 13: [Welcome to the Moon Hotel](ap010713.html)
2001 July 12: [NGC 1850: Not Found in the Milky Way](ap010712.html)
2001 July 11: [A Total Eclipse Over Africa](ap010711.html)
2001 July 10: [Sudbury Indicates Nonstandard Particle Model](ap010710.html)
2001 July 09: [Air Pollution Earth](ap010709.html)
2001 July 08: [The Galactic Centre in Infrared](ap010708.html)
2001 July 07: [A Close Encounter Of The Stellar Kind](ap010707.html)
2001 July 06: [Bakasa Eclipse Sequence](ap010706.html)
2001 July 05: [C/2001 A2 (LINEAR): Comet !](ap010705.html)
2001 July 04: [Moonbow with Sailboats](ap010704.html)
2001 July 03: [Unusual Flashes Toward Globular Cluster M22](ap010703.html)
2001 July 02: [The Seasons of Saturn](ap010702.html)
2001 July 01: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 7742](ap010701.html)
2001 June 30: [Hydrogen, Helium, and the Stars of M10](ap010630.html)
2001 June 29: [Ice Volcanoes on Mars](ap010629.html)
2001 June 28: [The Topography of Mars](ap010628.html)
2001 June 27: [Moonlight, Mars and Milky Way](ap010627.html)
2001 June 26: [All of Mars](ap010626.html)
2001 June 25: [A Brighter Comet LINEAR](ap010625.html)
2001 June 24: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap010624.html)
2001 June 23: [The Cygnus Loop](ap010623.html)
2001 June 22: [Eclipse in African Skies](ap010622.html)
2001 June 21: [Diamond Ring in the Sun](ap010621.html)
2001 June 20: [Total Eclipse of the Active Sun](ap010620.html)
2001 June 19: [Crescent Neptune and Triton](ap010619.html)
2001 June 18: [NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars](ap010618.html)
2001 June 17: [Colourful Clouds Of Carina](ap010617.html)
2001 June 16: [APOD is Six Years Old Today](ap010616.html)
2001 June 15: [Messiers and Mars](ap010615.html)
2001 June 14: [Around The Arches Cluster](ap010614.html)
2001 June 13: [M94: Beyond the Blue](ap010613.html)
2001 June 12: [The Cartwheel Galaxy](ap010612.html)
2001 June 11: [Globular Cluster M2](ap010611.html)
2001 June 10: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images](ap010610.html)
2001 June 09: [Apollo 17's Lunar Rover](ap010609.html)
2001 June 08: [Three Galaxies in Draco](ap010608.html)
2001 June 07: [NGC 253: X-Ray Zoom](ap010607.html)
2001 June 06: [NGC 1512: A Panchromatic View](ap010606.html)
2001 June 05: [Asteroid Eros Reconstructed](ap010605.html)
2001 June 04: [The T Tauri Star Forming System](ap010604.html)
2001 June 03: [A GRB 000301C Symphony](ap010603.html)
2001 June 02: [The Pulsar Powered Crab](ap010602.html)
2001 June 01: [Venus' Evening Loop](ap010601.html)
2001 May 31: [LINEAR's Tail and Two Nuclei](ap010531.html)
2001 May 30: [Stellar Spectral Types: OBAFGKM](ap010530.html)
2001 May 29: [Working in Space](ap010529.html)
2001 May 28: [Close up of the Face on Mars](ap010528.html)
2001 May 27: [Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap010527.html)
2001 May 26: [NGC 6826: The Blinking Eye](ap010526.html)
2001 May 25: [Saturn The Giant](ap010525.html)
2001 May 24: [X-Ray Stars of 47 Tucanae](ap010524.html)
2001 May 23: [Strange Orange Soil on the Moon](ap010523.html)
2001 May 22: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap010522.html)
2001 May 21: [Another Comet LINEAR Breaks Up](ap010521.html)
2001 May 20: [Sagittarius Star Cloud](ap010520.html)
2001 May 19: [Damage to Apollo 13](ap010519.html)
2001 May 18: [HD 82943: Planet Swallower](ap010518.html)
2001 May 17: [Solar Neutrino Astronomy](ap010517.html)
2001 May 16: [The Centre of the Circinus Galaxy in X-Rays](ap010516.html)
2001 May 15: [A Radar Image of Venus](ap010515.html)
2001 May 14: [A Cerro Tololo Sky](ap010514.html)
2001 May 13: [Crater Copernicus](ap010513.html)
2001 May 12: [Shuttle Moon](ap010512.html)
2001 May 11: [X-Ray Rainbows](ap010511.html)
2001 May 10: [Spirals On Edge](ap010510.html)
2001 May 09: [Space Station Shows Off New Robot Arm](ap010509.html)
2001 May 08: [GRO J1655 40: Evidence for a Spinning Black Hole](ap010508.html)
2001 May 07: [One Hundred Kilometer Terrain on Venus](ap010507.html)
2001 May 06: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap010506.html)
2001 May 05: [Shepard Flies Freedom 7](ap010505.html)
2001 May 04: [Protoplanetary Survivors in Orion](ap010504.html)
2001 May 03: [Far Side of the Sun](ap010503.html)
2001 May 02: [Planet Building in HD 100546](ap010502.html)
2001 May 01: [Antarctica Hears Little Normal Matter in the Big Bang](ap010501.html)
2001 April 30: [Approaching the International Space Station](ap010430.html)
2001 April 29: [Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos](ap010429.html)
2001 April 28: [The Moon and All the Crashes](ap010428.html)
2001 April 27: [Visitors' Galaxy Gallery](ap010427.html)
2001 April 26: [Horsehead Rides Again](ap010426.html)
2001 April 25: [Space Laser Creates Artificial Star](ap010425.html)
2001 April 24: [NGC 2264: Stars, Dust, and Gas](ap010424.html)
2001 April 23: [Space Shuttle Lifts Off for Space Station](ap010423.html)
2001 April 22: [Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae](ap010422.html)
2001 April 21: [Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater](ap010421.html)
2001 April 20: [Io: Moon Over Jupiter](ap010420.html)
2001 April 19: [Sunspot Stack](ap010419.html)
2001 April 18: [A Higher Dimensional Universe](ap010418.html)
2001 April 17: [Colourful Water Clouds Over Mars](ap010417.html)
2001 April 16: [The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies](ap010416.html)
2001 April 15: [Diffraction Spikes: When Stars Look Like Crosses](ap010415.html)
2001 April 14: [Man Enters Space](ap010414.html)
2001 April 13: [GRB010222: Gamma Ray Burst, X Ray Afterglow](ap010413.html)
2001 April 12: [STS-1: First Shuttle Launch](ap010412.html)
2001 April 11: [Large Sunspot Group AR 9393](ap010411.html)
2001 April 10: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars](ap010410.html)
2001 April 09: [Mars Odyssey Lifts Off for Mars](ap010409.html)
2001 April 08: [The Big Corona](ap010408.html)
2001 April 07: [Stereo Sun](ap010407.html)
2001 April 06: [Aurora Over New Zealand](ap010406.html)
2001 April 05: [On the Origin of Gold](ap010405.html)
2001 April 04: [Distant Supernova, Dark Energy](ap010404.html)
2001 April 03: [New Stars Destroying NGC 1748](ap010403.html)
2001 April 02: [Aurora Over Clouds](ap010402.html)
2001 April 01: [Americans Defeat Russians in First Space Quidditch Match](ap010401.html)
2001 March 31: [Barsoom](ap010331.html)
2001 March 30: [Equinox + 1](ap010330.html)
2001 March 29: [Aurora Alaskan Style](ap010329.html)
2001 March 28: [Chandra Deep Field](ap010328.html)
2001 March 27: [Swiss Cheese Like Landscape on Mars](ap010327.html)
2001 March 26: [Comet Hale Bopp in the Outer Solar System](ap010326.html)
2001 March 25: [The Crab Nebula from VLT](ap010325.html)
2001 March 24: [The UV SMC from UIT](ap010324.html)
2001 March 23: [Mir Flares Farewell](ap010323.html)
2001 March 22: [Jupiter, Saturn and Messier 45](ap010322.html)
2001 March 21: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903](ap010321.html)
2001 March 20: [Discovery Spring](ap010320.html)
2001 March 19: [Pluto in True Colour](ap010319.html)
2001 March 18: [The Nearest Stars](ap010318.html)
2001 March 17: [Astro-2 In Orbit](ap010317.html)
2001 March 16: [Rockets and Robert Goddard](ap010316.html)
2001 March 15: [Islands in the Photosphere](ap010315.html)
2001 March 14: [Comet McNaught-Hartley](ap010314.html)
2001 March 13: [A Sun Pillar](ap010313.html)
2001 March 12: [M82 After the Crash](ap010312.html)
2001 March 11: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap010311.html)
2001 March 10: [Apollo / Suveyor Stereo View](ap010310.html)
2001 March 09: [X-rays From HCG 62](ap010309.html)
2001 March 08: [Bright Venus](ap010308.html)
2001 March 07: [Saturn At Night](ap010307.html)
2001 March 06: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap010306.html)
2001 March 05: [Survivor: NEAR Shoemaker On Asteroid Eros](ap010305.html)
2001 March 04: [TT Cygni: Carbon Star](ap010304.html)
2001 March 03: [Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3](ap010303.html)
2001 March 02: [LkHa101: The Hole in the Doughnut](ap010302.html)
2001 March 01: [Maximum Sun](ap010301.html)
2001 February 28: [A Space Station Meets its Destiny](ap010228.html)
2001 February 27: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap010227.html)
2001 February 26: [Sand Dunes on Mars](ap010226.html)
2001 February 25: [The Sudbury Neutrino Detector](ap010225.html)
2001 February 24: [Infrared Horsehead](ap010224.html)
2001 February 23: [M55 Colour Magnitude Diagram](ap010223.html)
2001 February 22: [3C294: Distant X-Ray Galaxy Cluster](ap010222.html)
2001 February 21: [A Sonic Boom](ap010221.html)
2001 February 20: [Star Forming Region S106](ap010220.html)
2001 February 19: [Shuttle Plume Shadow Points to Moon](ap010219.html)
2001 February 18: [Lunation](ap010218.html)
2001 February 17: [Happy Birthday Jules Verne](ap010217.html)
2001 February 16: [Star Forming Region Hubble-X](ap010216.html)
2001 February 15: [Jupiter Unpeeled](ap010215.html)
2001 February 14: [The Rosette Nebula](ap010214.html)
2001 February 13: [NEAR Spacecraft Survives Landing on Asteroid Eros](ap010213.html)
2001 February 12: [Approaching Asteroid Eros](ap010212.html)
2001 February 11: [NEAR Shoemaker Views Eros](ap010211.html)
2001 February 10: [Aurora Astern](ap010210.html)
2001 February 09: [Nashville Four Planet Skyline](ap010209.html)
2001 February 08: [Distant Galaxies in Radio Vision](ap010208.html)
2001 February 07: [Distant Open Cluster M103](ap010207.html)
2001 February 06: [Touchdown Site on Asteroid Eros](ap010206.html)
2001 February 05: [Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula](ap010205.html)
2001 February 04: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap010204.html)
2001 February 03: [M100: A Grand Design](ap010203.html)
2001 February 02: [All-Sky Panorama](ap010202.html)
2001 February 01: [Jupiter's Brain](ap010201.html)
2001 January 31: [Earth's Plasmasphere](ap010131.html)
2001 January 30: [The Orion Nebula from VLT](ap010130.html)
2001 January 29: [An Airplane in Front of the Sun](ap010129.html)
2001 January 28: [CMB Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap010128.html)
2001 January 27: [The Moons Of Earth](ap010127.html)
2001 January 26: [Galaxies Of The Virgo Cluster](ap010126.html)
2001 January 25: [Sail On, Stardust](ap010125.html)
2001 January 24: [NGC 3603: X-Rays From A Starburst Cluster](ap010124.html)
2001 January 23: [Spherical Planetary Nebula Abell 39](ap010123.html)
2001 January 22: [A Two Toned Crater on Asteroid Eros](ap010122.html)
2001 January 21: [Resolving Mira](ap010121.html)
2001 January 20: [Helios Helium](ap010120.html)
2001 January 19: [Black Holes Are Black](ap010119.html)
2001 January 18: [2001: A Total Lunar Eclipse](ap010118.html)
2001 January 17: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3310 in Ultraviolet](ap010117.html)
2001 January 16: [Europa Rotating](ap010116.html)
2001 January 15: [Billows of Smog in the Outer Galaxy](ap010115.html)
2001 January 14: [Kepler Discovers How Planets Move](ap010114.html)
2001 January 13: [A Sky Full Of Hydrogen](ap010113.html)
2001 January 12: [NGC 1410/1409: Intergalactic Pipeline](ap010112.html)
2001 January 11: [X-rays From The Cat's Eye](ap010111.html)
2001 January 10: [Watch the Sky Rotate](ap010110.html)
2001 January 09: [A Cosmic Call to Nearby Stars](ap010109.html)
2001 January 08: [Help NASA Classify Martian Craters](ap010108.html)
2001 January 07: [Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky](ap010107.html)
2001 January 06: [Apollo 17's Moonship](ap010106.html)
2001 January 05: [Second Millennium, Last Eclipse](ap010105.html)
2001 January 04: [Third Millennium, First Eclipse](ap010104.html)
2001 January 03: [M8: In the Centre of the Lagoon Nebula](ap010103.html)
2001 January 02: [Jupiter, Europa, and Callisto](ap010102.html)
2001 January 01: [The Millennium that Defines Universe](ap010101.html)
2000 December 31: [The Millennium that Defined Earth](ap001231.html)
2000 December 30: [A Year of Resolving Backgrounds](ap001230.html)
2000 December 29: [The Dark Horsehead Nebula](ap001229.html)
2000 December 28: [Moon Mare and Montes](ap001228.html)
2000 December 27: [The Dust and Ion Tails of Comet Hale Bopp](ap001227.html)
2000 December 26: [Jupiter, Io, and Shadow](ap001226.html)
2000 December 25: [The Eclipse Tree](ap001225.html)
2000 December 24: [NGC 1850: Gas Clouds and Star Clusters](ap001224.html)
2000 December 23: [Summer at the South Pole](ap001223.html)
2000 December 22: [Simulated Supergiant Star](ap001222.html)
2000 December 21: [Solstice And Season's Eclipse](ap001221.html)
2000 December 20: [Sgr A: Fast Stars Near the Galactic Centre](ap001220.html)
2000 December 19: [A Close Up of Aurora on Jupiter](ap001219.html)
2000 December 18: [Oceans Under Jupiter's Ganymede](ap001218.html)
2000 December 17: [M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap001217.html)
2000 December 16: [Degas Ray Crater on Mercury](ap001216.html)
2000 December 15: [IC443's Neutron Star](ap001215.html)
2000 December 14: [International Space Station Trail](ap001214.html)
2000 December 13: [Manicouagan Impact Crater on Earth](ap001213.html)
2000 December 12: [Jupiter Eyes Ganymede](ap001212.html)
2000 December 11: [Composing the Omega Nebula](ap001211.html)
2000 December 10: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap001210.html)
2000 December 09: [Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation](ap001209.html)
2000 December 08: [Abell 1795: A Galaxy Cluster's Cooling Flow](ap001208.html)
2000 December 07: [Earth's San Andreas Fault](ap001207.html)
2000 December 06: [Reflecting Merope](ap001206.html)
2000 December 05: [Layered Mars: An Ancient Water World?](ap001205.html)
2000 December 04: [The Circinus Galaxy](ap001204.html)
2000 December 03: [Earth's North Magnetic Pole](ap001203.html)
2000 December 02: [SN 1006: Pieces of the Cosmic Ray Puzzle](ap001202.html)
2000 December 01: [A Frosty Crater On Mars](ap001201.html)
2000 November 30: [Palomar 13's Last Stand](ap001130.html)
2000 November 29: [Leonids from Orbit](ap001129.html)
2000 November 28: [BZ Cam Bow Shock](ap001128.html)
2000 November 27: [Earth at Night](ap001127.html)
2000 November 26: [Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita](ap001126.html)
2000 November 25: [A High Energy Fleet](ap001125.html)
2000 November 24: [Long Leonid](ap001124.html)
2000 November 23: [Cassini At Jupiter: Red Spot Movie](ap001123.html)
2000 November 22: [The Orion Nebula in Hydrogen](ap001122.html)
2000 November 21: [Fire on Earth](ap001121.html)
2000 November 20: [A 2000 Leonid Through Orion](ap001120.html)
2000 November 19: [Our Dusty Universe](ap001119.html)
2000 November 18: [Jupiter And Family](ap001118.html)
2000 November 17: [Leonid Sunrise](ap001117.html)
2000 November 16: [A Daytime Fireball in 1944](ap001116.html)
2000 November 15: [Coronal Rain, Solar Storm](ap001115.html)
2000 November 14: [The Yardangs Of Mars](ap001114.html)
2000 November 13: [Disorder in Stephan's Quintet](ap001113.html)
2000 November 12: [The Lyman Alpha Forest](ap001112.html)
2000 November 11: [The First Lunar Observatory](ap001111.html)
2000 November 10: [X-Ray Cygnus A](ap001110.html)
2000 November 09: [The Cosmic X-Ray Background](ap001109.html)
2000 November 08: [October Skylights](ap001108.html)
2000 November 07: [The Gum Nebula Supernova Remnant](ap001107.html)
2000 November 06: [Heaven on Earth](ap001106.html)
2000 November 05: [Jupiter Swallows Comet Shoemaker Levy 9](ap001105.html)
2000 November 04: [Apollo 12: Self-Portrait](ap001104.html)
2000 November 03: [New Moons For Saturn](ap001103.html)
2000 November 02: [A Galaxy Collision in NGC 6745](ap001102.html)
2000 November 01: [Double Asteroid 90 Antiope](ap001101.html)
2000 October 31: [The Perseus Cluster's X-Ray Skull](ap001031.html)
2000 October 30: [A Step Toward Gravitational Wave Detection](ap001030.html)
2000 October 29: [Microwave Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known](ap001029.html)
2000 October 28: [Moonset, Planet Earth](ap001028.html)
2000 October 27: [Close To Eros](ap001027.html)
2000 October 26: [The Map Of Eros](ap001026.html)
2000 October 25: [The Nebula And The Neutron Star](ap001025.html)
2000 October 24: [Io Rotating](ap001024.html)
2000 October 23: [Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 205 in the Local Group](ap001023.html)
2000 October 22: [Wild Duck Open Cluster M11](ap001022.html)
2000 October 21: [The Averted Side Of The Moon](ap001021.html)
2000 October 20: [North Pole Below](ap001020.html)
2000 October 19: [The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured](ap001019.html)
2000 October 18: [The Space Shuttle Docking Ring](ap001018.html)
2000 October 17: [Gemini North Images Bow Shock Near Galactic Centre](ap001017.html)
2000 October 16: [Dust and Gas Surrounding Star R Coronae Australis](ap001016.html)
2000 October 15: [Globular Cluster Omega Centauri](ap001015.html)
2000 October 14: [The Ecliptic Plane](ap001014.html)
2000 October 13: [Eclipse Moon Trail](ap001013.html)
2000 October 12: [HETE-2 Rides Pegasus](ap001012.html)
2000 October 11: [Cassini Spacecraft Approaches Jupiter](ap001011.html)
2000 October 10: [The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens](ap001010.html)
2000 October 09: [A Polar Martian Dust Storm](ap001009.html)
2000 October 08: [Earth's Richat Structure](ap001008.html)
2000 October 07: [Sputnik: Traveling Companion](ap001007.html)
2000 October 06: [X-Rays From Sirius B](ap001006.html)
2000 October 05: [N81: Star Cradle in the SMC](ap001005.html)
2000 October 04: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300](ap001004.html)
2000 October 03: [Saturn Rotates](ap001003.html)
2000 October 02: [Pangea Ultima: Earth in 250 Million Years](ap001002.html)
2000 October 01: [The Centre of Centaurus A](ap001001.html)
2000 September 30: [Titania's Trenches](ap000930.html)
2000 September 29: [September Sky](ap000929.html)
2000 September 28: [Heating Coronal Loops](ap000928.html)
2000 September 27: [Yepun](ap000927.html)
2000 September 26: [Approaching Jupiter](ap000926.html)
2000 September 25: [AR 9169: A Large Sunspot](ap000925.html)
2000 September 24: [M16: Stars from Eagle's Eggs](ap000924.html)
2000 September 23: [The Equal Night](ap000923.html)
2000 September 22: [M55: Globular Star Cluster](ap000922.html)
2000 September 21: [XZ Tauri System Ejects Gas Bubble](ap000921.html)
2000 September 20: [Gangly Spiral Galaxy NGC 3184](ap000920.html)
2000 September 19: [M17: Omega Nebula Star Factory](ap000919.html)
2000 September 18: [Approaching the International Space Station](ap000918.html)
2000 September 17: [Saturnian Aurora](ap000917.html)
2000 September 16: [X-Ray Earth](ap000916.html)
2000 September 15: [Aurora In West Texas Skies](ap000915.html)
2000 September 14: [M82's Middle Mass Black Hole](ap000914.html)
2000 September 13: [Comet LINEAR: Fade To Black](ap000913.html)
2000 September 12: [Slightly Above Mars Pathfinder](ap000912.html)
2000 September 11: [Antarctic Ozone Hole Widens](ap000911.html)
2000 September 10: [White Dwarf Stars Cool](ap000910.html)
2000 September 09: [X-Ray Moon and X-Ray Star](ap000909.html)
2000 September 08: [Andromeda Island Universe](ap000908.html)
2000 September 07: [IC 418: The Spirograph Nebula](ap000907.html)
2000 September 06: [Emerging Planetary Nebula CRL 618](ap000906.html)
2000 September 05: [CFHT Star Trails](ap000905.html)
2000 September 04: [Aurora Persei](ap000904.html)
2000 September 03: [Henrietta Leavitt Calibrates the Stars](ap000903.html)
2000 September 02: [X-Ray Moon](ap000902.html)
2000 September 01: [SOHO Sungrazer](ap000901.html)
2000 August 31: [Full Throttle For Deep Space 1](ap000831.html)
2000 August 30: [The Brown Dwarfs of Orion's Trapezium](ap000830.html)
2000 August 29: [The Regolith of Asteroid Eros](ap000829.html)
2000 August 28: [The Helix Nebula from CFHT](ap000828.html)
2000 August 27: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap000827.html)
2000 August 26: [Mir Dreams](ap000826.html)
2000 August 25: [Folding Europa](ap000825.html)
2000 August 24: [Eros At Sunset](ap000824.html)
2000 August 23: [NGC 6960: The Witch's Broom Nebula](ap000823.html)
2000 August 22: [NGC 2244: A Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula](ap000822.html)
2000 August 21: [A Perseid Aurora](ap000821.html)
2000 August 20: [The Surface of Titan](ap000820.html)
2000 August 19: [ROSAT Explores The X-Ray Sky](ap000819.html)
2000 August 18: [X-Rays From Antennae Galaxies](ap000818.html)
2000 August 17: [Mount Megantic Magnetic Storm](ap000817.html)
2000 August 16: [Unusual Giant Galaxy NGC 1316](ap000816.html)
2000 August 15: [The Solar Spectrum](ap000815.html)
2000 August 14: [Kemble's Cascade](ap000814.html)
2000 August 13: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap000813.html)
2000 August 12: [A Perseid Meteor](ap000812.html)
2000 August 11: [Fragments of Comet LINEAR](ap000811.html)
2000 August 10: [Other Worlds and HD 38529](ap000810.html)
2000 August 09: [A Solar Filament Lifts Off](ap000809.html)
2000 August 08: [Comet LINEAR Disperses](ap000808.html)
2000 August 07: [Nearby Star Epsilon Eridani Has a Planet](ap000807.html)
2000 August 06: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap000806.html)
2000 August 05: [Halley's Nucleus: An Orbiting Iceberg](ap000805.html)
2000 August 04: [M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster](ap000804.html)
2000 August 03: [22 Miles From Eros](ap000803.html)
2000 August 02: [At the Edge of the Crescent Nebula](ap000802.html)
2000 August 01: [X-Rays from Comet LINEAR](ap000801.html)
2000 July 31: [Comet LINEAR Breaks Up](ap000731.html)
2000 July 30: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap000730.html)
2000 July 29: [NGC1850: Star Cluster in the LMC](ap000729.html)
2000 July 28: [Moon And Venus Share The Sky](ap000728.html)
2000 July 27: [Tails Of Comet LINEAR](ap000727.html)
2000 July 26: [Lingering Lunar Eclipse](ap000726.html)
2000 July 25: [Why Stars Twinkle](ap000725.html)
2000 July 24: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap000724.html)
2000 July 23: [Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System](ap000723.html)
2000 July 22: [GLAST Gamma Ray Sky Simulation](ap000722.html)
2000 July 21: [Eros Craters And Boulders](ap000721.html)
2000 July 20: [AR9077: Solar Magnetic Arcade](ap000720.html)
2000 July 19: [Globular Cluster M19](ap000719.html)
2000 July 18: [A Russian Proton Rocket Launches Zvezda](ap000718.html)
2000 July 17: [Lightning on Earth](ap000717.html)
2000 July 16: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap000716.html)
2000 July 15: [Star Trails in Southern Skies](ap000715.html)
2000 July 14: [Crater On Ice](ap000714.html)
2000 July 13: [LP 944-20: A Failed Star Flares](ap000713.html)
2000 July 12: [A Giant Starspot on HD 12545](ap000712.html)
2000 July 11: [The Crab Nebula in Blue and White](ap000711.html)
2000 July 10: [Comet LINEAR Extends](ap000710.html)
2000 July 09: [The Hubble Deep Field](ap000709.html)
2000 July 08: [The United States At Night](ap000708.html)
2000 July 07: [Sirius, Sun, Moon, and Southern Cross](ap000707.html)
2000 July 06: [A Jet from Galaxy M87](ap000706.html)
2000 July 05: [The Galactic Centre Across the Infrared](ap000705.html)
2000 July 04: [Comet LINEAR Approaches](ap000704.html)
2000 July 03: [Pelican Nebula Ionization Front](ap000703.html)
2000 July 02: [Gamma Ray Burst: A Milestone Explosion](ap000702.html)
2000 July 01: [Ultraviolet Earth from the Moon](ap000701.html)
2000 June 30: [Vintage Gamma Rays](ap000630.html)
2000 June 29: [Galactic Centre Starscape](ap000629.html)
2000 June 28: [BATSE GRB Final Sky Map](ap000628.html)
2000 June 27: [M63: The Sunflower Galaxy](ap000627.html)
2000 June 26: [Newton Crater: Evidence for Recent Water on Mars](ap000626.html)
2000 June 25: [Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula](ap000625.html)
2000 June 24: [Sunlight Through Saturn's Rings](ap000624.html)
2000 June 23: [The Gullies Of Mars](ap000623.html)
2000 June 22: [Blue Stragglers In NGC 6397](ap000622.html)
2000 June 21: [Solstice Celebration](ap000621.html)
2000 June 20: [Ganymede: The Largest Moon in the Solar System](ap000620.html)
2000 June 19: [The Long Jet of Pictor A](ap000619.html)
2000 June 18: [The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross](ap000618.html)
2000 June 17: [The Last Moon Shot](ap000617.html)
2000 June 16: [APOD is Five Years Old Today](ap000616.html)
2000 June 15: [X-Rays From The Perseus Cluster Core](ap000615.html)
2000 June 14: [A Slice of the Universe with 2dF](ap000614.html)
2000 June 13: [The Keyhole Nebula in Infrared](ap000613.html)
2000 June 12: [A Bubbling Galaxy Centre](ap000612.html)
2000 June 11: [Sirius: The Brightest Star in the Night](ap000611.html)
2000 June 10: [M101: An Ultraviolet View](ap000610.html)
2000 June 09: [Vela Pulsar: Neutron Star-Ring-Jet](ap000609.html)
2000 June 08: [Active Regions, CMEs, and X-Class Flares](ap000608.html)
2000 June 07: [Up Close to Jupiter's Moon Io](ap000607.html)
2000 June 06: [A Continuous Eruption on Jupiter's Moon Io](ap000606.html)
2000 June 05: [In the Heart of the Crab](ap000605.html)
2000 June 04: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula](ap000604.html)
2000 June 03: [Compton Reentry](ap000603.html)
2000 June 02: [The Secret Spiral Of IC3328](ap000602.html)
2000 June 01: [X-Ray Wind From NGC 3783](ap000601.html)
2000 May 31: [Astronaut at Work](ap000531.html)
2000 May 30: [The Very Large Array Turns Twenty](ap000530.html)
2000 May 29: [Olympus Mons Volcano on Mars](ap000529.html)
2000 May 28: [Skylab Over Earth](ap000528.html)
2000 May 27: [M51: The Centre Of The Whirlpool](ap000527.html)
2000 May 26: [Solar Sail](ap000526.html)
2000 May 25: [Eros Horizon View](ap000525.html)
2000 May 24: [Pleiades, Planets, And Hot Plasma](ap000524.html)
2000 May 23: [M4: The Closest Known Globular Cluster](ap000523.html)
2000 May 22: [Light Bridges on the Sun](ap000522.html)
2000 May 21: [Antares and Rho Ophiuchi](ap000521.html)
2000 May 20: [Sungrazer](ap000520.html)
2000 May 19: [An Aurora Before the Storm](ap000519.html)
2000 May 18: [The Near Infrared Sky](ap000518.html)
2000 May 17: [The Far Infrared Sky](ap000517.html)
2000 May 16: [QSO H1821 643 Indicates a Universe Filled with Hydrogen](ap000516.html)
2000 May 15: [A Halo Around the Moon](ap000515.html)
2000 May 14: [A Presidential Panorama of Mars](ap000514.html)
2000 May 13: [Surveyor Slides](ap000513.html)
2000 May 12: [X-Ray Ring Around SN1987A](ap000512.html)
2000 May 11: [NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap](ap000511.html)
2000 May 10: [Dog-Bone Shaped Asteroid 216 Kleopatra](ap000510.html)
2000 May 09: [The Race to Reveal Our Universe](ap000509.html)
2000 May 08: [Jupiter's Moons Thebe, Amalthea, and Metis](ap000508.html)
2000 May 07: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap000507.html)
2000 May 06: [The Heart Of Orion](ap000506.html)
2000 May 05: [Planets In The Sun](ap000505.html)
2000 May 04: [Planets Above The Clouds](ap000504.html)
2000 May 03: [BOOMERANG Images The Early Universe](ap000503.html)
2000 May 02: [An Iridium Flash Sunset](ap000502.html)
2000 May 01: [The North America Nebula](ap000501.html)
2000 April 30: [The Small Cloud of Magellan (SMC)](ap000430.html)
2000 April 29: [3D View Of Jupiter's Clouds](ap000429.html)
2000 April 28: [Leonid Glowworm](ap000428.html)
2000 April 27: [Calderas And Cliffs Near Io's South Pole](ap000427.html)
2000 April 26: [Filaments In The Cygnus Loop](ap000426.html)
2000 April 25: [Layers of the Martian South Polar Cap](ap000425.html)
2000 April 24: [Reflection Nebula M78](ap000424.html)
2000 April 23: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images](ap000423.html)
2000 April 22: [Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy](ap000422.html)
2000 April 21: [M82: Starburst in X-rays](ap000421.html)
2000 April 20: [Blue Marble 2000](ap000420.html)
2000 April 19: [Redshift 5.8: A New Farthest Quasar](ap000419.html)
2000 April 18: [Europa: Ice Line](ap000418.html)
2000 April 17: [Flying Over Asteroid Eros West End](ap000417.html)
2000 April 16: [IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula](ap000416.html)
2000 April 15: [Surveyor Hops](ap000415.html)
2000 April 14: [Supernova Remnant E0102 72 from Radio to X-Ray](ap000414.html)
2000 April 13: [Exploring Comet Tails](ap000413.html)
2000 April 12: [The Local Bubble and the Galactic Neighborhood](ap000412.html)
2000 April 11: [The Local Interstellar Cloud](ap000411.html)
2000 April 10: [Aurora in Red and Yellow](ap000410.html)
2000 April 09: [Mysterious Pluto and Charon](ap000409.html)
2000 April 08: [Compton Observatory In Orbit](ap000408.html)
2000 April 07: [Celebrating Hubble With NGC 6751](ap000407.html)
2000 April 06: [Venus, Moon, and Neighbors](ap000406.html)
2000 April 05: [The M7 Open Star Cluster in Scorpius](ap000405.html)
2000 April 04: [A Superwind from the Cigar Galaxy](ap000404.html)
2000 April 03: [A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence](ap000403.html)
2000 April 02: [Eagle EGGs in M16](ap000402.html)
2000 April 01: [Planet Earth From TIROS 1: First TV Image](ap000401.html)
2000 March 31: [Free-Floating Planets In Orion](ap000331.html)
2000 March 30: [Saturn-Sized Worlds Discovered](ap000330.html)
2000 March 29: [Fullerenes as Miniature Cosmic Time Capsules](ap000329.html)
2000 March 28: [M20: The Trifid Nebula](ap000328.html)
2000 March 27: [Flying Over Asteroid Eros](ap000327.html)
2000 March 26: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap000326.html)
2000 March 25: [The Earth Also Rises](ap000325.html)
2000 March 24: [A Mystery in Gamma Rays](ap000324.html)
2000 March 23: [Inside Mars](ap000323.html)
2000 March 22: [A Spherule from Outer Space](ap000322.html)
2000 March 21: [HH111's 12 Light-Year Star Jet](ap000321.html)
2000 March 20: [Mercury on the Horizon](ap000320.html)
2000 March 19: [Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater](ap000319.html)
2000 March 18: [A Wind From The Sun](ap000318.html)
2000 March 17: [Martian Dust Devil Trails](ap000317.html)
2000 March 16: [NEAR Shoemaker Views Eros](ap000316.html)
2000 March 15: [Weak Lensing Distorts the Universe](ap000315.html)
2000 March 14: [A GRB 000301C Symphony](ap000314.html)
2000 March 13: [A Panorama of Oddities in Orion A](ap000313.html)
2000 March 12: [Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe](ap000312.html)
2000 March 11: [Messier Marathon](ap000311.html)
2000 March 10: [Sky and Planets](ap000310.html)
2000 March 09: [Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection](ap000309.html)
2000 March 08: [Nearer To Asteroid Eros](ap000308.html)
2000 March 07: [Zal Patera on Jupiter's Moon Io](ap000307.html)
2000 March 06: [Abell 2142: Clash of the Galaxy Clusters](ap000306.html)
2000 March 05: [The Pipe Dark Nebula](ap000305.html)
2000 March 04: [Saturn At Night](ap000304.html)
2000 March 03: [Dust Storm on Planet Earth](ap000303.html)
2000 March 02: [NGC 1999: Reflection Nebula In Orion](ap000302.html)
2000 March 01: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap000301.html)
2000 February 29: [Julius Caesar and Leap Days](ap000229.html)
2000 February 28: [The Sombrero Galaxy from VLT](ap000228.html)
2000 February 27: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap000227.html)
2000 February 26: [Impact: 65 Million Years Ago](ap000226.html)
2000 February 25: [The Comets Of SOHO](ap000225.html)
2000 February 24: [Stereo Eros](ap000224.html)
2000 February 23: [Sunspot Seething](ap000223.html)
2000 February 22: [Neighboring Galaxy: The Large Magellanic Cloud](ap000222.html)
2000 February 21: [A Giant Gouge on Asteroid Eros](ap000221.html)
2000 February 20: [The Virgo Cluster of Galaxies](ap000220.html)
2000 February 19: [Young Suns](ap000219.html)
2000 February 18: [Neptune through Adaptive Optics](ap000218.html)
2000 February 17: [New Shocks For Supernova 1987A](ap000217.html)
2000 February 16: [Eros From Orbit](ap000216.html)
2000 February 15: [M106: A Spiral Galaxy with a Strange Core](ap000215.html)
2000 February 14: [An Unexpected Asteroid Valentine](ap000214.html)
2000 February 13: [Southwest Mercury](ap000213.html)
2000 February 12: [Stereo Saturn](ap000212.html)
2000 February 11: [XMM-Newton First Light: X-Rays From The LMC](ap000211.html)
2000 February 10: [Eros Encounter Nears](ap000210.html)
2000 February 09: [Galaxy Wars: M81 Versus M82](ap000209.html)
2000 February 08: [Rings Around Beta Pictoris](ap000208.html)
2000 February 07: [The W4 Chimney](ap000207.html)
2000 February 06: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987A](ap000206.html)
2000 February 05: [NEAR to Asteroid Eros](ap000205.html)
2000 February 04: [X-Ray Stars Of Orion](ap000204.html)
2000 February 03: [Colourful Clouds Of Carina](ap000203.html)
2000 February 02: [Aeolian Mars](ap000202.html)
2000 February 01: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap000201.html)
2000 January 31: [Snowstorm on Planet Earth](ap000131.html)
2000 January 30: [The Milky Way in Infrared](ap000130.html)
2000 January 29: [Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise](ap000129.html)
2000 January 28: [Astronomy From An F-18](ap000128.html)
2000 January 27: [Spiral Galaxy In Centaurus](ap000127.html)
2000 January 26: [A Lunar Eclipse Over Time](ap000126.html)
2000 January 25: [A Lunar Eclipse in Three Exposures](ap000125.html)
2000 January 24: [The Eskimo Nebula from the Newly Fixed Hubble](ap000124.html)
2000 January 23: [A Message From Earth](ap000123.html)
2000 January 22: [Magnetar In The Sky](ap000122.html)
2000 January 21: [X For Andromeda](ap000121.html)
2000 January 20: [X-Rays From The Galactic Centre](ap000120.html)
2000 January 19: [A Big Black Hole Floats By](ap000119.html)
2000 January 18: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap000118.html)
2000 January 17: [V4641 Sgr: The Closest Black Hole Candidate](ap000117.html)
2000 January 16: [The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory](ap000116.html)
2000 January 15: [The Sun Also Rises](ap000115.html)
2000 January 14: [Chandra Resolves the Hard X-Ray Background](ap000114.html)
2000 January 13: [A Skygazers Full Moon](ap000113.html)
2000 January 12: [NGC 6791: An Old, Large Open Cluster](ap000112.html)
2000 January 11: [The Rosette Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur](ap000111.html)
2000 January 10: [Brown Sun Bubbling](ap000110.html)
2000 January 09: [Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges](ap000109.html)
2000 January 08: [Albert Einstein Describes Space and Time](ap000108.html)
2000 January 07: [NGC 4214: Star Forming Galaxy](ap000107.html)
2000 January 06: [Mars in the New Year](ap000106.html)
2000 January 05: [Earth, Moon, Hubble](ap000105.html)
2000 January 04: [Galaxies Cluster Toward the Great Attractor](ap000104.html)
2000 January 03: [Cas A Supernova Remnant in X-Rays](ap000103.html)
2000 January 02: [The Largest Rock Known](ap000102.html)
2000 January 01: [The Millennium that Defines Universe](ap000101.html)
December 31 1999: [The Millennium that Defined Earth](ap991231.html)
December 30 1999: [The Century that Defined Galaxy](ap991230.html)
December 29 1999: [The Decade that Defined Star System](ap991229.html)
December 28 1999: [A Year of New Perspectives](ap991228.html)
December 27 1999: [Solar Moss](ap991227.html)
December 26 1999: [West Of The Great Red Spot](ap991226.html)
December 25 1999: [An Earth Ornament](ap991225.html)
December 24 1999: [Hubble Holiday](ap991224.html)
December 23 1999: [Unusual Aurora During Solar Wind Dropout](ap991223.html)
December 22 1999: [Perigee Moon, Apogee Moon](ap991222.html)
December 21 1999: [XMM Launched](ap991221.html)
December 20 1999: [Lava Fountain on Jupiter's Io](ap991220.html)
December 19 1999: [Accretion Disk Binary System](ap991219.html)
December 18 1999: [Irregular Galaxy Sextans A](ap991218.html)
December 17 1999: [Hot Gas In Hydra A](ap991217.html)
December 16 1999: [Supernova Remnant In M82](ap991216.html)
December 15 1999: [A Nova In Aquila](ap991215.html)
December 14 1999: [High Velocity Clouds and the Milky Way](ap991214.html)
December 13 1999: [A Magellanic Starfield](ap991213.html)
December 12 1999: [NGC 4314: A Nuclear Starburst Ring](ap991212.html)
December 11 1999: [A Close Encounter Of The Stellar Kind](ap991211.html)
December 10 1999: [Spot The Planet](ap991210.html)
December 09 1999: [X-ray Hot Supernova Remnant in the SMC](ap991209.html)
December 08 1999: [Moon Struck](ap991208.html)
December 07 1999: [The Cat's Paw Nebula](ap991207.html)
December 06 1999: [M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT](ap991206.html)
December 05 1999: [Rhea: Saturns Second Largest Moon](ap991205.html)
December 04 1999: [Mars Polar Lander Target Ellipse](ap991204.html)
December 03 1999: [Southern Mars](ap991203.html)
December 02 1999: [1999 Leonid Fireball](ap991202.html)
December 01 1999: [Landing At The Martian South Pole](ap991201.html)
November 30 1999: [Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC](ap991130.html)
November 29 1999: [Arcs and Jets in Herbig Haro 34](ap991129.html)
November 28 1999: [Beneath Venus Clouds](ap991128.html)
November 27 1999: [Runaway Star](ap991127.html)
November 26 1999: [Io Volcano: Pele's Hot Lava](ap991126.html)
November 25 1999: [3C 295: X-rays From A Giant Galaxy](ap991125.html)
November 24 1999: [A Leonids Meteor Storm in 1999](ap991124.html)
November 23 1999: [Leonids Above Torre de la Guaita](ap991123.html)
November 22 1999: [The Crab Nebula from VLT](ap991122.html)
November 21 1999: [Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4881 in Coma](ap991121.html)
November 20 1999: [Small Star](ap991120.html)
November 19 1999: [Mercury And The Sun](ap991119.html)
November 18 1999: [A Sirius Leonid Meteor](ap991118.html)
November 17 1999: [A Leonid Meteor Explodes](ap991117.html)
November 16 1999: [A RADARSAT Map of Antarctica](ap991116.html)
November 15 1999: [In the Shade of a Historic Planet](ap991115.html)
November 14 1999: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap991114.html)
November 13 1999: [Tempel Tuttle: The Leonid Comet](ap991113.html)
November 12 1999: [1998 Leonid Fireball](ap991112.html)
November 11 1999: [Mercury And The Moon](ap991111.html)
November 10 1999: [The Belt of Venus](ap991110.html)
November 09 1999: [Spiral Galaxies in Collision](ap991109.html)
November 08 1999: [Lunation](ap991108.html)
November 07 1999: [The Heart Of NGC 4261](ap991107.html)
November 06 1999: [X-ray Transit of Mercury](ap991106.html)
November 05 1999: [Shadow Of Phobos](ap991105.html)
November 04 1999: [Gamma-Ray Bursting](ap991104.html)
November 03 1999: [M32: Blue Stars in an Elliptical Galaxy](ap991103.html)
November 02 1999: [Aurora Through a Moonlit Sky](ap991102.html)
November 01 1999: [The Rotten Egg Planetary Nebula](ap991101.html)
October 31 1999: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap991031.html)
October 30 1999: [Mars Rocks, Sojourner Rolls](ap991030.html)
October 29 1999: [The USNO Millennium Time Ball](ap991029.html)
October 28 1999: [X-Ray Jet From Centaurus A](ap991028.html)
October 27 1999: [In the Heart of the Tarantula Nebula](ap991027.html)
October 26 1999: [30 Doradus: The Tarantula Nebula](ap991026.html)
October 25 1999: [Neptune in Infrared](ap991025.html)
October 24 1999: [The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun](ap991024.html)
October 23 1999: [M27: Not A Comet](ap991023.html)
October 22 1999: [Iridium 52: Not A Meteor](ap991022.html)
October 21 1999: [Follow The Spots](ap991021.html)
October 20 1999: [NGC 2261: Hubbles Variable Nebula](ap991020.html)
October 19 1999: [Earth's North Magnetic Pole](ap991019.html)
October 18 1999: [NGC 3603: An Active Star Cluster](ap991018.html)
October 17 1999: [Black Holes in Galactic Centres](ap991017.html)
October 16 1999: [Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation](ap991016.html)
October 15 1999: [Moon Crashers](ap991015.html)
October 14 1999: [Moon Over Eugenia](ap991014.html)
October 13 1999: [Ozone Hole Reduced](ap991013.html)
October 12 1999: [NGC 2346: A Butterfly Shaped Planetary Nebula](ap991012.html)
October 11 1999: [Eta Carina in X-Rays](ap991011.html)
October 10 1999: [Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon](ap991010.html)
October 09 1999: [The Frothy Milky Way](ap991009.html)
October 08 1999: [NGC 1365: Barred Spiral Galaxy](ap991008.html)
October 07 1999: [The Averted Side Of The Moon](ap991007.html)
October 06 1999: [Polaris: The North Star](ap991006.html)
October 05 1999: [Two Hours Before Neptune](ap991005.html)
October 04 1999: [The 220 Mirrors of CRTF](ap991004.html)
October 03 1999: [Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Leo I](ap991003.html)
October 02 1999: [Phi Persei: Double Star](ap991002.html)
October 01 1999: [New Stars In 30 Doradus](ap991001.html)
September 30 1999: [Massive Stars Of 30 Doradus](ap990930.html)
September 29 1999: [The Crab Nebula in X-Rays](ap990929.html)
September 28 1999: [Mystery Object Explained](ap990928.html)
September 27 1999: [Our Galaxy in Stars, Gas, and Dust](ap990927.html)
September 26 1999: [M83: A Barred Spiral Galaxy](ap990926.html)
September 25 1999: [Twistin' By The Lagoon](ap990925.html)
September 24 1999: [Cometary Globules In Orion](ap990924.html)
September 23 1999: [Equinox and Eruptive Prominence](ap990923.html)
September 22 1999: [Halos Around the Ring Nebula](ap990922.html)
September 21 1999: [The Quintuplet Star Cluster](ap990921.html)
September 20 1999: [Io in True Colour](ap990920.html)
September 19 1999: [Interstellar Dust-Bunnies of NGC 891](ap990919.html)
September 18 1999: [Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone](ap990918.html)
September 17 1999: [M3: Half A Million Stars](ap990917.html)
September 16 1999: [The Incredible Expanding Cat's Eye](ap990916.html)
September 15 1999: [The Big Corona](ap990915.html)
September 14 1999: [The Colourful Orion Nebula](ap990914.html)
September 13 1999: [Supernova Remnant N132D in X-Rays](ap990913.html)
September 12 1999: [Stonehenge: Ancient Monument to the Sun](ap990912.html)
September 11 1999: [The Annotated Galactic Centre](ap990911.html)
September 10 1999: [Cassini Images The Moon](ap990910.html)
September 09 1999: [Comet Hale Bopp Over the Superstition Mountains](ap990909.html)
September 08 1999: [A Superior Conjunction Of Mercury](ap990908.html)
September 07 1999: [Water Found in Space Rock](ap990907.html)
September 06 1999: [HCG 87: A Small Group of Galaxies](ap990906.html)
September 05 1999: [The Universe Evolves](ap990905.html)
September 04 1999: [The Water Vapor Channel](ap990904.html)
September 03 1999: [Venus Falls Out of the Evening Sky](ap990903.html)
September 02 1999: [Eclipse Over The Mountain](ap990902.html)
September 01 1999: [1999 JM8: A Rock Too Close](ap990901.html)
August 31 1999: [Symbiotic Star Bubbles](ap990831.html)
August 30 1999: [Looking Back on an Eclipsed Earth](ap990830.html)
August 29 1999: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap990829.html)
August 28 1999: [X-Ray Pleiades](ap990828.html)
August 27 1999: [Chandra's First Light: Cassiopeia A](ap990827.html)
August 26 1999: [Cassini Flyby](ap990826.html)
August 25 1999: [Reflections on NGC 6188](ap990825.html)
August 24 1999: [A Network of Microlensing Caustics](ap990824.html)
August 23 1999: [Sundogs over the VLA](ap990823.html)
August 22 1999: [The Centre of Centaurus A](ap990822.html)
August 21 1999: [Galaxies Away](ap990821.html)
August 20 1999: [At The Sun's Edge](ap990820.html)
August 19 1999: [Light From The Dark Sun](ap990819.html)
August 18 1999: [Sun Block](ap990818.html)
August 17 1999: [A Crescent Sunrise](ap990817.html)
August 16 1999: [Mars Weather Watch](ap990816.html)
August 15 1999: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap990815.html)
August 14 1999: [A String Of Pearls](ap990814.html)
August 13 1999: [Eclipse In The Shade](ap990813.html)
August 12 1999: [Deploying Spartan](ap990812.html)
August 11 1999: [A Meteor Over the Anza Borrego Desert](ap990811.html)
August 10 1999: [A Total Eclipse for Europe](ap990810.html)
August 09 1999: [A Martian Dust Storm Approaches](ap990809.html)
August 08 1999: [Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap990808.html)
August 07 1999: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap990807.html)
August 06 1999: [Hubble Tracks Jupiters Great Red Spot](ap990806.html)
August 05 1999: [Asteroid 9969 Braille](ap990805.html)
August 04 1999: [The Surface of Titan](ap990804.html)
August 03 1999: [The Vela Supernova Remnant Expands](ap990803.html)
August 02 1999: [Regulus Occulted](ap990802.html)
August 01 1999: [Walking in Space](ap990801.html)
July 31 1999: [X-Ray Triple Jet](ap990731.html)
July 30 1999: [The Sea of Tranquillity: 5 Seconds To Impact](ap990730.html)
July 29 1999: [Hydrogen Blob N88A in the Small Magellanic Cloud](ap990729.html)
July 28 1999: [Asia at Night](ap990728.html)
July 27 1999: [Chandra X-Ray Telescope](ap990727.html)
July 26 1999: [Noctilucent Clouds](ap990726.html)
July 25 1999: [The Cygnus Loop](ap990725.html)
July 24 1999: [Infrared Saturn](ap990724.html)
July 23 1999: [A Martian Valley](ap990723.html)
July 22 1999: [Cosmic Collisions in a Galaxy Cluster](ap990722.html)
July 21 1999: [Galactic Supernova Remnant IC 443](ap990721.html)
July 20 1999: [Moon Rocket](ap990720.html)
July 19 1999: [NGC 3372: The Great Nebula in Carina](ap990719.html)
July 18 1999: [Jupiter from Voyager](ap990718.html)
July 17 1999: [Rockets and Robert Goddard](ap990717.html)
July 16 1999: [Solar Surfin'](ap990716.html)
July 15 1999: [Charles P. Conrad Jr. 1930-1999](ap990715.html)
July 14 1999: [Moon, Planets, and Rocket Trails](ap990714.html)
July 13 1999: [The Flame Nebula in Infrared](ap990713.html)
July 12 1999: [A Delta Rocket Launches](ap990712.html)
July 11 1999: [Barringer Crater on Earth](ap990711.html)
July 10 1999: [Southern Neptune](ap990710.html)
July 09 1999: [NGC 7789: Galactic Star Cluster](ap990709.html)
July 08 1999: [Eruptive Prominence](ap990708.html)
July 07 1999: [M80: A Dense Globular Cluster](ap990707.html)
July 06 1999: [A Sun Pillar](ap990706.html)
July 05 1999: [Four Faces of Mars](ap990705.html)
July 04 1999: [A Landing On Mars](ap990704.html)
July 03 1999: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap990703.html)
July 02 1999: [Shadow Of A Comet](ap990702.html)
July 01 1999: [Apollo 17's Lunar Rover](ap990701.html)
June 30 1999: [NGC 6934 from Gemini North](ap990630.html)
June 29 1999: [Gemini North Telescope Inaugurated](ap990629.html)
June 28 1999: [From Mars with Love](ap990628.html)
June 27 1999: [COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap990627.html)
June 26 1999: [Shells in the Egg Nebula](ap990626.html)
June 25 1999: [The Gegenschein](ap990625.html)
June 24 1999: [NGC 1365: A Nearby Barred Spiral Galaxy](ap990624.html)
June 23 1999: [The Sudbury Neutrino Detector](ap990623.html)
June 22 1999: [PKS285-02: A Young Planetary Nebula](ap990622.html)
June 21 1999: [The Galactic Centre in Infrared](ap990621.html)
June 20 1999: [A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes](ap990620.html)
June 19 1999: [Venus on the Horizon](ap990619.html)
June 18 1999: [Tharsis Volcanos](ap990618.html)
June 17 1999: [NGC 4565: Needle Galaxy](ap990617.html)
June 16 1999: [Sprite Fireworks](ap990616.html)
June 15 1999: [The Sun Oscillates](ap990615.html)
June 14 1999: [N159 and The Papillon Nebula](ap990614.html)
June 13 1999: [Zodiacal Light](ap990613.html)
June 12 1999: [Venus: Just Passing By](ap990612.html)
June 11 1999: [AB Aurigae: How To Make Planets](ap990611.html)
June 10 1999: [Mjølnir: Impact Crater](ap990610.html)
June 09 1999: [NGC 4414: A Telling Spiral](ap990609.html)
June 08 1999: [Trifid Pillars and Jets](ap990608.html)
June 07 1999: [Starbirth in the Trifid Nebula](ap990607.html)
June 06 1999: [Kepler Discovers How Planets Move](ap990606.html)
June 05 1999: [Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse](ap990605.html)
June 04 1999: [NGC 3603: From Beginning To End](ap990604.html)
June 03 1999: [Methane Dwarf](ap990603.html)
June 02 1999: [Thermal Mars](ap990602.html)
June 01 1999: [A Gallery of Gravitational Mirages](ap990601.html)
May 31 1999: [Uranus Moon 18](ap990531.html)
May 30 1999: [Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky](ap990530.html)
May 29 1999: [The Ecliptic Plane](ap990529.html)
May 28 1999: [Topographical Mars](ap990528.html)
May 27 1999: [NGC 4603 and the Expanding Universe](ap990527.html)
May 26 1999: [GRB 990510: Another Unusual Gamma Ray Burst](ap990526.html)
May 25 1999: [NGC 6872: A Stretched Spiral](ap990525.html)
May 24 1999: [Introducing Nova Velorum 1999](ap990524.html)
May 23 1999: [The Keyhole Nebula](ap990523.html)
May 22 1999: [M42: A Mosaic of Orion's Great Nebula](ap990522.html)
May 21 1999: [Star Party Trails](ap990521.html)
May 20 1999: [Cyclone on Mars](ap990520.html)
May 19 1999: [The Horsehead Nebula](ap990519.html)
May 18 1999: [A Laguna Triangle](ap990518.html)
May 17 1999: [How to Search for Aliens](ap990517.html)
May 16 1999: [Europe at Night](ap990516.html)
May 15 1999: [Star Wars in NGC 664](ap990515.html)
May 14 1999: [Landsat 7 Views Planet Earth](ap990514.html)
May 13 1999: [Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera](ap990513.html)
May 12 1999: [Warped Spiral Galaxy ESO510 13](ap990512.html)
May 11 1999: [Molecular Cloud Barnard 68](ap990511.html)
May 10 1999: [Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A](ap990510.html)
May 09 1999: [Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close](ap990509.html)
May 08 1999: [Moon Occults Saturn](ap990508.html)
May 07 1999: [Hot Stars in the Southern Milky Way](ap990507.html)
May 06 1999: [Liberty Bell 7](ap990506.html)
May 05 1999: [A Solar System Portrait](ap990505.html)
May 04 1999: [Magnetic Mars](ap990504.html)
May 03 1999: [Loop I in the Northern Sky](ap990503.html)
May 02 1999: [Stars from Eagle's Eggs](ap990502.html)
May 01 1999: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap990501.html)
April 30 1999: [Solar Shock Wave](ap990430.html)
April 29 1999: [NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the New General Catalog](ap990429.html)
April 28 1999: [A Sundial for Mars](ap990428.html)
April 27 1999: [Introducing Comet Lee](ap990427.html)
April 26 1999: [USNO A2.0 Catalog: A Digital Sky](ap990426.html)
April 25 1999: [Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater](ap990425.html)
April 24 1999: [Barsoom](ap990424.html)
April 23 1999: [Io Shadow](ap990423.html)
April 22 1999: [Where is Upsilon Andromedae?](ap990422.html)
April 21 1999: [The Nearest Stars](ap990421.html)
April 20 1999: [Candidates for a Hypernova](ap990420.html)
April 19 1999: [The Full Moon](ap990419.html)
April 18 1999: [Moon Over California](ap990418.html)
April 17 1999: [Gamma Ray Moon](ap990417.html)
April 16 1999: [Upsilon Andromedae: An Extra-Solar System](ap990416.html)
April 15 1999: [Apollo 17's Moonship](ap990415.html)
April 14 1999: [The Backyard Universe](ap990414.html)
April 13 1999: [The Case of the Missing Supernova](ap990413.html)
April 12 1999: [Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 4945](ap990412.html)
April 11 1999: [Liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia](ap990411.html)
April 10 1999: [Canaries Sky](ap990410.html)
April 09 1999: [WR 104: Pinwheel Star](ap990409.html)
April 08 1999: [Apollo 12: Surveyor 3 and Intrepid](ap990408.html)
April 07 1999: [Denizen of the Tarantula Nebula](ap990407.html)
April 06 1999: [NGC 6334: The Bear Claw Nebula](ap990406.html)
April 05 1999: [The Launch of STARDUST](ap990405.html)
April 04 1999: [Hot Gas and Dark Matter](ap990404.html)
April 03 1999: [The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz](ap990403.html)
April 02 1999: [Stars of NGC 206](ap990402.html)
April 01 1999: [Ski Mars!](ap990401.html)
March 31 1999: [PG 1115+080: A Gravitational Cloverleaf](ap990331.html)
March 30 1999: [An Anomalous SETI Signal](ap990330.html)
March 29 1999: [NGC 1850: Gas Clouds and Star Clusters](ap990329.html)
March 28 1999: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap990328.html)
March 27 1999: [Stars Without Galaxies](ap990327.html)
March 26 1999: [Impact Moon](ap990326.html)
March 25 1999: [March of the Planets](ap990325.html)
March 24 1999: [Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B](ap990324.html)
March 23 1999: [A Chamaeleon Sky](ap990323.html)
March 22 1999: [An Infrared Galaxy Gallery](ap990322.html)
March 21 1999: [M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap990321.html)
March 20 1999: [Aurora and Orion](ap990320.html)
March 19 1999: [Mapping Mars](ap990319.html)
March 18 1999: [Messier Marathon](ap990318.html)
March 17 1999: [Ice Fishing for Cosmic Neutrinos](ap990317.html)
March 16 1999: [Sigmoids Predict Solar Eruptions](ap990316.html)
March 15 1999: [Happy Face Crater on Mars](ap990315.html)
March 14 1999: [The Comet and the Galaxy](ap990314.html)
March 13 1999: [Phobos Over Mars](ap990313.html)
March 12 1999: [Hydrogen, Helium, and the Stars of M10](ap990312.html)
March 11 1999: [5 Million Miles From Io](ap990311.html)
March 10 1999: [NGC 2997 from VLT Kueyen](ap990310.html)
March 09 1999: [The VLT Interferometric Array](ap990309.html)
March 08 1999: [A Jupiter-Venus Conjunction](ap990308.html)
March 07 1999: [Tycho's Supernova Remnant in X-ray](ap990307.html)
March 06 1999: [Miranda, Chevron, and Alonso](ap990306.html)
March 05 1999: [M46 And NGC 2438: Young And Old](ap990305.html)
March 04 1999: [Ganymede Mosaic](ap990304.html)
March 03 1999: [Infrared Mars](ap990303.html)
March 02 1999: [The Kleinmann Low Nebula](ap990302.html)
March 01 1999: [Reflection Nebula NGC 1435](ap990301.html)
February 28 1999: [Trapezium: Teardrops in My Skies](ap990228.html)
February 27 1999: [Hamlet of Oberon](ap990227.html)
February 26 1999: [Dark Cloud](ap990226.html)
February 25 1999: [NGC 6712: Galactic Globular Cluster](ap990225.html)
February 24 1999: [A Milky Way Band](ap990224.html)
February 23 1999: [Construction of International Space Station Begins](ap990223.html)
February 22 1999: [NGC 1316: After Galaxies Collide](ap990222.html)
February 21 1999: [In the Centre of 30 Doradus](ap990221.html)
February 20 1999: [Astro-1 In Orbit](ap990220.html)
February 19 1999: [On The Trail Of A Fireball](ap990219.html)
February 18 1999: [Aerogel For Stardust](ap990218.html)
February 17 1999: [Hickson Compact Group 40](ap990217.html)
February 16 1999: [The Large and Small of M87](ap990216.html)
February 15 1999: [La Nina Earth](ap990215.html)
February 14 1999: [Dark Sky, Bright Sun](ap990214.html)
February 13 1999: [Pluto: The Frozen Planet](ap990213.html)
February 12 1999: [Lunar Close Up](ap990212.html)
February 11 1999: [A Disk and Jet in Haro 6-5B](ap990211.html)
February 10 1999: [GRB 990123 Host Galaxy Imaged](ap990210.html)
February 09 1999: [A Supernova Starfield](ap990209.html)
February 08 1999: [The Solar Wind Emerges](ap990208.html)
February 07 1999: [Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon](ap990207.html)
February 06 1999: [The First Explorer](ap990206.html)
February 05 1999: [HR 4796A: Not Saturn](ap990205.html)
February 04 1999: [Spiral Sunspot](ap990204.html)
February 03 1999: [A Galactic Mushroom Cloud](ap990203.html)
February 02 1999: [The Orion Nebula from Subaru](ap990202.html)
February 01 1999: [The Subaru Telescope](ap990201.html)
January 31 1999: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap990131.html)
January 30 1999: [Stereo Saturn](ap990130.html)
January 29 1999: [The Moon In January](ap990129.html)
January 28 1999: [The Galactic Centre - A Radio Mystery](ap990128.html)
January 27 1999: [Hypatia of Alexandria](ap990127.html)
January 26 1999: [M17: The Omega Nebula](ap990126.html)
January 25 1999: [Galaxy And Gamma Ray Burst](ap990125.html)
January 24 1999: [A Venus Landing](ap990124.html)
January 23 1999: [Saturnian Aurora](ap990123.html)
January 22 1999: [Pegasus dSph: Little Galaxy of the Local Group](ap990122.html)
January 21 1999: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 253](ap990121.html)
January 20 1999: [Possible Planets And Infrared Dust](ap990120.html)
January 19 1999: [Telescope with Lightning](ap990119.html)
January 18 1999: [Kitt Peak National Observatory](ap990118.html)
January 17 1999: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap990117.html)
January 16 1999: [Spiral Eddies On Planet Earth](ap990116.html)
January 15 1999: [Reflections Of Orion](ap990115.html)
January 14 1999: [Crosby Ramsey Memorial Observatory Refractor](ap990114.html)
January 13 1999: [Sagittarius Star Cloud](ap990113.html)
January 12 1999: [The Wind on Mars](ap990112.html)
January 11 1999: [Perihelion Sun](ap990111.html)
January 10 1999: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap990110.html)
January 09 1999: [Lunokhod: Moon Robot](ap990109.html)
January 08 1999: [Invader From Earth](ap990108.html)
January 07 1999: [The Ring](ap990107.html)
January 06 1999: [M6: The Butterfly Cluster](ap990106.html)
January 05 1999: [A New Jupiter Oval Rotates](ap990105.html)
January 04 1999: [Ring Around the Cluster](ap990104.html)
January 03 1999: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap990103.html)
January 02 1999: [Mercury: A Cratered Inferno](ap990102.html)
January 01 1999: [G23: Merging Galaxies](ap990101.html)
December 31 1998: [The Year of Distant Supernovae](ap981231.html)
December 30 1998: [Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe](ap981230.html)
December 29 1998: [A Geminid from Gemini](ap981229.html)
December 28 1998: [NEAR to Asteroid Eros](ap981228.html)
December 27 1998: [M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula](ap981227.html)
December 26 1998: [Gamma Ray Quasar](ap981226.html)
December 25 1998: [Nebulae For Christmas](ap981225.html)
December 24 1998: [Mars Climate Orbiter Launches](ap981224.html)
December 23 1998: [Ring Around the Galaxy](ap981223.html)
December 22 1998: [Dawn of the Leonids](ap981222.html)
December 21 1998: [Solstice Sun In Soft X-rays](ap981221.html)
December 20 1998: [Edge On Spiral Galaxy NGC 891](ap981220.html)
December 19 1998: [Cartwheel Of Fortune](ap981219.html)
December 18 1998: [TT Cygni: Carbon Star](ap981218.html)
December 17 1998: [The Night Shift](ap981217.html)
December 16 1998: [3-D Mars North Pole](ap981216.html)
December 15 1998: [Plains and Ridges on Europa](ap981215.html)
December 14 1998: [The Hubble Deep Field South](ap981214.html)
December 13 1998: [Blasting Off from the Moon](ap981213.html)
December 12 1998: [Driving To The Sun](ap981212.html)
December 11 1998: [High Redshift Quasars](ap981211.html)
December 10 1998: [Assembling The International Space Station](ap981210.html)
December 09 1998: [NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy](ap981209.html)
December 08 1998: [Leonids from Leo](ap981208.html)
December 07 1998: [Star Forming Region RCW38](ap981207.html)
December 06 1998: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap981206.html)
December 05 1998: [Surveyor Hops](ap981205.html)
December 04 1998: [Centaurus A: The Galaxy Deep Inside](ap981204.html)
December 03 1998: [Deep Space 1](ap981203.html)
December 02 1998: [A Deep Field In The Southern Sky](ap981202.html)
December 01 1998: [Cepheus 1: Nearby Galaxy Hiding](ap981201.html)
November 30 1998: [An Annotated Leonid](ap981130.html)
November 29 1998: [Arecibo: The Largest Telescope](ap981129.html)
November 28 1998: [A Lonely Neutron Star](ap981128.html)
November 27 1998: [Twisting Meteor Train](ap981127.html)
November 26 1998: [Meteor Milky Way](ap981126.html)
November 25 1998: [A Leonid Bolide Over Kansas](ap981125.html)
November 24 1998: [Seven Leonids Over Wise Observatory](ap981124.html)
November 23 1998: [A Leonid Meteor Explodes](ap981123.html)
November 22 1998: [The High Energy Crab Nebula](ap981122.html)
November 21 1998: [Catching Falling Stardust](ap981121.html)
November 20 1998: [Green Fireball](ap981120.html)
November 19 1998: [Bright Leonids](ap981119.html)
November 18 1998: [Close Up of the Bubble Nebula](ap981118.html)
November 17 1998: [NGC 7635: The Bubble Nebula](ap981117.html)
November 16 1998: [Leonids 1998: A Safe Meteor Storm](ap981116.html)
November 15 1998: [Deimos: A Small Martian Moon](ap981115.html)
November 14 1998: [Surveyor Slides](ap981114.html)
November 13 1998: [A Leonid Fireball From 1966](ap981113.html)
November 12 1998: [GLAST Gamma Ray Sky Simulation](ap981112.html)
November 11 1998: [Aurora Above](ap981111.html)
November 10 1998: [NGC 3132: The Eight Burst Nebula](ap981110.html)
November 09 1998: [WR124: Stellar Fireball](ap981109.html)
November 08 1998: [Leonid Meteor Shower Next Week](ap981108.html)
November 07 1998: [Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae](ap981107.html)
November 06 1998: [Cutaway Callisto: Ice, Rock, And Ocean](ap981106.html)
November 05 1998: [Natural Saturn On The Cassini Cruise](ap981105.html)
November 04 1998: [Cosmology Solved?](ap981104.html)
November 03 1998: [Sextans A: A Seemingly Square Galaxy](ap981103.html)
November 02 1998: [PG 1115: A Ghost of Lensing Past](ap981102.html)
November 01 1998: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap981101.html)
October 31 1998: [Bats And The Barren Moon](ap981031.html)
October 30 1998: [John Glenn: Discovery Launch](ap981030.html)
October 29 1998: [John Glenn: Friendship 7 To Discovery](ap981029.html)
October 28 1998: [NGC 6210: The Turtle in Space Planetary Nebula](ap981028.html)
October 27 1998: [Henrietta Leavitt Calibrates the Stars](ap981027.html)
October 26 1998: [An Ion Drive for Deep Space 1](ap981026.html)
October 25 1998: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap981025.html)
October 24 1998: [The Sun Also Rises](ap981024.html)
October 23 1998: [Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7742](ap981023.html)
October 22 1998: [Jupiter: When Storms Collide](ap981022.html)
October 21 1998: [The Case of the Missing Aurora](ap981021.html)
October 20 1998: [Infrared Uranus](ap981020.html)
October 19 1998: [Olympus Mons From Orbit](ap981019.html)
October 18 1998: [Saturns Rings Seen Sideways](ap981018.html)
October 17 1998: [A Giant Globular Cluster in M31](ap981017.html)
October 16 1998: [Io Aurora](ap981016.html)
October 15 1998: [A Great Day For SOHO](ap981015.html)
October 14 1998: [The World's Largest Ozone Hole](ap981014.html)
October 13 1998: [In the Centre of the Dumbbell Nebula](ap981013.html)
October 12 1998: [The Hubble Deep Field in Infrared](ap981012.html)
October 11 1998: [Resolving Mira](ap981011.html)
October 10 1998: [Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation](ap981010.html)
October 09 1998: [M27: Not A Comet](ap981009.html)
October 08 1998: [Far Side of the Moon](ap981008.html)
October 07 1998: [Ocean Planet Pole To Pole](ap981007.html)
October 06 1998: [Comet Williams in 1998](ap981006.html)
October 05 1998: [A Sunspot Up Close](ap981005.html)
October 04 1998: [One Small Step](ap981004.html)
October 03 1998: [Sputnik: Traveling Companion](ap981003.html)
October 02 1998: [Magnetar In The Sky](ap981002.html)
October 01 1998: [Happy 40th Birthday, NASA!](ap981001.html)
September 30 1998: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232](ap980930.html)
September 29 1998: [A Peculiar Cluster of Galaxies](ap980929.html)
September 28 1998: [A Hurricane in the Gulf](ap980928.html)
September 27 1998: [Albert Einstein Describes Space and Time](ap980927.html)
September 26 1998: [Space Walz](ap980926.html)
September 25 1998: [Twin Proto-Planetary Disks](ap980925.html)
September 24 1998: [The North Pole Of Mars](ap980924.html)
September 23 1998: [Autumn and the Active Sun](ap980923.html)
September 22 1998: [M61: Virgo Spiral Galaxy](ap980922.html)
September 21 1998: [NGC 281: Cluster, Clouds, and Globules](ap980921.html)
September 20 1998: [Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System](ap980920.html)
September 19 1998: [18 Miles From Deimos](ap980919.html)
September 18 1998: [Lunar Prospects](ap980918.html)
September 17 1998: [Radio, The Big Ear, And The Wow! Signal](ap980917.html)
September 16 1998: [Jupiters Rings Revealed](ap980916.html)
September 15 1998: [The NTT SUSI Deep Field](ap980915.html)
September 14 1998: [Dust Hip Deep on Phobos](ap980914.html)
September 13 1998: [Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope](ap980913.html)
September 12 1998: [Star Trails in Northern Skies](ap980912.html)
September 11 1998: [Help Map The Moon](ap980911.html)
September 10 1998: [Europa: Ridges and Rafts on a Frozen Moon](ap980910.html)
September 09 1998: [Crater Copernicus](ap980909.html)
September 08 1998: [A Cluster Too Far](ap980908.html)
September 07 1998: [The Sky Towards Sagittarius](ap980907.html)
September 06 1998: [Mariner's Mercury](ap980906.html)
September 05 1998: [The Pulsar Powered Crab](ap980905.html)
September 04 1998: [Nozomi: Earth and Moon](ap980904.html)
September 03 1998: [SGR 1900+14 : Magnetar](ap980903.html)
September 02 1998: [Saturn from Earth](ap980902.html)
September 01 1998: [A Colourful Aurora](ap980901.html)
August 31 1998: [A3827: Cluster Cannibal](ap980831.html)
August 30 1998: [The Sun Erupts](ap980830.html)
August 29 1998: [Orion Star Colours](ap980829.html)
August 28 1998: [Hydrogen Trifid](ap980828.html)
August 27 1998: [Hercules Galaxies](ap980827.html)
August 26 1998: [The Magellanic Stream](ap980826.html)
August 25 1998: [Moon, Venus, Jupiter, Phoenix](ap980825.html)
August 24 1998: [An Annular Eclipse of the Sun](ap980824.html)
August 23 1998: [Vega](ap980823.html)
August 22 1998: [Twistin' by the Lagoon](ap980822.html)
August 21 1998: [A Massive Cluster In A Young Universe](ap980821.html)
August 20 1998: [SOHO Composite: Coronal Mass Ejection](ap980820.html)
August 19 1998: [M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules](ap980819.html)
August 18 1998: [APM 08279+5255: The Brightest Object Yet Known](ap980818.html)
August 17 1998: [Comet Hyakutake and the Milky Way](ap980817.html)
August 16 1998: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap980816.html)
August 15 1998: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap980815.html)
August 14 1998: [The Dunes Of Mars](ap980814.html)
August 13 1998: [The Moons Of Earth](ap980813.html)
August 12 1998: [ERAST Pathfinder Plus: Daedalus Defied](ap980812.html)
August 11 1998: [Sun Dance](ap980811.html)
August 10 1998: [Meteors Now and Again](ap980810.html)
August 09 1998: [Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula](ap980809.html)
August 08 1998: [The Cygnus Loop](ap980808.html)
August 07 1998: [M65 Without Moth](ap980807.html)
August 06 1998: [Infrared Horsehead](ap980806.html)
August 05 1998: [Ganymede: Torn Comet - Crater Chain](ap980805.html)
August 04 1998: [Jupiter Swallows Comet Shoemaker Levy 9](ap980804.html)
August 03 1998: [M44: A Beehive of Stars](ap980803.html)
August 02 1998: [Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges](ap980802.html)
August 01 1998: [A String Of Pearls](ap980801.html)
July 31 1998: [IRAS Orion](ap980731.html)
July 30 1998: [Volcanos on Mars: Elysium Region](ap980730.html)
July 29 1998: [The High Energy Heart Of The Milky Way](ap980729.html)
July 28 1998: [Impact on Jupiter](ap980728.html)
July 27 1998: [N81: Starbirth in the SMC](ap980727.html)
July 26 1998: [Antares](ap980726.html)
July 25 1998: [Hawaii](ap980725.html)
July 24 1998: [Alan B. Shepard Jr. 1923-1998](ap980724.html)
July 23 1998: [X-Ray Pulsar](ap980723.html)
July 22 1998: [Dark Craters on Ganymede](ap980722.html)
July 21 1998: [Nearby Spiral M33](ap980721.html)
July 20 1998: [La Nina Watch](ap980720.html)
July 19 1998: [Globular Cluster M3](ap980719.html)
July 18 1998: [Rockets and Robert Goddard](ap980718.html)
July 17 1998: [Hyakutake: Stars Through A Comet's Tail](ap980717.html)
July 16 1998: [X-Ray Triple Jet](ap980716.html)
July 15 1998: [Ghost Galaxy NGC 2915](ap980715.html)
July 14 1998: [At Work on Mars](ap980714.html)
July 13 1998: [GRB 980703: A Reassuring Redshift](ap980713.html)
July 12 1998: [Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face](ap980712.html)
July 11 1998: [M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy](ap980711.html)
July 10 1998: [NGC 1531/2: Interacting Galaxies](ap980710.html)
July 09 1998: [Hale-Bopp: The Crowd Pleaser Comet](ap980709.html)
July 08 1998: [Mysterious Pluto and Charon](ap980708.html)
July 07 1998: [M8: The Lagoon Nebula](ap980707.html)
July 06 1998: [Sizzling Io](ap980706.html)
July 05 1998: [Apollo 15's Home on the Moon](ap980705.html)
July 04 1998: [The Firework Nebula](ap980704.html)
July 03 1998: [Mir Above](ap980703.html)
July 02 1998: [X-ray Transit of Mercury](ap980702.html)
July 01 1998: [NGC 1808: A Nearby Starburst Galaxy](ap980701.html)
June 30 1998: [The Universe Evolves](ap980630.html)
June 29 1998: [Solar Magnetic Bananas](ap980629.html)
June 28 1998: [Comet Hale Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap980628.html)
June 27 1998: [Southern Neptune](ap980627.html)
June 26 1998: [A Planet For Gliese 876](ap980626.html)
June 25 1998: [NGC 4650A: Strange Galaxy and Dark Matter](ap980625.html)
June 24 1998: [Sparkling Star May Indicate Galactic Composition](ap980624.html)
June 23 1998: [A Slice Through an Artificial Universe](ap980623.html)
June 22 1998: [The Doomed Dust Disk of NGC 7052](ap980622.html)
June 21 1998: [Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe](ap980621.html)
June 20 1998: [Pioneer 10: The First 6 Billion Miles](ap980620.html)
June 19 1998: [Good Morning Mars](ap980619.html)
June 18 1998: [Cosmic Rays and Supernova Dust](ap980618.html)
June 17 1998: [The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope](ap980617.html)
June 16 1998: [An Active Region of the Sun](ap980616.html)
June 15 1998: [NGC 4314: A Nuclear Starburst Ring](ap980615.html)
June 14 1998: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Images](ap980614.html)
June 13 1998: [Henize 70: A SuperBubble In The LMC](ap980613.html)
June 12 1998: [Orion Nebula: The 2MASS View](ap980612.html)
June 11 1998: [SOHO's Twin Sungrazers](ap980611.html)
June 10 1998: [NGC 6070: First Light for Sloan](ap980610.html)
June 09 1998: [Ice Cusps on Europa](ap980609.html)
June 08 1998: [A Mars Glint](ap980608.html)
June 07 1998: [The Hubble Deep Field](ap980607.html)
June 06 1998: [M100: A Grand Design](ap980606.html)
June 05 1998: [Neutrinos in the Sun](ap980605.html)
June 04 1998: [Comet SOHO and Nebulae in Orion](ap980604.html)
June 03 1998: [Martian Crater Shows Evidence of Dried Pond](ap980603.html)
June 02 1998: [NGC 6302: The Butterfly Nebula](ap980602.html)
June 01 1998: [Solar Flares Cause Sun Quakes](ap980601.html)
May 31 1998: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap980531.html)
May 30 1998: [Water World](ap980530.html)
May 29 1998: [An Extrasolar Planet?](ap980529.html)
May 28 1998: [Afterglow](ap980528.html)
May 27 1998: [Magnetar](ap980527.html)
May 26 1998: [A Seemingly Square Sun](ap980526.html)
May 25 1998: [M83: A Barred Spiral Galaxy](ap980525.html)
May 24 1998: [A High Energy Fleet](ap980524.html)
May 23 1998: [7,000 Stars And The Milky Way](ap980523.html)
May 22 1998: [The Centre of Centaurus A](ap980522.html)
May 21 1998: [Bright Comet SOHO](ap980521.html)
May 20 1998: [Discovery Image: Comet SOHO (1998 J1)](ap980520.html)
May 19 1998: [Apollo 11: Onto a New World](ap980519.html)
May 18 1998: [NGC 6369: A Donut Shaped Nebula](ap980518.html)
May 17 1998: [Our Solar System from Voyager](ap980517.html)
May 16 1998: [Helios Helium](ap980516.html)
May 15 1998: [TRACE and the Active Sun](ap980515.html)
May 14 1998: [Comet Stonehouse](ap980514.html)
May 13 1998: [Occultations and Rising Moons](ap980513.html)
May 12 1998: [Callisto Enhanced](ap980512.html)
May 11 1998: [Callisto in True Colour](ap980511.html)
May 10 1998: [Skylab Over Earth](ap980510.html)
May 09 1998: [The Water Vapor Channel](ap980509.html)
May 08 1998: [A Gamma Ray Burst Supernova?](ap980508.html)
May 07 1998: [A Powerful Gamma Ray Burst](ap980507.html)
May 06 1998: [Beijing Ancient Observatory](ap980506.html)
May 05 1998: [Aurora at Midnight](ap980505.html)
May 04 1998: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap980504.html)
May 03 1998: [Standing on the Moon](ap980503.html)
May 02 1998: [The Frothy Milky Way](ap980502.html)
May 01 1998: [Venus: Just Passing By](ap980501.html)
April 30 1998: [Mars: Big Crater in Stereo](ap980430.html)
April 29 1998: [Tornadoes on the Sun](ap980429.html)
April 28 1998: [A Rare Double Conjunction Eclipse](ap980428.html)
April 27 1998: [IC 4406: A Seemingly Square Nebula](ap980427.html)
April 26 1998: [NGC 2440: Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap980426.html)
April 25 1998: [Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star](ap980425.html)
April 24 1998: [Infrared Saturn](ap980424.html)
April 23 1998: [Three Dusty Stars](ap980423.html)
April 22 1998: [HR 4796A: A Recipe for Planets](ap980422.html)
April 21 1998: [Water From Orion](ap980421.html)
April 20 1998: [Name This Satellite](ap980420.html)
April 19 1998: [Betelgeuse](ap980419.html)
April 18 1998: [Star Wars in NGC 664](ap980418.html)
April 17 1998: [Mars: Looking For Viking](ap980417.html)
April 16 1998: [Mars: Cydonia Close Up](ap980416.html)
April 15 1998: [NGC 1818: Pick A Star](ap980415.html)
April 14 1998: [Starlight Reflections](ap980414.html)
April 13 1998: [The Sun Changes](ap980413.html)
April 12 1998: [Stars from Eagle's EGGs](ap980412.html)
April 11 1998: [NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery](ap980411.html)
April 10 1998: [Hyakutake: Comet Atmosphere](ap980410.html)
April 09 1998: [Quasar in an Elliptical Galaxy](ap980409.html)
April 08 1998: [Nabta: Older than Stonehenge](ap980408.html)
April 07 1998: [Return To Cydonia](ap980407.html)
April 06 1998: [A Face On Mars](ap980406.html)
April 05 1998: [X-Ray Pleiades](ap980405.html)
April 04 1998: [Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone](ap980404.html)
April 03 1998: [Hen 1357: New Born Nebula](ap980403.html)
April 02 1998: [Iridium Flare](ap980402.html)
April 01 1998: [Astronaut Kicks Lunar Field Goal](ap980401.html)
March 31 1998: [M20: The Trifid Nebula](ap980331.html)
March 30 1998: [A Bulls Eye Einstein Ring](ap980330.html)
March 29 1998: [NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster](ap980329.html)
March 28 1998: [Von Braun's Wheel](ap980328.html)
March 27 1998: [Lunar Dust and Duct Tape](ap980327.html)
March 26 1998: [Galaxies Away](ap980326.html)
March 25 1998: [Planetary Nebula NGC 7027 in Infrared](ap980325.html)
March 24 1998: [A Baby Galaxy](ap980324.html)
March 23 1998: [Starbirth in NGC 1808](ap980323.html)
March 22 1998: [Sunspots: Magnetic Depressions](ap980322.html)
March 21 1998: [The Gamma Ray Sky](ap980321.html)
March 20 1998: [Mars: Ridges Near the South Pole](ap980320.html)
March 19 1998: [Mars: A Canyon's Edge](ap980319.html)
March 18 1998: [Interstellar Dust Bunnies of NGC 891](ap980318.html)
March 17 1998: [Clouds Over Tharsis on Mars](ap980317.html)
March 16 1998: [Asteroids in the Distance](ap980316.html)
March 15 1998: [Unusual M82: The Cigar Galaxy](ap980315.html)
March 14 1998: [A Spiral Galaxy Gallery](ap980314.html)
March 13 1998: [Asteroids](ap980313.html)
March 12 1998: [Moon Shadow](ap980312.html)
March 11 1998: [A Total Eclipse of the Sun](ap980311.html)
March 10 1998: [Cracks and Ridges on Europa](ap980310.html)
March 09 1998: [Yogi Rock on Mars](ap980309.html)
March 08 1998: [Shuttle Engine Blast](ap980308.html)
March 07 1998: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap980307.html)
March 06 1998: [Water Ice At The Lunar Poles](ap980306.html)
March 05 1998: [Canaries Sky](ap980305.html)
March 04 1998: [Aurora Over Alaska](ap980304.html)
March 03 1998: [560 Kilometers Above Europa](ap980303.html)
March 02 1998: [Rumors of a Strange Universe](ap980302.html)
March 01 1998: [A Sky Full Of Hydrogen](ap980301.html)
February 28 1998: [Eagle Eggs in M16](ap980228.html)
February 27 1998: [Solar Eclipse: A Composite View](ap980227.html)
February 26 1998: [A Southern Sky View](ap980226.html)
February 25 1998: [The Solar Neighborhood](ap980225.html)
February 24 1998: [The Lyman Alpha Forest](ap980224.html)
February 23 1998: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap980223.html)
February 22 1998: [Southern Lights and Shuttle Glow](ap980222.html)
February 21 1998: [Neptune: Big Blue Giant](ap980221.html)
February 20 1998: [Hale-Bopp: A Continuing Tail](ap980220.html)
February 19 1998: [Miranda](ap980219.html)
February 18 1998: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap980218.html)
February 17 1998: [Shocked by Supernova 1987a](ap980217.html)
February 16 1998: [Sagittarius Dwarf to Collide with Milky Way](ap980216.html)
February 15 1998: [Stars Without Galaxies](ap980215.html)
February 14 1998: [The Rosette Nebula](ap980214.html)
February 13 1998: [Explorer I](ap980213.html)
February 12 1998: [In A Grand Canyon On Mars](ap980212.html)
February 11 1998: [Ultra-Fast Pulsar](ap980211.html)
February 10 1998: [All of Mars](ap980210.html)
February 09 1998: [The Witch Head Nebula](ap980209.html)
February 08 1998: [M1: Filaments of the Crab Nebula](ap980208.html)
February 07 1998: [COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known](ap980207.html)
February 06 1998: [Happy Birthday Jules Verne](ap980206.html)
February 05 1998: [A Martian River Bed?](ap980205.html)
February 04 1998: [A Passing Spaceship Views Earth](ap980204.html)
February 03 1998: [A Magellanic Mural](ap980203.html)
February 02 1998: [A Triple Eclipse on Jupiter](ap980202.html)
February 01 1998: [NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion](ap980201.html)
January 31 1998: [Hamlet of Oberon](ap980131.html)
January 30 1998: [Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet](ap980130.html)
January 29 1998: [The Earth-Moon System](ap980129.html)
January 28 1998: [The Infrared Sky](ap980128.html)
January 27 1998: [The Great Nebula in Orion](ap980127.html)
January 26 1998: [Interplanetary Spaceship Passes Earth](ap980126.html)
January 25 1998: [The Small Cloud of Magellan (SMC)](ap980125.html)
January 24 1998: [The Large Cloud Of Magellan (LMC)](ap980124.html)
January 23 1998: [Jovian Aurora](ap980123.html)
January 22 1998: [Closer To Beta Pic](ap980122.html)
January 21 1998: [Our Dusty Universe](ap980121.html)
January 20 1998: [Arachnoids on Venus](ap980120.html)
January 19 1998: [The Hubble 5 Planetary Nebula](ap980119.html)
January 18 1998: [Saturn, Rings, and Two Moons](ap980118.html)
January 17 1998: [At The Core Of M15](ap980117.html)
January 16 1998: [Dusting Spiral Galaxies](ap980116.html)
January 15 1998: [Eugene Shoemaker: 1928-1997](ap980115.html)
January 14 1998: [A Distant Destiny](ap980114.html)
January 13 1998: [El Nino Water Rhythm](ap980113.html)
January 12 1998: [The Keyhole Nebula](ap980112.html)
January 11 1998: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap980111.html)
January 10 1998: [Disorder in Stephan's Quintet](ap980110.html)
January 09 1998: [Saturnian Aurora](ap980109.html)
January 08 1998: [Destination: Moon](ap980108.html)
January 07 1998: [The Colourful Moon](ap980107.html)
January 06 1998: [The Red Spider Planetary Nebula](ap980106.html)
January 05 1998: [Earth's Richat Structure](ap980105.html)
January 04 1998: [Fractal Interstellar Dust Up Close](ap980104.html)
January 03 1998: [The Barren Moon](ap980103.html)
January 02 1998: [Europa's Disconnected Surface](ap980102.html)
January 01 1998: [The Largest Rock Known](ap980101.html)
December 31 1997: [NGC 5307: A Symmetric Planetary Nebula](ap971231.html)
December 30 1997: [NGC 7009: The Saturn Nebula](ap971230.html)
December 29 1997: [The Milky Way in Infrared](ap971229.html)
December 28 1997: [Pluto: The Frozen Planet](ap971228.html)
December 27 1997: [Keck: The Largest Optical Telescopes](ap971227.html)
December 26 1997: [West Of The Great Red Spot](ap971226.html)
December 25 1997: [A Hale-Bopp Holiday](ap971225.html)
December 24 1997: [30 Doradus Across the Spectrum](ap971224.html)
December 23 1997: [M2-9: Wings of a Planetary Nebula](ap971223.html)
December 22 1997: [David N. Schramm, 1945-1997](ap971222.html)
December 21 1997: [A Winter Solstice](ap971221.html)
December 20 1997: [Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater](ap971220.html)
December 19 1997: [NGC 6826: The Blinking Eye](ap971219.html)
December 18 1997: [Gamma-Ray Burster](ap971218.html)
December 17 1997: [Stonehenge: Ancient Monument to the Sun](ap971217.html)
December 16 1997: [Night Lightning on Jupiter](ap971216.html)
December 15 1997: [A Farewell to Tails](ap971215.html)
December 14 1997: [The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz](ap971214.html)
December 13 1997: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap971213.html)
December 12 1997: [Phi Persei: Double Star](ap971212.html)
December 11 1997: [A Martian Lake Bed?](ap971211.html)
December 10 1997: [Sprint the Flying Space Camera](ap971210.html)
December 09 1997: [Mysterious Features on Ganymede](ap971209.html)
December 08 1997: [The Trifid Nebula in Red, White and Blue](ap971208.html)
December 07 1997: [A Distant Cluster of Galaxies](ap971207.html)
December 06 1997: [A Quasar Portrait Gallery](ap971206.html)
December 05 1997: [Seeing Through Galaxies](ap971205.html)
December 04 1997: [A Sky Full Of Planets](ap971204.html)
December 03 1997: [Runaway Star](ap971203.html)
December 02 1997: [Micro-Quasar GRS1915 Puffs](ap971202.html)
December 01 1997: [Orion: The Big Picture](ap971201.html)
November 30 1997: [Mercury: A Cratered Inferno](ap971130.html)
November 29 1997: [Lasers in Eta Carinae](ap971129.html)
November 28 1997: [Beta Pictoris Revisited](ap971128.html)
November 27 1997: [Jupiter's Inner Moons](ap971127.html)
November 26 1997: [Uranian Moons, Rings, And Clouds](ap971126.html)
November 25 1997: [The Comet and the Galaxy](ap971125.html)
November 24 1997: [Jet Near Light Speed](ap971124.html)
November 23 1997: [Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon](ap971123.html)
November 22 1997: [Surveyor Hops](ap971122.html)
November 21 1997: [Jupiter: Moon, Ring, and Clouds](ap971121.html)
November 20 1997: [Escape From The Sun](ap971120.html)
November 19 1997: [Diffraction Spikes: When Stars Look Like Crosses](ap971119.html)
November 18 1997: [In the Centre of the Trapezium](ap971118.html)
November 17 1997: [Barringer Crater on Earth](ap971117.html)
November 16 1997: [The Leonid Meteor Shower](ap971116.html)
November 15 1997: [Uranus: The Tilted Planet](ap971115.html)
November 14 1997: [Irregular Galaxy Sextans A](ap971114.html)
November 13 1997: [Mars: A Sheer Close Up](ap971113.html)
November 12 1997: [El Nino Earth](ap971112.html)
November 11 1997: [The Annotated Galactic Centre](ap971111.html)
November 10 1997: [Dark Volcano Active on Io](ap971110.html)
November 09 1997: [Surveyor Slides](ap971109.html)
November 08 1997: [Aristarchus' Unbelievable Discoveries](ap971108.html)
November 07 1997: [Evidence for Frame Dragging Black Holes](ap971107.html)
November 06 1997: [The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun](ap971106.html)
November 05 1997: [The Milky Way's Gamma-Ray Halo](ap971105.html)
November 04 1997: [Blue Stagglers in Globular Clusters](ap971104.html)
November 03 1997: [Irregular Moons Discovered Around Uranus](ap971103.html)
November 02 1997: [White Dwarf Stars Cool](ap971102.html)
November 01 1997: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap971101.html)
October 31 1997: [Haunting Mars](ap971031.html)
October 30 1997: [3D View Of Jupiter's Clouds](ap971030.html)
October 29 1997: [Stereo Saturn](ap971029.html)
October 28 1997: [Rafting for Solar Neutrinos](ap971028.html)
October 27 1997: [Closeup of Antennae Galaxy Collision](ap971027.html)
October 26 1997: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap971026.html)
October 25 1997: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap971025.html)
October 24 1997: [Moving Echoes Around SN 1987A](ap971024.html)
October 23 1997: [Echoes of Supernova 1987A](ap971023.html)
October 22 1997: [The Antennae Galaxies](ap971022.html)
October 21 1997: [The Butterfly Planetary Nebula](ap971021.html)
October 20 1997: [Spiral Eddies On Planet Earth](ap971020.html)
October 19 1997: [The Heart Of NGC 4261](ap971019.html)
October 18 1997: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap971018.html)
October 17 1997: [Mars: A Mist In Mariner Valley](ap971017.html)
October 16 1997: [Cassini To Venus](ap971016.html)
October 15 1997: [Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula](ap971015.html)
October 14 1997: [Venus On The Horizon](ap971014.html)
October 13 1997: [Ice Clouds over Mars](ap971013.html)
October 12 1997: [Impact! 65 Million Years Ago](ap971012.html)
October 11 1997: [Floating Free in Space](ap971011.html)
October 10 1997: [Mars Pathfinder Super Pan](ap971010.html)
October 09 1997: [Hale Bopp and the North American Nebula](ap971009.html)
October 08 1997: [The Brightest Star Yet Known](ap971008.html)
October 07 1997: [Europe at Night](ap971007.html)
October 06 1997: [Surveyor At Mars](ap971006.html)
October 05 1997: [Worlds of a Distant Sun: 47 Ursae Majoris b](ap971005.html)
October 04 1997: [In the Centre of 30 Doradus](ap971004.html)
October 03 1997: [Comet Halley and the Milky Way](ap971003.html)
October 02 1997: [Colliding Supernova Remnants](ap971002.html)
October 01 1997: [Maria Mitchell Inspires a Generation](ap971001.html)
September 30 1997: [Half Dome Rock on Mars](ap970930.html)
September 29 1997: [Jupiter And Family](ap970929.html)
September 28 1997: [A Wolf Rayet Star Bubble](ap970928.html)
September 27 1997: [The Ecliptic Plane](ap970927.html)
September 26 1997: [A Lonely Neutron Star](ap970926.html)
September 25 1997: [T Pyxidis: Recurrent Nova](ap970925.html)
September 24 1997: [Moon Occults Saturn](ap970924.html)
September 23 1997: [A Martian Autumn Begins](ap970923.html)
September 22 1997: [Antares and Rho Ophiuchi](ap970922.html)
September 21 1997: [Looking Down on Saturn](ap970921.html)
September 20 1997: [The Clouds of Jupiter](ap970920.html)
September 19 1997: [Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae](ap970919.html)
September 18 1997: [Erupting Sun](ap970918.html)
September 17 1997: [GRB Fireball Persists](ap970917.html)
September 16 1997: [Moon Over Mongolia](ap970916.html)
September 15 1997: [Olympus Mons on Mars: The Largest Volcano](ap970915.html)
September 14 1997: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula](ap970914.html)
September 13 1997: [Kepler Discovers How Planets Move](ap970913.html)
September 12 1997: [The Centre of NGC 6251 is Glowing](ap970912.html)
September 11 1997: [Mars Global Surveyor: Aerobraking](ap970911.html)
September 10 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp Outbound](ap970910.html)
September 09 1997: [A Green Flash from the Sun](ap970909.html)
September 08 1997: [A Map of Asteroid Vesta](ap970908.html)
September 07 1997: [Luna 9: First Soft Lander](ap970907.html)
September 06 1997: [Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System](ap970906.html)
September 05 1997: [Apollo 17: Boulder on the Moon](ap970905.html)
September 04 1997: [Rivers in the Sun](ap970904.html)
September 03 1997: [A Partial Eclipse in Southern Skies](ap970903.html)
September 02 1997: [Dark Sky, Bright Sun](ap970902.html)
September 01 1997: [Infrared Helix](ap970901.html)
August 31 1997: [Arp 230: Two Spirals in One?](ap970831.html)
August 30 1997: [The United States at Night](ap970830.html)
August 29 1997: [Cassini To Saturn](ap970829.html)
August 28 1997: [Infrared Trifid](ap970828.html)
August 27 1997: [A Fleeting Eclipse](ap970827.html)
August 26 1997: [Zodiacal Light](ap970826.html)
August 25 1997: [A Fisheye View of Comet Hale-Bopp](ap970825.html)
August 24 1997: [The Snake Nebula in Ophiuchus](ap970824.html)
August 23 1997: [A Star Forming Region in the LMC](ap970823.html)
August 22 1997: [IP Pegasi: Spiral Star](ap970822.html)
August 21 1997: [A Universe in a Box](ap970821.html)
August 20 1997: [Bright Meteor, Dark Sky](ap970820.html)
August 19 1997: [Super Typhoon Winnie](ap970819.html)
August 18 1997: [Io: The Prometheus Plume](ap970818.html)
August 17 1997: [Astro-1 In Orbit](ap970817.html)
August 16 1997: [Pictured: An Ancient Martian?](ap970816.html)
August 15 1997: [Impact on Europa](ap970815.html)
August 14 1997: [Mars Rocks, Sojourner Rolls](ap970814.html)
August 13 1997: [Resolving Mira](ap970813.html)
August 12 1997: [Sher 25: A Pending Supernova?](ap970812.html)
August 11 1997: [A Perseid Meteor](ap970811.html)
August 10 1997: [Nebulosity in Sagittarius](ap970810.html)
August 09 1997: [The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies](ap970809.html)
August 08 1997: [White Oval Clouds on Jupiter](ap970808.html)
August 07 1997: [Jupiter's Ring Halo](ap970807.html)
August 06 1997: [Hale-Bopp from Indian Cove](ap970806.html)
August 05 1997: [M101: The Pinwheel Galaxy](ap970805.html)
August 04 1997: [A Rusty Sunset on Mars](ap970804.html)
August 03 1997: [The Cygnus Loop](ap970803.html)
August 02 1997: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap970802.html)
August 01 1997: [A Martian Sunset](ap970801.html)
July 31 1997: [Behind CL1358+62: A New Farthest Object](ap970731.html)
July 30 1997: [Eagle Castle](ap970730.html)
July 29 1997: [Strange Rocks on Mars](ap970729.html)
July 28 1997: [Help Aldebaran Map the Moon](ap970728.html)
July 27 1997: [A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes](ap970727.html)
July 26 1997: [M81 in True Colour](ap970726.html)
July 25 1997: [Stellar Laboratories in the LMC](ap970725.html)
July 24 1997: [Mars Pathfinder's Landing Site](ap970724.html)
July 23 1997: [Hale-Bopp Triple Crown](ap970723.html)
July 22 1997: [A Presidential Panorama of Mars](ap970722.html)
July 21 1997: [In the Centre of the Keyhole Nebula](ap970721.html)
July 20 1997: [At the Edge of the Helix](ap970720.html)
July 19 1997: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap970719.html)
July 18 1997: [Blue Stars and Red Pillars](ap970718.html)
July 17 1997: [A Message from Earth](ap970717.html)
July 16 1997: [Mars: Yogi And Friends in 3D](ap970716.html)
July 15 1997: [Vega](ap970715.html)
July 14 1997: [Mars: Twin Peaks In Stereo](ap970714.html)
July 13 1997: [Vela Supernova Remnant in Optical](ap970713.html)
July 12 1997: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap970712.html)
July 11 1997: [Yogi Rock](ap970711.html)
July 10 1997: [Sojourner's View: The Sagan Memorial Station](ap970710.html)
July 09 1997: [Sol 4: Mars Colour Panorama](ap970709.html)
July 08 1997: [Barnacle Bill And Sojourner](ap970708.html)
July 07 1997: [Sojourner On Mars](ap970707.html)
July 06 1997: [A Martian Day's End](ap970706.html)
July 05 1997: [Pathfinder On Mars](ap970705.html)
July 04 1997: [A Landing On Mars](ap970704.html)
July 03 1997: [Mars: A Journey's End](ap970703.html)
July 02 1997: [Gamma-Ray Burst: A Milestone Explosion](ap970702.html)
July 01 1997: [Asteroid 253 Mathilde's Large Craters](ap970701.html)
June 30 1997: [NEAR Mathilde](ap970630.html)
June 29 1997: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap970629.html)
June 28 1997: [Barsoom](ap970628.html)
June 27 1997: [Mars: Just The Facts](ap970627.html)
June 26 1997: [A Close Encounter of the Stellar Kind](ap970626.html)
June 25 1997: [A GRB Host?](ap970625.html)
June 24 1997: [Antares](ap970624.html)
June 23 1997: [Eruption on Io](ap970623.html)
June 22 1997: [Distant Galaxies](ap970622.html)
June 21 1997: [The Pipe Dark Nebula](ap970621.html)
June 20 1997: [NGC1850: Star Cluster in the LMC](ap970620.html)
June 19 1997: [HH1/HH2: Star Jets](ap970619.html)
June 18 1997: [Asteroid 3753: Earth's Curious Companion](ap970618.html)
June 17 1997: [Arp 220: Spirals in Collision](ap970617.html)
June 16 1997: [APOD is Two Years Old Today](ap970616.html)
June 15 1997: [Rockets and Robert Goddard](ap970615.html)
June 14 1997: [The Early Universe](ap970614.html)
June 13 1997: [Streaming From A Black Hole](ap970613.html)
June 12 1997: [Jupiter's Dry Spots](ap970612.html)
June 11 1997: [Young Suns](ap970611.html)
June 10 1997: [Hale-Bopp Above the Cinqui Torri Mountains](ap970610.html)
June 09 1997: [An Auroral Ring on Jupiter](ap970609.html)
June 08 1997: [M101: An Ultraviolet View](ap970608.html)
June 07 1997: [Apollo 15: Driving on the Moon](ap970607.html)
June 06 1997: [Boosting Compton](ap970606.html)
June 05 1997: [Small Star](ap970605.html)
June 04 1997: [Tarantula](ap970604.html)
June 03 1997: [Venus' Once Molten Surface](ap970603.html)
June 02 1997: [Bright Star Knots in NGC 4038](ap970602.html)
June 01 1997: [M100: A Grand Design](ap970601.html)
May 31 1997: [Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione](ap970531.html)
May 30 1997: [A Cosmic Snowball](ap970530.html)
May 29 1997: [Southern Neptune](ap970529.html)
May 28 1997: [Mars: Just The Fiction](ap970528.html)
May 27 1997: [Moonrise, Planet Earth](ap970527.html)
May 26 1997: [Old Faithful Meets Hale-Bopp](ap970526.html)
May 25 1997: [A High Energy Fleet](ap970525.html)
May 24 1997: [Saturn's Rings Seen Sideways](ap970524.html)
May 23 1997: [The Heart Of Orion](ap970523.html)
May 22 1997: [Bound For Mars](ap970522.html)
May 21 1997: [GRB970508 Delivers Predicted Radio Emission](ap970521.html)
May 20 1997: [Shells in the Egg Nebula](ap970520.html)
May 19 1997: [Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365](ap970519.html)
May 18 1997: [The First Explorer](ap970518.html)
May 17 1997: [7,000 Stars and the Milky Way](ap970517.html)
May 16 1997: [Signed, "A Black Hole"](ap970516.html)
May 15 1997: [Hale-Bopp: Climbing Into Southern Skies](ap970515.html)
May 14 1997: [Hale-Bopp's Fickle Ion Tail](ap970514.html)
May 13 1997: [Optical Transient Near GRB970508 Shows Distant Redshift](ap970513.html)
May 12 1997: [Lightning on Jupiter](ap970512.html)
May 11 1997: [M42: A Mosaic of Orion's Great Nebula](ap970511.html)
May 10 1997: [Apollo 15's Home on the Moon](ap970510.html)
May 09 1997: [Apollo 12: Self-Portrait](ap970509.html)
May 08 1997: [Detailing Hale-Bopp](ap970508.html)
May 07 1997: [Ultraviolet Venus](ap970507.html)
May 06 1997: [NGC4039: Starbirth and Galaxy Death](ap970506.html)
May 05 1997: [Sunset with Hale-Bopp at Keck](ap970505.html)
May 04 1997: [The Last Moon Shot](ap970504.html)
May 03 1997: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Galaxy Images](ap970503.html)
May 02 1997: [X-Rays From IC 443](ap970502.html)
May 01 1997: [A Galactic Cloud of Antimatter](ap970501.html)
April 30 1997: [Milky Way Molecule Map](ap970430.html)
April 29 1997: [Hale-Bopp and Orion](ap970429.html)
April 28 1997: [Io's Sodium Cloud](ap970428.html)
April 27 1997: [Sputnik: Traveling Companion](ap970427.html)
April 26 1997: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap970426.html)
April 25 1997: [Hale-Bopp Polarized](ap970425.html)
April 24 1997: [The Frothy Milky Way](ap970424.html)
April 23 1997: [Antila: A New Galactic Neighbor](ap970423.html)
April 22 1997: [Historic Optical Flash Fades](ap970422.html)
April 21 1997: [Big Sky Comet](ap970421.html)
April 20 1997: [Moon Robot: Lunokhod 1](ap970420.html)
April 19 1997: [Spiral Galaxy M83](ap970419.html)
April 18 1997: [Solar Storm Causes X-Ray Aurora](ap970418.html)
April 17 1997: [Pwyll: Icy Crater of Europa](ap970417.html)
April 16 1997: [Hale-Bopp's Tail](ap970416.html)
April 15 1997: [Hale-Bopp and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer](ap970415.html)
April 14 1997: [Hale-Bopp's Hoods](ap970414.html)
April 13 1997: [Jets from SS433](ap970413.html)
April 12 1997: [Arecibo: The Largest Telescope](ap970412.html)
April 11 1997: [The Sun Puffs](ap970411.html)
April 10 1997: [Europa's Ice Rafts](ap970410.html)
April 09 1997: [Oceans Under Jupiter's Europa](ap970409.html)
April 08 1997: [Hale-Bopp Over New York City](ap970408.html)
April 07 1997: [GRB970228: What's There?](ap970407.html)
April 06 1997: [Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone](ap970406.html)
April 05 1997: [A Black Hole in M87?](ap970405.html)
April 04 1997: [Hale-Bopp in Stereo](ap970404.html)
April 03 1997: [Earth, Clouds, Sky, Comet](ap970403.html)
April 02 1997: [A Complete Aurora](ap970402.html)
April 01 1997: [Hale-Bopp and Andromeda](ap970401.html)
March 31 1997: [NGC 3242: The 'Ghost of Jupiter' Planetary Nebula](ap970331.html)
March 30 1997: [Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A](ap970330.html)
March 29 1997: [The Closest Galaxy: The Sagittarius Dwarf](ap970329.html)
March 28 1997: [A Comet In The Sky](ap970328.html)
March 27 1997: [Comet Country](ap970327.html)
March 26 1997: [The City Comet](ap970326.html)
March 25 1997: [Hale-Bopp Brightest Comet This Century](ap970325.html)
March 24 1997: [The Weather on Mars](ap970324.html)
March 23 1997: [A String Of Pearls](ap970323.html)
March 22 1997: [M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy](ap970322.html)
March 21 1997: [Io's Surface: Under Construction](ap970321.html)
March 20 1997: [Springtime Comet Fever](ap970320.html)
March 19 1997: [Gamma Ray Burster](ap970319.html)
March 18 1997: [X-Ray Pleiades](ap970318.html)
March 17 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp Over Val Parola Pass](ap970317.html)
March 16 1997: [Water World](ap970316.html)
March 15 1997: [The Milky Way's Centre](ap970315.html)
March 14 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp's Developing Tails](ap970314.html)
March 13 1997: [Hale-Bopp Brightest Comet This Decade](ap970313.html)
March 12 1997: [Saturn in Colour](ap970312.html)
March 11 1997: [Jupiter: The Great Yellow Spot](ap970311.html)
March 10 1997: [Jupiter: At The Belt-Zone Boundary](ap970310.html)
March 09 1997: [COBE Hotspots:The Oldest Structures Known](ap970309.html)
March 08 1997: [COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap970308.html)
March 07 1997: [Hale-Bopp Enters the Evening Sky](ap970307.html)
March 06 1997: [Hubble Floats Free](ap970306.html)
March 05 1997: [In the Centre of NGC 604](ap970305.html)
March 04 1997: [Solar Wind And Milky Way](ap970304.html)
March 03 1997: [Pioneer 10: The First 6 Billion Miles](ap970303.html)
March 02 1997: [Hawaii](ap970302.html)
March 01 1997: [Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges](ap970301.html)
February 28 1997: [Edge-On Spiral Galaxy NGC 891](ap970228.html)
February 27 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp is That Bright](ap970227.html)
February 26 1997: [Sungrazer](ap970226.html)
February 25 1997: [Star Wars in NGC 664](ap970225.html)
February 24 1997: [The Trail of the Intruder](ap970224.html)
February 23 1997: [Cartwheel of Fortune](ap970223.html)
February 22 1997: [The Gamma Ray Sky](ap970222.html)
February 21 1997: [New Eyes for the Hubble Space Telescope](ap970221.html)
February 20 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp and the Dumbbell Nebula](ap970220.html)
February 19 1997: [Mizar Binary Star](ap970219.html)
February 18 1997: [A Big Cliff On Jupiter's Callisto](ap970218.html)
February 17 1997: [A Wind From The Sun](ap970217.html)
February 16 1997: [Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse](ap970216.html)
February 15 1997: [Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula](ap970215.html)
February 14 1997: [NGC 1818: A Young Globular Cluster](ap970214.html)
February 13 1997: [More Jets From Comet Hale-Bopp](ap970213.html)
February 12 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp Develops a Tail](ap970212.html)
February 11 1997: [Space Walz](ap970211.html)
February 10 1997: [The Gamma Ray Moon](ap970210.html)
February 09 1997: [The Deep Field](ap970209.html)
February 08 1997: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap970208.html)
February 07 1997: [M1: Filaments of the Crab Nebula](ap970207.html)
February 06 1997: [Comet Hale-Bopp Returns](ap970206.html)
February 05 1997: [Running Red Rings Around Jupiter](ap970205.html)
February 04 1997: [Clyde W. Tombaugh: 1906-1997](ap970204.html)
February 03 1997: [Stars Without Galaxies](ap970203.html)
February 02 1997: [Standing on the Moon](ap970202.html)
February 01 1997: [Catching Falling Stardust](ap970201.html)
January 31 1997: [Hamlet of Oberon](ap970131.html)
January 30 1997: [Earth's Temperature](ap970130.html)
January 29 1997: [NGC 869 & NGC 884: A Double Open Cluster](ap970129.html)
January 28 1997: [Open Cluster M50](ap970128.html)
January 27 1997: [A Prominent Solar Prominence](ap970127.html)
January 26 1997: [Aurora and Orion](ap970126.html)
January 25 1997: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap970125.html)
January 24 1997: [Supernova 1987a Fireball Resolved](ap970124.html)
January 23 1997: [Twistin' by the Lagoon](ap970123.html)
January 22 1997: [Galaxy Cluster A2199](ap970122.html)
January 21 1997: [Journey to the Centre of the Galaxy](ap970121.html)
January 20 1997: [Earth Nears Asteroid Toutatis](ap970120.html)
January 19 1997: [From Eagle's EGGs A Star Is Born](ap970119.html)
January 18 1997: [M16: Nebula With Star Cluster](ap970118.html)
January 17 1997: [Europa: The Latest From Galileo](ap970117.html)
January 16 1997: [Trapezium: Teardrops in My Skies](ap970116.html)
January 15 1997: [Black Hole Signature From Advective Disks](ap970115.html)
January 14 1997: [Black Holes and Galactic Centres](ap970114.html)
January 13 1997: [Sunspots: Magnetic Depressions](ap970113.html)
January 12 1997: [Mercury in Stereo: Craters Within Craters](ap970112.html)
January 11 1997: [Titania's Trenches](ap970111.html)
January 10 1997: [Eclipsed Moon in Infrared](ap970110.html)
January 09 1997: [Hazing Jupiter](ap970109.html)
January 08 1997: [Grey Sun Seething](ap970108.html)
January 07 1997: [Red Sun Streaming](ap970107.html)
January 06 1997: [Blue Sun Glaring](ap970106.html)
January 05 1997: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap970105.html)
January 04 1997: [A Star Where Photons Orbit](ap970104.html)
January 03 1997: [A Wolf-Rayet Star Blows Bubbles](ap970103.html)
January 02 1997: [Bubbles and Arcs in NGC 2359](ap970102.html)
January 01 1997: [Aurora Over Circle, Alaska](ap970101.html)
December 31 1996: [Io Rotating](ap961231.html)
December 30 1996: [X-Ray Earth](ap961230.html)
December 29 1996: [Dark Bok Globules in IC 2944](ap961229.html)
December 28 1996: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap961228.html)
December 27 1996: [HET: The New Largest Optical Telescope](ap961227.html)
December 26 1996: [Carl Sagan 1934-1996](ap961226.html)
December 25 1996: [An Earth Ornament](ap961225.html)
December 24 1996: [A Mirry Christmas](ap961224.html)
December 23 1996: [The Hills of Ganymede](ap961223.html)
December 22 1996: [18 Miles From Deimos](ap961222.html)
December 21 1996: [Sun and Winter Solstice 1996](ap961221.html)
December 20 1996: [The UV SMC from UIT](ap961220.html)
December 19 1996: [Comet Hale-Bopp Inbound](ap961219.html)
December 18 1996: [A Sky Full Of Hydrogen](ap961218.html)
December 17 1996: [Mariner's Mercury](ap961217.html)
December 16 1996: [Nebula Nova Cygni Turns On](ap961216.html)
December 15 1996: [Microlensing of the Einstein Cross](ap961215.html)
December 14 1996: [Our Solar System from Voyager](ap961214.html)
December 13 1996: [Disorder in Stephan's Quintet](ap961213.html)
December 12 1996: [The Milky Way Through the Summer Triangle](ap961212.html)
December 11 1996: [Starburst Ring in Galaxy NGC 1317](ap961211.html)
December 10 1996: [Comet Halley's Nucleus](ap961210.html)
December 09 1996: [Callisto Full Face](ap961209.html)
December 08 1996: [Degas Ray Crater on Mercury](ap961208.html)
December 07 1996: [Planetary Systems Now Forming in Orion](ap961207.html)
December 06 1996: [Globular Cluster M3](ap961206.html)
December 05 1996: [Io's Giant Volcano Pele](ap961205.html)
December 04 1996: [Ice at the Lunar South Pole](ap961204.html)
December 03 1996: [Cocoon of a New White Dwarf](ap961203.html)
December 02 1996: [Orion's Star Colours](ap961202.html)
December 01 1996: [Star Trails in Northern Skies](ap961201.html)
November 30 1996: [Aurora Astern](ap961130.html)
November 29 1996: [Io: The Fissure King?](ap961129.html)
November 28 1996: [Comet-like Clouds in the Cartwheel Galaxy](ap961128.html)
November 27 1996: [Storm Clouds Over Jupiter](ap961127.html)
November 26 1996: [The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz](ap961126.html)
November 25 1996: [A Quasar Portrait Gallery](ap961125.html)
November 24 1996: [Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3](ap961124.html)
November 23 1996: [Gamma Ray Bursts from the Unknown](ap961123.html)
November 22 1996: [Fliers Around the Blue Snowball Nebula](ap961122.html)
November 21 1996: [The Blue Snowball Planetary Nebula](ap961121.html)
November 20 1996: [Europa Full Face](ap961120.html)
November 19 1996: [Fractal Interstellar Dust Up-Close](ap961119.html)
November 18 1996: [Unusual M82: The Cigar Galaxy](ap961118.html)
November 17 1996: [A Quasar in the Gamma Ray Sky](ap961117.html)
November 16 1996: [The Leonid Meteor Shower (Tonight)](ap961116.html)
November 15 1996: [Searching For Solar Systems](ap961115.html)
November 14 1996: [Supernova Remnant and Neutron Star](ap961114.html)
November 13 1996: [Seven Jets from Comet Hale-Bopp](ap961113.html)
November 12 1996: [Comet Hale-Bopp Passes M14](ap961112.html)
November 11 1996: [NGC 4755: A Jewel Box of Stars](ap961111.html)
November 10 1996: [Columbia Launches](ap961110.html)
November 09 1996: [Surveyor Hops](ap961109.html)
November 08 1996: [A Solar Corona Ejection](ap961108.html)
November 07 1996: [Fields of Minerals on Ganymede](ap961107.html)
November 06 1996: [Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4881 in Coma](ap961106.html)
November 05 1996: [The Coma Cluster of Galaxies](ap961105.html)
November 04 1996: [The Martian Spring](ap961104.html)
November 03 1996: [Surveyor Night Launch](ap961103.html)
November 02 1996: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 253 Almost Sideways](ap961102.html)
November 01 1996: [Spiral Galaxy NGC 3628 Edge On](ap961101.html)
October 31 1996: [The Barren Moon](ap961031.html)
October 30 1996: [Grand Design Spiral Galaxy NGC 2997](ap961030.html)
October 29 1996: [Io Full Face](ap961029.html)
October 28 1996: [The Weather on Neptune](ap961028.html)
October 27 1996: [Io's Active Volcanoes](ap961027.html)
October 26 1996: [Mir Over New Zealand](ap961026.html)
October 25 1996: [A Flyby View of Ganymede](ap961025.html)
October 24 1996: [Starbirth in the Lagoon Nebula](ap961024.html)
October 23 1996: [The Large Cloud of Magellan (LMC)](ap961023.html)
October 22 1996: [The Cracked Ice Plains of Europa](ap961022.html)
October 21 1996: [Orionids Meteor Shower to Peak Tonight](ap961021.html)
October 20 1996: [Surveyor Slides](ap961020.html)
October 19 1996: [Lalande 21185: The Nearest Planetary System?](ap961019.html)
October 18 1996: [Jupiter's Auroras](ap961018.html)
October 17 1996: [Proplyds: Infant Solar Systems?](ap961017.html)
October 16 1996: [SN 1006: Pieces of the Cosmic Ray Puzzle](ap961016.html)
October 15 1996: [Phobos Over Mars](ap961015.html)
October 14 1996: [Bright Stars, Dim Galaxy](ap961014.html)
October 13 1996: [The Earth Also Rises](ap961013.html)
October 12 1996: [The Water Vapor Channel](ap961012.html)
October 11 1996: [The Double Nucleus of M31](ap961011.html)
October 10 1996: [Triton: Neptune's Largest Moon](ap961010.html)
October 09 1996: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap961009.html)
October 08 1996: [ROSAT Explores the X-Ray Sky](ap961008.html)
October 07 1996: [Io's Shadow](ap961007.html)
October 06 1996: [A Crescent Earth At Midnight](ap961006.html)
October 05 1996: [A Close-Up of the Horsehead Nebula](ap961005.html)
October 04 1996: [Globular Cluster Omega Centauri](ap961004.html)
October 03 1996: [Three Views of Jupiter's Io](ap961003.html)
October 02 1996: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap961002.html)
October 01 1996: [BATSE's Biggest Gamma Ray Burst (Yet)](ap961001.html)
September 30 1996: [Exploring The Universe With IUE 1978-1996](ap960930.html)
September 29 1996: [The X-Ray Moon](ap960929.html)
September 28 1996: [A Soyuz at Mir](ap960928.html)
September 27 1996: [Welcome Home Shannon Lucid](ap960927.html)
September 26 1996: [Tonight: A Total Lunar Eclipse](ap960926.html)
September 25 1996: [Bright Stars and Dark Clouds](ap960925.html)
September 24 1996: [Beneath Venus' Clouds](ap960924.html)
September 23 1996: [Venus: Earth's Cloudy Twin](ap960923.html)
September 22 1996: [The Equal Night](ap960922.html)
September 21 1996: [The Ecliptic Plane](ap960921.html)
September 20 1996: [Hurricane Fran's Approach](ap960920.html)
September 19 1996: [The Moon and All the Crashes](ap960919.html)
September 18 1996: [Stars in the Infrared Sky](ap960918.html)
September 17 1996: [Comet Hale-Bopp Fades](ap960917.html)
September 16 1996: [The Sun Erupts](ap960916.html)
September 15 1996: [Tycho Brahe Measures the Sky](ap960915.html)
September 14 1996: [Aristarchus' Unbelievable Discoveries](ap960914.html)
September 13 1996: [Southwest Mercury](ap960913.html)
September 12 1996: [Mercury: A Cratered Inferno](ap960912.html)
September 11 1996: [In the Centre of Spiral M77](ap960911.html)
September 10 1996: [M77: Spiral with a Strange Glow](ap960910.html)
September 09 1996: [The High Energy Crab Nebula](ap960909.html)
September 08 1996: [Volcano Euboea Fluctus On Io](ap960908.html)
September 07 1996: [Two Billion Years After the Big Bang](ap960907.html)
September 06 1996: [The Largest Impact Crater](ap960906.html)
September 05 1996: [Watch Galaxies Form](ap960905.html)
September 04 1996: [IRTF: Scanning the Infrared Skies](ap960904.html)
September 03 1996: [The Pleiades Star Cluster](ap960903.html)
September 02 1996: [Sirius: The Brightest Star in the Night](ap960902.html)
September 01 1996: [VLT: A New Largest Optical Telescope](ap960901.html)
August 31 1996: [Kepler Discovers How Planets Move](ap960831.html)
August 30 1996: [Galileo Demonstrates the Telescope](ap960830.html)
August 29 1996: [M17: The Majestic Swan Nebula](ap960829.html)
August 28 1996: [NGC 5882: A Small Planetary Nebula](ap960828.html)
August 27 1996: [Galileo Zooms in on Jupiter's Red Spot](ap960827.html)
August 26 1996: [A Wolf-Rayet Star Bubble](ap960826.html)
August 25 1996: [Luna 9: First Soft Lander](ap960825.html)
August 24 1996: [Why Is QSO 1229+204 So Bright?](ap960824.html)
August 23 1996: [NGC 3293: A Bright Young Open Cluster](ap960823.html)
August 22 1996: [Arp 230: Two Spirals in One?](ap960822.html)
August 21 1996: [A Close-Up of the Lagoon's Hourglass](ap960821.html)
August 20 1996: [A Close-Up of the Lagoon Nebula](ap960820.html)
August 19 1996: [Welcome to Planet Earth](ap960819.html)
August 18 1996: [A Milestone Quasar](ap960818.html)
August 17 1996: [A Meteorite From Mars](ap960817.html)
August 16 1996: [NGC 604: Giant Stellar Nursery in M33](ap960816.html)
August 15 1996: [Galileo Views Io Eruption](ap960815.html)
August 14 1996: [Galileo Explores Europa](ap960814.html)
August 13 1996: [Europa's Surface](ap960813.html)
August 12 1996: [Leo Triplet Spiral Galaxy M65](ap960812.html)
August 11 1996: [The Snake Nebula in Ophiuchus](ap960811.html)
August 10 1996: [Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66](ap960810.html)
August 09 1996: [The Perseid Meteor Shower](ap960809.html)
August 08 1996: [Pictured: An Ancient Martian?](ap960808.html)
August 07 1996: [Early Microscopic Life on Mars?](ap960807.html)
August 06 1996: [Europa: Oceans of Life?](ap960806.html)
August 05 1996: [Erupting Volcanoes on Io](ap960805.html)
August 04 1996: [NGC 3393: A Super Spiral?](ap960804.html)
August 03 1996: [Jupiter's Colourful Clouds](ap960803.html)
August 02 1996: [Galileo, Cassini, and the Great Red Spot](ap960802.html)
August 01 1996: [The Hydra Cluster of Galaxies](ap960801.html)
July 31 1996: [A Violet Moon](ap960731.html)
July 30 1996: [Tonight: A Blue Moon](ap960730.html)
July 29 1996: [A Dust Jet From Hale-Bopp](ap960729.html)
July 28 1996: [Huck Finn's New Sky View](ap960728.html)
July 27 1996: [Driving to the Sun](ap960727.html)
July 26 1996: [The Cygnus Loop](ap960726.html)
July 25 1996: [Hale-Bopp on Schedule](ap960725.html)
July 24 1996: [COMPTEL Explores The Radioactive Sky](ap960724.html)
July 23 1996: [Hale-Bopp, Jupiter, and the Milky Way](ap960723.html)
July 22 1996: [Utopia on Mars](ap960722.html)
July 21 1996: [The Eagle Soars](ap960721.html)
July 20 1996: [20 Years Ago: Vikings on Mars](ap960720.html)
July 19 1996: [Galileo's First Colour Image of Io](ap960719.html)
July 18 1996: [Nebulosity in Sagittarius](ap960718.html)
July 17 1996: [Looking Down on Saturn](ap960717.html)
July 16 1996: [A Portrait of Saturn from Titan](ap960716.html)
July 15 1996: [Keck: The Largest Optical Telescope](ap960715.html)
July 14 1996: [M81 in True Colour](ap960714.html)
July 13 1996: [M81: A Bulging Spiral Galaxy](ap960713.html)
July 12 1996: [Ancient Cratered Plains on Ganymede](ap960712.html)
July 11 1996: [Ganymede: A Really Groovy Moon](ap960711.html)
July 10 1996: [Galileo Photographs Ganymede](ap960710.html)
July 09 1996: [M74: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy](ap960709.html)
July 08 1996: [M33: The Triangulum Galaxy](ap960708.html)
July 07 1996: [Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System](ap960707.html)
July 06 1996: [Edmund Halley's Greatest Discoveries](ap960706.html)
July 05 1996: [The Mysterious Rings of Supernova 1987a](ap960705.html)
July 04 1996: [The Cat's Eye Nebula (Revisited)](ap960704.html)
July 03 1996: [Superbubbles in the LMC](ap960703.html)
July 02 1996: [NASA's Latest Rockets: X-33](ap960702.html)
July 01 1996: [Worlds of a Distant Sun: 47 Ursae Majoris b](ap960701.html)
June 30 1996: [Greetings from the Pioneers](ap960630.html)
June 29 1996: [The Voyagers' Message in a Bottle](ap960629.html)
June 28 1996: [A Distant Galaxy in the Deep Field](ap960628.html)
June 27 1996: [Voyager's Preview of Galileo at Ganymede](ap960627.html)
June 26 1996: [Happy Birthday Charles Messier: M1](ap960626.html)
June 25 1996: [A Star Forming Region in the LMC](ap960625.html)
June 24 1996: [A View from Venus: Rift Valley](ap960624.html)
June 23 1996: [Tycho's Supernova Remnant in X-ray](ap960623.html)
June 22 1996: [North to the Moon's Pole](ap960622.html)
June 21 1996: [A Very Large Array of Radio Telescopes](ap960621.html)
June 20 1996: [Apollo Sunrise](ap960620.html)
June 19 1996: [Aurora: Curtains in the Sky](ap960619.html)
June 18 1996: [Seven Sisters Versus California](ap960618.html)
June 17 1996: [The United States at Night](ap960617.html)
June 16 1996: [APOD is One Year Old Today](ap960616.html)
June 15 1996: [Walking in Space](ap960615.html)
June 14 1996: [Floating Free in Space](ap960614.html)
June 13 1996: [Vela Supernova Remnant in Optical](ap960613.html)
June 12 1996: [Vela Supernova Remnant in X-ray](ap960612.html)
June 11 1996: [Doomed Star Eta Carinae](ap960611.html)
June 10 1996: [Ultraviolet Earth](ap960610.html)
June 09 1996: [Blasting Off From the Moon](ap960609.html)
June 08 1996: [The First Lunar Observatory](ap960608.html)
June 07 1996: [Apollo 16: Exploring Plum Crater](ap960607.html)
June 06 1996: [The North America Nebula](ap960606.html)
June 05 1996: [Sagittarius and the Central Milky Way](ap960605.html)
June 04 1996: [Impact! 65 Million Years Ago](ap960604.html)
June 03 1996: [Mir Dreams](ap960603.html)
June 02 1996: [6 Up 5 Down](ap960602.html)
June 01 1996: [The Iron Moon](ap960601.html)
May 31 1996: [The Pulsar Powered Crab](ap960531.html)
May 30 1996: [Sunshine, Earthshine at the Lunar Limb](ap960530.html)
May 29 1996: [The COMPTEL Gamma-Ray Sky](ap960529.html)
May 28 1996: [The Pipe Dark Nebula](ap960528.html)
May 27 1996: [Aurora Crown the Earth](ap960527.html)
May 26 1996: [Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System](ap960526.html)
May 25 1996: [The Shuttle Launches an Inflatable Antenna](ap960525.html)
May 24 1996: [In the Centre of 30 Doradus](ap960524.html)
May 23 1996: [Stellar Violence in 30 Doradus](ap960523.html)
May 22 1996: [Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula](ap960522.html)
May 21 1996: [The Iron Sun](ap960521.html)
May 20 1996: [Helios Helium](ap960520.html)
May 19 1996: [Nearby Dwarf Galaxy Leo I](ap960519.html)
May 18 1996: [The Sun Today](ap960518.html)
May 17 1996: [Comet Hyakutake and a Solar Flare](ap960517.html)
May 16 1996: [Comet Hyakutake Passes the Sun](ap960516.html)
May 15 1996: [The Milky Way Near the Northern Cross](ap960515.html)
May 14 1996: [Hubble's Constant And The Expanding Universe (II)](ap960514.html)
May 13 1996: [Hubble's Constant And The Expanding Universe (I)](ap960513.html)
May 12 1996: [Tracking Saturn's Moons](ap960512.html)
May 11 1996: [Sunlight Through Saturn's Rings](ap960511.html)
May 10 1996: [Henize 70: A SuperBubble In The LMC](ap960510.html)
May 09 1996: [Supernova Remnant: Cooking Elements In The LMC](ap960509.html)
May 08 1996: [Neptune's Great Dark Spot: Gone But Not Forgotten](ap960508.html)
May 07 1996: [The Clouds of Neptune](ap960507.html)
May 06 1996: [Southern Lights and Shuttle Glow](ap960506.html)
May 05 1996: [Planet Near a Galaxy Core](ap960505.html)
May 04 1996: [Astro-1 In Orbit](ap960504.html)
May 03 1996: [The Milky Way Near the Southern Cross](ap960503.html)
May 02 1996: [The Tails of Comet Hyakutake](ap960502.html)
May 01 1996: [Comet Hyakutake and a Cactus](ap960501.html)
April 30 1996: [Uranus' Ring System](ap960430.html)
April 29 1996: [Saturn's Rings Seen Sideways](ap960429.html)
April 28 1996: [The Sun Sets on Comet Hyakutake](ap960428.html)
April 27 1996: [Apollo 14: Rickshaw Tracks Across the Moon](ap960427.html)
April 26 1996: [A Giant Globular Cluster in M31](ap960426.html)
April 25 1996: [In the Centre of the Whirlpool](ap960425.html)
April 24 1996: [Giant Cluster Bends, Breaks Galaxy Images](ap960424.html)
April 23 1996: [Comet Hyakutake on a Starry Night](ap960423.html)
April 22 1996: [At the Edge of the Helix](ap960422.html)
April 21 1996: [A Supernova in the Whirpool](ap960421.html)
April 20 1996: [Apollo 17 Lunarscape: A Magnificent Desolation](ap960420.html)
April 19 1996: [The Virgo Cluster: Hot Plasma and Dark Matter](ap960419.html)
April 18 1996: [Hyakutake, Venus, Orion, and Pond](ap960418.html)
April 17 1996: [NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula](ap960417.html)
April 16 1996: [Cometary Knots in the Helix Nebula](ap960416.html)
April 15 1996: [NASA Mission to MAP the Universe](ap960415.html)
April 14 1996: [The Rotating Jets of Comet Hyakutake](ap960414.html)
April 13 1996: [The Compton Observatory Turns Five](ap960413.html)
April 12 1996: [Man Enters Space](ap960412.html)
April 11 1996: [Unexpected X-rays from Comet Hyakutake](ap960411.html)
April 10 1996: [Comet Hyakutake and a Tree](ap960410.html)
April 09 1996: [A Spiral Galaxy Gallery](ap960409.html)
April 08 1996: [Uranus's Moon Oberon: Impact World](ap960408.html)
April 07 1996: [Uranus's Moon Umbriel: A Mysterious Dark World](ap960407.html)
April 06 1996: [Andromeda Nebula: Var!](ap960406.html)
April 05 1996: [The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies](ap960405.html)
April 04 1996: [The Keyhole Nebula Near Eta Carinae](ap960404.html)
April 03 1996: [A Lucky Lunar Eclipse](ap960403.html)
April 02 1996: [Atlantis Approaches Mir](ap960402.html)
April 01 1996: [Hyakutake, Big Dipper, and Observatory Dome](ap960401.html)
March 31 1996: [Comet Hyakutake Finder Chart for Early April](ap960331.html)
March 30 1996: [An Extreme UltraViolet View of the Comet](ap960330.html)
March 29 1996: [The Colours of Comet Hyakutake](ap960329.html)
March 28 1996: [Near the Nucleus of Hyakutake](ap960328.html)
March 27 1996: [How Much is That Comet in the Window?](ap960327.html)
March 26 1996: [What are Comet Tails Made Of?](ap960326.html)
March 25 1996: [Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth](ap960325.html)
March 24 1996: [Comet Hyakutake's Closest Approach](ap960324.html)
March 23 1996: [Comet Hyakutake's Past and Future](ap960323.html)
March 22 1996: [Where to See Comet Hyakutake](ap960322.html)
March 21 1996: [Near Comet Hyakutake's Nucleus](ap960321.html)
March 20 1996: [NGC 1977: Blue Reflection Nebula in Orion](ap960320.html)
March 19 1996: [The Ion Tail of Comet Hyakutake](ap960319.html)
March 18 1996: [Saturn with Moons Tethys and Dione](ap960318.html)
March 17 1996: [Saturn's Cloud Tops](ap960317.html)
March 16 1996: [Spiral Galaxy M90](ap960316.html)
March 15 1996: [The McMath-Pierce Solar Observatory](ap960315.html)
March 14 1996: [Comet Hyakutake's Orbit](ap960314.html)
March 13 1996: [Here Comes Comet Hyakutake](ap960313.html)
March 12 1996: [The Colourful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi](ap960312.html)
March 11 1996: [Hubble Telescope Maps Pluto](ap960311.html)
March 10 1996: [Mir is 10](ap960310.html)
March 09 1996: [Arecibo: The Largest Telescope](ap960309.html)
March 08 1996: [The 76 Meter Lovell Radio Telescope](ap960308.html)
March 07 1996: [Rampaging Fronts of the Veil Nebula](ap960307.html)
March 06 1996: [Jets From SS433](ap960306.html)
March 05 1996: [A Black Hole in M87's Centre?](ap960305.html)
March 04 1996: [Uranus' Largest Moon: Titania](ap960304.html)
March 03 1996: [Uranus' Moon Ariel: Valley World](ap960303.html)
March 02 1996: [Von Braun's Wheel](ap960302.html)
March 01 1996: [A Mysterious Cone Nebula](ap960301.html)
February 29 1996: [Julius Caesar and Leap Days](ap960229.html)
February 28 1996: [Explosions Discovered Near Galactic Centre](ap960228.html)
February 27 1996: [X-ray Moon and X-ray Star](ap960227.html)
February 26 1996: [Fireball!](ap960226.html)
February 25 1996: [A High Energy Fleet](ap960225.html)
February 24 1996: [Tanks for the Lift](ap960224.html)
February 23 1996: [Apollo 15: Driving on the Moon](ap960223.html)
February 22 1996: [Apollo 15's Home on the Moon](ap960222.html)
February 21 1996: [Millions of Stars in Omega Centauri](ap960221.html)
February 20 1996: [ASCA X-Ray Observatory](ap960220.html)
February 19 1996: [Periodic Comet Swift-Tuttle](ap960219.html)
February 18 1996: [Abell 3627 in the Great Attractor](ap960218.html)
February 17 1996: [Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe](ap960217.html)
February 16 1996: [The Early Universe](ap960216.html)
February 15 1996: [NEAR to an Asteroid](ap960215.html)
February 14 1996: [NGC 2237: The Rosette Nebula](ap960214.html)
February 13 1996: [7,000 Stars And The Milky Way](ap960213.html)
February 12 1996: [Pluto Not Yet Explored](ap960212.html)
February 11 1996: [Sputnik: The Traveling Companion](ap960211.html)
February 10 1996: [The First Explorer](ap960210.html)
February 09 1996: [The Eye of an Hourglass Nebula](ap960209.html)
February 08 1996: [Hyakutake: The Great Comet of 1996?](ap960208.html)
February 07 1996: [If You Could Stand on Mars](ap960207.html)
February 06 1996: [COBE Hotspots: The Oldest Structures Known](ap960206.html)
February 05 1996: [COBE Dipole: Speeding Through the Universe](ap960205.html)
February 04 1996: [The Closest Galaxy: The Sagittarius Dwarf](ap960204.html)
February 03 1996: [A Huge Impact Crater on Mars](ap960203.html)
February 02 1996: [A MACHO View of Galactic Dark Matter](ap960202.html)
February 01 1996: [Lensing through Baade's Window](ap960201.html)
January 31 1996: [Planets Around Sun-Like Stars](ap960131.html)
January 30 1996: [70 Virginis b: A New Water Planet?](ap960130.html)
January 29 1996: [Searchlight Beams from the Egg Nebula](ap960129.html)
January 28 1996: [Orbiting Repairmen](ap960128.html)
January 27 1996: [Open Cluster M8 in the Lagoon](ap960127.html)
January 26 1996: [Quadrantids: Meteors in Perspective](ap960126.html)
January 25 1996: [Catching Falling Stardust](ap960125.html)
January 24 1996: [The Deep Field](ap960124.html)
January 23 1996: [Beneath Jupiter's Clouds](ap960123.html)
January 22 1996: [Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse](ap960122.html)
January 21 1996: [Mercury's Faults](ap960121.html)
January 20 1996: [Mercury's Caloris Basin](ap960120.html)
January 19 1996: [The Dusty Disk of Beta Pic](ap960119.html)
January 18 1996: [MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula](ap960118.html)
January 17 1996: [NGC 7027: A Dying Star's Nebula](ap960117.html)
January 16 1996: [Wild Duck Open Cluster M11](ap960116.html)
January 15 1996: [The Dawn of the Clusters](ap960115.html)
January 14 1996: [A Distant Cluster of Galaxies](ap960114.html)
January 13 1996: [Lunokhod 1: Moon Robot](ap960113.html)
January 12 1996: [Mare Orientale](ap960112.html)
January 11 1996: [Lasers in Eta Carinae](ap960111.html)
January 10 1996: [The Cepheids of M100](ap960110.html)
January 09 1996: [M100 and the Expanding Universe](ap960109.html)
January 08 1996: [Local Group Galaxy NGC 205](ap960108.html)
January 07 1996: [Mercury Astronauts and a Redstone](ap960107.html)
January 06 1996: [Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy M32](ap960106.html)
January 05 1996: [The Toby Jug Nebula](ap960105.html)
January 04 1996: [Symbiotic Star System R Aquarii](ap960104.html)
January 03 1996: [The X-ray Timing Explorer](ap960103.html)
January 02 1996: [The X-Ray Sky](ap960102.html)
January 01 1996: [Shuttle Engine Blast](ap960101.html)
December 31 1995: [The X-ray Sources of M31](ap951231.html)
December 30 1995: [LMC X-1: A Black Hole Candidate](ap951230.html)
December 29 1995: [NGC 4361: Galaxy Shaped Planetary Nebula](ap951229.html)
December 28 1995: [NGC 6240: When Galaxies Collide](ap951228.html)
December 27 1995: [Nova Cygni 1992](ap951227.html)
December 26 1995: [Accretion Disk Binary System](ap951226.html)
December 25 1995: [Earth Rise](ap951225.html)
December 24 1995: [Uranus' Moon Miranda](ap951224.html)
December 23 1995: [Prometheus, Pandora and Saturn's F Ring](ap951223.html)
December 22 1995: [Summer at the South Pole](ap951222.html)
December 21 1995: [Hot Stars in the Trifid Nebula](ap951221.html)
December 20 1995: [A Galaxy Gravitational Lens](ap951220.html)
December 19 1995: [Albert Einstein: 1879 - 1955](ap951219.html)
December 18 1995: [M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy](ap951218.html)
December 17 1995: [The Space Shuttle Docks with Mir](ap951217.html)
December 16 1995: [Hawaii](ap951216.html)
December 15 1995: [M64: The Sleeping Beauty Galaxy](ap951215.html)
December 14 1995: [An Atlas Centaur Rocket Launches](ap951214.html)
December 13 1995: [A Delta Rocket Launches](ap951213.html)
December 12 1995: [Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula](ap951212.html)
December 11 1995: [NGC 5189: A Strange Planetary Nebula](ap951211.html)
December 10 1995: [Apollo 14 Deploys ALSEP](ap951210.html)
December 09 1995: [Apollo 14 on the Moon](ap951209.html)
December 08 1995: [Descent To Jupiter](ap951208.html)
December 07 1995: [Galileo's Jupiter Probe](ap951207.html)
December 06 1995: [24 Hours from Jupiter](ap951206.html)
December 05 1995: [The Swirling Centre of NGC 4261](ap951205.html)
December 04 1995: [GL 229B: An Elusive Brown Dwarf?](ap951204.html)
December 03 1995: [An X-ray Hot Supernova in M81](ap951203.html)
December 02 1995: [Lightning Below](ap951202.html)
December 01 1995: [51 Pegasi: A New Planet Discovered](ap951201.html)
November 30 1995: [NGC 2440 Nucleus: The Hottest Star?](ap951130.html)
November 29 1995: [Releasing Compton](ap951129.html)
November 28 1995: [Shadow at the Lunar South Pole](ap951128.html)
November 27 1995: [Too Close to a Black Hole](ap951127.html)
November 26 1995: [A Star Where Photons Orbit](ap951126.html)
November 25 1995: [Saturn's Cleanest Moon: Enceladus](ap951125.html)
November 24 1995: [Saturn's Moon Tethys](ap951124.html)
November 23 1995: [M1: Polarization of the Crab](ap951123.html)
November 22 1995: [M1: The Exploding Crab Nebula](ap951122.html)
November 21 1995: [M42: Orion Nebula Mosaic](ap951121.html)
November 20 1995: [At the Core of M15](ap951120.html)
November 19 1995: [New York at Night](ap951119.html)
November 18 1995: [Water World](ap951118.html)
November 17 1995: [The Sun Also Rises](ap951117.html)
November 16 1995: [Repairing Hubble](ap951116.html)
November 15 1995: [A Quintet of Galaxies](ap951115.html)
November 14 1995: [Aurora and Orion](ap951114.html)
November 13 1995: [Virgo Cluster Galaxies](ap951113.html)
November 12 1995: [Blue Jet Lightning](ap951112.html)
November 11 1995: [Red Sprite Lightning](ap951111.html)
November 10 1995: [Lightning and the Space Shuttle](ap951110.html)
November 09 1995: [M104: The Sombrero Galaxy](ap951109.html)
November 08 1995: [Simulating the Universe](ap951108.html)
November 07 1995: [Eagle EGGs in M16](ap951107.html)
November 06 1995: [M16: Stars Upon Pillars](ap951106.html)
November 05 1995: [Vela Satellites: The Watchers](ap951105.html)
November 04 1995: [Neptune's Moon Proteus](ap951104.html)
November 03 1995: [Jupiter's Moon Amalthea](ap951103.html)
November 02 1995: [The Red Rectangle](ap951102.html)
November 01 1995: [M16: Dust and an Open Cluster](ap951101.html)
October 31 1995: [A Halloween Invasion from Mars](ap951031.html)
October 30 1995: [Comet Hale-Bopp Update](ap951030.html)
October 29 1995: [Radioactive Clouds in the Milky Way](ap951029.html)
October 28 1995: [The Delta Clipper](ap951028.html)
October 27 1995: [The Tarantula and the Supernova](ap951027.html)
October 26 1995: [Aurora Astern](ap951026.html)
October 25 1995: [Painting with Solar Neutrons](ap951025.html)
October 24 1995: [A Total Solar Eclipse](ap951024.html)
October 23 1995: [Gamma-Ray Quasars](ap951023.html)
October 22 1995: [A Quasar-Galaxy Collision?](ap951022.html)
October 21 1995: [A Glimpse of Titan's Surface](ap951021.html)
October 20 1995: [Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face](ap951020.html)
October 19 1995: [Globular Cluster M5](ap951019.html)
October 18 1995: [A Storm on Saturn](ap951018.html)
October 17 1995: [Galaxy Dwingeloo 1 Emerges](ap951017.html)
October 16 1995: [Starburst Galaxy M94](ap951016.html)
October 15 1995: [Iapetus: Saturn's Disappearing Moon](ap951015.html)
October 14 1995: [Rhea: Saturn's Second Largest Moon](ap951014.html)
October 13 1995: [Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede's Shadow](ap951013.html)
October 12 1995: [HH-47 Star Jet](ap951012.html)
October 11 1995: [LMC Star Clouds](ap951011.html)
October 10 1995: [Dione's Lagrange Moon Helene](ap951010.html)
October 09 1995: [Saturn's Moon Dione](ap951009.html)
October 08 1995: [Apollo 12 Visits Surveyor 3](ap951008.html)
October 07 1995: [Apollo 12's Lunar Module Descends](ap951007.html)
October 06 1995: [Dark Bok Globules in IC 2944](ap951006.html)
October 05 1995: [CG4: A Ruptured Cometary Globule](ap951005.html)
October 04 1995: [The Sun Spews X-rays](ap951004.html)
October 03 1995: [Deimos: Small Martian Moon](ap951003.html)
October 02 1995: [Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars](ap951002.html)
October 01 1995: [Central Galactic Star Bursts](ap951001.html)
September 30 1995: [An Energetic Radio Galaxy](ap950930.html)
September 29 1995: [The International Ultraviolet Explorer](ap950929.html)
September 28 1995: [A Venusian Landscape](ap950928.html)
September 27 1995: [A Venus Landing](ap950927.html)
September 26 1995: [Star Trails in Southern Skies](ap950926.html)
September 25 1995: [Orion's Horsehead Nebula](ap950925.html)
September 24 1995: [Mimas: Small Moon with A Big Crater](ap950924.html)
September 23 1995: [Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon](ap950923.html)
September 22 1995: [Standing on the Moon](ap950922.html)
September 21 1995: [One Small Step](ap950921.html)
September 20 1995: [GL 105C: The Coolest Star?](ap950920.html)
September 19 1995: [The Small Cloud of Magellan](ap950919.html)
September 18 1995: [The Large Cloud of Magellan](ap950918.html)
September 17 1995: [Thousands of Coma Cluster Galaxies](ap950917.html)
September 16 1995: [Rockets and Robert Goddard](ap950916.html)
September 15 1995: [Space Station Mir Over Earth](ap950915.html)
September 14 1995: [The Far Side](ap950914.html)
September 13 1995: [Elliptical Galaxy M87](ap950913.html)
September 12 1995: [Spiral Galaxy M83](ap950912.html)
September 11 1995: [Proplyds: Infant Solar Systems](ap950911.html)
September 10 1995: [White Dwarfs Cool](ap950910.html)
September 09 1995: [The Last Moon Shot](ap950909.html)
September 08 1995: [The Milky Way's Centre](ap950908.html)
September 07 1995: [Distant Galaxies](ap950907.html)
September 06 1995: [Callisto: Dark Smashed Iceball](ap950906.html)
September 05 1995: [Europa: Ancient Water World](ap950905.html)
September 04 1995: [Ganymede: Moonquake World](ap950904.html)
September 03 1995: [Earth's Moon, A Familiar Face](ap950903.html)
September 02 1995: [Hot Gas and Dark Matter](ap950902.html)
September 01 1995: [Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910-1995](ap950901.html)
August 31 1995: [X-Raying the Moon](ap950831.html)
August 30 1995: [Skylab Over Earth](ap950830.html)
August 29 1995: [Saturn V: NASA's Largest Rocket](ap950829.html)
August 28 1995: [Dusty Galaxy Centaurus A](ap950828.html)
August 27 1995: [Gamma Ray Bursts from the Unknown](ap950827.html)
August 26 1995: [Two Tails of Comet West](ap950826.html)
August 25 1995: [A World Explorer](ap950825.html)
August 24 1995: [A Radar Image of Planet Earth](ap950824.html)
August 23 1995: [A Venusian Tick](ap950823.html)
August 22 1995: [Venus UnVeiled](ap950822.html)
August 21 1995: [An Orbiting Iceberg](ap950821.html)
August 20 1995: [Announcing Comet Hale-Bopp](ap950820.html)
August 19 1995: [Our Solar System from Voyager](ap950819.html)
August 18 1995: [Pluto: The Frozen Planet](ap950818.html)
August 17 1995: [Neptune: Big Blue Giant](ap950817.html)
August 16 1995: [Uranus: The Tilted Planet](ap950816.html)
August 15 1995: [Venus: Earth's Sister Planet](ap950815.html)
August 14 1995: [Mercury: Closest Planet to the Sun](ap950814.html)
August 13 1995: [The Sun Erupts](ap950813.html)
August 12 1995: [Atlantis Landing](ap950812.html)
August 11 1995: [The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory](ap950811.html)
August 10 1995: [The Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope](ap950810.html)
August 09 1995: [Challenger Launches Spacelab 2](ap950809.html)
August 08 1995: [Columbia Waits, Discovery Launches](ap950808.html)
August 07 1995: [Night Launch of Endeavour](ap950807.html)
August 06 1995: [Liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia](ap950806.html)
August 05 1995: [Geysers on Triton](ap950805.html)
August 04 1995: [Closeup of an Io Volcano](ap950804.html)
August 03 1995: [Io: A Volcanic Moon](ap950803.html)
August 02 1995: [Jupiter's Rings](ap950802.html)
August 01 1995: [Crossing The Ring Plane](ap950801.html)
July 31 1995: [Exploring Saturn's Rings](ap950731.html)
July 30 1995: [The Rings of Saturn](ap950730.html)
July 29 1995: [M27: The Dumbbell Nebula](ap950729.html)
July 28 1995: [M82: An Irregular Galaxy](ap950728.html)
July 27 1995: [M57: The Ring Nebula](ap950727.html)
July 26 1995: [M15: A Great Globular Cluster](ap950726.html)
July 25 1995: [M1: The Crab Nebula](ap950725.html)
July 24 1995: [M31: The Andromeda Galaxy](ap950724.html)
July 23 1995: [M20: The Trifid Nebula](ap950723.html)
July 22 1995: [The Face on Mars](ap950722.html)
July 21 1995: [The Search for Life on Mars](ap950721.html)
July 20 1995: [The Grand Canyon of Mars](ap950720.html)
July 19 1995: [The Mountains of Mars](ap950719.html)
July 18 1995: [Cygnus Loop Supernova Shockwave](ap950718.html)
July 17 1995: [Barsoom](ap950717.html)
July 16 1995: [The Exploration of Mars](ap950716.html)
July 15 1995: [The Crater Chain](ap950715.html)
July 14 1995: [Comet Impacts on Jupiter](ap950714.html)
July 13 1995: [A String Of Pearls](ap950713.html)
July 12 1995: [Eta Carinae Before Explosion](ap950712.html)
July 11 1995: [Microlensing of the Einstein Cross](ap950711.html)
July 10 1995: [Abell 2218: A Galaxy Cluster Lens](ap950710.html)
July 09 1995: [A Meteoric View of Apollo 13](ap950709.html)
July 08 1995: [Damage to Apollo 13](ap950708.html)
July 07 1995: [Lunar Farside from Apollo 13](ap950707.html)
July 06 1995: [Saturn, Rings, and Two Moons](ap950706.html)
July 05 1995: [The Night Side of Saturn](ap950705.html)
July 04 1995: [The Firework Nebula](ap950704.html)
July 03 1995: [The Great Nebula in Orion](ap950703.html)
July 02 1995: [The Cartwheel Galaxy](ap950702.html)
July 01 1995: [The Hooker Telescope on Mt. Wilson](ap950701.html)
June 30 1995: [Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon](ap950630.html)
June 29 1995: [The Earth - Moon System](ap950629.html)
June 28 1995: [The Cat's Eye Nebula](ap950628.html)
June 27 1995: [An Ultraviolet Image of M101](ap950627.html)
June 26 1995: [Spiral Galaxy M100](ap950626.html)
June 25 1995: [Jupiter from Voyager](ap950625.html)
June 24 1995: [Gamma Ray Crab, Geminga](ap950624.html)
June 23 1995: [Gamma Ray Sky Map](ap950623.html)
June 22 1995: [Earth from Apollo 17](ap950622.html)
June 21 1995: [Supernova 1987a Aftermath](ap950621.html)
June 20 1995: [Pleiades Star Cluster](ap950620.html)
June 16 1995: [Neutron Star Earth](ap950616.html)**
---
**Authors & editors:**
[Robert Nemiroff](http://www.mtu.edu/physics/department/faculty/
nemiroff/)
([MTU](http://www.phy.mtu.edu/)) and
[Jerry
Bonnell](http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html) ([UMCP](http://www.astro.umd.edu/))
**NASA Technical Rep.:** Phillip Newman.
[Specific rights apply](lib/about_apod.html#srapply).
[NASA Web
Privacy Policy and Important Notices](http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html)
**A service of:**
[ASD](http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/)
at
[NASA](http://www.nasa.gov/)/
[GSFC](http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/)
**&:**
[Michigan Tech. U.](http://www.mtu.edu/)
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— Dedicated to the preservation of early recorded sounds —
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<!-- EARLY RECORDED SOUNDS & WAX CYLINDERS -->
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<nobr><a href="earlywax.htm"><img src="m-band.jpg" width=102 height=114 alt="Early recording sessions" border=0></a> </nobr>
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<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
<td width=80% valign=top align=left colspan=2>
<font size=+1>
<a href="earlywax.htm">Early Recorded Sounds & Wax Cylinders</a><br>
</font>
<font size=-1>
Explore early sound recording methods, two-minute wax cylinder records
and antique phonographs; see plenty of rare vintage photos;
and enjoy listening to early recorded sounds taken directly from the original wax cylinders.
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<br> <br>
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<!-- CYLINDER OF THE MONTH, pt. 1 -->
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<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
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<font size=+1>
<a href="cylmonth.htm">Cylinder of the Month</a><br>
</font>
<font size=-1>
Listen to a complete two-minute wax cylinder recording –
a "new" cylinder every month.
<img src="vspace.gif" height=20 width=1 border=0 align=top><br clear=all>
<font color=#00af3f><b>For <a href="cylmonth.htm">December</a></b></font>:
From 1898, <em>The Sleigh Ride Party</em>
spirited by The Greater New York Quartette.
<img src="vspace.gif" height=20 width=1 border=0 align=top><br clear=all>
</td>
<!-- CYLINDER OF THE MONTH, pt. 2 -->
</tr><tr>
<td width=17% valign=center align=right>
<a href="cylmonth.htm"><img src="m-bwcyl.jpg" alt="Hear a complete wax cylinder recording." width=34 height=66 border=0></a>
<!--
<a href="cylmonth.htm"><img src="m-cylotm.jpg" width=153 height=99 alt="Listen to the cylinder of the month." border=0></a>
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</td>
<td width=3% valign=top align=right> </td>
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<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0>
<td valign=top><font color=#00af3f size=-1><b>Recently</b></font>:
</td>
<td valign=top>
<table cellpadding=0 xcellspacing=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-9802.htm">November</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Pucker Up Your Lips, Miss Lindy (Tenor duet) 1912
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-2310.htm">October</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Phroso Waltz (Orchestra) 1899
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-1012.htm">September</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Stop That Knocking at the Door (Quartette) 1906
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-0501.htm">August</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Carrie Nation in Kansas (Comic song) 1901
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-0809.htm">July</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Les Noces de Jeannette - Enfin, me voilà seul (Bass) 1904
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-9703.htm">June</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Grand March From Tannhauser (Concert band) 1899
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><font size=-1>
<a href="cm-0703.htm">May</a>:
</td><td align=right><font size=-1>
Three Minutes With the Minstrels (Minstrels) 1899
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</table>
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<font size=-1 color=#00af3f><b>See also the <a href="archive.htm">archive</a></b></font>.
<br> <br>
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<!-- T.A.E. COMMEMORATIVE -->
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<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
<td width=80% valign=top align=left colspan=2>
<font size=+1>
<a href="edison.htm">Thomas Edison Commemorative</a><br>
</font>
<br>
</td>
<!-- 1878 EXPERIMENTAL RECORDING -->
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<td width=17%></td>
<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
<td width=80% valign=top align=left colspan=2>
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<a href="cm-0101.htm">An 1878 Recording</a><br>
</font>
<font size=-1>
Want a primitive <nobr>recording? </nobr>
Try this experimental sound recording from 1878:
The world's earliest playable phonograph recording –
still audible today after more than 140 <nobr>years . . . </nobr>
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<br> <br>
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<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
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<a href="trc.htm">Tinfoil Resource Center</a><br>
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Locate answers, resources,
<a href="trc-sell.htm#phonrecs">buyers</a> and
<a href="trc-buy.htm#phonrecs">sellers</a> –
An antique phonograph and early sound recordings answer desk.
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<br> <br>
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<td width=3% valign=top align=right><font size=+1> <b>•</b> </font></td>
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<a href="2ndpage.htm">The 2<sup>nd</sup> Page</a><br>
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Many more Tinfoil.com features . . .
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<a href="2ndpage.htm#top">Feature presentations</a><br>
<a href="2ndpage.htm#current">Current events</a><br>
<a href="2ndpage.htm#fun">Just for fun</a>
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Updated:
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December 3, 2023.<br>
<a href="whatsnew.htm">See what's new</a>.
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<a href="earlywax.htm"><img src="m-tinf.jpg" width=132 height=81 alt="Tinfoil phonograph" border=0></a><br>
<!---
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<a href="earlywax.htm"><img src="m-pho.jpg" width=101 height=81 alt="Antique phonographs" border=0></a>
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<a href="cylshop.htm"><img src="cd-sign.gif" width=158 height=11 alt="See the full catalog" border=0></a><br>
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<div title="2 CDs (click to show)"
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<div title="Great introductions to the world of early sound recordings on wax cylinders. 2 CDs (click to show)"
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WAX CYLINDER SAMPLERS
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<div title="Great introductions to the world of early sound recordings on wax cylinders."
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WAX CYLINDER SAMPLERS
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<a href="vo-scbr.htm">
<img src="cms/s/scbr.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="The Brown Wax Sampler, 1891-1903 (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-scbr.htm">Brown Wax Sampler <nobr>(1891-1903)</nobr></a>
</font>
<p>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-scbl.htm">
<img src="cms/s/scbl.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="The Black Wax Sampler, 1902-1912 (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-scbl.htm">Black Wax Sampler <nobr>(1902-1912)</nobr></a>
</font>
</div>
<p>
<div id="bwHidden" style="display:show;">
<table width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 bgcolor=#efefdf border=0>
<td align=center>
<div style="position: relative;">
<div title="4 CDs (click to show)"
style="position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand;">
<img src="cms/i/showicon.gif" border=1 onclick="DoShow('bwShown', 'bwHidden')"></div>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2 color=#cf00cf>
<div title="The first generation and earliest commericial sound recordings. 4 CDs (click to show)"
onmouseover=this.style.color='#0000af' onmouseout=this.style.color='#cf00cf'
style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand; padding:0 12 0 12;" onclick="DoShow('bwShown', 'bwHidden')">
BROWN WAX SERIES<br>(1888-1903)
</div>
</font>
</div>
</td>
</table>
</div>
<div id="bwShown" style="display:none;">
<table width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 bgcolor=#efefdf border=0>
<td align=center>
<div style="position: relative;">
<div title="(click to hide)"
style="position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand;">
<img src="cms/i/hideicon.gif" border=1 onclick="DoShow('bwHidden', 'bwShown')"></div>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2 color=#cf00cf>
<div title="The first generation and earliest commericial sound recordings."
onmouseover=this.style.color='#0000af' onmouseout=this.style.color='#cf00cf'
style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand; padding:0 12 0 12;" onclick="DoShow('bwHidden', 'bwShown')">
BROWN WAX SERIES<br>(1888-1903)
</div>
</font>
</div>
</td>
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<p>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-bwna.htm">
<img src="cms/s/bwna.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="1888-1894, The North American Phonograph Company Era (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-bwna.htm">1888-1894</a>
</font>
<p>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-bwpn.htm">
<img src="cms/s/bwpn.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="1895-1897, The Post-North American Phonograph Company Era (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-bwpn.htm">1895-1897</a>
</font>
<p>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-bw98.htm">
<img src="cms/s/bw98.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="1898 (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-bw98.htm">1898</a>
</font>
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<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-bw99.htm">
<img src="cms/s/bw99.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="1899 (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-bw99.htm">1899</a>
</font>
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<div id="2mHidden" style="display:show;">
<table width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 bgcolor=#efefdf border=0>
<td align=center>
<div style="position: relative;">
<div title="7 CDs (click to show)"
style="position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand;">
<img src="cms/i/showicon.gif" border=1 onclick="DoShow('2mShown', '2mHidden')"></div>
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<div title="Popular wax cylinder sound recordings from the early 20th Century. 7 CDs (click to show)"
onmouseover=this.style.color='#0000af' onmouseout=this.style.color='#cf00cf'
style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand; padding:0 12 0 12;" onclick="DoShow('2mShown', '2mHidden')">
BLACK WAX SERIES<br>(1902-1912)
</div>
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</div>
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</table>
</div>
<div id="2mShown" style="display:none;">
<table width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 bgcolor=#efefdf border=0>
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<div title="(click to hide)"
style="position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand;">
<img src="cms/i/hideicon.gif" border=1 onclick="DoShow('2mHidden', '2mShown')"></div>
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<div title="Popular wax cylinder sound recordings from the early 20th Century."
onmouseover=this.style.color='#0000af' onmouseout=this.style.color='#cf00cf'
style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand; padding:0 12 0 12;" onclick="DoShow('2mHidden', '2mShown')">
BLACK WAX SERIES<br>(1902-1912)
</div>
</font>
</div>
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</table>
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<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-2mcs.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mcs.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Comic Songs (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mcs.htm">Comic Songs</a>
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<a href="vo-2mps.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mps.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Popular Songs (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mps.htm">Popular Songs</a>
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<a href="vo-2mpb.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mpb.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Popular Band & Instrumental (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mpb.htm">Popular Band & Instrumental</a>
</font>
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<a href="vo-2mvm.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mvm.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Vaudeville & Minstrelsy (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mvm.htm">Vaudeville & Minstrelsy</a>
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<a href="vo-2mco.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mco.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Classical, Orchestral & Instrumental (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mco.htm">Classical, Orchestral & Instrumental</a>
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<a href="vo-2mhs.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mhs.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Hymns & Sacred Songs (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mhs.htm">Hymns & Sacred Songs</a>
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<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-2mss.htm">
<img src="cms/s/2mss.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Sentimental Songs (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-2mss.htm">Sentimental Songs</a>
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<table width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 bgcolor=#efefdf border=0>
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<div title="Anthologies and special collections of early sound recordings. 2 CDs (click to show)"
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SPECIAL COMPILATIONS
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<div title="(click to hide)"
style="position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand;">
<img src="cms/i/hideicon.gif" border=1 onclick="DoShow('scHidden', 'scShown')"></div>
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<div title="Anthologies and special collections of early sound recordings."
onmouseover=this.style.color='#0000af' onmouseout=this.style.color='#cf00cf'
style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand; padding:0 12 0 12;" onclick="DoShow('scHidden', 'scShown')">
SPECIAL COMPILATIONS
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</div>
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<p>
<font face="verdana, arial" size=-2>
<a href="vo-scis.htm">
<img src="cms/s/scis.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Ira Sankey, 1898-1900 (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-scis.htm">Ira Sankey<br>1898-1900</a>
</font>
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<a href="vo-scjm.htm">
<img src="cms/s/scjm.jpg" width=75 height=75 alt="Ada Jones & Billy Murray (click for details)"></a><br>
<a href="vo-scjm.htm">Ada Jones & Billy Murray</a>
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<div id="specialoffers" style="display:show;">
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<a href="cylshop.htm#special" title="3 Special Offers available (click to show)"
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SPECIAL OFFERS
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BOOKS & OTHER
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<a href="/">Home</a>
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<a href="earlywax.htm">Early recorded sounds & wax cylinders</a>
</td><td><small>
<a href="cylshop.htm">Cylinder music shop</a>
</td><td><small>
<a href="edison.htm">An Edison commemorative</a>
</td></tr><tr align=center><td><small>
<a href="2ndpage.htm">2<sup>nd</sup> page</a>
</td><td><small>
<a href="collectr.htm">Note to early recordings collectors</a>
</td><td><small>
<a href="cylmonth.htm">Cylinder of the month</a>
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<a href="more.htm#links">Links to related topics</a>
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<a href="whatsnew.htm">What's new</a>
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<a href="trc.htm">Tinfoil resource center</a>
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<a href="archive.htm">Cylinders of the month archive</a>
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Tinfoil.com - Early Recorded Sounds and Wax Cylinders
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Remembering September 11, 2001 |
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Welcome to Tinfoil.com: Early sound recording methods, wax cylinder records, antique phonographs, and more.
*— Dedicated to the preservation of early recorded sounds —*
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| [Early recording sessions](earlywax.htm) | **•** |
[Early Recorded Sounds & Wax Cylinders](earlywax.htm)
Explore early sound recording methods, two-minute wax cylinder records
and antique phonographs; see plenty of rare vintage photos;
and enjoy listening to early recorded sounds taken directly from the original wax cylinders.
|
| **•** |
[Cylinder of the Month](cylmonth.htm)
Listen to a complete two-minute wax cylinder recording –
a "new" cylinder every month.
**For [December](cylmonth.htm)**:
From 1898, *The Sleigh Ride Party*
spirited by The Greater New York Quartette.
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| [Hear a complete wax cylinder recording.](cylmonth.htm)
| |
**Recently**:
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| --- | --- |
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[November](cm-9802.htm):
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Pucker Up Your Lips, Miss Lindy (Tenor duet) 1912
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[October](cm-2310.htm):
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Phroso Waltz (Orchestra) 1899
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[September](cm-1012.htm):
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Stop That Knocking at the Door (Quartette) 1906
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[August](cm-0501.htm):
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Carrie Nation in Kansas (Comic song) 1901
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[July](cm-0809.htm):
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Les Noces de Jeannette - Enfin, me voilà seul (Bass) 1904
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[June](cm-9703.htm):
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Grand March From Tannhauser (Concert band) 1899
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[May](cm-0703.htm):
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Three Minutes With the Minstrels (Minstrels) 1899
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**See also the [archive](archive.htm)**.
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| | **•** |
[Thomas Edison Commemorative](edison.htm)
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| | **•** |
[An 1878 Recording](cm-0101.htm)
Want a primitive recording?
Try this experimental sound recording from 1878:
The world's earliest playable phonograph recording –
still audible today after more than 140 years . . .
|
| | **•** |
[Tinfoil Resource Center](trc.htm)
Locate answers, resources,
[buyers](trc-sell.htm#phonrecs) and
[sellers](trc-buy.htm#phonrecs) –
An antique phonograph and early sound recordings answer desk.
|
| [The 2nd page](2ndpage.htm)
| **•** |
[The 2nd Page](2ndpage.htm)
Many more Tinfoil.com features . . .
|
[Feature presentations](2ndpage.htm#top)
[Current events](2ndpage.htm#current)
[Just for fun](2ndpage.htm#fun)
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|
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Updated:
December 3, 2023.
[See what's new](whatsnew.htm).
[Tinfoil phonograph](earlywax.htm)
[See the full catalog](cylshop.htm)
[How to order](cms-mail.htm)
|
[Learn more](cms-info.htm)
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Free shipping (USA orders)
**- Available CD Titles -**( [Full Catalog](cylshop.htm) )
WAX CYLINDER SAMPLERS
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WAX CYLINDER SAMPLERS
|
[The Brown Wax Sampler, 1891-1903 (click for details)](vo-scbr.htm)
[Brown Wax Sampler (1891-1903)](vo-scbr.htm)
[The Black Wax Sampler, 1902-1912 (click for details)](vo-scbl.htm)
[Black Wax Sampler (1902-1912)](vo-scbl.htm)
BROWN WAX SERIES(1888-1903)
|
BROWN WAX SERIES(1888-1903)
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[1888-1894, The North American Phonograph Company Era (click for details)](vo-bwna.htm)
[1888-1894](vo-bwna.htm)
[1895-1897, The Post-North American Phonograph Company Era (click for details)](vo-bwpn.htm)
[1895-1897](vo-bwpn.htm)
[1898 (click for details)](vo-bw98.htm)
[1898](vo-bw98.htm)
[1899 (click for details)](vo-bw99.htm)
[1899](vo-bw99.htm)
BLACK WAX SERIES(1902-1912)
|
BLACK WAX SERIES(1902-1912)
|
[Comic Songs (click for details)](vo-2mcs.htm)
[Comic Songs](vo-2mcs.htm)
[Popular Songs (click for details)](vo-2mps.htm)
[Popular Songs](vo-2mps.htm)
[Popular Band & Instrumental (click for details)](vo-2mpb.htm)
[Popular Band & Instrumental](vo-2mpb.htm)
[Vaudeville & Minstrelsy (click for details)](vo-2mvm.htm)
[Vaudeville & Minstrelsy](vo-2mvm.htm)
[Classical, Orchestral & Instrumental (click for details)](vo-2mco.htm)
[Classical, Orchestral & Instrumental](vo-2mco.htm)
[Hymns & Sacred Songs (click for details)](vo-2mhs.htm)
[Hymns & Sacred Songs](vo-2mhs.htm)
[Sentimental Songs (click for details)](vo-2mss.htm)
[Sentimental Songs](vo-2mss.htm)
SPECIAL COMPILATIONS
|
SPECIAL COMPILATIONS
|
[Ira Sankey, 1898-1900 (click for details)](vo-scis.htm)
[Ira Sankey1898-1900](vo-scis.htm)
[Ada Jones & Billy Murray (click for details)](vo-scjm.htm)
[Ada Jones & Billy Murray](vo-scjm.htm)
[SPECIAL OFFERS](cylshop.htm#special "3 Special Offers available (click to show)")
|
[BOOKS & OTHER](cylshop.htm#misc "Books and other items (click to show)")
|
|
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---
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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[Home](/)
|
[Early recorded sounds & wax cylinders](earlywax.htm)
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[Cylinder music shop](cylshop.htm)
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[An Edison commemorative](edison.htm)
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[2nd page](2ndpage.htm)
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[Note to early recordings collectors](collectr.htm)
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[Cylinder of the month](cylmonth.htm)
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[Links to related topics](more.htm#links)
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|
[What's new](whatsnew.htm)
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[Tinfoil resource center](trc.htm)
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[Cylinders of the month archive](archive.htm)
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[Donate to Tinfoil.com](cms-mail.htm#donation)
|
---
[Copyright](copyright.htm) (C) (P) 1996-2023 Glenn Sage, Portland, Oregon. All Rights Reserved.
[Contacting Tinfoil.com](contact.htm).
---
Established: August 31, 1996.
| http://tinfoil.com/ |
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<p>On this website you can find everything about downloading files from binary newsgroups on Usenet.<br />
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<i>Multiple times a day</i> we check whether new versions of the following programs have been released: NewsLeecher, Grabit, NewsReactor, Usenet Explorer, SABnzbd+, Ninan, NewsBin Pro, NNTPGrab, Xnews, BNR2, alt.binz, QuickPar, UNA, AutoUnpack, WinRAR, 7-Zip and more. So, do you want to know whether there is a new version available of one of the programs that you use? Just visit Binaries4all!
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<b>19 December</b>
<ul class="bulletlist">
<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../ue/">Usenet Explorer</a> 5.8.5 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3296">What's new?</a></li>
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<b>13 December</b>
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<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../winrar/">WinRAR</a> 7.00 beta 3 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3294">What's new?</a></li>
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<b>7 December</b>
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<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../transmission/">Transmission</a> 4.0.5 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3292">What's new?</a></li>
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<b>1 December</b>
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<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../ue/">Usenet Explorer</a> 5.8.4 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3290">What's new?</a></li>
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<b>29 November</b>
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<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../ue/">Usenet Explorer</a> 5.8.3 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3288">What's new?</a></li>
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<b>23 November</b>
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<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../winrar/">WinRAR</a> 7.00 beta 2 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3286">What's new?</a></li>
</ul>
<b>23 October</b>
<ul class="bulletlist">
<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../winrar/">WinRAR</a> 7.00 beta 1 has been released.</li>
</ul>
<b>5 October</b>
<ul class="bulletlist">
<li><img src="../layout/new.png" alt="new" /> New version: <a href="../winrar/">WinRAR</a> 6.24 has been released. <a href="changelog/index.php?c=3282">What's new?</a></li>
</ul>
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</div><div class="red"><img src="../layout/note_error.png" alt="note" /> <b>Important:</b><br />When downloading from binary newsgroups on Usenet you will notice that besides free material there are also files that are copyrighted. Downloading or distributing copyrighted material is prohibited by law. This site isn’t meant to promote distributing this material, it’s only meant to explain how binary newsgroups and related software work. You won’t find any links to such material, cracks or serial numbers here. Therefore our advise: study what is allowed by law and act accordingly.</div> <!-- google_ad_section_end -->
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All information about binary newsgroups and usenet | Binaries4all Usenet Tutorials
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* **General**
+ [Introduction for beginners](//www.binaries4all.com/beginners/)
+ [Usenet related terms](//www.binaries4all.com/terms/index.php)
+ [What are incomplete files?](//www.binaries4all.com/incomplete/)
+ [What is an NZB file?](//www.binaries4all.com/nzb/)
+ [Viewing NFO files](//www.binaries4all.com/nfoviewer/)
+ Archiving / Extracting
- [Archiving & extracting with WinRAR](//www.binaries4all.com/winrar/)
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+ [Introduction for beginners](//www.binaries4all.com/beginners/)
+ [Which newsreader is the best?](//www.binaries4all.com/newsreaders/)
+ [What are incomplete files?](//www.binaries4all.com/incomplete/)
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+ [Introduction for beginners](//www.binaries4all.com/beginners/)
+ [Creating NFO files](//www.binaries4all.com/create_nfo/)
+ [Posting with PowerPost](//www.binaries4all.com/powerpost/)
+ [Posting with yEncBin Poster](//www.binaries4all.com/yencbin/)
+ [Creating video samples](//www.binaries4all.com/videosamples/)
+ [Optimizing your posts](//www.binaries4all.com/optimizing/)
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+ [Apples (Mac OS) software](//www.binaries4all.com/mac/)
* [About Binaries4all](//www.binaries4all.com/webmaster/)
Best Usenet servers
**1. Eweka**
Best Dutch provider
[Eweka](../redirect.php?co=eweka)
**2. Newshosting**
All-in-one (with VPN)
[Newshosting](../redirect.php?co=newshosting_com)
**3. Easynews**
Best usenet search
[Easynews](../redirect.php?co=easynews_com)
# Welcome to Binaries4all Usenet Tutorials
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
On this website you can find everything about downloading files from binary newsgroups on Usenet.
Is this completely new to you? Then check out the [**Introduction for beginners!**](../beginners/)
### This month's popular topics
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Binaries4all Payservers | [Binaries4all Payservers](../payservers/) | Introduction for beginners | [Introduction for beginners](../beginners/) | SpotLite | [**SpotLite**](../spotlite/) |
**Binaries4all News**
*Multiple times a day* we check whether new versions of the following programs have been released: NewsLeecher, Grabit, NewsReactor, Usenet Explorer, SABnzbd+, Ninan, NewsBin Pro, NNTPGrab, Xnews, BNR2, alt.binz, QuickPar, UNA, AutoUnpack, WinRAR, 7-Zip and more. So, do you want to know whether there is a new version available of one of the programs that you use? Just visit Binaries4all!
**19 December**
*  New version: [Usenet Explorer](../ue/) 5.8.5 has been released. [What's new?](changelog/index.php?c=3296)
**13 December**
*  New version: [WinRAR](../winrar/) 7.00 beta 3 has been released. [What's new?](changelog/index.php?c=3294)
**7 December**
*  New version: [Transmission](../transmission/) 4.0.5 has been released. [What's new?](changelog/index.php?c=3292)
**1 December**
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<FONT SIZE="-1"><BR><A HREF="Browse/index.html">Browse and<BR>Comment</A></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="Browse/index.html">Select from a list of 441 works of classical
literature</A> by 59 different authors, including user-driven
commentary and "reader's choice" Web sites. Mainly Greco-Roman works
(some Chinese and Persian), all in English translation.</TD>
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<b>5/10/23</b>: With the classics.mit.edu site not responding on The Tech's w20 infrastructure, this copy has been
taken over by MIT IS&T and provided as-is. Our data source was <a href="https://github.com/TheMITTech">https://github.com/TheMITTech</a> and you can follow up with the contact information provided there if you have any questions.
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<b>3/14/11</b>: We are launching a restoration project in the spring of 2011 to fix up the broken content on the site.
Thanks to everyone for your patience as we continue to restore the missing works.
Please see the help section if you have any questions.
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="other.html">Consult a list</A>
of other classical and electronic text resources, including several
Web rings. In addition, each work has its own list of "reader's
choice" Web sites (see <A HREF="#Browse">Browse</A>
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The Internet Classics Archive: 441 searchable works of classical literature
Bringing the wisdom of the classics to the
Internet since 1994.
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Browse a list of titles](Browse/index.html)
[Browse andComment](Browse/index.html) | [Select from a list of 441 works of classical
literature](Browse/index.html) by 59 different authors, including user-driven
commentary and "reader's choice" Web sites. Mainly Greco-Roman works
(some Chinese and Persian), all in English translation. | | Announcements
---
**5/10/23**: With the classics.mit.edu site not responding on The Tech's w20 infrastructure, this copy has been
taken over by MIT IS&T and provided as-is. Our data source was <https://github.com/TheMITTech> and you can follow up with the contact information provided there if you have any questions.
---
**3/14/11**: We are launching a restoration project in the spring of 2011 to fix up the broken content on the site.
Thanks to everyone for your patience as we continue to restore the missing works.
Please see the help section if you have any questions.
|
| [Search texts](Search/index.html)
[Search](Search/index.html) | [Construct powerful queries](Search/index.html) to search the
texts provided locally and remotely. Search by work and author, as
well as the entire archive. [Search now!](/Search/) |
| [Buy books and CD-ROMs](Buy/index.html)
[Buy Books](Buy/index.html) | [Purchase books](Buy/index.html) using searches and lists of books
available from [Amazon.com](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/theinteclasar-20),
including books in the Loeb Classical Library. |
| [Get help](Help/general.html)
[Help](Help/general.html) | [Consult the help pages](Help/general.html) for answers to
common questions.
|
| [View list of other resources](other.html)
[Other Links](other.html) | [Consult a list](other.html)
of other classical and electronic text resources, including several
Web rings. In addition, each work has its own list of "reader's
choice" Web sites (see [Browse](#Browse)
above). |
| | | [Acknowledgments](acknowledgments.html) and
[Awards](awards.html)
[Information and Privacy Policy](infopolicy.html)
[Go to Apple](http://www.apple.com/)
[Go to Web Atomics](http://webatomics.com/)
Web Atomics |
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The Internet Classics Archive by Daniel C. Stevenson, Web Atomics.
World Wide Web presentation is copyright © 1994-2009, Daniel
C. Stevenson, Web Atomics.
All rights reserved under international and pan-American copyright
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in any form. Direct permission requests to [email protected].
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<A HREF="../vessels/main.html" TARGET=_"blank">Giant<br>Containers</a></td>
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<A HREF="../fairyparks/main.html" TARGET=_"blank">Fairy Tale & <br>Santa Parks</a></td>
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<br><b>Copyright.</b> All photos at this website are copyrighted and may only be used with my consent. This includes posting them at Facebook, Pinterest, blogs, other websites, personal use, etc.
<p><b>Tips & Updates.</b> If you have suggestions about places that I haven't covered, historical info, or updates about places/things that have been remodeled or removed, I'd love to hear from you: [email protected].
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>delitz.fr</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Delitz.fr</h1>
<p>
Welcome to <em>delitz.fr</em>, a collection of resources dedicated to the Hebrew
translation of the New Testament by 19th century Christian Hebraist
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Delitzsch">Franz Delitzsch</a>.
<p>
On this site you can read online the <a href="tnk.html">Hebrew Bible</a>,
the <a href="gnt/">Greek New Testament</a>,
and two versions of Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament: the <a href="12/">12th edition</a>
(1901), and the revised <a href="negev/">Negev Version</a> (2003) that is based on the 8th
edition from 1885.
<p>
You are also invited to take a peek at <a href="bdb/">an experimental version</a> of the
classic "Brown-Driver-Briggs" Hebrew and English Lexicon from 1906 (work in progress).
<p>
The Negev Version is available also as a <a href="doc/NT.pdf">PDF file</a>
(Beer-Sheva 2002, size: 7.2MB).
<p>
Also the following documents (in PDF format) and external links are available:
<h2>Documents</h2>
<ul>
<li>Samuel Ives Curtiss: <a href="doc/memorial.pdf">Franz Delitzsch: A Memorial Tribute</a>, Edinburgh 1891, size: 1.8MB
<li>Gustaf Dalman: <a href="doc/hebrewnt.pdf">The Hebrew New Testament of Franz Delitzsch</a>, The Old and New Testament Student Vol. 15, No. 3/4 (Sep. - Oct., 1892), pp. 145-150, size: 205KB
<li><a href="doc/davidson.pdf">Davidson on Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament</a>, Hebraica Vol. 1, No. 1 (Mar. - Apr. - May, 1884), pp. 16-17, size: 267KB
<li><a href="doc/NT.pdf">Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament</a>, "Negev Version", Beer-Sheva 2002, size: 7.2MB
<li>Franz Delitzsch:
<ul>
<li><a href="doc/traces1.pdf">Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. I.</a>, The Hebrew Student Vol. 2, No. 3 (Nov., 1882), pp. 81-82, size: 114KB
<li><a href="doc/traces2.pdf">Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. II.</a>, The Hebrew Student Vol. 2, No. 4 (Dec., 1882), pp. 104-105, size: 149KB
<li><a href="doc/traces3.pdf">Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. III.</a>, The Old Testament Student Vol. 3, No. 1 (Sep., 1883), pp. 1-2, size: 112KB
<li><a href="doc/hebrewnew.pdf">The Hebrew New Testament of the British and foreign Bible society : a contribution to Hebrew philology</a>, Leipzig 1883, size: 2.4MB
<li><a href="doc/thehebrew.pdf">The Hebrew New Testament.</a>, The Church at Home and Abroad Vol. V (1889), pp. 136-137, size: 690KB
<li><a href="doc/critical1.pdf">In Self-Defence: Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., I.</a>, The Expositor third series 9.2 (Feb. 1889), pp. 135-141, size: 142KB
<li><a href="doc/critical23.pdf">Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., II., III.</a>, The Expositor third series 9.4 (April 1889), pp. 310-315, size: 117KB
<li><a href="doc/critical4.pdf">Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., IV.</a>, The Expositor third series 10.4 (Oct. 1889), pp. 317-320, size: 85KB
</ul>
<li>Samuel Rolles Driver:
<ul>
<li><a href="doc/two.pdf">Two Hebrew New Testaments.</a>, The Expositor third series 3.4 (April 1886), pp. 260-275, size: 316KB
<li><a href="doc/driver.pdf">Professor Franz Delitzsch.</a>, The Expository Times 1.9 (June 1890), pp. 197-201, size: 178KB
</ul>
<li>B. Felsenthal: <a href="doc/dress.pdf">The New Testament in Hebrew Dress</a>, The Hebrew Student Vol. 1, No. 4 (Jul., 1882), p. 69, size: 146KB
<li>Hermann V. Hilprecht and Franz Delitzsch: <a href="doc/autobio.pdf">Franz Delitzsch. Autobiography; With Introduction and Notes</a>, The Old Testament Student Vol. 6, No. 7 (Mar., 1887), pp. 209-213, size: 223KB
<li>Gershon Nerel: <a href="doc/flagship.pdf">The "Flagship" of Hebrew New Testaments: A Recent Revision by Israeli Messianic Jews</a>, Mishkan, 41 (2004), pp. 49-56, size: 119KB
<li>Eran Shuali: <a href="doc/shuali.pdf">The Translation of the New Testament into Hebrew in the Eyes of Franz Delitzsch</a>, WrocÅaw Theological Review Vol 26 No 1 (2018), pp. 85-96, size: 232KB
</ul>
<h2>External links</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Delitzsch">Franz Delitzsch</a> in Wikipedia
<li>Franz Delitzsch:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10999376-4">Paulus des Apostels Brief an die Römer</a>, Leipzig 1870 (scanned images)
<li>Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae, 1876-1878 (scanned images):
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0412">I. Matthaeus</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0417">II. Marcus</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0604">III. Lucas</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0613">IV. Johannes</a> (1876)
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0006">V. Apostelgeschichte</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0016">VI. Römerbrief</a> (1877)
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0214">VII. Erster Korintherbrief</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0455">VIII. Zweiter Brief an die Korinther</a> (1877)
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0604">IX. Brief an die Galater</a> (1877)
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0014">X. Brief an die Epheser</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0222">XI. Philipperbrief</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0414">XII. Colosserbrief</a> (1878)
</ul>
<li>Neue Beobachtungen über hebräische Spracheigenthümlichkeiten, 1889-1890 (scanned images):
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0217">I.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0221">II.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0225">III. und IV.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0229">V. und VI.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0235">VII.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0242">VIII.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0246">IX.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0249">X.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_011_1890/0010">XI.</a>,
<a href="http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_011_1890/0017">XII.</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00089683-6">Eine Uebersetzungsarbeit von 52 Jahren</a>, Leipzig 1891 (scanned images)
</ul>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/hebrewnewtestam00deli">Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament</a>, 12th edition, Berlin 1901 (scanned images)
</ul>
</body>
</html>
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delitz.fr
# Delitz.fr
Welcome to *delitz.fr*, a collection of resources dedicated to the Hebrew
translation of the New Testament by 19th century Christian Hebraist
[Franz Delitzsch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Delitzsch).
On this site you can read online the [Hebrew Bible](tnk.html),
the [Greek New Testament](gnt/),
and two versions of Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament: the [12th edition](12/)
(1901), and the revised [Negev Version](negev/) (2003) that is based on the 8th
edition from 1885.
You are also invited to take a peek at [an experimental version](bdb/) of the
classic "Brown-Driver-Briggs" Hebrew and English Lexicon from 1906 (work in progress).
The Negev Version is available also as a [PDF file](doc/NT.pdf)
(Beer-Sheva 2002, size: 7.2MB).
Also the following documents (in PDF format) and external links are available:
## Documents
* Samuel Ives Curtiss: [Franz Delitzsch: A Memorial Tribute](doc/memorial.pdf), Edinburgh 1891, size: 1.8MB
* Gustaf Dalman: [The Hebrew New Testament of Franz Delitzsch](doc/hebrewnt.pdf), The Old and New Testament Student Vol. 15, No. 3/4 (Sep. - Oct., 1892), pp. 145-150, size: 205KB
* [Davidson on Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament](doc/davidson.pdf), Hebraica Vol. 1, No. 1 (Mar. - Apr. - May, 1884), pp. 16-17, size: 267KB
* [Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament](doc/NT.pdf), "Negev Version", Beer-Sheva 2002, size: 7.2MB
* Franz Delitzsch:
+ [Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. I.](doc/traces1.pdf), The Hebrew Student Vol. 2, No. 3 (Nov., 1882), pp. 81-82, size: 114KB
+ [Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. II.](doc/traces2.pdf), The Hebrew Student Vol. 2, No. 4 (Dec., 1882), pp. 104-105, size: 149KB
+ [Traces of the Vernacular Tongue in the Gospels. III.](doc/traces3.pdf), The Old Testament Student Vol. 3, No. 1 (Sep., 1883), pp. 1-2, size: 112KB
+ [The Hebrew New Testament of the British and foreign Bible society : a contribution to Hebrew philology](doc/hebrewnew.pdf), Leipzig 1883, size: 2.4MB
+ [The Hebrew New Testament.](doc/thehebrew.pdf), The Church at Home and Abroad Vol. V (1889), pp. 136-137, size: 690KB
+ [In Self-Defence: Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., I.](doc/critical1.pdf), The Expositor third series 9.2 (Feb. 1889), pp. 135-141, size: 142KB
+ [Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., II., III.](doc/critical23.pdf), The Expositor third series 9.4 (April 1889), pp. 310-315, size: 117KB
+ [Critical Observations on My Hebrew New Testament., IV.](doc/critical4.pdf), The Expositor third series 10.4 (Oct. 1889), pp. 317-320, size: 85KB* Samuel Rolles Driver:
+ [Two Hebrew New Testaments.](doc/two.pdf), The Expositor third series 3.4 (April 1886), pp. 260-275, size: 316KB
+ [Professor Franz Delitzsch.](doc/driver.pdf), The Expository Times 1.9 (June 1890), pp. 197-201, size: 178KB* B. Felsenthal: [The New Testament in Hebrew Dress](doc/dress.pdf), The Hebrew Student Vol. 1, No. 4 (Jul., 1882), p. 69, size: 146KB
* Hermann V. Hilprecht and Franz Delitzsch: [Franz Delitzsch. Autobiography; With Introduction and Notes](doc/autobio.pdf), The Old Testament Student Vol. 6, No. 7 (Mar., 1887), pp. 209-213, size: 223KB
* Gershon Nerel: [The "Flagship" of Hebrew New Testaments: A Recent Revision by Israeli Messianic Jews](doc/flagship.pdf), Mishkan, 41 (2004), pp. 49-56, size: 119KB
* Eran Shuali: [The Translation of the New Testament into Hebrew in the Eyes of Franz Delitzsch](doc/shuali.pdf), WrocÅaw Theological Review Vol 26 No 1 (2018), pp. 85-96, size: 232KB
## External links
* [Franz Delitzsch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Delitzsch) in Wikipedia
* Franz Delitzsch:
+ [Paulus des Apostels Brief an die Römer](http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10999376-4), Leipzig 1870 (scanned images)
+ Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae, 1876-1878 (scanned images):
- [I. Matthaeus](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0412),
[II. Marcus](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0417),
[III. Lucas](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0604),
[IV. Johannes](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1876/0613) (1876)
- [V. Apostelgeschichte](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0006),
[VI. Römerbrief](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0016) (1877)
- [VII. Erster Korintherbrief](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0214),
[VIII. Zweiter Brief an die Korinther](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0455) (1877)
- [IX. Brief an die Galater](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1877/0604) (1877)
- [X. Brief an die Epheser](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0014),
[XI. Philipperbrief](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0222),
[XII. Colosserbrief](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/zlthk_1878/0414) (1878)+ Neue Beobachtungen über hebräische Spracheigenthümlichkeiten, 1889-1890 (scanned images):
- [I.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0217),
[II.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0221),
[III. und IV.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0225),
[V. und VI.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0229),
[VII.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0235),
[VIII.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0242),
[IX.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0246),
[X.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_010_1889/0249),
[XI.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_011_1890/0010),
[XII.](http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/diglit/thlb_011_1890/0017)+ [Eine Uebersetzungsarbeit von 52 Jahren](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00089683-6), Leipzig 1891 (scanned images)* [Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament](https://archive.org/details/hebrewnewtestam00deli), 12th edition, Berlin 1901 (scanned images)
| http://delitz.fr/ |
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<h1>
What the heck is chowder?
</h1>
<p>
Chowder is a thick and hearty soup with many different variations, usually prepared with a cream and roux base,
along with many different vegetables and seafood. The etymology of the word “chowder” is a heavily debated topic,
however the most agreed upon root is the French word “chaudière”, meaning cauldron.
This gives us a hint as to how it was made, as the early settlers of Canada and the U.S. needed to make a meal with their limited tools
and ingredients.
<img class="img" alt="Official ChowderWorld™ Chowder." src="img\image3.jpg" style="float: left">
Many places around the world have their own kind of chowder, although it is safe to say that the United States has the
firmest grasp on what chowder is known as. From the tomato based broths of Manhattan, to the creamy salmon stews of Seattle,
chowder’s versatility is truly a thing to be admired.
</p>
<h1>
How is this stuff made?
</h1>
<p>
Chowder begins with either cream or broth, lots of veggies, and usually some kind of seafood. Without a doubt, the most common thread in chowder is clams.
Other seafood is used of course, but clams appear in almost every type of chowder. Don’t worry, though! The chowder I’ll be showing you how to
make is completely vegetarian, no seafood at all! You will witness chowder’s diversity first hand, because today you will learn how to make <b>corn chowder.</b>
This recipe is mostly the same as the recipe from legendary chef J. Kenji López-Alt, with a few ChowderWorld™ touches.
</p>
<h1>
Official ChowderWorld™ Corn Chowder
</h1>
<p>
284 calories, 14g fat, 39g carbs, 7.2g protein per serving. Calculated using nutritionvalue.org. Serves 6-8.
</p>
<h2>
Ingredients
</h2>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc;">
<img class="img" src="img\image6.jpg" style="float: right; margin-inline: 100p; width: 350px" alt="Ingredients.">
<li>6 ears of corn, husked and silk removed.</li>
<li>1½ quarts of vegetable stock.</li>
<li>4 tablespoons of butter</li>
<li>1 medium sized onion, diced.</li>
<li>2 cloves of garlic, minced.</li>
<li>3 tablespoons of flour.</li>
<li>2 russet potatoes, peeled and cut into ½ inch cubes.</li>
<li>2 cups half-and-half.</li>
<li>3 green onions, sliced for garnish.</li>
<li>1 bay leaf.</li>
<li>1 teaspoon whole fennel seeds.</li>
<li>1 teaspoon coriander seeds.</li>
<li>1 teaspoon whole black peppercorns.</li>
<li>Sugar, salt, paprika, fresh ground black pepper and white pepper to taste.</li>
</ul>
<h1>
Cooking
</h1>
<p>
Once your corn is husked and completely de-silked, you must remove the kernels from the cob.
Stand the corn upright in a large bowl and cut downwards to remove the kernels. Do not throw away the cobs!
I forgot to take a picture of this bit, so look up a picture if you are confused.
<br>
<br>
Using the back of your knife, scrape the cobs into a large saucepan or pot. Extracting the milk from the cob will
bring this soup to the next level. Then, break your cobs in half and add to the pot. To this, add your stock, bay leaf,
fennel seed, coriander seed, and peppercorns. Make sure everything is stirred together, then bring to a boil over high heat.
Once a boil has been reached, reduce to a low simmer and let everything steep for 10 minutes. By doing this,
we are infusing our stock with extra corn flavor and various other spices, making our soup flavourful to its core.
Once steeped, strain with a fine mesh strainer and throw away the spices and cobs.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-inline: 6.5%;">
<img class="img" src="img\image4.jpg" alt="Scraping the corn.">
<img class="img" src="img\image12.jpg" alt="Combining the corn with the broth in the pot.">
<img class="img" src="img\image5.jpg" alt="Adding the spices and cobs to the pot.">
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 75px;">
This next step can be done while your stock is steeping, but if you want to take things slowly you can.
Melt butter in a separate pan over medium-high heat. Add the corn kernels, onions, and garlic, stirring often,
and cook until the onions are soft and kernels are tender, or about 7 minutes. Once everything is tender,
add flour and stir non-stop for a minute. This is where our roux is created, which in case you are unfamiliar,
is just a flour and butter mixture used to thicken soups.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-inline: 6.5%;">
<img class="img" src="img\image7.jpg" alt="Simmering the onions and corn in butter.">
<img class="img" src="img\image8.jpg" alt="Adding flour to the corn and onions.">
<img class="img" src="img\image10.jpg" alt="Simmering some more.">
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 75px;">
While stirring constantly, slowly add the infused stock, and let it come to a simmer. Add potatoes and a teaspoon of salt,
and let this simmer until the potatoes are fork-tender, or about 10 minutes. Add the half-and-half and stir.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-inline: 6.5%;">
<img class="img" src="img\image9.jpg" alt="Adding the strained broth to the corn and onions.">
<img class="img" src="img\image13.jpg" alt="Adding the potatoes to the pot.">
<img class="img" src="img\image14.jpg" alt="Adding cream to the pot.">
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 75px;">
If you do not own a hand blender, transfer half of the soup to a regular blender and blend until smooth,
then return it to the pot. However, I personally prefer the consistency a hand blender allows, so if you have one use it.
For the hand blender, just blend until you reach a consistency you like, although I suggest you don't blend too smooth.
Season to taste with salt pepper, sugar, and white pepper.
</p>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-inline: 6.5%;">
<img class="img" src="img\image11.jpg" alt="Blending the soup.">
<img class="img" src="img\image2.jpg" alt="Spicing to taste.">
<img class="img" src="img\image15.jpg" alt="More spice.">
</div>
<p>
Garnish with green onions and paprika and serve hot, or store for later. Like most soups,
this tastes twice as good once it has time to sit in the fridge for a while. Also, you can eat it cold!
If you find the consistency to be too thick when eating cold, add water a little at a time until you get the consistency you want.
</p>
<div class="space"></div>
<p style="text-align: center;">
Now sit back and enjoy your delicious ChowderWorld™ Chowder, you earned it!
</p>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-inline: 6.5%;">
<img class="img" src="img\image1.jpg" alt="Some more ChowderWorld™ Chowder." style="width: 60;">
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ChowderWorld! - Home
# ChowderWorld™
* [Home](index.html)
* [About](about.html)
* [Credits](credits.html)
* [Donate](donate.html)
#
What the heck is chowder?
Chowder is a thick and hearty soup with many different variations, usually prepared with a cream and roux base,
along with many different vegetables and seafood. The etymology of the word “chowder” is a heavily debated topic,
however the most agreed upon root is the French word “chaudière”, meaning cauldron.
This gives us a hint as to how it was made, as the early settlers of Canada and the U.S. needed to make a meal with their limited tools
and ingredients.
Many places around the world have their own kind of chowder, although it is safe to say that the United States has the
firmest grasp on what chowder is known as. From the tomato based broths of Manhattan, to the creamy salmon stews of Seattle,
chowder’s versatility is truly a thing to be admired.
#
How is this stuff made?
Chowder begins with either cream or broth, lots of veggies, and usually some kind of seafood. Without a doubt, the most common thread in chowder is clams.
Other seafood is used of course, but clams appear in almost every type of chowder. Don’t worry, though! The chowder I’ll be showing you how to
make is completely vegetarian, no seafood at all! You will witness chowder’s diversity first hand, because today you will learn how to make **corn chowder.**
This recipe is mostly the same as the recipe from legendary chef J. Kenji López-Alt, with a few ChowderWorld™ touches.
#
Official ChowderWorld™ Corn Chowder
284 calories, 14g fat, 39g carbs, 7.2g protein per serving. Calculated using nutritionvalue.org. Serves 6-8.
##
Ingredients
* 6 ears of corn, husked and silk removed.
* 1½ quarts of vegetable stock.
* 4 tablespoons of butter
* 1 medium sized onion, diced.
* 2 cloves of garlic, minced.
* 3 tablespoons of flour.
* 2 russet potatoes, peeled and cut into ½ inch cubes.
* 2 cups half-and-half.
* 3 green onions, sliced for garnish.
* 1 bay leaf.
* 1 teaspoon whole fennel seeds.
* 1 teaspoon coriander seeds.
* 1 teaspoon whole black peppercorns.
* Sugar, salt, paprika, fresh ground black pepper and white pepper to taste.
#
Cooking
Once your corn is husked and completely de-silked, you must remove the kernels from the cob.
Stand the corn upright in a large bowl and cut downwards to remove the kernels. Do not throw away the cobs!
I forgot to take a picture of this bit, so look up a picture if you are confused.
Using the back of your knife, scrape the cobs into a large saucepan or pot. Extracting the milk from the cob will
bring this soup to the next level. Then, break your cobs in half and add to the pot. To this, add your stock, bay leaf,
fennel seed, coriander seed, and peppercorns. Make sure everything is stirred together, then bring to a boil over high heat.
Once a boil has been reached, reduce to a low simmer and let everything steep for 10 minutes. By doing this,
we are infusing our stock with extra corn flavor and various other spices, making our soup flavourful to its core.
Once steeped, strain with a fine mesh strainer and throw away the spices and cobs.
This next step can be done while your stock is steeping, but if you want to take things slowly you can.
Melt butter in a separate pan over medium-high heat. Add the corn kernels, onions, and garlic, stirring often,
and cook until the onions are soft and kernels are tender, or about 7 minutes. Once everything is tender,
add flour and stir non-stop for a minute. This is where our roux is created, which in case you are unfamiliar,
is just a flour and butter mixture used to thicken soups.
While stirring constantly, slowly add the infused stock, and let it come to a simmer. Add potatoes and a teaspoon of salt,
and let this simmer until the potatoes are fork-tender, or about 10 minutes. Add the half-and-half and stir.
If you do not own a hand blender, transfer half of the soup to a regular blender and blend until smooth,
then return it to the pot. However, I personally prefer the consistency a hand blender allows, so if you have one use it.
For the hand blender, just blend until you reach a consistency you like, although I suggest you don't blend too smooth.
Season to taste with salt pepper, sugar, and white pepper.
Garnish with green onions and paprika and serve hot, or store for later. Like most soups,
this tastes twice as good once it has time to sit in the fridge for a while. Also, you can eat it cold!
If you find the consistency to be too thick when eating cold, add water a little at a time until you get the consistency you want.
Now sit back and enjoy your delicious ChowderWorld™ Chowder, you earned it!
Copyright © 2023 ChowderWorld™ :y
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<SMALL><IMG width=109 height=144 align=left vspace=0 hspace=10 src="images/chaucer1.jpg" alt="Picture of Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer, an English poet, was born in 1342. Historians are uncertain about his exact date of birth. Geoffrey's well-to-do parents, John Chaucer and Agnes Copton, possessed several buildings in the vintage quarter in London. Not much is known about Geoffrey's school career. He must have had some education in Latin and Greek.<BR>
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From all these activities, he gained the knowledge of society that made it possible to write <I>The Canterbury Tales</I>, his most famous work. Chaucer died in October 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey in London. He was the first of those that are gathered in what we now know as the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey.</SMALL><BR>
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<A HREF="chauchro.htm" target="_top"><B>Chronology of Geoffrey Chaucer's life and times</B></A><P>
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Geoffrey Chaucer wrote <I>The Canterbury Tales</I>, a collection of stories in a frame story, between 1387 and 1400. It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England). The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury.<BR>
If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer intended that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed tales were not finally revised. Scholars are uncertain about the order of the tales. As the printing press had yet to be invented when Chaucer wrote his works, <I>The Canterbury Tales</I> has been passed down in several handwritten manuscripts.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<A HREF="cantales.htm" target="_top"><BIG><B>The Canterbury Tales</B></BIG><BR>
<SMALL>Main Table of Contents</A><BR>
Selectable tales in middle english with an extensive hypertext glossary.</SMALL><BR><P>
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<BIG><B>Modern english side-by-side translation of all tales:</B></BIG>
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<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment I (Group A)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/gptrfs.htm" target="_top">General Prologue</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/knighttrfs.htm" target="_top">The Knight's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/mttrfs.htm" target="_top">The Miller's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/rvtltrfs.htm" target="_top">The Reeve's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/cooktrfs.htm" target="_top">The Cook's Tale</A>
</SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment II (Group B<SUP>1</SUP>)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/manlawtrfs.htm" target="_top">The Man of Law's Tale</A></SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment III (Group D)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/wftltrfs.htm" target="_top">The Wife of Bath's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/friartrfs.htm" target="_top">The Friar's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/summtrfs.htm" target="_top">The Summoner's Tale</A>
</SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment IV (Group E)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/clrktrfs.htm" target="_top">The Clerk's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/merchtrfs.htm" target="_top">The Merchant's Tale</A>
</SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment V (Group F)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/squitrfs.htm" target="_top">The Squire's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/frantrfs.htm" target="_top">The Franklin's Tale</A>
</SMALL></TD></TR>
<TR><TD valign=top><BR></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment VI (Group C)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/phystrfs.htm" target="_top">The Physician's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/pardtrfs.htm" target="_top">The Pardoner's Tale</A>
</SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment VII (Group B<SUP>2</SUP>)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/shiptrfs.htm" target="_top">The Shipman's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/priotrfs.htm" target="_top">The Prioress's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/thopastrfs.htm" target="_top">The Tale of Sir Thopas</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/melibeefs.htm" target="_top">The Tale of Melibee</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/monktrfs.htm" target="_top">The Monk's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/nprtrfs.htm" target="_top">The Nun's Priest's Tale</A></SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment VIII (Group G)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/secnuntrfs.htm" target="_top">The Second Nun's Tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/yeotrfs.htm" target="_top">The Canon's Yeoman's Tale</A></SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment IX (Group H)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/manctrfs.htm" target="_top">The Manciple's Tale</A></SMALL></TD>
<TD width=20% valign=top><SMALL><B>Fragment X (Group I)</B><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/parstrfs.htm" target="_top">The Parson's tale</A><BR>
<A HREF="canttran/retracttrfs.htm" target="_top">Chaucer's Retraction</A></SMALL></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>
<HR width=100%>
<P>
<IMG width=14 height=14 src="images/movball.gif"> <B><BIG>About <FONT COLOR="red"><I>Troilus and Criseyde</I></FONT>:</BIG></B><BR>
<B>Origin:</B> The story of Troilus and Criseyde was first told, in interwoven episodes, in a long French poem of the mid-twelfth century, the <I>Roman de Troie</I> by Benoît de Sainte-Maure. The historical event underlying this poem was the Trojan war recorded by Homer in his <I>Iliad</I>. Benoît's main sources were classical prose accounts in Latin. Giovanni Boccaccio freely depends on and alters Benoît's material to compose his own poem <I>Il Filostrato</I> in the late 1330s.<BR>
<I>Il Filostrato</I> is the source of Geoffrey Chaucer's <I>Troilus and Criseyde</I>. Chaucer freely changes and alters his sources so much that his poem is essentially new. <I>Troilus and Criseyde</I> was written between 1381 and 1386.<BR>
<B>Story:</B> The story is about the Trojan prince Troilus, son of Priamus who is king of Troy, who falls in love with a lady called Criseyde. With the help of his friend Pandarus, who is Criseyde's uncle, Troilus wins Criseyde's love. A time of love and prosperity follows, which ends when the Greeks capture the Trojan warrior Antenor. Criseyde and Antenor are exchanged hence Troilus and Criseyde are separated. In the Greek camp Criseyde is courted by the Greek warrior and king Diomedes, who advises her to forget the city of Troy and her lover Troilus. After some hesitation, Criseyde falls for Diomedes and betrays Troilus. Troilus becomes acquainted with and subsequently suffers from the loss of his earthly love. After his death, Troilus learns about eternity and eternal love.<P>
<CENTER>
<A HREF="troicris.htm" target="_top"><BIG><B>Troilus and Criseyde</B></BIG></A><BR>
<SMALL><A HREF="troicris.htm" target="_top">Table of Contents</A><BR>
Middle-english hypertext with glossary.</SMALL><P>
</CENTER>
<HR width=100%>
<P>
<IMG width=14 height=14 src="images/movball.gif"> <B><BIG>About <FONT COLOR="red"><I>The Book of the Duchess</I></FONT>:</BIG></B><BR>
<I>The Book of the Duchess</I> is the first of Chaucer's major poems. Scolars are uncertain about the date of composition. Most scolars ascribe the date of composition between 1369 and 1372. Chaucer probably wrote the poem to commemorate the death of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's wife. Notes from antiquary John Stowe indicate that the poem was written at John of Gaunt's request.<BR>
The poem begins with a sleepless poet who lies in bed reading a book. The poet reads a story about Ceyx and Alcyone and wanders around in his thoughts. Suddenly the poet falls asleep and dreams a wonderful story. He dreams that he wakes up in a beautiful chamber by the sound of hunters and hunting dogs. The poet follows a small hunting dog into the forest and finds a knight dressed in black who mourns about losing a game of chess. The poet asks the knight some questions and realizes at the end of the poem that the knight was talking symbolically instead of literally: the black knight has lost his love and lady. The poet awakes and decides that this wonderful dream should be preserved in rhyme.<P>
<CENTER>
<A HREF="duchessfs.htm" target="_top"><BIG><B>The Book of the Duchess</B></BIG></A><BR>
<SMALL>Middle-english hypertext with glossary.</SMALL><BR><P>
</CENTER>
<HR width=100%>
<P>
<IMG width=14 height=14 src="images/movball.gif"> <B><BIG>About <FONT COLOR="red"><I>The Parliament of Fowls</I></FONT>:</BIG></B><BR>
<I>The Parliament of Fowls</I> is also known as The "Parlement of Foules", "Parliament of Foules," "Parlement of Briddes," "Assembly of Fowls" or "Assemble of Foules". The poem has 699 lines and has the form of a dream vision of the narrator. The poem is one of the first references to the idea that St. Valentine's Day was a special day for lovers. As the printing press had yet to be invented when Chaucer wrote his works, The Parliament of Fowls has been passed down in fourteen manuscripts (not including manuscripts that are considered to be lost). Scholars generally agree that the poem has been composed in 1381-1382.<BR>
The plot is about the narrator who dreams that he passes through a beautiful landscape, through the dark temple of Venus to the bright sunlight. Dame Nature sees over a large flock of birds who are gathered to choose their mates. The birds have a parliamentary debate while three male eagles try to seduce a female bird. The debate is full of speeches and insults. At the end, none of the three eagles wins the female eagle. The dream ends welcoming the coming spring.<P>
<CENTER>
<A HREF="parliamentfs.htm" target="_top"><BIG><B>The Parliament of Fowls</B></BIG></A><BR>
<SMALL>Middle-english hypertext with glossary.</SMALL><BR><P>
</CENTER>
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<P>
<IMG width=14 height=14 src="images/movball.gif"> <B><BIG>About <FONT COLOR="red"><I>Work in progress</I></FONT>:</BIG></B><BR>
Librarius is currently working on publication of some other works of Chaucer.<P>
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Geoffrey Chaucer (1342-1400) - "The Canterbury Tales" (in middle english and modern english)
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| | **Librarius presents:**
T H E C A N T E R B U R Y T A L E S
**and other works**
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| | **by
Geoffrey Chaucer**
(1342 - 1400) | |
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---
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| **About Geoffrey Chaucer:**
Picture of Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer, an English poet, was born in 1342. Historians are uncertain about his exact date of birth. Geoffrey's well-to-do parents, John Chaucer and Agnes Copton, possessed several buildings in the vintage quarter in London. Not much is known about Geoffrey's school career. He must have had some education in Latin and Greek.
Out of school he went on as a page in the household of the Countess of Ulster. Chaucer rose in royal employment and became a knight of the shire for Kent. As a member of the king's household, Chaucer was sent on diplomatic errands throughout Europe.
From all these activities, he gained the knowledge of society that made it possible to write *The Canterbury Tales*, his most famous work. Chaucer died in October 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey in London. He was the first of those that are gathered in what we now know as the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey.
[**Chronology of Geoffrey Chaucer's life and times**](chauchro.htm)
**About Librarius:**
* **About Librarius' mission:**
Librarius maintains a one-stop shop that offers information about Geoffrey Chaucer and his most famous literary work *The Canterbury Tales* and some of his other works. Librarius' website hosts the full middle-english hypertext of *The Canterbury Tales* and a modern-english side-by-side translation of all tales.
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| **About *The Canterbury Tales*:**
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote *The Canterbury Tales*, a collection of stories in a frame story, between 1387 and 1400. It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England). The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury.
If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer intended that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed tales were not finally revised. Scholars are uncertain about the order of the tales. As the printing press had yet to be invented when Chaucer wrote his works, *The Canterbury Tales* has been passed down in several handwritten manuscripts.
[**The Canterbury Tales**
Main Table of Contents](cantales.htm)
Selectable tales in middle english with an extensive hypertext glossary.
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**Modern english side-by-side translation of all tales:**
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Fragment I (Group A)**
[General Prologue](canttran/gptrfs.htm)
[The Knight's Tale](canttran/knighttrfs.htm)
[The Miller's Tale](canttran/mttrfs.htm)
[The Reeve's Tale](canttran/rvtltrfs.htm)
[The Cook's Tale](canttran/cooktrfs.htm)
| **Fragment II (Group B1)**
[The Man of Law's Tale](canttran/manlawtrfs.htm) | **Fragment III (Group D)**
[The Wife of Bath's Tale](canttran/wftltrfs.htm)
[The Friar's Tale](canttran/friartrfs.htm)
[The Summoner's Tale](canttran/summtrfs.htm)
| **Fragment IV (Group E)**
[The Clerk's Tale](canttran/clrktrfs.htm)
[The Merchant's Tale](canttran/merchtrfs.htm)
| **Fragment V (Group F)**
[The Squire's Tale](canttran/squitrfs.htm)
[The Franklin's Tale](canttran/frantrfs.htm)
|
| |
| **Fragment VI (Group C)**
[The Physician's Tale](canttran/phystrfs.htm)
[The Pardoner's Tale](canttran/pardtrfs.htm)
| **Fragment VII (Group B2)**
[The Shipman's Tale](canttran/shiptrfs.htm)
[The Prioress's Tale](canttran/priotrfs.htm)
[The Tale of Sir Thopas](canttran/thopastrfs.htm)
[The Tale of Melibee](canttran/melibeefs.htm)
[The Monk's Tale](canttran/monktrfs.htm)
[The Nun's Priest's Tale](canttran/nprtrfs.htm) | **Fragment VIII (Group G)**
[The Second Nun's Tale](canttran/secnuntrfs.htm)
[The Canon's Yeoman's Tale](canttran/yeotrfs.htm) | **Fragment IX (Group H)**
[The Manciple's Tale](canttran/manctrfs.htm) | **Fragment X (Group I)**
[The Parson's tale](canttran/parstrfs.htm)
[Chaucer's Retraction](canttran/retracttrfs.htm) |
---
**About *Troilus and Criseyde*:**
**Origin:** The story of Troilus and Criseyde was first told, in interwoven episodes, in a long French poem of the mid-twelfth century, the *Roman de Troie* by Benoît de Sainte-Maure. The historical event underlying this poem was the Trojan war recorded by Homer in his *Iliad*. Benoît's main sources were classical prose accounts in Latin. Giovanni Boccaccio freely depends on and alters Benoît's material to compose his own poem *Il Filostrato* in the late 1330s.
*Il Filostrato* is the source of Geoffrey Chaucer's *Troilus and Criseyde*. Chaucer freely changes and alters his sources so much that his poem is essentially new. *Troilus and Criseyde* was written between 1381 and 1386.
**Story:** The story is about the Trojan prince Troilus, son of Priamus who is king of Troy, who falls in love with a lady called Criseyde. With the help of his friend Pandarus, who is Criseyde's uncle, Troilus wins Criseyde's love. A time of love and prosperity follows, which ends when the Greeks capture the Trojan warrior Antenor. Criseyde and Antenor are exchanged hence Troilus and Criseyde are separated. In the Greek camp Criseyde is courted by the Greek warrior and king Diomedes, who advises her to forget the city of Troy and her lover Troilus. After some hesitation, Criseyde falls for Diomedes and betrays Troilus. Troilus becomes acquainted with and subsequently suffers from the loss of his earthly love. After his death, Troilus learns about eternity and eternal love.
[**Troilus and Criseyde**](troicris.htm)
[Table of Contents](troicris.htm)
Middle-english hypertext with glossary.
---
**About *The Book of the Duchess*:**
*The Book of the Duchess* is the first of Chaucer's major poems. Scolars are uncertain about the date of composition. Most scolars ascribe the date of composition between 1369 and 1372. Chaucer probably wrote the poem to commemorate the death of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's wife. Notes from antiquary John Stowe indicate that the poem was written at John of Gaunt's request.
The poem begins with a sleepless poet who lies in bed reading a book. The poet reads a story about Ceyx and Alcyone and wanders around in his thoughts. Suddenly the poet falls asleep and dreams a wonderful story. He dreams that he wakes up in a beautiful chamber by the sound of hunters and hunting dogs. The poet follows a small hunting dog into the forest and finds a knight dressed in black who mourns about losing a game of chess. The poet asks the knight some questions and realizes at the end of the poem that the knight was talking symbolically instead of literally: the black knight has lost his love and lady. The poet awakes and decides that this wonderful dream should be preserved in rhyme.
[**The Book of the Duchess**](duchessfs.htm)
Middle-english hypertext with glossary.
---
**About *The Parliament of Fowls*:**
*The Parliament of Fowls* is also known as The "Parlement of Foules", "Parliament of Foules," "Parlement of Briddes," "Assembly of Fowls" or "Assemble of Foules". The poem has 699 lines and has the form of a dream vision of the narrator. The poem is one of the first references to the idea that St. Valentine's Day was a special day for lovers. As the printing press had yet to be invented when Chaucer wrote his works, The Parliament of Fowls has been passed down in fourteen manuscripts (not including manuscripts that are considered to be lost). Scholars generally agree that the poem has been composed in 1381-1382.
The plot is about the narrator who dreams that he passes through a beautiful landscape, through the dark temple of Venus to the bright sunlight. Dame Nature sees over a large flock of birds who are gathered to choose their mates. The birds have a parliamentary debate while three male eagles try to seduce a female bird. The debate is full of speeches and insults. At the end, none of the three eagles wins the female eagle. The dream ends welcoming the coming spring.
[**The Parliament of Fowls**](parliamentfs.htm)
Middle-english hypertext with glossary.
---
**About *Work in progress*:**
Librarius is currently working on publication of some other works of Chaucer.
---
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<img class="style297" height="412" src="images/LOGO1.jpg" width="817" /></a><br />
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<caption>
<div class="style65">
<strong><span class="style274">Now Available in Print</span></strong><br class="style96" />
<strong><span class="style269"><span class="style56">
<a href="original/earthmother.html">Odin's Wife: Mother Earth in Germanic
Mythology</a></span></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style56"><span class="style274">The Definitive Study of Odin's Wife,
Frigg
</span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style15" />
<br />
</span><span class="style269">RESOURCES FOR RESEARCHERS<!--LBS--><!--LBE--></form></span><span class="style96"> </span></strong></div></caption>
<tr>
<td class="style261" style="height: 39px; width: 50%"><strong>
THE EDDAS</strong><br />
<strong>
<a href="#THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS">
The Poetic
Edda</a><span class="style142"> &
<a href="#ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_PROSE_EDDA">The
Prose Edda</a></span></strong><span class="style84"><br />
</span>
<a href="#THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS"><strong>
<span class="style84">Eddic
Manuscripts</span></strong></a><span class="style84"> / <strong>
<a href="#The_Eddas">Manuscripts of Snorra Edda</a></strong><br />
</span>
<strong><span class="style84">
<a href="#ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_POETIC_EDDA">Translations
into English</a> / </span> <a href="#Individual_Eddic_Poems_">
<span class="style84">Individual
Eddic Poems</span></a></strong></td>
<td class="style261" style="height: 39px; width: 50%;"><strong>
THE SAGAS</strong><br />
<strong>
<a href="#Icelandic_Sagas_and_Thattur" title="The prose tales of medieval Iceland gathered together">
Icelandic Sagas
and Thættir</a></strong><br />
<a href="#Fornaldarsögur_Norðurlanda_"><strong>
Fornaldarsögur</strong></a> <strong>
&
<a href="#Riddarasogur">Riddarasögur</a></strong><strong><a href="#Riddarasogur">
</a>
</strong>
<br />
<strong>
<span class="style275"><a href="#Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></span></strong></td>
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<tr>
<td class="style262" style="height: 36px; width: 50%"><strong>
<a href="works/popularretellings.html"><span class="style142">Retellings & Illustration
Galleries</span></a></strong><br />
<strong>
<a href="#Skaldic_Poetry">Skaldic Poetry</a>,
<a href="#Folklore_and_Ballads" title="Poetic Sources Related to the Eddas">
Folklore and Ballads</a></strong><br />
<span class="style84"><strong><a href="#OLD_ENGLISH _">Old
English</a>, <a href="#GERMAN">German</a>,
<a href="#SCANDINAVIAN">Scandinavian</a></strong></span></td>
<td class="style262" style="height: 36px; width: 50%;"><strong>
<a href="#Chronicles_and_Histories" title="Eyewitness accounts of contemporary Germanic culture">
<span class="style142">Chronicles and
Histories</span></a></strong><br />
<strong>
<a href="#The_Danish_History_of__Saxo_Grammaticus">Saxo
Grammaticus</a>, <a href="#KINGS_CHRONICLES">King's Chronicles</a></strong><br />
<strong><a href="BIBLE/HOLYBIBLEMAIN.html">The Holy Bible</a></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px; width: 50%"><strong>
<a href="#Resources" title="Invaluable Resources for Researchers">
<span class="style142">Reference</span></a><span class="style142"><a href="#Resources">
Works</a></span></strong><br class="style142" />
<strong><span class="style84">Dictionaries of Old Norse &
Germanic Languages </span> </strong></td>
<td class="style262" style="height: 43px"><strong>
<a href="#Evidence_of_Early_Astronomy"><span class="style142">Evidence of Early Astronomy</span></a> <br />
</strong>
<a href="#ARCHAEOLOGY"><strong>Archaeological
Sites</strong></a><strong> &
</strong> <a href="#RUNES"><strong>Rune
Studies</strong></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px; width: 50%"><strong>
<a href="#Scholarship_&_Resources">Scholarship</a></strong><br />
<strong><span class="style84">A Historical Survey of Old Norse
Scholarship</span></strong></td>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px"><strong>
<a href="#VIKTOR_RYDBERG" title="The Epic Mythology as told by Swedish poet and scholar, Viktor Rydberg">Viktor Rydberg</a></strong><br />
<strong><span class="style96">The Life and Works of the Swedish
Polymath</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px; width: 50%"><strong>
<a href="#INDO-EUROPEAN_STUDIES" title="Comparative Linguistics and mythology">
Indo-European Studies</a></strong><br />
<strong><span class="style96">Language, Culture and Religion</span></strong></td>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px"><strong>
<a href="#Original_Writings" title="Original theories, essays and works are hosted here ">Original Works</a>
<span class="style274"><br />
by <a href="#William_P._Reaves">William P. Reaves</a>,
<a href="http://www.eddan.net/" target="_blank">Mats Wendt</a>,
<br />
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921130228/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/" target="_blank">
Eysteinn Björnsson</a>, <a href="#The_Heathen_Hoard">The Heathen
Host</a> </span></strong><br />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style261" style="height: 43px; width: 50%">
<strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style260"><span class="style142">
<a href="original/cosmology1.html">The Nine Worlds of Norse
Mythology</a></span><br />
Exploring Old Norse Cosmology</span></span></strong></td>
<td class="style261"><strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/FamilyTree.html">
Genealogy of the Germanic Gods </a></strong>
<span class="style84"><br />
<strong>by Geoffrey E. Gilbert </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style104" colspan="2">
<strong>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style238">
Click on the
categories above, or simply scroll down</span></span></strong><span class="style97">
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<p> </p>
<p class="style97">
<strong>
<a href="original/cosmology1.html">
<img alt="" class="style82" height="314" src="images/Yggdrasil.jpg" width="250" /></a></strong> </p>
<span class="style301"><strong>COSMOLOGY</strong></span><br />
<br />
<strong>
<span class="style153"><span class="style142">
<a href="original/Idavollr.html">In Search of the Iðavöllr</a></span></span><span class="style149"><span class="style97"><br />
</span> </span><span class="style56">Turning Heaven Upside Down </span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong>
<span class="style142">
<a href="original/cosmology1.html">Old Norse
Cosmology</a></span></strong><br />
<strong>The Nine Worlds Explored</strong><br />
<br />
<strong>
<span class="style142"><a href="original/WhereOnEarthisAsgard.html">
Where on Earth is Asgard?</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style56">What Snorri's Edda Really Says About Asgard</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/WorldTree.html">
<span class="style142">The Yggdrasil Chronicle</span></a></strong><br />
<strong>Historic Images of The World-Tree<br />
<span class="style142"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/FamilyTree.html">
<span class="style142">Genealogy of the Germanic Gods </span></a>
<span class="style84"><br />
by Geoffrey E. Gilbert </span>
</strong>
<p class="style128"><strong><a name="The_Eddas">THE EDDAS</a></strong></p>
<strong>
<span class="style97">THE PROSE or YOUNGER EDDA</span><p class="style142">OLD ICELANDIC TEXTS</p>
<span class="style96">1665 </span>
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=72k_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=YTe1TOaUNcP48Aa39pCIBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Edda, Islandorum
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=72k_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=YTe1TOaUNcP48Aa39pCIBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
an. Chr. 1215 islandice
conscripta </a>
</span>
<p>
<span class="style96">1818 Rasmus Rask</span><em><span class="style96">,
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BGcJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=rask+%22til+lesendanna%22+Edda&cd=5#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Snorra Edda</span></a></em></p>
<em><span class="style96">Edda Snorra Sturlusonar</span><br class="style96" />
</em>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PP13&dq=%22EDDA+Snorra+Sturlusonar%22&id=Ph5bAAAAQAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1848 Volume 1</span></a><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZBUGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22EDDA+Snorra+Sturlusonar%22&hl=en&ei=OoV4TK_HHsT38AaN0cT0Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
1852 Volume 2</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WHAJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA390&dq=H%C3%A1konar+H%C3%A1konarsonar&hl=en&ei=bh7UTN_eDous8Aad-Y21DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=H%C3%A1konar%20H%C3%A1konarsonar&f=false" target="_blank">
1880 Volume 3</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1880-1887
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WHAJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+snorronis+sturl%C3%A6i#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume 3</a><br />
<br />
1900 Finnur Jónsson </span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JQnlUX-8GpgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=NjW1TJagCYP-8Aa-rJDoCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK" target="_blank">
Snorri Sturluson Edda</a></span><br />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1998 Anthony Faulkes, editor<br />
</span><span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;"><span class="style96" style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-1.pdf" target="_blank">Prologue
and Gylfaginning</a></span></span><br />
<span class="style96">Skáldskaparmál: <br />
1: </span><span class="style144" style="text-underline: single;">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-2a.pdf" target="_blank">
Introduction, Text and Notes</a></span><span class="style96"> <br />
2: </span><span class="style144" style="text-underline: single;">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-2b.pdf" target="_blank">Glossary and Index of Names</a></span><br />
<p>
<a href="http://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/gg/index.html"><em>
<span class="style142">S</span></em></a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403040340/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/gg/index.html" target="_blank"><em><span class="style142">norra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning</span></em></a><br class="style142" />
A comparative version containing all manuscripts<span class="style96"> </span></p>
<p>
</p>
<span class="style299">Snorri's Edda:The Prologue and Gylfaginning:</span>
<br />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/Gylfaginning/gg/index.html">
<span class="style269">The 4 Primary Manuscripts</span></a> <br />
(side-by-side)<span class="style96"><br />
<br />
2007 Anthony Faulkes, editor</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;">
<span class="style96" style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-3.pdf" target="_blank">Háttatal</a></span></span><span class="style96">
2nd Edition <br />
<br />
<span class="style56">
<a href="http://skaldic.arts.usyd.edu.au/db.php?if=default&table=poems&id=45" target="_blank">
Ãulur</a>: Lists of Names</span><br />
<br />
1954
Guðni Jónsson<br />
<a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar" target="_blank">
Snorra Eddu</a><br />
<br />
<br />
</span>
<a name="ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_PROSE_EDDA">
<span class="style97">ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS</span><br class="style97" />
<span class="style97">of the PROSE EDDA</span></a><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1770 Paul Henri Mallet<br />
<span class="style15">Northern Antiquities Vol. II.</span></span><span class="style84"><br />
contains a translation of the Prose Edda<br />
by Bishop Thomas Percy<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<a href="ProseEdda/Mallet1770Intro.html">Introduction</a></span><br />
<span class="style84"><a href="ProseEdda/Mallet1770Edda.html">THE EDDA
</a><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style96">1842 George Webbe Dasent</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="ProseEdda/DasantPROSEEDDA.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Prose or Younger Edda </span> </a>
<br class="style84" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1879 Rasmus Anderson</span><br class="style97" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hz1cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=anderson+edda&hl=en&ei=knXTTJL5JIL48Abs9unIDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style142">The Younger Edda </span></a><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">containing the extended <em><br />
</em>
I. <a href="ProseEdda/AndersonPrologue.html">Prologue</a> <em>from Codex Wormianus</em></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">II. <a href="ProseEdda/AndersonGylfaginning.html">Gylfaginninng</a><br />
III. Selections from </span>
<a href="ProseEdda/ANDERSONSkaldskaparmal.html"><span class="style96">
Skáldskaparmál </span></a><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1906 I.A. Blackwell </span> <em>
<br class="style96" />
</em>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=%22THE+YOUNGER+EDDAS+OF+STURLESON.+%22&hl=en&ei=cwdnTOuxMMLflgeliv2fBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20YOUNGER%20EDDAS%20OF%20STURLESON.%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson
</span>
</a> <em>
<br class="style84" />
<br class="style84" />
</em><span class="style96">1916
Arthur Gilchrist
Brodeur</span><em>
<br class="style97" />
</em>
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ls2F5i6_LeYC&pg=PR3&dq=%22ARTHUR+GILCHRIST+BRODEUR,+Ph.d.+%22+edda&hl=en&ei=qCS1TJ6ZAcH98AbjgrjICg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22ARTHUR%20GILCHRIST%20BRODEUR%2C%20Ph.d.%20%22%20edda&f=false" target="_blank">
The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson </a></span><br class="style97" />
<span class="style98">[Facing Text Translation]</span><span class="style96"><span class="style98"> </span>
</span><br class="style98" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style98">I.
<a href="ProseEdda/BRODEURPrologeandGylfaginning.html" target="_blank">
Prologue and Gylfaginning</a> <br />
</span> </span>
<span class="style98">II.
<a href="ProseEdda/BRODEURSkaldskaparmal.html" target="_blank">Skáldskaparmál</a></span><span class="style84"><span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style96">1988 Anthony Faulkes<span class="style84"><br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/EDDArestr.pdf" target="_blank">Snorri Sturluson<br />
Edda</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style84">
<br />
</span>
2011 Anthony Faulkes<br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Uppsala%20Edda.pdf" target="_blank">
Snorra Edda: The Uppsala Manuscript</a><br />
Old Norse Text with Facing English Translation</span><span class="style84"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
2007 Anthony Faulkes, editor. 2nd edtion <br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-3.pdf">Háttatal</a>
</span>
</span>
<br class="style84" />
<span class="style15"> </span>
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
<span class="style97"><br />
<br />
<a name="THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS">THE POETIC or ELDER EDDA<br />
</a><br />
<a name="THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS" class="style56">MANUSCRIPTS</a></span><br class="style97" />
<br />
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html">Codex Regius no. 2365
</a>
</span>
<span class="style96">
(Facsimile Edition)</span><br />
<span class="style96">
The Primary Manuscript of the Eddic Poems</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1viLHxRSIfQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=6pdeTY_bHoqitgeV3OCWDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Finnur Jónsson's text</a></span><br />
<br />
<a href="PoeticEdda2/CodexRegDisc.html"><span class="style96">How the
Codex Regius Manuscript<br />
came to be known as the Elder or Poetic Edda</span></a><br class="style96" />
<br />
<span class="style142">
<a href="works/AM_no_748.html">
AM I no. 748</a></span><span class="style97"> </span><span class="style96"> (Facsimile
Edition)</span><br />
<span class="style96">Seven Eddic poems including <em>Baldurs draumar</em> </span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=L-MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=XJVeTbDSJoy_gQe5s_GfDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Finnur Jónsson's text</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qvw_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hauksb%C3%B3k&hl=en&ei=rSRfTZLvDcmitgf94YSdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Hauksbók</a>
AM 544 4to <br class="style96" />
<font size="3">Contains a transcription of </font> <em><font size="3">Völuspá
p. 188ff.</font><br />
</em><br />
<a href="https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/imaging/en/AM04-0544#page/19v++(38+of+214)/mode/2up" target="_blank">
Facsmile of the <em>Hauksbök </em>Manuscript</a><em><br />
</em>
<span class="style274">(<em>Völuspá </em>begins at 20 recto)</span><em><br />
<a href="https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/view/AM04-0544" target="_blank">
Mainpage</a> at Handrit.is<br />
<br />
</em>
</span>
<span class="style142">
<a href="https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/view/is/GKS02-1005" target="_blank">
Flateyjarbók</a> GKS 1005 fol.</span><span class="style96"><br />
2v-3r
<a href="https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/imaging/is/GKS02-1005/2v-3r#page/3r++(2+of+2)/mode/1up" target="_blank">
Hyndluljod</a><br />
</span>
<h4 class="style97">OLD ICELANDIC TEXTS</h4>
<span class="style96">1787 </span> <em><span class="style96">Edda Saemundar hinns fróda</span></em>
<br />
Arnemagnean Edition<br class="style84" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xtMTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da&hl=en&ei=262RTLHIIIL7lwe3rpinCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style84">Volume 1</span></a><span class="style84"> 1787</span><br class="style84" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qCdbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da&hl=en&ei=262RTLHIIIL7lwe3rpinCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style84">Volume 2</span></a><span class="style84"> 1818</span><br class="style84" />
<span class="style84">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zLA_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da%22&hl=en&ei=-KFeTezEJoeDtgeg0KmYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume 3</a> 1828</span><br class="style84" />
<span class="style56">
<span class="style84"><br />
</span><span class="style96">1814 Frederich Heinrich von der Hagen</span><span class="style84"><br />
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=tGYAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR9&dq=eddalieder&hl=en&ei=YN_6TKz8GoP-8Aa7lLnDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Die Edda-Lieder und die Niebelungen</h1>
</a><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style96">1860 Theodor Möbius<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oGUAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP2&dq=theodor+mobius+edda&hl=en&ei=peDUTJP8MMT7lwfC4JX-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Edda Sæmundar hins fróða</a></span></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style84"><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">1867 Sophus Bugge<br />
NorrÅn Fornkvæði: </span><br />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://etext.old.no/Bugge/" target="_blank">
Sæmundar Edda hins fróða</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style101">
I.</span><i><span class="style109">
<a href="http://pw1.netcom.com/~kyamazak/myth/edda/bugge/bugge-svipdags-excurs-e.htm" target="_blank">
Excursus on Grógaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál</a></span><span class="style96">
<br />
</i>II<i>. <a href="PoeticEdda/HRGSOPHUSBUGGE.html" target="_blank">
Against the authenticity of Hrafnagaldur Ãðins</a></i></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1868 Svend Grundtvig</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JGgJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sven+Grundtvig%22&hl=en&ei=4tzUTITDIsL48Ab6vdz9Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Sæmundar Edda hÃns fróða: Den Ãldre Edda</span></a><br />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1876 Karl Hildebrand</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DeIIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=theodor+mobius+edda&hl=en&ei=peDUTJP8MMT7lwfC4JX-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">Die Lieder der Ãltern Edda</span></a><br />
<br />
<span class="style56">
<span class="style84"><span class="style96">1888 Finnur Jónsson, E. Mögk<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EAEYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=eddalieder&hl=en&ei=5N76TKiSMcP98AagqMSKCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Eddalieder Vol. I.</a></span><br />
<br />
<span class="style96">1901 Barend Sijmons and Hugo Gering</span><br class="style96" />
</span><span class="style15">
<span class="style269">Die Lieder der Edda</span><span class="style96"><span class="style84"><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DGYSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA225&dq=lieder+der+edda+symons&hl=en&ei=yNj7TPnhE8Sp8AabvM3ECw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume 1, Part 1</a>
</span> </span>
<span class="style84">Mythological Poems<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eWUSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=lieder+edda&hl=en&ei=iSXWTKTWEMOclgf8msj-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 1, Part 2</a> Heroic Poems<br />
</span><br />
</span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">1903 Wilhelm Ranisch</span><br class="style207" />
</span></span>
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vh_SbQVVLjYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Grammatik,+%C3%9Cbersetzung+and+Erl%C3%A4uterungen&hl=en&ei=06ECTcbWJcSAlAe7m_HMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Eddalieder: mit Grammatik, </a>
</span><br class="style207" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vh_SbQVVLjYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Grammatik,+%C3%9Cbersetzung+and+Erl%C3%A4uterungen&hl=en&ei=06ECTcbWJcSAlAe7m_HMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style207">Ãbersetzung und Erläuterungen</span></h1>
</a><br />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="addmd"></span><span class="style208">1903 F. Detter and R.
Heinzel</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style239">Sæmundar Edda</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=13gPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR7&dq=%22F%C3%BCr+die+vorliegende+Ausgabe+sind+die+folgenden+Abdr%C3%BCcke+von+Handschriften+und+Ausgaben+benutzt+worden%22&hl=en&ei=0h_7TOG3AoL6lweOz8mcDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22F%C3%BCr%20die%20vorliegende%20Ausgabe%20sind%20die%20folgenden%20Abdr%C3%BCcke%20von%20Handschriften%20und%20Ausgaben%20benutzt%20worden%22&f=false" target="_blank"><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Vols. 1-2</span></a><br class="style96" />
<p><span class="style96">1932 Finnur Jónsson</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/eddadigte.pdf" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Die Gamle Eddadigte</span></a></p>
<span class="style96">1956
Guðni Jónsson<br />
<a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Eddukvæði" target="_blank">
Eddukvæð</a><span class="style153"><a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Eddukvæði" target="_blank">i</a></span><a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Eddukv%25C3%25A6%25C3%25B0i" target="_blank" class="style153"> </a><span class="style153">
(Eddic Poems)<br />
<br />
</span>1983 Gustav Neckel</span><a href="http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/germ/anord/edda/eddat.htm" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">Die Lieder des Codex Regius</span></a><br />
<span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<span class="style142"><a href="works/eddiccollections.html">Historic
Editions and Translations of<br />
The Poetic Edda</a></span><br />
<span class="style96">in All Languages<br />
</span></strong><span class="style96"><strong><br />
<hr class="style15" style="width: 60%; height: 3px" />
<br />
</strong></span>
<strong><span class="style97"> <a name="ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_POETIC_EDDA">ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS<br />
of the POETIC EDDA</a></span><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style269">1643: </span>
<a href="PoeticEdda2/CodexRegDisc.html"><span class="style269">The
Discovery of </span><span class="style97"><br />
</span><span class="style142">The Poetic Edda</span></a><span class="style96"><br />
</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span></strong><span class="style101"><strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/elderedda/eddicpoems.html">The
Earliest English Translations of </a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/elderedda/eddicpoems.html">Individual Poems of the Poetic Edda </a>
<br />
<br />
1796</strong></span><span class="style23"><span class="style101"><strong>
</strong></span></span><strong><span class="style101">Amos. S. Cottle</span><span class="style23"><br class="style84" />
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pxoUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Icelandic+Poetry,+or+The+Edda+of+Saemund&source=bl&ots=fk-ycVAwEm&sig=Z4Q-tSIEHX78ZEFDhotphbcoMj4&hl=en&ei=6hFnTJbbM8WBlAfehOSeBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Icelandic Poetry</span></a><span class="style53"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pxoUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Icelandic+Poetry,+or+The+Edda+of+Saemund&source=bl&ots=fk-ycVAwEm&sig=Z4Q-tSIEHX78ZEFDhotphbcoMj4&hl=en&ei=6hFnTJbbM8WBlAfehOSeBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><span class="style96">, or
The Edda of Saemund</span></a></span><span class="style85"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pxoUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Icelandic+Poetry,+or+The+Edda+of+Saemund&source=bl&ots=fk-ycVAwEm&sig=Z4Q-tSIEHX78ZEFDhotphbcoMj4&hl=en&ei=6hFnTJbbM8WBlAfehOSeBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"> </a></span></strong><br />
<div class="style65">
<div class="style126">
<strong><span class="style96"><span class="style56"> </span></span></strong></div>
<strong>
<span class="style101"> </span><span class="style56"><span class="style96">1865-66 Benjamin Thorpe</span></span><br class="style85" />
<span class="style123">
The Edda of Saemund the Learned</span><span class="style88"><em><br />
</em>
<span class="style109">Part I:
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BGYAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=%22OF+Sjemund+The+Learned%22&hl=en&ei=yQhnTKjmDIOdlgfKmdWhBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22OF%20Sjemund%20The%20Learned%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Mythological Poems</span></a><em>
<span class="style98"><br />
includes Hrafnagaldr Ãðins </span>
<br class="style96" />
</em>
<span class="style85"><span class="style84">
<span class="style112">Part I:
<a href="works/ThorpeEdda/ThorpeMAIN.html">The Mythological Poems</a></span><span class="style100"><span class="style112">
(e-texts)</span><em><br />
</em>
</span> </span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style15"><span class="style101">
Part II:
</span>
</span>
<span class="style88">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WGUCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5&dq=%22FROM+the+old+norse+or+icelandic+with+an+index+op+peesons%22&hl=en&ei=JQVnTNT3E4P7lwf0_N2gBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22FROM%20the%20old%20norse%20or%20icelandic%20with%20an%20index%20op%20peesons%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Heroic Poems</span></a><em><br class="style96" />
</em>
</span>
<em><span class="style123">
***</span></em><span class="style145"> </span><span class="style84"><span class="style100">
<br />
</span> </span> <span class="style208">
Reissued abridged and rearranged by<br />
The NorrÅna Society in 1906 as</span><span class="style84"><span class="style208"><br />
</span> </span> </strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1&lpg=PR1&dq=%22OF+SAEMUND+SIGFUSSON.+Translated+from+the+Original+Old+Norse+%22&source=bl&ots=ergFbt75O7&sig=f6eJLL6gzCzux3fJrdNdMvGS03s&hl=en&ei=cAZnTNPWAsGAlAfHu4mfBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22OF%20SAEMUND%20SIGFUSSON.%20Translated%20from%20the%20Original%20Old%20Norse%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<strong><span class="style208">The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson</span></strong><span class="style208">
</span> </a><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<strong>by Benjamin Thorpe</strong></span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<strong><span class="style208">and the </span> <br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=%22THE+YOUNGER+EDDAS+OF+STURLESON.+%22&hl=en&ei=cwdnTOuxMMLflgeliv2fBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20YOUNGER%20EDDAS%20OF%20STURLESON.%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Younger Edda of Snorre Sturluson</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">by I.A. Blackwell</span><br />
</strong>
</div>
<div class="style65">
<strong>
<span class="style96">1883 Gudbrand Vigfusson </span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style101">Corpus Poeticum Boreale</span><br class="style84" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2PYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR13&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false" target="_blank"><span class="style84">Volume
1:</span></a><span class="style85"> Eddic Poetry</span></strong><br class="style85" />
<strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ymQJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=corpus+poeticum+court+poetry&hl=en&ei=IvOOTMX4LcH48Aaah-iCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style84">Volume 2:</span></a><span class="style85"> Court Poetry</span><br class="style84" />
<br />
<span class="style96"> 1908 Olive Bray </span>
<br class="style96" />
<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft#page/n5/mode/2up" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Elder or Poetic Edda</span></a><em>
<br class="style96" /><span class="style109">Commonly known as Saemund's Edda</span><br class="style96" />
</em>
<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">
The Elder or Poetic Edda</span><em><span class="style84">
</span></em>
</a><span class="style84">(multiple
formats)<br />
</span></strong></div>
<p class="style65"><strong><span class="style96">1923 Henry
Adams Bellows
</span>
<br class="style96" /><em>
<a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Poetic
Edda</span></a> </em></strong></p>
<span class="style269"><strong>Voluspa.org<br />
</strong></span><span class="style269"><strong>
<a href="https://www.voluspa.org/poeticedda.htm" target="_blank">The
Poetic Edda</a></strong></span><br />
<strong><span class="style96"><span class="style207"><br />
1919 Lee M. Hollander</span><br class="style207" />
"<span class="style207"><a href="works/Hollander%20Proposed%20Translation.html">Concerning
a Proposed </a><br />
<a href="works/Hollander%20Proposed%20Translation.html">Translation of the Edda</a>"</span></span><span class="style208"><br />
<br />
1962 Lee M. Hollander</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EDleOi81RXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=poetic+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CLf9UfiTBZK88wScg4CoDA&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=poetic%20edda&f=false" target="_blank">
The Poetic Edda</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> (Preview Only)<br />
</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
</span>
</span></strong>
<div class="style65">
<strong><span class="style208">1989 Patricia Terry
</span></strong><br class="style208" />
<strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=dwFk82wzkkwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=aqyRTMiyJ4K78gaMmfzZBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Poems of the Elder Edda </span> </a>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">Revised edition</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1996 Carolyne Larrington</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nBzuQZ4MCPIC&pg=PA107&dq=nidud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Mbb9UdTwK4fm8gSg74DoDQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=nidud&f=false" target="_blank">
The Poetic Edda</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> (Preview Only)</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Carolyne Larrington<br />
<a href="scholarship/LarringtonEdda.html">Old Norse Made New</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Translating the Poetic Edda into English<br />
</span>
</span><span class="style213">(A historic overview of Eddic translation)</span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84">
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">2011 Andy Orchard<br />
<span class="style15">The Elder Edda: A Book of Viking Lore<br />
</span></span>
<span class="style15"><a href="scholarship/OrchardEddaReview.html">
<span class="style84">A Review by <span class="style14">
<span class="style96">Haukur Ãorgeirsson</span></span></span></a></span><span class="style84"><br />
<br />
<span class="style15"><span class="style97">
<a href="works/eddiccollections.html">Translations
of the Poetic Edda</a></span></span><br class="style97" />
<span class="style96">in Languages other than English</span><br />
[French, German, Spanish, Danish and Swedish]<br />
<br />
</span></div>
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
</strong><h3 class="style128">
<strong><a name="Individual_Eddic_Poems_">Individual Eddic Poems</a></strong></h3>
<strong>
<span class="style15">
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style207">
<span class="style142">
<a href="PoeticEdda/Voluspa.html">Völuspá</a>:
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style207">
<span class="style101">
<br />
A Study Guide</span><span class="style97"><span class="style15"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style142">
<a href="PoeticEdda2/Havamal.html">Hávamál</a></span><span class="style97">:<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style101">A Study Guide</span><span class="style15"><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style15">
<br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style207">
<span class="style15">
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Grimnismal.html">
GrÃmnismál</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style142">:</span></span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style56">
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style56">
<span class="style96">
<br />
A Study Guide</span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style15"><br />
</span>
</span></span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style15">
<br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style207">
<span class="style15">
<span class="style142">
<a href="PoeticEdda/Thrymskvida.html">Ãrymskviða</a>:
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style101">
A Study Guide</span><span class="style96"><span class="style15"><br />
</span>
</span></span>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style96">
<br />
</span><span class="style142">
</span><span class="style207">
<span class="style142">
<a href="SVIPDAGSMAL/SVIPDAGSMALMAIN.html">Svipdagsmál</a>:</span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><span class="style207">
</span>
<span class="style208">
<span class="style56">
<br />
</span>
Gróugaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál<br />
</span><span class="style56">
<span class="style207">
A Study Guide</span></span></span></span><br class="style208" />
<br />
<span class="style207">
<span class="style142">
<a href="PoeticEdda/Hrafnagaldr%20Odins.html">Hrafnagaldur Ãðins</a>: </span><span class="style96"><br />
</span></span>
</span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">
<span class="style56">A Study Guide</span></span></span><span class="style222"><br />
</span><span class="style251">The "Lost" Eddic Poem</span><span class="style84"><span class="style213">
Reclaimed</span><br class="style213" />
<span class="style213">with Texts, Translations and Scholarship</span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
<a href="works/elderedda/hrafnagaldur_odins.html">
<img alt="" class="style116" height="100" src="images/ravens.gif" width="158" /></a><br />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style207">
<span class="style142">
<a href="works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html">Baldrs Draumar
</a>
</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<em><br />
<a href="works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html">or</a></em><a href="works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html">
Vegtamskviða</a></span></span></span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style56">
<span class="style142">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100347/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/hymir/index.html" target="_blank">Hymiskviða</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style142">:
</span><span class="style96"> <br />
A Critical Edition
</span>
</span>
</span><span class="style97"><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span><span class="style207">
<span class="style142">
<a href="works/songofthesun.html">Sólarljóð: </a>
</span><span class="style96"><br />
<a href="works/songofthesun.html">The Song of the Sun</a></span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style207"><span class="style142"><a href="PoeticEdda/gunnarsslagr.html">Gunnarsslagr: </a>
</span><span class="style96"><br />
<a href="PoeticEdda/gunnarsslagr.html">An Apocryphal Eddic
Poem </a>
</span></span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
<table style="width: 100%">
<tr>
<td><span class="style97">
<strong><span class="style56">
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0815316607" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
Commentaries
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
1986 David A. H. Evans <br />
</span></span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Havamal.pdf">
Hávamál</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><span class="style142"> </span> <br />
<br />
2008 Clive Tolley <br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Grottasongr.pdf">
Grottasöngr</a></span><span class="style96"><span class="style97"> <br />
</span>
</span>
</span></strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<span class="style96">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</span>
</span>
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
</span>
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style97">
<p class="style96">
<span class="style128">
<strong><a name="Skaldic_Poetry">Skaldic Poetry</a> </strong></span><strong><span class="style97"> </span></strong> </p>
<p class="style96">
<strong>ICELANDIC TEXTS</strong></p>
<strong>
<a href="https://skaldic.org/skaldic/m.php?p=skpeditors" target="_blank">The
Skaldic Project Database</a><span class="style84"><br />
<br />
</span></strong></span>
<strong>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">1801 Thorlacius</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10036681_00005.html" target="_blank">
Höstlangæ et Thorsdrapæ</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">[Haustlöng and Thorsdrapa]</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1870 Theodor Wisén</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pAcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=N__7TMaFPIH68AbG9ZXACw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false" target="_blank">
Ãrval af norrænum fornkvæðum</a></span><br class="style207" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pAcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=N__7TMaFPIH68AbG9ZXACw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style207"> handa hinum bókmennta-iðkendum</span></h1>
</a><br class="style208" />
</span> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">1893 Finnur Jónsson</span><br class="style207" />
</span><span class="style98">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=dAgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA169&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=BgD8TP_GN86s8AaAkaTeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false" target="_blank">
Carmina Norroena</h1>
</a>
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=dAgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA169&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=BgD8TP_GN86s8AaAkaTeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">
</span></a><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
</span><span class="style98">
<span class="style208">
</span> <br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
English Translations<br />
of Skaldic Poetry </span> </span></strong>
<span class="style97">
<p class="style96">
<strong><span class="style96">1763 Thomas Percy</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=fFMJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=percy+five+runic+poems&hl=en&ei=o9b6TLSkCsO78gau1L2hCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Five Pieces of Runic Poetry</a></strong></p>
</span>
<div class="style65">
<strong><span class="style96">
1867 GrÃmur Thomsen<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hvMaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58&dq=On+Toe+Character+Of+The+Old+Northern+Poetrv.&hl=en&ei=qHb4TKW_HIP58AawnMz7Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=On%20Toe%20Character%20Of%20The%20Old%20Northern%20Poetrv.&f=false" target="_blank">On the Character of the Old Northern Poetry</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large"> </h1>
</span></span>
<span class="style98">
North British Review, 46-47, p. 77 <br />
includes a full translation of Hákonarmál </span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style97">
<br />
<br />
</span>1782 James Johnstone<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TV9MAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22James+Johnstone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3VteVKjiGOXnsAS85YC4Aw&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCDge#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Lodbrokar-Quida or<br />
The Death-Song of Ragnar Lodbrog</a><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>1883 Gudbrand Vigfusson
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style272"><em>Corpus Poeticum Boreale</em></span><span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br />
</span> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2PYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR13&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false" target="_blank">Volume
1:</a><span class="style15"> Eddic Poetry</span><br class="style15" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ymQJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=corpus+poeticum+court+poetry&hl=en&ei=IvOOTMX4LcH48Aaah-iCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 2:</a><span class="style15"> Court Poetry</span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>1922 Nora Chadwick<span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RXe5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA203&dq=forn+manna+saga&hl=en&ei=RvCOTK2aLsG78gaCruyoDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=forn%20manna%20saga&f=false" target="_blank">
Anglo-Saxon and Norse Poems</a><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<font style="MARGIN-TOP: 28pt;">
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
<font>
1936 Lee Milton Hollander<span class="style97"><br />
</span> </font><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PUzazIlboAcC&pg=PA1&dq=anglo-saxon+norse+poetry&hl=en&ei=3ACPTIniGcSBlAeK4OngDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=anglo-saxon%20norse%20poetry&f=false" target="_blank">Old
Norse Poems:</a><span class="style97">
<br />
</span></font>
</span>
<font style="MARGIN-TOP: 28pt;">
The Most Important Non-Skaldic Verse</font><span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br />
</span></span></strong></div>
<strong>
<span class="style142">
<span class="style153">
Ãórsdrápa / </span><span class="style56">
<a class="style153" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151228024633/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/thorsd00.html" target="_blank">Thor's drapa</a></span></span><span class="style56"><span class="style97"><span class="style96"> <br />
</span></span>A Critical Edition<span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
Eysteinn Björnsson's<br />
</span></span><span class="style142">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517223129/https://notendur.hi.is//~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/kennings.html" target="_blank">
Lexicon of Kennings</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
Based on the work of Rudolf Meisner<br />
</span><hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
<br />
<a name="CREATIVE_MYTHOLOGY">CREATIVE MYTHOLOGY</a></span></span></strong><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
<span class="style244"><strong>
<a href="works/popularretellings.html">Popular Retellings of Norse Myths</a></strong></span><br />
<span class="style243">& <a href="works/popularretellings.html">Classic
Illustration Galleries</a></span></span><strong><span class="style97"> <br />
</span><span class="style269"><span class="style15">The Largest Gallery
of Norse</span><br class="style15" />
<span class="style15">Mythological-Themed Artwork Online</span></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
<a href="works/POGONYART.html">
<img height="214" src="images/heimdall.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></strong><br />
<strong>
<span class="style271"><a href="works/POGONYART.html">Heimdall and Hnossa</a></span><span class="style238"><em><br class="style225" />
</em><span class="style153"><em>by Willie Pogány</em></span></span><span class="style97"><br />
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p class="style97"><a name="Folklore_and_Ballads">FOLKLORE, POETRY AND
BALLADS</a></p>
<a name="OLD_ENGLISH _">OLD ENGLISH </a> <br />
<br />
Modern Translations<span class="style43"><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style96">1835 John Kemble<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8WsAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA250&dq=muspelli&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QhfMU5ivIImdyASjkoD4Dw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=muspelli&f=false" target="_blank">
The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf,<br />
The Travellers Song and the Battle of Finnesburg</a></span><br />
Text and Dictionary</strong><span class="style43"><strong><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</strong>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96"> <br />
1842 Benjamin Thorpe</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5GYAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=codex+exoniensis&hl=en&ei=C8rkTKDaEIKclge85KDhCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Codex Exoniensis</a> (The Exeter Book)</span><span class="style84"><br />
</span><span class="style98">A Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry</span><span class="style84"><br />
</span>
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<span class="style96">
1855 Benjamin Thorpe </span> </span>
<br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=l6IYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+beowulf&hl=en&ei=1KGRTIWQGsKB8garuIWRBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Anglo-Saxon Poems of </span></a></span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=l6IYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+beowulf&hl=en&ei=1KGRTIWQGsKB8garuIWRBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">
Beowulf</span></a><span class="style97"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">with Widsith and the Finnsburg Fragment</span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1860 George Stephens</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TPsFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22two+leaves+of%22+lay&hl=en&ei=1m9bTZzPLpK-tgeC0ZXNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Two Leaves of King Waldere's Lay</span></a><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1885 James M. Garnett</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Hg_hx7xUr-wC&pg=PR33&dq=Die+Deutsche+Heldensage+grimm&hl=en&ei=OrCiTLvwFcL7lwfiu4DhBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAzgK" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
</a>
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=K7z3_qvL-9wC&pg=PR14&dq=Beowulf:+an+Anglo-Saxon+poem+garnet&hl=en&ei=hoCBTdfZJcWbtwfb0LzMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Poem and<br />
The Fight at Finnsburg</a><br />
</span></span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">1907 </span><span class="style117">William Henry
Crawshaw</span><br class="style96" />
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WXwPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+making+of+English+literature+By+William+Henry+Crawshaw&hl=en&ei=6szkTOuwG4OglAefgZmkCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Making of English Literature</a></h1>
<span class="style117"> </span><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1911 Albert S. Cook<br />
<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/concordancetobeo00cookuoft#page/90/mode/2up" target="_blank">
A Concordance to Beowulf</a><br />
<br />
</span></span>
<span class="style96">
1914 A. J. Wyatt & R. W. Chambers<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VhRAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+with+the+finnsburg+fragment&hl=en&ei=-H-BTcDRDIqCtgeXs823BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Beowulf with the Finnsburg Fragment</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1918 Cosette Faust & Sith Thompson</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iCUPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Charm+Remedy+Field+Anglo-Saxon&hl=en&ei=XsvkTIHaLsH_lgf1xrXDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Old English Poems Translated </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iCUPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Charm+Remedy+Field+Anglo-Saxon&hl=en&ei=XsvkTIHaLsH_lgf1xrXDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
into the Original Meter</a></span></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
Contains a full translation of the Aecerbot pp. 38ff. <br />
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">1921 Raymond Wilson Chambers</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PlA5AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+and+introduction+chambers&hl=en&ei=PYPUTLBMgv_wBr2wtNMF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem</span></a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style97">
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1977 Howell D. Chickering</span><br class="style96" />
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JKWFG1MipAEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+chickering&source=bl&ots=D7-_tW-yXM&sig=WmNMoYDjivtLABy9ycWs3mqfpC4&hl=en&ei=5paHTO_1I4T68Aaw8JHKAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Beowulf: a Dual-Language Edition</h1>
</a>
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
2002 Benjamin Slade</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://www.heorot.dk/beo-intro-rede.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Beowulf: </span><span class="style149">Text with
Facing Translation</span></a><span class="style96"><br />
<a href="http://www.heorot.dk/stitch-i.html" target="_blank">Charm for a
Sudden Stitch </a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.heorot.dk/deor-i.html" target="_blank">Deor: Text
with Facing Translation</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.heorot.dk/waldere-i.html" target="_blank">Waldere:
Text with Facing Translation</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.heorot.dk/woden-9herbs-i.html" target="_blank">
Woden's Nine Herbs Charm</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.soton.ac.uk/~enm/widsith.htm" target="_blank">
Widsith</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br />
<span class="style96">
2002 </span><span class="style84"><span class="style96">Alexander
M. Bruce</span></span><br />
<span class="title">
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0815339046?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=0815339046&linkCode=xm2&tag=germmythtextt-20" target="_blank">
Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues</a></span><span class="style84"><span class="style96"> </span></span>
</span><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0815339046" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /></span><div class="style65">
<span class="style270">
<a name="GERMAN">GERMAN</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style43"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style96">9th Century
<a href="http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/germanica/Chronologie/09Jh/Muspilli/mus_frag.html" target="_blank">
Muspilli</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427231622/http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/muspilli.pdf" target="_blank">English Translation</a></span><span class="style43"><br class="style96" />
</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">10th century
<br />
</span>
<a href="works/merseburgcharms.html"><span class="style96">The Merseburg Charms</span></a><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">Text and Translation</span><br class="style96" />
<br />
</span><span class="style96">15th-16th centuries<br />
</span><span class="style97"><a href="works/heldenbuch.html">Das
Heldenbuch</a><br />
</span><span class="style96">The Book of Heroes</span><span class="style97"><br />
<strong>
<span class="style56">
<span class="style96">
Texts, Translations, Scholarship</span></span></strong><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style269">1768-1830</span><span class="style97"><br />
<a href="elderedda/IdunnaundHermode.html">Fredrich David Gräter</a><br />
</span><span class="style269">Publisher of <em>Bragur</em> and<br />
<em>Idunna and Hermode</em></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style96">
1814 Henry Weber<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lfshAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Illustrations+of+Northern+Antiquities&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wHLfUYirK67H4AOLuIDYCw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA" target="_blank">Illustrations of Northern Antiquitities</a><br />
</span><span class="style84">
Abstract of the Book of Heroes and the Nibelungen Lay</span><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1816 Karl Lachmann<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bRwwAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=nibelungen+noth+lachmann&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_UP_To7lHY6Etge_y6zQBg&ved=0CG4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Nibelungen Noth</a><br />
<br />
1854 Karl Simrock<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7j87AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bertha++simrock&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FXHfUcHTHo_j4APyyYHADw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ" target="_blank">
Bertha die Spinerinn</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style96"><span class="style207">1857-58 Franz
Xaver von Schönwerth</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"><span class="style15">Aus der Oberpfalz</span><br class="style15" />
<span class="style15">Sitten und Sagen</span></span></span><span class="style207"><span class="style15">
(in German)</span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style213" />
</span><span class="style84"><span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hk9BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Aus+der+Oberpfalz+Sitten+und+Sagen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uIkGUsT1Mojq2QXsiYHQAg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Aus%20der%20Oberpfalz%20Sitten%20und%20Sagen&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. I</a><span class="style15"> (Customs)</span></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=AUgWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Aus+der+Oberpfalz+Sitten+und+Sagen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uIkGUsT1Mojq2QXsiYHQAg&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Aus%20der%20Oberpfalz%20Sitten%20und%20Sagen&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. II </a></span><span class="style15"> (Mythology)</span></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1864 Emma Letherbrow</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=C6EYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gudrun&hl=en&ei=7dABTYm2GYO8lQfWtazPCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Gudrun: A Story of the North Sea</a><br />
<br />
1892 Marion Dexter Learned</span><a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=saga#q=saga&hl=en&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1,bkv:f&ei=e6vYTNi7GcX_lge8_rGHCQ&start=50&sa=N&fp=aee8d1be991f5977" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">The Saga of Walther of Aquitaine</span></a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style97"><span class="style97"><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1878 Eduard Sievers<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ey7IpblmQjkC&pg=PA3&dq=%22Pr%C5%93fat%C3%AEo+in+librnm+Antiquum+lingua+Saxonica+conscriptum%22&hl=en&ei=p8KnTM6sGML88AaDvOD9DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Pr%C5%93fat%C3%AEo%20in%20librnm%20Antiquum%20lingua%20Saxonica%20conscriptum%22&f=false" target="_blank">
Heliand</a> (in Old Saxon)<br />
<br />
1882 Otto Behaghel<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-awZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Otto+Behaghel%22+heliand&source=bl&ots=4IRai4LKJn&sig=QUcnc6MNzblTPRSonnEfMtPdHdU&hl=en&ei=9sOnTK6ZGMWclgeZhJG3DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Old Saxon Heliand</a><br />
<a href="http://artsci.wustl.edu/~bkessler/OS-Heliand/" target="_blank" title="Based on the edition of Otto Behaghel 1882">
The Old Saxon Heliand</a><br />
<strong>
<br />
1969 Mariana Scott <br />
<a href="https://www.hieronymus.us.com/latinweb/Mediaevum/Heliand.htm" target="_blank">
Heliand with Facing Text English Translation</a></strong><br />
<br />
<br />
1909 Daniel B. Shumway<br />
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Optima, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718003647/http://omacl.org/Nibelungenlied/" target="_blank">
The Nibelungenlied</a></span><br />
<br />
1902 <span class="style166">Otto Luitpold Jiriczek</span><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OVMmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51&dq=brisingamen&hl=en&ei=srvRTqnJHsyutwf2-PWuDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=brisingamen&f=false" target="_blank">
Northern Hero Legends</a><br /><br />
<br />
2003 Erika Timm with Adolf Beckmann<br />
</span></span></span></span></span>
<a href="original/FRAUHOLLE_TIMM.html"><span class="style142">Frau
Holle, Frau Percht </span><span class="style96"><span class="style97">
<br />
</span>and Related Figures</span></a><span class="style96"><span class="style97"> </span>
<br />
A Distribution Map of her Legends<span class="style97"><br />
</span><strong>
<span class="style97"> <br />
</span>
</strong>2004 Edward R. Haymes<br />
<a href="https://journal.oraltradition.org/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/19i/Haymes.pdf" target="_blank">The
Germanic Heldenlied and the Poetic Edda: </a><br />
<a href="http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/19i/Haymes.pdf" target="_blank">Speculations on Preliterary
History</a><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</span><span class="style98">Oral Tradition,
<a href="http://journal.oraltradition.org/issues/19i">Volume 19,
Number 1</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
2007 Heidi Graw<br />
<a href="original/KonigRotherHGRaw.html"><em>King Rother</em>: An
English Translation</a><br />
The earliest Spielmannepos (c. 1190 AD)<br />
<br />
<strong>
2009 Heidi Graw<em><br />
<a href="works/ORENDELHEIDIGRAW2007.html" target="_blank">Orendel</a></em><a href="works/ORENDELHEIDIGRAW2007.html" target="_blank">
: An English Translation</a></strong><br />
Middle High German Spielmannspos (12th century)<br />
<br />
</span><em style="font-size: large">
<br />
</em><a href="original/FrauHulleBavarianLegend.html">
<span style="font-size: large">Frau Holle & Krumme Jakob:</span><em style="font-size: large"><br />
</em><span style="font-size: large">A Bavarian Legend</span></a><em style="font-size: large"><br />
<br />
<br class="style97" />
</em><a name="SCANDINAVIAN">SCANDINAVIAN</a><em><br class="style97" />
<br />
<a href="Ballads/BalladsMain.html"><strong>
Medieval<span class="style15"> S</span></strong>candinavian Ballads</a><br />
</span><span class="style96">with mythological themes</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</em><em>
<span class="style96">
<br /></span></em>
<span class="style96">
<strong><span class="style56">
1834-1842
<a class="style69" href="http://runeberg.org/authors/arvidado.html">
Adolf
Iwar Arwidsson</a></span><em><br />
</em></strong><em>
<a href="http://runeberg.org/fornsang/" target="_blank">
<span class="style242">Svenska Fornsånger</span></a></em><a href="http://runeberg.org/fornsang/" target="_blank">
</a><br /><strong>
<span class="style15"><em><br />
<span class="style207">Svenska folkvisor från forntiden</span></em></span><br />
</span>
<span class="style68">edited by Erik Gustaf Geijer, Arvid August
Afzelius</span><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<span class="style98">
1848
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rGEJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR30&dq=svenska+folkvisor&lr=&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q=svenska%20folkvisor&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 1</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style98">
1880<a href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PR6&dq=arvid+geijer&lr=&id=WGgJAAAAQAAJ&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 2</a></span> <br />
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span><span class="style6"> Svend Grundtvig <br />
<span class="style273"><em>Danmarks Gamle Folkeviser</em></span> <br />
</span>
</span>
</strong><strong><span class="style207">
<span class="style98">
1853
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VUhSAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2BLGUaecHYee9QTg6YHwCQ&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume I</a><br />
1856
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4VUMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+2&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MuXFUeaGEZHc8wS9loH4BQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume II</a></span></span><span class="style96">
</span>
<span class="style98">
<br />
(70.
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4VUMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA238&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+ungen+svendal+recension&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BBTGUc-gJIPs8QS9o4GIAQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20ungen%20svendal%20recension&f=false" target="_blank">
Ungen Svendal</a> )</span><span class="style96"><br class="style98" />
<span class="style98">
1862
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=HUBNAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+3&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AObFUZ21MYTc8wTkkoDYDw&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=grundtvig%20Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20volume%203&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume III</a><br />
1883
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yxIMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zhXGUdH9GI-29gS1roDoCA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=grundtvig%20Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20volume%204&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume IV</a><br />
1877-1890
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xSVRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+3&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QBTGUePCFpOE9QS0l4HICQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume V</a></span><br />
<br />
1867 Sophus Bugge<br />
<span class="style56"><span class="style207"><a href="PoeticEdda/FSMExcursus.html">Excursus
on Gróugaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál</a></span></span><br />
</span>
<span class="style98">
with English translations of portions of the ballad of Svendal</span><span class="style96"><br />
</span></strong><span class="style96"><br class="style59" />
</span><font style="MARGIN-TOP: 28pt;">
<span class="style96">
</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</font>
<font style="MARGIN-TOP: 28pt;">
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.badenhausen.net/harz/svava/SvavaNi_en.htm" target="_blank">
Didriks Chronicle âSvava </a>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
Dietrich's ChronicleâSvava</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style98">
Skokloster-Codex I <br />
115 & 116 quarto, <i>E 9013</i>,
K 45, 4<sup>o</sup> <br />
Text by Oscar Hyltén-Cavallius <br />
English by Rolf Badenhausen
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</font>
<span class="style97">
<br /></div>
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p class="style97"><a name="Resources">REFERENCE WORKS</a></p>
<p class="style142">
</p>
<p class="style142">
<a href="http://www.germanic-lexicon-project.org/etc/aa_texts.html" target="_blank">The Germanic Lexicon Project</a></p>
<br />
</span>
<span class="style142">
<a href="https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?o" target="_blank">ONP:
Dictionary of Old Norse Prose</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
</span><span class="style269">
<a href="https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?m" target="_blank">Manuscript
Index</a> / <a href="https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?v" target="_blank">
Works Index</a> <br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style269">
1874
Richard Cleasby & Gudbrand Vigfusson</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1.
</span>
<a href="http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">An Icelandic-English Dictionary</span></a>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style269">
2.
<a href="http://germanicmythology.com/Cleasby/dct/cleasby/index.html" target="_blank">An Icelandic-English Dictionary</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style274">
(Interactive)</span><span class="style97"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96"><br />
Sveinbjörn Egilsson</span><em>
</em>
</span><em>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style142">
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index.php" target="_blank">
Lexicon
Poeticum</a> </span> </em>
<span class="style97">
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">The editions of
</span>
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=l&page=-51&ext=png" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1860,</span></a><span class="style96">
</span>
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=l&page=-51&ext=png" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1913-16,</span></a><span class="style96"> &
</span>
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=e&page=-15&ext=png" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1932</span></a><br class="style96" />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style274">
1845 James S. Ferrall & Ãorleifur Guðmundsson Repp
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lxcJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA418&lpg=PA418&dq=Tendents+danish-english&source=web&ots=l4tMU15iTQ&sig=Ej2ub1GrlXRY4PpZtOipIuCcmq0&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">A Danish-English Dictionary </span> </a>
<br class="style96" />
<br />
<span class="style96">1887 Hugo Gering</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1y8rAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+s%C3%A6mundar&hl=en&ei=-nnUTPaVBIP98AbEkoGpCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">Glossar zu den Liedern der Edda</span></a><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1903 Hugo Gering<br />
</span>
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 14pt">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IZrNEOhmntUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=vollst%C3%A4ndiges+W%C3%B6rterbuch+edda&hl=en&ei=qQPmTMfSM4a0lQe-0bj3Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Vollständiges Wörterbuch zu den Liedern der Edda</h1>
</a><br class="style96" />
</span>Complete Dictionary of the Poems of the Edda<span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1910 Geir T. Zöega<br />
<a href="http://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html" target="_blank">A
Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic</a> (e-text)<br class="style96" />
<a href="http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_zoega_about.html" target="_blank">
A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic</a> (Text Scan) <br />
<a href="https://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html" target="_blank">A
Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic</a> (Interactive)
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96"><br />
1898 Joseph Bosworth & T. Northcote Toller<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style269">
<a href="http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_bosworthtoller_about.html" target="_blank">
Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><span class="style269"> (e-text)</span></span><br class="style269" />
</span>
<span class="style274">
<a href="http://beowulf.engl.uky.edu/~kiernan/BT/bosworth.htm" target="_blank">
Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style274"> (Text Scan)</span><br class="style274" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pKbRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bosworth+toller+anglo+saxon+dictionary&source=bl&ots=m2KhO0A7Wr&sig=17Zs8MqTjebm8-74Ee7eWRx8Lzc&hl=en&ei=LsrJTPPYO8GC8gabrP3XAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style274">Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</span></a>
<span class="style274">(Text Scan)</span><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1916
John R. Clark Hall</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_clarkhall_about.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style164">A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary </span> </a>
<br class="style96" />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<a href="https://norse.ulver.com/dct/names.html" target="_blank">
Dictionary of Old Icelandic Personal Names</a> (Russian)</span><span class="style97"><br class="style96" />
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style97">
<strong>
<br />
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p style="margin-bottom: 19px"><strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/songofthesun.html" target="_blank">
<img alt="" class="style81" height="122" src="images/sun.jpg" width="125" /></a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 19px" class="style128">
<a name="Scholarship_&_Resources">SCHOLARSHIP </a>
</p>
<span class="style96">1770 Paul Henri Mallet</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style109">Northern Antiquities</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=fXs2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=mallet+northern+antiquities&hl=en&ei=EUijTMi4E4H88AbavJClCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><br class="style96" />
</a></strong></span>
<strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=fXs2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=mallet+northern+antiquities&hl=en&ei=EUijTMi4E4H88AbavJClCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume 1</a> 1770<br />
<a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=mallet+northern+antiquities" target="_blank">
Volume </a>
<a href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=mallet+northern+antiquities">
<span class="style15">1</span></a> Reprinted 1809<span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1770 Joseph Banks<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PY1JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR17&dq=ethica+odini&hl=en&ei=G4iBTaL4NoeCtgf_3KjPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=ethica%20odini&f=false" target="_blank">
Letters on Iceland</a><br />
<br />
</span></span><span class="style257">19th Century Scholarship </span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
1828 Finn Magnusson<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=sdgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA210&dq=%22art.+vii.%E2%80%94fddalairen+og+dens+oprindelse%22&hl=en&ei=3c8BTbbnOcWBlAfW0IDvCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Edda Doctrine and Its Origin</a></span></span></strong><br />
<strong><span class="style97"> <br />
<p style="margin-bottom: 19px">
<span class="style96">Wilhelm Grimm</span><em><span class="style96">,
</span> <span class="style109">Die Deutsche Heldensage</span></em><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=HY46AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2&dq=Deutsche+Heldensage&hl=en&ei=QaaHTPG2OJTM9gT4zaTgDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1829
First Edition</span></a><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Nlw4GokviO0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilhelm+grimm+deutsches&hl=en&ei=aQFzTKy5PMOBlAfYrYXsDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=wilhelm%20grimm%20deutsches&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1889 Third Edition</span></a></p>
<div class="style65">
<span class="style96">Jacob Grimm </span> <em>
<span class="style109"><br />
Deutsche Mythologie</span><br class="style96" />
</em>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxxbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Deutsche+Mythologie%22&hl=en&ei=QyNzTPSVH8H98AaCr_n_DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">1835 edition</span></a><br class="style96" />
<em><span class="style96">-or-</span><span class="style15"><br class="style96" />
</span></em><span class="style15">Jacob Grimm's<br />
Teutonic Mythology</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">Translated by James Stalleybrass</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=neQtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR8&lpg=PR8&dq=grimm+stallybrass+%22teutonic+mythology%22&source=bl&ots=ACJ1mhd_2S&sig=pu0A7mizjRuckl45JVuH3pTx1m0#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Volume 1</span></a><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Yy4VAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA437&dq=%22TRANSLATED+FEOM+THE+FOURTH+EDITION.%22&hl=en&ei=sCFzTLaLL4T48Aak2sT-DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22TRANSLATED%20FEOM%20THE%20FOURTH%20EDITION.%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Volume 2</span></a><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR5&dq=%22now+that+I+am+able+to+put+my+germinated+sprout%22&hl=en&ei=JSJzTMmxJcT48AaS2L3iCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22now%20that%20I%20am%20able%20to%20put%20my%20germinated%20sprout%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Volume 3</span></a><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZRwAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1277&dq=%22still+uses+heathen+in+the+sense+of+rustici%22&hl=en&ei=kyJzTKTcGIH48Abjm-DKDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22still%20uses%20heathen%20in%20the%20sense%20of%20rustici%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Volume 4</span></a><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<br />
1839 Grenville Pigott<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Zh2vBefcXRQC&pg=PA47&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=vrIdTszfMaPt0gG2uKmyBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=pagan%20scandinavia&f=false" target="_blank">
A Manual of Scandinavaian Mythology</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1847 George Bernard Depping & Francisque
Michel<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NShcAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Adam+Gottlob+Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger%22&hl=en&ei=575PTenGDYGdlgfLiakx&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Wayland Smith: A Dissertation </a><br />
</span>
</span></span>
<span class="style98">
on a Tradition of the Middle Ages<br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96"> <br />
1851 Benjamin Thorpe</span><br class="style96" />
<em><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=q1oAAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+comprising+the+principle+northern+mythology&source=bl&ots=lW7rk5Ag0t&sig=qfV9p4XQUWBReLVncDoRNx0pN6M&hl=en&ei=79hmTL-QI4P7lweW_N2gBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><span class="style96">Northern Mythology</span></a></em>
<br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1852 William & Mary Howitt</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kaMFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22HISTORIES,+ROMANCES,+POPULAR+LEGENDS+AND+TALES,+O%22&hl=en&ei=loWRTIfiKIH_8AaF-LndBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Literature and Romance
</a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kaMFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22HISTORIES,+ROMANCES,+POPULAR+LEGENDS+AND+TALES,+O%22&hl=en&ei=loWRTIfiKIH_8AaF-LndBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
of Northern Europe
</a>
</span>
<br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1854
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style96">Rudolf Keyser</span></strong><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=54QAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA182&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Religion of the Northmen</span></a><br class="style84" />
<br />
</span><strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">
1876 George Browning</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VBEJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+iceland&hl=en&ei=0tTUTLPEDcGs8Aad8ZTLDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">The Edda Songs and Sagas of Iceland</span></a><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
</span></span>
<span class="style96">
1877 M.B. Richert<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Yi8PAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=richert+belysning&hl=en&ei=zIGBTc2FKs2ftweNs_zNBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Försök till belysning afmörkare </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Yi8PAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=richert+belysning&hl=en&ei=zIGBTc2FKs2ftweNs_zNBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
och
oförstådda ställeni den poetiska eddan</a> <br />
</span>
<span class="style98">
Attempt to illuminate the dark
and obscure
passages in the Poetic Edda<br />
</span>
<span class="style274">
<a href="scholarship/RichertHavamal.html">Excerpts in English</a><span class="style15">: </span>
</span><span class="style302">An Analysis of Hávamál 104-110 </span><span class="style98"><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<br />
1877 Karl Blind<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FOIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101&dq=%22THE+TEUTONIC+TREE+OF+EXISTENCE.+By+Karl+Blind.%22&hl=en&ei=k6L9TK7_IIL58AbS34mSBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20TEUTONIC%20TREE%20OF%20EXISTENCE.%20By%20Karl%20Blind.%22&f=false" target="_blank">
The Teutonic Tree of Existence</a><br />
<br />
1878 George Stephens<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Kx0AAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA44&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Thunor the Thunderer</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style98">
Carved on a Scandinavian Font of about the year 1000<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<br />
</span> </strong>
<span class="style96">
1881 Llewellynn Jewitt<br />
"<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=L501AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6BPqToP-O5S3tweXlsCVCg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&f=false" target="_blank">A
Few Words on the Fylfot Cross</a>"<br />
<br />
1883 Hans Hildebrand</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=v8AYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=ha8dToDHM8TY0QHH2-i_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Industrial Arts of Scandinavia in Pagan Times</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
1883 George Stephens<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oh8AAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+bugge&hl=en&ei=8OTZTZjDGcK4twf3vtzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Prof. S. Bugge's studies on </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oh8AAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+bugge&hl=en&ei=8OTZTZjDGcK4twf3vtzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Northern mythology shortly examined </a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><span class="addmd"></span></span><br />
<br />
</span><strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">
1888 EirÃkr Magnússon
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-uEIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Eir%C3%ADkr+Magn%C3%BAsson%22&hl=en&ei=wZ9eTazDJtGjtgehg7CbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
On Hávamál</a></span></span></strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1889 Julius Hoffery<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1lwrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1&dq=eddastudien&hl=en&ei=ETb8TLW_GYPGlQe0s_CcBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Eddastudien</a><br />
<br />
1889 Viktor Rydberg<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=L501AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6BPqToP-O5S3tweXlsCVCg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&f=false" target="_blank">
Teutonic Mythology</a> (Vol. 1 of 2)<br />
<br />
1895 EirÃkr Magnússon
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OboTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=odin's+horse+yggdrasill&hl=en&ei=Ol50TLz4OMT58AbgsazzCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Odin's Horse Yggdrasill</a><br />
<strong>
<br />
1896 EirÃkr Magnússon
</strong>
<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cxAwAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=MnjTTPS6FcP58AbJv6DJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Edda: Its Derivation and Meaning</a> <br />
cf. Anthony Faulkes, '<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Edda.pdf" target="_blank">Edda</a>'
<br />
<br />
1898 A.R. Skemp<br />
"<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=A78zAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA9-PA3&dq=%22Odin+and+thor+in+Old+Norse+Poetry%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3C7YU7-TEYSPyASOuYHQAQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Odin%20and%20thor%20in%20Old%20Norse%20Poetry%22&f=false" target="_blank">On
Odin and Thor in Old Norse Poetry</a>" <br />
<br />
1898 Victor Nilsson<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J2cSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Loddf%C3%A1fnism%C3%A1l&hl=en&ei=HoKBTfbNCZOXtwf_zYzTBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Loddfáfnismál: An Eddic Study</a><br />
<br />
1899 <strong>Hjalmar Rued <br />
</strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA41&dq=swipdag+rydberg&id=WsU7AAAAMAAJ#v=onepage&q=swipdag%20rydberg&f=false" target="_blank">
Scandinavian Influence on English Literature </a><br />
<br />
1899 Sophus Bugge<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JdQyNzo-9PcC&pg=PA125&dq=eddic&hl=en&ei=Q4WBTafVMI-WtweDkdC2BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Home of the Eddic Poems</a><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style257">20th Century Scholarship</span><span class="style97"><br class="style153" />
<span class="style96">
<br />
1900 H. Munro Chadwick<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=q8QEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22&dq=%22By+H.+Munro+Chadwick,+M.A.,+Fellow+of+Clare+College,+Cambridge.%22&hl=en&ei=xK1YTbT_D8qatwf57NnPDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22By%20H.%20Munro%20Chadwick%2C%20M.A.%2C%20Fellow%20of%20Clare%20College%2C%20Cambridge.%22&f=false" target="_blank">
The Oak and the Thunder-God</a><br />
<br />
1902 Pierre Daniel Chantepie de la Saussaye<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OT_zOqbcqcMC&pg=PA248&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=lcCOTOC_HIG0lQfK44TJAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBzg8#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false" target="_blank">
The Religion of the Teutons</a><br />
<br />
1903 Frank Edgar Farley<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CZYQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA163&dq=skirnir+expedition+herbert&hl=en&ei=Bc36TO_kBoH98AaplbHNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=skirnir%20expedition%20herbert&f=false" target="_blank">
Scandinavian Influences in the </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CZYQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA163&dq=skirnir+expedition+herbert&hl=en&ei=Bc36TO_kBoH98AaplbHNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=skirnir%20expedition%20herbert&f=false" target="_blank">
English Romantic Movement</a><br />
<br />
<strong>1904 Sivert N. Hagen<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vvQNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&dq=%22origin+and+meaning+op+the+name+yggdrasill%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=StJpUqOUO4nO9QTl8IHoAQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22origin%20and%20meaning%20op%20the%20name%20yggdrasill%22&f=false" target="_blank">
The Origin and Meaning of the Name Yggdrasill</a></strong><br />
<br />
1904
<strong>
Andrew Peter Fors
<br />
</strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=HdWCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=norse+cosmology&hl=en&ei=wGPKTOLVNous8Aap6fXhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Ethical World-Conception </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=HdWCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=norse+cosmology&hl=en&ei=wGPKTOLVNous8Aap6fXhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
of the Norse
People </a> <br />
<br />
1907 George Tobias Flom<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BXh2W72O-AkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+tobias+flom&hl=en&ei=M87kTMiBCYKclgeC9_WDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
A History of Scandinavian Studies<br />
in American Universities</a><br />
</span>
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr">
<br class="style96" />
</h1>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
1913 Karl Mortensen<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UmJbAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=handbook+of+norse+mythology&hl=en&ei=BbbtTO2cHoL6lwePx9iNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Handbook of Norse Mythology</a><br />
<br />
1913 Bertha S. Phillpotts<br />
"<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XiuSGrFt32gC&pg=PA480&dq=%22GERMANIC+HEATHENISM%22&hl=en&ei=2kTTTLKcJILGlQfJ-uXiDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22GERMANIC%20HEATHENISM%22&f=false" target="_blank">Germanic
Heathenism</a>"
<br />
in Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 2<br />
<br />
1914 Adolf Burnett Benson<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=X40_AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=%22Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da%22&hl=en&ei=-KFeTezEJoeDtgeg0KmYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Old Norse Element in Swedish Romanticism</a><br />
<br />
1919 M. J. Rudwin<br />
</span> <h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=anMaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA9&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=jr6OTP-nM4H68Aa-35jiCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false" target="_blank">
The Origin of the German Carnival Comedy</a></h1>
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
1920 Halldór Hermannson<br />
Islandica Vol. XIII<br />
<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3487970#view=1up;seq=8" target="_blank">
Bibliography of the Eddas</a><br />
<br />
1921 Rudolf Meissner<br />
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/kenningar.pdf" target="_blank">
Die Kenningar der Skalden</a><br />
</span>
</span>
The Kennings of the Skalds<span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style269">1933 <strong>Jan de Vries</strong></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style269">
<a href="https://archive.org/details/TheProblemOfLoki/page/n3/mode/2up" target="_blank">
The Problem of Loki</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
The Classic Study of Loki<span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style142">1942 Hilda Roderick Ellis (Davidson)</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style96">
<a href="scholarship/road_to_hel.pdf" target="_blank">The Road to
Hel</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
1970s Jere Fleck<br />
</span>
<a href="scholarship/jere_fleck.html">Four by
Fleck</a><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style98">Excerpts from Jere Fleck's influential articles
<br />
on Sacred Kingship and Odin's Self-Sacrifice</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<strong>
<br />
1974
Eleazar Meletinskij
<br />
</strong>
</span>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style96">
<a href="scholarship/eleazar_meletinskij.html">Scandinavian
Mythology </a>
<br />
</span>
<a href="scholarship/eleazar_meletinskij.html">
<span class="style96">as a System of Oppositions</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
</span>
</span>
</a>
</strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">1</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">974
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Folke
Ström<br />
</span><span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;">
<a href="http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Nid,%20ergi%20and%20Old%20Norse%20moral%20attitudes.pdf" target="_blank">
NÃð, Ergi and Old Norse Moral Attitudes</a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">
</span><br />
</span>
</span><span class="style96"><span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</span>
1985
<strong>
Robert J. Glendinning, Haraldur Bessason
editors<span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
</span></strong><span class="style96"><span class="style97">*</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ig4XNNOCQRwC&pg=PA3&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=yDbITO3BJMOC8gbwuq2uDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Edda
a Collection of Essays </a><span class="style97"><br />
<strong>
<br />
</span>
1988
Hilda Ellis Davidson <span class="addmd"></span><br />
<em>
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XpI2MuTZTIEC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=gallehus+horns&source=bl&ots=13u_rn0QzA&sig=99sZqh9-kSIkhFiwUQmv6YecG_U&hl=en&ei=tPaGTJjULcH6lweX_NHuDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBjgo#v=onepage&q=gallehus%20horns&f=false" target="_blank">Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe</a></em><br />
Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions<br />
<br />
1993 Phillip Pulsiano & Kirsten Wolf editors<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=d-XiZO8V4qUC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=am+no.+748+edda&source=bl&ots=btSbxlcVUF&sig=x2XC5sQP1DRiR2XKpIZYm07tsk0&hl=en&ei=zlc6TdubIYO88gbo1eX_Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=am%20no.%20748%20edda&f=false" target="_blank">Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia</a><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
</strong>
</span>
<span class="style96">
<strong>
1994 Margaret Clunies Ross<br />
</strong>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style149">excerpts from Prolonged Echoes:
</span>
<span class="style96"> <br class="style153" />
</span>
<span class="style149">Old Norse Myths in Medieval Northern Society</span><span class="style96"><br />
<a href="original/cosmologyMCRexcerpt.html" target="_blank">On
Cosmology</a><br />
<a href="original/cosmologyMCRTIME.html" target="_blank">On Mythic
Time</a><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
1995 Terry Gunnell<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=c8Elw62Qaf0C&pg=PA140&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=ha8dToDHM8TY0QHH2-i_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=pagan%20scandinavia&f=false" target="_blank">The
Origins of Drama in Scandinavia</a><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>1997 Lotte Motz</span><span class="style97"><br />
</span><span class="style96">
<a href="scholarship/MotzThunderweapon.html">The Germanic Thunder
Weapon</a><br />
<br />
</span>
</strong><span class="style96"><span class="style97"> </span><span class="style166">1999 Thomas Andrew DuBois</span><br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=g2-Lga0r62MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=viking+age&hl=en&ei=gvmGTJ3VDsP68AbL1rz4AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Nordic Religions in the Viking Age</a><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style257">21st Century Scholarship</span><span class="style96"><br />
</span><strong>
<span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
2001 John Lindow<br />
<a href="scholarship/LINDOW%20THE%20NATURE%20OF%20MYTHIC%20TIME.pdf" target="_blank">
The Nature of Mythic Time</a><br />
</span>excerpt from<span class="style97"><span class="style84">
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=9-3hfVpdks8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=handbook+of+norse+mythology&hl=en&ei=BbbtTO2cHoL6lwePx9iNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Handbook of Norse Mythology</a></span></span></strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
<br />
2002 Alexander M. Bruce<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hDFIeCj0xasC&printsec=frontcover&dq=scyld+scef+alexander+bruce&hl=en&ei=bgBzTODzJoSclge1yZWKDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><br />
*Scyld & Scef: Expanding the Analogues</a><br />
<br />
2002 Paul Acker & Carolyne Larrington, eds.<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j4bufbA_UpQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=larrington+edda&hl=en&ei=oc1tTfDIO9CRgQe6sZH7Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Poetic Edda: A Collection of Essays</a><br />
<br />
<br />
2004 Brian Murdoch and Malcom Kevin Read, ed.<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PHqzR1XoV0QC&pg=PA199&dq=larrington+edda&hl=en&ei=jM5tTeibOsLFgAflroCIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=larrington%20edda&f=false" target="_blank">Early Germanic Literature and Culture </a><br />
<br />
2004 Heather O'Donoghue<br />
*<a href="http://www.e-reading.org.ua/bookreader.php/135818/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature%253A_A_Short_Introduction.pdf" target="_blank">Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction</a><br />
<br />
2004 Maria Kvilhaug<br />
<a href="https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/23958/18497.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y" target="_blank">The Maiden with the Mead</a><br />
Masters Dissertation, University of Oslo<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=1843840421" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
2005 John McKinnell<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=P2x2x3neFywC&pg=PA3&dq=meeting+the+other+in+old+norse+myth&hl=en&ei=d4bUTOSPF4P58Aaktdi5DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=meeting%20the%20other%20in%20old%20norse%20myth&f=false" target="_blank">Meeting the Other in Old Norse Myth and Legend</a><br />
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=1847252478" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
<br />
<strong> </strong> <br />
2011 Christopher Abram<br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7MaxusRNVGkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=myths+of+the+pagan+north&hl=en&ei=2_oTTorFHMfz0gGik7HRCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Myths of the Pagan North</a><br />
<br />
2013 Paul Acker and Carolyne Larrington, eds. <br />
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hZXUGvXii4UC&pg=PA189&dq=poetic+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CLf9UfiTBZK88wScg4CoDA&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=rydberg&f=false" target="_blank">Revisiting
the Poetic Edda</a><br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style96">
<a href="scholarship/modernscholars.html">MODERN SCHOLARS</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
Biographies, Bibliographies, Contacts<br />
</span></span></strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<hr class="style23" style="height: 0px; width: 60%" />
<div class="style65">
<div class="style65">
<br />
</span>
<span class="style97">
COLLECTIONS & ARCHIVES<span class="style96"><br />
<strong>
<a href="http://www.le.ac.uk/ee/viking/sagabookindex.htm" target="_blank">
<img alt="" class="style116" height="225" src="images/viking%20society%20logo.gif" style="float: left" width="171" /></a></strong><br />
</span></span></span>
<strong>
<span class="style128">
The
Saga-Book <br />
</span>
<span class="style84">
of the</span><span class="style128"> <br />
<a href="http://www.vsnr.org/" target="_blank">V</a>iking
<a href="http://www.vsnr.org/" target="_blank">S</a>ociety
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style128">
</span>
<span class="style96"> <br />
for
<a href="http://www.vsnr.org/" target="_blank">N</a>orthern
<a href="http://www.vsnr.org/" target="_blank">R</a>esearch<br />
</span></span>
<span class="style84">
<em>Since </em></span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
1894</span><br />
</span>[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/">All
Publications</a>] [<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RQQbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=eddaic&hl=en&ei=p_aOTLe0HoT48Aa6rbH7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=eddaic&f=false">1</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20II.pdf">2</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20III.pdf">3]</a>
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20IV.pdf">4</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20V.pdf">5</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20VI.pdf">6</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf">7</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20VIII.pdf">8</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20IX.pdf">9</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20X.pdf">10</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XI.pdf">11</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XII.pdf">12</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIII.pdf">13</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVI.pdf">14</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XV.pdf">15</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVI.pdf">16</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf">17</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf">18]</a>
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIX.pdf">19</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXII.pdf">20</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXI.pdf">21</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXII.pdf">22</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIII.pdf">23</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIV.pdf">24</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXV.pdf">25</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVI.pdf">26</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVII.pdf">27</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVIII.pdf">28</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIX.pdf">29</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXX.pdf">30</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXXI.pdf">31</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXXII.pdf">32</a>]
[<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIII.pdf">33</a>]
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style15">These are .pdf files & may take time to load</span></strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
<br class="style96" />
</div>
</div>
</span></span><span class="style128">
<div>
</span><span class="style97">The
International Saga Conference<br />
Archives<span class="style96"><br />
[<a href="http://sydney.edu.au/arts/medieval/saga/" target="_blank">11th
Annual</a>]<a href="http://www.germanistik.uni-bonn.de/institut/abteilungen/skandinavische-sprachen-und-literaturen/abteilung/veranstaltungen/veranstaltungsarchiv/the-12th-international-saga-conference/the-twelfth-international-saga-conference-papers" target="_blank">[12th
Annual</a>] [<a href="http://www.theapricity.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-6953.html" target="_blank">13th
Annual</a>][<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080305185454/http://www.dur.ac.uk:80/medieval.www/sagaconf/" target="_blank">13</a>]<br />
[<a href="http://www.saga.nordiska.uu.se/" target="_blank">14th
Annual</a>][<a href="http://sagaconference.au.dk/en/programandsessions/" target="_blank">15th
Annual</a>]<br />
</div>
</span>
<div class="style65">
<a href="http://index.scandinavianstudy.org/issues.php" target="_blank">Scandinavian Studies</a><span class="style96"><br />
<span class="style98">The Journal of the Society for the Advancement
<br />
of Scandinavian Study since 1911</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<br />
</span>
</span>
<br />
</span>
</span>
</strong>
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<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
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<p>
<strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Hrafnagaldr%20Odins.html">
<img alt="" class="style167" height="224" src="images/gylphships.jpg" width="335" /></a></strong></p>
<span class="style97">
<a name="INDO-EUROPEAN_STUDIES">INDO-EUROPEAN STUDIES</a><br class="style96" />
<br />
</span></span></span>
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
</strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></span></span></strong>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style97">
<strong>
RESOURCES<br />
<br class="style96" />
</strong>
<strong>
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.jies.org/DOCS/jies_index/mainindex.html" target="_blank">
The Journal of Indo-European Studies</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style84"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/" target="_blank">
<span class="style207">Early Indo-European Online </span></a>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">at The University of Texas, Austin</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<font color="#000080" class="style207">
<a href="http://www.indo-european.nl/index2.html" target="_blank">
INDO-EUROPEAN </a><br />
<a href="http://www.indo-european.nl/index2.html" target="_blank">
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY</a></font><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="scholarship/IEtextsandtranslations.html">Indo-European
Texts and Translations</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1896 Ralph T. H. Griffith, translator</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/" target="_blank">
Hymns of the Rigveda</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1896 Ralph T. H. Griffith, translator</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.sanskritweb.net/rigveda/griffith.pdf" target="_blank">
The Hymns of the Rigveda</a>, 2nd edition</span><br class="style207" />
</span></span>
<span class="style98">
<span class="style207">[searchable e-text]</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span> <br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style263">
1905 William Dwight Whitney, Translator<br />
Atharva-veda Samhita</span><span class="style84"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CqmUyLdfSyQC&pg=PR5&dq=%22Late+Professor+of+Sanskrit+in+Yale+University,+Knight+of+the+Royal+Prussian+Order+Pour+%22&hl=en&ei=W1M7TvKNBMbz0gGyi6X4Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Late%20Professor%20of%20Sanskrit%20in%20Yale%20University%2C%20Knight%20of%20the%20Royal%20Prussian%20Order%20Pour%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
First Half, Introduction, Books I-VII</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZpgOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA465&dq=%22Late+Professor+of+Sanskrit+in+YaU+University,+Knight+of+the+Royal+Prussian+Order+%22&hl=en&ei=4FM7TqL9Kqne0QGZn_DtAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Late%20Professor%20of%20Sanskrit%20in%20YaU%20University%2C%20Knight%20of%20the%20Royal%20Prussian%20Order%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
Second Half, Books VII-XIX, Index</a></span><br class="style207" />
</span><br class="style207" />
</strong>
<strong>
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.avesta.org/" target="_blank">Avesta</a>:
The Zoroastrian Archives</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="works/generalIE.html" target="_blank">GENERAL WORKS</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style84"><span class="style207">prior to 1910</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style207">MODERN WORKS</span><span class="style84"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Proceedings of the Annual UCLA </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/pies/Archives/IEC.html" target="_blank">
Indo-European Conference Archives</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1963 Marija Gimbutas</span>
<br class="style207" />
<a href="http://www.vaidilute.com/books/gimbutas/gimbutas-contents.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style207">The Balts</span></a><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
1973 Georges Dumézil</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DZIeNMgZhRwC&pg=PA75&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=ssGOTLTvI8Sblge1gMXKAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAjhG#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false" target="_blank">
Gods of the Ancient Northmen</a> (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rurD1yd0Ok0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=kuhn+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YVusUNLTJsTiyAGwlIG4Aw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=kuhn%20edda&f=false" target="_blank">2</a>)</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">*1988
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=v56tj2EPZ-YC&pg=PA169&dq=languages+and+culture+edgar&hl=en&ei=L4qBTav4HNS2twfC7YmxBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=languages%20and%20culture%20edgar&f=false" target="_blank">
Languages and Cultures</a>: </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé <br />
<br />
*1997
J.P. Mallory and D. Q. Adams</span><br class="style207" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Indo-European%20Poetry%20and%20Myth&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q=Indo-European%20Poetry%20and%20Myth&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style207">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</span></a><br class="style207" />
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0199296685" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" class="style207" /><span class="style207">
<br />
2006 J.P Mallory and D.Q. Adams</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style225">The Oxford Introduction to Proto Indo-European</span><br class="style225" />
<span class="style225">and the Proto-Indo-European World</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span></strong></span></span></span><strong><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">*Indicates preview only<br />
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style207"> </span><span class="style97">
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<span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<table style="width: 100%">
<tr>
<td class="style268" valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> <span class="style97"><span class="style96"><strong><a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html"><img alt="" height="437" src="images/lurs.jpg" width="298" style="border-width: 3px; height: 350px; width: 238px;" /></a></strong></span></span><br />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-color: #800000; width: 40%; background-image: url('images/parchmentbase.jpg');" valign="top" class="style240">
<!-- MSCellType="ContentBody2" -->
<strong>
<p> </p>
<p> <strong><span class="style56"><em><a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html"><img alt="Fornaldarsogur Nordrlanda: Texts, Translations, Scholarship" class="style94" height="138" src="images/bordersaga.jpg" width="309" /></a></em></span></strong></p>
<p>
<strong>
<span class="style276"><a name="Landnámabók">LANDNÃMABÃK</a></span></strong></p>
<p><span class="style275">Finnur Jónsson<br />
Ari Fróði's
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TKHwIHa0i0gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=landnamabok&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vuOoU8D0MuvJsQSxwID4Cw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=landnamabok&f=false" target="_blank">
Landnámabók</a> I-III<br />
<br />
1898 Rev. T. Ellwood M.A.<br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=W5APAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%22Author+of+lakeland+and+iceland%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NeOoU_eQOrjMsQSGwoDoCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Author%20of%20lakeland%20and%20iceland%22&f=false" target="_blank">
The Book of the Settlement of Iceland</a><br />
</span> </p>
<span class="style128"><a name="Icelandic_Sagas_and_Thattur">ICELANDIC
SAGAS </a><br />
<a name="Icelandic_Sagas_and_Thattur">AND THÃTTIR</a></span><br />
Collected Sources<br />
<br />
<span class="style97"><a href="original/CopenhagenFire.html">Ãrni
Magnússon</a><br />
</span><span class="style149">and the Great Fire of Copenhagen 1728</span><br />
<br />
<p>
<span class="style97">
<a href="https://arnastofnun.is/en/institute" target="_blank">Ãrni Magnússon Institute</a></span><span class="style96"><br />
Manuscripts </span>of Eddas, Islendingar sögur, and Fornaldarsögur</p>
<p>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://handrit.is/en/manuscript/browse/uniform" target="_blank">Handrit.is</a></span></span><span class="style56"><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">(Manuscripts of Sagas, Poetry and RÃmur)</span></span></p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Norrøne_kildetekster" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Heimskringla</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">Nordic Texts and Poems</span></p>
<p>
<table align="center" width="90%">
<tr>
<td><center>
<a href="http://heimskringla.no/index.php?title=Kildeindex" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">SourceIndex</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">A Bibliographic Overview</span></center></td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
<p class="style208">
<a href="https://skaldic.abdn.ac.uk/db.php?if=myth&table=myth&view=" target="_blank">Pre-Christian
Religions of the North: Sources</a> </p>
<p class="style208">
<span id="bibliogr13">
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/index.php#of" target="_blank">
Septentrionalia. the Medieval North</a><span class="style97"><br class="style96" />
</span><span class="style84">An extensive collection of source material and scholarship</span><span class="style96"><span class="style97"> </span></span>
</span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style97">
<br />
</span>
</span></p>
<p class="style208">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214122902/http://www.snerpa.is/net/" target="_blank">Netútgáfan</a></p>
<p class="style84">
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Icelandic Sagas</span></a><span class="style208"> </span>
<span class="style207">
(in Old Icelandic)</span></p>
<p class="style84">
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl-th.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Icelandic Thættir</span></a><span class="style207"><span class="style96">
</span>(in Old Icelandic)</span></p>
<a href="MISCELLANEOUS\Lokathattur.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Loka Tháttur: A Faroese Kvæði</span></a><span class="style207"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>with facing English Translation<br />
</span>
<div class="style65">
<span class="style56">
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
<span class="style97">
<a href="works/sagacollections.html">Historic
Saga Collections </a><br />
<a href="works/sagacollections.html">and Commentaries </a></span></span><br />
<span class="style96"><br />
1825-1837</span><span class="style15"><em><br class="style96" />
<span class="style97"><a href="works/fornmanna.html">Fornmanna Sögur</a></span></em><span class="style97"> in 12 volumes</span></span><br class="style84" />
<span class="style98">An Early Collection of Icelandic Sagas<br />
<strong>
<span class="style96">
<a href="works/fornmannaindex.html">INDEX</a></span></strong><br />
<br />
</span>
<a href="works/fornmanna.html">
<img alt="" class="style83" height="197" src="images/fornmanna.png" width="282" /></a><br />
<strong>
<br />
<span class="style145"><a href="scholarship/CartographySaga.html">
<em>Cartography </em> </a></span>
<span class="style96"><br />
<span class="style207">
<a href="scholarship/CartographySaga.html">
5 maps from the Saga Translations </a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">of William Morris and Eirikur Magnusson</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span></span><br class="style208" /><hr class="style23" style="height: 5px; width: 60%" />
<br class="style208" /><span class="style248">ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS</span><br class="style248" />
</strong><span class="style248">of Icelandic Sagas and Thættir</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
</span>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030602211937/http://www.squirrel.com/asatru/translations.html" target="_blank">Index of The Complete Sagas of the Icelanders</a></span>
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84"><span class="style208">& more at Squirrel.com</span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1908
</span>
</span><span class="style84"><strong><span class="style56"><span class="style96">
<span class="style207">Halldór Hermannsson</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010535774;seq=9#view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank">
Bibliography of the Icelandic Sagas and Minor Tales</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Islandica Vol. I</span></span></span></strong></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://sagadb.org/index_az" target="_blank">Icelandic Saga
Database</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Icelandic Texts with</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">English, German and French Translations</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1878 Gudbrand Vigfusson
</span>
</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style239">Sturlunga Saga </span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=m5wNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR57&dq=saga+iceland&hl=en&ei=HMeOTIqKBIK8lQe-8M3LAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Vol. I</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7Y6qZzy5ZYcC&pg=PA498&dq=Saga+%C3%93lafs+kon%C3%BAngs+hins+Helga&hl=en&ei=76iwTuT9LI2CtgfD1NiBAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. II</a></span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<div class="style65">
<span class="style56">
<span id="search5" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">1891
<strong>EirÃkr Magnússon
</strong>and William Morris</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">The Saga Library Volume I</span></span><br class="style208" /><span lang="en-GB">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/banda.htm" target="_blank">The Story of the Banded Men</a></span>
<span lang="en-us" class="style207">(E-text)</span><br class="style207" /></span></span>
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/01band.htm" target="_blank">
<span lang="en-US" class="style208">Bandamanna
saga</span></a><span lang="en-GB"> <br class="style208" />
<strong>
<span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;">
<span class="style208" style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Bandamanna%20saga.pdf" target="_blank">
Bandamanna saga</a></span></span><span class="style208">
Ed. Hallvard Magerøy</span></strong><br class="style208" /></span>
</span></span>
</strong><br class="style208" /><strong><span class="style208">1861 George Webbe Dasent</span></strong><br class="style208" />
<strong><span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bVsAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=burnt+njal+dasent&hl=en&ei=EiLUTPbnK82r8AaQhuSlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Story of Burnt Njal</a></span></strong><br class="style208" />
<span id="search0" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span class="style56"><strong><span class="style96">
<span class="style207">1900 (Abridged)
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XFJ2zrhNH2MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=njals&hl=en&ei=v8qOTKzXFYO0lQfG9vXlAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Story of Burnt Njal</a></span>
<br class="style207" /><span class="style207"> </span></span><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/njala.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">Brennu-Njáls saga</span></a><span class="style208">
</span></strong></span></span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" /><span class="style56">
<strong>
<span class="style208">1893 William Charles Green</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=25bvpYlrYI4C&pg=PA5&dq=icelandic+sagas&hl=en&ei=cciOTOaiGYPGlQfboZDnAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=icelandic%20sagas&f=false" target="_blank">The Story of Egil Skallagrimsson</a></span>
<br class="style207" /></span><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/egils.htm">
<span class="style208">Egils saga</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
<span id="search4" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<h3 class="style75">
<span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;">
<span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" class="style208">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Egla/Egils_saga.pdf" target="_blank">
Egils saga</a></span></span><span class="style208"> Ed. Bjarni Einarsson
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style291" style="text-underline: single;">
<a href="http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Egla/Borgarfiord.pdf" target="_blank">
Map</a></span><span class="style208"> of Borgarfjǫrðr</span></h3>
<h3 class="style75"><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" /><span class="style208">1880 John Sephton</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rdS1RFM8iuEC&pg=PA24&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=uLLYTImgPMGBlAe1w-CNCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzha#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Eirik the Red's Saga</span></a><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/eirik.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">EirÃks saga rauða</span></a>
<br class="style208" /><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1892
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Saga Library Volume II</span><br class="style208" /> <a href="http://omacl.org/EreDwellers/" target="_blank"><span class="style208">The
Story of the Ere-Dwellers</span></a> <br class="style208" /> <a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/eyrbygg.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">Eyrbyggja Saga</span></a>
<br class="style208" /><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1869
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/gre/index.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Story of Grettir the Strong
</span>
</a><br class="style208" /><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1890 S. Baring-Gould</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">with illustrations by M. Zeno Diemer</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=exQpAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA385&dq=The+Story+of+G%C3%ADsli+the+Outlaw&hl=en&ei=FBXUTLu1IsP58Ab3-YXTCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQuwUwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1914 G.H. Hight</span></span></h3>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511153603/http://omacl.org/Grettir/" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Grettir's saga </span></a>
<br class="style208" /><span class="style208">
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/grettir.htm">Grettis saga</a></span><br class="style208" /> <br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1866 George Webbe Dasent</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">with illustrations by C.E. St. John
Mildmay</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eY78PQlJpSEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Story+of+G%C3%ADsli+the+Outlaw&hl=en&ei=FBXUTLu1IsP58Ab3-YXTCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Story of GÃsli the Outlaw</span></a><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/gisl.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">GÃsla saga Súrssonar</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span id="search13" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span class="style208">1901
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208">EirÃkr Magnússon </span>
</span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">and William Morris </span><br class="style207" />
</span></span></span>
<span id="search0" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span lang="en-US">
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/gunnlaug-en.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Saga of Gunnlaug Worm-Tongue</span></a><br class="style208" /> <a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/20orms.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu</span></a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263"> </span><span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" class="style208"><a href="http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/The%20Saga%20of%20Gunnlaug%20Serpent-Tongue.pdf" target="_blank">The
Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue</a></span></span><span class="style84"><span class="style96"><span class="style207"> Ed. R. Quirk</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" /><span class="style207">1891
EirÃkr Magnússon and
William Morris </span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=9b8tAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22saga+library%22&hl=en&ei=a-jUTLSzKsT68AaU7r3KBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Story of Howard the Halt</a></span><br class="style207" />
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/havardar.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style207">Hávarðar Saga
Ãsfirðings</span></a><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" /><span class="style207">1892
EirÃkr Magnússon and
William Morris </span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/" target="_blank">The Story of the
Heath Slayings</a></span> <br class="style207" /> <span class="style207"><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/heidarv.htm" target="_blank">HeiðarvÃga saga</a></span>
<br class="style207" /><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1891
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5swXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=%22saga+library%22+%22CHAPTER+I.+OF+MEN+OF+BURGFIRTH%22&hl=en&ei=Q-rUTP66B8OB8gaCiNnHCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Hen Thorir</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/haensna.htm" target="_blank">Hænsna Ãóris Saga</a></span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<br /></span>
<span class="style208">1902 Jón Stéfanssón and William G. Collingwood</span></span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6ZHPAHf1kiYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cormac+skald&hl=en&ei=gXrUTPj_LYG88ga1hpHADA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Life
and Death of Cormac the Skald</h1>
</a><br class="style208" /><span class="style208"> </span><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/kormaks.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">Kormáks saga</span></a>
<br class="style208" /><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">1910 Muriel A.C. Press</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0uVPyWx6p_oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=laxd%C3%A6la+saga&hl=en&ei=9SPUTIOfNcP78Aa6_8SFCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Laxdæla Saga
</a></span><br class="style207" /><span class="style207"> </span></span><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/laxdal.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">Laxdæla saga</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
<span id="search3" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<h3 class="style290"> </h3>
<div class="style65">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
1882 New Englander and Yale
Review, Vol. 41</h1>
<br />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3-AXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA409&dq=yale+review+voluspa&hl=en&ei=SKSRTP-CAoP-8Ab0g7z6BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Folk songs of the Faroe Islands</a></span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">includes <em>Loka thattur</em></span></span><br class="style208" />
</div>
<h3 class="style75"><br class="style208" />
</h3>
</span></strong>
</div>
</div>
<strong><span id="search0" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
The modern work now known as ORKNEYINGA SAGA <br />
or "History of the Men of Orkney" is in reality a complex work <br />
made up of parts of different date and character: <br />
<br />
a. Chapters 1-3, Fundinn Noregr <br />
b. Chapters 4-38, Jarla Saga <br />
c. Chapters 39-55, St Magnus Saga <br />
d. Chapter 60, Iarteina bók<br />
e. Chapters 56-59, the History of Earl Rognwald <br />
f. Chapters 61-118, the History of Swain Asleifsson <br />
<br />
In the
<a href="https://heimskringla.no/wiki/Flateyjarbók" target="_blank">
Flateyjarbók</a>, the saga is cut into five pieces and<br />
inserted into a series of the Lives of the Kings of Norway.<br />
<br />
<div class="style65">
<div class="style65">
<span id="search16" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<h3 class="style75">
<span class="style208">1873 Jón A. HjaltalÃn & Gilbert Goudie</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Edited with notes by Joseph Anderson</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QHIJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=2umOTOvuNIL98AbNr_2ZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Orkneyinga Saga</a> </span><br />
<span id="search15" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rerum_Britannicarum_Medii_Aevi_Scriptore/wWNEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=j%C3%B3l%20Rognvald%20jarl%20Eindridi%20dag&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover&fbclid=IwAR3N1WTilDF9cQ8CvaLf9-7Wj_uf_IYZtnUuZjEx5Pbw19TJuC43m8EZc9A" target="_blank">
Orkneyinga Saga</a></span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1894 George W. Dasent</span><br class="style208" />
</h3>
<span class="style208"> </span><span class="style84"><span class="style208" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qIVJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11&dq=%22THE+BRITISH+ISXES,%22&hl=en&ei=nCzxTYisAZSDtger9uiNAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20BRITISH%20ISXES%2C%22&f=false" target="_blank">The
Orkneyingers' Saga</a></span></span></span></div>
<table class="ts" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
<tr>
<td class="style207">
<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rerum_Britannicarum_Medii_Aevi_Scriptore/wWNEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=j%C3%B3l%20Rognvald%20jarl%20Eindridi%20dag&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover&fbclid=IwAR3N1WTilDF9cQ8CvaLf9-7Wj_uf_IYZtnUuZjEx5Pbw19TJuC43m8EZc9A" target="_blank">
Orkneyinga Saga</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<br class="style208" />
<span lang="en-GB">
<span class="style263">1</span><span lang="en-us" class="style96"><span class="style207">866 Sir Edmund Head</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
</span>
</strong>
<span id="search0" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span lang="en-GB">
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0F4mbnoyGxcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=2umOTOvuNIL98AbNr_2ZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<strong>Viga-Glum's Saga</strong></a></span><strong><span class="style208">
(Scan)</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/viga-en.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Story of Viga-Glúm</span></a></strong></span><strong><span lang="en-GB" class="style208">
</span><span class="style208">(E-Text)</span><span lang="en-GB"><span class="style208">
</span> </span>
<span class="style263"> </span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208"> </span></span><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/vigaglum.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style208">VÃga-Glúms saga</span></a><span class="style208">
/
</span>
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/38viga.htm" target="_blank">
<span lang="en-US" class="style208">VÃga-Glúms saga</span></a><span lang="en-GB" class="style208"> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span lang="en-US">
<span class="style208">1901
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208">EirÃkr Magnússon </span> </span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">and William Morris</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/viglund-en.htm" target="_blank">The Saga of Viglund the Fair</a>
</span> </span> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span lang="en-US">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/39vigl.htm" target="_blank">VÃglundar
saga</a> </span> </span> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1882 John Coles</span></span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/thordr-en.htm" target="_blank">
<span lang="en-GB" class="style208">The Story of </span>
<span class="style208">Thórðr Hreða</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
<span lang="en-US">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/43tord.htm" target="_blank">
Ãórðar saga hreðu</a></span>
<br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1971 Herman Pálsson</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style239">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TVONrjdEuk8C&pg=PA27&dq=Stories+of+the+Kings+of+Norway&hl=en&ei=H55eTZWWAcuTtwewkpyWDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Stories%20of%20the%20Kings%20of%20Norway&f=false" target="_blank">
Hrafkel's Saga and Other Icelandic Stories</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
</span> </span>
</strong></span>
<strong>
<br class="style208" />
2004 J.M Dent<br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Outlaws.pdf" target="_blank">
Three Icelandic Outlaw Sagas</a><br />
The Saga of Gisli <br />
The Saga of Grettir <br />
The Saga of Hord
<br class="style208" />
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
<div class="style65">
<span class="style97"> </span><br />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Thrymskvida.html">
<img height="241" src="images/Thorrstatue.jpg" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px" width="150" /></a><span class="style84"><em><br />
<br />
</em><span class="style56">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html" name="Fornaldarsögur_Norðurlanda_">
<strong>
<span class="style298">FORNALDARSÃGUR NORÃRLANDA</span></strong></a></span><a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html" name="Fornaldarsögur_Norðurlanda_"><strong><span class="style298"><em>
</em></span>
</strong>
</a>
<strong>
<em> <br />
</em>
</strong>
</span>
</strong>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style99">
Legendary Sagas of the Northland </span><span class="style56"><em><br />
</em> <br />
</span></span><span class="style56">
<span class="style97">Texts in Old Icelandic</span><em><br class="style84" />
<span class="style179"> </span><br />
</em>
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style56">
<span class="style208"> </span></span><strong><span class="style56"><span class="style96"><span class="style207"><a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/forn/forn.htm" target="_blank">Fornaldarsögur</a></span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Icelandic Texts online at <em>Netutgafan</em></span>
<br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Kategori:Fornaldarsögur" target="_blank">Fornaldarsögur</a></span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Icelandic Texts online at </span> <em>
<span class="style207">Heimskringla</span><br class="style207" />
</em><span class="style207">edited by</span></span><em><span class="style96"><span class="style207"> Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</em><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1829-30 Carl Christian Rafn</span><br class="style208" />
</span>
<span class="style245">Fornaldar Sögur Nordrlanda</span><span class="style56"><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">1829
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=f2cAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=eptir+g%C3%B6mlum+handritum&hl=en&ei=FxrDTNH9M8KB8gabr6TnBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume I</a>
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1829</span></span> <span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pVYPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA362&dq=Nordrlanda+rafn&hl=en&ei=_KWRTK6BBoOB8gbC9_nsBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Volume II</a>
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1830
</span>
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vGcAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=fornaldar&hl=en&ei=peiOTJadL4K88gaY6YzvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Volume III </span> </a>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style84">
<span class="style101">
<span class="style207">
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/IndexToCC_RAFN.html" target="_blank">Index</a>
of this often-cited collection</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208">
1887-89
Valdimar Ãsmundarsson
</span>
</span>
<br class="style239" />
<span class="style245">Fornaldarsögur Norðrlanda</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1887-88
</span>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SL0XAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fornaldar+S%C3%B6gur+Nordrlanda&hl=en&ei=nAKPTJrKNIWglAeEkbXrDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Volumes 1-2 </span> </a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">1889
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3j9cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fornaldar+S%C3%B6gur+Nordrlanda&hl=en&ei=nAKPTJrKNIWglAeEkbXrDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false">
Volume 3</a></span></span><br class="style208" />
<br />
</span><span class="style109"><span class="style56">
<span class="style96">
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html">
<img alt="" height="147" src="images/eddaodinbanner.jpg" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px; height: 156px; width: 400px;" width="377" /></a><br />
</span></span></span>
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html">
<span class="style97">
Index
<em>of the</em></span><span class="style98"><span class="style97">
</span></span><span class="style97">
Complete
</span></a><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style128">
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html">Fornaldarsögur
Norðurlanda</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style249">in English Translation</span><span class="style56"><span class="style97"> </span></span>
</div>
<span class="style96"> <br />
<span class="style207">1901
EirÃkr Magnússon
</span>
</span>
<br class="style146" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA1&dq=northern+love+stories&id=PHaJoYbZazgC#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales</a><a class="style57" href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA1&dq=northern+love+stories&id=PHaJoYbZazgC#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank" title="Contains the tales of Gunnlaug Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald, Frithjof the Bold, Viglund the Fair, Högni and Heðinn, Roi the Fool, & Thorstein Staff-smitten">
</a>
</span>
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Story Of Gunnlaug The Worm-Tongue </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">and Raven The Skald </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Story Of Frithiof The Bold </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Story Of Viglund the Fair </span>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/SorliThattrHedinHogniMorrisTunstall.html">
<span class="style208">The Tale Of Hogni And Hedinn</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Tale Of Roi The Fool </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Tale Of Thorstein Staff-Smitten </span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style222">1923 Nora Kershaw</span><br class="style239" />
<span class="style239"><font>
<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1808249" target="_blank" title="Includes translations of Sorli Thattur, Nornagests Thattur, Hromund saga Grepssonar, Hervarar Saga og Heidriks ">Stories and Ballads of the Far Past</a></font></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Tháttr of Nornagest </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Tháttr of Sörli</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Saga of Hromund Greipsson</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek</span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1985 Hermann Pálsson & Paul Edwards </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
*<span class="style207"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=reuZ0FPahhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=seven+viking+romances&hl=en&ei=s8zKTIPbBYK88gbN44mgAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank" title="Contains Arrow-Odd, King Gautrek, Halfdan Eysteinsson, Bosi and Herraud, Egil and Asmund, Thorstein Mansion-Might, and Helgi Thorisson">Seven Viking Romances</a></span></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Bosi and Herraud</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Egil and Asmund</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Halfdan Eysteinsson</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">King Gautrek</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Arrow Odd</span><a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/ThorsteinMansionMightPalson.html"><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Thorstein Mansion-Might</span></a><br />
<br />
1965 Ed. R. G. Finch<br />
<a href="http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Volsunga%20saga.pdf" target="_blank">
The Saga of the Volsungs</a> <br class="style208" />
<span class="style208"> <br />
1980 Anthony Faulkes<br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/SSK.pdf" target="_blank">
Stories from Sagas of Kings</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style263">with Völsi þattur</span><span class="style208"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="style56"><span class="style97">RESOURCES</span><br />
<br />
<span class="style97">
<a href="http://fasnl.ku.dk/bibl.aspx" target="_blank">Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda:
</a>
</span>
<span class="style84">
<em>
<span class="style96">
<br />
A Bibliography of Manuscripts,<br />
Editions, Translations, and Secondary Literature.<br />
</span>
</em>
<span class="style98">Compiled by </span>
</span>
<span class="style98">
M.J. Driscoll & Silvia </span></span><span class="style98">Hufnagel</span><span class="style56"><em><span class="style96"><span class="style84"><br />
<br />
</span></span></em><span class="style96"><span class="style207">1912 Halldór Hermannsson</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/bibliographyofmy05hermuoft#page/n3/mode/2up" target="_blank">
Bibliography of the Mythical-Heroic Sagas</a></span></span></span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010535774;seq=433#view=1up;seq=433" target="_blank"><span class="style208">
Islandica Vol. V</span></a><br />
<br />
<span class="style97">Other Genres</span><br />
<br />
<span class="style56"><span class="style97">
<a href="FORNALDARSAGAS/RIDDARASOGURMAIN.html" name="Riddarasogur">Riddarasögur</a></span></span><br />
Knight's Sagas/Romances of Chivalry<br />
<br />
<span class="style236"> </span><span class="style97"><span class="style56"><span class="style163"><a href="http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ãiðreks_saga_af_Bern" target="_blank">Ãiðreks saga af Bern</a></span></span></span><br />
Guðni Jónsson, editor<br />
<br />
1715<span class="style56"> </span>
<a class="style69" href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Johan+Peringskiold%22&sa=X&ei=vkX8Ua-AJJDY8gTjp4D4Cw&ved=0CDMQ9AgwAA" style="cursor: pointer;">
Johan Peringskiold</a>, editor<br />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4e9DAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilkina+saga&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XkP_TsnvHMG4tweBrLHICg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=wilkina%20saga&f=false" target="_blank">
Wilkinasaga </a></span><br />
<br />
1815 <span class="style166">Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, editor</span><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FGYAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilkina+saga&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vkX8Ua-AJJDY8gTjp4D4Cw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=wilkina%20saga&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Wilkina- und Niflunga-Saga</span></a><br />
oder Dietrich von Bern und die Nibelungen<br />
<br />
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p style="color: #800000" class="style108">
</p>
<p style="color: #800000" class="style108">
<a name="Chronicles_and_Histories">CHRONICLES
AND HISTORIES</a></p>
<span class="style88"><span class="style97">Ancient Histories</span> <br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style101"><span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com" target="_blank">The Latin
Library</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1f.html" target="_blank">
The Internet Medieval Sourcebook</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style88">
<span class="style222">Tacitus</span></span><span class="style208">, </span> <em>
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/tacitus-germanygord.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Germania</span></a><span class="style208"> </span> </em>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Translated by Thomas Gordon,</span><em><span class="style208">
</span> </em><span class="style208">1910</span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/tac/index.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Works of Tacitus</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208"> </span><span class="style263">Translated by </span> <span id="main" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span id="search" style="VISIBILITY: visible" class="style263">Alfred Church and William
Brodribb </span></span><span class="style56"><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Jordanes,</span></span> <em>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=C5hJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=jordanes+gothic+history+mierow&hl=en&ei=5B5zTKObH8O78gaO9KH1Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=jordanes%20gothic%20history%20mierow&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Origin and Deeds of the Goths</span></a><span class="style208">,
</span> <br class="style208" />
</em><span class="style263">Translated by Charles C. Mierow,
1908</span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=mOjFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11&dq=jordanes+gothic+history+mierow&hl=en&ei=6R9zTLaKFYP98AbssvHeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=jordanes%20gothic%20history%20mierow&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Gothic History of Jordanes</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208"> </span><span class="style263">Translated by
Charles C. Mierow, 1915</span><span class="style56"><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Gregory of Tours (539-594):</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/gregory-hist.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">History of the Franks: Books I-X</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">Translated by Earnest Brehaut 1916. </span>
<br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Martin of Braga</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="works/De%20Correctione%20Rusticorum.html">De Correctione
Rusticorum</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/origo.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Origio Gentis Langobardorum</span></a><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">Paulus Diaconus
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="works/HistoriaLangobardum.html">Historia Langobardorum
</a></span></span>
<span class="style207">
<span class="style84">chs. 1-19</span></span><br class="style263" />
<span class="style263">with facing Latin text & </span> <em>
<span class="style263">Origio Gentis Langobardorum </span> </em>
<span class="style263">ch. 1</span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Paul the Deacon</span></span><span class="style208">,
</span> <em>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bjgNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=%22WILLIAM+DUDLEY+JOULKE,+LL.D.+%22&hl=en&ei=cCRzTKaYJ4H68Aa8n_C0Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22WILLIAM%20DUDLEY%20JOULKE%2C%20LL.D.%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The History of the Longobards</span></a></em><br class="style208" />
<span class="style84"><span class="style207">Translated by William D. Foulke
1907<!-- updated-3/2007 --></span></span> <span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Einhardi
</span>
</span>
<a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ein.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Vita
Karoli Magni</span></a><span class="style208"> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style292">
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/einhard.html" target="_blank">
Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">Translated by Samuel Epes Turner 1880</span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
</strong>
<span class="style208"><strong>Widukindus Corbeius</strong></span><strong><br class="style208" />
</strong><span class="style208">
<a href="http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost10/Widukind/wid_sax0.html" target="_blank">
<strong>Rerum gestarum Saxonicarum </strong></a></span><strong>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="f_viridis">
<span class="style84"><span class="style207">Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Edited by Paul Hirsch und Hans E. Lohmann, 1935</span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
</span>
</span></span>
<span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Rimbert,
</span>
</span>
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anskar.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Life of Anskar</span></a><span class="style96"><span class="style207">,
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">The Apostle of the North, 801-865</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Alucin (735-804) </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/Alcuin-willbrord.asp" target="_blank">
The Life of Willibrord,</a> c.796 </span> <br class="style207" />
</span><span class="style84">
<span class="style207">[ch. 15 introduces the god Forsite]</span><br class="style207" />
</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina:Scriptores_Minores_Historiae_Danicae_Medii_Aevi_vol_1.djvu/49" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Chronicon Lethrense</span></a><span class="style208"> [.</span><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Chronicon_Lethrense_.pdf" target="_blank"><span class="style208">pdf</span></a>]<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">Chronicle of the Kings of Lejre</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style263">
<a href="http://www.oe.eclipse.co.uk/nom/lejre.html" target="_blank">
partial translation</a></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">10th century
<br />
<a href="original/RUSILA.html">Rusiyyah of Ibn Fadlan </a><br />
James E. Montgomery's Translation<br />
</span></span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ibn_fdln.shtml" target="_blank">
Rusila of Ibn Fadhlan</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">presented by the Viking Answer Lady</span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br />
1999 Theodoricus Monachus<br />
Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium <br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Theodoricus.pdf" target="_blank">
The Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings</a><br />
</span>
<span class="style84">Translated and annotated by David and Ian
McDougall </span><span class="style96"> <br />
<br />
2006 Siân Grønlie<br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/IslKr.pdf" target="_blank">
Ãslendingabók. Kristni saga</a> <br />
The Book of the Icelanders <br />
</span>
<span class="style84">The Story of the Conversion<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">2010 Peter Jens Schjødt</span></span><br class="style208" />
</strong>
<span class="style15"><span class="style208"><strong>Ibn Fadlan's Account of a Rus Funeral:</strong></span></span><strong><br class="style239" />
</strong>
<span class="style15"><span class="style263"><strong>To What Degree Does it Reflect Norse Myth?</strong></span></span><strong><span class="style300">"</span><a href="works/PSJibnfadlan.html" target="_blank"><br class="style263" />
<span class="style263">(Review and Excerpt)</span></a><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1999 Christine Peel</span><br class="style208" />
</strong>
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Guta%20saga.pdf" target="_blank">
<strong>Gutasaga, The Saga of the Gotlanders</strong></a></span><strong><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">2004 Peter Tunstall</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208"><a href="works/Gutasagan.html">Gutarnas Krönika
eller Gutasagan </a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">The History of the Gotlanders</span><span class="style208"> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<br />
<span class="style208">11th Century <br />
Adam of Bremen</span><br class="style208" />
<b><em>
<a href="http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum</span></a><span class="style208">
</span> </em><span class="style208"><br />
[in Latin]</span><font size="+1"><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">***</span></span></font><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224194538/http://www.scribd.com/doc/41551125/Adam-of-Bremen" target="_blank">History of the Arch-Bishops of Hamburg-Bremen</a></span></b><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style263">English Translation by Francis Tschan, 1911</span><br />
<br />
<span class="style208">1673 Johannes Gerhard Scheffer </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style239">Lapponia: The History of Lappland<br />
</span>
<span class="style251">
<a href="MISCELLANEOUS/Lapponia.html">Excerpts on Pagan Worship </a>
</span><br />
<br />
<hr class="style23" style="height: 3px; width: 60%" />
<span class="style97"> <br />
<a name="The_Danish_History_of__Saxo_Grammaticus">The Danish History of
</a> </span><a name="The_Danish_History_of__Saxo_Grammaticus"><br class="style97" />
<span class="style97">Saxo Grammaticus</span></a><span class="style84"><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/SVIPDAGSMAL/SVIPDAGSMALMAIN.html">
<img height="340" src="images/saxo.jpg" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px" width="270" /></a>
<br />
<br />
</span><span class="style208">Saxo Grammaticus</span></strong>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://www2.kb.dk/elib/lit/dan/saxo/lat/or.dsr/" target="_blank">
<strong><span class="style92">Gesta Danorum</span></strong></a><div class="style65">
<strong>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1859 Petrus Erasmus Muller </span> </span>
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7WkrAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Saxonis&hl=en&ei=3f-OTJzEB8GqlAen0ezlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Saxonis Grammatici Historia Danica </span> </a> <br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1886 Alfred Holder. editor</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J4ESAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Saxonis+Grammatici+Gesta+Danorvm#v=onepage&q=Saxonis%20Grammatici%20Gesta%20Danorvm&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Saxonis Grammatici Gesta Danorvm</span></a><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1894
Oliver Elton Translation</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kPEeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22Swipdag,+now+that+he+had+slain+gram%22&hl=en&ei=Hot4TJDkKMOBlAfdz7zuCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Swipdag%2C%20now%20that%20he%20had%20slain%20gram%22&f=fals" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The First Nine Books of the </span> </a>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kPEeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22Swipdag,+now+that+he+had+slain+gram%22&hl=en&ei=Hot4TJDkKMOBlAfdz7zuCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Swipdag%2C%20now%20that%20he%20had%20slain%20gram%22&f=fals" target="_blank">
Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">The First English Translation of Saxo's Work<br />
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718011101/http://omacl.org/DanishHistory/" target="_blank">
Online Medieval and Classical Library</a> </span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
</div>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009033108/http://medlem.spray.se/abujaftiel/saxo00.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus</span></a><o:p><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style263">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009033108/http://medlem.spray.se/abujaftiel/saxo00.html" target="_blank">with facing Latin</a>
& the </span></o:p>
<span class="style263">Oliver Elton translation</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
*<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QWQUcg39P3wC&pg=PA67&dq=saxo+elton&hl=en&ei=qiVzTK7pE8L78AaDgdGmCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=saxo%20elton&f=false" target="_blank">The History of the Danes</a></span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">Translated by Peter Fisher </span>
<br class="style263" />
<span class="style263">with commentary
by Hilda Ellis Davidson<br />
<br />
</span> <br />
<hr class="style23" style="height: 2px; width: 60%" />
<h3 class="style108">
<a name="KINGS_CHRONICLES">KING'S CHRONICLES</a> </h3>
<span class="style301">Fagrskinna: </span><span class="style97"> <br />
</span><span class="style96">The 'Fair Skin' Manuscript</span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1<span class="style207">848 P. A. Munch, C. R. Unger, ed.
</span> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7mgTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=fagrskinna+much+unger&hl=en&ei=sw97TNOOGYSdlgeEvJzrCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">
<span class="style208">Fagrskinna</span></a> <br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1903 Finnur Jónsson </span>
<br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=fZkPAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=iJteTaCzH8igtweQ1-zdCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAjge#v=onepage&q&f=false">
<span class="style208">Fagrskinna</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=9004131728" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">*2004 Alison Finlay</span></span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SmJ8v1ENhg4C&pg=PA19&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false">
<span class="style208">Fagrskinna: A Catalog of the Kings of Norway</span></a><br class="style208" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style301">Morkinskinna:
</span>
<span class="style97"> <br />
</span>
<span class="style96">The 'Dark Skin' Manuscript</span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style208">1932 </span>
<a href="http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/morkinskinna.pdf">
<span class="style208">Morkinskinna</span></a> <br class="style208" />
<span class="style263">Edited by Finnur Jónsson</span><br class="style208" />
<img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=germmythtextt-20&l=as2&o=1&a=0801477832" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">*2000 Kari Ellen Gade</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DFNZmUrEVY8C&pg=PA497&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false">
Morkinskinna, The Earliest Icelandic </a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DFNZmUrEVY8C&pg=PA497&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false">
Chronicle of
the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157)</a></span></span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1910 Halldór Hermannsson</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015010535774?urlappend=%3Bseq=255">
Bibliography of the Sagas of the Kings of Norway</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<cite class="style289">
<a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015010535774?urlappend=%3Bseq=255">
and related sagas and tales</a></cite></span></span><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015010535774?urlappend=%3Bseq=255">
</a><br />
<br />
<p class="style256">
Heimskringla</p>
<h3 class="style108">
<span class="style208">Snorri Sturluson's </span>
<br class="style208" />
<em>
<a href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/heimskri.htm" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Heimskringla</span></a><span class="style208">
</span> </em> <span class="style208">(Old Icelandic)</span></h3>
<span class="style208">1780 Jim Johnstone<br />
<span class="style15">Anecdotes of Olave the Black, </span>
<br class="style15" />
<span class="style15">by Snorro Sturlson</span><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA6&dq=anecdotes+of+olave+black&id=Vp1bAAAAQAAJ#v=onepage&q=anecdotes%20of%20olave%20black&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. I</a><br />
<br />
Carl Christian Rafn</span><div style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px">
<h3 class="style111"><span class="style213">Oldnordiske Sagær
</span><span class="style293">(Old Icelandic)</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1826
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FsYXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA278&dq=oldnordisk+sag&hl=en&ei=S_DUTKTRNYXGlQfphPSCCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 1</a> Kong Olaf Tyggvesons Saga</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> 1827 <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DWQAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=oldnordiske&hl=en&ei=xIPUTMLvO4-p8Abd_6iBDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA">Volume 2
</a>Kong Olaf Tyggvesons Saga</span><br class="style207" />
</h3>
</div>
<span class="style96">
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1849 R. Keyser & C.R. Unger</h1>
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"> <h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=TFUEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=1LHYTNqoKsP_lgfXi8nMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwADhQ" target="_blank">
Olafs saga hins helga </h1>
</a>
</span><br class="style208" />
<em>
<span class="style109"><br class="style207" />
</span>
</em>
<span class="style222">P.A. Munch</span><em><span class="style15"><br class="style208" />
</span>
<span class="style85">
<span class="style239">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J5HYwjyfuIkC&pg=PR31&dq=Norges+kongesagaer&hl=en&ei=sJxeTZznNYrAtgfP-fmbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Norges%20kongesagaer&f=false" target="_blank">
Norges kongesagaer</a></span></span><span class="style109"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
</em>
<span class="style101"><span class="style207">Finnur Jónsson</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style239">Norges kongesagaer [Illustrated edition]</span><span class="style101"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8S9cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Norges+kongesagaer&hl=en&ei=sJxeTZznNYrAtgfP-fmbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. I-II</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gVUSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=jJleTYinJouWtweM7cy6DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Vol. III</a></span></span><em><span class="style15"><br class="style208" />
</span>
<span class="style239">
</span>
</em><span class="style97"><span class="style101">
<span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1889</span></span><span class="style99"><span class="style56"><span class="style96"><span class="style207">
Samuel Laing</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span></span>
<span class="style239">The Heimskringla</span>
<br class="style239" />
<span class="style56">
<span class="style263">Translated by</span></span><span class="style263"> Rasmus Björn Anderson </span>
</span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=AHjOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=heimskringla&hl=en&ei=Ix1zTLzrEYW8lQflnqBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume 1</a></span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZYBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=heimskringla&hl=en&ei=PBxzTLmJBYSKlweXsoxU&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Volume 2</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">Volume 3</span></a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207"> </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1893 EirÃkir Magnussón & William Morris
</span> </span>
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style260"><span class="style207">The Stories of the Kings of Norway
</span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">called The
Round World</span></span><br class="style239" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style213">Heimskringla (Saga Library 3-7)</span><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style208">
</span>
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXaWrlTc8hcC&pg=PA401&dq=earl+blind+frey&hl=en&ei=8-XUTKKeOcOC8gani_WbBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<strong>Vol. I</strong></a></span><strong><br class="style208" />
</strong>
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XXBBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA198&dq=olvir&hl=en&ei=zOrZTdeBEYa5tgeouPzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=olvir&f=false" target="_blank">
<strong>Vol. II</strong></a></span><strong><br class="style208" />
</strong>
<span class="style208"><strong>Vol. III</strong></span><strong><br class="style208" />
</strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kS4hSjGb0sAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kings+of+Norway+morris&hl=en&ei=DGXXTMm8K8GAlAeo8J39CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style208"><strong>Vol. IV</strong></span></a></span><strong><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br />
1991 Diana Whaley<br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/An%20Introduction.pdf" target="_blank">
Heimskringla. An Introduction </a><span class="style97">
</span>
<br />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">2011 Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style213">Heimskringla</span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Heimskringla%20I.pdf" target="_blank">Part I</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk//Heimskringla%20II.pdf" target="_blank">Part II</a><br />
<a href="http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk//Heimskringla%20III.pdf">Part III</a></span></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
<div class="style65">
<br />
</div>
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 68%; color: #800000" />
<br />
<span class="style99"><a href="#ARCHAEOLOGY" name="ARCHAEOLOGY">ARCHÃOLOGY</a></span><br />
<br />
<a href="works/uppsalatemple.html">
<img alt="" class="style86" height="192" src="images/uppsalatemple.jpg" width="268" /></a><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style128">
Archeological Sites</span><span class="style97"><br />
from the Heathen Era<br />
<div>
<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="works/uppsalatemple.html">The Temple at Old Uppsala</a></span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207"> </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="works/Lejretemple.html">The Temple at
Lejre, Denmark</a></span></span></span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<br />
<a href="original/ValloRingFortress.html">Vallø Borgring: Vallo
Ring-Fortress </a><br />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="original/RanheimSite.html">The Hof at Ranheim, Norway</a></span><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207"> </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="original/HofstadirHof.html" target="_blank">The Hof at Hofstaðir, Iceland</a></span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<a href="original/HjardarholtHall.html"><span class="style207">The Hall at Hjardarholt</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">and the Húsdrápa</span></a></span></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207"> </span> <br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84">
<strong><span class="style96"><span class="style207">2001 Terry Gunnell</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf" target="_blank">
Hof, Halls, Goðar and Dwarves- </a></span>
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style207">
<a href="https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf" target="_blank">
An Examination of the Ritual Space </a></span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf" target="_blank">
in the Pagan Icelandic Hall</a></span></strong></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style263">
</span>
</span>
</div>
</span>
<span class="style208">
<a href="MISCELLANEOUS/KivikGrave.html">The Kivik King's Grave</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style84">
<span class="style96">
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span></span></span></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style84">
<a href="http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/hochdorf/h_fund1d.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">
The Hochdorf Grave</span><span class="style239"> </span></a>
</span>
<a href="http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/hochdorf/h_fund1d.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style15"> <span class="style208">Goods</span></span></a><span class="style15"><span class="style84"><br class="style208" />
</span><span class="style96"><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/Gundestrup/kauldron.html" target="_blank">
The Gundestrup Cauldron</a></span></span></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.iceman.it/en/oetzi-the-iceman" target="_blank">Ãtzi,
The Ice-Man</a></span></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96"><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208">1848 Royal Society of Northern Antiquities of Copenhagen</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_lQCAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22K.+Nordiske+oldskrift-selskab,+Copenhagen%22&hl=en&ei=6KnDTMOtFcL68Aa3wKzUBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Guide to Northern Archæology </a></span>
</span>
<span class="style96">
<br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style208">
1888 Oscar Montelius</span><br class="style208" />
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large; font-family: Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cksTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=civilisation+of+sweden+heathen&hl=en&ei=x5WHTO6fK4nq9gTt24HgDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Civilisation of Sweden in Heathen Times</h1>
</a><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
1890
</span>
<span class="style294">Paul B. Du Chaillu</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style239">The Viking Age</span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RngJAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Paul+Belloni+Du+Chaillu%22&hl=en&ei=vJOHTNr3A4Ww9QSIoPjiDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume I</a></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0vsOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Viking+age&hl=en&ei=b5KHTMXeL4O28wSa2pDhDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Volume II</a></span><br class="style208" />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">1892 George H. Boehmer</span><br class="style208" />
<span id="search14" style="VISIBILITY: visible">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1BclAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA527&dq=%22prehistoric+naval+architecture%22&hl=en&ei=YcnkTKLBHIH6lwfc8Y2gCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22prehistoric%20naval%20architecture%22&f=false" target="_blank">
Prehistoric Naval Architecture </a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1BclAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA527&dq=%22prehistoric+naval+architecture%22&hl=en&ei=YcnkTKLBHIH6lwfc8Y2gCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22prehistoric%20naval%20architecture%22&f=false" target="_blank">
of the North of
Europe </a> </span> </span> </span>
<span class="style96">
<br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">1904 Gilbert Goudie</span></span><br class="style208" />
<span class="style96">
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IzvYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=Rune+Inscribed+Relics+of+the+Norsemen+in+Shetland&hl=en&ei=j9jUTIXtL8P48Aap6rGECQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Rune%20Inscribed%20Relics%20of%20the%20Norsemen%20in%20Shetland&f=false" target="_blank">
The Celtic and Scandinavian </a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=IzvYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=Rune+Inscribed+Relics+of+the+Norsemen+in+Shetland&hl=en&ei=j9jUTIXtL8P48Aap6rGECQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Rune%20Inscribed%20Relics%20of%20the%20Norsemen%20in%20Shetland&f=false" target="_blank">
Antiquities of
Shetland</a></span></span><br class="style208" />
</span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style207"> </span>
<br class="style207" />
</span><span class="style84">
<br />
<hr class="style15" style="width: 60%; height: 6px" />
</span>
</span>
<div>
<strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style128">
<a name="Evidence_of_Early_Astronomy">Evidence of Early Astronomy</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
<a href="ASTRONOMY/GermanicAstrology.html">
<img height="225" src="images/relic1.jpg" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px" width="315" /></a><br />
<span class="style96"><br />
</span>Peter Krüger's<br />
<span class="style128">
<a href="ASTRONOMY/GermanicAstrology.html" name="Astronomy">Germanic Astronomy</a></span><span class="style84"><br />
</span><span class="style96">An Attempt to Recover the<br />
Old Heathen Constellations of Northern Europe<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="style207">
<span class="style56">
<span class="style270">
Dr. Christopher E. Johnsen's</span><br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style207">
<span class="style282">Observations in</span><span class="style96"><span class="style97"><span class="style56"><span class="style128">
<br />
<a href="ASTRONOMY3/ASTRONOMYMAIN.html">Eddic Astronomy</a></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div>
<span class="style56"><span class="style207">
<span class="style96">
<span class="style97">
<span class="style270">
</span>1934 Otto Sigfrid Reuter</span></span></span><span class="style96"><span class="style97"><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style239">Germanische Himmelskunde</span><span class="style97"><span class="style56"><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"><a href="scholarship/ReuterStarMap.html">The Northern Nightime Sky </a>
<br />
<a href="scholarship/ReuterStarMap.html">in Germanic Tradition</a></span></span></span><span class="style96"><span class="style56"><span class="style207">
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">A Star-Map</span></span></div>
<p style="font-size: medium"><br class="style207" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style208">
<a href="http://www.donsmaps.com/skydisc.html">The Nebra Disc
Deciphered</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><span class="style84"><span class="style207">
</span> <br class="style207" />
</span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/ECT/Daymarks/">Scandinavian
Daymarks:</a></span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/ECT/Daymarks/"> Telling Time
Without a Clock</a> </span>
</span>
</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: medium"><span class="style97">
<span class="style96"> </p>
</span>
</span></strong>
</div>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style84">
<p class="style96">
<span class="style96">
Göran Henriksson</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.astro.uu.se/archast/Henriksson.pdf">The Pagan
Great Midwinter Sacrifice </a><br />
<a href="http://www.astro.uu.se/archast/Henriksson.pdf">and the
âRoyalâ Mounds at Old Uppsala</a></span><span class="style84">
</span>
</p>
<span class="style123"> <br />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/GRM31.html"><img alt="" height="195" src="PoeticEdda/images/algiz.jpg" width="248" style="border-width: 3px" /></a><br />
</span></span><span class="style128"><a name="RUNES" class="style56">RUNES</a></span><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style84">
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://www.arild-hauge.com/eindex.htm" target="_blank">Arild
Hauge's Rune Site</a></span></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style84"><span class="style96">A Collection of Runes and Rune Lore<br />
<br />
1854 C.C. Rafn</span></span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=edkKAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=SvyOTIeDNMGB8gbN54zJDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">Remarks on a Danish Runic Stone </span>
</a><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=edkKAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=SvyOTIeDNMGB8gbN54zJDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">from the Eleventh Century</span></a><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1868 George Stephens</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Oc8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR10&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Runic Hall in the Danish </a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Oc8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR10&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Old-Northern Museum</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1877 Eirikr Magnusson</span><br class="style96" />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7D0zAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&dq=%22MAECH+20,+1877,+%22&hl=en&ei=udYBTdriJMSBlAeX89m-CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22MAECH%2020%2C%201877%2C%20%22&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96">On a Runic Calendar found in Lapland in 1866</span></a><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1879
EirÃkr Magnússon <br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PSoIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Eir%C3%ADkr+Magn%C3%BAsson%22&hl=en&ei=IaBeTfS4KpK6tgelroylDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Description of a Norwegian Clog-Calendar</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1879 Gilbert Goudie</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_136_164.pdf" target="_blank">
On Rune Inscribed Relics of </a><br />
<a href="http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_136_164.pdf" target="_blank">
the Norsemen in
Shetland</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
</span>
</strong>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style96"><strong>1884 George Stephens</strong></span><strong><br class="style96" />
</strong>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q-5CAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22George+Stephens%22&hl=en&ei=8uXZTcC-HYO-tgfggvjoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
<span class="style96"><strong>Handbook of the Old-Northern </strong>
</span><strong><br class="style96" />
</strong><span class="style96"><strong>Runic Monuments of Scandinavia
and England </strong></span></a>
</span>
<strong>
<span class="style97">
<br class="style96" />
<br />
<span class="style208">1891 Viktor Rydberg</span><br class="style208" />
<a href="http://runeberg.org/gudasaga/0539.html" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">Hjältesagan om Rökstenen</span></a>
<br class="style208" />
</span><span class="style96">or</span><span class="style97">
<a href="http://vrsidor.se/PDF/RokstenEssay.pdf" target="_blank">
<span class="style208">The Heroic Saga on the Rök Stone</span></a>
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96"><br />
1894 George Stephens</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lyNXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Runes, Whence Came They</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1900 Elis Wadstein</span><br class="style96" />
<h1 class="title" dir="ltr" style="font-size: large">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=GiI7C6crYiIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=H9YBTcywNIbGlQe5mdnmCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Clermont Runic Casket</h1>
</a> <br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">(i.e. The Franks' Casket)</span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1910 George Tobias Flom</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=sj91AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+tobias+flom&hl=en&ei=M87kTMiBCYKclgeC9_WDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
The Kensington Runestone</a></span><br class="style96" />
<br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">1915 Bruce Dickins, ed.</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96">
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZV6eiZ8oHEYC&pg=PR3&dq=runic+and+heroic+poems+dickins&hl=en&ei=WXj4TN2HH4P58Abq2vDLAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">
Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples</a></span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style96"> <br />
1999 R. I. Page, editor</span><br class="style96" />
<span class="style143" style="text-underline: single;">
<span class="style96" style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">
<a href="http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/The%20Icelandic%20Rune-Poem.pdf" target="_blank">The Icelandic Rune-Poem</a></span></span><span class="style96"> <br />
<br />
1922 Eric Brate<br />
<a href="http://runeberg.org/runor/" target="_blank">Sverges
Runinskrifter </a>
<br />
Sweden's Runic Inscriptions w/illustrations<br />
<span class="style15"> </span><br />
<br />
2014 <a href="original/JOTUNVELLIR.html">Cypher Runes: <br />
Medieval Text Messaging and Early Encryption</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/" target="_blank">An
English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions</a><br />
<span class="style15">in the Younger Futhark</span><br />
</span>
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p>
<span class="style50">
<a href="viktor_rydberg/warburg1.pdf" name="VIKTOR_RYDBERG" target="_blank">
<span class="style128">VIKTOR RYDBERG</span></a><br class="style84" />
</span>Swedish Poet and Scholar<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">
[1828-1895]</p>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<p>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/main.html">
<img height="280" src="images/bust.jpg" style="width: 203px; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px" width="297" /></a> </p>
Viktor Rydberg<br class="style96" />
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/viktor_rydberg/viktor_rydberg.html">
The Complete
Mythological Works</a> <br class="style96" />
<span class="style56"><span class="style96">Including
Original Translations of
</span> <em><span class="style98"><br />
</span></em></span>
</span>
<span class="style283">Teutonic Mythology</span><span class="style245"><br />
(Investigations into Germanic Mythology Vol. I)<br />
</span>
<span class="style284">âandâ</span><span class="style245"><br />
</span><span class="style153">
<span class="style248">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/segersvardet/serial1.html">The
Sword of Victory</a></span><span class="style97"><span class="style208"><br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style15">(<span class="style153"><span class="style208">Segersvårdet) </span>
</span>
<br class="style98" />
<br />
</span><span class="style101"><span class="style15">
<span class="style100">
<a class="style57" href="http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/" target="_blank">
â¼ </a>
</span></span><span class="style123">1870 to Present</span><span class="style15">
<a class="style57" href="http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/" target="_blank">
<span class="style100">â¼ </span></a> <br class="style96" />
</span>
</span><span class="style56">
<span class="style269">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/main.html">Over a
Century of Scholarship</a></span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style101"><br class="style96" />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style101">
<span class="style96"><span class="style56">pertaining to Viktor Rydberg and his work</span><span class="style15"><br />
<br />
<span class="style207"> </span><span class="style258">Dispelling
Disinformation </span><br class="style98" />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style84">
<span class="style225">Exposing the truth behind the internet campaign </span><br class="style225" />
<span class="style225">to discredit Viktor Rydberg and his work </span>
</span>
<span class="style96">
<br class="style98" />
<br />
<table class="style192" style="width: 100%">
<tr>
<td class="style221" style="width: 70%">
<strong>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style97"><span class="style207">I.
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/cartoontext.html">
The Curious Case of </a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/cartoontext.html">
the
Mis-Captioned Cartoon</a>: </span> </span>
<span class="style96"> <br />
<span class="style110">"The Barbarians Enter the Forum"</span></span></span></strong></td>
</tr>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style15">
<span class="style96">
<tr>
<td class="style237" style="width: 70%">
<strong>
<span class="style15">
<span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<span class="style97"><span class="style207">II.
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/viktor_rydberg/rydbergandrace.html">Rydberg & Racism:</a></span></span></span><span class="style56"><br class="style248" />
<span class="style98">Exposing false allegations of 'Aryan' Racism
<br />
and Anti-Semitism
perpetrated by internet cults <br />
opposed to Rydberg's mythological thesis.</span></span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style237" style="width: 70%">
<br />
<span class="style15"><span class="style97">III.
<a href="viktor_rydberg/RudolfStrom.html">Was Viktor Rydberg Gay</a>?</span></span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>Examining the evidence for the post-modern theory<br />
in light of newly discovered letters.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</span> </span>
<span class="style96"><span class="style56">
<span class="style84"> </span></span>
</span>
<br />
<p>
<span class="style112">
<span class="style97">
<a class="style26" href="http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/" target="_blank">
The Viktor Rydberg Society </a>
</span></span><span class="style96">
<span class="style100">
<br />
<a class="style26" href="http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/" target="_blank">Viktor Rydberg-sällskapet</a></span><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style207">
<a href="http://vrsidor.se/eng/index.html" target="_blank">Viktor's Site</a></span><span class="style96">
<span class="style56"><br />
</span>
<span class="style153">His Life, His Books, His Face</span><span class="style56"><br />
by Tore Lund<strong><span class="style84"><br />
Author of <em>Den trogne smugglaren</em></span></strong></p>
</span>
</span>
<br />
<hr style="height: 5px; width: 75%; color: #800000" />
<p class="style97">
<a name="Original_Writings">ORIGINAL WORKS</a></p>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html"><img alt="" class="style83" height="574" src="images/Engelmann4Odin%20and%20Frigga.jpg" width="821" /></a><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style257"> </span></span><span class="style128"><a name="William_P._Reaves">William P. Reaves</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
<span class="style56">presents....</span><br />
<br />
<span class="style266">
<a href="original/AesirandElves.pdf" target="_blank">The Aesir and the
Elves</a></span><span class="style142"><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
</span><span class="style266">
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/ThorsStrength.html">
Ãsmegin: Thor's Might</a></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style149"><span class="style207">and the Belt of Strength</span><br class="style207" />
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style266">
<a href="original/Freyja%20and%20Odr%202008%20CULT%20OF%20FREYR%20AND%20FREYJA.pdf" target="_blank">
The Cult of Freyr and Freyja</a></span></span></span><span class="style153"><br class="style266" />
</span>
<br class="style266" />
<span class="style153"><span class="style142">
<a href="original/FreyjasCats.html"><span class="style207">Freyja's <em>fressa</em></span></a></span></span><span class="style96"><span class="style149"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">A car drawn by cats?</span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style207"> </span>
</span>
</span>
<table style="width: 100%">
<tr>
<td class="style217">
<strong>
<span class="style266">
<a href="original/Going%20to%20Hel.pdf" target="_blank">Going to Hel:
</a></span>
<span class="style96">
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">
<a href="original/Going%20to%20Hel.pdf" target="_blank">
The Consequences of a Heathen Life</a></span></span></strong><span class="style96"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="style142">
<a href="original/HeimdallBridgingtheGap.html">Heimdall:
Bridging the Gap</a></span><span class="style96"><br />
</span><span class="style149">The Life and Times of <br />
The
Guardian of the Gods <br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style153"><span class="style142">
<a href="original/Idavollr.html">In Search of the Iðavöllr</a></span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style149"><br />
The Place the Gods Gather <br />
</span><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
<span class="style280">
<strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html">
Odin's Wife: </a> </strong> </span><span class="style96">
<strong><br class="style207" />
</strong>
<span class="style207">
<strong>
<a href="http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html">Mother Earth
in Germanic
Mythology</a></strong></span></span><br />
</span>
<span class="style96">**
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Odins-Wife-Mother-Germanic-Mythology/dp/0578430428/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544340388&sr=8-2&keywords=odin%27s+wife" target="_blank">
Now in P</a><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Odins-Wife-Mother-Germanic-Mythology/dp/0578430428/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544340388&sr=8-2&keywords=odin%27s+wife"><span class="style15">rint</span></a>
**</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style265"></td>
</tr>
</span>
</span>
<tr>
<td class="style217"><strong><span class="style266">
<a href="original/cosmology1.html">Old Norse Cosmology</a></span><span class="style96"><br class="style207" />
<span class="style213">Images of Yggdrasil and the Nine Worlds</span></span></strong><span class="style97"><span class="style96"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<span class="style266"><a href="original/ThorsBurden.html">Thor's Burden</a></span><br class="style207" />
<span class="style239">The Trouble with Translating </span>
<br class="style239" />
<span class="style208"><span class="style15">â<em>minn ögur</em>â in
Hárbarðsljóð 13</span> </span><br />
<br class="style208" />
<span class="style208">
</span>
</span>
<a href="original/tyr_the_onehanded_who.html"><span class="style266">Týr
the One-Handed: </span> </a><br class="style208" />
<span class="style207">
</span>
<span class="style208">
</span>
<a href="original/tyr_the_onehanded_who.html">Who's Your Daddy?</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
</span>
<span class="style142"><a href="original/WhereOnEarthisAsgard.html">
Where on Earth is Asgard?</a></span><span class="style97"><br />
</span>
<span class="style153">What Snorri's Edda Really Says About Asgard</span><span class="style97"><br />
<br />
***<br />
<br />
Eysteinn Björnsson's
<span class="style96">
<br />
</span>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921130228/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/" target="_blank">Jörmungrund</a><br />
<span class="style96">
<br />
***<br />
<br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style56">
<span class="style128">Mats Wendt</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="style97">
<span class="style56">
<span class="style96">
presents</span></span><span class="style96"><span class="style153"><br />
</span> <a href="http://www.eddan.net/" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="style116" height="300" src="images/EDDAN.jpg" width="349" /></a><br />
</span>
The Complete Norse Mythology<br />
</span>
<span class="style96">Set to Music</span><span class="style97"><span class="style96"><br />
</span>
</span>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<span class="style242"><span class="style260">A Symphonic Suite in 158
parts<br />
</span></span><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<span class="style20">Over 16 hours of music<br />
</span></span>
</span>
</font><span class="style97"><span class="style96">
<br />
<br />
<hr class="style119" style="width: 40%; height: 3px; style69" /><br />
<span class="style128">
<a name="The_Heathen_Hoard">The
Heathen Host </a></span><br />
<br />
<span class="style270">
<a href="http://www.norroena.org/" target="_blank">The
Norroena Society</a></span><br />
</span>
</span>
<span class="style269">
<a href="https://norroena.org/product/the-asatru-edda-2nd-edition/" target="_blank">
The Asatru Edda</a> &
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1893 Odin by Georg C. Rosen</strong></span><span class="style97"><table class="style192" style="width: 100%" cellpadding="9">
<tr>
<td class="style234" style="width: 50%" valign="top">
<p style="margin-left: 40px">
<strong><span class="style98"><span class="style207">"Hétomk GrÃmr,
hétomk Gangleri, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Herian ok Hiálmberi, </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Ãekkr ok Ãriði, <br />
Ãuðr ok Uðr, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Helblindi ok Hár; </span></span></strong>
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<td class="style233" style="width: 50%" valign="top">
<p style="margin-left: 40px">
<strong class="style84">46.
âI am called Battle-mask, I am called Wanderer, War-lord and
Helm-bearer, Knowing and Third, Thund and Ud, <br />
Hel-blind and High, </strong></p>
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<p style="margin-left: 40px"><strong>
<span class="style96">
<span class="style98">
<span class="style207">Saðr ok Svipall <br />
ok Sanngetall, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Herteitr ok Hnikarr, </span>
<br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Bileygr, Báleygr, <br />
Bölverkr, Fiölnir, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">GrÃmr ok GrÃmnir, <br />
Glapsviðr ok Fiölsviðr;</span></span></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td class="style235" style="width: 50%" valign="top">
<p style="margin-left: 40px"><strong>47.
âTruth and Fleeting, and Truth-getter, <br />
Host-glad, Inciter, Feeble-eye, Blaze-eye, Bale-worker, Hider,
Battle-mask and Masked One, Seducer and Much-wise, </strong>
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<span class="style97">
<span class="style98"><span class="style207">SÃðhöttr, SÃðskeggr,
<br />
Sigföðr, Hnikuðr, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">Alföðr, Valföðr, <br />
AtrÃðr ok Farmatýr; </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">eino nafni <br />
hétomk aldregi, </span> <br class="style207" />
<span class="style207">sÃz ek með fólkom fór."</span></span></span></strong></p>
</td>
<td class="style235" style="width: 50%" valign="top">
<p style="margin-left: 40px"><strong>48.
âDrooping hat, Drooping-beard, Victory-father, Egger-on,
All-father, Corpse-father, Attacking-rider, Cargo-god, by one
name I have never been known, since I fared forth among the
folks.'</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="style203" colspan="2" valign="top" style="height: 60px"><strong>
<span class="style96"><span class="style153"><em>from GrÃmnismál</em> 46-48</span><br class="style153" />
</span><span class="style224">2011 Andy Orchard Translation</span></strong></td>
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**Now Available in Print**
**[Odin's Wife: Mother Earth in Germanic
Mythology](original/earthmother.html)
The Definitive Study of Odin's Wife,
Frigg
RESOURCES FOR RESEARCHERS**| **THE EDDAS**
**[The Poetic
Edda](#THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS) &
[The
Prose Edda](#ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_PROSE_EDDA)**
[**Eddic
Manuscripts**](#THE_POETIC_or_ELDER_EDDA_MANUSCRIPTS) / **[Manuscripts of Snorra Edda](#The_Eddas)**
**[Translations
into English](#ENGLISH_TRANSLATIONS_of_the_POETIC_EDDA) / [Individual
Eddic Poems](#Individual_Eddic_Poems_)** | **THE SAGAS**
**[Icelandic Sagas
and Thættir](#Icelandic_Sagas_and_Thattur "The prose tales of medieval Iceland gathered together")**
[**Fornaldarsögur**](#Fornaldarsögur_Norðurlanda_) **&
[Riddarasögur](#Riddarasogur)**
**[Landnámabók](#Landnámabók)** |
| **[Retellings & Illustration
Galleries](works/popularretellings.html)**
**[Skaldic Poetry](#Skaldic_Poetry),
[Folklore and Ballads](#Folklore_and_Ballads "Poetic Sources Related to the Eddas")**
**[Old
English](#OLD_ENGLISH _), [German](#GERMAN),
[Scandinavian](#SCANDINAVIAN)** | **[Chronicles and
Histories](#Chronicles_and_Histories "Eyewitness accounts of contemporary Germanic culture")**
**[Saxo
Grammaticus](#The_Danish_History_of__Saxo_Grammaticus), [King's Chronicles](#KINGS_CHRONICLES)**
**[The Holy Bible](BIBLE/HOLYBIBLEMAIN.html)** |
| **[Reference](#Resources "Invaluable Resources for Researchers") [Works](#Resources)**
**Dictionaries of Old Norse &
Germanic Languages** | **[Evidence of Early Astronomy](#Evidence_of_Early_Astronomy)**
[**Archaeological
Sites**](#ARCHAEOLOGY) **&** [**Rune
Studies**](#RUNES) |
| **[Scholarship](#Scholarship_&_Resources)**
**A Historical Survey of Old Norse
Scholarship** | **[Viktor Rydberg](#VIKTOR_RYDBERG "The Epic Mythology as told by Swedish poet and scholar, Viktor Rydberg")**
**The Life and Works of the Swedish
Polymath** |
| **[Indo-European Studies](#INDO-EUROPEAN_STUDIES "Comparative Linguistics and mythology")**
**Language, Culture and Religion** | **[Original Works](#Original_Writings "Original theories, essays and works are hosted here ")
by [William P. Reaves](#William_P._Reaves),
[Mats Wendt](http://www.eddan.net/),
[Eysteinn Björnsson](https://web.archive.org/web/20120921130228/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/), [The Heathen
Host](#The_Heathen_Hoard)** |
| **[The Nine Worlds of Norse
Mythology](original/cosmology1.html)
Exploring Old Norse Cosmology** | **[Genealogy of the Germanic Gods](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/FamilyTree.html)**
**by Geoffrey E. Gilbert** |
| **Click on the
categories above, or simply scroll down**
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**COSMOLOGY**
**[In Search of the Iðavöllr](original/Idavollr.html)
Turning Heaven Upside Down**
**[Old Norse
Cosmology](original/cosmology1.html)**
**The Nine Worlds Explored**
**[Where on Earth is Asgard?](original/WhereOnEarthisAsgard.html)
What Snorri's Edda Really Says About Asgard**
**[The Yggdrasil Chronicle](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/WorldTree.html)**
**Historic Images of The World-Tree
[Genealogy of the Germanic Gods](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/FamilyTree.html)
by Geoffrey E. Gilbert**
**THE EDDAS**
**THE PROSE or YOUNGER EDDAOLD ICELANDIC TEXTS
1665
[Edda, Islandorum
[an. Chr. 1215 islandice
conscripta](http://books.google.com/books?id=72k_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=YTe1TOaUNcP48Aa39pCIBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q&f=false)](http://books.google.com/books?id=72k_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=YTe1TOaUNcP48Aa39pCIBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBDgo#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1818 Rasmus Rask*,
[Snorra Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=BGcJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=rask+%22til+lesendanna%22+Edda&cd=5#v=onepage&q&f=false)*
*Edda Snorra Sturlusonar*
[1848 Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?pg=PP13&dq=%22EDDA+Snorra+Sturlusonar%22&id=Ph5bAAAAQAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[1852 Volume 2](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZBUGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22EDDA+Snorra+Sturlusonar%22&hl=en&ei=OoV4TK_HHsT38AaN0cT0Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[1880 Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=WHAJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA390&dq=H%C3%A1konar+H%C3%A1konarsonar&hl=en&ei=bh7UTN_eDous8Aad-Y21DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=H%C3%A1konar%20H%C3%A1konarsonar&f=false)
1880-1887
[Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=WHAJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+snorronis+sturl%C3%A6i#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1900 Finnur Jónsson
[Snorri Sturluson Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=JQnlUX-8GpgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=NjW1TJagCYP-8Aa-rJDoCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK)
1998 Anthony Faulkes, editor
[Prologue
and Gylfaginning](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-1.pdf)
Skáldskaparmál:
1:
[Introduction, Text and Notes](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-2a.pdf)
2:
[Glossary and Index of Names](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-2b.pdf)
[*S*](http://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/gg/index.html)[*norra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning*](https://web.archive.org/web/20160403040340/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/gg/index.html)
A comparative version containing all manuscripts
Snorri's Edda:The Prologue and Gylfaginning:
[The 4 Primary Manuscripts](http://www.germanicmythology.com/Gylfaginning/gg/index.html)
(side-by-side)
2007 Anthony Faulkes, editor
[Háttatal](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-3.pdf)
2nd Edition
[Ãulur](http://skaldic.arts.usyd.edu.au/db.php?if=default&table=poems&id=45): Lists of Names
1954
Guðni Jónsson
[Snorra Eddu](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Edda_Snorra_Sturlusonar)
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
of the PROSE EDDA
1770 Paul Henri Mallet
Northern Antiquities Vol. II.
contains a translation of the Prose Edda
by Bishop Thomas Percy
[Introduction](ProseEdda/Mallet1770Intro.html)
[THE EDDA](ProseEdda/Mallet1770Edda.html)
1842 George Webbe Dasent
[The Prose or Younger Edda](ProseEdda/DasantPROSEEDDA.html)
1879 Rasmus Anderson
[The Younger Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=hz1cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=anderson+edda&hl=en&ei=knXTTJL5JIL48Abs9unIDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
containing the extended
I. [Prologue](ProseEdda/AndersonPrologue.html) *from Codex Wormianus*
II. [Gylfaginninng](ProseEdda/AndersonGylfaginning.html)
III. Selections from
[Skáldskaparmál](ProseEdda/ANDERSONSkaldskaparmal.html)
1906 I.A. Blackwell
[The Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson](http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=%22THE+YOUNGER+EDDAS+OF+STURLESON.+%22&hl=en&ei=cwdnTOuxMMLflgeliv2fBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20YOUNGER%20EDDAS%20OF%20STURLESON.%20%22&f=false) 1916
Arthur Gilchrist
Brodeur
[The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson](http://books.google.com/books?id=Ls2F5i6_LeYC&pg=PR3&dq=%22ARTHUR+GILCHRIST+BRODEUR,+Ph.d.+%22+edda&hl=en&ei=qCS1TJ6ZAcH98AbjgrjICg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22ARTHUR%20GILCHRIST%20BRODEUR%2C%20Ph.d.%20%22%20edda&f=false)
[Facing Text Translation]
I.
[Prologue and Gylfaginning](ProseEdda/BRODEURPrologeandGylfaginning.html)
II.
[Skáldskaparmál](ProseEdda/BRODEURSkaldskaparmal.html)
1988 Anthony Faulkes
[Snorri Sturluson
Edda](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/EDDArestr.pdf)
2011 Anthony Faulkes
[Snorra Edda: The Uppsala Manuscript](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Uppsala%20Edda.pdf)
Old Norse Text with Facing English Translation
2007 Anthony Faulkes, editor. 2nd edtion
[Háttatal](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Edda-3.pdf)
---
THE POETIC or ELDER EDDA
MANUSCRIPTS
[Codex Regius no. 2365](http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html)
(Facsimile Edition)
The Primary Manuscript of the Eddic Poems
[Finnur Jónsson's text](http://books.google.com/books?id=1viLHxRSIfQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=6pdeTY_bHoqitgeV3OCWDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[How the
Codex Regius Manuscript
came to be known as the Elder or Poetic Edda](PoeticEdda2/CodexRegDisc.html)
[AM I no. 748](works/AM_no_748.html) (Facsimile
Edition)
Seven Eddic poems including *Baldurs draumar*
[Finnur Jónsson's text](http://books.google.com/books?id=L-MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=XJVeTbDSJoy_gQe5s_GfDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Hauksbók](http://books.google.com/books?id=qvw_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hauksb%C3%B3k&hl=en&ei=rSRfTZLvDcmitgf94YSdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
AM 544 4to
Contains a transcription of *Völuspá
p. 188ff.*
[Facsmile of the *Hauksbök* Manuscript](https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/imaging/en/AM04-0544#page/19v++(38+of+214)/mode/2up)
(*Völuspá* begins at 20 recto)*[Mainpage](https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/view/AM04-0544) at Handrit.is*
[Flateyjarbók](https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/view/is/GKS02-1005) GKS 1005 fol.
2v-3r
[Hyndluljod](https://handrit.is/en/manuscript/imaging/is/GKS02-1005/2v-3r#page/3r++(2+of+2)/mode/1up)
OLD ICELANDIC TEXTS
1787 *Edda Saemundar hinns fróda*
Arnemagnean Edition
[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=xtMTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da&hl=en&ei=262RTLHIIIL7lwe3rpinCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) 1787
[Volume 2](http://books.google.com/books?id=qCdbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da&hl=en&ei=262RTLHIIIL7lwe3rpinCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false) 1818
[Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=zLA_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da%22&hl=en&ei=-KFeTezEJoeDtgeg0KmYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false) 1828
1814 Frederich Heinrich von der Hagen
[Die Edda-Lieder und die Niebelungen](http://books.google.com/books?id=tGYAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR9&dq=eddalieder&hl=en&ei=YN_6TKz8GoP-8Aa7lLnDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1860 Theodor Möbius
[Edda Sæmundar hins fróða](http://books.google.com/books?id=oGUAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP2&dq=theodor+mobius+edda&hl=en&ei=peDUTJP8MMT7lwfC4JX-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1867 Sophus Bugge
NorrÅn Fornkvæði:
[Sæmundar Edda hins fróða](http://etext.old.no/Bugge/)
I.*[Excursus on Grógaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál](http://pw1.netcom.com/~kyamazak/myth/edda/bugge/bugge-svipdags-excurs-e.htm)*II*. [Against the authenticity of Hrafnagaldur Ãðins](PoeticEdda/HRGSOPHUSBUGGE.html)*
1868 Svend Grundtvig
[Sæmundar Edda hÃns fróða: Den Ãldre Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=JGgJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sven+Grundtvig%22&hl=en&ei=4tzUTITDIsL48Ab6vdz9Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1876 Karl Hildebrand[Die Lieder der Ãltern Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=DeIIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=theodor+mobius+edda&hl=en&ei=peDUTJP8MMT7lwfC4JX-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1888 Finnur Jónsson, E. Mögk
[Eddalieder Vol. I.](http://books.google.com/books?id=EAEYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=eddalieder&hl=en&ei=5N76TKiSMcP98AagqMSKCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1901 Barend Sijmons and Hugo Gering
Die Lieder der Edda
[Volume 1, Part 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=DGYSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA225&dq=lieder+der+edda+symons&hl=en&ei=yNj7TPnhE8Sp8AabvM3ECw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Mythological Poems
[Volume 1, Part 2](http://books.google.com/books?id=eWUSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=lieder+edda&hl=en&ei=iSXWTKTWEMOclgf8msj-CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false) Heroic Poems
1903 Wilhelm Ranisch
[Eddalieder: mit Grammatik,](http://books.google.com/books?id=Vh_SbQVVLjYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Grammatik,+%C3%9Cbersetzung+and+Erl%C3%A4uterungen&hl=en&ei=06ECTcbWJcSAlAe7m_HMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Ãbersetzung und Erläuterungen](http://books.google.com/books?id=Vh_SbQVVLjYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Grammatik,+%C3%9Cbersetzung+and+Erl%C3%A4uterungen&hl=en&ei=06ECTcbWJcSAlAe7m_HMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1903 F. Detter and R.
Heinzel
Sæmundar Edda[Vols. 1-2](http://books.google.com/books?id=13gPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR7&dq=%22F%C3%BCr+die+vorliegende+Ausgabe+sind+die+folgenden+Abdr%C3%BCcke+von+Handschriften+und+Ausgaben+benutzt+worden%22&hl=en&ei=0h_7TOG3AoL6lweOz8mcDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22F%C3%BCr%20die%20vorliegende%20Ausgabe%20sind%20die%20folgenden%20Abdr%C3%BCcke%20von%20Handschriften%20und%20Ausgaben%20benutzt%20worden%22&f=false)
1932 Finnur Jónsson
[Die Gamle Eddadigte](http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/eddadigte.pdf)
1956
Guðni Jónsson
[Eddukvæð](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Eddukvæði)[i](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Eddukvæði)
(Eddic Poems)
1983 Gustav Neckel[Die Lieder des Codex Regius](http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/germ/anord/edda/eddat.htm)
[Historic
Editions and Translations of
The Poetic Edda](works/eddiccollections.html)
in All Languages****---**
**ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
of the POETIC EDDA
1643:
[The
Discovery of
The Poetic Edda](PoeticEdda2/CodexRegDisc.html)****[The
Earliest English Translations of](http://www.germanicmythology.com/elderedda/eddicpoems.html)
[Individual Poems of the Poetic Edda](http://www.germanicmythology.com/elderedda/eddicpoems.html)
1796****Amos. S. Cottle
[Icelandic Poetry](http://books.google.com/books?id=pxoUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Icelandic+Poetry,+or+The+Edda+of+Saemund&source=bl&ots=fk-ycVAwEm&sig=Z4Q-tSIEHX78ZEFDhotphbcoMj4&hl=en&ei=6hFnTJbbM8WBlAfehOSeBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)[, or
The Edda of Saemund](http://books.google.com/books?id=pxoUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Icelandic+Poetry,+or+The+Edda+of+Saemund&source=bl&ots=fk-ycVAwEm&sig=Z4Q-tSIEHX78ZEFDhotphbcoMj4&hl=en&ei=6hFnTJbbM8WBlAfehOSeBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
**1865-66 Benjamin Thorpe
The Edda of Saemund the Learned
Part I:
[The Mythological Poems](http://books.google.com/books?id=BGYAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=%22OF+Sjemund+The+Learned%22&hl=en&ei=yQhnTKjmDIOdlgfKmdWhBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22OF%20Sjemund%20The%20Learned%22&f=false)*includes Hrafnagaldr Ãðins*
Part I:
[The Mythological Poems](works/ThorpeEdda/ThorpeMAIN.html)
(e-texts)
Part II:
[The Heroic Poems](http://books.google.com/books?id=WGUCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP5&dq=%22FROM+the+old+norse+or+icelandic+with+an+index+op+peesons%22&hl=en&ei=JQVnTNT3E4P7lwf0_N2gBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22FROM%20the%20old%20norse%20or%20icelandic%20with%20an%20index%20op%20peesons%22&f=false)
*\*\*\**
Reissued abridged and rearranged by
The NorrÅna Society in 1906 as**
[**The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson**](http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1&lpg=PR1&dq=%22OF+SAEMUND+SIGFUSSON.+Translated+from+the+Original+Old+Norse+%22&source=bl&ots=ergFbt75O7&sig=f6eJLL6gzCzux3fJrdNdMvGS03s&hl=en&ei=cAZnTNPWAsGAlAfHu4mfBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22OF%20SAEMUND%20SIGFUSSON.%20Translated%20from%20the%20Original%20Old%20Norse%20%22&f=false)
**by Benjamin Thorpe**
**and the
[Younger Edda of Snorre Sturluson](http://books.google.com/books?id=JcYLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=%22THE+YOUNGER+EDDAS+OF+STURLESON.+%22&hl=en&ei=cwdnTOuxMMLflgeliv2fBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20YOUNGER%20EDDAS%20OF%20STURLESON.%20%22&f=false)
by I.A. Blackwell**
**1883 Gudbrand Vigfusson
Corpus Poeticum Boreale
[Volume
1:](http://books.google.com/books?id=2PYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR13&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false) Eddic Poetry**
**[Volume 2:](http://books.google.com/books?id=ymQJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=corpus+poeticum+court+poetry&hl=en&ei=IvOOTMX4LcH48Aaah-iCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) Court Poetry
1908 Olive Bray
[The Elder or Poetic Edda](http://www.archive.org/stream/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft#page/n5/mode/2up)*Commonly known as Saemund's Edda*
[The Elder or Poetic Edda](http://www.archive.org/details/elderorpoeticedd01brayuoft)(multiple
formats)**
**1923 Henry
Adams Bellows
*[The Poetic
Edda](http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/)***
**Voluspa.org****[The
Poetic Edda](https://www.voluspa.org/poeticedda.htm)**
**1919 Lee M. Hollander
"[Concerning
a Proposed](works/Hollander%20Proposed%20Translation.html)
[Translation of the Edda](works/Hollander%20Proposed%20Translation.html)"
1962 Lee M. Hollander
[The Poetic Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=EDleOi81RXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=poetic+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CLf9UfiTBZK88wScg4CoDA&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=poetic%20edda&f=false)
(Preview Only)**
**1989 Patricia Terry**
**[Poems of the Elder Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=dwFk82wzkkwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=aqyRTMiyJ4K78gaMmfzZBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Revised edition
1996 Carolyne Larrington
[The Poetic Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=nBzuQZ4MCPIC&pg=PA107&dq=nidud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Mbb9UdTwK4fm8gSg74DoDQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=nidud&f=false)
(Preview Only)
Carolyne Larrington
[Old Norse Made New](scholarship/LarringtonEdda.html)
Translating the Poetic Edda into English
(A historic overview of Eddic translation)
2011 Andy Orchard
The Elder Edda: A Book of Viking Lore
[A Review by
Haukur Ãorgeirsson](scholarship/OrchardEddaReview.html)
[Translations
of the Poetic Edda](works/eddiccollections.html)
in Languages other than English
[French, German, Spanish, Danish and Swedish]**
---
**Individual Eddic Poems**
**[Völuspá](PoeticEdda/Voluspa.html):
A Study Guide
[Hávamál](PoeticEdda2/Havamal.html):
A Study Guide
[GrÃmnismál](http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Grimnismal.html):
A Study Guide
[Ãrymskviða](PoeticEdda/Thrymskvida.html):
A Study Guide
[Svipdagsmál](SVIPDAGSMAL/SVIPDAGSMALMAIN.html):
Gróugaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál
A Study Guide
[Hrafnagaldur Ãðins](PoeticEdda/Hrafnagaldr%20Odins.html):
A Study Guide
The "Lost" Eddic Poem
Reclaimed
with Texts, Translations and Scholarship
[Baldrs Draumar](works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html)
*[or](works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html)* [Vegtamskviða](works/elderedda/vegtamskvida.html)
[Hymiskviða](https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100347/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/hymir/index.html):
A Critical Edition
[Sólarljóð:](works/songofthesun.html)
[The Song of the Sun](works/songofthesun.html)
[Gunnarsslagr:](PoeticEdda/gunnarsslagr.html)
[An Apocryphal Eddic
Poem](PoeticEdda/gunnarsslagr.html)
| |
| --- |
|
**Commentaries
1986 David A. H. Evans** |
[Hávamál](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Havamal.pdf)
2008 Clive Tolley
[Grottasöngr](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Grottasongr.pdf)**
|
---
**Skaldic Poetry**
**ICELANDIC TEXTS**
**[The
Skaldic Project Database](https://skaldic.org/skaldic/m.php?p=skpeditors)**
**1801 Thorlacius
[Höstlangæ et Thorsdrapæ](http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10036681_00005.html)
[Haustlöng and Thorsdrapa]
1870 Theodor Wisén
#
[Ãrval af norrænum fornkvæðum](http://books.google.com/books?id=pAcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=N__7TMaFPIH68AbG9ZXACw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false)
[handa hinum bókmennta-iðkendum](http://books.google.com/books?id=pAcYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=N__7TMaFPIH68AbG9ZXACw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false)
1893 Finnur Jónsson
#
[Carmina Norroena](http://books.google.com/books?id=dAgYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA169&dq=Haustl%C3%B6ng&hl=en&ei=BgD8TP_GN86s8AaAkaTeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Haustl%C3%B6ng&f=false)
English Translations
of Skaldic Poetry**
**1763 Thomas Percy
[Five Pieces of Runic Poetry](http://books.google.com/books?id=fFMJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=percy+five+runic+poems&hl=en&ei=o9b6TLSkCsO78gau1L2hCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
**1867 GrÃmur Thomsen
[On the Character of the Old Northern Poetry](http://books.google.com/books?id=hvMaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58&dq=On+Toe+Character+Of+The+Old+Northern+Poetrv.&hl=en&ei=qHb4TKW_HIP58AawnMz7Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=On%20Toe%20Character%20Of%20The%20Old%20Northern%20Poetrv.&f=false)
#
North British Review, 46-47, p. 77
includes a full translation of Hákonarmál
1782 James Johnstone
[Lodbrokar-Quida or
The Death-Song of Ragnar Lodbrog](http://books.google.com/books?id=TV9MAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22James+Johnstone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3VteVKjiGOXnsAS85YC4Aw&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCDge#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1883 Gudbrand Vigfusson
*Corpus Poeticum Boreale*
[Volume
1:](http://books.google.com/books?id=2PYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR13&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false) Eddic Poetry
[Volume 2:](http://books.google.com/books?id=ymQJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=corpus+poeticum+court+poetry&hl=en&ei=IvOOTMX4LcH48Aaah-iCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) Court Poetry
1922 Nora Chadwick
[Anglo-Saxon and Norse Poems](http://books.google.com/books?id=RXe5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA203&dq=forn+manna+saga&hl=en&ei=RvCOTK2aLsG78gaCruyoDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=forn%20manna%20saga&f=false)
1936 Lee Milton Hollander
[Old
Norse Poems:](http://books.google.com/books?id=PUzazIlboAcC&pg=PA1&dq=anglo-saxon+norse+poetry&hl=en&ei=3ACPTIniGcSBlAeK4OngDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=anglo-saxon%20norse%20poetry&f=false)
The Most Important Non-Skaldic Verse**
**Ãórsdrápa /
[Thor's drapa](https://web.archive.org/web/20151228024633/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/thorsd00.html)
A Critical Edition
Eysteinn Björnsson's
[Lexicon of Kennings](https://web.archive.org/web/20130517223129/https://notendur.hi.is//~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/kennings.html)
Based on the work of Rudolf Meisner
---
CREATIVE MYTHOLOGY**
**[Popular Retellings of Norse Myths](works/popularretellings.html)**
& [Classic
Illustration Galleries](works/popularretellings.html)**The Largest Gallery
of Norse
Mythological-Themed Artwork Online
[](works/POGONYART.html)**
**[Heimdall and Hnossa](works/POGONYART.html)*by Willie Pogány*
---
FOLKLORE, POETRY AND
BALLADS
OLD ENGLISH
Modern Translations
1835 John Kemble
[The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf,
The Travellers Song and the Battle of Finnesburg](http://books.google.com/books?id=8WsAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA250&dq=muspelli&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QhfMU5ivIImdyASjkoD4Dw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=muspelli&f=false)
Text and Dictionary**
**1842 Benjamin Thorpe
[Codex Exoniensis](http://books.google.com/books?id=5GYAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=codex+exoniensis&hl=en&ei=C8rkTKDaEIKclge85KDhCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) (The Exeter Book)
A Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry
1855 Benjamin Thorpe
[The Anglo-Saxon Poems of](http://books.google.com/books?id=l6IYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+beowulf&hl=en&ei=1KGRTIWQGsKB8garuIWRBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Beowulf](http://books.google.com/books?id=l6IYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+beowulf&hl=en&ei=1KGRTIWQGsKB8garuIWRBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
with Widsith and the Finnsburg Fragment
1860 George Stephens
[Two Leaves of King Waldere's Lay](http://books.google.com/books?id=TPsFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22two+leaves+of%22+lay&hl=en&ei=1m9bTZzPLpK-tgeC0ZXNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1885 James M. Garnett
[Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Poem and
The Fight at Finnsburg](http://books.google.com/books?id=K7z3_qvL-9wC&pg=PR14&dq=Beowulf:+an+Anglo-Saxon+poem+garnet&hl=en&ei=hoCBTdfZJcWbtwfb0LzMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1907 William Henry
Crawshaw
#
[The Making of English Literature](http://books.google.com/books?id=WXwPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+making+of+English+literature+By+William+Henry+Crawshaw&hl=en&ei=6szkTOuwG4OglAefgZmkCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1911 Albert S. Cook
[A Concordance to Beowulf](http://www.archive.org/stream/concordancetobeo00cookuoft#page/90/mode/2up)
1914 A. J. Wyatt & R. W. Chambers
[Beowulf with the Finnsburg Fragment](http://books.google.com/books?id=VhRAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+with+the+finnsburg+fragment&hl=en&ei=-H-BTcDRDIqCtgeXs823BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1918 Cosette Faust & Sith Thompson
[Old English Poems Translated](http://books.google.com/books?id=iCUPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Charm+Remedy+Field+Anglo-Saxon&hl=en&ei=XsvkTIHaLsH_lgf1xrXDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[into the Original Meter](http://books.google.com/books?id=iCUPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Charm+Remedy+Field+Anglo-Saxon&hl=en&ei=XsvkTIHaLsH_lgf1xrXDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Contains a full translation of the Aecerbot pp. 38ff.
1921 Raymond Wilson Chambers
[Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem](http://books.google.com/books?id=PlA5AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+and+introduction+chambers&hl=en&ei=PYPUTLBMgv_wBr2wtNMF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1977 Howell D. Chickering
#
[Beowulf: a Dual-Language Edition](http://books.google.com/books?id=JKWFG1MipAEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=beowulf+chickering&source=bl&ots=D7-_tW-yXM&sig=WmNMoYDjivtLABy9ycWs3mqfpC4&hl=en&ei=5paHTO_1I4T68Aaw8JHKAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
2002 Benjamin Slade
[Beowulf: Text with
Facing Translation](http://www.heorot.dk/beo-intro-rede.html)
[Charm for a
Sudden Stitch](http://www.heorot.dk/stitch-i.html)
[Deor: Text
with Facing Translation](http://www.heorot.dk/deor-i.html)
[Waldere:
Text with Facing Translation](http://www.heorot.dk/waldere-i.html)
[Woden's Nine Herbs Charm](http://www.heorot.dk/woden-9herbs-i.html)
[Widsith](http://www.soton.ac.uk/~enm/widsith.htm)
2002 Alexander
M. Bruce
[Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0815339046?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creativeASIN=0815339046&linkCode=xm2&tag=germmythtextt-20)
GERMAN
9th Century
[Muspilli](http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/germanica/Chronologie/09Jh/Muspilli/mus_frag.html)
[English Translation](https://web.archive.org/web/20120427231622/http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/mellor/myth/pdf_files/muspilli.pdf)
10th century
[The Merseburg Charms](works/merseburgcharms.html)
Text and Translation
15th-16th centuries
[Das
Heldenbuch](works/heldenbuch.html)
The Book of Heroes
**Texts, Translations, Scholarship**
1768-1830
[Fredrich David Gräter](elderedda/IdunnaundHermode.html)
Publisher of *Bragur* and
*Idunna and Hermode*
1814 Henry Weber
[Illustrations of Northern Antiquitities](http://books.google.com/books?id=lfshAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Illustrations+of+Northern+Antiquities&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wHLfUYirK67H4AOLuIDYCw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA)
Abstract of the Book of Heroes and the Nibelungen Lay
1816 Karl Lachmann
[Nibelungen Noth](http://books.google.com/books?id=bRwwAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=nibelungen+noth+lachmann&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_UP_To7lHY6Etge_y6zQBg&ved=0CG4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1854 Karl Simrock
[Bertha die Spinerinn](http://books.google.com/books?id=7j87AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bertha++simrock&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FXHfUcHTHo_j4APyyYHADw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ)
1857-58 Franz
Xaver von Schönwerth
Aus der Oberpfalz
Sitten und Sagen
(in German)
[Vol. I](http://books.google.com/books?id=hk9BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Aus+der+Oberpfalz+Sitten+und+Sagen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uIkGUsT1Mojq2QXsiYHQAg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Aus%20der%20Oberpfalz%20Sitten%20und%20Sagen&f=false) (Customs)
[Vol. II](http://books.google.com/books?id=AUgWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Aus+der+Oberpfalz+Sitten+und+Sagen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uIkGUsT1Mojq2QXsiYHQAg&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Aus%20der%20Oberpfalz%20Sitten%20und%20Sagen&f=false) (Mythology)
1864 Emma Letherbrow
[Gudrun: A Story of the North Sea](http://books.google.com/books?id=C6EYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gudrun&hl=en&ei=7dABTYm2GYO8lQfWtazPCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1892 Marion Dexter Learned [The Saga of Walther of Aquitaine](http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=saga#q=saga&hl=en&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1,bkv:f&ei=e6vYTNi7GcX_lge8_rGHCQ&start=50&sa=N&fp=aee8d1be991f5977)
1878 Eduard Sievers
[Heliand](http://books.google.com/books?id=ey7IpblmQjkC&pg=PA3&dq=%22Pr%C5%93fat%C3%AEo+in+librnm+Antiquum+lingua+Saxonica+conscriptum%22&hl=en&ei=p8KnTM6sGML88AaDvOD9DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Pr%C5%93fat%C3%AEo%20in%20librnm%20Antiquum%20lingua%20Saxonica%20conscriptum%22&f=false) (in Old Saxon)
1882 Otto Behaghel
[The Old Saxon Heliand](http://books.google.com/books?id=-awZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Otto+Behaghel%22+heliand&source=bl&ots=4IRai4LKJn&sig=QUcnc6MNzblTPRSonnEfMtPdHdU&hl=en&ei=9sOnTK6ZGMWclgeZhJG3DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[The Old Saxon Heliand](http://artsci.wustl.edu/~bkessler/OS-Heliand/ "Based on the edition of Otto Behaghel 1882")
**1969 Mariana Scott
[Heliand with Facing Text English Translation](https://www.hieronymus.us.com/latinweb/Mediaevum/Heliand.htm)**
1909 Daniel B. Shumway
[The Nibelungenlied](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718003647/http://omacl.org/Nibelungenlied/)
1902 Otto Luitpold Jiriczek
[Northern Hero Legends](http://books.google.com/books?id=OVMmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51&dq=brisingamen&hl=en&ei=srvRTqnJHsyutwf2-PWuDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=brisingamen&f=false)
2003 Erika Timm with Adolf Beckmann
[Frau
Holle, Frau Percht
and Related Figures](original/FRAUHOLLE_TIMM.html)
A Distribution Map of her Legends
2004 Edward R. Haymes
[The
Germanic Heldenlied and the Poetic Edda:](https://journal.oraltradition.org/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/19i/Haymes.pdf)
[Speculations on Preliterary
History](http://journal.oraltradition.org/files/articles/19i/Haymes.pdf)
Oral Tradition,
[Volume 19,
Number 1](http://journal.oraltradition.org/issues/19i)
2007 Heidi Graw
[*King Rother*: An
English Translation](original/KonigRotherHGRaw.html)
The earliest Spielmannepos (c. 1190 AD)
**2009 Heidi Graw *[Orendel](works/ORENDELHEIDIGRAW2007.html)* [: An English Translation](works/ORENDELHEIDIGRAW2007.html)**
Middle High German Spielmannspos (12th century)
[Frau Holle & Krumme Jakob:A Bavarian Legend](original/FrauHulleBavarianLegend.html)SCANDINAVIAN *[**Medieval S**candinavian Ballads](Ballads/BalladsMain.html)*with mythological themes
**1834-1842
[Adolf
Iwar Arwidsson](http://runeberg.org/authors/arvidado.html)***[Svenska Fornsånger](http://runeberg.org/fornsang/)*
***Svenska folkvisor från forntiden***
edited by Erik Gustaf Geijer, Arvid August
Afzelius
1848
[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=rGEJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR30&dq=svenska+folkvisor&lr=&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q=svenska%20folkvisor&f=false)
1880[Volume 2](http://books.google.com/books?pg=PR6&dq=arvid+geijer&lr=&id=WGgJAAAAQAAJ&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Svend Grundtvig
*Danmarks Gamle Folkeviser*****1853
[Volume I](http://books.google.com/books?id=VUhSAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2BLGUaecHYee9QTg6YHwCQ&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser&f=false)
1856
[Volume II](http://books.google.com/books?id=4VUMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+2&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MuXFUeaGEZHc8wS9loH4BQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
(70.
[Ungen Svendal](http://books.google.com/books?id=4VUMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA238&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+ungen+svendal+recension&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BBTGUc-gJIPs8QS9o4GIAQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20ungen%20svendal%20recension&f=false) )
1862
[Volume III](http://books.google.com/books?id=HUBNAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+3&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AObFUZ21MYTc8wTkkoDYDw&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=grundtvig%20Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20volume%203&f=false)
1883
[Volume IV](http://books.google.com/books?id=yxIMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=grundtvig+Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zhXGUdH9GI-29gS1roDoCA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=grundtvig%20Danmarks%20Gamle%20Folkeviser%20volume%204&f=false)
1877-1890
[Volume V](http://books.google.com/books?id=xSVRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Danmarks+Gamle+Folkeviser+volume+3&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QBTGUePCFpOE9QS0l4HICQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1867 Sophus Bugge
[Excursus
on Gróugaldr and Fjölsvinnsmál](PoeticEdda/FSMExcursus.html)
with English translations of portions of the ballad of Svendal**
[Didriks Chronicle âSvava](http://www.badenhausen.net/harz/svava/SvavaNi_en.htm)
Dietrich's ChronicleâSvava
Skokloster-Codex I
115 & 116 quarto, *E 9013*,
K 45, 4o
Text by Oscar Hyltén-Cavallius
English by Rolf Badenhausen
---
REFERENCE WORKS
[The Germanic Lexicon Project](http://www.germanic-lexicon-project.org/etc/aa_texts.html)
[ONP:
Dictionary of Old Norse Prose](https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?o)
[Manuscript
Index](https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?m) / [Works Index](https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?v)
1874
Richard Cleasby & Gudbrand Vigfusson
1.
[An Icelandic-English Dictionary](http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html)
2.
[An Icelandic-English Dictionary](http://germanicmythology.com/Cleasby/dct/cleasby/index.html)
(Interactive)
Sveinbjörn Egilsson
*[Lexicon
Poeticum](http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index.php)*
The editions of
[1860,](http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=l&page=-51&ext=png)
[1913-16,](http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=l&page=-51&ext=png) &
[1932](http://www.septentrionalia.net/lex/index2.php?book=e&page=-15&ext=png)
1845 James S. Ferrall & Ãorleifur Guðmundsson Repp
[A Danish-English Dictionary](http://books.google.com/books?id=lxcJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA418&lpg=PA418&dq=Tendents+danish-english&source=web&ots=l4tMU15iTQ&sig=Ej2ub1GrlXRY4PpZtOipIuCcmq0&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1887 Hugo Gering [Glossar zu den Liedern der Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=1y8rAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+s%C3%A6mundar&hl=en&ei=-nnUTPaVBIP98AbEkoGpCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1903 Hugo Gering
#
[Vollständiges Wörterbuch zu den Liedern der Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=IZrNEOhmntUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=vollst%C3%A4ndiges+W%C3%B6rterbuch+edda&hl=en&ei=qQPmTMfSM4a0lQe-0bj3Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Complete Dictionary of the Poems of the Edda
1910 Geir T. Zöega
[A
Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic](http://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html) (e-text)
[A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic](http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oi_zoega_about.html) (Text Scan)
[A
Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic](https://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html) (Interactive)
1898 Joseph Bosworth & T. Northcote Toller
[Anglo-Saxon Dictionary](http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_bosworthtoller_about.html) (e-text)
[Anglo-Saxon Dictionary](http://beowulf.engl.uky.edu/~kiernan/BT/bosworth.htm) (Text Scan)
[Anglo-Saxon Dictionary](http://books.google.com/books?id=pKbRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=bosworth+toller+anglo+saxon+dictionary&source=bl&ots=m2KhO0A7Wr&sig=17Zs8MqTjebm8-74Ee7eWRx8Lzc&hl=en&ei=LsrJTPPYO8GC8gabrP3XAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
(Text Scan)
1916
John R. Clark Hall
[A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary](http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oe_clarkhall_about.html)
[Dictionary of Old Icelandic Personal Names](https://norse.ulver.com/dct/names.html) (Russian)
**---
**[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/songofthesun.html)**
SCHOLARSHIP
1770 Paul Henri Mallet
Northern Antiquities**
**[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=fXs2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=mallet+northern+antiquities&hl=en&ei=EUijTMi4E4H88AbavJClCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false) 1770
[Volume](http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=mallet+northern+antiquities)
[1](http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=mallet+northern+antiquities) Reprinted 1809
1770 Joseph Banks
[Letters on Iceland](http://books.google.com/books?id=PY1JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR17&dq=ethica+odini&hl=en&ei=G4iBTaL4NoeCtgf_3KjPBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=ethica%20odini&f=false)
19th Century Scholarship
1828 Finn Magnusson
[The Edda Doctrine and Its Origin](http://books.google.com/books?id=sdgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA210&dq=%22art.+vii.%E2%80%94fddalairen+og+dens+oprindelse%22&hl=en&ei=3c8BTbbnOcWBlAfW0IDvCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
**Wilhelm Grimm*,
Die Deutsche Heldensage*
[1829
First Edition](http://books.google.com/books?id=HY46AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2&dq=Deutsche+Heldensage&hl=en&ei=QaaHTPG2OJTM9gT4zaTgDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[1889 Third Edition](http://books.google.com/books?id=Nlw4GokviO0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilhelm+grimm+deutsches&hl=en&ei=aQFzTKy5PMOBlAfYrYXsDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=wilhelm%20grimm%20deutsches&f=false)
Jacob Grimm *Deutsche Mythologie*
[1835 edition](http://books.google.com/books?id=qxxbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Deutsche+Mythologie%22&hl=en&ei=QyNzTPSVH8H98AaCr_n_DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
*-or-*Jacob Grimm's
Teutonic Mythology
Translated by James Stalleybrass
[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=neQtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR8&lpg=PR8&dq=grimm+stallybrass+%22teutonic+mythology%22&source=bl&ots=ACJ1mhd_2S&sig=pu0A7mizjRuckl45JVuH3pTx1m0#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Volume 2](http://books.google.com/books?id=Yy4VAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA437&dq=%22TRANSLATED+FEOM+THE+FOURTH+EDITION.%22&hl=en&ei=sCFzTLaLL4T48Aak2sT-DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22TRANSLATED%20FEOM%20THE%20FOURTH%20EDITION.%22&f=false)
[Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR5&dq=%22now+that+I+am+able+to+put+my+germinated+sprout%22&hl=en&ei=JSJzTMmxJcT48AaS2L3iCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22now%20that%20I%20am%20able%20to%20put%20my%20germinated%20sprout%22&f=false)
[Volume 4](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZRwAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1277&dq=%22still+uses+heathen+in+the+sense+of+rustici%22&hl=en&ei=kyJzTKTcGIH48Abjm-DKDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22still%20uses%20heathen%20in%20the%20sense%20of%20rustici%22&f=false)
1839 Grenville Pigott
[A Manual of Scandinavaian Mythology](http://books.google.com/books?id=Zh2vBefcXRQC&pg=PA47&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=vrIdTszfMaPt0gG2uKmyBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=pagan%20scandinavia&f=false)
1847 George Bernard Depping & Francisque
Michel
[Wayland Smith: A Dissertation](http://books.google.com/books?id=NShcAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Adam+Gottlob+Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger%22&hl=en&ei=575PTenGDYGdlgfLiakx&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
on a Tradition of the Middle Ages
1851 Benjamin Thorpe
*[Northern Mythology](http://books.google.com/books?id=q1oAAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=benjamin+thorpe+comprising+the+principle+northern+mythology&source=bl&ots=lW7rk5Ag0t&sig=qfV9p4XQUWBReLVncDoRNx0pN6M&hl=en&ei=79hmTL-QI4P7lweW_N2gBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)*
1852 William & Mary Howitt
[The Literature and Romance](http://books.google.com/books?id=kaMFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22HISTORIES,+ROMANCES,+POPULAR+LEGENDS+AND+TALES,+O%22&hl=en&ei=loWRTIfiKIH_8AaF-LndBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[of Northern Europe](http://books.google.com/books?id=kaMFAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22HISTORIES,+ROMANCES,+POPULAR+LEGENDS+AND+TALES,+O%22&hl=en&ei=loWRTIfiKIH_8AaF-LndBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1854
**Rudolf Keyser**
[The Religion of the Northmen](http://books.google.com/books?id=54QAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA182&dq=gisli+sursson&hl=en&ei=h_GOTKDCEoGC8gaQgKnmDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=gisli%20sursson&f=false)
**1876 George Browning
[The Edda Songs and Sagas of Iceland](http://books.google.com/books?id=VBEJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda+iceland&hl=en&ei=0tTUTLPEDcGs8Aad8ZTLDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1877 M.B. Richert
[Försök till belysning afmörkare](http://books.google.com/books?id=Yi8PAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=richert+belysning&hl=en&ei=zIGBTc2FKs2ftweNs_zNBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[och
oförstådda ställeni den poetiska eddan](http://books.google.com/books?id=Yi8PAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=richert+belysning&hl=en&ei=zIGBTc2FKs2ftweNs_zNBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Attempt to illuminate the dark
and obscure
passages in the Poetic Edda
[Excerpts in English](scholarship/RichertHavamal.html):
An Analysis of Hávamál 104-110
1877 Karl Blind
[The Teutonic Tree of Existence](http://books.google.com/books?id=FOIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA101&dq=%22THE+TEUTONIC+TREE+OF+EXISTENCE.+By+Karl+Blind.%22&hl=en&ei=k6L9TK7_IIL58AbS34mSBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20TEUTONIC%20TREE%20OF%20EXISTENCE.%20By%20Karl%20Blind.%22&f=false)
1878 George Stephens
[Thunor the Thunderer](http://books.google.com/books?id=Kx0AAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA44&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Carved on a Scandinavian Font of about the year 1000**
1881 Llewellynn Jewitt
"[A
Few Words on the Fylfot Cross](http://books.google.com/books?id=L501AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6BPqToP-O5S3tweXlsCVCg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&f=false)"
1883 Hans Hildebrand
[Industrial Arts of Scandinavia in Pagan Times](http://books.google.com/books?id=v8AYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=ha8dToDHM8TY0QHH2-i_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1883 George Stephens
[Prof. S. Bugge's studies on](http://books.google.com/books?id=oh8AAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+bugge&hl=en&ei=8OTZTZjDGcK4twf3vtzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Northern mythology shortly examined](http://books.google.com/books?id=oh8AAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+bugge&hl=en&ei=8OTZTZjDGcK4twf3vtzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
**1888 EirÃkr Magnússon
[On Hávamál](http://books.google.com/books?id=-uEIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Eir%C3%ADkr+Magn%C3%BAsson%22&hl=en&ei=wZ9eTazDJtGjtgehg7CbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
1889 Julius Hoffery
[Eddastudien](http://books.google.com/books?id=1lwrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1&dq=eddastudien&hl=en&ei=ETb8TLW_GYPGlQe0s_CcBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1889 Viktor Rydberg
[Teutonic Mythology](http://books.google.com/books?id=L501AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6BPqToP-O5S3tweXlsCVCg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%C3%9E%C3%B3rr&f=false) (Vol. 1 of 2)
1895 EirÃkr Magnússon
[Odin's Horse Yggdrasill](http://books.google.com/books?id=OboTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=odin's+horse+yggdrasill&hl=en&ei=Ol50TLz4OMT58AbgsazzCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
**1896 EirÃkr Magnússon**
[Edda: Its Derivation and Meaning](http://books.google.com/books?id=cxAwAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=MnjTTPS6FcP58AbJv6DJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
cf. Anthony Faulkes, '[Edda](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Edda.pdf)'
1898 A.R. Skemp
"[On
Odin and Thor in Old Norse Poetry](http://books.google.com/books?id=A78zAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA9-PA3&dq=%22Odin+and+thor+in+Old+Norse+Poetry%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3C7YU7-TEYSPyASOuYHQAQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Odin%20and%20thor%20in%20Old%20Norse%20Poetry%22&f=false)"
1898 Victor Nilsson
[Loddfáfnismál: An Eddic Study](http://books.google.com/books?id=J2cSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Loddf%C3%A1fnism%C3%A1l&hl=en&ei=HoKBTfbNCZOXtwf_zYzTBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1899 **Hjalmar Rued**
[Scandinavian Influence on English Literature](http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA41&dq=swipdag+rydberg&id=WsU7AAAAMAAJ#v=onepage&q=swipdag%20rydberg&f=false)
1899 Sophus Bugge
[Home of the Eddic Poems](http://books.google.com/books?id=JdQyNzo-9PcC&pg=PA125&dq=eddic&hl=en&ei=Q4WBTafVMI-WtweDkdC2BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
20th Century Scholarship
1900 H. Munro Chadwick
[The Oak and the Thunder-God](http://books.google.com/books?id=q8QEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22&dq=%22By+H.+Munro+Chadwick,+M.A.,+Fellow+of+Clare+College,+Cambridge.%22&hl=en&ei=xK1YTbT_D8qatwf57NnPDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22By%20H.%20Munro%20Chadwick%2C%20M.A.%2C%20Fellow%20of%20Clare%20College%2C%20Cambridge.%22&f=false)
1902 Pierre Daniel Chantepie de la Saussaye
[The Religion of the Teutons](http://books.google.com/books?id=OT_zOqbcqcMC&pg=PA248&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=lcCOTOC_HIG0lQfK44TJAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBzg8#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false)
1903 Frank Edgar Farley
[Scandinavian Influences in the](http://books.google.com/books?id=CZYQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA163&dq=skirnir+expedition+herbert&hl=en&ei=Bc36TO_kBoH98AaplbHNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=skirnir%20expedition%20herbert&f=false)
[English Romantic Movement](http://books.google.com/books?id=CZYQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA163&dq=skirnir+expedition+herbert&hl=en&ei=Bc36TO_kBoH98AaplbHNCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=skirnir%20expedition%20herbert&f=false)
**1904 Sivert N. Hagen
[The Origin and Meaning of the Name Yggdrasill](http://books.google.com/books?id=vvQNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&dq=%22origin+and+meaning+op+the+name+yggdrasill%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=StJpUqOUO4nO9QTl8IHoAQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22origin%20and%20meaning%20op%20the%20name%20yggdrasill%22&f=false)**
1904
**Andrew Peter Fors**
[The Ethical World-Conception](http://books.google.com/books?id=HdWCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=norse+cosmology&hl=en&ei=wGPKTOLVNous8Aap6fXhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[of the Norse
People](http://books.google.com/books?id=HdWCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=norse+cosmology&hl=en&ei=wGPKTOLVNous8Aap6fXhCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1907 George Tobias Flom
[A History of Scandinavian Studies
in American Universities](http://books.google.com/books?id=BXh2W72O-AkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+tobias+flom&hl=en&ei=M87kTMiBCYKclgeC9_WDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
#
1913 Karl Mortensen
[Handbook of Norse Mythology](http://books.google.com/books?id=UmJbAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=handbook+of+norse+mythology&hl=en&ei=BbbtTO2cHoL6lwePx9iNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1913 Bertha S. Phillpotts
"[Germanic
Heathenism](http://books.google.com/books?id=XiuSGrFt32gC&pg=PA480&dq=%22GERMANIC+HEATHENISM%22&hl=en&ei=2kTTTLKcJILGlQfJ-uXiDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22GERMANIC%20HEATHENISM%22&f=false)"
in Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 2
1914 Adolf Burnett Benson
[The Old Norse Element in Swedish Romanticism](http://books.google.com/books?id=X40_AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=%22Edda+Saemundar+hinns+fr%C3%B3da%22&hl=en&ei=-KFeTezEJoeDtgeg0KmYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1919 M. J. Rudwin
#
[The Origin of the German Carnival Comedy](http://books.google.com/books?id=anMaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA9&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=jr6OTP-nM4H68Aa-35jiCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false)
1920 Halldór Hermannson
Islandica Vol. XIII
[Bibliography of the Eddas](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3487970#view=1up;seq=8)
1921 Rudolf Meissner
[Die Kenningar der Skalden](http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/kenningar.pdf)
The Kennings of the Skalds
1933 **Jan de Vries**
[The Problem of Loki](https://archive.org/details/TheProblemOfLoki/page/n3/mode/2up)
The Classic Study of Loki
1942 Hilda Roderick Ellis (Davidson)
[The Road to
Hel](scholarship/road_to_hel.pdf)
1970s Jere Fleck
[Four by
Fleck](scholarship/jere_fleck.html)
Excerpts from Jere Fleck's influential articles
on Sacred Kingship and Odin's Self-Sacrifice
**1974
Eleazar Meletinskij**
**[Scandinavian
Mythology](scholarship/eleazar_meletinskij.html)
[as a System of Oppositions](scholarship/eleazar_meletinskij.html)**
1974
Folke
Ström
[NÃð, Ergi and Old Norse Moral Attitudes](http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Nid,%20ergi%20and%20Old%20Norse%20moral%20attitudes.pdf)
1985
**Robert J. Glendinning, Haraldur Bessason
editors**\*[Edda
a Collection of Essays](http://books.google.com/books?id=Ig4XNNOCQRwC&pg=PA3&dq=edda&hl=en&ei=yDbITO3BJMOC8gbwuq2uDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1988
Hilda Ellis Davidson
*\*[Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe](http://books.google.com/books?id=XpI2MuTZTIEC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=gallehus+horns&source=bl&ots=13u_rn0QzA&sig=99sZqh9-kSIkhFiwUQmv6YecG_U&hl=en&ei=tPaGTJjULcH6lweX_NHuDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCoQ6AEwBjgo#v=onepage&q=gallehus%20horns&f=false)*
Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions
1993 Phillip Pulsiano & Kirsten Wolf editors
\*[Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia](http://books.google.com/books?id=d-XiZO8V4qUC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=am+no.+748+edda&source=bl&ots=btSbxlcVUF&sig=x2XC5sQP1DRiR2XKpIZYm07tsk0&hl=en&ei=zlc6TdubIYO88gbo1eX_Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=am%20no.%20748%20edda&f=false)**
**1994 Margaret Clunies Ross**
**excerpts from Prolonged Echoes:
Old Norse Myths in Medieval Northern Society
[On
Cosmology](original/cosmologyMCRexcerpt.html)
[On Mythic
Time](original/cosmologyMCRTIME.html)
1995 Terry Gunnell
\*[The
Origins of Drama in Scandinavia](http://books.google.com/books?id=c8Elw62Qaf0C&pg=PA140&dq=pagan+scandinavia&hl=en&ei=ha8dToDHM8TY0QHH2-i_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=pagan%20scandinavia&f=false)
1997 Lotte Motz
[The Germanic Thunder
Weapon](scholarship/MotzThunderweapon.html)** 1999 Thomas Andrew DuBois
\*[Nordic Religions in the Viking Age](http://books.google.com/books?id=g2-Lga0r62MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=viking+age&hl=en&ei=gvmGTJ3VDsP68AbL1rz4AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
21st Century Scholarship
**2001 John Lindow
[The Nature of Mythic Time](scholarship/LINDOW%20THE%20NATURE%20OF%20MYTHIC%20TIME.pdf)
excerpt from
\*[Handbook of Norse Mythology](http://books.google.com/books?id=9-3hfVpdks8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=handbook+of+norse+mythology&hl=en&ei=BbbtTO2cHoL6lwePx9iNAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
2002 Alexander M. Bruce [\*Scyld & Scef: Expanding the Analogues](http://books.google.com/books?id=hDFIeCj0xasC&printsec=frontcover&dq=scyld+scef+alexander+bruce&hl=en&ei=bgBzTODzJoSclge1yZWKDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
2002 Paul Acker & Carolyne Larrington, eds.
\*[The Poetic Edda: A Collection of Essays](http://books.google.com/books?id=j4bufbA_UpQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=larrington+edda&hl=en&ei=oc1tTfDIO9CRgQe6sZH7Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
2004 Brian Murdoch and Malcom Kevin Read, ed.
\*[Early Germanic Literature and Culture](http://books.google.com/books?id=PHqzR1XoV0QC&pg=PA199&dq=larrington+edda&hl=en&ei=jM5tTeibOsLFgAflroCIBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=larrington%20edda&f=false)
2004 Heather O'Donoghue
\*[Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction](http://www.e-reading.org.ua/bookreader.php/135818/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature%253A_A_Short_Introduction.pdf)
2004 Maria Kvilhaug
[The Maiden with the Mead](https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/23958/18497.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
Masters Dissertation, University of Oslo
2005 John McKinnell
\*[Meeting the Other in Old Norse Myth and Legend](http://books.google.com/books?id=P2x2x3neFywC&pg=PA3&dq=meeting+the+other+in+old+norse+myth&hl=en&ei=d4bUTOSPF4P58Aaktdi5DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=meeting%20the%20other%20in%20old%20norse%20myth&f=false)
2011 Christopher Abram
\*[Myths of the Pagan North](http://books.google.com/books?id=7MaxusRNVGkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=myths+of+the+pagan+north&hl=en&ei=2_oTTorFHMfz0gGik7HRCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
2013 Paul Acker and Carolyne Larrington, eds.
\*[Revisiting
the Poetic Edda](http://books.google.com/books?id=hZXUGvXii4UC&pg=PA189&dq=poetic+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CLf9UfiTBZK88wScg4CoDA&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=rydberg&f=false)
**[MODERN SCHOLARS](scholarship/modernscholars.html)
Biographies, Bibliographies, Contacts**
---
COLLECTIONS & ARCHIVES
**[](http://www.le.ac.uk/ee/viking/sagabookindex.htm)**
**The
Saga-Book
of the
[V](http://www.vsnr.org/)iking
[S](http://www.vsnr.org/)ociety
for
[N](http://www.vsnr.org/)orthern
[R](http://www.vsnr.org/)esearch
*Since*
1894
[[All
Publications](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/)] [[1](http://books.google.com/books?id=RQQbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=eddaic&hl=en&ei=p_aOTLe0HoT48Aa6rbH7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=eddaic&f=false)]
[[2](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20II.pdf)]
[[3]](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20III.pdf)
[[4](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20IV.pdf)]
[[5](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20V.pdf)]
[[6](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20VI.pdf)]
[[7](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf)]
[[8](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20VIII.pdf)]
[[9](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20IX.pdf)]
[[10](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20X.pdf)]
[[11](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XI.pdf)]
[[12](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XII.pdf)]
[[13](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIII.pdf)]
[[14](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVI.pdf)]
[[15](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XV.pdf)]
[[16](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVI.pdf)]
[[17](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf)]
[[18]](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XVII.pdf)
[[19](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIX.pdf)]
[[20](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXII.pdf)]
[[21](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXI.pdf)]
[[22](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXII.pdf)]
[[23](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XIII.pdf)]
[[24](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIV.pdf)]
[[25](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXV.pdf)]
[[26](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVI.pdf)]
[[27](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVII.pdf)]
[[28](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXVIII.pdf)]
[[29](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIX.pdf)]
[[30](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXX.pdf)]
[[31](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXXI.pdf)]
[[32](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXXII.pdf)]
[[33](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIII.pdf)]
These are .pdf files & may take time to load**
The
International Saga Conference
Archives
[[11th
Annual](http://sydney.edu.au/arts/medieval/saga/)][[12th
Annual](http://www.germanistik.uni-bonn.de/institut/abteilungen/skandinavische-sprachen-und-literaturen/abteilung/veranstaltungen/veranstaltungsarchiv/the-12th-international-saga-conference/the-twelfth-international-saga-conference-papers)] [[13th
Annual](http://www.theapricity.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-6953.html)][[13](http://web.archive.org/web/20080305185454/http://www.dur.ac.uk:80/medieval.www/sagaconf/)]
[[14th
Annual](http://www.saga.nordiska.uu.se/)][[15th
Annual](http://sagaconference.au.dk/en/programandsessions/)]
[Scandinavian Studies](http://index.scandinavianstudy.org/issues.php)
The Journal of the Society for the Advancement
of Scandinavian Study since 1911
****************---
**[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Hrafnagaldr%20Odins.html)**
INDO-EUROPEAN STUDIES****************
**RESOURCES**
**[The Journal of Indo-European Studies](http://www.jies.org/DOCS/jies_index/mainindex.html)
[Early Indo-European Online](http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/)
at The University of Texas, Austin
[INDO-EUROPEAN](http://www.indo-european.nl/index2.html)
[ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY](http://www.indo-european.nl/index2.html)
[Indo-European
Texts and Translations](scholarship/IEtextsandtranslations.html)
1896 Ralph T. H. Griffith, translator
[Hymns of the Rigveda](http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/)
1896 Ralph T. H. Griffith, translator
[The Hymns of the Rigveda](http://www.sanskritweb.net/rigveda/griffith.pdf), 2nd edition
[searchable e-text]
1905 William Dwight Whitney, Translator
Atharva-veda Samhita
[First Half, Introduction, Books I-VII](http://books.google.com/books?id=CqmUyLdfSyQC&pg=PR5&dq=%22Late+Professor+of+Sanskrit+in+Yale+University,+Knight+of+the+Royal+Prussian+Order+Pour+%22&hl=en&ei=W1M7TvKNBMbz0gGyi6X4Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Late%20Professor%20of%20Sanskrit%20in%20Yale%20University%2C%20Knight%20of%20the%20Royal%20Prussian%20Order%20Pour%20%22&f=false)
[Second Half, Books VII-XIX, Index](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZpgOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA465&dq=%22Late+Professor+of+Sanskrit+in+YaU+University,+Knight+of+the+Royal+Prussian+Order+%22&hl=en&ei=4FM7TqL9Kqne0QGZn_DtAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Late%20Professor%20of%20Sanskrit%20in%20YaU%20University%2C%20Knight%20of%20the%20Royal%20Prussian%20Order%20%22&f=false)**
**[Avesta](http://www.avesta.org/):
The Zoroastrian Archives
[GENERAL WORKS](works/generalIE.html)
prior to 1910
MODERN WORKS
Proceedings of the Annual UCLA
[Indo-European Conference Archives](http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/pies/Archives/IEC.html)
1963 Marija Gimbutas
[The Balts](http://www.vaidilute.com/books/gimbutas/gimbutas-contents.html)
1973 Georges Dumézil
[Gods of the Ancient Northmen](http://books.google.com/books?id=DZIeNMgZhRwC&pg=PA75&dq=nerthus&hl=en&ei=ssGOTLTvI8Sblge1gMXKAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAjhG#v=onepage&q=nerthus&f=false) ([2](http://books.google.com/books?id=rurD1yd0Ok0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=kuhn+edda&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YVusUNLTJsTiyAGwlIG4Aw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=kuhn%20edda&f=false))
\*1988
[Languages and Cultures](http://books.google.com/books?id=v56tj2EPZ-YC&pg=PA169&dq=languages+and+culture+edgar&hl=en&ei=L4qBTav4HNS2twfC7YmxBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=languages%20and%20culture%20edgar&f=false):
Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé
\*1997
J.P. Mallory and D. Q. Adams
[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture](http://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Indo-European%20Poetry%20and%20Myth&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q=Indo-European%20Poetry%20and%20Myth&f=false)
2006 J.P Mallory and D.Q. Adams
The Oxford Introduction to Proto Indo-European
and the Proto-Indo-European World****\*Indicates preview only**
| |
| --- |
| |
| |
| |
*****[Fornaldarsogur Nordrlanda: Texts, Translations, Scholarship](FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html)***
**LANDNÃMABÃK**
Finnur Jónsson
Ari Fróði's
[Landnámabók](http://books.google.com/books?id=TKHwIHa0i0gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=landnamabok&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vuOoU8D0MuvJsQSxwID4Cw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=landnamabok&f=false) I-III
1898 Rev. T. Ellwood M.A.
[The Book of the Settlement of Iceland](http://books.google.com/books?id=W5APAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=%22Author+of+lakeland+and+iceland%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NeOoU_eQOrjMsQSGwoDoCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Author%20of%20lakeland%20and%20iceland%22&f=false)
ICELANDIC
SAGAS
AND THÃTTIR
Collected Sources
[Ãrni
Magnússon](original/CopenhagenFire.html)
and the Great Fire of Copenhagen 1728
[Ãrni Magnússon Institute](https://arnastofnun.is/en/institute)
Manuscripts of Eddas, Islendingar sögur, and Fornaldarsögur
[Handrit.is](http://handrit.is/en/manuscript/browse/uniform)
(Manuscripts of Sagas, Poetry and RÃmur)
[Heimskringla](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Norrøne_kildetekster)
Nordic Texts and Poems
| |
| --- |
|
[SourceIndex](http://heimskringla.no/index.php?title=Kildeindex)
A Bibliographic Overview |
[Pre-Christian
Religions of the North: Sources](https://skaldic.abdn.ac.uk/db.php?if=myth&table=myth&view=)
[Septentrionalia. the Medieval North](http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/index.php#of)
An extensive collection of source material and scholarship
[Netútgáfan](https://web.archive.org/web/20150214122902/http://www.snerpa.is/net/)
[Icelandic Sagas](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl.htm)
(in Old Icelandic)
[Icelandic Thættir](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl-th.htm)
(in Old Icelandic)
[Loka Tháttur: A Faroese Kvæði](MISCELLANEOUS\Lokathattur.html)
with facing English Translation
---
[Historic
Saga Collections](works/sagacollections.html)
[and Commentaries](works/sagacollections.html)
1825-1837*[Fornmanna Sögur](works/fornmanna.html)* in 12 volumes
An Early Collection of Icelandic Sagas
**[INDEX](works/fornmannaindex.html)**
**[*Cartography*](scholarship/CartographySaga.html)
[5 maps from the Saga Translations](scholarship/CartographySaga.html)
of William Morris and Eirikur Magnusson
---
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS**of Icelandic Sagas and Thættir
[Index of The Complete Sagas of the Icelanders](https://web.archive.org/web/20030602211937/http://www.squirrel.com/asatru/translations.html)** |
& more at Squirrel.com
1908
**Halldór Hermannsson
[Bibliography of the Icelandic Sagas and Minor Tales](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010535774;seq=9#view=1up;seq=9)
Islandica Vol. I**
[Icelandic Saga
Database](http://sagadb.org/index_az)
Icelandic Texts with
English, German and French Translations
1878 Gudbrand Vigfusson
Sturlunga Saga
[Vol. I](http://books.google.com/books?id=m5wNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR57&dq=saga+iceland&hl=en&ei=HMeOTIqKBIK8lQe-8M3LAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw)
[Vol. II](http://books.google.com/books?id=7Y6qZzy5ZYcC&pg=PA498&dq=Saga+%C3%93lafs+kon%C3%BAngs+hins+Helga&hl=en&ei=76iwTuT9LI2CtgfD1NiBAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1891
**EirÃkr Magnússon** and William Morris
The Saga Library Volume I
[The Story of the Banded Men](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/banda.htm)
(E-text)
[Bandamanna
saga](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/01band.htm)
**[Bandamanna saga](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Bandamanna%20saga.pdf)
Ed. Hallvard Magerøy**
**1861 George Webbe Dasent**
**[The Story of Burnt Njal](http://books.google.com/books?id=bVsAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=burnt+njal+dasent&hl=en&ei=EiLUTPbnK82r8AaQhuSlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)**
**1900 (Abridged)
[The Story of Burnt Njal](http://books.google.com/books?id=XFJ2zrhNH2MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=njals&hl=en&ei=v8qOTKzXFYO0lQfG9vXlAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Brennu-Njáls saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/njala.htm)**
**1893 William Charles Green
[The Story of Egil Skallagrimsson](http://books.google.com/books?id=25bvpYlrYI4C&pg=PA5&dq=icelandic+sagas&hl=en&ei=cciOTOaiGYPGlQfboZDnAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=icelandic%20sagas&f=false)
[Egils saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/egils.htm)
###
[Egils saga](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Egla/Egils_saga.pdf) Ed. Bjarni Einarsson
[Map](http://www.VSNRweb-publications.org.uk/Egla/Borgarfiord.pdf) of Borgarfjǫrðr
###
1880 John Sephton
[Eirik the Red's Saga](http://books.google.com/books?id=rdS1RFM8iuEC&pg=PA24&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=uLLYTImgPMGBlAe1w-CNCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzha#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[EirÃks saga rauða](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/eirik.htm)
1892
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris
The Saga Library Volume II [The
Story of the Ere-Dwellers](http://omacl.org/EreDwellers/) [Eyrbyggja Saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/eyrbygg.htm)
1869
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris
[The Story of Grettir the Strong](http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/gre/index.htm)
1890 S. Baring-Gould
with illustrations by M. Zeno Diemer
[Grettir the Outlaw: A Story of Iceland](http://books.google.com/books?id=exQpAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA385&dq=The+Story+of+G%C3%ADsli+the+Outlaw&hl=en&ei=FBXUTLu1IsP58Ab3-YXTCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQuwUwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1914 G.H. Hight
[Grettir's saga](https://web.archive.org/web/20110511153603/http://omacl.org/Grettir/)
[Grettis saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/grettir.htm)
1866 George Webbe Dasent
with illustrations by C.E. St. John
Mildmay
[The Story of GÃsli the Outlaw](http://books.google.com/books?id=eY78PQlJpSEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Story+of+G%C3%ADsli+the+Outlaw&hl=en&ei=FBXUTLu1IsP58Ab3-YXTCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[GÃsla saga Súrssonar](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/gisl.htm)
1901
EirÃkr Magnússon
and William Morris
[The Saga of Gunnlaug Worm-Tongue](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/gunnlaug-en.htm)
[Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/20orms.htm)
[The
Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue](http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/The%20Saga%20of%20Gunnlaug%20Serpent-Tongue.pdf) Ed. R. Quirk
1891
EirÃkr Magnússon and
William Morris
[The Story of Howard the Halt](http://books.google.com/books?id=9b8tAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22saga+library%22&hl=en&ei=a-jUTLSzKsT68AaU7r3KBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Hávarðar Saga
Ãsfirðings](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/havardar.htm)
1892
EirÃkr Magnússon and
William Morris
[The Story of the
Heath Slayings](http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/)
[HeiðarvÃga saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/heidarv.htm)
1891
EirÃkr Magnússon and William Morris
[Hen Thorir](http://books.google.com/books?id=5swXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125&dq=%22saga+library%22+%22CHAPTER+I.+OF+MEN+OF+BURGFIRTH%22&hl=en&ei=Q-rUTP66B8OB8gaCiNnHCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Hænsna Ãóris Saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/haensna.htm)
1902 Jón Stéfanssón and William G. Collingwood
[# The Life
and Death of Cormac the Skald](http://books.google.com/books?id=6ZHPAHf1kiYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cormac+skald&hl=en&ei=gXrUTPj_LYG88ga1hpHADA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Kormáks saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/kormaks.htm)
1910 Muriel A.C. Press
[Laxdæla Saga](http://books.google.com/books?id=0uVPyWx6p_oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=laxd%C3%A6la+saga&hl=en&ei=9SPUTIOfNcP78Aa6_8SFCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Laxdæla saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/laxdal.htm)
###
#
1882 New Englander and Yale
Review, Vol. 41
[Folk songs of the Faroe Islands](http://books.google.com/books?id=3-AXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA409&dq=yale+review+voluspa&hl=en&ei=SKSRTP-CAoP-8Ab0g7z6BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
includes *Loka thattur*
###**
**The modern work now known as ORKNEYINGA SAGA
or "History of the Men of Orkney" is in reality a complex work
made up of parts of different date and character:
a. Chapters 1-3, Fundinn Noregr
b. Chapters 4-38, Jarla Saga
c. Chapters 39-55, St Magnus Saga
d. Chapter 60, Iarteina bók
e. Chapters 56-59, the History of Earl Rognwald
f. Chapters 61-118, the History of Swain Asleifsson
In the
[Flateyjarbók](https://heimskringla.no/wiki/Flateyjarbók), the saga is cut into five pieces and
inserted into a series of the Lives of the Kings of Norway.
###
1873 Jón A. HjaltalÃn & Gilbert Goudie
Edited with notes by Joseph Anderson
[Orkneyinga Saga](http://books.google.com/books?id=QHIJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=2umOTOvuNIL98AbNr_2ZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Orkneyinga Saga](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rerum_Britannicarum_Medii_Aevi_Scriptore/wWNEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=j%C3%B3l%20Rognvald%20jarl%20Eindridi%20dag&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover&fbclid=IwAR3N1WTilDF9cQ8CvaLf9-7Wj_uf_IYZtnUuZjEx5Pbw19TJuC43m8EZc9A)
1894 George W. Dasent
[The
Orkneyingers' Saga](http://books.google.com/books?id=qIVJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11&dq=%22THE+BRITISH+ISXES,%22&hl=en&ei=nCzxTYisAZSDtger9uiNAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22THE%20BRITISH%20ISXES%2C%22&f=false)
| |
| --- |
| [Orkneyinga Saga](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Rerum_Britannicarum_Medii_Aevi_Scriptore/wWNEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=j%C3%B3l%20Rognvald%20jarl%20Eindridi%20dag&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover&fbclid=IwAR3N1WTilDF9cQ8CvaLf9-7Wj_uf_IYZtnUuZjEx5Pbw19TJuC43m8EZc9A) |
1866 Sir Edmund Head**
[**Viga-Glum's Saga**](http://books.google.com/books?id=0F4mbnoyGxcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=2umOTOvuNIL98AbNr_2ZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false)**(Scan)
[The Story of Viga-Glúm](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/viga-en.htm)****(E-Text)
[VÃga-Glúms saga](http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/vigaglum.htm)
/
[VÃga-Glúms saga](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/38viga.htm)
1901
EirÃkr Magnússon
and William Morris
[The Saga of Viglund the Fair](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/viglund-en.htm)
[VÃglundar
saga](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/39vigl.htm)
1882 John Coles
[The Story of
Thórðr Hreða](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/thordr-en.htm)
[Ãórðar saga hreðu](http://www.norron-mytologi.info/sgndok/isl-saga/43tord.htm)
1971 Herman Pálsson
[Hrafkel's Saga and Other Icelandic Stories](http://books.google.com/books?id=TVONrjdEuk8C&pg=PA27&dq=Stories+of+the+Kings+of+Norway&hl=en&ei=H55eTZWWAcuTtwewkpyWDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Stories%20of%20the%20Kings%20of%20Norway&f=false)**
**2004 J.M Dent
[Three Icelandic Outlaw Sagas](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Outlaws.pdf)
The Saga of Gisli
The Saga of Grettir
The Saga of Hord
---
[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Thrymskvida.html)
[**FORNALDARSÃGUR NORÃRLANDA**](http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html)**
**Legendary Sagas of the Northland
Texts in Old Icelandic**
**[Fornaldarsögur](http://www.snerpa.is/net/forn/forn.htm)
Icelandic Texts online at *Netutgafan*
[Fornaldarsögur](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Kategori:Fornaldarsögur)
Icelandic Texts online at *Heimskringla*edited by *Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson*
1829-30 Carl Christian Rafn
Fornaldar Sögur Nordrlanda
1829
[Volume I](http://books.google.com/books?id=f2cAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=eptir+g%C3%B6mlum+handritum&hl=en&ei=FxrDTNH9M8KB8gabr6TnBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1829
[Volume II](http://books.google.com/books?id=pVYPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA362&dq=Nordrlanda+rafn&hl=en&ei=_KWRTK6BBoOB8gbC9_nsBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1830
[Volume III](http://books.google.com/books?id=vGcAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=fornaldar&hl=en&ei=peiOTJadL4K88gaY6YzvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Index](FORNALDARSAGAS/IndexToCC_RAFN.html)
of this often-cited collection
1887-89
Valdimar Ãsmundarsson
Fornaldarsögur Norðrlanda
1887-88
[Volumes 1-2](http://books.google.com/books?id=SL0XAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fornaldar+S%C3%B6gur+Nordrlanda&hl=en&ei=nAKPTJrKNIWglAeEkbXrDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1889
[Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=3j9cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fornaldar+S%C3%B6gur+Nordrlanda&hl=en&ei=nAKPTJrKNIWglAeEkbXrDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[](FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html)
[Index
*of the*
Complete](FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html)
[Fornaldarsögur
Norðurlanda](FORNALDARSAGAS/FORNALDARSOGURMAIN.html)
in English Translation
1901
EirÃkr Magnússon
[Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales](http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA1&dq=northern+love+stories&id=PHaJoYbZazgC#v=onepage&q&f=false)
The Story Of Gunnlaug The Worm-Tongue
and Raven The Skald
The Story Of Frithiof The Bold
The Story Of Viglund the Fair
[The Tale Of Hogni And Hedinn](FORNALDARSAGAS/SorliThattrHedinHogniMorrisTunstall.html)
The Tale Of Roi The Fool
The Tale Of Thorstein Staff-Smitten
1923 Nora Kershaw
[Stories and Ballads of the Far Past](http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1808249 "Includes translations of Sorli Thattur, Nornagests Thattur, Hromund saga Grepssonar, Hervarar Saga og Heidriks ")
The Tháttr of Nornagest
The Tháttr of Sörli
The Saga of Hromund Greipsson
The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek
1985 Hermann Pálsson & Paul Edwards
\*[Seven Viking Romances](http://books.google.com/books?id=reuZ0FPahhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=seven+viking+romances&hl=en&ei=s8zKTIPbBYK88gbN44mgAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false "Contains Arrow-Odd, King Gautrek, Halfdan Eysteinsson, Bosi and Herraud, Egil and Asmund, Thorstein Mansion-Might, and Helgi Thorisson")
Bosi and Herraud
Egil and Asmund
Halfdan Eysteinsson
King Gautrek
Arrow Odd [Thorstein Mansion-Might](http://www.germanicmythology.com/FORNALDARSAGAS/ThorsteinMansionMightPalson.html)
1965 Ed. R. G. Finch
[The Saga of the Volsungs](http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Volsunga%20saga.pdf)
1980 Anthony Faulkes
[Stories from Sagas of Kings](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/SSK.pdf)
with Völsi þattur
RESOURCES
[Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda:](http://fasnl.ku.dk/bibl.aspx)
*A Bibliography of Manuscripts,
Editions, Translations, and Secondary Literature.*
Compiled by
M.J. Driscoll & Silvia Hufnagel1912 Halldór Hermannsson
[Bibliography of the Mythical-Heroic Sagas](http://www.archive.org/stream/bibliographyofmy05hermuoft#page/n3/mode/2up)
[Islandica Vol. V](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010535774;seq=433#view=1up;seq=433)
Other Genres
[Riddarasögur](FORNALDARSAGAS/RIDDARASOGURMAIN.html)
Knight's Sagas/Romances of Chivalry
[Ãiðreks saga af Bern](http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ãiðreks_saga_af_Bern)
Guðni Jónsson, editor
1715
[Johan Peringskiold](http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Johan+Peringskiold%22&sa=X&ei=vkX8Ua-AJJDY8gTjp4D4Cw&ved=0CDMQ9AgwAA), editor
[Wilkinasaga](http://books.google.com/books?id=4e9DAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilkina+saga&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XkP_TsnvHMG4tweBrLHICg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=wilkina%20saga&f=false)
1815 Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, editor
[Wilkina- und Niflunga-Saga](http://books.google.com/books?id=FGYAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=wilkina+saga&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vkX8Ua-AJJDY8gTjp4D4Cw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=wilkina%20saga&f=false)
oder Dietrich von Bern und die Nibelungen
---
CHRONICLES
AND HISTORIES
Ancient Histories
[The Latin
Library](http://www.thelatinlibrary.com)
[The Internet Medieval Sourcebook](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1f.html)
Tacitus, *[Germania](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/tacitus-germanygord.html)*
Translated by Thomas Gordon,1910
[The Works of Tacitus](http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/tac/index.htm)
Translated by
Alfred Church and William
Brodribb
Jordanes, *[Origin and Deeds of the Goths](http://books.google.com/books?id=C5hJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=jordanes+gothic+history+mierow&hl=en&ei=5B5zTKObH8O78gaO9KH1Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=jordanes%20gothic%20history%20mierow&f=false),*Translated by Charles C. Mierow,
1908
[The Gothic History of Jordanes](http://books.google.com/books?id=mOjFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP11&dq=jordanes+gothic+history+mierow&hl=en&ei=6R9zTLaKFYP98AbssvHeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=jordanes%20gothic%20history%20mierow&f=false)
Translated by
Charles C. Mierow, 1915
Gregory of Tours (539-594):
[History of the Franks: Books I-X](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/gregory-hist.html)
Translated by Earnest Brehaut 1916.
Martin of Braga
[De Correctione
Rusticorum](works/De%20Correctione%20Rusticorum.html)
[Origio Gentis Langobardorum](http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/origo.html)
Paulus Diaconus
[Historia Langobardorum](works/HistoriaLangobardum.html)
chs. 1-19
with facing Latin text & *Origio Gentis Langobardorum*
ch. 1
Paul the Deacon,
*[The History of the Longobards](http://books.google.com/books?id=bjgNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=%22WILLIAM+DUDLEY+JOULKE,+LL.D.+%22&hl=en&ei=cCRzTKaYJ4H68Aa8n_C0Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22WILLIAM%20DUDLEY%20JOULKE%2C%20LL.D.%20%22&f=false)*
Translated by William D. Foulke
1907
Einhardi
[Vita
Karoli Magni](http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ein.html)
[Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/einhard.html)
Translated by Samuel Epes Turner 1880**
**Widukindus Corbeius**
[**Rerum gestarum Saxonicarum**](http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost10/Widukind/wid_sax0.html) **Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei
Edited by Paul Hirsch und Hans E. Lohmann, 1935
Rimbert,
[Life of Anskar](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anskar.html),
The Apostle of the North, 801-865
Alucin (735-804)
[The Life of Willibrord,](http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/Alcuin-willbrord.asp) c.796
[ch. 15 introduces the god Forsite]
[Chronicon Lethrense](http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina:Scriptores_Minores_Historiae_Danicae_Medii_Aevi_vol_1.djvu/49) [.[pdf](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Chronicon_Lethrense_.pdf)]
Chronicle of the Kings of Lejre
[partial translation](http://www.oe.eclipse.co.uk/nom/lejre.html)
10th century
[Rusiyyah of Ibn Fadlan](original/RUSILA.html)
James E. Montgomery's Translation
[Rusila of Ibn Fadhlan](http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ibn_fdln.shtml)
presented by the Viking Answer Lady
1999 Theodoricus Monachus
Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium
[The Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Theodoricus.pdf)
Translated and annotated by David and Ian
McDougall
2006 Siân Grønlie
[Ãslendingabók. Kristni saga](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/IslKr.pdf)
The Book of the Icelanders
The Story of the Conversion
2010 Peter Jens Schjødt**
**Ibn Fadlan's Account of a Rus Funeral:**
**To What Degree Does it Reflect Norse Myth?****" [(Review and Excerpt)](works/PSJibnfadlan.html)
1999 Christine Peel**
[**Gutasaga, The Saga of the Gotlanders**](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Guta%20saga.pdf) **2004 Peter Tunstall
[Gutarnas Krönika
eller Gutasagan](works/Gutasagan.html)
The History of the Gotlanders
11th Century
Adam of Bremen
***[Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum](http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm)*
[in Latin]
\*\*\*
[History of the Arch-Bishops of Hamburg-Bremen](https://web.archive.org/web/20131224194538/http://www.scribd.com/doc/41551125/Adam-of-Bremen)**
English Translation by Francis Tschan, 1911
1673 Johannes Gerhard Scheffer
Lapponia: The History of Lappland
[Excerpts on Pagan Worship](MISCELLANEOUS/Lapponia.html)
---
The Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus
[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/SVIPDAGSMAL/SVIPDAGSMALMAIN.html)
Saxo Grammaticus**
[**Gesta Danorum**](http://www2.kb.dk/elib/lit/dan/saxo/lat/or.dsr/)
**1859 Petrus Erasmus Muller
[Saxonis Grammatici Historia Danica](http://books.google.com/books?id=7WkrAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Saxonis&hl=en&ei=3f-OTJzEB8GqlAen0ezlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1886 Alfred Holder. editor
[Saxonis Grammatici Gesta Danorvm](http://books.google.com/books?id=J4ESAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Saxonis+Grammatici+Gesta+Danorvm#v=onepage&q=Saxonis%20Grammatici%20Gesta%20Danorvm&f=false)
1894
Oliver Elton Translation
[The First Nine Books of the](http://books.google.com/books?id=kPEeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22Swipdag,+now+that+he+had+slain+gram%22&hl=en&ei=Hot4TJDkKMOBlAfdz7zuCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Swipdag%2C%20now%20that%20he%20had%20slain%20gram%22&f=fals)
[Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus](http://books.google.com/books?id=kPEeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22Swipdag,+now+that+he+had+slain+gram%22&hl=en&ei=Hot4TJDkKMOBlAfdz7zuCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Swipdag%2C%20now%20that%20he%20had%20slain%20gram%22&f=fals)
The First English Translation of Saxo's Work
[Online Medieval and Classical Library](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718011101/http://omacl.org/DanishHistory/)**
[The Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus](https://web.archive.org/web/20131009033108/http://medlem.spray.se/abujaftiel/saxo00.html)
[with facing Latin](https://web.archive.org/web/20131009033108/http://medlem.spray.se/abujaftiel/saxo00.html)
& the
Oliver Elton translation
\*[The History of the Danes](http://books.google.com/books?id=QWQUcg39P3wC&pg=PA67&dq=saxo+elton&hl=en&ei=qiVzTK7pE8L78AaDgdGmCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=saxo%20elton&f=false)
Translated by Peter Fisher
with commentary
by Hilda Ellis Davidson
---
###
KING'S CHRONICLES
Fagrskinna:
The 'Fair Skin' Manuscript
1848 P. A. Munch, C. R. Unger, ed.
[Fagrskinna](http://books.google.com/books?id=7mgTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=fagrskinna+much+unger&hl=en&ei=sw97TNOOGYSdlgeEvJzrCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1903 Finnur Jónsson
[Fagrskinna](http://books.google.com/books?id=fZkPAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=iJteTaCzH8igtweQ1-zdCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAjge#v=onepage&q&f=false)
\*2004 Alison Finlay
[Fagrskinna: A Catalog of the Kings of Norway](http://books.google.com/books?id=SmJ8v1ENhg4C&pg=PA19&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false)
Morkinskinna:
The 'Dark Skin' Manuscript
1932
[Morkinskinna](http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/morkinskinna.pdf)
Edited by Finnur Jónsson
\*2000 Kari Ellen Gade
[Morkinskinna, The Earliest Icelandic](http://books.google.com/books?id=DFNZmUrEVY8C&pg=PA497&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false)
[Chronicle of
the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157)](http://books.google.com/books?id=DFNZmUrEVY8C&pg=PA497&dq=fagrskinna&hl=en&ei=DBpzTLHoD4S0lQeYnKGaAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=fagrskinna&f=false)
1910 Halldór Hermannsson
[Bibliography of the Sagas of the Kings of Norway](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015010535774?urlappend=%3Bseq=255)
[and related sagas and tales](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015010535774?urlappend=%3Bseq=255)
Heimskringla
###
Snorri Sturluson's
*[Heimskringla](http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/heimskri.htm)* (Old Icelandic)
1780 Jim Johnstone
Anecdotes of Olave the Black,
by Snorro Sturlson
[Vol. I](http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA6&dq=anecdotes+of+olave+black&id=Vp1bAAAAQAAJ#v=onepage&q=anecdotes%20of%20olave%20black&f=false)
Carl Christian Rafn
### Oldnordiske Sagær
(Old Icelandic)
1826
[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=FsYXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA278&dq=oldnordisk+sag&hl=en&ei=S_DUTKTRNYXGlQfphPSCCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false) Kong Olaf Tyggvesons Saga
1827 [Volume 2](http://books.google.com/books?id=DWQAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=oldnordiske&hl=en&ei=xIPUTMLvO4-p8Abd_6iBDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA) Kong Olaf Tyggvesons Saga
# 1849 R. Keyser & C.R. Unger
#
[Olafs saga hins helga](http://books.google.com/books?id=TFUEAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=saga&hl=en&ei=1LHYTNqoKsP_lgfXi8nMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwADhQ)
P.A. Munch *[Norges kongesagaer](http://books.google.com/books?id=J5HYwjyfuIkC&pg=PR31&dq=Norges+kongesagaer&hl=en&ei=sJxeTZznNYrAtgfP-fmbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Norges%20kongesagaer&f=false)*
Finnur Jónsson
Norges kongesagaer [Illustrated edition]
[Vol. I-II](http://books.google.com/books?id=8S9cAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Norges+kongesagaer&hl=en&ei=sJxeTZznNYrAtgfP-fmbDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Vol. III](http://books.google.com/books?id=gVUSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Finnur+J%C3%B3nsson%22&hl=en&ei=jJleTYinJouWtweM7cy6DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1889
Samuel Laing
The Heimskringla
Translated by Rasmus Björn Anderson
[Volume 1](http://books.google.com/books?id=AHjOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=heimskringla&hl=en&ei=Ix1zTLzrEYW8lQflnqBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Volume 2
Volume 3](http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZYBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=heimskringla&hl=en&ei=PBxzTLmJBYSKlweXsoxU&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1893 EirÃkir Magnussón & William Morris
The Stories of the Kings of Norway
called The
Round World
Heimskringla (Saga Library 3-7)
[**Vol. I**](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXaWrlTc8hcC&pg=PA401&dq=earl+blind+frey&hl=en&ei=8-XUTKKeOcOC8gani_WbBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[**Vol. II**](http://books.google.com/books?id=XXBBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA198&dq=olvir&hl=en&ei=zOrZTdeBEYa5tgeouPzoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=olvir&f=false)
**Vol. III**
[**Vol. IV**](http://books.google.com/books?id=kS4hSjGb0sAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kings+of+Norway+morris&hl=en&ei=DGXXTMm8K8GAlAeo8J39CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) **1991 Diana Whaley
[Heimskringla. An Introduction](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/An%20Introduction.pdf)
2011 Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes
Heimskringla
[Part I](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Heimskringla%20I.pdf)
[Part II](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk//Heimskringla%20II.pdf)
[Part III](http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk//Heimskringla%20III.pdf)
---
[ARCHÃOLOGY](#ARCHAEOLOGY)
[](works/uppsalatemple.html)
Archeological Sites
from the Heathen Era
[The Temple at Old Uppsala](works/uppsalatemple.html)
[The Temple at
Lejre, Denmark](works/Lejretemple.html)
[Vallø Borgring: Vallo
Ring-Fortress](original/ValloRingFortress.html)
[The Hof at Ranheim, Norway](original/RanheimSite.html)
[The Hof at Hofstaðir, Iceland](original/HofstadirHof.html)
[The Hall at Hjardarholt
and the Húsdrápa](original/HjardarholtHall.html)
**2001 Terry Gunnell
[Hof, Halls, Goðar and Dwarves-](https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf)
[An Examination of the Ritual Space](https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf)
[in the Pagan Icelandic Hall](https://notendur.hi.is/~terry/articles/TerryGunnell-2001_Hof,Halls,Godar_and_Dwarves.pdf)**
[The Kivik King's Grave](MISCELLANEOUS/KivikGrave.html)
[The Hochdorf Grave](http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/hochdorf/h_fund1d.html)
[Goods](http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/hochdorf/h_fund1d.html)
[The Gundestrup Cauldron](http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/Gundestrup/kauldron.html)
[Ãtzi,
The Ice-Man](http://www.iceman.it/en/oetzi-the-iceman)
1848 Royal Society of Northern Antiquities of Copenhagen
[Guide to Northern Archæology](http://books.google.com/books?id=_lQCAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22K.+Nordiske+oldskrift-selskab,+Copenhagen%22&hl=en&ei=6KnDTMOtFcL68Aa3wKzUBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1888 Oscar Montelius
#
[The Civilisation of Sweden in Heathen Times](http://books.google.com/books?id=cksTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=civilisation+of+sweden+heathen&hl=en&ei=x5WHTO6fK4nq9gTt24HgDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1890
Paul B. Du Chaillu
The Viking Age
[Volume I](http://books.google.com/books?id=RngJAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Paul+Belloni+Du+Chaillu%22&hl=en&ei=vJOHTNr3A4Ww9QSIoPjiDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Volume II](http://books.google.com/books?id=0vsOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Viking+age&hl=en&ei=b5KHTMXeL4O28wSa2pDhDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1892 George H. Boehmer
[Prehistoric Naval Architecture](http://books.google.com/books?id=1BclAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA527&dq=%22prehistoric+naval+architecture%22&hl=en&ei=YcnkTKLBHIH6lwfc8Y2gCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22prehistoric%20naval%20architecture%22&f=false)
[of the North of
Europe](http://books.google.com/books?id=1BclAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA527&dq=%22prehistoric+naval+architecture%22&hl=en&ei=YcnkTKLBHIH6lwfc8Y2gCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22prehistoric%20naval%20architecture%22&f=false)
1904 Gilbert Goudie
[The Celtic and Scandinavian](http://books.google.com/books?id=IzvYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=Rune+Inscribed+Relics+of+the+Norsemen+in+Shetland&hl=en&ei=j9jUTIXtL8P48Aap6rGECQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Rune%20Inscribed%20Relics%20of%20the%20Norsemen%20in%20Shetland&f=false)
[Antiquities of
Shetland](http://books.google.com/books?id=IzvYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56&dq=Rune+Inscribed+Relics+of+the+Norsemen+in+Shetland&hl=en&ei=j9jUTIXtL8P48Aap6rGECQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Rune%20Inscribed%20Relics%20of%20the%20Norsemen%20in%20Shetland&f=false)
---
**Evidence of Early Astronomy
[](ASTRONOMY/GermanicAstrology.html)
Peter Krüger's
[Germanic Astronomy](ASTRONOMY/GermanicAstrology.html)
An Attempt to Recover the
Old Heathen Constellations of Northern Europe
Dr. Christopher E. Johnsen's
Observations in
[Eddic Astronomy](ASTRONOMY3/ASTRONOMYMAIN.html)
1934 Otto Sigfrid Reuter
Germanische Himmelskunde
[The Northern Nightime Sky](scholarship/ReuterStarMap.html)
[in Germanic Tradition](scholarship/ReuterStarMap.html)
A Star-Map****
[The Nebra Disc
Deciphered](http://www.donsmaps.com/skydisc.html)
[Scandinavian
Daymarks:](http://hea-www.harvard.edu/ECT/Daymarks/)
[Telling Time
Without a Clock](http://hea-www.harvard.edu/ECT/Daymarks/)
Göran Henriksson
[The Pagan
Great Midwinter Sacrifice](http://www.astro.uu.se/archast/Henriksson.pdf)
[and the
âRoyalâ Mounds at Old Uppsala](http://www.astro.uu.se/archast/Henriksson.pdf)
[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/GRM31.html)
RUNES
[Arild
Hauge's Rune Site](http://www.arild-hauge.com/eindex.htm)
A Collection of Runes and Rune Lore
1854 C.C. Rafn
[Remarks on a Danish Runic Stone](http://books.google.com/books?id=edkKAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=SvyOTIeDNMGB8gbN54zJDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[from the Eleventh Century](http://books.google.com/books?id=edkKAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=SvyOTIeDNMGB8gbN54zJDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1868 George Stephens
[The Runic Hall in the Danish](http://books.google.com/books?id=Oc8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR10&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
[Old-Northern Museum](http://books.google.com/books?id=Oc8_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PR10&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1877 Eirikr Magnusson
[On a Runic Calendar found in Lapland in 1866](http://books.google.com/books?id=7D0zAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57&dq=%22MAECH+20,+1877,+%22&hl=en&ei=udYBTdriJMSBlAeX89m-CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22MAECH%2020%2C%201877%2C%20%22&f=false)
1879
EirÃkr Magnússon
[Description of a Norwegian Clog-Calendar](http://books.google.com/books?id=PSoIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Eir%C3%ADkr+Magn%C3%BAsson%22&hl=en&ei=IaBeTfS4KpK6tgelroylDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1879 Gilbert Goudie
[On Rune Inscribed Relics of](http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_136_164.pdf)
[the Norsemen in
Shetland](http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_013/13_136_164.pdf)
**1884 George Stephens**
[**Handbook of the Old-Northern**
**Runic Monuments of Scandinavia
and England**](http://books.google.com/books?id=Q-5CAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22George+Stephens%22&hl=en&ei=8uXZTcC-HYO-tgfggvjoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false)
**1891 Viktor Rydberg
[Hjältesagan om Rökstenen](http://runeberg.org/gudasaga/0539.html)
or
[The Heroic Saga on the Rök Stone](http://vrsidor.se/PDF/RokstenEssay.pdf)
1894 George Stephens
[The Runes, Whence Came They](http://books.google.com/books?id=lyNXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+stephens+runes&hl=en&ei=l9XUTL-SEISs8AaE-KCEDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1900 Elis Wadstein
#
[The Clermont Runic Casket](http://books.google.com/books?id=GiI7C6crYiIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=runic&hl=en&ei=H9YBTcywNIbGlQe5mdnmCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
(i.e. The Franks' Casket)
1910 George Tobias Flom
[The Kensington Runestone](http://books.google.com/books?id=sj91AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=george+tobias+flom&hl=en&ei=M87kTMiBCYKclgeC9_WDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1915 Bruce Dickins, ed.
[Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZV6eiZ8oHEYC&pg=PR3&dq=runic+and+heroic+poems+dickins&hl=en&ei=WXj4TN2HH4P58Abq2vDLAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false)
1999 R. I. Page, editor
[The Icelandic Rune-Poem](http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/The%20Icelandic%20Rune-Poem.pdf)
1922 Eric Brate
[Sverges
Runinskrifter](http://runeberg.org/runor/)
Sweden's Runic Inscriptions w/illustrations
2014 [Cypher Runes:
Medieval Text Messaging and Early Encryption](original/JOTUNVELLIR.html)
[An
English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions](http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/)
in the Younger Futhark
---
[VIKTOR RYDBERG](viktor_rydberg/warburg1.pdf)
Swedish Poet and Scholar
[1828-1895]
[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/main.html)
Viktor Rydberg
[The Complete
Mythological Works](http://www.germanicmythology.com/viktor_rydberg/viktor_rydberg.html)
Including
Original Translations of
Teutonic Mythology
(Investigations into Germanic Mythology Vol. I)
âandâ
[The
Sword of Victory](http://www.germanicmythology.com/segersvardet/serial1.html)
(Segersvårdet)
[â¼](http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/)
1870 to Present
[â¼](http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/)
[Over a
Century of Scholarship](http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/main.html)
pertaining to Viktor Rydberg and his work
Dispelling
Disinformation
Exposing the truth behind the internet campaign
to discredit Viktor Rydberg and his work
| |
| --- |
| **I.
[The Curious Case of](http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/cartoontext.html)
[the
Mis-Captioned Cartoon](http://www.germanicmythology.com/scholarship/cartoontext.html):
"The Barbarians Enter the Forum"** |
| **II.
[Rydberg & Racism:](http://www.germanicmythology.com/viktor_rydberg/rydbergandrace.html)
Exposing false allegations of 'Aryan' Racism
and Anti-Semitism
perpetrated by internet cults
opposed to Rydberg's mythological thesis.** |
|
III.
[Was Viktor Rydberg Gay](viktor_rydberg/RudolfStrom.html)?
Examining the evidence for the post-modern theory
in light of newly discovered letters. |
[The Viktor Rydberg Society](http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/)
[Viktor Rydberg-sällskapet](http://rydbergsallskapet.nu/)
[Viktor's Site](http://vrsidor.se/eng/index.html)
His Life, His Books, His Face
by Tore Lund **Author of *Den trogne smugglaren***
---
ORIGINAL WORKS
[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html)
William P. Reaves
presents....
[The Aesir and the
Elves](original/AesirandElves.pdf)
[Ãsmegin: Thor's Might](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/ThorsStrength.html)
and the Belt of Strength
[The Cult of Freyr and Freyja](original/Freyja%20and%20Odr%202008%20CULT%20OF%20FREYR%20AND%20FREYJA.pdf)
[Freyja's *fressa*](original/FreyjasCats.html)
A car drawn by cats?
| |
| --- |
| **[Going to Hel:](original/Going%20to%20Hel.pdf)
[The Consequences of a Heathen Life](original/Going%20to%20Hel.pdf)**
[Heimdall:
Bridging the Gap](original/HeimdallBridgingtheGap.html)
The Life and Times of
The
Guardian of the Gods
|
[In Search of the Iðavöllr](original/Idavollr.html)
The Place the Gods Gather
**[Odin's Wife:](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html)**
**[Mother Earth
in Germanic
Mythology](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/earthmother.html)**
\*\*
[Now in P](https://www.amazon.com/Odins-Wife-Mother-Germanic-Mythology/dp/0578430428/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544340388&sr=8-2&keywords=odin%27s+wife)[rint](https://www.amazon.com/Odins-Wife-Mother-Germanic-Mythology/dp/0578430428/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544340388&sr=8-2&keywords=odin%27s+wife)
\*\*
| |
| **[Old Norse Cosmology](original/cosmology1.html)
Images of Yggdrasil and the Nine Worlds** |
[Thor's Burden](original/ThorsBurden.html)
The Trouble with Translating
â*minn ögur*â in
Hárbarðsljóð 13
[Týr
the One-Handed:](original/tyr_the_onehanded_who.html)
[Who's Your Daddy?](original/tyr_the_onehanded_who.html)
[Where on Earth is Asgard?](original/WhereOnEarthisAsgard.html)
What Snorri's Edda Really Says About Asgard
\*\*\*
Eysteinn Björnsson's
[Jörmungrund](https://web.archive.org/web/20120921130228/https://notendur.hi.is/eybjorn/ugm/)
\*\*\*
Mats Wendt
presents
[](http://www.eddan.net/)
The Complete Norse Mythology
Set to Music
A Symphonic Suite in 158
parts
Over 16 hours of music
---
The
Heathen Host
[The
Norroena Society](http://www.norroena.org/)
[The Asatru Edda](https://norroena.org/product/the-asatru-edda-2nd-edition/) &
[Other Publications](https://norroena.org/the-norroena-society-publications/)
[Research Articles](https://norroena.org/research-articles/),
[The Sedian Nation](https://www.facebook.com/groups/557719238300213)
[Voluspa.org](https://www.voluspa.org/)
[Genealogy of the Germanic Gods](http://www.germanicmythology.com/original/FamilyTree.html)
by Geoffrey E. Gilbert
[Ãsatrúarfélagið](http://asatru.is)
The Icelandic Asatru Fellowship
[Heathen Books](original/heathenbooks.html)
*by* [Heathen
Authors](original/heathenbooks.html)
[](original/heathenbooks.html)
â§â
CONTACT INFORMATION
[Please
contact the webmaster](mailto:[email protected]?subject=Original Work at Germanic Mythology)
All Donations are appreciated and
will be used to maintain this site.
Thank You For Your Support!**[](http://www.germanicmythology.com/PoeticEdda/Grimnismal.html) **1893 Odin by Georg C. Rosen**
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
**"Hétomk GrÃmr,
hétomk Gangleri,
Herian ok Hiálmberi,
Ãekkr ok Ãriði,
Ãuðr ok Uðr,
Helblindi ok Hár;**
|
**46.
âI am called Battle-mask, I am called Wanderer, War-lord and
Helm-bearer, Knowing and Third, Thund and Ud,
Hel-blind and High,** |
| **Saðr ok Svipall
ok Sanngetall,
Herteitr ok Hnikarr,
Bileygr, Báleygr,
Bölverkr, Fiölnir,
GrÃmr ok GrÃmnir,
Glapsviðr ok Fiölsviðr;** | **47.
âTruth and Fleeting, and Truth-getter,
Host-glad, Inciter, Feeble-eye, Blaze-eye, Bale-worker, Hider,
Battle-mask and Masked One, Seducer and Much-wise,**
|
| **SÃðhöttr, SÃðskeggr,
Sigföðr, Hnikuðr,
Alföðr, Valföðr,
AtrÃðr ok Farmatýr;
eino nafni
hétomk aldregi,
sÃz ek með fólkom fór."** | **48.
âDrooping hat, Drooping-beard, Victory-father, Egger-on,
All-father, Corpse-father, Attacking-rider, Cargo-god, by one
name I have never been known, since I fared forth among the
folks.'** |
| ***from GrÃmnismál* 46-48
2011 Andy Orchard Translation** |
****[](original/HeimdallBridgingtheGap.html)****
|
**"The eye for our antiquities often merely wants opening,"**
**âJacob Grimm****© 2010-2022 All Rights Reserved** |
| http://www.germanicmythology.com/ |
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</style><p><strong>EDIT: A few weeks later, I realise I'm one more amateur who caught a wave of quarantine-sourdough-making here. I'm still baking this recipe daily, but there are <a href="https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1018028-sourdough-no-knead-bread">much simpler recipes</a> for anyone who wants something really easy and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85o0tVqaP1E">much more complex recipes</a> for anyone who wants something really spectacular.</strong></p>
<h1>Quarantine Bread</h1>
<p>Bread is a good quarantine recipe. The ingredients are cheaper<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-calories"><a href="#fn-calories">1</a></sup>, denser and have a longer shelf-life than the final product, and the process of turning one into the other requires much more time than effort.</p>
<p>This recipe will take 16 hours of waiting, and about 15 mins of activity<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-first"><a href="#fn-first">2</a></sup>. It has four ingredients, requires nothing fancier than a dutch oven, and is surprisingly hard to mess up. Below are the first<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-baked"><a href="#fn-baked">3</a></sup> and tenth loaves I've ever baked, both with this recipe:</p>
<p><img src="/source/bread/mine-combo.jpg" alt="my bread"></p>
<p>The first was good; the tenth was great. Don't ask me what changed other than 'practice'; I didn't keep good enough notes.</p>
<h2>Ingredients</h2>
<ul>
<li>Plain flour, 330g</li>
<li>Salt, 6g</li>
<li>Instant yeast, 1/12th teaspoon<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-twelfth"><a href="#fn-twelfth">4</a></sup></li>
<li>260g of lukewarm<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-lukewarm"><a href="#fn-lukewarm">5</a></sup> water</li>
</ul>
<h2>Equipment</h2>
<ul>
<li>Dutch oven<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-dutch"><a href="#fn-dutch">6</a></sup></li>
<li>Oven gloves</li>
<li>Mixing bowl</li>
<li>Kitchen bowl<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-bowl"><a href="#fn-bowl">7</a></sup></li>
<li>Plastic bag</li>
<li>Kitchen scales</li>
<li>Thermometer (optional)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Schedule</h2>
<p>There are many steps, but they are all very short. If you mess something up, don't worry, just carry on with the recipe. It'll probably be fine.</p>
<h3>The Night Before</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>7:00pm</strong>:<ul>
<li>Put the flour and water in the mixing bowl. </li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/C4tgEQw4ibs?t=184">Mix with your hand</a>.</li>
<li>Put the bowl in the bag to keep the dough moist.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>7:30pm</strong>:<ul>
<li>Sprinkle the salt and yeast on top. </li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/HoY7CPw0E1s?t=96">Pincer and fold it in with your hand</a>. </li>
<li>Put the bowl back in the bag.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>8:00pm</strong>: <ul>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/CQHuWDEo3SA?t=76">Fold the dough</a>. </li>
<li>Put the bowl back in the bag.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>8:30pm</strong>: <ul>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/CQHuWDEo3SA?t=76">Fold the dough</a>. </li>
<li>Put the bowl back in the bag and leave overnight.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>The Morning Of</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>8:00am</strong>: <ul>
<li>Dampen the inside of the kitchen bowl, then cover the bowl in a layer of flour.<ul>
<li>The water's to help the flour stick to the vertical bits of the bowl; the flour's to stop the dough from sticking to the bowl. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/MPdedk9gJLQ?t=119">Shape the loaf</a>. </li>
<li>Put the shaped loaf in the floured kitchen bowl. </li>
<li>Flour the top of the shaped loaf.<ul>
<li>The top of the dough now will be the bottom of the loaf. Lots of flour will stop it sticking to the dutch oven.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Put the bowl in the bag.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>8:30am</strong>:<ul>
<li>Set the oven to 250C/Gas Mark 9ish, or as close as you can get. </li>
<li>Put the dutch oven in the oven to preheat.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>9:15am</strong>: <ul>
<li>With <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> take the dutch oven out and take the lid off. </li>
<li>Rest the <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> on the dutch oven and lid so you don't try to pick them up with bare hands. </li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/rtoMhY0vS9E?t=132">Turn out the dough onto a floured surface</a>.<ul>
<li>If it sticks, just get your hand in there and scrape it out while breaking as few 'strands' as possible. Don't panic if you do, it'll turn out fine.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><em>CAREFULLY</em> put the dough in the dutch oven. </li>
<li>With <em>OVEN GLOVES</em>, put the lid back on, then put the dutch oven in the oven.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>9:45am</strong>: <ul>
<li>With <em>OVEN GLOVES</em>, take the lid off the dutch oven. This is to let the crust brown.</li>
<li>Rest the <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> on the removed lid so you don't try to pick it up. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>10:00am</strong>: <ul>
<li>Check the colour of crust; if it's dark enough for you, use <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> to take the loaf out now. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>10:15am</strong>: <ul>
<li>Check the colour of the crust; if it's dark enough for you, use <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> take the loaf out now. </li>
<li>Upend the dutch oven onto the worksurface and hope the loaf falls out.<ul>
<li>If it doesn't, leave the loaf to steam itself upside-down for a while, then try and lever it out with a spatula or something.</li>
<li>Use more flour on the bottom in future.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rest the loaf at a 45' angle against something so it can cool from all directions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>10:45am</strong>: <ul>
<li>The loaf is now cool. <ul>
<li>Cut it sooner than this and some of the moisture will escape as steam.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Cut a slice.</li>
<li>Cover it in butter.</li>
<li>Eat. </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The <em>OVEN GLOVES</em> are emphasised because you <em>will</em> accidentally reach for something screaming hot, and even glancing contact with 250C metal makes for a bad burn.</p>
<h2>Notes</h2>
<p>The recipe is a 500g version of Ken Forkish's Overnight White Loaf. <a href="https://smile.amazon.co.uk/Flour-Water-Salt-Yeast-Fundamentals/dp/160774273X">His book has details, explanations, and a load more recipes</a>.</p>
<p>There are many bread recipes on the internet, and many variations of this particular recipe<sup class="footnote-ref" id="fnref-hn"><a href="#fn-hn">8</a></sup>. If you've not baked bread before, try not to get paralysed choosing between recipes or choosing between equipment. Use what you have, pick a recipe - any recipe - and just try it out. The uplift in quality you'll get from a trial run is much greater than the uplift from having picked the exact right recipe.</p>
<p>If you are the kind of person who really likes to do their research first though, the places to start are Forkish's book and <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Breadit">/r/breadit</a>.</p>
<p>I wrote this recipe out <em>despite</em> there being a thousand other equivalent recipes out there because I was annoyed by the the amount of cruft folded into most recipe descriptions. A bullet-pointed schedule, on a minimalist website, with links to technique videos, well, I felt it'd appeal to people who wouldn't usually bake.</p>
<div class="footnotes">
<hr>
<ol><li id="fn-calories"><p>If you fancy living 13th-century style, 2000kcal of home-made bread is 35p of flour, salt and yeast.<a href="#fnref-calories" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-first"><p>Maybe not 15 mins your first time round.<a href="#fnref-first" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-baked"><p>And that was a few weeks ago.<a href="#fnref-baked" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-twelfth"><p>A third of a quarter-teaspoon. It's too small to measure with a normal gram-accurate scale.<a href="#fnref-twelfth" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-lukewarm"><p>34C if you've got a a thermometer, but a few degrees of drift won't change much. Main limit is 40C, beyond which the yeast will die.<a href="#fnref-lukewarm" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-dutch"><p>Honestly any oven-safe metal or ceramic dish with a lid will do.<a href="#fnref-dutch" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-bowl"><p>Ideally 15cm-ish across. It doesn't matter much.<a href="#fnref-bowl" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn-hn"><p><a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22625590">HackerNews</a> has some suggestions.<a href="#fnref-hn" class="footnote">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>
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<small>2020/03/18</small>
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Quarantine Bread
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**EDIT: A few weeks later, I realise I'm one more amateur who caught a wave of quarantine-sourdough-making here. I'm still baking this recipe daily, but there are [much simpler recipes](https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1018028-sourdough-no-knead-bread) for anyone who wants something really easy and [much more complex recipes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85o0tVqaP1E) for anyone who wants something really spectacular.**
# Quarantine Bread
Bread is a good quarantine recipe. The ingredients are cheaper[1](#fn-calories), denser and have a longer shelf-life than the final product, and the process of turning one into the other requires much more time than effort.
This recipe will take 16 hours of waiting, and about 15 mins of activity[2](#fn-first). It has four ingredients, requires nothing fancier than a dutch oven, and is surprisingly hard to mess up. Below are the first[3](#fn-baked) and tenth loaves I've ever baked, both with this recipe:
The first was good; the tenth was great. Don't ask me what changed other than 'practice'; I didn't keep good enough notes.
## Ingredients
* Plain flour, 330g
* Salt, 6g
* Instant yeast, 1/12th teaspoon[4](#fn-twelfth)
* 260g of lukewarm[5](#fn-lukewarm) water
## Equipment
* Dutch oven[6](#fn-dutch)
* Oven gloves
* Mixing bowl
* Kitchen bowl[7](#fn-bowl)
* Plastic bag
* Kitchen scales
* Thermometer (optional)
## Schedule
There are many steps, but they are all very short. If you mess something up, don't worry, just carry on with the recipe. It'll probably be fine.
### The Night Before
* **7:00pm**:
+ Put the flour and water in the mixing bowl.
+ [Mix with your hand](https://youtu.be/C4tgEQw4ibs?t=184).
+ Put the bowl in the bag to keep the dough moist.
* **7:30pm**:
+ Sprinkle the salt and yeast on top.
+ [Pincer and fold it in with your hand](https://youtu.be/HoY7CPw0E1s?t=96).
+ Put the bowl back in the bag.
* **8:00pm**:
+ [Fold the dough](https://youtu.be/CQHuWDEo3SA?t=76).
+ Put the bowl back in the bag.
* **8:30pm**:
+ [Fold the dough](https://youtu.be/CQHuWDEo3SA?t=76).
+ Put the bowl back in the bag and leave overnight.
### The Morning Of
* **8:00am**:
+ Dampen the inside of the kitchen bowl, then cover the bowl in a layer of flour.
- The water's to help the flour stick to the vertical bits of the bowl; the flour's to stop the dough from sticking to the bowl.
+ [Shape the loaf](https://youtu.be/MPdedk9gJLQ?t=119).
+ Put the shaped loaf in the floured kitchen bowl.
+ Flour the top of the shaped loaf.
- The top of the dough now will be the bottom of the loaf. Lots of flour will stop it sticking to the dutch oven.
+ Put the bowl in the bag.
* **8:30am**:
+ Set the oven to 250C/Gas Mark 9ish, or as close as you can get.
+ Put the dutch oven in the oven to preheat.
* **9:15am**:
+ With *OVEN GLOVES* take the dutch oven out and take the lid off.
+ Rest the *OVEN GLOVES* on the dutch oven and lid so you don't try to pick them up with bare hands.
+ [Turn out the dough onto a floured surface](https://youtu.be/rtoMhY0vS9E?t=132).
- If it sticks, just get your hand in there and scrape it out while breaking as few 'strands' as possible. Don't panic if you do, it'll turn out fine.
+ *CAREFULLY* put the dough in the dutch oven.
+ With *OVEN GLOVES*, put the lid back on, then put the dutch oven in the oven.
* **9:45am**:
+ With *OVEN GLOVES*, take the lid off the dutch oven. This is to let the crust brown.
+ Rest the *OVEN GLOVES* on the removed lid so you don't try to pick it up.
* **10:00am**:
+ Check the colour of crust; if it's dark enough for you, use *OVEN GLOVES* to take the loaf out now.
* **10:15am**:
+ Check the colour of the crust; if it's dark enough for you, use *OVEN GLOVES* take the loaf out now.
+ Upend the dutch oven onto the worksurface and hope the loaf falls out.
- If it doesn't, leave the loaf to steam itself upside-down for a while, then try and lever it out with a spatula or something.
- Use more flour on the bottom in future.
+ Rest the loaf at a 45' angle against something so it can cool from all directions.
* **10:45am**:
+ The loaf is now cool.
- Cut it sooner than this and some of the moisture will escape as steam.
+ Cut a slice.
+ Cover it in butter.
+ Eat.
The *OVEN GLOVES* are emphasised because you *will* accidentally reach for something screaming hot, and even glancing contact with 250C metal makes for a bad burn.
## Notes
The recipe is a 500g version of Ken Forkish's Overnight White Loaf. [His book has details, explanations, and a load more recipes](https://smile.amazon.co.uk/Flour-Water-Salt-Yeast-Fundamentals/dp/160774273X).
There are many bread recipes on the internet, and many variations of this particular recipe[8](#fn-hn). If you've not baked bread before, try not to get paralysed choosing between recipes or choosing between equipment. Use what you have, pick a recipe - any recipe - and just try it out. The uplift in quality you'll get from a trial run is much greater than the uplift from having picked the exact right recipe.
If you are the kind of person who really likes to do their research first though, the places to start are Forkish's book and [/r/breadit](https://www.reddit.com/r/Breadit).
I wrote this recipe out *despite* there being a thousand other equivalent recipes out there because I was annoyed by the the amount of cruft folded into most recipe descriptions. A bullet-pointed schedule, on a minimalist website, with links to technique videos, well, I felt it'd appeal to people who wouldn't usually bake.
---
1. If you fancy living 13th-century style, 2000kcal of home-made bread is 35p of flour, salt and yeast.[↩](#fnref-calories)
2. Maybe not 15 mins your first time round.[↩](#fnref-first)
3. And that was a few weeks ago.[↩](#fnref-baked)
4. A third of a quarter-teaspoon. It's too small to measure with a normal gram-accurate scale.[↩](#fnref-twelfth)
5. 34C if you've got a a thermometer, but a few degrees of drift won't change much. Main limit is 40C, beyond which the yeast will die.[↩](#fnref-lukewarm)
6. Honestly any oven-safe metal or ceramic dish with a lid will do.[↩](#fnref-dutch)
7. Ideally 15cm-ish across. It doesn't matter much.[↩](#fnref-bowl)
8. [HackerNews](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22625590) has some suggestions.[↩](#fnref-hn)
2020/03/18
[icons by dave gandy](https://fontawesome.com/license), theme by [#6d2e98](https://color-hex.org/color/6d2e98 "i have never been funny")
| https://andyljones.com/posts/bread.html |
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/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2FPatch_Project_Hessdalen.74bfea73.png&w=750&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2FPatch_Project_Hessdalen.74bfea73.png&w=750&q=75"/></div><br/><div class="mantine-Center-root mantine-ojrz4j"><iframe class="w-full aspect-video" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7gLbO0hEBEI?si=dfxfQy_I9jeoRZF1" title="Hunting Alien Techno-Signatures with Science / Massimo - Project Hessdalen" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share"></iframe></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Project Hessdalen</h2><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">Mission</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-17yeyua">Collect high quality data on the Hessdalen Lights phenomenon and explain the science behind it.</div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div 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-3h.001z"></path></svg></span></div></button></a></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-ss2azu">Project Hessdalen, established in 1983, is a <a href="https://www.explorescu.org/partners" target="partners">partner</a> in the Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies (<a href="https://www.explorescu.org/" target="scu">SCU</a>).<br/><br/>UAPs, UFOs, USOs and OVNIs are now studied by:<br/><div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-ss2azu" style="cursor:pointer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mantine-Rle24r6-dropdown" id="mantine-Rle24r6-target"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-arrow-down-circle" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="blue" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"></circle><line x1="8" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="16" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line></svg> <b>US Department of Defense</b>: UAPTF/AOIMSG (since 2020)</div></div><div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-ss2azu" style="cursor:pointer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mantine-Rne24r6-dropdown" id="mantine-Rne24r6-target"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-arrow-down-circle" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="blue" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"></circle><line x1="8" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="16" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line></svg> <b>Harvard & Smithsonian</b>: The Galileo Project (since 2021)</div></div><div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-ss2azu" style="cursor:pointer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mantine-Rpe24r6-dropdown" id="mantine-Rpe24r6-target"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-arrow-down-circle" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="blue" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"></circle><line x1="8" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="16"></line><line x1="16" y1="12" x2="12" y2="16"></line></svg> <b>NASA</b>: Independent Study on UAPs (since 2022)</div></div><br/>The <a href="https://blog.hessdalen.org/"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-1m6yltu" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Blog</span></div></button></a> has the latest news and updates.<br/><ul><li>Read about the Field Trip Weekend</li><li>Check our Developer Program.</li><li>Read about the people on the team.</li></ul>Soon to come:<ul><li>How to become a member</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-15hacub"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Center-root mantine-ojrz4j"><a href="https://youtu.be/X33k-RGenbo" target="youtube"><img alt="The Hessdalen UFO Project with Prof. Erling Strand" loading="lazy" width="84" height="84" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=256&q=75"/></a><a href="https://youtu.be/7hBUk13yE8s" target="youtube"><img alt="Erling Strand recounts his journey" loading="lazy" width="48" height="48" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=48&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75"/></a><a href="https://youtu.be/tPUcmVRMj_Y" target="youtube"><img alt="Jan Moen on Lehto Files" loading="lazy" width="48" height="48" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=48&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75"/></a><a href="https://youtu.be/sIZ9J2gy1qI" target="youtube"><img alt="Tomas Dahl on Lehto Files" loading="lazy" width="48" height="48" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=48&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75"/></a><a href="https://youtu.be/q_9DyxGceQo" target="youtube"><img alt="Erling Strand on Lehto Files" loading="lazy" width="48" height="48" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=48&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75"/></a><a href="https://youtu.be/K5XluLrIqCQ" target="youtube"><img alt="Clas Svahn on Lehto Files" loading="lazy" width="48" height="48" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=48&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fyoutube.4f09fb66.png&w=96&q=75"/></a></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2"><b>Check out Isaiah Photo's entertaining <a href="https://youtu.be/AwYiEWLSDhA?si=nCe9dIxkhL3ndMkI" target="youtube">video from Hessdalen</a>.</b><br/><b>Want to join our <a href="/field-trip">Field Trip Weekend</a> in 2024?</b><br/>- Fred Pallesen, VP</div></div></div><div class="mantine-15hacub"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1v7xmkc">Hessdalen is a hotspot for <br/>unexplained arial phenomena.</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-116z1ei">These mesmerizing objects are undeniably real, and their presence shows no signs of fading away.</div><div class="mantine-1cw9ra3"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-10gjcof"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="450" height="450" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Ftype4.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Ftype4.jpg&w=1080&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Ftype4.jpg&w=1080&q=75"/><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-19bz0tr"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-b6e2c5"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">1</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-b6e2c5"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">2</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-b6e2c5"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">3</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-b6e2c5"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">4</span></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">The Phenomena</div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Type 1</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="lightblue" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Strong, white or blue flashes.</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Lasting anywhere from a fraction of a second to a few seconds</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Type 2</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="orange" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Yellow or yellow-white ball of light.</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">These have different shapes. They can stand still for minutes, even hours, and they can move slowly, or fast. Can be several meters in diameter. The ground has been illuminated. Another light with another color can be attached to the main light.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Type 3</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="red" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Several lights together.</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">It looks like the lights are connected to an object.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Type 4</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Daylight objects</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">The Hessdalen Phenomenon manifests itself as much more than a light phenomenon. During field studies, 10 times more radar detections of objects were recorded, compared to visible observations. Hence these objects are frequently invisible in the optical spectrum, which adds to the mystery.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div class="mantine-1vafhqn"><a href="/ufo-research"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Research</span></div></button></a><a href="/ufo-reports"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Reports</span></div></button></a></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div><h1 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-12mjigb"><span style="color:#1971c2">Companies</span> that support us:</h1><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-dcuc4v">creative volunteers / scientific inquiries / cutting edge technologies / youth empowerment</div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw" style="background-color:rgb(233, 243, 236);border-radius:10px;padding:1em 2em"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1gkn7yh"><img alt="Ren Røros Digital" loading="lazy" width="200" height="100" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/RenRoros_digital_svart.5938f2de.svg"/></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1d3rbc5"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1uucfl0">Har du behov for hjelp til å forenkle og effektivisere din IT-hverdag?<br/>Ren Røros Digital hjelper deg.</div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-do1ase"><a href="https://renroros.no/it-tjenester/" target="renroros">https://renroros.no/it-tjenester/</a></div></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-dcuc4v"><a href="https://blog.hessdalen.org/web-annonser" target="bannerad">Donate and get your company listed here</a></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1ma5qv5">24/7 Automatic Anomaly Surveillance</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-116z1ei">When the phenomena appears the system will <b>automatically</b> start recording.<br/>We are working to integrate live streaming and mobile notifications for members.</div><div class="mantine-1cw9ra3"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-10gjcof"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="450" height="450" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-2.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-2.jpg&w=1080&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-2.jpg&w=1080&q=75"/><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-19bz0tr"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">1</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">2</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">3</span></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">The Equipment</div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">The Blue Box</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">With all the Equipment to capture the Phenomena.</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Live camera. Alarm system. Magnetometer. Radar. Spectrum Analyzer. Two weather stations.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Live Streaming</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">3 x Novus NVC-GDN5801C-2</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">There are two cameras directed towards the southwest and one camera to the northwest.<br/><i>We want to upgrade our cameras!</i></div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Goal: Triangulate and follow</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">a scientific endeavour</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">we need to get all of it - optical, radar, thermal, wide band spectrum analyzer, magnetometer, all correlated in a tracking mode configuration</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div class="mantine-1vafhqn"><a href="/work-in-progress"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Blue Box</span></div></button></a><a href="/work-in-progress"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Live streaming</span></div></button></a></div></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1m6icp7">A new international research initiative</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-116z1ei">"The Hessdalen phenomenon represents the most important laboratory <b>in the world</b> to study recurrent anomalous aerial phenomena”<br/>- Massimo Teodorani</div><div class="mantine-1cw9ra3"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-10gjcof"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="450" height="450" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-es.jpeg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-es.jpeg&w=1080&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-es.jpeg&w=1080&q=75"/><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-19bz0tr"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">1</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">2</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-10g25be"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">3</span></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">The Research Team</div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Erling P. Strand <a target="_blank" href="https://www.erling-strand.no/english/"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-goak7s" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-Button-icon mantine-Button-leftIcon mantine-1jbrfp"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-external-link" width="1rem" height="1rem" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M11 7h-5a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h9a2 2 0 0 0 2 -2v-5"></path><line x1="10" y1="14" x2="20" y2="4"></line><polyline points="15 4 20 4 20 9"></polyline></svg></span><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label"></span></div></button></a></h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">The President of Project Hessdalen</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Co-founded and led the Hessdalen project in the early 1980s. Through field investigations, monitoring systems, and data collection, he applies scientific methods and advanced equipment to study the nature and characteristics of the Hessdalen lights.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Massimo Teodorani <a target="_blank" href="https://massimoteodorani.com/"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-goak7s" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-Button-icon mantine-Button-leftIcon mantine-1jbrfp"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-external-link" width="1rem" height="1rem" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M11 7h-5a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h9a2 2 0 0 0 2 -2v-5"></path><line x1="10" y1="14" x2="20" y2="4"></line><polyline points="15 4 20 4 20 9"></polyline></svg></span><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label"></span></div></button></a></h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Ph.D. in Astrophysics</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Scientific consultant in Project Hessdalen<br/>An astrophysicist, specializes in atmospheric and plasma physics. His research focuses on the unique light emissions observed in Hessdalen, resulting in scientific publications and presentations at conferences.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">The Team</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">UFO witnesses, engineers, programmers, and more.</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Established in the summer of 1983, Project Hessdalen has seen the involvement of some team members since its inception. Now, a new generation of researchers, engineers, software developers, and community builders are joining the team, further strengthening the project goals.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div class="mantine-1vafhqn"><a href="/work-in-progress"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">People</span></div></button></a><a href="/work-in-progress"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Teams</span></div></button></a></div></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-v3xl8i">The Hessdalen Phenomenon is unique<br/> - help us!</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-116z1ei">Donate or become a member to help us solve this enigma that could lead to new discoveries within science, energy and humanity itself.</div><div class="mantine-1cw9ra3"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-10gjcof"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="450" height="450" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fpg-discord.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fpg-discord.jpg&w=1080&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fpg-discord.jpg&w=1080&q=75"/><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-19bz0tr"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-n3bxxx"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">1</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-n3bxxx"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">2</span></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">The Community</div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Discord</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Always free to subscribe</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Project Hessdalen is an open Discord community server.<br/>Want to ask questions to the researchers? Join the Discord server.</div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><a class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x4ign9" type="button" data-button="true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-Button-icon mantine-Button-leftIcon mantine-108fia6"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.75rem" height="1.75rem" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="tabler-icon tabler-icon-brand-discord"><path d="M9 12m-1 0a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M15 12m-1 0a1 1 0 1 0 2 0a1 1 0 1 0 -2 0"></path><path d="M7.5 7.5c3.5 -1 5.5 -1 9 0"></path><path d="M7 16.5c3.5 1 6.5 1 10 0"></path><path d="M15.5 17c0 1 1.5 3 2 3c1.5 0 2.833 -1.667 3.5 -3c.667 -1.667 .5 -5.833 -1.5 -11.5c-1.457 -1.015 -3 -1.34 -4.5 -1.5l-1 2.5"></path><path d="M8.5 17c0 1 -1.356 3 -1.832 3c-1.429 0 -2.698 -1.667 -3.333 -3c-.635 -1.667 -.476 -5.833 1.428 -11.5c1.388 -1.015 2.782 -1.34 4.237 -1.5l1 2.5"></path></svg></span><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Join Discord</span></div></a><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Membership</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Help us fund the project</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2"><b>5 Euro per month</b><br/>Access to the member area in discord.<br/>Access to Stage events for members only.<br/>With rights as specified in the articles of association.<br/><br/><i>We plan to enable <b>mobile notifications</b> every time the AI detects an anomaly - then you could access the live streaming cameras and see what is going on. These notifications will be sent to members only.</i></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-1vafhqn"><a target="_blank" href="https://ko-fi.com/projecthessdalen"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-15dafrk" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Membership</span><span class="mantine-Button-icon mantine-Button-rightIcon mantine-467wo8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-external-link" width="1rem" height="1rem" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M11 7h-5a2 2 0 0 0 -2 2v9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h9a2 2 0 0 0 2 -2v-5"></path><line x1="10" y1="14" x2="20" y2="4"></line><polyline points="15 4 20 4 20 9"></polyline></svg></span></div></button></a><a href="/membership"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">How and why ...</span></div></button></a></div></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div></div></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Divider-root mantine-Divider-horizontal mantine-1a1e294" role="separator"></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1g8uznb">Be part of the solution</div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-116z1ei">Join us in our mission to solve the ultimate cosmic puzzle!</div><div class="mantine-1cw9ra3"></div><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-16fdnqw"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-10gjcof"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="450" height="450" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-field.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-field.jpg&w=1080&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fimg%2Fph-field.jpg&w=1080&q=75"/><div class="mantine-Grid-root mantine-19bz0tr"><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-n3bxxx"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">1</span></div></button></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-n3bxxx"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-17l6k5b" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">2</span></div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="mantine-Grid-col mantine-1cwetaz"><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-19i86oa">The Action</div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Field Trip Weekend:<br/>September 6-8, 2024</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Observe, investigate, and experience</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Workshop on how to use the UAP detection equipment in the field. Late night field work on two known hotspot for unexplained arial phenomena in the valley. Guided tours and eye-witnesses telling about their sightings of UFOs. Discussions around the campfire. And lectures by Erling Strand and Massimo Teodorani.<br/><b>Now is your chance to join! - limited to 24 participants</b></div><div class="mantine-ch1i5f"></div><a href="/field-trip"><button class="mantine-UnstyledButton-root mantine-Button-root mantine-x8wylv" type="button" data-button="true"><div class="mantine-1wpc1xj mantine-Button-inner"><span class="mantine-1ryt1ht mantine-Button-label">Event details</span></div></button></a></div><div class="mantine-10zgu65"></div><div style="cursor:pointer"><h2 class="mantine-Text-root mantine-Title-root mantine-44ka9h">Donate</h2><div class="mantine-pzjwb"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-eye" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="2"></circle><path d="M22 12c-2.667 4.667 -6 7 -10 7s-7.333 -2.333 -10 -7c2.667 -4.667 6 -7 10 -7s7.333 2.333 10 7"></path></svg><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-4gwjk4">Boost the project!</div></div><div class="mantine-Text-root mantine-1q3wlm2">Your substantial donation can shape the future of our research. 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dotted ButtonText;}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal;}progress{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;}textarea{overflow:auto;}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto;}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;}[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;-moz-appearance:button;-ms-appearance:button;appearance:button;font:inherit;}details,menu{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}canvas{display:inline-block;}template{display:none;}\*,\*::before,\*::after{box-sizing:border-box;}html{-webkit-print-color-scheme:dark;color-scheme:dark;}body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji;background-color:#1A1B1E;color:#C1C2C5;line-height:1.55;font-size:1rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;}[](/)[Have you seen a UFO?](/ufo-reporting)[Reports](/ufo-reports)[Live streaming](/live-streaming)[Research](/ufo-research)[Join Discord](https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X)[](/)[Join Discord](https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X)
## Project Hessdalen
MissionCollect high quality data on the Hessdalen Lights phenomenon and explain the science behind it.VisionDiscover unknown processes and laws of nature, find new sources of energy and potentially interact with unknown intelligences.[Our Goal](/manifesto)[old.hessdalen.org](https://old.hessdalen.org/)[Donate](/donate)Project Hessdalen, established in 1983, is a [partner](https://www.explorescu.org/partners) in the Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies ([SCU](https://www.explorescu.org/)).
UAPs, UFOs, USOs and OVNIs are now studied by:
**US Department of Defense**: UAPTF/AOIMSG (since 2020) **Harvard & Smithsonian**: The Galileo Project (since 2021) **NASA**: Independent Study on UAPs (since 2022)
The [Blog](https://blog.hessdalen.org/) has the latest news and updates.
* Read about the Field Trip Weekend
* Check our Developer Program.
* Read about the people on the team.
Soon to come:* How to become a member
[](https://youtu.be/X33k-RGenbo)[](https://youtu.be/7hBUk13yE8s)[](https://youtu.be/tPUcmVRMj_Y)[](https://youtu.be/sIZ9J2gy1qI)[](https://youtu.be/q_9DyxGceQo)[](https://youtu.be/K5XluLrIqCQ)**Check out Isaiah Photo's entertaining [video from Hessdalen](https://youtu.be/AwYiEWLSDhA?si=nCe9dIxkhL3ndMkI).**
**Want to join our [Field Trip Weekend](/field-trip) in 2024?**
- Fred Pallesen, VPHessdalen is a hotspot for
unexplained arial phenomena.These mesmerizing objects are undeniably real, and their presence shows no signs of fading away.1234The Phenomena## Type 1
Strong, white or blue flashes.Lasting anywhere from a fraction of a second to a few seconds## Type 2
Yellow or yellow-white ball of light.These have different shapes. They can stand still for minutes, even hours, and they can move slowly, or fast. Can be several meters in diameter. The ground has been illuminated. Another light with another color can be attached to the main light.## Type 3
Several lights together.It looks like the lights are connected to an object.## Type 4
Daylight objectsThe Hessdalen Phenomenon manifests itself as much more than a light phenomenon. During field studies, 10 times more radar detections of objects were recorded, compared to visible observations. Hence these objects are frequently invisible in the optical spectrum, which adds to the mystery.[Research](/ufo-research)[Reports](/ufo-reports)# Companies that support us:
creative volunteers / scientific inquiries / cutting edge technologies / youth empowermentHar du behov for hjelp til å forenkle og effektivisere din IT-hverdag?
Ren Røros Digital hjelper deg.<https://renroros.no/it-tjenester/>[Donate and get your company listed here](https://blog.hessdalen.org/web-annonser)24/7 Automatic Anomaly SurveillanceWhen the phenomena appears the system will **automatically** start recording.
We are working to integrate live streaming and mobile notifications for members.123The Equipment## The Blue Box
With all the Equipment to capture the Phenomena.Live camera. Alarm system. Magnetometer. Radar. Spectrum Analyzer. Two weather stations.## Live Streaming
3 x Novus NVC-GDN5801C-2There are two cameras directed towards the southwest and one camera to the northwest.
*We want to upgrade our cameras!*## Goal: Triangulate and follow
a scientific endeavourwe need to get all of it - optical, radar, thermal, wide band spectrum analyzer, magnetometer, all correlated in a tracking mode configuration[Blue Box](/work-in-progress)[Live streaming](/work-in-progress)A new international research initiative"The Hessdalen phenomenon represents the most important laboratory **in the world** to study recurrent anomalous aerial phenomena”
- Massimo Teodorani123The Research Team## Erling P. Strand
The President of Project HessdalenCo-founded and led the Hessdalen project in the early 1980s. Through field investigations, monitoring systems, and data collection, he applies scientific methods and advanced equipment to study the nature and characteristics of the Hessdalen lights.## Massimo Teodorani
Ph.D. in AstrophysicsScientific consultant in Project Hessdalen
An astrophysicist, specializes in atmospheric and plasma physics. His research focuses on the unique light emissions observed in Hessdalen, resulting in scientific publications and presentations at conferences.## The Team
UFO witnesses, engineers, programmers, and more.Established in the summer of 1983, Project Hessdalen has seen the involvement of some team members since its inception. Now, a new generation of researchers, engineers, software developers, and community builders are joining the team, further strengthening the project goals.[People](/work-in-progress)[Teams](/work-in-progress)The Hessdalen Phenomenon is unique
- help us!Donate or become a member to help us solve this enigma that could lead to new discoveries within science, energy and humanity itself.12The Community## Discord
Always free to subscribeProject Hessdalen is an open Discord community server.
Want to ask questions to the researchers? Join the Discord server.[Join Discord](https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X)## Membership
Help us fund the project**5 Euro per month**
Access to the member area in discord.
Access to Stage events for members only.
With rights as specified in the articles of association.
*We plan to enable **mobile notifications** every time the AI detects an anomaly - then you could access the live streaming cameras and see what is going on. These notifications will be sent to members only.*[Membership](https://ko-fi.com/projecthessdalen)[How and why ...](/membership)Be part of the solutionJoin us in our mission to solve the ultimate cosmic puzzle!12The Action## Field Trip Weekend:September 6-8, 2024
Observe, investigate, and experienceWorkshop on how to use the UAP detection equipment in the field. Late night field work on two known hotspot for unexplained arial phenomena in the valley. Guided tours and eye-witnesses telling about their sightings of UFOs. Discussions around the campfire. And lectures by Erling Strand and Massimo Teodorani.
**Now is your chance to join! - limited to 24 participants**[Event details](/field-trip)## Donate
Boost the project!Your substantial donation can shape the future of our research. With your support, we'll acquire advanced equipment, conduct field investigations, collaborate with experts, and analyze crucial data.
[Donate](/donate)[](/)[Have you seen a UFO?](/ufo-reporting)[Reports](/ufo-reports)[Live streaming](/live-streaming)[Research](/ufo-research)[Join Discord](https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X)[](/)[Join Discord](https://discord.gg/JmZr4kqD4X)[[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7213161f1b1c321a17010116131e171c5c1d00154d010710181711064f22203d38373126523a37212136333e373c523b1c03071b000b)
[Blog](https://blog.hessdalen.org/){"props":{"pageProps":{},"colorScheme":"dark"},"page":"/","query":{},"buildId":"SdAwEwyOklLRA7glTJStw","isFallback":false,"appGip":true,"scriptLoader":[]} | https://www.hessdalen.org/ |
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<title>Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages</title>
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mead, wine, beer, cider, alcohol, fermentation">
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Welcome to The Meadery. This page is dedicated to
that most ancient of fermented beverages, mead, with information on wine, beer and cider
as well. Other alcoholic beverages are also fair game, as well as a few miscellaneous links
that I find of interest.">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="Marc Shapiro">
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<h2 align=center>Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages</h2>
<a href="cintro.html">INTRODUCTION</a>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cwine.html">WINE & MEAD</a><p>
<a href="cwine.html#history of wine and mead"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>History of Wine and Mead</a><p>
<a href="cwine.html#how wine is made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Wine is Made</a><p>
<a href="cwine.html#how mead is made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Mead is Made</a><p>
<a href="cwine.html#the ills of wine and mead"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>The Ills of Wine & Mead</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#wine recipies"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Wine Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#cherry wine"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>The Countess of Newport's Cherry Wine</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#strawberry wine"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Strawberry Wine</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#cherries alone"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>To Make Wine of Cherries Alone</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#hippocras"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>the making of hippocras</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#mead recipies"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Mead Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#metheglyn"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>A Receipt to make a Tun of Metheglyn</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#liege"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>A RECEIPT TO MAKE METHEGLIN AS IT IS MADE AT LIEGE</a><p>
<a href="cwinerec.html#country housewife"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>mead recipe is taken from The Country Housewife</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cbeer.html">BEER</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#history of beer"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>History of Beer</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#how beer is made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Beer is Made</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#the ills of beer"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>The Ills of Beer</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#beer recipies"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Beer Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#sake"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>SAKE</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#ale with honey"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Ale with Honey</a><p>
<a href="cbeer.html#braggot"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Braggot</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cspirits.html">BRANDY & WHISKEY</A><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#history of distilled spirits"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>History of Distilled Spirits</a><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#theory of distillation"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Theory of Distillation</a><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#how distilled spirits are made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Distilled Spirits are made</a><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#brandy recipies"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Brandy Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#true spirits"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>How to make true spirit of wine</a><p>
<a href="cspirits.html#ordinarie spirits"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>How to make the ordinarie spirit of wine</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html">LIQUEURS and CORDIALS</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#history of liqueurs"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>History of Liqueurs and Cordials</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#how liqueurs are made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Liqueurs and Cordials are Made</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#liqueur recipes"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Liqueur and Cordial Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#rustique"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Recipe from Maison Rustique</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#spices"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Spirits of Spices</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#vegetable"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Spirit of wine tasting of what vegetable you please</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#aqua composita"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>D. Steevens Aqua composita</a><p>
<a href="cliqueur.html#aqua rubea"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>Aqua Rubea</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html">VINEGAR</a><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html#history of vinegar"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>History of Vinegar</a><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html#how vinegar is made"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>How Vinegar is Made</a><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html#uses of vinegar"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Uses of Vinegar</a><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html#vinegar recipes"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=10>Vinegar Recipes</a><p>
<a href="cvinegar.html#distilled vinegar"><img src=indent.gif border=0 hspace=20>How to distill wine vinegar or good Aligar</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="ctasting.html">HOW TO TASTE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cfruits.html">FRUITS AND SPICES</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cbibliog.html">BIBLIOGRAPHY</a><p>
<p><hr><p>
<a href="cindex.html">INDEX</a><p>
<hr>
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<th colspan=8><a href="index.html" onMouseOver="window.status='The Meadery Home Page';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true">Meadery Access</a></th>
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<td><a href="mead.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Mead Info and Links';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="goblet.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Mead<p></font></a></td>
<td><a href="wine.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Wine Info and Links';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="goblet2.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Wine<p></font></a></td>
<td><a href="cider.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Cider Info and Links';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="apple.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Cider<p></font></a></td>
<td><a href="beer.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Beer Info and Links';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="mug.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Beer<p></font></a></td>
<td><a href="genalc.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Info and Links for Cordials, Brandy, Whisky, etc.';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="genalc.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Potent<br>Potables</font></a></td>
<td><a href="convert.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Beer and Winemaking Calculations and Conversions';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="calc.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Calc</font></a></td>
<td><a href="misc.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Miscellaneous Links';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="question.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Misc<p></font></a></td>
<td><a href="research.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Personal research';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="research.gif" height=40 width=40><br><font size=2>Personal<br>Research</font></a></td>
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<th colspan=8><a href="amazon.html" onMouseOver="window.status='Buy books online from The Meadery in association with Amazon.com';return true" onMouseOut="window.status=' ';return true"><img src="cd645.gif" border=0>Books from The Meadery, in association with <img src="amzn-bla.gif" border=0></a></th>
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<center>This page last updated on March 2, 2001</center>
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Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages
## Alcoholic Drinks of the Middle Ages
[INTRODUCTION](cintro.html)
---
[WINE & MEAD](cwine.html)
[History of Wine and Mead](cwine.html#history of wine and mead)
[How Wine is Made](cwine.html#how wine is made)
[How Mead is Made](cwine.html#how mead is made)
[The Ills of Wine & Mead](cwine.html#the ills of wine and mead)
[Wine Recipes](cwinerec.html#wine recipies)
[The Countess of Newport's Cherry Wine](cwinerec.html#cherry wine)
[Strawberry Wine](cwinerec.html#strawberry wine)
[To Make Wine of Cherries Alone](cwinerec.html#cherries alone)
[the making of hippocras](cwinerec.html#hippocras)
[Mead Recipes](cwinerec.html#mead recipies)
[A Receipt to make a Tun of Metheglyn](cwinerec.html#metheglyn)
[A RECEIPT TO MAKE METHEGLIN AS IT IS MADE AT LIEGE](cwinerec.html#liege)
[mead recipe is taken from The Country Housewife](cwinerec.html#country housewife)
---
[BEER](cbeer.html)
[History of Beer](cbeer.html#history of beer)
[How Beer is Made](cbeer.html#how beer is made)
[The Ills of Beer](cbeer.html#the ills of beer)
[Beer Recipes](cbeer.html#beer recipies)
[SAKE](cbeer.html#sake)
[Ale with Honey](cbeer.html#ale with honey)
[Braggot](cbeer.html#braggot)
---
[BRANDY & WHISKEY](cspirits.html)
[History of Distilled Spirits](cspirits.html#history of distilled spirits)
[Theory of Distillation](cspirits.html#theory of distillation)
[How Distilled Spirits are made](cspirits.html#how distilled spirits are made)
[Brandy Recipes](cspirits.html#brandy recipies)
[How to make true spirit of wine](cspirits.html#true spirits)
[How to make the ordinarie spirit of wine](cspirits.html#ordinarie spirits)
---
[LIQUEURS and CORDIALS](cliqueur.html)
[History of Liqueurs and Cordials](cliqueur.html#history of liqueurs)
[How Liqueurs and Cordials are Made](cliqueur.html#how liqueurs are made)
[Liqueur and Cordial Recipes](cliqueur.html#liqueur recipes)
[Recipe from Maison Rustique](cliqueur.html#rustique)
[Spirits of Spices](cliqueur.html#spices)
[Spirit of wine tasting of what vegetable you please](cliqueur.html#vegetable)
[D. Steevens Aqua composita](cliqueur.html#aqua composita)
[Aqua Rubea](cliqueur.html#aqua rubea)
---
[VINEGAR](cvinegar.html)
[History of Vinegar](cvinegar.html#history of vinegar)
[How Vinegar is Made](cvinegar.html#how vinegar is made)
[Uses of Vinegar](cvinegar.html#uses of vinegar)
[Vinegar Recipes](cvinegar.html#vinegar recipes)
[How to distill wine vinegar or good Aligar](cvinegar.html#distilled vinegar)
---
[HOW TO TASTE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES](ctasting.html)
---
[FRUITS AND SPICES](cfruits.html)
---
[BIBLIOGRAPHY](cbibliog.html)
---
[INDEX](cindex.html)
---
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<td width="551" align="center"><b>
<font face="Book Antiqua" size="6" color="#581D03">Writing in Pilish</font></b><p style="margin-top: 4">
<font face="Book Antiqua">The word-length </font>
<font face="Georgia">π </font>
<font face="Book Antiqua">mnemonic constraint</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">The idea of writing a
sentence (or longer piece of poetry or prose) in which the lengths of
successive words represent the digits of the number </font>
<font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">
(=3.14159265358979...) has been around since the early 1900's. One of
the earliest and most well-known examples is the following sentence, believed
to have been composed by the English physicist Sir James Jeans:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'>
<font face="Verdana" size="2">How I need a drink, alcoholic in nature, after the
heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">The
first word in this sentence has 3 letters, the next word 1 letter, the next
word 4 letters, and so on, following the first fifteen digits of the number
</font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π. A longer example
is this poem with ABAB rhyme scheme from Joseph Shipley's 1960 book <i>Playing
With Words</i>:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Verdana" size="2">But a time I spent
wandering in gloomy<sup>1</sup> night;</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Verdana" size="2">Yon tower, tinkling
chimewise, loftily opportune.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Verdana" size="2">Out, up, and together
came sudden to Sunday rite,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Verdana" size="2">The one solemnly off to
correct plenilune.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 10pt"><sup>1</sup>
Shipley had "bloomy" here; we think our modification is an improvement.</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">It is
no coincidence that this poem (as well as every </font>
<font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">
mnemonic written prior to the 1990's) stops shortly before the 33<sup>rd</sup>
digit of </font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">,
because that digit of </font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π
</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">is a 0. How
should zeros be handled in this scheme? Some writers have used
punctuation or formatting of the text to indicate zeros - for example, the end
of each sentence could be a zero, or just certain punctuation marks such as
commas and/or semicolons. However, these methods are somewhat
artificial, and not as good (as a mnemonic device) as one that relies solely
on the number of letters in each word. We don't know who, but someone
eventually thought of using 10-letter words to represent zeros, which seems like
quite a good solution. With this method not only single zeros but runs
of zeros (like 00 or 000) become easy to handle. We call this form of
writing <b>Basic Pilish</b>, with "Pilish" being our word for "English that
follows the successive digits of pi." To summarize, the rules are:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">In <b>
Basic Pilish,</b> each word of n letters represents</font></i></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">(1)<i>
The digit n if n</i><10</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">(2) <i>
The digit 0 if n=</i>10</font></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2><span style="font-weight: 400"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">This
rule works very nicely for hundreds of digits, enabling the construction of
long </font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π texts in which the
constraint is nearly invisible to the reader</font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Book Antiqua">.
But eventually one encounters a small problem, which leads to the development
of...</font></span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-weight: 400"><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Book Antiqua">
<br>
</font></span>
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 16pt" color="#581D03">Standard
Pilish</font></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">A small
but troubling issue with Basic Pilish is that long runs of small non-zero
digits (like 1121 or 1111211) are difficult to deal with naturally, since it
is uncommon to have a long series of one-letter words in English. A
second problem with Basic Pilish is that words greater than 10 letters in
length can never be used, which poses a problem if one wants to write about
such common topics as, say, objectivism, or a cheeseburger.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">Several
methods can be devised for dealing with these two problems, but the one we
like best is the one that leads to the rules of <b>Standard Pilish</b>, which
is simply Basic Pilish augmented by a third rule:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">In <b>
Standard Pilish,</b> each word of n letters represents</font></i></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">(1)<i>
The digit n if n</i><10</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">(2) <i>
The digit 0 if n=</i>10</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt" color="#581D03">(3) <i>
Two consecutive digits if n</i>>10<br>
(<i>for example, a
12-letter word represents the digits 1,2</i>)</font></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">
Although rule (3) might seem like a special case, it is really rule #2 that is
the exceptional one if we describe the algorithm this way:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt"><i>To
recover the digits of </i></font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π
</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt"><i>from a text in
Standard Pilish, write the number of letters in each word next to the word (except if
the word has 10 letters, in which case write a 0). Then read off all the digits in
order from beginning to end to get the value of </i></font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π.</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">Also
note that this description works for both Basic and Standard Pilish.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">Since
Standard Pilish gives the writer slightly more expressiveness with no
reduction in mnemonic power, we generally choose to use this variation in our </font>
<font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π </font>
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">writings. But not
always - see "<a href="bemused.htm">Bemused</a>" for an example in
Basic Pilish, written that way because it was a response to a writing challenge on <i>
<a href="http://www.confiction.org">confiction.org</a></i>, who required that it be in the Basic form.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 16pt" color="#581D03">
Punctuation Rules</font></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">To be
precise it is necessary to specify how punctuation is interpreted in a Pilish
text - more generally, how any symbol that is not a letter (A-Z or a-z) is
interpreted. The rules we use are as follows:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">(1) If
a word contains one or more apostrophes, eliminate them and close up the
resulting space. So <i>couldn't</i> is treated as if it were <i>couldnt</i>
and therefore counted as a 7. The alternative, to treat apostrophes as
delimiters, is clearly not the right choice, since then <i>couldn't</i> would
become two digits (6,1). </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">(2) Any
character that is not a letter or an apostrophe is a delimiter, which is
equivalent to saying that it is treated as if it were whitespace.</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: 400">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">An important consequence of
rule #2 is that a hyphenated compound adjective, such as <i>fun-filled</i>, is
treated as two separate words and therefore generates two separate digits (in
this case, 3 6). Again, this seems to be clearly the natural choice,
rather than interpreting <i>fun-filled</i> as a 9.</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: 400">
<font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">These rules tell us that
marks of punctuation do not generate any numbers when converting the text to
digits. Suppose we want to write <i>fun and games</i> but the next two
digits of </font><font style="font-size: 11pt" face="Georgia">π</font><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">
are 3 and 5. We can get what we want by writing <i>fun & games</i>,
since the ampersand is ignored in the text-to-digits translation. We
think tricks like this should be used very sparingly, but given the
punctuation rules they are there for the using.<br>
</font></span></p>
<h2><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 16pt" color="#581D03">
Alphabetic or Alphanumeric?</font></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">As if
choosing between Basic and Standard Pilish weren't enough, there is another
independent choice that can be made: are the groups of consecutive
non-punctuation symbols that we call words (whose length is to be counted to
determine the encoded digits) composed only of letters (A-Z or a-z), or are
numerical digits (0-9) also allowed? We give each of these options a
name, as follows:</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt"><b>
<i>Alphabetic Pilish</i>: </b>words consist of letters only</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt"><b>
<i>Alphanumeric Pilish</i></b>: words can contain both letters and numbers</font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">In
Alphabetic Pilish, numbers are simply ignored. You can write the year
2010 or the number <i>e </i>(2.718281828459045...) and these will have no
meaning when extracting the encoded digits from the text. In
Alphanumeric Pilish, however, "2010" is a string of length 4 and thus
represents the digit 4. Writing "2nd" to mean "second" results in the
digit 3, since "2nd" has 3 alphanumeric characters.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Book Antiqua" style="font-size: 11pt">We
don't claim that one of these choices is "better" than the other, and we have
used both of these in major compositions. <i><a href="cadintro.htm">
Cadaeic Cadenza</a></i> uses Alphanumeric Pilish whereas <i>
<a href="notawake.htm">Not A Wake</a></i> uses Alphabetic Pilish. Take
your pick.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html> |
Writing in Pilish
<!--
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>
>
>
> | | |
> | --- | --- |
> | | **Writing in Pilish**
> The word-length
> π
> mnemonic constraint |
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> The idea of writing a
> sentence (or longer piece of poetry or prose) in which the lengths of
> successive words represent the digits of the number
> π
> (=3.14159265358979...) has been around since the early 1900's. One of
> the earliest and most well-known examples is the following sentence, believed
> to have been composed by the English physicist Sir James Jeans:
>
>
>
> >
> >
> > How I need a drink, alcoholic in nature, after the
> > heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics!
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> The
> first word in this sentence has 3 letters, the next word 1 letter, the next
> word 4 letters, and so on, following the first fifteen digits of the number
> π. A longer example
> is this poem with ABAB rhyme scheme from Joseph Shipley's 1960 book *Playing
> With Words*:
>
>
>
> >
> > But a time I spent
> > wandering in gloomy1 night;
> >
> >
> > Yon tower, tinkling
> > chimewise, loftily opportune.
> >
> >
> > Out, up, and together
> > came sudden to Sunday rite,
> >
> >
> > The one solemnly off to
> > correct plenilune.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > 1
> > Shipley had "bloomy" here; we think our modification is an improvement.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> It is
> no coincidence that this poem (as well as every
> π
> mnemonic written prior to the 1990's) stops shortly before the 33rd
> digit of π,
> because that digit of π
> is a 0. How
> should zeros be handled in this scheme? Some writers have used
> punctuation or formatting of the text to indicate zeros - for example, the end
> of each sentence could be a zero, or just certain punctuation marks such as
> commas and/or semicolons. However, these methods are somewhat
> artificial, and not as good (as a mnemonic device) as one that relies solely
> on the number of letters in each word. We don't know who, but someone
> eventually thought of using 10-letter words to represent zeros, which seems like
> quite a good solution. With this method not only single zeros but runs
> of zeros (like 00 or 000) become easy to handle. We call this form of
> writing **Basic Pilish**, with "Pilish" being our word for "English that
> follows the successive digits of pi." To summarize, the rules are:
>
>
>
> >
> > *In **Basic Pilish,** each word of n letters represents*
> >
> >
> >
> > >
> > >
> > > (1) *The digit n if n*<10
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > (2) *The digit 0 if n=*10
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> ## This
> rule works very nicely for hundreds of digits, enabling the construction of
> long π texts in which the
> constraint is nearly invisible to the reader.
> But eventually one encounters a small problem, which leads to the development
> of...
>
>
> ##
>
>
> Standard
> Pilish
>
>
> A small
> but troubling issue with Basic Pilish is that long runs of small non-zero
> digits (like 1121 or 1111211) are difficult to deal with naturally, since it
> is uncommon to have a long series of one-letter words in English. A
> second problem with Basic Pilish is that words greater than 10 letters in
> length can never be used, which poses a problem if one wants to write about
> such common topics as, say, objectivism, or a cheeseburger.
>
>
>
>
>
> Several
> methods can be devised for dealing with these two problems, but the one we
> like best is the one that leads to the rules of **Standard Pilish**, which
> is simply Basic Pilish augmented by a third rule:
>
>
>
> >
> > *In **Standard Pilish,** each word of n letters represents*
> >
> >
> >
> > >
> > >
> > > (1) *The digit n if n*<10
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > (2) *The digit 0 if n=*10
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > (3) *Two consecutive digits if n*>10
> > >
> > > (*for example, a
> > > 12-letter word represents the digits 1,2*)
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
> Although rule (3) might seem like a special case, it is really rule #2 that is
> the exceptional one if we describe the algorithm this way:
>
>
>
> >
> > *To
> > recover the digits of* π
> > *from a text in
> > Standard Pilish, write the number of letters in each word next to the word (except if
> > the word has 10 letters, in which case write a 0). Then read off all the digits in
> > order from beginning to end to get the value of* π.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> Also
> note that this description works for both Basic and Standard Pilish.
>
>
>
>
>
> Since
> Standard Pilish gives the writer slightly more expressiveness with no
> reduction in mnemonic power, we generally choose to use this variation in our
> π
> writings. But not
> always - see "[Bemused](bemused.htm)" for an example in
> Basic Pilish, written that way because it was a response to a writing challenge on *[confiction.org](http://www.confiction.org)*, who required that it be in the Basic form.
>
>
>
>
> ##
> Punctuation Rules
>
>
> To be
> precise it is necessary to specify how punctuation is interpreted in a Pilish
> text - more generally, how any symbol that is not a letter (A-Z or a-z) is
> interpreted. The rules we use are as follows:
>
>
>
> >
> > (1) If
> > a word contains one or more apostrophes, eliminate them and close up the
> > resulting space. So *couldn't* is treated as if it were *couldnt*
> > and therefore counted as a 7. The alternative, to treat apostrophes as
> > delimiters, is clearly not the right choice, since then *couldn't* would
> > become two digits (6,1).
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > (2) Any
> > character that is not a letter or an apostrophe is a delimiter, which is
> > equivalent to saying that it is treated as if it were whitespace.
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
> An important consequence of
> rule #2 is that a hyphenated compound adjective, such as *fun-filled*, is
> treated as two separate words and therefore generates two separate digits (in
> this case, 3 6). Again, this seems to be clearly the natural choice,
> rather than interpreting *fun-filled* as a 9.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> These rules tell us that
> marks of punctuation do not generate any numbers when converting the text to
> digits. Suppose we want to write *fun and games* but the next two
> digits of π
> are 3 and 5. We can get what we want by writing *fun & games*,
> since the ampersand is ignored in the text-to-digits translation. We
> think tricks like this should be used very sparingly, but given the
> punctuation rules they are there for the using.
>
>
>
>
> ##
> Alphabetic or Alphanumeric?
>
>
> As if
> choosing between Basic and Standard Pilish weren't enough, there is another
> independent choice that can be made: are the groups of consecutive
> non-punctuation symbols that we call words (whose length is to be counted to
> determine the encoded digits) composed only of letters (A-Z or a-z), or are
> numerical digits (0-9) also allowed? We give each of these options a
> name, as follows:
>
>
>
> >
> > ***Alphabetic Pilish*:** words consist of letters only
> >
> >
> > ***Alphanumeric Pilish***: words can contain both letters and numbers
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> In
> Alphabetic Pilish, numbers are simply ignored. You can write the year
> 2010 or the number *e* (2.718281828459045...) and these will have no
> meaning when extracting the encoded digits from the text. In
> Alphanumeric Pilish, however, "2010" is a string of length 4 and thus
> represents the digit 4. Writing "2nd" to mean "second" results in the
> digit 3, since "2nd" has 3 alphanumeric characters.
>
>
>
>
>
> We
> don't claim that one of these choices is "better" than the other, and we have
> used both of these in major compositions. *[Cadaeic Cadenza](cadintro.htm)* uses Alphanumeric Pilish whereas *[Not A Wake](notawake.htm)* uses Alphabetic Pilish. Take
> your pick.
>
>
>
>
>
>
| http://www.cadaeic.net/pilish.htm |
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<div class='sd'>
<a href='FiveBranchesMain.html' class='BSU'>The 5 Branches of Philosophy</a><br><br><a href='Metaphysics_Main.html' class='RSN'>Metaphysics</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Axiom.html' class='RBN'>Axiom</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_ExistenceExists.html' class='RBN'>Existence Exists</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Identity.html' class='RBN'>Identity</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Consciousness.html' class='RBN'>Consciousness</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_RealityIsAbsolute.html' class='RBN'>Reality Is Absolute</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Causality.html' class='RBN'>Causality</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Nothing.html' class='RBN'>Nothing</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_Contradiction.html' class='RBN'>Contradiction</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_EntitySumOfParts.html' class='RBN'>Sum Of Parts</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_MentalEntities.html' class='RBN'>Mental Entities</a><br><a href='Metaphysics_ManMade.html' class='RBN'>Metaphysical vs. Man-Made</a><br><br><a href='Epistemology_Main.html' class='RSN'>Epistemology</a><br><a href='Ethics_Main.html' class='RSN'>Ethics</a><br><a href='Politics_Main.html' class='RSN'>Politics</a><br><a href='Esthetics_Main.html' class='RSN'>Esthetics</a><br></div>
<IMG height=25 src="/img/Divider2.gif" width=172 border=0>
<div class='sd'>
<a href='MisbegottenNotionsMain.html' class='BSN'>Misbegotten Notions</a><br></div>
<IMG height=25 src="/img/Divider2.gif" width=172 border=0>
<div class='sd'>
<a href='Dictionary.html' class='BSN'>Dictionary</a><br></div></td></tr><tr><td><img src='/img/FunkyBottom.gif' width=172 height=101><br></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></table><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=10 border=0 height=100><tr valign=top height=400><td width=575>
<table align=right width="30%" border=1>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="#Basics">Basics</a><br>
<a href="#Specifics">Specifics</a><br>
<a href="#Technicalities">Technicalities</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h1>Metaphysics</h1>
<h3>What is Metaphysics?</h3>
<p>
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence.
It is the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What
is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature
of existence itself. It says whether the world is real, or merely
an illusion. It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
</p>
<h3>Why is Metaphysics important?</h3>
<p>
Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation
or an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal
with reality. We could not feed ourselves, or act to preserve our
lives. The degree to which our metaphysical worldview is correct
is the degree to which we are able to comprehend the world, and act accordingly.
Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes suspect. Any
flaw in our view of reality will make it more difficult to live.
</p>
<h3>What are the key elements of a rational metaphysics?</h3>
<p>
Reality is absolute. It has a specific nature independent of our
thoughts or feelings. The world around us is real. It has a
specific nature and it must be consistent to that nature.
A proper metaphysical worldview must aim to understand reality correctly.
</p>
<p>The physical world exists, and every entity has a specific nature.
It acts according to that nature. When different entities interact,
they do so according to the nature of both. Every action has a cause and an effect.
Causality is the means by which change occurs, but the change occurs via
a specific nature.
</p>
<a name="Basics"><H3>Basics</H3></a>
<a href="Metaphysics_Axiom.html">Axiom</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_ExistenceExists.html">Existence Exists</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_Identity.html">Identity</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_Consciousness.html">Consciousness</a><br>
<a name="Specifics"><H3>Specifics</H3></a>
<a href="Metaphysics_RealityIsAbsolute.html">Reality is Absolute: The Primacy of Existence</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_Causality.html">Causality</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_Nothing.html">Nothing</a><br>
<a name="Technicalities"><h3>Technicalities</h3></a>
<a href="Metaphysics_Contradiction.html">Contradiction</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_EntitySumOfParts.html">An Entity is a Sum of Its Parts</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_MentalEntities.html">Mental Entities</a><br>
<a href="Metaphysics_ManMade.html">The Metaphysical Versus the Man-Made</a><br>
</td></tr></table><br clear=left><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 align=left width=100% height=0><tr><td><table><tr><td width=172></td><td width=575><small><center>Copyright © 2001 by Jeff Landauer and Joseph Rowlands</center></small></td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table></body></html> |
Metaphysics
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[The Concept Chart](Chart.html)
[The 5 Branches of Philosophy](FiveBranchesMain.html)[Metaphysics](Metaphysics_Main.html)[Axiom](Metaphysics_Axiom.html)[Existence Exists](Metaphysics_ExistenceExists.html)[Identity](Metaphysics_Identity.html)[Consciousness](Metaphysics_Consciousness.html)[Reality Is Absolute](Metaphysics_RealityIsAbsolute.html)[Causality](Metaphysics_Causality.html)[Nothing](Metaphysics_Nothing.html)[Contradiction](Metaphysics_Contradiction.html)[Sum Of Parts](Metaphysics_EntitySumOfParts.html)[Mental Entities](Metaphysics_MentalEntities.html)[Metaphysical vs. Man-Made](Metaphysics_ManMade.html)[Epistemology](Epistemology_Main.html)[Ethics](Ethics_Main.html)[Politics](Politics_Main.html)[Esthetics](Esthetics_Main.html)
[Misbegotten Notions](MisbegottenNotionsMain.html)
[Dictionary](Dictionary.html) |
| |
| |
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
| [Basics](#Basics)
[Specifics](#Specifics)
[Technicalities](#Technicalities) |
Metaphysics
What is Metaphysics?
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence.
It is the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What
is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature
of existence itself. It says whether the world is real, or merely
an illusion. It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
Why is Metaphysics important?
Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation
or an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal
with reality. We could not feed ourselves, or act to preserve our
lives. The degree to which our metaphysical worldview is correct
is the degree to which we are able to comprehend the world, and act accordingly.
Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes suspect. Any
flaw in our view of reality will make it more difficult to live.
What are the key elements of a rational metaphysics?
Reality is absolute. It has a specific nature independent of our
thoughts or feelings. The world around us is real. It has a
specific nature and it must be consistent to that nature.
A proper metaphysical worldview must aim to understand reality correctly.
The physical world exists, and every entity has a specific nature.
It acts according to that nature. When different entities interact,
they do so according to the nature of both. Every action has a cause and an effect.
Causality is the means by which change occurs, but the change occurs via
a specific nature.
Basics
[Axiom](Metaphysics_Axiom.html)
[Existence Exists](Metaphysics_ExistenceExists.html)
[Identity](Metaphysics_Identity.html)
[Consciousness](Metaphysics_Consciousness.html)
Specifics
[Reality is Absolute: The Primacy of Existence](Metaphysics_RealityIsAbsolute.html)
[Causality](Metaphysics_Causality.html)
[Nothing](Metaphysics_Nothing.html)
Technicalities
[Contradiction](Metaphysics_Contradiction.html)
[An Entity is a Sum of Its Parts](Metaphysics_EntitySumOfParts.html)
[Mental Entities](Metaphysics_MentalEntities.html)
[The Metaphysical Versus the Man-Made](Metaphysics_ManMade.html) |
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| | Copyright © 2001 by Jeff Landauer and Joseph Rowlands |
|
| http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Main.html |
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<h1>
Human powered flight (in English) <img SRC="flageng.gif" alt="e-flag" height=18 width=25></h1></center>
<center><font size=-2>This page was last updated: 5 Aug 2001 </font>
<br>
<p><a href="hpa_d.htm">Fliegen wie ein Mensch</a> (in Deutsch) <img SRC="flagdeu.gif" alt="flagd" height=18 width=25>
</center>
<img src="birds.gif" width="560" height="47" border="0" alt="bird powered birds">
<center><a href="#Description">Description</a>
<br><a href="#Specification">Specification</a>
<br><a href="#Frequently asked questions">FAQ's</a>
<br><a href="#Next flight">Next flights 1999</a>
<br><a href="#Interlaken">Human Power Festival in Interlaken Switzerland
1999</a>
<br><a href="#References">References</a>
<br><a href="#hale">High Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft</a>
<br><a href="#Events 2000">events 2000</a>
<br><a href="#events 2001">events 2001</a>
</center>
<br>
<hr>
<center><h1>
<a NAME="Description">This is human powered flight:</a></h1></center>
<p><img SRC="reflex_small.jpg" ALT="V89 @ MUC summer 1990. Photo: Britta Bartsch-Frank" height=337 width=512 align=LEFT>
<i>Vélair</i> 89 was the first aircraft to fly "from" Munich airport (MUC) runway in the summer of 1990
<br><br>
<img src="v89_muc.jpg" ALT="V89 @ MUC summer 1990. Photo: Britta Bartsch-Frank" width="537" height="354">
<br>
<p><img SRC="v88_malmsheim_lr.jpg" ALT="V88 in Malmsheim. Photo: Ben Russ" height=359 width=512 align=LEFT>
This was <i>Vélair</i> 88 during a flight in Malmsheim
near Stuttgart. Notice the old (stiffer) wing and rudder, and the video
camera on top of the fuselage.
</p>
<br clear="all">
<BR>
<br>
<hr>
<h2>
<a NAME="Specification">Specification</a></h2>
This aircraft is designed for minimum required power to allow
for some endurance. It's size is quite small resulting in a relatively
"high" flight speed. For that reason its wing is cantilevered (no wires
or struts) because their drag would not be compensated by the lower weight.
The power required with a 60 kg pilot is about 225 Watt. It is capable
of normal take off and landing on a hard runway.
<p> <i>Vélair</i> was built in the original version
'88' and improved during the following year, the "89" version, mainly with
a new wing (larger, higher aspect ratio, lighter, thinner, nicer, cheaper,
lower drag... :-))
<center><table BORDER CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=2 >
<caption> </caption>
<tr>
<td><b>Version</b></td>
<td><i>Vélair </i>88</td>
<td><i>Vélair </i>89</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>first flight</td>
<td>9 August 1988</td>
<td>24 September 1989</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td> its wing was later recycled for the <i>Icaré 1</i>
solar powered aircraft of Stuttgart University </td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Features</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing platform
<br>number of segments</td>
<td>double trapeze
<br>3 pieces
<br>cantilever</td>
<td>rectangle/trapeze
<br>5 pieces
<br>cantilever</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>seat position</td>
<td>recumbent 40 °</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>controls</td>
<td>3-function cardan sidestick (on the RH side)</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>roll control (electric)</td>
<td>aileron</td>
<td>rotating wing tip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yaw control</td>
<td>push rods & cable, all flying rudder</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pitch control</td>
<td>push rods & cable with "bungee" trim, all flying elevator</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Geometry</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wing span</td>
<td>71.2 ft (21.7 m)</td>
<td>76.1 (23.2 m)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wing area</td>
<td>176.5 sqft (16.4 m²)</td>
<td>183 sqft (17 m²)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Aspect ratio</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>31.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Weights</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Empty weight</td>
<td>83.6 lbs (37.9 kg)</td>
<td>67.2 lbs (30.5 kg)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Max take off weight</td>
<td>220 lbs (100 kg)</td>
<td>220 lbs (100 kg)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Power loading</td>
<td></td>
<td>396 kg/kW (!!!) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wing loading</td>
<td></td>
<td>25.9 lbs/sqft (5.3 kg/m² )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wing weight</td>
<td>52.5 lbs (23.8 kg )</td>
<td>36.8 lbs (16.7 kg )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Propulsion</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>prop diameter
<br>prop speed
<br>number of blades</td>
<td>8.9 ft (2.70 m)
<br>190 rpm
<br>2 blades
<br>carbon shell with web
<br>ground adjustable pitch</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>power transmission</td>
<td>twisted chain +
<br>carbon driveshaft</td>
<td>"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Construction</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fuselage</td>
<td>carbon sandwich space frame with Polystyrol/GFRP sandwich fairing</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing spar</td>
<td>I-beam spar: CFRP (T300/HYE 1048) caps, GFRP/Rohacell sandwich web</td>
<td>tailored CFRP (T800/M10) tube spar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing shell</td>
<td>GFRP/Polystyrol sandwich</td>
<td>Polystyrol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing ribs</td>
<td>Styrodur with carbon caps</td>
<td>Styrofoam with balsa caps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing cover</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Hostaphan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wing airfoil (thickness)</td>
<td>FX 63-137 (13.7%)</td>
<td>PF 25 (12.9%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ultimate load factor</td>
<td>3.0 g</td>
<td>3.36 g (ultimate load, tested) </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Speeds</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>design speed</td>
<td></td>
<td>17 KEAS (31 km/h, 8.6 m/s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stall speed</td>
<td></td>
<td>15 KEAS (27 km/h; 7.5 m/s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>max horizontal speed (power limited 0.4 HP)</td>
<td></td>
<td>22 KEAS (41 km/h; 11.4 m/s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>never exceed speed (torsional divergence limited)</td>
<td></td>
<td>27 KEAS (51 km/h; 14.2 m/s)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Performance</b></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>design power</td>
<td></td>
<td>3.75 Watt/kg pilot weight) (225 W) @ 90kg gross weight)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Take off distance (198 lbs/90kg, ISA, no wind)</td>
<td></td>
<td>~260 ft (~80 m)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rate of climb @ 0.4 HP (300 W) climb power </td>
<td></td>
<td>20 ft/min (0.1 m/s) well...</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<hr>
<h1> Thanks to the team </h1>
There was a lot of help from many friends. Special thanks
to those who went all the way through: Ben Russ, Martin Hübner, Jochen
Hanne who spent so many nights and weekends in the workshop, their contribution
is invaluable.
<p>
<hr>
<h1> Thanks to our sponsors </h1>
Many companies and institutions contributed to the project:
<br><b>Atari</b> with a great computer and OS, in alliance
with Frank Ostrowski's GFA, this combination was an extremely powerfull
tool. It allowed fast, efficient and fuzz free software development to
answer those many design and performance questions (which became the core
of a complete aircraft design and performance package).
<p> Also thanks to F.J.Arendts, R.Eppler and E. Messerschmid
from University of Stuttgart for their logistic (workshop), scientific
and morale support.
<p> Also biggest gratitude to the industry for giving this
and that:
<br> <b>Bakelite</b> (resins), <b>Beiersdorf</b> (adhesive
films), <b>Blaschke</b> Aeolite pedals, <b>Daimler Benz</b> (fuselage 3-D
panel calculations, test field), <b>Eurocomposites</b> (honeycombs), <b>Fiberite</b>
(carbon prepregs),
<b>Gaugler & Lutz</b> (Airex thermoplast foam),
<b>Kalle</b>/Höchst
(Hostafan film), <b>INA Schäffler</b> (metallic bearings), <b>Grünzweig
& Hartmann</b> (Styrodur foam), <b>MBB</b> / Donauwörth (autoclave
run), <b>Mutliplex</b> (aileron control servos),
<b>Röhm</b> (Rohacell),
<b>Velotraum</b>
(cycling shoes), <b>Brodbeck</b> (seal tape), <b>DLR</b> (water jet cutting
machine), Roland Schirrmacher (prop mold), Martin Siegwarth & Thorn
Richter (flight data aquisition system & sensors), MBB Manching, airport
München, aeroport de Paris (runways), <b>Polaroid</b> (ultrasonic
altimeter), university of Stuttgart (workshop, metallic parts).
<p>
<hr>
<h1>
<a NAME="Frequently asked questions">Frequently asked questions</a></h1>
<ul>
<li>
do I have to be a bicycle champion to fly this aircraft ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
This depends on the individual's shape and weight. The power
required to "cruise" is about 3.75 Watt/kg body weight which can be sustained
for 1...2 hours by a well trained athlete. Try yourself on an ergometer
to find out. Typical heart rate is about 160 /minute which is not exactly
relaxing, but still bears some margin to the red line. </li>
</ul>
<li>
what is the power required ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
With 90 kg gross weight about 225 Watt are required for unaccelerated
horizontal flight (this includes transmission losses and propeller efficiency).
Would this power be provided by a combustion engine this would correspond
to a fuel consumption of 0.24 liter/100km (this is a milage of 848 mpg)
!!! </li>
</ul>
<li>
what is it made of ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
The primary structure is made of carbon fiber reinforced
epoxy, with custom fabricated and tailored tubes with or without a sandwich
core. Those prepreged materials have to be cooked with pressure and
temperature. The secondary structure is made of all kinds of foams, wood,
and
a very light cover film (Hostaphan). Genious fabrication methods were developed
to enable production and make it robust. </li>
</ul>
<li>
how fast does it fly ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
The speed range is between 27 and 45 km/h (14...25 KEAS)
with minimum power required speed at 31 km/h (17 KEAS) </li>
</ul>
<li>
where can I buy one ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
Nowhere. If you make a good offer I'll build you your own
one ! (and they get better each time) </li>
</ul>
<li>
what about wind ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
No problem as long as it is smooth and directed right on
to the nose. 12 knots have been demonstrated on the Paris Air Show. But
cross wind is a show stopper. </li>
</ul>
<li>
how does it fly ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
Well, not too bad. Pitch response is sensitive, rudder authority
is OK, and roll control is kind of slow, specially during take off. In
flight it is fully stable and does not need input when correctly trimmed
and if there is no turbulence. Turns are induced with rudder and aileron, but then cross
aileron (against turning direction) is required soon to support the
inner wing. Throttle response and spool up is pretty fast but excess power is lowsy. </li>
</ul>
<li>
Why is the wing so flexible ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
There is no gramm of material wasted, it is just stiff enough
to support the fuselage and stay in an efficient shape. As a cantilever
wing with such a high aspect ratio the structural design driver is stiffness
rather than strength. That's why the safety margin to ultimate load is ample. </li>
</ul>
<li>
how long does it take for take off ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
With no wind ca. 80 m (260 ft). The nose wheel can be rotated off
quite soon so that the take off run is on the main wheel only. High concentration
is required to keep the wings level with bad low speed roll control authority.
Of course MTO power is applied until a slight rotation of a few degrees
lifts us off. As soon as cruise altitude is reached power can be reduced. </li>
</ul>
<li>
How is the aircraft transported ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
We modified an old sailplane trailor to accomodate the large
dimensions, specially the high fuselage. The largest wing segment is 7.50
m long. </li>
</ul>
<li>
What for is this aircraft anyway ? </li>
<ul>
<li>
imagine you ride your bike at 30 km/h, then slightly pull
on the sidestick and rotate to continue to ride in a couple of meter above
ground level. Now after a slight turn you float over the meadows, jump
over a small fence, cross that creek... Isn't that a reason ? </li>
<li>
To make fly a human body on his own low-sy power is quite
a challenge. Challenges must be addressed. </li>
<li>
How to configure, design and make such an aircraft resulted
in plenty of valuable lessons learned about configuration, layout, detail
design, aerodynamics, performance, stability and control, aeroelasticity,
fabrication techniques, light weight materials... that are applicable to
other high performance aircraft, specially for the cases where propulsion
power is strongly limited like for high altitude aircraft that are designed
to fly in the stratosphere, or for aircraft with very low fuel consumption and long endurance. </li>
</ul>
<li>
What is GFRP and CFRP ?</li>
<ul>
<li>
glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic, using epoxy resins
as a matrix. Aramid fibers have been used as well. Hand laminating of fabrics
as well as prepreg curing of UD-layers as been applied. Intermediate modulus
carbon fibers and a low pressure low temp cure resin prepreg were used
for the <i>Vélair</i>89 spar.</li> </ul> </ul>
<br><br>
<hr>
<h1>
<a NAME="Next flight">Next flight 1999</a></h1>
If I don't brake it during training and checkflights, if
weather is benign, and if traffic authorities clear my prehistoric trailor
(TÜV), the next public flights are scheduled for the <a href="http://www.futurebike.ch">Human
Power Festival</a> in Interlaken Switzerland 14... 22 August 1999.
<br>
It will be a big suspense because the last flights were
performed a long time ago. The aircraft and the pilot are 10 years older
now what certainly does not contribute to the performance of both. The
aircraft got some more dents, not only from a few landings in the potato
fields but also from so many expositions, the cover got many ribbles, and
our cats loved it as a tree substitute while it was stored in our
living room. Fortunately there is extra wide "TESA" (sticky tape) to quickly
fix but clearly at the expense of aesthetics. It really has to be considered
as a vintage plane now. And the pilot is now carrying an extra 10 kg of
"reserve fuel" (fat).
<br>We will see...
<br>
<h1>
<a NAME="Interlaken">Human power festival in Interlaken
Switzerland</a></h1>
...We saw: in spite of its design life of one summer <i>Vélair
</i> still flies (and is still in one piece !).
<br>
<p><img SRC="interlaken1.jpg" ALT="Foto: Sebastian Kummer" height=388 width=569>
<br>
<p><img SRC="FlightInterlaken.jpg" ALT="Flight in Interlaken. Photo: Chris Roper" height=313 width=592>
<br>
<img SRC="peer2.jpg" ALT="Foto: Sebastian Kummer" height=282 width=414>
<center>
<p> At the Interlaken Human Power Festival August 1999. </center>
<br>
<hr>
<h1>
<a NAME="Events 2000">Events 2000</a></h1>
<ul>
<li>
26 January: presentation to VDI-Verein Ulm: "Fliegen wie
ein Mensch"</li>
<li>
16 March: presentation to SAMPE (Society for the advancement
of materials and process engineering) /University of Stuttgart: "Fliegen
wie ein Mensch"</li>
<li>
<i>Vélair</i> on Discovery Channel: "Extreme maschines"
(Pioneer Productions)</li>
<li>
<i>Vélair</i> at ARD <a href="http://www.tigerentenclub.de">Tigerentenclub</a>:
May (including some short snapshots about <i>Pelargos 3</i> and the very
first flight
<i>Vélair 88</i>)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.spokesfest.freeserve.co.uk">Spokes Festival
in Leicester /UK: 28...31 July</a> (<i>Airglow</i>
HPA will be on display) </li>
<li>
Fahrradausstellung in Nürnberg Fall 2000 (perhaps with
flight demo). Whether flights will be possible depends on time on hand
for the preparation, same procedure as last year. This will be posted here
in time.
<br> 12 August: Sorry, <font color="red">no </font> demo
flights in Nürnberg, there will be no event on an airfield.
</li>
</ul>
<br>
<hr>
<h1>
<a NAME="events 2001">Events 2001</a></h1>
Demo flights can be booked now. Minimum requirement is a
hard 700 x 10 m runway. The longer the better. Flights scheduled to start
in June 2001.
<br>
<hr>
<h1>
<a NAME="References">References</a> </h1>
<ul>
<li>
Fliegen mit 225 Watt. Muskelkraftflugzeuge und Anwendungen.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft und Raumfahrttechnik, Oktober 1990,
Bonn. </li>
<li>
Human powered aircraft, the limits of light weight construction:
OSTIV symposium Wiener Neustadt 1989. </li>
<li>
The human powered aircraft <i>Vélair: </i>design details
and result of structural, prop and flight tests. AIAA International human
powered flight symposium August 1994, Seattle Washington, USA. </li>
<li>
Human powered flight as a sport. Symposium at the Royal Aeronautical
Society January 1996. </li>
<li>
Design of aircraft with minimum required power. Stuttgart
1990. </li>
<li>
Technological spin off from human powered to high altitude
long endurance aircraft. The Royal Aeronautical Society, London January
1999. </li>
</ul>
<br>
From other autors:
<br>
<ul>
<li>
Keith Sherwin: Man powered flight. Model & Allied publications
Argus Books ltd, Kings Langley UK, 1971. </li>
<li>
Morton Grosser: The gossamer Odyssey. Houghton Mifflin Company,
Boston USA, 1981. </li>
<li>
Gary Dorsey: The Fullness of Wings . Viking Pinguin, New York
USA, 1990. </li>
</ul>
<br>
<hr>
<h2>
My flight experience with HPA's: </h2>
(nono, I crashed only very few of them !) <br><br>
<table border=1>
<tr>
<td><b>Aircraft</b></td>
<td><b>built by</b></td>
<td><b>country </b></td>
<td><b>configuration (all conventional tail)</b></td>
<td><b>year</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pelargos.htm">Pelargos II</a></td>
<td>Max Horlacher</td>
<td>CH</td>
<td>27m, multiwire rectangular higfh wing, tractor prop</td>
<td>1983</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pelargos.htm">Pelargos III</a></td>
<td>Max Horlacher</td>
<td>CH</td>
<td>22m, singlewire and strut rectangular wing, tractor prop</td>
<td>1985</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="musculair.htm">Musculair 2</a></td>
<td>GünterRochelt</td>
<td>D</td>
<td>19.5m cantilever trapeze wing, pusher prop</td>
<td>1985...1986</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vélair 88</td>
<td>Peer Frank</td>
<td>D</td>
<td>21.7m cantilever double trapeze wing, pusher prop</td>
<td>1988-89</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vélair 89</td>
<td>Peer Frank</td>
<td>D</td>
<td>23.2m cantilever rectangular/trapeze wing, pusher prop</td>
<td>since 1989</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/j_d_mcintyre/airglow.htm">Airglow</a></td>
<td>John McIntyre</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>25m single wire trapeze wing, pusher concentric prop</td>
<td>1992</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<hr>
<br> For more information about human powered vehicles (land/water/air/rail)
see:
<a href="http://www.ihpva.org">International Human Powered Vehicle
Association</a><br>
<a href="http://www.hpv.org"> HPV Deutschland, der Club f�r innovative Fortbewegung</a>
<br>
<img src="birds.gif" width="560" height="47" border="0" alt="birds"><br><br>
<a href="index.html">home</a>
</body>
</html>
|
human powered aircraft V�lair
#
Human powered flight (in English) e-flag
This page was last updated: 5 Aug 2001
[Fliegen wie ein Mensch](hpa_d.htm) (in Deutsch) 
[Description](#Description)
[Specification](#Specification)
[FAQ's](#Frequently asked questions)
[Next flights 1999](#Next flight)
[Human Power Festival in Interlaken Switzerland
1999](#Interlaken)
[References](#References)
[High Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft](#hale)
[events 2000](#Events 2000)
[events 2001](#events 2001)
---
#
This is human powered flight:
*Vélair* 89 was the first aircraft to fly "from" Munich airport (MUC) runway in the summer of 1990
This was *Vélair* 88 during a flight in Malmsheim
near Stuttgart. Notice the old (stiffer) wing and rudder, and the video
camera on top of the fuselage.
---
##
Specification
This aircraft is designed for minimum required power to allow
for some endurance. It's size is quite small resulting in a relatively
"high" flight speed. For that reason its wing is cantilevered (no wires
or struts) because their drag would not be compensated by the lower weight.
The power required with a 60 kg pilot is about 225 Watt. It is capable
of normal take off and landing on a hard runway.
*Vélair* was built in the original version
'88' and improved during the following year, the "89" version, mainly with
a new wing (larger, higher aspect ratio, lighter, thinner, nicer, cheaper,
lower drag... :-))
| **Version** | *Vélair* 88 | *Vélair* 89 |
| first flight | 9 August 1988 | 24 September 1989 |
| | its wing was later recycled for the *Icaré 1*
solar powered aircraft of Stuttgart University | |
| **Features** | | |
| wing platform
number of segments | double trapeze
3 pieces
cantilever | rectangle/trapeze
5 pieces
cantilever |
| seat position | recumbent 40 ° | " |
| controls | 3-function cardan sidestick (on the RH side) | " |
| roll control (electric) | aileron | rotating wing tip |
| yaw control | push rods & cable, all flying rudder | " |
| pitch control | push rods & cable with "bungee" trim, all flying elevator | " |
| **Geometry** | | |
| Wing span | 71.2 ft (21.7 m) | 76.1 (23.2 m) |
| Wing area | 176.5 sqft (16.4 m²) | 183 sqft (17 m²) |
| Aspect ratio | 27 | 31.7 |
| **Weights** | | |
| Empty weight | 83.6 lbs (37.9 kg) | 67.2 lbs (30.5 kg) |
| Max take off weight | 220 lbs (100 kg) | 220 lbs (100 kg) |
| Power loading | | 396 kg/kW (!!!) |
| Wing loading | | 25.9 lbs/sqft (5.3 kg/m² ) |
| Wing weight | 52.5 lbs (23.8 kg ) | 36.8 lbs (16.7 kg ) |
| **Propulsion** | | |
| prop diameter
prop speed
number of blades | 8.9 ft (2.70 m)
190 rpm
2 blades
carbon shell with web
ground adjustable pitch | " |
| power transmission | twisted chain +
carbon driveshaft | " |
| **Construction** | | |
| Fuselage | carbon sandwich space frame with Polystyrol/GFRP sandwich fairing | |
| wing spar | I-beam spar: CFRP (T300/HYE 1048) caps, GFRP/Rohacell sandwich web | tailored CFRP (T800/M10) tube spar |
| wing shell | GFRP/Polystyrol sandwich | Polystyrol |
| wing ribs | Styrodur with carbon caps | Styrofoam with balsa caps |
| wing cover | - | Hostaphan |
| wing airfoil (thickness) | FX 63-137 (13.7%) | PF 25 (12.9%) |
| ultimate load factor | 3.0 g | 3.36 g (ultimate load, tested) |
| **Speeds** | | |
| design speed | | 17 KEAS (31 km/h, 8.6 m/s) |
| stall speed | | 15 KEAS (27 km/h; 7.5 m/s) |
| max horizontal speed (power limited 0.4 HP) | | 22 KEAS (41 km/h; 11.4 m/s) |
| never exceed speed (torsional divergence limited) | | 27 KEAS (51 km/h; 14.2 m/s) |
| **Performance** | | |
| design power | | 3.75 Watt/kg pilot weight) (225 W) @ 90kg gross weight) |
| Take off distance (198 lbs/90kg, ISA, no wind) | | ~260 ft (~80 m) |
| Rate of climb @ 0.4 HP (300 W) climb power | | 20 ft/min (0.1 m/s) well... |
---
# Thanks to the team
There was a lot of help from many friends. Special thanks
to those who went all the way through: Ben Russ, Martin Hübner, Jochen
Hanne who spent so many nights and weekends in the workshop, their contribution
is invaluable.
---
# Thanks to our sponsors
Many companies and institutions contributed to the project:
**Atari** with a great computer and OS, in alliance
with Frank Ostrowski's GFA, this combination was an extremely powerfull
tool. It allowed fast, efficient and fuzz free software development to
answer those many design and performance questions (which became the core
of a complete aircraft design and performance package).
Also thanks to F.J.Arendts, R.Eppler and E. Messerschmid
from University of Stuttgart for their logistic (workshop), scientific
and morale support.
Also biggest gratitude to the industry for giving this
and that:
**Bakelite** (resins), **Beiersdorf** (adhesive
films), **Blaschke** Aeolite pedals, **Daimler Benz** (fuselage 3-D
panel calculations, test field), **Eurocomposites** (honeycombs), **Fiberite**
(carbon prepregs),
**Gaugler & Lutz** (Airex thermoplast foam),
**Kalle**/Höchst
(Hostafan film), **INA Schäffler** (metallic bearings), **Grünzweig
& Hartmann** (Styrodur foam), **MBB** / Donauwörth (autoclave
run), **Mutliplex** (aileron control servos),
**Röhm** (Rohacell),
**Velotraum**
(cycling shoes), **Brodbeck** (seal tape), **DLR** (water jet cutting
machine), Roland Schirrmacher (prop mold), Martin Siegwarth & Thorn
Richter (flight data aquisition system & sensors), MBB Manching, airport
München, aeroport de Paris (runways), **Polaroid** (ultrasonic
altimeter), university of Stuttgart (workshop, metallic parts).
---
#
Frequently asked questions
* do I have to be a bicycle champion to fly this aircraft ?
+ This depends on the individual's shape and weight. The power
required to "cruise" is about 3.75 Watt/kg body weight which can be sustained
for 1...2 hours by a well trained athlete. Try yourself on an ergometer
to find out. Typical heart rate is about 160 /minute which is not exactly
relaxing, but still bears some margin to the red line.
* what is the power required ?
+ With 90 kg gross weight about 225 Watt are required for unaccelerated
horizontal flight (this includes transmission losses and propeller efficiency).
Would this power be provided by a combustion engine this would correspond
to a fuel consumption of 0.24 liter/100km (this is a milage of 848 mpg)
!!!
* what is it made of ?
+ The primary structure is made of carbon fiber reinforced
epoxy, with custom fabricated and tailored tubes with or without a sandwich
core. Those prepreged materials have to be cooked with pressure and
temperature. The secondary structure is made of all kinds of foams, wood,
and
a very light cover film (Hostaphan). Genious fabrication methods were developed
to enable production and make it robust.
* how fast does it fly ?
+ The speed range is between 27 and 45 km/h (14...25 KEAS)
with minimum power required speed at 31 km/h (17 KEAS)
* where can I buy one ?
+ Nowhere. If you make a good offer I'll build you your own
one ! (and they get better each time)
* what about wind ?
+ No problem as long as it is smooth and directed right on
to the nose. 12 knots have been demonstrated on the Paris Air Show. But
cross wind is a show stopper.
* how does it fly ?
+ Well, not too bad. Pitch response is sensitive, rudder authority
is OK, and roll control is kind of slow, specially during take off. In
flight it is fully stable and does not need input when correctly trimmed
and if there is no turbulence. Turns are induced with rudder and aileron, but then cross
aileron (against turning direction) is required soon to support the
inner wing. Throttle response and spool up is pretty fast but excess power is lowsy.
* Why is the wing so flexible ?
+ There is no gramm of material wasted, it is just stiff enough
to support the fuselage and stay in an efficient shape. As a cantilever
wing with such a high aspect ratio the structural design driver is stiffness
rather than strength. That's why the safety margin to ultimate load is ample.
* how long does it take for take off ?
+ With no wind ca. 80 m (260 ft). The nose wheel can be rotated off
quite soon so that the take off run is on the main wheel only. High concentration
is required to keep the wings level with bad low speed roll control authority.
Of course MTO power is applied until a slight rotation of a few degrees
lifts us off. As soon as cruise altitude is reached power can be reduced.
* How is the aircraft transported ?
+ We modified an old sailplane trailor to accomodate the large
dimensions, specially the high fuselage. The largest wing segment is 7.50
m long.
* What for is this aircraft anyway ?
+ imagine you ride your bike at 30 km/h, then slightly pull
on the sidestick and rotate to continue to ride in a couple of meter above
ground level. Now after a slight turn you float over the meadows, jump
over a small fence, cross that creek... Isn't that a reason ?
+ To make fly a human body on his own low-sy power is quite
a challenge. Challenges must be addressed.
+ How to configure, design and make such an aircraft resulted
in plenty of valuable lessons learned about configuration, layout, detail
design, aerodynamics, performance, stability and control, aeroelasticity,
fabrication techniques, light weight materials... that are applicable to
other high performance aircraft, specially for the cases where propulsion
power is strongly limited like for high altitude aircraft that are designed
to fly in the stratosphere, or for aircraft with very low fuel consumption and long endurance.
* What is GFRP and CFRP ?
+ glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic, using epoxy resins
as a matrix. Aramid fibers have been used as well. Hand laminating of fabrics
as well as prepreg curing of UD-layers as been applied. Intermediate modulus
carbon fibers and a low pressure low temp cure resin prepreg were used
for the *Vélair*89 spar.
---
#
Next flight 1999
If I don't brake it during training and checkflights, if
weather is benign, and if traffic authorities clear my prehistoric trailor
(TÜV), the next public flights are scheduled for the [Human
Power Festival](http://www.futurebike.ch) in Interlaken Switzerland 14... 22 August 1999.
It will be a big suspense because the last flights were
performed a long time ago. The aircraft and the pilot are 10 years older
now what certainly does not contribute to the performance of both. The
aircraft got some more dents, not only from a few landings in the potato
fields but also from so many expositions, the cover got many ribbles, and
our cats loved it as a tree substitute while it was stored in our
living room. Fortunately there is extra wide "TESA" (sticky tape) to quickly
fix but clearly at the expense of aesthetics. It really has to be considered
as a vintage plane now. And the pilot is now carrying an extra 10 kg of
"reserve fuel" (fat).
We will see...
#
Human power festival in Interlaken
Switzerland
...We saw: in spite of its design life of one summer *Vélair* still flies (and is still in one piece !).
At the Interlaken Human Power Festival August 1999.
---
#
Events 2000
* 26 January: presentation to VDI-Verein Ulm: "Fliegen wie
ein Mensch"
* 16 March: presentation to SAMPE (Society for the advancement
of materials and process engineering) /University of Stuttgart: "Fliegen
wie ein Mensch"
* *Vélair* on Discovery Channel: "Extreme maschines"
(Pioneer Productions)
* *Vélair* at ARD [Tigerentenclub](http://www.tigerentenclub.de):
May (including some short snapshots about *Pelargos 3* and the very
first flight
*Vélair 88*)
* [Spokes Festival
in Leicester /UK: 28...31 July](http://www.spokesfest.freeserve.co.uk) (*Airglow*
HPA will be on display)
* Fahrradausstellung in Nürnberg Fall 2000 (perhaps with
flight demo). Whether flights will be possible depends on time on hand
for the preparation, same procedure as last year. This will be posted here
in time.
12 August: Sorry, no demo
flights in Nürnberg, there will be no event on an airfield.
---
#
Events 2001
Demo flights can be booked now. Minimum requirement is a
hard 700 x 10 m runway. The longer the better. Flights scheduled to start
in June 2001.
---
#
References
* Fliegen mit 225 Watt. Muskelkraftflugzeuge und Anwendungen.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft und Raumfahrttechnik, Oktober 1990,
Bonn.
* Human powered aircraft, the limits of light weight construction:
OSTIV symposium Wiener Neustadt 1989.
* The human powered aircraft *Vélair:* design details
and result of structural, prop and flight tests. AIAA International human
powered flight symposium August 1994, Seattle Washington, USA.
* Human powered flight as a sport. Symposium at the Royal Aeronautical
Society January 1996.
* Design of aircraft with minimum required power. Stuttgart
1990.
* Technological spin off from human powered to high altitude
long endurance aircraft. The Royal Aeronautical Society, London January
1999.
From other autors:
* Keith Sherwin: Man powered flight. Model & Allied publications
Argus Books ltd, Kings Langley UK, 1971.
* Morton Grosser: The gossamer Odyssey. Houghton Mifflin Company,
Boston USA, 1981.
* Gary Dorsey: The Fullness of Wings . Viking Pinguin, New York
USA, 1990.
---
##
My flight experience with HPA's:
(nono, I crashed only very few of them !)
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Aircraft** | **built by** | **country** | **configuration (all conventional tail)** | **year** |
| [Pelargos II](pelargos.htm) | Max Horlacher | CH | 27m, multiwire rectangular higfh wing, tractor prop | 1983 |
| [Pelargos III](pelargos.htm) | Max Horlacher | CH | 22m, singlewire and strut rectangular wing, tractor prop | 1985 |
| [Musculair 2](musculair.htm) | GünterRochelt | D | 19.5m cantilever trapeze wing, pusher prop | 1985...1986 |
| Vélair 88 | Peer Frank | D | 21.7m cantilever double trapeze wing, pusher prop | 1988-89 |
| Vélair 89 | Peer Frank | D | 23.2m cantilever rectangular/trapeze wing, pusher prop | since 1989 |
| [Airglow](http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/j_d_mcintyre/airglow.htm) | John McIntyre | UK | 25m single wire trapeze wing, pusher concentric prop | 1992 |
---
For more information about human powered vehicles (land/water/air/rail)
see:
[International Human Powered Vehicle
Association](http://www.ihpva.org)
[HPV Deutschland, der Club f�r innovative Fortbewegung](http://www.hpv.org)
[home](index.html)
| http://www.skytec-engineering.de/hpa.htm |
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<H1 align=center><font color ="#FF0000">Welcome to Black Crow's Art Gallery</font></H1>
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<IMG SRC="http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/self_portrait_tn.jpg" ALIGN="middle" ALT="self-portrait by Black Crow"><BR>
<H3>Black Crow: Self Portrait</H3>
<A HREF="http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/self_portrait.jpg">Go to full size drawing</A> (122k jpeg)
</DIV>
<hr><p><font color ="#FF0000"><STRONG>Black Crow's Gallery pages are organized by categories, so that the entire set of drawings does not load all at once. Links from the <a href="http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/gallery.html">Gallery Index</A> lead to each category, where thumbnails of all drawings are displayed, with links to the full-size images.</STRONG> </font></p>
<P ALIGN="center">
<font color="#993333"><strong>All images in Black Crow's Art Gallery are copyright protected by Chris Black Crow Bousquet.</strong> </FONT>
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<hr>
<p><STRONG>Black Crow's story in his own words:</STRONG></p>
<BLOCKQUOTE>I've been
doing this type of art work for about 10 years now since I've been
in the Prisons of Massachusetts, so I've had a lot of practice and
got pretty good with it. This Prison at Gardner has a Native
Circle so you would well know I've been changing my ways of
thinking and of life. You asked where I come from? Honestly I
couldn't tell you. I was adopted into a White family at the age of
9 months old. Brought up by them and their ways. I always knew I
was adopted but not till awhile ago did I ask if I was Native. She
said Yes. I do not know from who or where do I come from.
Sometimes I really wonder and would like to know. Though you know ... if I really asked these parents more it would
hurt their feelings that they brought me up all this time, leading
into a big thing. Right now I am very happy that the Spirit has
led me here and I can practice the ways of our Ancestors, Elders
and our Native Tradition. It is truly the way to live no matter
where we are, not only for ourselves but for the Generations to
come.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>[from a letter to <a href="http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/reed.html" target="_blank">Little Rock Reed</A>, dated September 26,
1995] </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Black Crow was a named plaintiff in <a href="http://people.umass.edu/derrico/trapp/" target="_blank">
Trapp, et al. v. DuBois, et al.</A>, a lawsuit for religious freedom
in prison in Massachusetts.</P>
<P><font color ="#FF0000">Black Crow was granted parole in 2021. <BR><BR>
</font></P><HR>
<p align="center">
<a href="http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/gallery.html" target="_blank">Go to the Gallery Index of Black Crow's drawings</A>.
</p>
<hr>
<h4 align="center">More art, photos, and literature by prisoners <br></h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.prisonsfoundation.org/" target="_blank">Prisons Foundation</a></li>
</ul>
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<P>
This site was created for Black Crow by <a href="http://people.umass.edu/derrico/">Peter d'Errico</A>. <br>
<strong>All images copyright by Chris Black Crow Bousquet © 1995, 2021</strong>
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Welcome to Black Crow's Native American Indian Art
# Welcome to Black Crow's Art Gallery
### Black Crow: Self Portrait
[Go to full size drawing](http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/self_portrait.jpg) (122k jpeg)
---
**Black Crow's Gallery pages are organized by categories, so that the entire set of drawings does not load all at once. Links from the [Gallery Index](http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/gallery.html) lead to each category, where thumbnails of all drawings are displayed, with links to the full-size images.**
**All images in Black Crow's Art Gallery are copyright protected by Chris Black Crow Bousquet.**
---
**Black Crow's story in his own words:**
> I've been
> doing this type of art work for about 10 years now since I've been
> in the Prisons of Massachusetts, so I've had a lot of practice and
> got pretty good with it. This Prison at Gardner has a Native
> Circle so you would well know I've been changing my ways of
> thinking and of life. You asked where I come from? Honestly I
> couldn't tell you. I was adopted into a White family at the age of
> 9 months old. Brought up by them and their ways. I always knew I
> was adopted but not till awhile ago did I ask if I was Native. She
> said Yes. I do not know from who or where do I come from.
> Sometimes I really wonder and would like to know. Though you know ... if I really asked these parents more it would
> hurt their feelings that they brought me up all this time, leading
> into a big thing. Right now I am very happy that the Spirit has
> led me here and I can practice the ways of our Ancestors, Elders
> and our Native Tradition. It is truly the way to live no matter
> where we are, not only for ourselves but for the Generations to
> come.
> [from a letter to [Little Rock Reed](http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/reed.html), dated September 26,
> 1995]
Black Crow was a named plaintiff in [Trapp, et al. v. DuBois, et al.](http://people.umass.edu/derrico/trapp/), a lawsuit for religious freedom
in prison in Massachusetts.
Black Crow was granted parole in 2021.
---
[Go to the Gallery Index of Black Crow's drawings](http://nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/gallery.html).
---
#### More art, photos, and literature by prisoners
* [Prisons Foundation](http://www.prisonsfoundation.org/)
---
This site was created for Black Crow by [Peter d'Errico](http://people.umass.edu/derrico/).
**All images copyright by Chris Black Crow Bousquet © 1995, 2021**
[](http://www.nativeweb.org/)
---
| http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/black_crow/ |
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<CENTER> <FONT SIZE=7 COLOR="#FF0000">Manifest Destiny and <BR>Western Canada</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>©1997 </FONT>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=5>Book One:<BR> Sitting Bull, the Little Bighorn and the<BR> North-West Mounted Police Revisited
</FONT> </CENTER>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE> <FONT SIZE=2>A Critical Re-evaluation of the Geopolitical
Objectives of the United States Government's Northern Plains Indian
Wars of the 1860s and 1870s, and their Encompassing Historical
Contexts.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE=2>by Todd D. Sauvé </FONT></CENTER>
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<CENTER><U><B><FONT SIZE=4>Chapter I - A Tale of Two Countries
<BR>
</FONT></B></U></CENTER>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>The telegraphed dispatch arrived on Independence
Day.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">1</FONT></SUP>
<P>
A nation is 100 years old only once. Therefore, July
4 of the year 1876 was of prime significance and the festivities
planned to celebrate the throwing off of American subservience
to British rule were replete with patriotism and celebrities.
<P>
Ulysses Simpson Grant, the famous Union commander
of the Civil War, was president. It was an election year and Grant's
administration was in perpetual political difficulty over the
countless charges of corruption that had ultimately forced him
to forsake his hopes for a third presidential term.
<P>
However, that day's news had shed him of one of his
most outspoken and prominent critics.
<P>
Generals William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Henry
Sheridan, as well as others of the military, political and corporate
elite, were in Philadelphia, the nationally historic centre named
for the Biblical city of brotherly love, when they read the account
in the local newspapers. But the report was not one of brotherly<table border="0" width="100" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" align="RIGHT">
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love.
<P>
When queried initially by reporters both Sherman
and Sheridan dismissed the story with terms like "preposterous"
and "not possible." But as it became apparent that it
was neither of these, they too lapsed into the shocked silence
and confused outrage that was gripping their entire country.
<P>
The United States of America, One Nation Under God,
had received rebuke.
<P>
<I>Custer was dead! As were 264 of his brothers in
arms!</I>
<P>
George Armstrong Custer, golden boy of the US Army,
Civil War hero, the youngest major-general in American history,
had fallen victim to national ambition, vanity and corruption.
<P>
On the afternoon of Sunday, June 25, eight days earlier,
he had led elements of the famed Seventh Cavalry, numbering more
than 200 men, to their deaths near the banks of the Greasy Grass
River in Montana Territory, at what was to become known as the
Battle of the Little Bighorn. Perhaps hoping for a spectacular
victory that would restore his fortunes as the rising star of
the US Army or establish a basis for entry into politics, he had
fallen to a vastly superior force of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho.
<P>
The victors that day were a persecuted and cheated
minority. That they should have vengeance on their tormentors
had, they were assured, been ordained by the spirit world through
a holy man, tribal and war chief that they knew as <I>Tatanka
Iyotake</I>. He had just been acclaimed the supreme chief of all
the assembled hunting tribes in the unceded territory--an unprecedented
honour.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">2</FONT></SUP> That he fought that day himself has been conclusively
proven and his name, Sitting Bull, would become synonymous with
the worst defeat ever inflicted on the United States military
in all of its Western Indian wars.
<P>
It also made him the most famous Indian of all time.
<P>
The policies pursued by the United States government
had virtually guaranteed an endless succession of armed confrontations
with its indigenous peoples as it had moved steadily West toward
its "Manifest Destiny." Treaties had no sooner been
negotiated and signed, when plans were being laid in the highest
offices of the land to renege on them. Almost everyone, from the
most prominent politicians in Washington D.C., to their emissaries
in the military and commerce on the frontier, was engaged in a
national disgrace of lies, deceptions and thievery.
<P>
Official amoralities like the slaughter of tens of
millions of buffalo to force the acquiescence of the various tribes
to the government's will and the hunting down of any remnants
who would not or could not comply, hardened the resolve of the
remaining Natives to resist.
<P>
By the late-1860s and early-1870s the conflict in
the United States had finally reached as far into its northwest
as the Canadian border with the Dakota and Montana territories.
Civil War veterans and other land-hungry Americans were filling
up the comparatively empty Prairies behind the rapidly emerging
railroads, pushing ever westward to the Rocky Mountains and beyond.
<P>
The forwardmost elements of this expansion were inevitably
the most lawless and included in their ranks whiskey traders,
gun-runners, buffalo and wolf hunters and outlaws of every stripe.
Murder, rape and plundering was often visited on whoever might
have the misfortune of crossing paths with them, regardless of
race.
<P>
This was the Wild West.
<P>
This boiling cauldron of humanity spilled over the
still uncertain international boundary between the United States
and Canada, threatening to consume the fledgling country's claim
to the nearly uninhabited Great Plains between its newly established
provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia. The border was an
amorphous and illusory concept with Indians and outlaws, cowboys
and cavalry, fur traders and missionaries and great herds of buffalo
all crossing it at will.
<P>
Possession was nine-tenths of the law and the two
countries had found themselves at loggerheads on this issue numerous
times in the past hundred years. Though for the most part neither
one wanted to fight a war over the division of the continent,
the competition between the two brothers could at times be fierce,
as evidenced by the American War of Independence and the War of
1812.
<P>
Canada was also in the process of discovering that
its interests and those of the British Empire did not always coincide.
The Imperial government, wearying of North American colonial entanglements
and always more engaged by its European affairs, was not hesitant
to trade away Canadian territory in order to appease American
expansionists.
<P>
In 1844, James Knox Polk campaigned for the presidency
of the United States on the issue of possession of the Oregon
territory and was at the same time fomenting a similar dispute
with Mexico. He demanded that Great Britain forfeit all her claims
on the Pacific coast as far north as Russian territory at 54 degrees,
40 minutes. In effect, he was attempting to encircle British territorial
interests and place the United States in the strategic position
to swallow the entirety of the continent. This immediate objective
was eventually abandoned in the aftermath of the Mexican war,
but Polk's sabre rattling did gain for the US all of the continent
up to the 49th parallel.
<P>
Though by this time there was little doubt who would
win a war, in the short term at any rate, Polk's ambitions had
been tempered by the unpopularity of his dispute with their southern
neighbour and the enormous internal political difficulties attendant
to the acquisition of so much new territory. These problems--the
status of slavery in the new tract and repeated Southern attempts
to expand it north into the Free States--would be the precursor
to the American Civil War.
<P>
The Civil War would provide Canada with invaluable
breathing space in which to lay the groundwork for its own Confederation
in 1867 and devise a solution for its massive loss of immigrants
to the United States, due to the settlement of all arable farmland.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">3</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Invoking the providence of the Biblical God of the
Israelites, the infant country drew upon the Old Testament and
the eighth verse of King Solomon's 72d Psalm for its name: "And
He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, And from the River
unto the ends of the earth."
<P>
Thus both nations, the Dominion of Canada and the
United States of America--newly born in the mid-1860s--turned
their gaze West and dreamt of ascendancy from sea to shining sea.
<P>
Heedless of their neighbour's aspirations, the American
Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, their respective
Secretaries of State William H. Seward and Hamilton Fish, as well
as countless other politicians and newspaper editors, habitually
called for the outright annexation of Canada and British North
America.
<P>
On June 24, 1864, as the Civil War was drawing to
its conclusion, the <I>New York Herald </I>editorialized that
soon "… four hundred thousand thoroughly disciplined
troops will ask no better occupation than to destroy the last
vestiges of British rule on the American continent and annex Canada
to the United States."
<P>
During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln had
paid little attention to expansionist elements like the Irish-American
"Fenians" who, after he was assassinated and Andrew
Johnson assumed the presidency, were freely allowed to launch
guerrilla raids into Canada. Johnson was expressing his displeasure
with Britain's wartime commerce with the secessionist states and
lending a supporting arm to those who might formulate a policy
of armed conflict, in the furtherance of Manifest Destiny. Professedly
the Fenians only motivation was to hold captured Canadian territory
until Britain abandoned its occupation of Ireland. But in the
nation's highest circles it was rumoured that any territory gained
from Canada, especially on the south bank of the St. Lawrence
River, would be permanently attached to the rapidly expanding
United States.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">4</FONT></SUP>
<P>
This sympathy had found earlier expression in a military
standoff between the two in 1860 over the ownership of San Juan,
an island in the straits of Juan de Fuca along the Pacific coast
boundary. Twelve years later, in 1872, after the arbitration of
Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and at the height of the Grant presidencies,
the entire island chain was given to the Americans.
<P>
As a result of this and other disputes, both countries
were heavily engaged in espionage against each other and had been
for years.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">5</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Canada was likewise having difficulties in dealing
with the indigenous peoples of her Western frontier. For the most
part, expansion had been achieved through the Hudson's Bay Company
and its trading for furs with the various tribes throughout the
forested north and mountain ranges of the far West.
<P>
But its Great Plains, almost a thousand miles from
east to west, were not as rich in valuable furs and the Indians
who lived there tended to be very fierce indeed. This was the
home and hunting grounds of the nomadic and war-like Lakota, Dakota
and Nakota Sioux, Plains Cree, Assiniboine, Plains Ojibway, Blackfoot,
Blood, Peigan and Sarcee, among others. Many white explorers and
adventurers who penetrated deeply into this vast region did not
live to relate their experiences.
<P>
War had been an increasingly present fact of life
amongst these Plains tribes for more than a century, and as the
technology of white civilization came into their hands they used
it against their hereditary enemies, pushing them violently aside
and enlarging upon whatever territory they coveted.
<P>
Up until the mid-1850s this was the last large unexplored
tract left in North America. Then, from 1857 to 1859, Captain
John Palliser led a Royal Geographical Society expedition that
mapped the region and its Western mountain passes, finally giving
the British Empire somewhat more than the tenuous claims of its
1818 and 1846 boundary treaties with the United States.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">6</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Nonetheless, American explorers and traders had also
been trying to establish links with the Plains tribes north of
the 49th parallel. Regarded with deep suspicion and greeted with
a shoot-on-sight policy, they were bloodily repulsed by the Blackfoot,
Blood, Peigan and Sarcee from the time of the Lewis and Clark
expedition in the earliest 1800s. Deflected eastward but continuing
to work out of Fort Union and other outposts on the upper Missouri,
the American Fur Company began enticing delegations of Cree and
Assiniboine from the Canadian Plains, east of the Cypress Hills,
to Washington D.C. for displays of the United States' military
power as early as 1831.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">7</FONT></SUP>
<P>
In 1853 and 1854 Isaac I. Stevens, the incipient
governor of Washington Territory, led a congressionally mandated
exploration party which reported directly to Secretary of War
Jefferson Davis, (who was soon to be the first and only president
of the Confederate States of America), mapping a route for the
proposed Northern Pacific Railroad. For military and commercial
purposes, the American government desired to build a railroad
west across the Great Plains between the 49th and 47th parallels,
adjacent to its border with British North America. Along the way,
Stevens, an ardent expansionist and veteran of the Mexican War,
dispatched delegations which deliberately crossed the international
boundary at the Souris River, the Cypress Hills and the eastern
slope of the Rocky Mountains, penetrating British territory deeply
in search of the region's Plains Indians and Red River Métis
hunters.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">8</FONT></SUP> They successfully drew various chieftains
to Fort Benton, (then still a part of the huge Nebraska Territory),
for "counseling sessions with [representatives of] the Great
White Father"--Governor Stevens' political mentor and close
personal friend, President Franklin Pierce.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">9</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Numerous other armed exploration, prospecting, trading
and hunting expeditions swarmed over the border throughout the
1860s and early-1870s, introducing huge quantities of liquor and
up to date weaponry to the region's tribes.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">10</FONT></SUP>
<P>
However, the Northwestern Plains remained almost
exclusively Indian territory and was far too distant from the
effective frontier of Canada or the United States to fall under
either's direct influence. It continued on as a tantalizing prize,
very much desired by both.
<P>
Further east, the arrival of new settlers from Ontario
at the Selkirk Colony and nearby Fort Garry, close to the confluence
of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, throughout the early and middle
decades of the century had caused a tremendous amount of friction
between them and the mixed race <I>Métis</I> and Half-breed
peoples. The Métis were the offspring of French fur traders
and Indian women, while the Half-breeds held a British patrimonial
lineage. Both groups were longtime residents of the frontier.
At bitter issue were their hereditary and cultural pursuits, the
apportioning of farmland and long-established trade patterns.
<P>
Ideas that had been formulated in the East, without
regard for the desires of the people of the West, led to armed
conflict time and time again.
<P>
Farmland next to precious water was resurveyed and
expropriated by Ottawa. Free trade with neighbouring American
settlements was imperiously and self-servingly curtailed by the
Hudson's Bay Company. Also officially hampered were the traditional
Métis buffalo hunts, while the wishes of the local Indian
tribes were almost completely ignored.
<P>
Understandably, neither the mixed-race nor Indian
peoples of the West were anxious to be absorbed by a government
so indifferent to their desires. Ultimately, not even the whites
were being consulted by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald in
Ottawa who planned to render the entire Great Plains a mere "colony"
of central Canada by "swamping" it with new settlers--thereby
silencing their complaints.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">11</FONT></SUP>
<P>
When a coalition of Métis, Half-breeds <I>and</I>
whites formed a transitional government in 1869-70 and started
to enforce its own laws under the leadership of a former divinity
student named Louis Riel, (following the Hudson's Bay Company's
sale of its territorial rights to Canada), Ottawa sent an army
of 1,200 to smash them.
<P>
When approached for the use of American rail transport,
President Ulysses S. Grant refused Canada's request. Still smarting
over the rejection of the United States' $10 million bid for the
British Northwest, Grant had in November 1869 revealed his secret
plans for the annexation of Canada to the members of his cabinet.
The region north of the Great Lakes was amongst the most miserable
in the world for the mass movement of troops or the construction
of a railroad. Canada, Grant believed, was cut off from its West.
With the purchase of Alaska from Russia only two years previously
in 1867, the staunch resistance of most Nova Scotians and not
a few New Brunswickers to union with Canada, and the recent arrival
of a petition from British Columbian colonists urging a speedy
American annexation, the continental goals of the United States
became obvious and seemed assured.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">12</FONT></SUP>
<P>
On March 5, 1870, Washington D.C.'s <I>National Republican</I>
(the capital's primary organ of the Republican party) threatened
that "[should] any attempt … be made to bring the North-West
colony into subjection by a resort to arms there can be but one
opinion throughout the American Union, as to the duty of the United
States Government in the matter, and that is to adopt the most
decisive method to prevent an Indian war of extermination and
protect the colony in the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine and under
the claims of our common humanity against the oppression of a
foreign power."<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">13</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Indeed, a single bold military thrust into this region
from Minnesota, (under governors Alexander Ramsey, Henry H. Sibley
and William R. Marshall, <I>the</I> epicentre of annexationist
passion), would have gained them the entire western portion of
the continent. Towards this end the American consular delegation
to the disputed British Northwest at Winnipeg was a den of secret
agents and spies. Headed up by General Oscar Malmros and later
James W. Taylor, they were in constant contact with the provisional
government, offering it advice and support and at the same time
urging Washington to provide Riel with financial aid. The consulate's
ultimate objective remained unwaveringly the political absorption
of the Northwest.
<P>
Yet with the attainment of his goals so close at
hand, President Ulysses S. Grant (plagued by the unruly Irish-American
Fenians who had launched yet another of their invasions into Canada)
had met his match with Prime Minister Macdonald in the Machiavellian
world of cloak-and-dagger, and geopolitical skulduggery.
<P>
Forced afoot, the Canadian troops were compelled
to make their arduous journey through the rugged Shield country,
north of the Great Lakes. In the interim, Macdonald (a longtime
spymaster against both the Americans and Fenians) was learning
quickly from his mistakes and hastening to exploit the weaknesses
he had uncovered. Sensing that his American opponent was desirous
of appearing to the outside world as honest and aboveboard, Macdonald
entered into an unwritten agreement with Riel's provisional government
that would give the Métis leader almost every concession
he had demanded. Then, after Riel had rejected American aid, Macdonald
pounced on his Métis rivals with the Canadian Army. Ostensibly
arriving to protect the settlers from marauding Sioux Indians,
they instead toppled Riel's provisional government, scattering
the Métis in particular further west and sowing the seeds
for future conflict.
<P>
When the Fenians immediately offered to step into
the breach, the bewildered Riel turned them down as well, and
was at length driven by Macdonald into a prolonged American exile.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">14</FONT></SUP>
<P>
Incredibly, at this very time the Imperial government
in London had decided that Canada, if push came to shove, was
expendable! Faced with the possibility of a European war in the
fallout of the 1870 Franco-Prussian conflict, the British, unhappy
at the prospect of tangling with the Americans as well, withdrew
all of their troops from North America.
<P>
Canada--with a population of less than<I> four</I>
million--would either gain and hold the majority of the North
American continent through its own devices and fortitude, or succumb
as a nation to the continental aspirations of the immensely more
powerful United States of America.
<P>
In his final analysis of this first Western fiasco,
Macdonald concluded that the new Dominion of Canada would have
to build that "impossible" transcontinental railroad
in order to retain its paid for, but as yet unoccupied, Great
Plains.
<P>
In order to prevent this, staggeringly wealthy Republican
party financier and Grant confidant Jay Cooke of the Northern
Pacific Railroad, (as well as its other directors--state governors
among them), stepped up their efforts to hasten its completion
and moved behind the scenes to gain secret control of their rival,
the upstart Canadian Pacific Railway.<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">15</FONT></SUP> Cooke deduced
that could he restrict access to the northern Great Plains solely
to his Northern Pacific Railroad, the entire region would shortly
fall into the American orbit. He had also, to no avail, tried
to entice Riel's provisional government into union with the United
States in 1870, and was known to associate with the Fenians. Using
expatriate Canadians and the perfidious Montrealer Sir Hugh Allan,
Cooke now attempted to purchase leverage over the Conservative
government of Sir John A. Macdonald through clandestine campaign
financing and thereby ensnare the Canadian Pacific's directorship.
<P>
Thus while a joint American-Canadian surveying expedition
was establishing the exact location of the international boundary
across the Great Plains, (under the terms of 1871's Treaty of
Washington and the protection of Major Marcus Reno's two companies
of US Seventh Cavalry, in addition to a single company of Twentieth
Infantry), the most potent American power brokers were labouring
surreptitiously to erase it!
<P>
After their intrigue was revealed by a disgruntled
underling in 1873, Macdonald's government, seriously implicated,
collapsed. The surrounding scandal forced a contraction of the
London money markets, which, combined with other factors, led
directly to the bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific conspirators.
It also installed Alexander Mackenzie and his Liberals in office--ardently
opposed to the Canadian Pacific's construction timetable, but
equally as practised in the art of corruption. And for good measure,
it plunged North America into the worst economic depression in
its history.
<P>
Work on Canada's Canadian Pacific and the United
States' Northern Pacific railroads, the vanguards of their respective
country's craving for the northern Great Plains, ground to an
almost complete stop. In fact, the Canadian Pacific existed in
name only. <I>Not a single mile of track had been laid!</I> The
Northern Pacific, on the other hand, was poised for its final
assault on the northern Plains Indians, having stretched forth
to the east bank of the Missouri River at Bismarck, in the Dakota
Territory. That very winter, in March 1873, brevet Major-General
George Armstrong Custer and almost the entirety of his elite Seventh
Cavalry were transferred to nearby Fort Abraham Lincoln.
<P>
British Columbia, meanwhile, isolated on the west
coast and lured into Confederation by the promise of a speedily
completed transcontinental railroad, protested Canada's delays
bitterly and was soon threatening to secede.
<P>
The United States, having been stymied on the industrial-economic
front, turned its attention once again to intrigue and covert
political action. Sometime in 1874 the exiled Métis member
of Parliament from Manitoba, Louis Riel--now a revolutionary--was
ushered into his first known secret meeting with President Ulysses
S. Grant.
<P>
Despite its grandiose schemes, it was still all the
United States could do to keep its hold on the Dakota, Wyoming
and Montana territories in the face of ceaseless harassment from
such feared Indian leaders as Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Rain-in-the-Face,
Four Horns, Black Moon and Gall. The Sioux were the mightiest
of all the Plains Indians, numbering thirty thousand among their
many tribes in both Canada and the United States. Of these, the
Tetons or Lakota, with their seven separate bands and allied Northern
Cheyenne and Arapaho, amounting to twenty thousand on both reservations
and unceded territory, were providing the main opposition to the
US Army.
<P>
The powerful Blackfoot Confederacy had already been
almost entirely routed from their huge reservation in northwestern
Montana Territory. For resisting American intrusions of their
treaty lands they were bloodily terrorized across the border and
into Canada by the US Army in January 1870.
<P>
The Lakota's other perpetual enemies, the Plains
Ojibway, Plains Cree and Assiniboine, (who had separated from
the Yanktonais Sioux two and one half centuries earlier), were
also spread out across their northern flank and now beginning
to experience the negative aspects of the rapidly encroaching
white civilization.
<P>
Interspersed amongst these latter tribes were the
Métis, angry with their treatment at the hands of the Canadian
government and who, in previous decades, had formed treaties with
the Sioux.
<P>
Such were the circumstances that the North-West Mounted
Police trekked into during the drought-stricken summer of 1874,
and so began one of history's greatest epics.
<P>
Formed as a paramilitary force in order not to excite
American annexationist passions, but cavalry in reality, their
assignment was to conclusively establish Canadian sovereignty
north of the 49th parallel and negotiate the peaceful settlement
of Canada's Western tribes on reservations. As these 275 men rode
into the West from Fort Dufferin, Manitoba, newspapers across
the continent predicted their lives would be violently cut short
by the rampaging Indian tribes or outlaw desperadoes, gun-runners
and whiskey traders who vastly outnumbered them and had already
decimated hundreds upon hundreds of US cavalrymen, soldiers and
settlers. Many deserted.
<P>
The "Mounties," as they came to be called,
built a number of forts at strategic sites throughout the North-West
Territories and began their task by driving out and arresting
the large criminal elements emanating from the United States.
<P>
Not all of the Indians welcomed them with open arms,
however. Many wanted no white men of any sort trespassing on their
territory or arranging a life for them on reservations, and dangerous
confrontations occurred on not a few occasions. Theirs remained
a shaky hold at best. Only the Mounties' Herculean efforts at
even-handed and fair dispensation of justice, and the ancient
inter-tribal animosities, worked to their advantage.
<P>
War was not uncommon between the Blackfoot Confederacy
and Cree-Assiniboine Alliance. At one battle on the banks of the
Belly River in 1870, only a few miles from where the NWMP would
build Fort Macleod four years later, <I>over 300 warriors were
slain!</I> The Blackfoot were victorious that day, due mainly
to the repeating rifles they had obtained from American gun-runners.
<P>
But at another battle between these two groups near
the northeastern slopes of the Cypress Hills, a mere four years
earlier in 1866, <I>the Cree annihilated more than 600 Blackfoot!</I><SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">16</FONT></SUP>
<P>
These Plains tribes were formidable indeed, and the
Mounted Police existed exclusively at their pleasure. Few settlers
displayed the daring to make their way West.
<P>
South of the border, justice had long since ceased
to operate. There was no adequate equivalent to a federal police
force at work, applying equal justice to whites and Indians. There
was only an alliance of the Northern Pacific Railroad, Black Hills
gold mining interests and the United States government itself--all
determined to force the Indians onto mostly miserable reservations,
take possession of their coveted lands and push the tracks through
to the Pacific coast.
<P>
Time and again the two would clash as the freedom
loving and ferocious Indians of the northern Great Plains found
themselves forced into an ill-defined and ever shrinking enclave
of foothills, badlands and prairies, 500 miles wide and 600 miles
deep, with their backs to the Rocky Mountains on both sides of
the Canada-US border.
<P>
Unrecognized as they have been, these <I>were</I>
the factors that culminated in the deaths of George Armstrong
Custer and 264 members of his Seventh United States Cavalry.
<P>
And while this is by far the most written of episode
in the history of the North American West--and probably North
American history as a whole--there remains a much deeper level
of secrecy and intrigue to this epic story that has <I>never</I>
been correlated or deduced.
<P>
Until now.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR WIDTH=50%><HR WIDTH=25%><HR WIDTH=12%><P>
<U>Endnotes</U>:
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">1</FONT></SUP> This is the subject of much uncertainty, to say the least. Just which outpost, town or city received the news of the Little Bighorn disaster first and on what date is largely unknown. According to Joseph Manzione's <I>"I Am Looking to the North For My Life": Sitting Bull 1876-1881</I> (Salt Lake City, UT, University of Utah Press, 1991) it arrived in the eastern United States on July 5, 1876. Robert Utley states on page 3 of his <I>Cavalier in Buckskins:</I> <I>George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier</I> (Norman, OK.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988) that it was published in Bismarck, Dakota Territory on July 6 and apparently reached that town very late on the night of the fifth. Many writers therefore feel that it was then sent out over Bismarck's telegraph wires on either July 5 or sixth.
<P>
However …
<P>
Evan S. Connell's <I>Son of the Morning Star </I>(New
York, NY: Harper Perennial, 1985) gives a plethora of different
dates on pages 323-25. It reached Fort Ellis, Montana Territory
on July 3 and probably nearby Bozeman the same day. It may have
reached the capital at Helena the next day, July 4. A woman from
Elizabeth Custer's hometown in Monroe, Michigan testified in 1938
that the news reached <I>there</I> on July 4. The Shoshone and
Crow scouts with General Crook's detachment camped on Goose Creek,
Wyoming Territory apparently knew of the outcome that very hour--on
June 25! Short of the supernatural, this last seems astonishing.
<P>
Corroborating the July 4 date is Dr. Paul A. Hutton's
in-depth military biography, <I>Phil Sheridan and His Army</I>
(Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1985).
On page 315 Dr. Hutton records that "On July
4, an Associated Press wire story originating in Salt Lake City
[Utah] claimed that … Custer and every man of five companies
of the Seventh [cavalry] were killed." Sherman and Sheridan
dismissed the story out of hand. (However, Sheridan telegraphed
Chicago asking for updates from the Terry-Custer column. As of
July 4 and fifth there were none.)
<P>
Regardless of these conflicting dates, historically
the event is <I>wholly</I> associated with the July 4, 1876, Centennial
celebrations and particularly so with Philadelphia, the United
States' original capital, where the president, Sherman, Sheridan
and everyone else of national prominence had gathered for the
National Exposition.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">2</FONT></SUP> Utley, Robert M.,
<I>The Lance And The Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull</I>
(New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 1993), 84-89, 133-34, 162-63.
No one chief has ever held such a title or exercised such sway,
before <I>or</I> after Sitting Bull. This excellent biography
is highly recommended
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">3</FONT></SUP> So bad had this
loss of populace grown that throughout the 1860s two people left
Canada and entered the United States for every immigrant who arrived--and
this was at a time of Civil War in the US!
<P>
Lamb, William K., <I>History of the Canadian Pacific
Railway</I>, (New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1977),
5.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">4</FONT></SUP> D'Arcy, William,
<I>The Fenian Movement in the U.S.: 1858-1886</I> (Washington,
DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1947), 84-85. Highly
placed Fenian Bernard Doran Killian, held conferences on several
occasions with both President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of
State William H. Seward in 1865. Killian assured his Irish brethren
that they had the administration's full support, when he returned
to their third Fenian Brotherhood convention in Philadelphia later
that year. These agreements were well known at the time and were
published in the Fenian newspaper <I>Irish People</I> on February
15, 1868, perhaps adding to President Johnson's political discomfort,
as he was being impeached at the time. A letter sent by Killian
to Seward, dated November 18, 1865, restates their understanding
and D'Arcy records that it is preserved in the archives of the
State Department in Washington, D.C.
<P>
The Fenian's are also credited with assassinating
Montreal Conservative M.P. Thomas D'Arcy McGee in Ottawa on April
7, 1868. McGee had been a fellow revolutionary as a young man
in Ireland, but chose not to support the Fenian's actions in the
New World, thus guaranteeing attempts on his life.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">5</FONT></SUP> D'Arcy, <I>The Fenian
Movement in the U.S.</I> This rare work lists many examples of
British and Canadian espionage against the United States and the
Fenian movement, which was allowed to thrive there in the latter
half of the nineteenth century. There are also numerous instances
listed of American consular employees fulfilling the same purpose
in Canada.
<P>
Cole, J. A., <I>Prince of Spies, Henri Le Caron</I>
(London, England: Faber and Faber, 1984). Here is the account
of one of history's great espionage agents and adventurers, Henri
Le Caron (whose real name was Thomas Miller Beach). Required reading.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">6</FONT></SUP> The Treaty of Ghent,
signed in 1818, officially brought to a close the War of 1812
and established the location of the international border as far
west as the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. On the Great
Plains the 49th parallel was agreed upon as the boundary. When
the Oregon Dispute was finally settled in 1846, the 49th parallel
was extended west over the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. But
treaties are, by long tradition, made to be broken and the United
States did not prove itself deficient in keeping faith with history's
most ancient traditions.
<P>
There also exists some evidence that the Palliser
Expedition was, in part, carrying out a mission for the newly
formed British Secret Service. Both Captain John Palliser and
the first head of the Secret Service, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas
Best Jervis, were contemporaneous members of the Royal Geographical
Society. This illustrious exploration body provided Palliser support
for his adventure in the wilds of the fabled North American West.
This was actually the second time that Palliser visited the West,
having travelled there on a big game hunting trip in the 1840s.
He also received funding from the Imperial government's Colonial
Office. Maps of these almost completely unexplored regions of
the British Empire were the Secret Service's most coveted prizes,
and this was Palliser's primary objective. In fact, at this time--the
mid and late-1850s--the British Secret Service was known as the
"Topographical and Statistical Department" (widely acknowledged
as its first "modern" incarnation) and maps were its
fundamental reason for existence. Their worth can be measured
by the fact that Palliser's maps served as the primary geographical
documentation used by the North-West Mounted Police when they
set forth to occupy the North-West Territories for Canada in the
summer of 1874. Like his American contemporary, Washington governor
Isaac I. Stevens, Captain John Palliser was also carrying out
some early analyses of the most sensible route for a transcontinental
railroad. His considered opinion would have delighted his Yankee
counterparts, as he was convinced that it had to run south of
the Great Lakes.
<P>
Here, combined with the contemporary American continental
manoeuvrings, lies the stuff for some great but yet to be written
historical novels.
<P>
Andrew, Christopher, <I>Secret Service: The Making
of the British Intelligence Community</I> (Kent, England: Hodder
and Stoughton Ltd., 1987), 30-33.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">7</FONT></SUP> Lavender, David,<I>
Let Me Be Free: The Nez Percé Tragedy</I> (New York, NY:
Harper Collins, 1992), 68-69. Read also Alvin Gluek's <I>Minnesota
and the Manifest Destiny of the Canadian Northwest</I> (University
of Toronto Press, 1965), chapter two "The American Approach,"
particularly pages 26-40.
<P>
This was during the first administration of "Old
Hickory," President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, famed as an
annexationist, had volunteered to lead an American army of conquest
against Quebec in the War of 1812.
<P>
The chief partner of the American Fur Company on
the upper Missouri River at this time was Kenneth McKenzie, who
had been born a British subject and was a former employee of the
Hudson's Bay Company. Having left the HBC's employ under less
than amicable terms in 1821, (after a short period of service
at probably their farthest western Prairie outpost, on the Souris
River), McKenzie and several others formed the short-lived but
profitable Columbia Fur Company. Their success in the almost entirely
unexplored (and unexploited) Mandan Indian territory attracted
the attention of John Jacob Astor, who owned the much larger and
rival American Fur Company. In 1827 Astor absorbed his annoying
competitors for $20,000 but retained the outposts and services
of the energetic and experienced McKenzie, as well as his partners.
The American Fur Company and Hudson's Bay Company had been at
daggers drawn over their respective country's western territorial
ambitions almost from day one, especially in the hotly contested
Oregon Territory. It was the Oregon Territory that became the
foremost centre of dispute between the United States and Great
Britain, through their mercantile surrogates the AFC and HBC,
for the next twenty years.
<P>
Nicknamed the "King of the Upper Missouri,"
McKenzie's Fort Union (originally Fort Floyd) became the focal
point of the AFC's attempts to usurp the HBC's control of the
northern Plains fur trade. (McKenzie opened another fur-trading
post much further west at the confluence of the Marias and Missouri
rivers, which he modestly named Fort McKenzie, aimed at usurping
HBC trade with the Blackfoot Confederacy. Lamentably, in 1837
a riverboat landed there carrying smallpox, which decimated the
local Blood and Peigan bands--six thousand tribesmen perished.)
There can be no doubt that it was the formerly British Kenneth
McKenzie who beguiled the Canadian Plains Cree into their Washington,
D.C. journey in 1831.
<P>
To this day, the only Cree who live in the United
States, (on the Rocky Boy reservation in northern Montana, gained
for them by the famous Western painter Charlie Russel), are the
refugees of the Big Bear band that fled there following the failure
of Louis Riel's 1885 Provisional Government of the Saskatchewan.
The Cree have <I>never</I> been considered "American"
Indians, even though the United States did manage to coax them
into signing the 1855 Judith River Treaty.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">8</FONT></SUP> Wheeler, Keith,
<I>The Old West: The Railroaders</I> (Alexandria, VA.: Time-Life
Books Inc., 1973), 30-33.
<P>
Irwin, Leonard B., <I>Pacific Railways and Nationalism
in the Canadian-American Northwest, 1845-1873 </I>(New York, NY:
Greenwood Press, Publishers, 1968), 18.
<P>
Anderson, Frank W.,<I> Fort Walsh and the Cypress
Hills</I> (Saskatoon, SK.: Gopher Books, 1989), 23.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">9</FONT></SUP> Whitney, David C.
and Robin Vaughn, <I>The American Presidents-Seventh edition</I>
(New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 1990), 111-18. Franklin Pierce,
whose term in office ran from 1853 to 1857, grew notorious in
the United States as the last president who wanted to expand slavery
into the Northern States. He was also an impassioned disciple
of the Manifest Destiny doctrine who fought in the Mexican War
of 1846. In fact, Pierce's Inaugural Speech made clear that he
would stop at nothing to obtain "certain possessions not
within our jurisdiction." (Throughout this period of history
it was the Northwest, <I>not</I> Mexico, which was by far the
primary object of American desires. Irwin, <I>Pacific Railroads
and Nationalism, </I>page 9). Governor Stevens of Washington was
a man after his friend the president's own heart. (Stevens was
also a personal friend of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.) But
because of lingering tensions from the Mexican War and attendant
regional jealousies, Pierce was forced to expend the lion's share
of his efforts on the acquisition of territories in northern Mexico.
His protégé Isaac Stevens' domain, the much less
populated Pacific Northwest and northern Plains, was nevertheless
much encouraged by Pierce's attempts to provide public land grants
to the railroad consortiums that would open their region of the
North American continent to massive immigration, for the heavily
documented purpose of extending the United States' border northward.
<P>
Fittingly, when former President "Handsome Frank"
Pierce died in 1869 he was widely regarded as a traitor because
of his ceaseless opposition to the Civil War and the freeing of
the slaves. To this day Pierce is generally viewed as a dangerous
demagogue, almost entirely out of step with his times.
<P>
Washington governor Isaac Stevens was eventually
killed while serving on the Union side in the Civil War.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">10</FONT></SUP> Hildebrandt, Walter,
and Hubner, Brian, <I>The Cypress Hills: The Land and Its People</I>
(Saskatoon, SK: Purich Publishing, 1994), 35-52. A fascinating
and valuable addition to our understanding of this beautiful,
almost completely overlooked, yet extremely significant region
of the northern Great Plains.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">11</FONT></SUP> Sprague, D. (Douglas)
N., <I>Canada and the Métis, 1869-1885</I> (Waterloo, ON:
Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1988). Read all of chapter two
"Acquiring Canada's First Colony," especially pages
24 through 30.
<P>
Prime Minister Macdonald frankly admitted this tactic
in a letter to an Ontario member of Parliament named J. Y. Brown,
dated October 14, 1869. In it he wrote:
<P>
"In another year the present residents [of Manitoba]
will be altogether swamped by the influx of strangers [Ontarians]
who will go in with the idea of becoming industrious & peaceable
settlers."
<P>
On February 9, 1871, Macdonald confessed the "colonial"
intentions of his government and the moneyed, imperialistic interests
he represented in another letter to Brown, who had been complaining
about the political actions of Manitoba Lieutenant-Governor Adams
G. Archibald.
<P>
<I>"If the original intentions of keeping it</I>
[Manitoba and, ultimately, the yet future provinces of Saskatchewan
and Alberta] <I>a Crown Colony, to be governed by instructions
from Ottawa, </I>had been carried out, we would of course have
been responsible for his [Archibald's] actions …" [italics
added]
<P>
Macdonald's colonial plans did not, however, meet
with universal acceptance from the other men who helped form the
Canadian Confederation. Liberal leaders Edward Blake and Donald
Mills, in particular, displayed much more democratic leanings
than the dictatorial Macdonald and his Conservatives, recommending
that the North-West Territories not be subjected to colonial status
but be brought into the nation commanding "the same rights
of local self-government, free from federal control, as is enjoyed
by the provinces of this Dominion." A number of other politicians
from Quebec and the Maritimes agreed, to no avail.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">12</FONT></SUP> It is intriguing
to note that a motion tabled in Congress on December 9, 1867,
by Minnesota Republican Senator Alexander Ramsey offered the Hudson's
Bay Company $46,000,000 for the northwest!
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">13</FONT></SUP> Stanley, George
F. G., <I>The Birth of Western Canada</I> (Toronto, ON:<I> </I>University
of Toronto Press, 1975), 126.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">14</FONT></SUP> Riel had created
an almost inextricable political difficulty for himself by executing
an Ontario Protestant named Thomas Scott, a trouble-making bigot
who had publicly vowed to assassinate the Métis leader.
Had he simply left Scott to cool his heels in his prison cell
until all the difficulties with Ottawa had been ironed out, things
<I>might</I> have been resolved very differently. But the Ontario
Liberal party used the issue in a mercenary political fashion
to add a religious flavour to the demands of Riel's provisional
government, and Prime Minister Macdonald (not one to let an opportunity
slip by) moved immediately to impose a military solution on the
situation suitable to the majority of his Eastern electorate.
Riel was forced to either voluntarily submit to a term of exile
from Canada or be charged with murder. Riel chose the exile, and
was heavily induced in that direction by a bribe paid to him by
Macdonald and the Hudson's Bay Company director Donald A. Smith.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">15</FONT></SUP> Berton, Pierre,
<I>The National Dream: The Great Railway 1871-1881</I> (Toronto,
ON: McClelland and Stewart Ltd., 1970). Mr. Berton, Canada's most
perennially popular historian, covers this Jay Cooke annexation
scheme in some detail. The volumes Mr. Berton has produced on
the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway should be on <I>every</I>
Western historian's list of required reading, as they reveal a
tremendous amount of what can only properly be described as<B>
</B><I>North American</I> Western frontier history.
<P>
<SUP><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">16</FONT></SUP> As far as the writer
of this work has been able to ascertain there were never any all-Indian
battles of such horrifying magnitude, in terms of combatants or
losses, on the Plains of the United States. The eminent American
historian Robert M. Utley has stated that the Battle of the Little
Bighorn leads the list of western American battles, in regard
to numbers killed. (Original reports from the unprovoked 1864
massacre of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado by Colonel
John M. Chivington's gaggle of frontier army regulars and volunteers
set the number of Cheyenne slain at 500. The total has since been
reliably revised downward to a still miserable 123.) The Red Ochre
Hills Massacre of March 1866 between the Plains Cree and Blackfoot,
with its reported 600 slain, makes both the Battle of the Little
Bighorn and Sand Creek pale in comparison. This number is taken
from Frank W. Anderson's<I> Fort Walsh and the Cypress Hills.</I>
Walter Hildebrandt's and Brian Hubner's <I>The Cypress Hills:
The Land and Its People</I>, however, states that this battle
resulted in about 300 dead. Neither work cites any reference,
though the accounts are taken from Isaac Cowie's <I>The Company
of Adventurers</I> (Toronto, ON: William Briggs, 1913), pages
313-15. Little investigation of this conflict has been carried
out. The Red Ochre Hills are southwest of present-day Swift Current,
Saskatchewan.
<P>
Another Canadian Plains Indian battle also easily
compares with the Battle of the Little Bighorn: 1870's battle
on the banks of the Belly River, near present-day Lethbridge,
Alberta, where it is estimated that over 300 Cree, Ojibway, Assiniboine,
Peigan and Blood were slain.
<P>
In addition, Custer's and Sitting Bull's fight on
the Little Bighorn is completely eclipsed by the slaughter of
approximately 420 Blackfoot by the Cree, just south of Fort Edmonton
in 1824.<P>
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Chapter I - A Tale of Two Countries
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Manifest Destiny and
Western Canada©1997
Book One:
Sitting Bull, the Little Bighorn and the
North-West Mounted Police Revisited
>
> > A Critical Re-evaluation of the Geopolitical
> > Objectives of the United States Government's Northern Plains Indian
> > Wars of the 1860s and 1870s, and their Encompassing Historical
> > Contexts.
>
>
by Todd D. Sauvé
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**Chapter I - A Tale of Two Countries**
> The telegraphed dispatch arrived on Independence
> Day.1
>
> A nation is 100 years old only once. Therefore, July
> 4 of the year 1876 was of prime significance and the festivities
> planned to celebrate the throwing off of American subservience
> to British rule were replete with patriotism and celebrities.
>
>
> Ulysses Simpson Grant, the famous Union commander
> of the Civil War, was president. It was an election year and Grant's
> administration was in perpetual political difficulty over the
> countless charges of corruption that had ultimately forced him
> to forsake his hopes for a third presidential term.
>
> However, that day's news had shed him of one of his
> most outspoken and prominent critics.
>
> Generals William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Henry
> Sheridan, as well as others of the military, political and corporate
> elite, were in Philadelphia, the nationally historic centre named
> for the Biblical city of brotherly love, when they read the account
> in the local newspapers. But the report was not one of brotherly
>
> | |
> | --- |
> |
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>
>
> love.
>
> When queried initially by reporters both Sherman
> and Sheridan dismissed the story with terms like "preposterous"
> and "not possible." But as it became apparent that it
> was neither of these, they too lapsed into the shocked silence
> and confused outrage that was gripping their entire country.
>
> The United States of America, One Nation Under God,
> had received rebuke.
>
> *Custer was dead! As were 264 of his brothers in
> arms!*
>
> George Armstrong Custer, golden boy of the US Army,
> Civil War hero, the youngest major-general in American history,
> had fallen victim to national ambition, vanity and corruption.
>
> On the afternoon of Sunday, June 25, eight days earlier,
> he had led elements of the famed Seventh Cavalry, numbering more
> than 200 men, to their deaths near the banks of the Greasy Grass
> River in Montana Territory, at what was to become known as the
> Battle of the Little Bighorn. Perhaps hoping for a spectacular
> victory that would restore his fortunes as the rising star of
> the US Army or establish a basis for entry into politics, he had
> fallen to a vastly superior force of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho.
>
> The victors that day were a persecuted and cheated
> minority. That they should have vengeance on their tormentors
> had, they were assured, been ordained by the spirit world through
> a holy man, tribal and war chief that they knew as *Tatanka
> Iyotake*. He had just been acclaimed the supreme chief of all
> the assembled hunting tribes in the unceded territory--an unprecedented
> honour.2 That he fought that day himself has been conclusively
> proven and his name, Sitting Bull, would become synonymous with
> the worst defeat ever inflicted on the United States military
> in all of its Western Indian wars.
>
> It also made him the most famous Indian of all time.
>
>
> The policies pursued by the United States government
> had virtually guaranteed an endless succession of armed confrontations
> with its indigenous peoples as it had moved steadily West toward
> its "Manifest Destiny." Treaties had no sooner been
> negotiated and signed, when plans were being laid in the highest
> offices of the land to renege on them. Almost everyone, from the
> most prominent politicians in Washington D.C., to their emissaries
> in the military and commerce on the frontier, was engaged in a
> national disgrace of lies, deceptions and thievery.
>
> Official amoralities like the slaughter of tens of
> millions of buffalo to force the acquiescence of the various tribes
> to the government's will and the hunting down of any remnants
> who would not or could not comply, hardened the resolve of the
> remaining Natives to resist.
>
> By the late-1860s and early-1870s the conflict in
> the United States had finally reached as far into its northwest
> as the Canadian border with the Dakota and Montana territories.
> Civil War veterans and other land-hungry Americans were filling
> up the comparatively empty Prairies behind the rapidly emerging
> railroads, pushing ever westward to the Rocky Mountains and beyond.
>
>
> The forwardmost elements of this expansion were inevitably
> the most lawless and included in their ranks whiskey traders,
> gun-runners, buffalo and wolf hunters and outlaws of every stripe.
> Murder, rape and plundering was often visited on whoever might
> have the misfortune of crossing paths with them, regardless of
> race.
>
> This was the Wild West.
>
> This boiling cauldron of humanity spilled over the
> still uncertain international boundary between the United States
> and Canada, threatening to consume the fledgling country's claim
> to the nearly uninhabited Great Plains between its newly established
> provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia. The border was an
> amorphous and illusory concept with Indians and outlaws, cowboys
> and cavalry, fur traders and missionaries and great herds of buffalo
> all crossing it at will.
>
> Possession was nine-tenths of the law and the two
> countries had found themselves at loggerheads on this issue numerous
> times in the past hundred years. Though for the most part neither
> one wanted to fight a war over the division of the continent,
> the competition between the two brothers could at times be fierce,
> as evidenced by the American War of Independence and the War of
> 1812.
>
> Canada was also in the process of discovering that
> its interests and those of the British Empire did not always coincide.
> The Imperial government, wearying of North American colonial entanglements
> and always more engaged by its European affairs, was not hesitant
> to trade away Canadian territory in order to appease American
> expansionists.
>
> In 1844, James Knox Polk campaigned for the presidency
> of the United States on the issue of possession of the Oregon
> territory and was at the same time fomenting a similar dispute
> with Mexico. He demanded that Great Britain forfeit all her claims
> on the Pacific coast as far north as Russian territory at 54 degrees,
> 40 minutes. In effect, he was attempting to encircle British territorial
> interests and place the United States in the strategic position
> to swallow the entirety of the continent. This immediate objective
> was eventually abandoned in the aftermath of the Mexican war,
> but Polk's sabre rattling did gain for the US all of the continent
> up to the 49th parallel.
>
> Though by this time there was little doubt who would
> win a war, in the short term at any rate, Polk's ambitions had
> been tempered by the unpopularity of his dispute with their southern
> neighbour and the enormous internal political difficulties attendant
> to the acquisition of so much new territory. These problems--the
> status of slavery in the new tract and repeated Southern attempts
> to expand it north into the Free States--would be the precursor
> to the American Civil War.
>
> The Civil War would provide Canada with invaluable
> breathing space in which to lay the groundwork for its own Confederation
> in 1867 and devise a solution for its massive loss of immigrants
> to the United States, due to the settlement of all arable farmland.3
>
> Invoking the providence of the Biblical God of the
> Israelites, the infant country drew upon the Old Testament and
> the eighth verse of King Solomon's 72d Psalm for its name: "And
> He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, And from the River
> unto the ends of the earth."
>
> Thus both nations, the Dominion of Canada and the
> United States of America--newly born in the mid-1860s--turned
> their gaze West and dreamt of ascendancy from sea to shining sea.
>
> Heedless of their neighbour's aspirations, the American
> Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, their respective
> Secretaries of State William H. Seward and Hamilton Fish, as well
> as countless other politicians and newspaper editors, habitually
> called for the outright annexation of Canada and British North
> America.
>
> On June 24, 1864, as the Civil War was drawing to
> its conclusion, the *New York Herald* editorialized that
> soon "… four hundred thousand thoroughly disciplined
> troops will ask no better occupation than to destroy the last
> vestiges of British rule on the American continent and annex Canada
> to the United States."
>
> During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln had
> paid little attention to expansionist elements like the Irish-American
> "Fenians" who, after he was assassinated and Andrew
> Johnson assumed the presidency, were freely allowed to launch
> guerrilla raids into Canada. Johnson was expressing his displeasure
> with Britain's wartime commerce with the secessionist states and
> lending a supporting arm to those who might formulate a policy
> of armed conflict, in the furtherance of Manifest Destiny. Professedly
> the Fenians only motivation was to hold captured Canadian territory
> until Britain abandoned its occupation of Ireland. But in the
> nation's highest circles it was rumoured that any territory gained
> from Canada, especially on the south bank of the St. Lawrence
> River, would be permanently attached to the rapidly expanding
> United States.4
>
> This sympathy had found earlier expression in a military
> standoff between the two in 1860 over the ownership of San Juan,
> an island in the straits of Juan de Fuca along the Pacific coast
> boundary. Twelve years later, in 1872, after the arbitration of
> Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and at the height of the Grant presidencies,
> the entire island chain was given to the Americans.
>
> As a result of this and other disputes, both countries
> were heavily engaged in espionage against each other and had been
> for years.5
>
> Canada was likewise having difficulties in dealing
> with the indigenous peoples of her Western frontier. For the most
> part, expansion had been achieved through the Hudson's Bay Company
> and its trading for furs with the various tribes throughout the
> forested north and mountain ranges of the far West.
>
> But its Great Plains, almost a thousand miles from
> east to west, were not as rich in valuable furs and the Indians
> who lived there tended to be very fierce indeed. This was the
> home and hunting grounds of the nomadic and war-like Lakota, Dakota
> and Nakota Sioux, Plains Cree, Assiniboine, Plains Ojibway, Blackfoot,
> Blood, Peigan and Sarcee, among others. Many white explorers and
> adventurers who penetrated deeply into this vast region did not
> live to relate their experiences.
>
> War had been an increasingly present fact of life
> amongst these Plains tribes for more than a century, and as the
> technology of white civilization came into their hands they used
> it against their hereditary enemies, pushing them violently aside
> and enlarging upon whatever territory they coveted.
>
> Up until the mid-1850s this was the last large unexplored
> tract left in North America. Then, from 1857 to 1859, Captain
> John Palliser led a Royal Geographical Society expedition that
> mapped the region and its Western mountain passes, finally giving
> the British Empire somewhat more than the tenuous claims of its
> 1818 and 1846 boundary treaties with the United States.6
>
> Nonetheless, American explorers and traders had also
> been trying to establish links with the Plains tribes north of
> the 49th parallel. Regarded with deep suspicion and greeted with
> a shoot-on-sight policy, they were bloodily repulsed by the Blackfoot,
> Blood, Peigan and Sarcee from the time of the Lewis and Clark
> expedition in the earliest 1800s. Deflected eastward but continuing
> to work out of Fort Union and other outposts on the upper Missouri,
> the American Fur Company began enticing delegations of Cree and
> Assiniboine from the Canadian Plains, east of the Cypress Hills,
> to Washington D.C. for displays of the United States' military
> power as early as 1831.7
>
> In 1853 and 1854 Isaac I. Stevens, the incipient
> governor of Washington Territory, led a congressionally mandated
> exploration party which reported directly to Secretary of War
> Jefferson Davis, (who was soon to be the first and only president
> of the Confederate States of America), mapping a route for the
> proposed Northern Pacific Railroad. For military and commercial
> purposes, the American government desired to build a railroad
> west across the Great Plains between the 49th and 47th parallels,
> adjacent to its border with British North America. Along the way,
> Stevens, an ardent expansionist and veteran of the Mexican War,
> dispatched delegations which deliberately crossed the international
> boundary at the Souris River, the Cypress Hills and the eastern
> slope of the Rocky Mountains, penetrating British territory deeply
> in search of the region's Plains Indians and Red River Métis
> hunters.8 They successfully drew various chieftains
> to Fort Benton, (then still a part of the huge Nebraska Territory),
> for "counseling sessions with [representatives of] the Great
> White Father"--Governor Stevens' political mentor and close
> personal friend, President Franklin Pierce.9
>
> Numerous other armed exploration, prospecting, trading
> and hunting expeditions swarmed over the border throughout the
> 1860s and early-1870s, introducing huge quantities of liquor and
> up to date weaponry to the region's tribes.10
>
> However, the Northwestern Plains remained almost
> exclusively Indian territory and was far too distant from the
> effective frontier of Canada or the United States to fall under
> either's direct influence. It continued on as a tantalizing prize,
> very much desired by both.
>
> Further east, the arrival of new settlers from Ontario
> at the Selkirk Colony and nearby Fort Garry, close to the confluence
> of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, throughout the early and middle
> decades of the century had caused a tremendous amount of friction
> between them and the mixed race *Métis* and Half-breed
> peoples. The Métis were the offspring of French fur traders
> and Indian women, while the Half-breeds held a British patrimonial
> lineage. Both groups were longtime residents of the frontier.
> At bitter issue were their hereditary and cultural pursuits, the
> apportioning of farmland and long-established trade patterns.
>
> Ideas that had been formulated in the East, without
> regard for the desires of the people of the West, led to armed
> conflict time and time again.
>
> Farmland next to precious water was resurveyed and
> expropriated by Ottawa. Free trade with neighbouring American
> settlements was imperiously and self-servingly curtailed by the
> Hudson's Bay Company. Also officially hampered were the traditional
> Métis buffalo hunts, while the wishes of the local Indian
> tribes were almost completely ignored.
>
> Understandably, neither the mixed-race nor Indian
> peoples of the West were anxious to be absorbed by a government
> so indifferent to their desires. Ultimately, not even the whites
> were being consulted by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald in
> Ottawa who planned to render the entire Great Plains a mere "colony"
> of central Canada by "swamping" it with new settlers--thereby
> silencing their complaints.11
>
> When a coalition of Métis, Half-breeds *and*
> whites formed a transitional government in 1869-70 and started
> to enforce its own laws under the leadership of a former divinity
> student named Louis Riel, (following the Hudson's Bay Company's
> sale of its territorial rights to Canada), Ottawa sent an army
> of 1,200 to smash them.
>
> When approached for the use of American rail transport,
> President Ulysses S. Grant refused Canada's request. Still smarting
> over the rejection of the United States' $10 million bid for the
> British Northwest, Grant had in November 1869 revealed his secret
> plans for the annexation of Canada to the members of his cabinet.
> The region north of the Great Lakes was amongst the most miserable
> in the world for the mass movement of troops or the construction
> of a railroad. Canada, Grant believed, was cut off from its West.
> With the purchase of Alaska from Russia only two years previously
> in 1867, the staunch resistance of most Nova Scotians and not
> a few New Brunswickers to union with Canada, and the recent arrival
> of a petition from British Columbian colonists urging a speedy
> American annexation, the continental goals of the United States
> became obvious and seemed assured.12
>
> On March 5, 1870, Washington D.C.'s *National Republican*
> (the capital's primary organ of the Republican party) threatened
> that "[should] any attempt … be made to bring the North-West
> colony into subjection by a resort to arms there can be but one
> opinion throughout the American Union, as to the duty of the United
> States Government in the matter, and that is to adopt the most
> decisive method to prevent an Indian war of extermination and
> protect the colony in the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine and under
> the claims of our common humanity against the oppression of a
> foreign power."13
>
> Indeed, a single bold military thrust into this region
> from Minnesota, (under governors Alexander Ramsey, Henry H. Sibley
> and William R. Marshall, *the* epicentre of annexationist
> passion), would have gained them the entire western portion of
> the continent. Towards this end the American consular delegation
> to the disputed British Northwest at Winnipeg was a den of secret
> agents and spies. Headed up by General Oscar Malmros and later
> James W. Taylor, they were in constant contact with the provisional
> government, offering it advice and support and at the same time
> urging Washington to provide Riel with financial aid. The consulate's
> ultimate objective remained unwaveringly the political absorption
> of the Northwest.
>
> Yet with the attainment of his goals so close at
> hand, President Ulysses S. Grant (plagued by the unruly Irish-American
> Fenians who had launched yet another of their invasions into Canada)
> had met his match with Prime Minister Macdonald in the Machiavellian
> world of cloak-and-dagger, and geopolitical skulduggery.
>
> Forced afoot, the Canadian troops were compelled
> to make their arduous journey through the rugged Shield country,
> north of the Great Lakes. In the interim, Macdonald (a longtime
> spymaster against both the Americans and Fenians) was learning
> quickly from his mistakes and hastening to exploit the weaknesses
> he had uncovered. Sensing that his American opponent was desirous
> of appearing to the outside world as honest and aboveboard, Macdonald
> entered into an unwritten agreement with Riel's provisional government
> that would give the Métis leader almost every concession
> he had demanded. Then, after Riel had rejected American aid, Macdonald
> pounced on his Métis rivals with the Canadian Army. Ostensibly
> arriving to protect the settlers from marauding Sioux Indians,
> they instead toppled Riel's provisional government, scattering
> the Métis in particular further west and sowing the seeds
> for future conflict.
>
> When the Fenians immediately offered to step into
> the breach, the bewildered Riel turned them down as well, and
> was at length driven by Macdonald into a prolonged American exile.14
>
> Incredibly, at this very time the Imperial government
> in London had decided that Canada, if push came to shove, was
> expendable! Faced with the possibility of a European war in the
> fallout of the 1870 Franco-Prussian conflict, the British, unhappy
> at the prospect of tangling with the Americans as well, withdrew
> all of their troops from North America.
>
> Canada--with a population of less than *four*
> million--would either gain and hold the majority of the North
> American continent through its own devices and fortitude, or succumb
> as a nation to the continental aspirations of the immensely more
> powerful United States of America.
>
> In his final analysis of this first Western fiasco,
> Macdonald concluded that the new Dominion of Canada would have
> to build that "impossible" transcontinental railroad
> in order to retain its paid for, but as yet unoccupied, Great
> Plains.
>
> In order to prevent this, staggeringly wealthy Republican
> party financier and Grant confidant Jay Cooke of the Northern
> Pacific Railroad, (as well as its other directors--state governors
> among them), stepped up their efforts to hasten its completion
> and moved behind the scenes to gain secret control of their rival,
> the upstart Canadian Pacific Railway.15 Cooke deduced
> that could he restrict access to the northern Great Plains solely
> to his Northern Pacific Railroad, the entire region would shortly
> fall into the American orbit. He had also, to no avail, tried
> to entice Riel's provisional government into union with the United
> States in 1870, and was known to associate with the Fenians. Using
> expatriate Canadians and the perfidious Montrealer Sir Hugh Allan,
> Cooke now attempted to purchase leverage over the Conservative
> government of Sir John A. Macdonald through clandestine campaign
> financing and thereby ensnare the Canadian Pacific's directorship.
>
>
> Thus while a joint American-Canadian surveying expedition
> was establishing the exact location of the international boundary
> across the Great Plains, (under the terms of 1871's Treaty of
> Washington and the protection of Major Marcus Reno's two companies
> of US Seventh Cavalry, in addition to a single company of Twentieth
> Infantry), the most potent American power brokers were labouring
> surreptitiously to erase it!
>
> After their intrigue was revealed by a disgruntled
> underling in 1873, Macdonald's government, seriously implicated,
> collapsed. The surrounding scandal forced a contraction of the
> London money markets, which, combined with other factors, led
> directly to the bankruptcy of the Northern Pacific conspirators.
> It also installed Alexander Mackenzie and his Liberals in office--ardently
> opposed to the Canadian Pacific's construction timetable, but
> equally as practised in the art of corruption. And for good measure,
> it plunged North America into the worst economic depression in
> its history.
>
> Work on Canada's Canadian Pacific and the United
> States' Northern Pacific railroads, the vanguards of their respective
> country's craving for the northern Great Plains, ground to an
> almost complete stop. In fact, the Canadian Pacific existed in
> name only. *Not a single mile of track had been laid!* The
> Northern Pacific, on the other hand, was poised for its final
> assault on the northern Plains Indians, having stretched forth
> to the east bank of the Missouri River at Bismarck, in the Dakota
> Territory. That very winter, in March 1873, brevet Major-General
> George Armstrong Custer and almost the entirety of his elite Seventh
> Cavalry were transferred to nearby Fort Abraham Lincoln.
>
> British Columbia, meanwhile, isolated on the west
> coast and lured into Confederation by the promise of a speedily
> completed transcontinental railroad, protested Canada's delays
> bitterly and was soon threatening to secede.
>
> The United States, having been stymied on the industrial-economic
> front, turned its attention once again to intrigue and covert
> political action. Sometime in 1874 the exiled Métis member
> of Parliament from Manitoba, Louis Riel--now a revolutionary--was
> ushered into his first known secret meeting with President Ulysses
> S. Grant.
>
> Despite its grandiose schemes, it was still all the
> United States could do to keep its hold on the Dakota, Wyoming
> and Montana territories in the face of ceaseless harassment from
> such feared Indian leaders as Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Rain-in-the-Face,
> Four Horns, Black Moon and Gall. The Sioux were the mightiest
> of all the Plains Indians, numbering thirty thousand among their
> many tribes in both Canada and the United States. Of these, the
> Tetons or Lakota, with their seven separate bands and allied Northern
> Cheyenne and Arapaho, amounting to twenty thousand on both reservations
> and unceded territory, were providing the main opposition to the
> US Army.
>
> The powerful Blackfoot Confederacy had already been
> almost entirely routed from their huge reservation in northwestern
> Montana Territory. For resisting American intrusions of their
> treaty lands they were bloodily terrorized across the border and
> into Canada by the US Army in January 1870.
>
> The Lakota's other perpetual enemies, the Plains
> Ojibway, Plains Cree and Assiniboine, (who had separated from
> the Yanktonais Sioux two and one half centuries earlier), were
> also spread out across their northern flank and now beginning
> to experience the negative aspects of the rapidly encroaching
> white civilization.
>
> Interspersed amongst these latter tribes were the
> Métis, angry with their treatment at the hands of the Canadian
> government and who, in previous decades, had formed treaties with
> the Sioux.
>
> Such were the circumstances that the North-West Mounted
> Police trekked into during the drought-stricken summer of 1874,
> and so began one of history's greatest epics.
>
> Formed as a paramilitary force in order not to excite
> American annexationist passions, but cavalry in reality, their
> assignment was to conclusively establish Canadian sovereignty
> north of the 49th parallel and negotiate the peaceful settlement
> of Canada's Western tribes on reservations. As these 275 men rode
> into the West from Fort Dufferin, Manitoba, newspapers across
> the continent predicted their lives would be violently cut short
> by the rampaging Indian tribes or outlaw desperadoes, gun-runners
> and whiskey traders who vastly outnumbered them and had already
> decimated hundreds upon hundreds of US cavalrymen, soldiers and
> settlers. Many deserted.
>
> The "Mounties," as they came to be called,
> built a number of forts at strategic sites throughout the North-West
> Territories and began their task by driving out and arresting
> the large criminal elements emanating from the United States.
>
>
> Not all of the Indians welcomed them with open arms,
> however. Many wanted no white men of any sort trespassing on their
> territory or arranging a life for them on reservations, and dangerous
> confrontations occurred on not a few occasions. Theirs remained
> a shaky hold at best. Only the Mounties' Herculean efforts at
> even-handed and fair dispensation of justice, and the ancient
> inter-tribal animosities, worked to their advantage.
>
> War was not uncommon between the Blackfoot Confederacy
> and Cree-Assiniboine Alliance. At one battle on the banks of the
> Belly River in 1870, only a few miles from where the NWMP would
> build Fort Macleod four years later, *over 300 warriors were
> slain!* The Blackfoot were victorious that day, due mainly
> to the repeating rifles they had obtained from American gun-runners.
>
> But at another battle between these two groups near
> the northeastern slopes of the Cypress Hills, a mere four years
> earlier in 1866, *the Cree annihilated more than 600 Blackfoot!*16
>
> These Plains tribes were formidable indeed, and the
> Mounted Police existed exclusively at their pleasure. Few settlers
> displayed the daring to make their way West.
>
> South of the border, justice had long since ceased
> to operate. There was no adequate equivalent to a federal police
> force at work, applying equal justice to whites and Indians. There
> was only an alliance of the Northern Pacific Railroad, Black Hills
> gold mining interests and the United States government itself--all
> determined to force the Indians onto mostly miserable reservations,
> take possession of their coveted lands and push the tracks through
> to the Pacific coast.
>
> Time and again the two would clash as the freedom
> loving and ferocious Indians of the northern Great Plains found
> themselves forced into an ill-defined and ever shrinking enclave
> of foothills, badlands and prairies, 500 miles wide and 600 miles
> deep, with their backs to the Rocky Mountains on both sides of
> the Canada-US border.
>
> Unrecognized as they have been, these *were*
> the factors that culminated in the deaths of George Armstrong
> Custer and 264 members of his Seventh United States Cavalry.
>
> And while this is by far the most written of episode
> in the history of the North American West--and probably North
> American history as a whole--there remains a much deeper level
> of secrecy and intrigue to this epic story that has *never*
> been correlated or deduced.
>
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Endnotes:
1 This is the subject of much uncertainty, to say the least. Just which outpost, town or city received the news of the Little Bighorn disaster first and on what date is largely unknown. According to Joseph Manzione's *"I Am Looking to the North For My Life": Sitting Bull 1876-1881* (Salt Lake City, UT, University of Utah Press, 1991) it arrived in the eastern United States on July 5, 1876. Robert Utley states on page 3 of his *Cavalier in Buckskins:* *George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier* (Norman, OK.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988) that it was published in Bismarck, Dakota Territory on July 6 and apparently reached that town very late on the night of the fifth. Many writers therefore feel that it was then sent out over Bismarck's telegraph wires on either July 5 or sixth.
However …
Evan S. Connell's *Son of the Morning Star* (New
York, NY: Harper Perennial, 1985) gives a plethora of different
dates on pages 323-25. It reached Fort Ellis, Montana Territory
on July 3 and probably nearby Bozeman the same day. It may have
reached the capital at Helena the next day, July 4. A woman from
Elizabeth Custer's hometown in Monroe, Michigan testified in 1938
that the news reached *there* on July 4. The Shoshone and
Crow scouts with General Crook's detachment camped on Goose Creek,
Wyoming Territory apparently knew of the outcome that very hour--on
June 25! Short of the supernatural, this last seems astonishing.
Corroborating the July 4 date is Dr. Paul A. Hutton's
in-depth military biography, *Phil Sheridan and His Army*
(Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1985).
On page 315 Dr. Hutton records that "On July
4, an Associated Press wire story originating in Salt Lake City
[Utah] claimed that … Custer and every man of five companies
of the Seventh [cavalry] were killed." Sherman and Sheridan
dismissed the story out of hand. (However, Sheridan telegraphed
Chicago asking for updates from the Terry-Custer column. As of
July 4 and fifth there were none.)
Regardless of these conflicting dates, historically
the event is *wholly* associated with the July 4, 1876, Centennial
celebrations and particularly so with Philadelphia, the United
States' original capital, where the president, Sherman, Sheridan
and everyone else of national prominence had gathered for the
National Exposition.
2 Utley, Robert M.,
*The Lance And The Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull*
(New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 1993), 84-89, 133-34, 162-63.
No one chief has ever held such a title or exercised such sway,
before *or* after Sitting Bull. This excellent biography
is highly recommended
3 So bad had this
loss of populace grown that throughout the 1860s two people left
Canada and entered the United States for every immigrant who arrived--and
this was at a time of Civil War in the US!
Lamb, William K., *History of the Canadian Pacific
Railway*, (New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1977),
5.
4 D'Arcy, William,
*The Fenian Movement in the U.S.: 1858-1886* (Washington,
DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1947), 84-85. Highly
placed Fenian Bernard Doran Killian, held conferences on several
occasions with both President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of
State William H. Seward in 1865. Killian assured his Irish brethren
that they had the administration's full support, when he returned
to their third Fenian Brotherhood convention in Philadelphia later
that year. These agreements were well known at the time and were
published in the Fenian newspaper *Irish People* on February
15, 1868, perhaps adding to President Johnson's political discomfort,
as he was being impeached at the time. A letter sent by Killian
to Seward, dated November 18, 1865, restates their understanding
and D'Arcy records that it is preserved in the archives of the
State Department in Washington, D.C.
The Fenian's are also credited with assassinating
Montreal Conservative M.P. Thomas D'Arcy McGee in Ottawa on April
7, 1868. McGee had been a fellow revolutionary as a young man
in Ireland, but chose not to support the Fenian's actions in the
New World, thus guaranteeing attempts on his life.
5 D'Arcy, *The Fenian
Movement in the U.S.* This rare work lists many examples of
British and Canadian espionage against the United States and the
Fenian movement, which was allowed to thrive there in the latter
half of the nineteenth century. There are also numerous instances
listed of American consular employees fulfilling the same purpose
in Canada.
Cole, J. A., *Prince of Spies, Henri Le Caron*
(London, England: Faber and Faber, 1984). Here is the account
of one of history's great espionage agents and adventurers, Henri
Le Caron (whose real name was Thomas Miller Beach). Required reading.
6 The Treaty of Ghent,
signed in 1818, officially brought to a close the War of 1812
and established the location of the international border as far
west as the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. On the Great
Plains the 49th parallel was agreed upon as the boundary. When
the Oregon Dispute was finally settled in 1846, the 49th parallel
was extended west over the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. But
treaties are, by long tradition, made to be broken and the United
States did not prove itself deficient in keeping faith with history's
most ancient traditions.
There also exists some evidence that the Palliser
Expedition was, in part, carrying out a mission for the newly
formed British Secret Service. Both Captain John Palliser and
the first head of the Secret Service, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas
Best Jervis, were contemporaneous members of the Royal Geographical
Society. This illustrious exploration body provided Palliser support
for his adventure in the wilds of the fabled North American West.
This was actually the second time that Palliser visited the West,
having travelled there on a big game hunting trip in the 1840s.
He also received funding from the Imperial government's Colonial
Office. Maps of these almost completely unexplored regions of
the British Empire were the Secret Service's most coveted prizes,
and this was Palliser's primary objective. In fact, at this time--the
mid and late-1850s--the British Secret Service was known as the
"Topographical and Statistical Department" (widely acknowledged
as its first "modern" incarnation) and maps were its
fundamental reason for existence. Their worth can be measured
by the fact that Palliser's maps served as the primary geographical
documentation used by the North-West Mounted Police when they
set forth to occupy the North-West Territories for Canada in the
summer of 1874. Like his American contemporary, Washington governor
Isaac I. Stevens, Captain John Palliser was also carrying out
some early analyses of the most sensible route for a transcontinental
railroad. His considered opinion would have delighted his Yankee
counterparts, as he was convinced that it had to run south of
the Great Lakes.
Here, combined with the contemporary American continental
manoeuvrings, lies the stuff for some great but yet to be written
historical novels.
Andrew, Christopher, *Secret Service: The Making
of the British Intelligence Community* (Kent, England: Hodder
and Stoughton Ltd., 1987), 30-33.
7 Lavender, David,*Let Me Be Free: The Nez Percé Tragedy* (New York, NY:
Harper Collins, 1992), 68-69. Read also Alvin Gluek's *Minnesota
and the Manifest Destiny of the Canadian Northwest* (University
of Toronto Press, 1965), chapter two "The American Approach,"
particularly pages 26-40.
This was during the first administration of "Old
Hickory," President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, famed as an
annexationist, had volunteered to lead an American army of conquest
against Quebec in the War of 1812.
The chief partner of the American Fur Company on
the upper Missouri River at this time was Kenneth McKenzie, who
had been born a British subject and was a former employee of the
Hudson's Bay Company. Having left the HBC's employ under less
than amicable terms in 1821, (after a short period of service
at probably their farthest western Prairie outpost, on the Souris
River), McKenzie and several others formed the short-lived but
profitable Columbia Fur Company. Their success in the almost entirely
unexplored (and unexploited) Mandan Indian territory attracted
the attention of John Jacob Astor, who owned the much larger and
rival American Fur Company. In 1827 Astor absorbed his annoying
competitors for $20,000 but retained the outposts and services
of the energetic and experienced McKenzie, as well as his partners.
The American Fur Company and Hudson's Bay Company had been at
daggers drawn over their respective country's western territorial
ambitions almost from day one, especially in the hotly contested
Oregon Territory. It was the Oregon Territory that became the
foremost centre of dispute between the United States and Great
Britain, through their mercantile surrogates the AFC and HBC,
for the next twenty years.
Nicknamed the "King of the Upper Missouri,"
McKenzie's Fort Union (originally Fort Floyd) became the focal
point of the AFC's attempts to usurp the HBC's control of the
northern Plains fur trade. (McKenzie opened another fur-trading
post much further west at the confluence of the Marias and Missouri
rivers, which he modestly named Fort McKenzie, aimed at usurping
HBC trade with the Blackfoot Confederacy. Lamentably, in 1837
a riverboat landed there carrying smallpox, which decimated the
local Blood and Peigan bands--six thousand tribesmen perished.)
There can be no doubt that it was the formerly British Kenneth
McKenzie who beguiled the Canadian Plains Cree into their Washington,
D.C. journey in 1831.
To this day, the only Cree who live in the United
States, (on the Rocky Boy reservation in northern Montana, gained
for them by the famous Western painter Charlie Russel), are the
refugees of the Big Bear band that fled there following the failure
of Louis Riel's 1885 Provisional Government of the Saskatchewan.
The Cree have *never* been considered "American"
Indians, even though the United States did manage to coax them
into signing the 1855 Judith River Treaty.
8 Wheeler, Keith,
*The Old West: The Railroaders* (Alexandria, VA.: Time-Life
Books Inc., 1973), 30-33.
Irwin, Leonard B., *Pacific Railways and Nationalism
in the Canadian-American Northwest, 1845-1873* (New York, NY:
Greenwood Press, Publishers, 1968), 18.
Anderson, Frank W., *Fort Walsh and the Cypress
Hills* (Saskatoon, SK.: Gopher Books, 1989), 23.
9 Whitney, David C.
and Robin Vaughn, *The American Presidents-Seventh edition*
(New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 1990), 111-18. Franklin Pierce,
whose term in office ran from 1853 to 1857, grew notorious in
the United States as the last president who wanted to expand slavery
into the Northern States. He was also an impassioned disciple
of the Manifest Destiny doctrine who fought in the Mexican War
of 1846. In fact, Pierce's Inaugural Speech made clear that he
would stop at nothing to obtain "certain possessions not
within our jurisdiction." (Throughout this period of history
it was the Northwest, *not* Mexico, which was by far the
primary object of American desires. Irwin, *Pacific Railroads
and Nationalism,* page 9). Governor Stevens of Washington was
a man after his friend the president's own heart. (Stevens was
also a personal friend of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.) But
because of lingering tensions from the Mexican War and attendant
regional jealousies, Pierce was forced to expend the lion's share
of his efforts on the acquisition of territories in northern Mexico.
His protégé Isaac Stevens' domain, the much less
populated Pacific Northwest and northern Plains, was nevertheless
much encouraged by Pierce's attempts to provide public land grants
to the railroad consortiums that would open their region of the
North American continent to massive immigration, for the heavily
documented purpose of extending the United States' border northward.
Fittingly, when former President "Handsome Frank"
Pierce died in 1869 he was widely regarded as a traitor because
of his ceaseless opposition to the Civil War and the freeing of
the slaves. To this day Pierce is generally viewed as a dangerous
demagogue, almost entirely out of step with his times.
Washington governor Isaac Stevens was eventually
killed while serving on the Union side in the Civil War.
10 Hildebrandt, Walter,
and Hubner, Brian, *The Cypress Hills: The Land and Its People*
(Saskatoon, SK: Purich Publishing, 1994), 35-52. A fascinating
and valuable addition to our understanding of this beautiful,
almost completely overlooked, yet extremely significant region
of the northern Great Plains.
11 Sprague, D. (Douglas)
N., *Canada and the Métis, 1869-1885* (Waterloo, ON:
Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1988). Read all of chapter two
"Acquiring Canada's First Colony," especially pages
24 through 30.
Prime Minister Macdonald frankly admitted this tactic
in a letter to an Ontario member of Parliament named J. Y. Brown,
dated October 14, 1869. In it he wrote:
"In another year the present residents [of Manitoba]
will be altogether swamped by the influx of strangers [Ontarians]
who will go in with the idea of becoming industrious & peaceable
settlers."
On February 9, 1871, Macdonald confessed the "colonial"
intentions of his government and the moneyed, imperialistic interests
he represented in another letter to Brown, who had been complaining
about the political actions of Manitoba Lieutenant-Governor Adams
G. Archibald.
*"If the original intentions of keeping it*
[Manitoba and, ultimately, the yet future provinces of Saskatchewan
and Alberta] *a Crown Colony, to be governed by instructions
from Ottawa,* had been carried out, we would of course have
been responsible for his [Archibald's] actions …" [italics
added]
Macdonald's colonial plans did not, however, meet
with universal acceptance from the other men who helped form the
Canadian Confederation. Liberal leaders Edward Blake and Donald
Mills, in particular, displayed much more democratic leanings
than the dictatorial Macdonald and his Conservatives, recommending
that the North-West Territories not be subjected to colonial status
but be brought into the nation commanding "the same rights
of local self-government, free from federal control, as is enjoyed
by the provinces of this Dominion." A number of other politicians
from Quebec and the Maritimes agreed, to no avail.
12 It is intriguing
to note that a motion tabled in Congress on December 9, 1867,
by Minnesota Republican Senator Alexander Ramsey offered the Hudson's
Bay Company $46,000,000 for the northwest!
13 Stanley, George
F. G., *The Birth of Western Canada* (Toronto, ON:University
of Toronto Press, 1975), 126.
14 Riel had created
an almost inextricable political difficulty for himself by executing
an Ontario Protestant named Thomas Scott, a trouble-making bigot
who had publicly vowed to assassinate the Métis leader.
Had he simply left Scott to cool his heels in his prison cell
until all the difficulties with Ottawa had been ironed out, things
*might* have been resolved very differently. But the Ontario
Liberal party used the issue in a mercenary political fashion
to add a religious flavour to the demands of Riel's provisional
government, and Prime Minister Macdonald (not one to let an opportunity
slip by) moved immediately to impose a military solution on the
situation suitable to the majority of his Eastern electorate.
Riel was forced to either voluntarily submit to a term of exile
from Canada or be charged with murder. Riel chose the exile, and
was heavily induced in that direction by a bribe paid to him by
Macdonald and the Hudson's Bay Company director Donald A. Smith.
15 Berton, Pierre,
*The National Dream: The Great Railway 1871-1881* (Toronto,
ON: McClelland and Stewart Ltd., 1970). Mr. Berton, Canada's most
perennially popular historian, covers this Jay Cooke annexation
scheme in some detail. The volumes Mr. Berton has produced on
the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway should be on *every*
Western historian's list of required reading, as they reveal a
tremendous amount of what can only properly be described as*North American* Western frontier history.
16 As far as the writer
of this work has been able to ascertain there were never any all-Indian
battles of such horrifying magnitude, in terms of combatants or
losses, on the Plains of the United States. The eminent American
historian Robert M. Utley has stated that the Battle of the Little
Bighorn leads the list of western American battles, in regard
to numbers killed. (Original reports from the unprovoked 1864
massacre of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado by Colonel
John M. Chivington's gaggle of frontier army regulars and volunteers
set the number of Cheyenne slain at 500. The total has since been
reliably revised downward to a still miserable 123.) The Red Ochre
Hills Massacre of March 1866 between the Plains Cree and Blackfoot,
with its reported 600 slain, makes both the Battle of the Little
Bighorn and Sand Creek pale in comparison. This number is taken
from Frank W. Anderson's *Fort Walsh and the Cypress Hills.*
Walter Hildebrandt's and Brian Hubner's *The Cypress Hills:
The Land and Its People*, however, states that this battle
resulted in about 300 dead. Neither work cites any reference,
though the accounts are taken from Isaac Cowie's *The Company
of Adventurers* (Toronto, ON: William Briggs, 1913), pages
313-15. Little investigation of this conflict has been carried
out. The Red Ochre Hills are southwest of present-day Swift Current,
Saskatchewan.
Another Canadian Plains Indian battle also easily
compares with the Battle of the Little Bighorn: 1870's battle
on the banks of the Belly River, near present-day Lethbridge,
Alberta, where it is estimated that over 300 Cree, Ojibway, Assiniboine,
Peigan and Blood were slain.
In addition, Custer's and Sitting Bull's fight on
the Little Bighorn is completely eclipsed by the slaughter of
approximately 420 Blackfoot by the Cree, just south of Fort Edmonton
in 1824.
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[Chapter Two](http://www.dickshovel.com/two2.html)
---
---
---
This site is maintained by [JS Dill](mailto:[email protected]).
[Please provide an opinion as to this site...](http://www.dickshovel.com/com.html)
| http://www.dickshovel.com/two.html |
<title>#RememberWebsites</title>
<img src="http://tttthis.com/images/rememberwebsites.png">
<div style="max-width:600px;">
<p>Does anyone remember websites? These might be unfamiliar to anyone unexposed to the internet before 2005 or so, and may be all-but-forgotten for many others, obscured by the last 10 years of relentless internet development, but before mass social media platforms and amazing business opportunities on the internet, it was largely a collection of websites made by people who were interested in some subject enough to write about it and put it online. Does anyone remember when you stumbled on a new website written by some guy and read his first article, then clicked back to his homepage and saw he had a list of similar articles that looked like they'd be just as interesting. You could spend a whole day reading just the stuff he wrote on that one website. In general, if you found a webpage with something on it you liked, or a writer you liked, you found that everything else he had on there was also interesting to you, and you could generally say you liked the person behind it. Some bigger websites at the time were like mazes with some of the words on each page hyperlinked to other pages on the site that were about each of those separate topics, and you had to open up multiple links from each page otherwise you'd lose them, and you wanted to read every word.</p>
<p>Another thing was that there was no dross, because everything had to be written and uploaded by a person. There was no standard format, since there were no real platforms that uniformly stylized anything. There was no sharing or commenting, although later that day you could talk to your friends about the amazing things you read. Most websites were written with html, so they were all unique. They were organic, as everything there had been added because the writer "had to add it" in order to complete the information he had to put out there, and it took a lot of time to make the material and the html page itself, and organize it all so that it worked properly for any guests (in a pretty true sense of the word). And usually the information there was available nowhere else. There were few pictures, mostly words, and almost all of it from the person who created the website himself.</p>
<p>Does anyone remember websites? It seems many or most of them have disappeared, since the WayBack machine only started saving sites for posterity in the mid-2000s and before that time, before platforms, websites were hosted by providers who rented space out to people, and after they stopped paying for them (the cost per month was around the equivalent of 2 or 3 hours of minimum wage, I think, through the same company that provided your home phone line and internet connection - sometimes you got some free hosting as part of your internet plan). Lately I've gone looking for them, and haven't found any trace.</p>
<br><br>
</div>
<hr>
<p>This article can be discussed on <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/TTTThis/comments/72ukag/rememberwebsites/">r/TTTThis</a>.</p>
|
#RememberWebsites
Does anyone remember websites? These might be unfamiliar to anyone unexposed to the internet before 2005 or so, and may be all-but-forgotten for many others, obscured by the last 10 years of relentless internet development, but before mass social media platforms and amazing business opportunities on the internet, it was largely a collection of websites made by people who were interested in some subject enough to write about it and put it online. Does anyone remember when you stumbled on a new website written by some guy and read his first article, then clicked back to his homepage and saw he had a list of similar articles that looked like they'd be just as interesting. You could spend a whole day reading just the stuff he wrote on that one website. In general, if you found a webpage with something on it you liked, or a writer you liked, you found that everything else he had on there was also interesting to you, and you could generally say you liked the person behind it. Some bigger websites at the time were like mazes with some of the words on each page hyperlinked to other pages on the site that were about each of those separate topics, and you had to open up multiple links from each page otherwise you'd lose them, and you wanted to read every word.
Another thing was that there was no dross, because everything had to be written and uploaded by a person. There was no standard format, since there were no real platforms that uniformly stylized anything. There was no sharing or commenting, although later that day you could talk to your friends about the amazing things you read. Most websites were written with html, so they were all unique. They were organic, as everything there had been added because the writer "had to add it" in order to complete the information he had to put out there, and it took a lot of time to make the material and the html page itself, and organize it all so that it worked properly for any guests (in a pretty true sense of the word). And usually the information there was available nowhere else. There were few pictures, mostly words, and almost all of it from the person who created the website himself.
Does anyone remember websites? It seems many or most of them have disappeared, since the WayBack machine only started saving sites for posterity in the mid-2000s and before that time, before platforms, websites were hosted by providers who rented space out to people, and after they stopped paying for them (the cost per month was around the equivalent of 2 or 3 hours of minimum wage, I think, through the same company that provided your home phone line and internet connection - sometimes you got some free hosting as part of your internet plan). Lately I've gone looking for them, and haven't found any trace.
---
This article can be discussed on [r/TTTThis](https://www.reddit.com/r/TTTThis/comments/72ukag/rememberwebsites/).
| http://tttthis.com/rememberwebsites.php/ |
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<b>Palm Stuff @ Elf.Org</b>
<p>
The Palm Pilot made me rethink everything I had learned
about computers. Why would anyone want a bigger computer
if a palm top could do the job?
<p>
<a href="../doodle/index.html">Doodle</a> is a simple paint program
for the Pilot with multiple pens, inks, and pages. Doodle
works differently than most paint programs, and has many
<a href="../doodle/fan-mail.html">fans</a> around the world.
<p>
<a href="develop.html">Development resources</a> started by
explaining where I found the tools to make Doodle. Then
Blake Winton was kind enough to provide an explanation of
how to make them work. This document is somewhat dated,
but people continue to use it, send in corrections, and
ask for help.
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Palm Stuff @ Elf.Org
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |
[Doodle](../doodle/index.html)
[Development resources](develop.html) | |
**Palm Stuff @ Elf.Org**
The Palm Pilot made me rethink everything I had learned
about computers. Why would anyone want a bigger computer
if a palm top could do the job?
[Doodle](../doodle/index.html) is a simple paint program
for the Pilot with multiple pens, inks, and pages. Doodle
works differently than most paint programs, and has many
[fans](../doodle/fan-mail.html) around the world.
[Development resources](develop.html) started by
explaining where I found the tools to make Doodle. Then
Blake Winton was kind enough to provide an explanation of
how to make them work. This document is somewhat dated,
but people continue to use it, send in corrections, and
ask for help.
|
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | |
[Roger E Critchlow Jr](mailto:[email protected])
Last modified: Fri May 16 19:46:52 MDT 2003
[elf.org](http://www.elf.org)
|
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<h2> Have you ever wanted to become a gnome? Well now you can!
This is not an ordinary web page; it has been designed with new
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Just follow the instructions below...</h2>
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<h1> Choose the gnome you want to become:</h1></p>
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<AREA SHAPE="rect" ALT="" COORDS="487,1,594,245" HREF="#" onClick="ConfirmJeffery(); return false;">
<AREA SHAPE="rect" ALT="" COORDS="358,6,486,139" HREF="#"onclick="ConfirmPhil(); return false;">
<AREA SHAPE="rect" ALT="" COORDS="244,17,354,220" HREF="#"onclick="ConfirmClide(); return false;">
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<p><img src="https://cdn.becomeagnome.com/Images/line.gif"> </img></P>
<h1> Or Click here to become a random gnome:</h1>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Wolfshead Squadron's StarWars Homepage</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="keywords" content="Star Wars, Lucas Arts, X-Wing, TIE Fighter, Fan Fiction, Science Fiction, Games, Space Combat">
<meta name="description" content="Wolfshead Squadron is an online fan-club dedicated to StarWars and the Lucas Arts space combat games like X-Wing, TieFighter and X-Wing vs. TieFighter. Our activities center around gaming help, fan fiction, the movies and a lot more. We're always looking forward to meet people who share our are of interest and members from all around the world have joined our organization so far. You can be part of it too!">
<meta name="rating" content="General">
<meta name="VW96.objecttype" content="Homepage">
<meta name="ROBOTS" content="ALL">
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Wolfshead Squadron's StarWars Homepage">
<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Wolfshead Squadron">
<meta name="DC.Subject" content="Star Wars, Lucas Arts, X-Wing, TIE Fighter, X-Wing vs. TieFighter, Fan Fiction, Science Fiction, Games, Space Combat">
<meta name="DC.Description" content="Wolfshead Squadron is an online fan-club dedicated to StarWars and the Lucas Arts space combat games like X-Wing, TieFighter and X-Wing vs. TieFighter. Our activities center around gaming help, fan fiction, the movies and a lot more. We're always looking forward to meet people who share our are of interest and members from all around the world have joined our organization so far. You can be part of it too!">
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Michael Stauber">
<meta name="DC.Contributors" content="All members of Wolfshead Squadron">
<meta name="DC.Language" content="EN">
<meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE">
<link rev="made" href="mailto:[email protected]">
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<table width="750" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img src="images/wbanner_tinted_org.jpg" width="750" height="141"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="195" background="images/fighters.jpg" valign="top">
<p> <b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><br>
</font></b></p>
<table width="160" border="0" align="center">
<tr>
<td background="images/bg_content.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Main
Menu:</b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="000055">
<!-- Menu start -->
<p><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'Back to the first page of our website.', CAPTION, 'Startpage:',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
onMouseOut="nd();">Startpage</a><br>
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="whatsnew/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'Find out what\'s new on this webpage and see which our latest changes and additions were.', CAPTION, 'What\'s new?',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
onMouseOut="nd();">What's new?</a><br>
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="ready/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'Information about the individual groups within Wolfshead Squadron, about our Organization and our Personnel', CAPTION, 'Ready Room:',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
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<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="cic/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'More information about Wolfshead Squadron, about our history and with information about how to join us.', CAPTION, 'Combat Information Center:',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
onMouseOut="nd();">CIC</a><br>
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="theater/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'Point of View Theater with our most recent and featured StarWars FanFiction stories.', CAPTION, 'StarWars FanFiction Theater:',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
onMouseOut="nd();">POV Theater</a><br>
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="reading/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
'Our complete StarWars FanFiction library with many fine stories written by our members.', CAPTION, 'Reading Room:',HEIGHT, 40,RIGHT, BELOW, SNAPX, 0, SNAPY, 0)"
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<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
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<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
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<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
<a href="armoury/index.html" onMouseOver="return overlib(
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onMouseOut="nd();">Armoury</a><br>
<img src="images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="8">•
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<!-- Menu end -->
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<td width="15"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="1"></td>
<td valign="top" width="540"><!-- #Body -->
<p> </p>
<table width="450" border="0" align="center">
<tr background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" colspan="2">
<div align="center"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><big><strong class="mytext">Welcome
aboard the Wolf's Lair!</strong></big></font></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr background="images/bg_content.gif">
<td background="images/bg_content.gif" colspan="2">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Wolfshead
Squadron's Home Page</b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr background="images/pix_dblue.gif">
<td colspan="2" background="images/pix_dblue.gif">
<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Welcome to <b>Wolfshead
Squadron's </b>home page. We are an unofficial StarWars fan group
devoted to </font><font onMouseOver="this.style.color='Gold'" onMouseOut="this.style.color='#CFB53B'" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.lucasarts.com"><b>Lucas
Arts</b></a></font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">
games</font> like <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><i>X-Wing</i></b>,
<strong>Tie Fighter</strong>, <strong>X-Wing vs. TieFighter </strong>and
<strong>X-Wing Alliance</strong>.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Our main activity
aside from playing the games it to write StarWars fan fiction, to create
custom missions and to enjoy the company of those who share our hobby
and obsessions.</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table width="450" border="0" align="center">
<tr background="images/bg_content.gif">
<td background="images/bg_content.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Contents
available in other languages</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr background="images/pix_dblue.gif">
<td background="images/pix_dblue.gif">
<p align="center"><a href="../www.wolfslair.org/~ibero/zonaIberya/index.htm"><img border="0" src="images/espanol.gif" width="79" height="22"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table width="450" border="0" align="center">
<tr background="../images/bg_title_a.gif">
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" colspan="2">
<div align="center"><b><font size="4" face="Arial">
United We Stand....
</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr background="../images/bg_content.gif">
<td background="images/bg_content.gif" colspan="2">
<p align="center"><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><i>
Now available in the <a href="databanks/index.html#missions">Databanks!</a>
</i></font> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="450" border="0" align="center">
<tr background="../images/gitback.jpg">
<td background="images/gitback.jpg" colspan="2"><OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
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<p> </p>
<br>
<table width="500" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tr>
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" width="240">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="whatsnew/index.html">What's
new?</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="20" height="8"></font></td>
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" width="240">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="ready/index.html">Ready
Room</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Find
out what's new on this webpage and see which our latest changes and additions
were.</font></td>
<td width="21"> </td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Information
about the individual groups within Wolfshead Squadron, about our Organization
and our Personnel</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240"> </td>
<td width="21">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="40"></font></div>
</td>
<td width="240"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" width="240">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="cic/index.html">Combat
Information Center</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"> </td>
<td height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif" width="240">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="theater/index.html">POV-Theater</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">More
information about Wolfshead Squadron, about our history and with information
about how to join us.</font></td>
<td width="21"> </td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Point
of View Theater with our most recent and featured StarWars FanFiction stories.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240"> </td>
<td width="21">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="40"></font></div>
</td>
<td width="240"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="reading/index.html">Reading
Room</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"> </td>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="bombshelter/index.html">Bombshelter</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Our
complete StarWars FanFiction library with many fine stories written by our
members.</font></td>
<td width="21"> </td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">A
place to relax, to have a drink and to exchange stories between combat.
Follow this link to reach the message boards.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240"> </td>
<td width="21">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="40"></font></div>
</td>
<td width="240"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="databanks/index.html">Databanks</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"> </td>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="armoury/index.html">Armoury</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Access
our Databanks, which are filled with custom missions, tools and imagery
for download.</font></td>
<td width="21"> </td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">One
of the noisier areas aboard. The Armoury serves as storage and shooting
range for the more exotic weaponry of ours.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240"> </td>
<td width="21">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="40"></font></div>
</td>
<td width="240"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="history/index.html">Webpage
History</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"> </td>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="search/index.html">Site
Search</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This
is where we keep older versions of our webpage. Interested? You're welcome
to take a look.</font></td>
<td width="21"> </td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Looking
for something special? Then you're welcome to use our search engine to locate
it.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240"> </td>
<td width="21">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="5" height="40"></font></div>
</td>
<td width="240"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="hangar/index.html">Hangar
Bay</a></b></font></div>
</td>
<td width="21" height="45"> </td>
<td width="240" height="45" background="images/bg_title_a.gif">
<div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><a href="http://povsearch.wolfslair.org">POV-Search
Engine</a></b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Take
a shuttle to other interesting StarWars related destinations and to other
squadrons that we're associated with.</font></td>
<td width="21"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><img src="images/shim.gif" width="20" height="8"></font></td>
<td width="240" background="images/bg_content.gif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">This
search engine has links to many interesting stories which have been written
by members of other squadrons.</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<center>
<div align="center">
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td width="180">
<h5 align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FFFFFF" size="2"><strong>Number
of visits since<br>
29th December 1996<br>[Unknown]</strong></font></h5>
<p align="center"><font face="Arial" color="#FFFFFF"><strong></strong>
</font>
</td>
<td width="125">
<p align="center"><font size="1" face="Verdana"><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Hosted
by:</font><br>
</b></font><a href="http://www.solarspeed.net" target="_blank">www.solarspeed.net</a>
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"Luminous beings we are, not this crude matter" -- Yoda
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and disclaimer</a> © 1995-2005, <a href="mailto:[email protected]?Subject=Feedback:%20Wolfshead%20Squadron%20Website" onMouseOver="return overlib('Click here to send an Email to the Webmaster of Wolfshead Squadron.', CAPTION, 'Email the Webmaster:',HEIGHT, 70,LEFT, ABOVE)" onMouseOut="nd();">Wolfshead
Squadron</a>. <br>
Please read our <a href="copyright/policy.html"onMouseOver="return overlib('We have created this privacy statement in order to demonstrate our firm commitment to privacy. Click here to read more about it.', CAPTION, 'Privacy Policy:',HEIGHT, 120,LEFT, ABOVE)" onMouseOut="nd();">Privacy
Policy</a>.<br>
Last update of this page: 26/06/2010 - 18:33
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Wolfshead Squadron's StarWars Homepage
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| |
| --- |
| |
|
| |
| --- |
| **Main
Menu:** |
|
**•
[Startpage](index.html)
•
[What's new?](whatsnew/index.html)
•
[Ready Room](ready/index.html)
•
[CIC](cic/index.html)
•
[POV Theater](theater/index.html)
•
[Reading Room](reading/index.html)
•
[Bombshelter](bombshelter/index.html)
•
[Databanks](databanks/index.html)
•
[Armoury](armoury/index.html)
•
[Page History](history/index.html)
• [Hangar Bay](hangar/index.html)
•
[POV-Search](http://povsearch.wolfslair.org/)[Engine](http://povsearch.wolfslair.org/)
• [Alliance](http://desktops.wolfslair.org/)[Desktops](http://desktops.wolfslair.org/)**
|
| |
| |
| --- |
| ****Welcome
aboard the Wolf's Lair!**** |
| **Wolfshead
Squadron's Home Page** |
| Welcome to **Wolfshead
Squadron's** home page. We are an unofficial StarWars fan group
devoted to [**Lucas
Arts**](http://www.lucasarts.com)
games like ***X-Wing***,
**Tie Fighter**, **X-Wing vs. TieFighter** and
**X-Wing Alliance**.
Our main activity
aside from playing the games it to write StarWars fan fiction, to create
custom missions and to enjoy the company of those who share our hobby
and obsessions. |
| |
| --- |
| Contents
available in other languages |
|
|
| |
| --- |
| **United We Stand....** |
| *Now available in the [Databanks!](databanks/index.html#missions)* |
| |
| --- |
|
|
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **[What's
new?](whatsnew/index.html)** | | **[Ready
Room](ready/index.html)** |
| Find
out what's new on this webpage and see which our latest changes and additions
were. | | Information
about the individual groups within Wolfshead Squadron, about our Organization
and our Personnel |
| | | |
| **[Combat
Information Center](cic/index.html)** | | **[POV-Theater](theater/index.html)** |
| More
information about Wolfshead Squadron, about our history and with information
about how to join us. | | Point
of View Theater with our most recent and featured StarWars FanFiction stories. |
| | | |
| **[Reading
Room](reading/index.html)** | | **[Bombshelter](bombshelter/index.html)** |
| Our
complete StarWars FanFiction library with many fine stories written by our
members. | | A
place to relax, to have a drink and to exchange stories between combat.
Follow this link to reach the message boards. |
| | | |
| **[Databanks](databanks/index.html)** | | **[Armoury](armoury/index.html)** |
| Access
our Databanks, which are filled with custom missions, tools and imagery
for download. | | One
of the noisier areas aboard. The Armoury serves as storage and shooting
range for the more exotic weaponry of ours. |
| | | |
| **[Webpage
History](history/index.html)** | | **[Site
Search](search/index.html)** |
| This
is where we keep older versions of our webpage. Interested? You're welcome
to take a look. | | Looking
for something special? Then you're welcome to use our search engine to locate
it. |
| | | |
| **[Hangar
Bay](hangar/index.html)** | | **[POV-Search
Engine](http://povsearch.wolfslair.org)** |
| Take
a shuttle to other interesting StarWars related destinations and to other
squadrons that we're associated with. | | This
search engine has links to many interesting stories which have been written
by members of other squadrons. |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Number
of visits since
29th December 1996[Unknown]**
| **Hosted
by:**[www.solarspeed.net](http://www.solarspeed.net)
|
|
|
| |
| --- |
| ******Random Quote:****** |
|
"Luminous beings we are, not this crude matter" -- Yoda
|
| | [Copyright
and disclaimer](copyright/index.html) © 1995-2005, [Wolfshead
Squadron](mailto:[email protected]?Subject=Feedback:%20Wolfshead%20Squadron%20Website).
Please read our [Privacy
Policy](copyright/policy.html).
Last update of this page: 26/06/2010 - 18:33
|
| http://www.wolfslair.org/ |
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Starting</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BACKGROUND="images/cloud1.gif">
<CENTER><IMG SRC="images/logo2.jpg"></CENTER><HR WIDTH=80%>
<P>
<STRONG>Getting started.</STRONG><BR>
You dont need much to start building kites. Im building kites for over 35 years now, and the equipment I use is roughly the same as when I started. Some basics:
<P>
<STRONG>Cutting panels: </STRONG><BR>
Always hot-cut your ripstop. Its easier and stronger.
Youll need a surface to cut on: cardboard will do nicely. the only thing youll have to watch is that its covered with white paper (overhere its called Duplex ) the reason for this is that the paper layer contains chalk, which deminishes the sticking of the ripstop to the cardboard when hot cutting. A thickness of 3 mm is ideal.<BR>
<BR>
<IMG SRC="images/soltipkl.jpg" WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=255 ALIGN=right HSPACE=10>
<STRONG>Iron: </STRONG><BR>
I use a (Weller) soldering gun for cutting. They are not to expensive and tips are easily replacable.
I always make my own tips: easy to do and you get the perfect shape.<BR>
I make them from copper wire : bend it as shown in the picture and flatten the tip.
Every now and then give it a knifes edge with a small file. It cuts cleanly, fast and precise. <BR>
Be sure to get at least a 20 % model: it means it can be working for 20% of the time without overheating.
<BR><BR>
<STRONG>Templates: </STRONG><BR>
Also cardboard: 2 - 3 mm thickness. When using the flattened tip you dont have to worry about burning up the sides. You wont. If you need to draw the seam allowance on the ripstop there is no need to make two templates: just cut out the template without the allowance and when cutting place the tip of the cutting tool in the center of a thick metal washer and let it slide along side the template. It takes some experimenting to find the right size washer, but if you want a line to sew on and a perfect seam allowance it's worth the trouble.
<P>
<STRONG>Rulers:</STRONG><BR>
The cheapest and best rulers are the simple alu strips they sell in DIY shops. If you have to cut longer than 1 m look for a ruler thats used for cutting carpet: thin steel, about 5 cm wide.
<P>
<STRONG>Sewing:</STRONG><BR>
The sewing machine is the probably the most discussed item. My advice: never buy one of those new electronic fancy stitch machines. They dont have the quality of the oldies, and youll end up paying for stiches you dont need. Straight and zig-zag is all you really need allthough a 3-times over (two steps forward one step back) elastic stitch is real handy for parts that endure a lot of strain.
If the word goes round in the family that you want to take up sewing there is a big chance there is someone who has some machine sitting in the attic that you can have for free.
<P>
If you do have to buy take some ripstop with you when you shop for a machine and try sewing two layers. The most important things you have to watch:<BR>
- make sure the layers stay where they are: some machines stretch the upper layer. Easily detectable if you stich two equally long stripes together; when finished the ends must meet exactly.<BR>
- make sure the ripstop is held down enough so that it does not slip when working.<BR>
- related to that: ensure the stitches are equally long.<BR>
- see if it will do one stich at a time.<BR>
- if you have the choice, pick the machine that has the longest arm.<BR>
- see if the settings are correct: sew with a different color for under and upper thread and watch if the knot is in the fabric and see if the stitches are tight without crumbling up the fabric.<BR>
Last but not least: only buy it if you have the feeling that it defenately is: YOUR MACHINE
Remember: you can be very critical: there are a LOT of second hand machines on the market that have been rarely used and in very good condition.
<P>
For what its worth: the best machines in my opinion are made by Pfaff from Switzerland.
They have a second walking foot at the top which allows very accurate sewing ( models 1212 and 1224 and others: Ive made over a thousand kites on this machine and if it ever gives up I have a second one waiting already, because there are not that much of these machines on the market (in their time they did cost 3 or 4 times as much as a common machine) and I dont want another brand....
<P><BR>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="images/sewmchn.gif"></CENTER><BR>
<STRONG>Table</STRONG><BR>
If you have the room for it a special table is something to consider. Again, it does not have to be anything fancy. The idea is to take an old table, about 1 - 1.20 wide, and to make a hole in it on the right side and fit the machine in the hole so that the machine and the table are one working surface.
If you place the machine about 20 cm from the front and on the right side of the table you have a perfect working area: the kite to be lies flat in front of the needle and is much easier to manipulate. It will defenitely make sewing a lot easier.<BR>
If you don't have room for that luxury you can also make a U shaped extension board as in the above image that rests on the table and fits around the machine.
It will defenately make sewing alot easier.<P>
<STRONG>Adjusting the tension of the tread</STRONG><BR>
You should check the tension regularely. Most problems sewing ripstop come from the fact that it's so thin: with "normal" cloth you wouldn't notice.
Be sure the upper and lower tensions are correct: start with the bobbin.
Put the bobbin in it's case and let it dangle from the thread: it just has to hold position. but you give a little tug it has to slide down a bit.
Adjust the little tensioning screw on the bobbin until it does.
Having done this, insert it in your machine, and start sewing.
The easiest way to see if it works right is to use a different colored thread on top. The "knots" should be IN the fabric. If you used two colors, the bottom color should not show loops at the top and vice versa.
Also be sure you have a needle that's big enough to allow the thread to slide through easily. ( I use at least a 90-100 needle with 60 thread) Don't use fancy needles: a standard sharp pointed one is ok.
<BR><BR>
<HR WIDTH=80%><P>
<A HREF="index.html#inhoud"><IMG SRC="images/bartbut.jpg" ALT="index"> Back to the index</A>
<HR WIDTH=80%><P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
Starting
---
**Getting started.**
You dont need much to start building kites. Im building kites for over 35 years now, and the equipment I use is roughly the same as when I started. Some basics:
**Cutting panels:**
Always hot-cut your ripstop. Its easier and stronger.
Youll need a surface to cut on: cardboard will do nicely. the only thing youll have to watch is that its covered with white paper (overhere its called Duplex ) the reason for this is that the paper layer contains chalk, which deminishes the sticking of the ripstop to the cardboard when hot cutting. A thickness of 3 mm is ideal.
**Iron:**
I use a (Weller) soldering gun for cutting. They are not to expensive and tips are easily replacable.
I always make my own tips: easy to do and you get the perfect shape.
I make them from copper wire : bend it as shown in the picture and flatten the tip.
Every now and then give it a knifes edge with a small file. It cuts cleanly, fast and precise.
Be sure to get at least a 20 % model: it means it can be working for 20% of the time without overheating.
**Templates:**
Also cardboard: 2 - 3 mm thickness. When using the flattened tip you dont have to worry about burning up the sides. You wont. If you need to draw the seam allowance on the ripstop there is no need to make two templates: just cut out the template without the allowance and when cutting place the tip of the cutting tool in the center of a thick metal washer and let it slide along side the template. It takes some experimenting to find the right size washer, but if you want a line to sew on and a perfect seam allowance it's worth the trouble.
**Rulers:**
The cheapest and best rulers are the simple alu strips they sell in DIY shops. If you have to cut longer than 1 m look for a ruler thats used for cutting carpet: thin steel, about 5 cm wide.
**Sewing:**
The sewing machine is the probably the most discussed item. My advice: never buy one of those new electronic fancy stitch machines. They dont have the quality of the oldies, and youll end up paying for stiches you dont need. Straight and zig-zag is all you really need allthough a 3-times over (two steps forward one step back) elastic stitch is real handy for parts that endure a lot of strain.
If the word goes round in the family that you want to take up sewing there is a big chance there is someone who has some machine sitting in the attic that you can have for free.
If you do have to buy take some ripstop with you when you shop for a machine and try sewing two layers. The most important things you have to watch:
- make sure the layers stay where they are: some machines stretch the upper layer. Easily detectable if you stich two equally long stripes together; when finished the ends must meet exactly.
- make sure the ripstop is held down enough so that it does not slip when working.
- related to that: ensure the stitches are equally long.
- see if it will do one stich at a time.
- if you have the choice, pick the machine that has the longest arm.
- see if the settings are correct: sew with a different color for under and upper thread and watch if the knot is in the fabric and see if the stitches are tight without crumbling up the fabric.
Last but not least: only buy it if you have the feeling that it defenately is: YOUR MACHINE
Remember: you can be very critical: there are a LOT of second hand machines on the market that have been rarely used and in very good condition.
For what its worth: the best machines in my opinion are made by Pfaff from Switzerland.
They have a second walking foot at the top which allows very accurate sewing ( models 1212 and 1224 and others: Ive made over a thousand kites on this machine and if it ever gives up I have a second one waiting already, because there are not that much of these machines on the market (in their time they did cost 3 or 4 times as much as a common machine) and I dont want another brand....
**Table**
If you have the room for it a special table is something to consider. Again, it does not have to be anything fancy. The idea is to take an old table, about 1 - 1.20 wide, and to make a hole in it on the right side and fit the machine in the hole so that the machine and the table are one working surface.
If you place the machine about 20 cm from the front and on the right side of the table you have a perfect working area: the kite to be lies flat in front of the needle and is much easier to manipulate. It will defenitely make sewing a lot easier.
If you don't have room for that luxury you can also make a U shaped extension board as in the above image that rests on the table and fits around the machine.
It will defenately make sewing alot easier.
**Adjusting the tension of the tread**
You should check the tension regularely. Most problems sewing ripstop come from the fact that it's so thin: with "normal" cloth you wouldn't notice.
Be sure the upper and lower tensions are correct: start with the bobbin.
Put the bobbin in it's case and let it dangle from the thread: it just has to hold position. but you give a little tug it has to slide down a bit.
Adjust the little tensioning screw on the bobbin until it does.
Having done this, insert it in your machine, and start sewing.
The easiest way to see if it works right is to use a different colored thread on top. The "knots" should be IN the fabric. If you used two colors, the bottom color should not show loops at the top and vice versa.
Also be sure you have a needle that's big enough to allow the thread to slide through easily. ( I use at least a 90-100 needle with 60 thread) Don't use fancy needles: a standard sharp pointed one is ok.
---
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<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/chumbug.html">The CHUM Archives</a></b></font></p></td>
<td width="33%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/mais.html">
<span lang="en-ca">Marc Denis: T</span>he Mais Oui Files</a></b></font></p></td>
<td width="34%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><b>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/dougt.html">
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Thompson's Production Corner</font></a></b></p></td>
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<td width="33%" height="17" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/bigeight.html">The CKLW Years</a></b></font></p></td>
<td width="33%" height="17" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/poptops.html">
<b>Pop-Top<span lang="en-ca">s/Mingles</span></b></a></font></p></td>
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<u>
<b><font color="#0000FF" face="Calibri" size="4"><span lang="en-ca">
</span></font><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/lineups.html">
<font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri" size="4">Rock Radio Lineups</font></a></b></u></td>
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<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/kb61.html">
24 Hours of 'KB</a></b></font></p></td>
<td width="33%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><span lang="en-ca"><b><font face="Calibri" size="2">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/lookin-back.html">Don Daynard's
Lookin' Back</a></font></b></span></p></td>
<td width="34%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/dons.html">
The Best of Don Shuttleworth</a></b></font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri"><b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/afvn.html">
AFVN: The GI's Companion</a></b></font></p></td>
<td width="33%" height="19" bordercolor="#A49C17">
<p align="center"><span lang="en-ca"><b><font face="Calibri">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/goodbye.html">Rock Radio
Goodbyes</a></font></b></span></p></td>
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<p align="center"> <font face="Calibri"><b>
<span lang="en-ca">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/year-index.html">Year Index</a></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p align="center"><br>
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ohwow-small.gif" width="152" height="61"></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><font color="#000000" size="5" face="Segoe Script">
<a href="http://live365.com/station/a68406">The Songs Radio Forgot</a></font></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><i><font face="Calibri" size="5"><a href="http://live365.com/station/a68406">
Commercial-free!</a></font></i></span></p><p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><i><font face="Calibri" size="5"><a href="http://live365.com/station/a68406">
With hundreds of songs
that make you say "Oh Wow!"</a></font></i></span><font size="4"><br>
</font></p></td>
</tr>
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</p>
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<td width="232" bgcolor="#FFFFD9" height="148" bordercolor="#FFFFFF">
<p align="center"><span lang="en-ca"><b>
<font color="#FF0000" face="Century Gothic" size="4">Enjoy Forgotten
'45s with Dale Patterson Mondays 1-4 p.m. ET on</font></b><font face="Century Gothic">
<br>
<a href="http://northumberland897.ca/">Northumberland 89.7</a></font></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
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<p align="center">
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#A49C17" width="99%" height="649">
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<br>
<em><strong><u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font face="Calibri" size="4">
RECENT AIRCHECKS<br>
OF THE WEEK...</font></span></u></strong></em></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<strong>
<u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><em>
<font face="Calibri" size="4">
(Contributors in brackets</font><span lang="en-ca"><font face="Calibri" size="2">)</font></span></em></span></u></strong></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<strong style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<span lang="en-ca"><u>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<font face="Calibri" size="4"><em style="font-style: normal">December
17<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec17.html">Keith James<br>
CHED, December '73<br>
</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec17.html">
(radiowest.ca)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
December 10<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec10.html">Ray Collins<br>
CHQR, December 2, 1983<br>
</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec10.html">
(radiowest.ca)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
December 3<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec3.html">Joe McCauley<br>
WIP, December 2/60<br>
</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec3.html">(Don
Shuttleworth)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
November 26<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov26.html">Michael S.
Cooper<br>
KEY-590, December 6/89<br>
</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov26.html">
(Don Shuttleworth)</a></em></font></span></u></span></strong></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<span lang="en-ca"><u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font face="Calibri" size="4">
<strong>
<em style="font-style: normal">November 19<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov19.html">JFK
assassination re-creation<br>
Northumberland 89.7</a><br>
</em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov19.html">(RRS
archives)</a></em></strong></font></span></u></span></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<span lang="en-ca"><u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font face="Calibri" size="4">
<strong>
<em style="font-style: normal">November 12<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov12.html">Bob Lewis<br>
November 14/69<br>
(</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov12.html">Don
Shuttleworth)</a></em></strong></font></span></u></span></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<span lang="en-ca"><u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font face="Calibri" size="4">
<strong>
<em style="font-style: normal">November 5<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov5.html">John Rode<br>
CKFH, November 11/69<br>
</a>
</em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov5.html">(Charlie
Ritenburg)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
October 29<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct29.html">Bobby Steele<br>
CHLO, 1971</a><br>
</em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct29.html">(Charlie
Ritenburg)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
October 22<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct22.html">Banana Joe<br>
CHUM, September 23/77<br>
</a></em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct22.html">(Doug
Thompson)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
October 15<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct15.html">Russ Horton<br>
FM 108, October 17/83<br>
</a></em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct15.html">(Scrapbook
archives)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
October 8<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct8.html">Don Daynard w/
Lookin' Back<br>
CKFM, October 26/85<br>
</a></em><em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct8.html">
(Fred Bradley)</a></em><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
<br>
</em>
</strong>
</font></span></u></span>
<strong><span lang="en-ca"><u>
<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font face="Calibri" size="4">
<em style="font-style: normal">September 24<br>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-sep24.html">Jim Brady<br>
August 15/77<br>
</a>
</em>
<em><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-sep24.html">(Bill
Dulmage)</a></em></font></span></u></span><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF" lang="en-ca"><font face="Calibri" size="4"><u><em style="font-style: normal"><br>
</em></u></font></span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="380" bordercolor="#000000" height="2880">
<p align="center">
<span style="background-color: #ffffd9">
<b>
<font size="4" face="Arial"><br>
<br>
</font><span style="letter-spacing: normal" lang="en-ca">
<font face="Calibri" size="5">CANADA'S AIRCHECK ARCHIVE</font></span></b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 217);"><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial"><font size="4" face="Calibri"><br>
</font></b>
<b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">
<i><font size="4" face="Calibri">-</font></i></b><i><font face="Calibri"><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial"><font size="4">
</font>
</b>
<b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">
<font size="4">Since October 29, 1996<span lang="en-ca"> -</span></font></b></font></i></span><b><font face="Calibri"><span style="background-color: #ffffe6"><font size="4"><br>
</font>
</span></font></b><i><span style="background-color: #ffffe6">
<font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></span><span style="font-weight: 700; background-color: #ffffff">
<font color="#ff0000" face="Calibri"><span lang="en-ca"><font size="5">Now with </font></span></font></span>
<font size="5"><b><font face="Calibri" color="#FF0000"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF" lang="en-ca">
1,751 </span></font></b></font></i><b><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-style:italic">
<font size="5" color="#FF0000" face="Calibri"> audio exhibits</font></span></b><font face="Calibri" size="4"><span lang="en-ca"><br>
</span></font></p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<pre><img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/scrapbooklogo2.gif" border="0" width="220" height="172"><strong>
<em><font color="#ff0000" face="Times New Roman" size="7">Scrapbook</font></em></strong></pre>
</center>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<pre><img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/wreath.gif" width="96" height="112"></pre>
</center>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<pre><em style="font-style: normal"><strong><span lang="en-ca"><font face="Arial" size="4"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html">Click here for the Aircheck of The Week</a></font></span></strong></em></pre>
</center>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<pre><em style="font-style: normal"><strong><span lang="en-ca"><font face="Arial" size="4"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html">New Airchecks Every Sunday</a></font></span></strong></em>
</pre>
<pre></pre>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#FF0000" width="101%" bgcolor="#FFFF99" height="40" style="border-collapse: collapse; " cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFF99" bordercolor="#FF0000" style="border-left-color: #FF0000; border-left-width: 1; border-right-color: #FF0000; border-right-width: 1">
<p align="center"><font face="Calibri" color="#000080"><b>
<font size="6">
<span lang="en-ca">AIR</span>CHECK<span lang="en-ca"> </span>OF THE WEEK</font><font size="5"><br>
</font></b><i><font size="5">Edition #<span lang="en-ca">1275 -
December 24, 2023</span></font></i></font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" bordercolor="#A49C17" style="border-left-color: #FF0000; border-left-width: 1; border-right-color: #FF0000; border-right-width: 1; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium">
<p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><u><b><i>
<font face="Calibri" size="5" color="#000080"><br>
CHUM Jingles/Messages Montage<br>
CHUM Toronto<br>
Various years</font></i></b></u></span></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><u><b><i>
<font face="Calibri" size="4" color="#000080">(Contributor: Doug
Thompson)</font></i></b></u></span></p>
<p align="center">
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/christmas-carol.jpg" width="175" height="116"></p>
<p align="center">
<span lang="en-ca"><b><font face="Arial" size="4" color="#FF0000">
Well, look what Santa brought!<br>
<br>
Thanks to the generosity of Doug Thompson in the CHUM Archives, we
have a special holiday treat. It's a wonderful
montage of Christmas jingles and messages that aired on CHUM over the years.
If you like this, there's more from CHUM's past at <a href="http://chumtribute.com">the CHUM Tribute Page</a><font color="#FF0000">.</font></font></b></span></p>
<p align="center"><span lang="en-ca"><b>
<font face="Arial" size="4" color="#FF0000">Enjoy the CHUM Jingles/Messages
Montage ... in the
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html">Aircheck of the
Week</a>.<br>
</font></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFE6" bordercolor="#FF0000" style="border-style: none; border-width: medium">
<p align="center">
<font color="#FF0000" face="Arial" size="4">
<span lang="en-ca" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; background-color: #FFFFFF">
<br>
NEXT UPDATE: December 31<br>
</span></font></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
</div>
<div align="center">
<center>
<p align="center" style="color: #FF0000; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; ">
<br>
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/blast-from-the-past.gif" width="250" height="102"></p>
<p align="center" style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">
<span lang="en-ca"><font size="4">Each week we dig deep into the Rock
Radio Scrapbook vault for more aircheck gold!<br>
<br>
Click <a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/blast.html">here</a> for a
surprise from the archive!</font></span></p>
</center>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.socan.ca/">
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/socan2.jpg" width="175" height="41"></a></font><br>
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<font face="arial,helvetica" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<span style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">
Rock Radio Scrapbook</span><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 'Avenir LT Std 55 Roman', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><font face="Arial"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>pays<br>
music licensing fees to the<br>
Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (License
22-F)<font size="2"><br>
</font>
</font></span></font><span lang="EN" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 'Avenir LT Std 55 Roman', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><font face="arial,helvetica" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><br>
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<strong><font color="#000080" face="Calibri" size="5">
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 217)">ROCK RADIO HISTORY<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
</span>
<span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 217)">...
IN SOUND</span></font><font color="#000080" face="Calibri" size="4"><span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 230)"><br>
</span><br>
</font></strong>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"><br>
</font>
<u><b>
<font size="5" face="Calibri" color="#0000ff">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air50s.html">Rock Radio Airchecks:
The '50s & before</a><br>
</font></b></u>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
</font><u><b>
<font size="5" color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air60s.html">
Rock Radio Airchecks: The '60s</a><br>
</font></b></u>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font size="5" face="Calibri"><br>
</font><u><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><b>
<font size="5"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air70s.html">Rock
Radio Airchecks: The '70s</a></font></b></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
</font></u>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font size="5" face="Calibri"><br>
</font><u><b>
<font size="5" color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air80s.html">
Rock Radio Airchecks: The '80s</a><br>
</font></b></u>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font size="5" face="Calibri"><br>
</font><u><font size="5"><b>
<font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air90s.html">Rock Radio Airchecks:
The '90s</a></font></b></font></u><font size="5"><br>
</font>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
</font><u><font size="5"><b>
<font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri">
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air2000.html">Rock Radio Airchecks:
The <span lang="en-ca">2000s</span></a></font></b></font></u><br>
<font face="Calibri" size="5">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><br>
<font color="#0000FF" face="Calibri" size="5">
<b>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/chas.html">The Charlie Ritenburg
Treasury</a></b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
<b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/kahuna.html">
The Tom Fulton Collection</a></b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
</font><font size="5">
<b><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/jingles.html">Rock Radio Airchecks:
<span lang="en-ca">Jingles</span></a></u></font></b><font face="Calibri"><br>
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"><br>
</font></font><b><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/xmas.html"><font size="5">Rock Radio
Airchecks:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font color="#ff0000">C</font><font color="#008000">h</font><font color="#ff0000">r</font>i<font color="#008000">s</font><font color="#ff0000">t</font><font color="#008000">m</font><font color="#ff0000">a</font></font><font size="5" color="#008000">s</font></a></u></font></b><font face="Calibri" size="5"><br>
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"><br>
</font>
<b><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u>
<font size="5"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/halloween.html">Rock
Radio Airchecks:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font color="#F27900">Halloween</font></a></font></u></font></b><font size="5"><br>
</font>
<font face="Calibri" size="5">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"><br>
</font><font size="5">
<b><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u>
<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/fm108.html">Rock Radio Airchecks:
<span lang="en-ca"><font color="#FF0000">FM 108</font>
<font color="#A49C17">Gold 'N Great</font></span></a></u></font></b></font></p>
<hr>
<p align="center">
<strong><font color="#000080" face="Calibri">
<span style="background-color: #ffffd9"><font size="5">ROCK RADIO HISTORY <br>
</font>
<i><font size="5">... IN WORDS<br>
</font></i></span></font></strong><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.tripod.com/lineups.html"><font size="5"><br>
</font>
</a></font><font size="5"><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/articles.html"><br>
<b>Rock Radio Articles</b></a></u><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/almanac.html"><br>
<b>Rock Radio Almanac</b></a></u><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/jive.html"><br>
<b>Rock Radio Jive</b></a></u><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><br>
<b><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/quotes.html">Rock Radio Quotes</a></b><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/stories.html"><br>
<b>Rock Radio Stories</b></a><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.tripod.com/quotes.html"><br>
</a></font><font face="Calibri">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/onair.gif" width="100" height="29"></font></font><font color="#0000ff" face="Calibri"><u><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/changes.html"><font size="5"><br>
</font>
<b><font size="5">Rock Radio Changes</font></b></a></u></font></p>
<p> </p></td>
<td valign="top" width="325" height="2880">
<p align="center">
<br>
<br>
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/montage.gif" width="275" height="375"></p>
<hr>
<p align="center">
<b><font face="Baskerville Old Face">Official host of</font></b><br>
<br>
<a href="http://chumtribute.com/">
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/chumtribute14.jpg" width="160" height="110"></a></p>
<hr>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial">
<span lang="en-ca">NOW ONLINE!!!</span></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<a href="http://ckfhtribute.com/">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckfh-nov-1968.jpg" width="217" height="73" border="0"></a></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<b><span lang="en-ca"><font face="Baskerville Old Face" size="4">THE CKFH
TRIBUTE SITE</font></span></b></p>
<hr>
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<a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/heaven.html">
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/heaven-logo.gif" width="300" height="35"></a></p>
<hr>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<strong><font color="#000000" face="Calibri">
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><font size="5">W</font></span></font><font size="5"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri">ritten,
researched and produced by<br>
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">DALE PATTERSON</a></font></span></font><font face="Calibri"><br>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><i>
<font size="4" color="#ff0000">
<br>
</font>
<span lang="en-ca">
<font size="5" color="#ff0000">
Now in
</font>
</span><font size="5" color="#ff0000">
our <span lang="en-ca">28th</span> year online</font></i></span><br>
</font></strong><font face="Arial"><br>
</font><strong><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="4">
CHOSEN AS A SPOTLIGHT SITE BY</font></strong><font face="Arial" size="2"><br>
</font><font face="Arial">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/four40.gif" width="141" height="57"><br>
</font><strong><font face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">AS FEATURED IN</font><font face="Arial"><br>
<img alt="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/netlife.gif (3111 bytes)" src="netlife.gif" width="120" height="60"><br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="2"><br>
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/dnto-cbc.gif" border="0" width="146" height="49"></font></strong></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/b-dialogue.jpg" border="0" width="165" height="53"></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<a href="http://www.cvue.ca/">
<img border="0" src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/cvue-radio.jpg" width="150" height="68"></a></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">
<font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="4">One moment they were here,
the next they were gone. Great stations, legendary deejays faded into the
ether, seemingly forever.</font></em></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">
<font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="4">But wait! That great radio
lives again right here at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font></em><em style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><strong><font color="#ff0000" face="Calibri" size="4">Rock
Radio Scrapbook</font></strong></em><font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="4"><em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">.
The unforgettable stations like <b>CHUM</b>, <b>CKLW</b>, <b>CKEY</b>, <b>
CKFH</b>,
<b>CFTR</b>, <b>1470 CFOX</b>,
<b>CKGM</b>, <b>CJMS</b>, <b>CFUN</b>, </em>
<em style="background-color: #FFFFFF; font-weight:700; font-style:normal">
CKRC</em><em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">,
<b>FM 108</b>, <b>WKBW</b>, <b>WGR</b>, <b>WLS</b>, <b>WABC</b>, <b>KHJ</b>
and so many others can be heard and read about here.</em></font></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="4">
<em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">Enjoy legendary
deejays like<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em><em style="background-color: #FFFFFF">Alan
Freed,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Hound Dog Lorenz,
Jackson Armstrong,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Robert W.
Morgan, Hunter Hancock, Cousin Brucie, Dan Ingram, Dick Biondi, Wolfman
Jack, Al Boliska, Jay Nelson,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <span lang="en-ca">Don
Daynard, </span></span>The Real Don Steele, Tom Rivers, Brian Skinner, <span lang="en-ca">
Tom Fulton,
</span>Marc Denis, Red Robinson<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em><em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">and
many others. Also here: the history, the lineups and the stories of a
great radio era now gone but fondly remembered.</em></font></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<font face="Calibri" size="4">
<em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">
<font color="#000000">First, read<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font><strong><font color="#0000ff"><a href="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/about.html">a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>little
about this site</u></a></font></strong><font color="#000000"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and
then explore this tribute to a great radio era<span lang="en-ca">.</span></font></em></font></p>
<p align="center" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: -webkit-center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<font face="Calibri" size="4">
<em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF">
<font color="#000000">Thanks for placing<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font></em><em style="background-color: #FFFFFF"><font color="#ff0000"><strong>Rock
Radio Scrapbook</strong></font></em><em style="font-style: normal; background-color: #FFFFFF"><font color="#000000"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>on
your cyber-bookshelf! And enjoy our Top 40 treasure trove!</font></em></font></p>
<hr>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.facebook.ca/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf">
<img src="http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/facebook.gif" border="0" width="125" height="59"></a></p>
<p align="center"><font size="4" face="Calibri">Get a PREVIEW of the
<font color="#FF0000"><i><b>Aircheck of the Week</b></i></font> every Friday
on </font><font size="4">
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf"><b>
<font face="Calibri">Rock R</font></b></a></font><font size="4" face="Calibri"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf"><b>adio
Scrapbook: Inside Edition</b></a>, our <u><b><font color="#0000FF">
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2404848046">official </a>
</font></b></u><b>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf">
Facebook page</a></b>.</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="center">
<strong><span lang="en-ca"><i><font face="Calibri" size="4" color="#FF0000">"The
dimensions of the radio are truly to be treasured</font></i></span></strong><font face="Calibri" color="#ff0000" size="4"><strong><i><span lang="en-ca">.</span>"<br>
</i></strong></font><font size="4" face="Calibri"><em><br>
<span lang="en-ca">- Charles Osgood</span></em></font></p>
<hr>
<p align="center"><em><font color="#ff0000" face="Calibri">
<span style="font-weight: 700; background-color: #ffffff"><font size="4">
ROCK RADIO SCRAPBOOK<br>
</font>
</span></font><font face="Calibri" size="4">
<span style="font-weight: 700; background-color: #ffffff">
<font color="#ff0000">Canada's Aircheck Archive</font></span><br>
</font></em><strong><font color="#ff0000" face="Calibri">
<span style="font-style: italic; background-color: #ffffff"><font size="4">©
1996-20</font><span lang="en-ca"><font size="4">23</font></span></span></font></strong></p>
<p align="center"><i><font face="Calibri" size="4">Your e-mails are welcomed
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">here</a>.</font></i></p>
<p align="center">
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Rock Radio Scrapbook: Canada's Aircheck Archive
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| **[The CHUM Archives](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/chumbug.html)** | **[Marc Denis: The Mais Oui Files](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/mais.html)** | **[Doug
Thompson's Production Corner](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/dougt.html)** |
| **[The CKLW Years](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/bigeight.html)** | [**Pop-Tops/Mingles**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/poptops.html) |
**[Rock Radio Lineups](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/lineups.html)** |
| **[24 Hours of 'KB](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/kb61.html)** | **[Don Daynard's
Lookin' Back](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/lookin-back.html)** | **[The Best of Don Shuttleworth](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/dons.html)** |
| **[AFVN: The GI's Companion](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/afvn.html)** | **[Rock Radio
Goodbyes](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/goodbye.html)** | **[Year Index](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/year-index.html)** |
| |
|
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| --- |
|
[The Songs Radio Forgot](http://live365.com/station/a68406)
*[Commercial-free!](http://live365.com/station/a68406)*
*[With hundreds of songs
that make you say "Oh Wow!"](http://live365.com/station/a68406)*
|
| |
| --- |
| **Enjoy Forgotten
'45s with Dale Patterson Mondays 1-4 p.m. ET on**
[Northumberland 89.7](http://northumberland897.ca/) |
| |
| --- |
|
***RECENT AIRCHECKS
OF THE WEEK...***
***(Contributors in brackets)***
***December
17
[Keith James
CHED, December '73](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec17.html)**[(radiowest.ca)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec17.html)**December 10
[Ray Collins
CHQR, December 2, 1983](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec10.html)**[(radiowest.ca)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec10.html)**December 3
[Joe McCauley
WIP, December 2/60](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec3.html)**[(Don
Shuttleworth)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec3.html)**November 26
[Michael S.
Cooper
KEY-590, December 6/89](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov26.html)**[(Don Shuttleworth)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov26.html)***
***November 19
[JFK
assassination re-creation
Northumberland 89.7](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov19.html)*
*[(RRS
archives)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov19.html)***
***November 12
[Bob Lewis
November 14/69
(](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov12.html)**[Don
Shuttleworth)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov12.html)***
***November 5
[John Rode
CKFH, November 11/69](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov5.html)*
*[(Charlie
Ritenburg)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-nov5.html)**October 29
[Bobby Steele
CHLO, 1971](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct29.html)*
*[(Charlie
Ritenburg)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct29.html)**October 22
[Banana Joe
CHUM, September 23/77](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct22.html)*
*[(Doug
Thompson)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct22.html)**October 15
[Russ Horton
FM 108, October 17/83](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct15.html)*
*[(Scrapbook
archives)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct15.html)**October 8
[Don Daynard w/
Lookin' Back
CKFM, October 26/85](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct8.html)**[(Fred Bradley)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-oct8.html)***
***September 24
[Jim Brady
August 15/77](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-sep24.html)*
*[(Bill
Dulmage)](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-sep24.html)*** |
|
**CANADA'S AIRCHECK ARCHIVE**
***-******Since October 29, 1996 -****Now with
**1,751*** **audio exhibits**
```
***Scrapbook***
```
```
***[Click here for the Aircheck of The Week](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html)***
```
```
***[New Airchecks Every Sunday](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html)***
```
| |
| --- |
| **AIRCHECK OF THE WEEK***Edition #1275 -
December 24, 2023* |
|
***CHUM Jingles/Messages Montage
CHUM Toronto
Various years***
***(Contributor: Doug
Thompson)***
**Well, look what Santa brought!
Thanks to the generosity of Doug Thompson in the CHUM Archives, we
have a special holiday treat. It's a wonderful
montage of Christmas jingles and messages that aired on CHUM over the years.
If you like this, there's more from CHUM's past at [the CHUM Tribute Page](http://chumtribute.com).**
**Enjoy the CHUM Jingles/Messages
Montage ... in the
[Aircheck of the
Week](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/ckc-dec24.html).** |
|
NEXT UPDATE: December 31
|
Each week we dig deep into the Rock
Radio Scrapbook vault for more aircheck gold!
Click [here](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/blast.html) for a
surprise from the archive!
| |
| --- |
|
Rock Radio Scrapbook pays
music licensing fees to the
Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (License
22-F)
|
---
**ROCK RADIO HISTORY
...
IN SOUND**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks:
The '50s & before](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air50s.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks: The '60s](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air60s.html)**
**[Rock
Radio Airchecks: The '70s](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air70s.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks: The '80s](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air80s.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks:
The '90s](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air90s.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks:
The 2000s](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/air2000.html)**
**[The Charlie Ritenburg
Treasury](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/chas.html)**
**[The Tom Fulton Collection](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/kahuna.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks:
Jingles](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/jingles.html)**
**[Rock Radio
Airchecks: Christmas](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/xmas.html)**
**[Rock
Radio Airchecks: Halloween](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/halloween.html)**
**[Rock Radio Airchecks:
FM 108
Gold 'N Great](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/fm108.html)**
---
**ROCK RADIO HISTORY
*... IN WORDS***
[**Rock Radio Articles**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/articles.html)
[**Rock Radio Almanac**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/almanac.html)
[**Rock Radio Jive**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/jive.html)
**[Rock Radio Quotes](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/quotes.html)**
[**Rock Radio Stories**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/stories.html)
[**Rock Radio Changes**](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/changes.html)
|
---
**Official host of**
---
NOW ONLINE!!!
**THE CKFH
TRIBUTE SITE**
---
---
**Written,
researched and produced by
[DALE PATTERSON](mailto:[email protected])
*Now in
our 28th year online***
**CHOSEN AS A SPOTLIGHT SITE BY**
**AS FEATURED IN
http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/netlife.gif (3111 bytes)**
*One moment they were here,
the next they were gone. Great stations, legendary deejays faded into the
ether, seemingly forever.*
*But wait! That great radio
lives again right here at****Rock
Radio Scrapbook****.
The unforgettable stations like **CHUM**, **CKLW**, **CKEY**, **CKFH**,
**CFTR**, **1470 CFOX**,
**CKGM**, **CJMS**, **CFUN**,*
*CKRC**,
**FM 108**, **WKBW**, **WGR**, **WLS**, **WABC**, **KHJ**
and so many others can be heard and read about here.*
*Enjoy legendary
deejays like**Alan
Freed, Hound Dog Lorenz,
Jackson Armstrong, Robert W.
Morgan, Hunter Hancock, Cousin Brucie, Dan Ingram, Dick Biondi, Wolfman
Jack, Al Boliska, Jay Nelson, Don
Daynard, The Real Don Steele, Tom Rivers, Brian Skinner,
Tom Fulton,
Marc Denis, Red Robinson**and
many others. Also here: the history, the lineups and the stories of a
great radio era now gone but fondly remembered.*
*First, read **[a little
about this site](http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/about.html)** and
then explore this tribute to a great radio era.*
*Thanks for placing****Rock
Radio Scrapbook****on
your cyber-bookshelf! And enjoy our Top 40 treasure trove!*
---
Get a PREVIEW of the
***Aircheck of the Week*** every Friday
on
[**Rock R**](http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf)[**adio
Scrapbook: Inside Edition**](http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf), our **[official](http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2404848046)****[Facebook page](http://www.facebook.com/groups/rockradioscrapbook/?fref=nf)**.
---
***"The
dimensions of the radio are truly to be treasured******."****- Charles Osgood*
---
*ROCK RADIO SCRAPBOOK
Canada's Aircheck Archive***©
1996-2023**
*Your e-mails are welcomed
[here](mailto:[email protected]).*
http://rockradioscrapbook.ca/radio.gif (1922 bytes)
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<head><TITLE>Peter Norvig</TITLE>
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<font color=blue><h1>[email protected]</h1>
<td width="50%"><i>This site contains technical papers, essays, reports, software,
and other materials by Peter Norvig.</i>
<a href="rss-feed.xml"><img src="rss.jpeg" alt="RSS 2.0 Feed">
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<tr>
<td width="50%" valign=top>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>NEW</b><tr><td>
# <font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: yellow"><b>NEW</b></font> <a href="https://github.com/norvig/pytudes#pytudes-index-of-jupyter-ipython-notebooks">List of Jupyter/Ipython notebooks</a>
<br># <a href="LI2">Lego Institute for Lego Investigation</a>
<br># <a href="http://norvig.com/mayzner.html">English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited</a>
<br># <a href="http://norvig.com/cacm-hybrid.html">Google's Hybrid Approach to Research</a>, article
<a href="http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2012/7/151226-googles-hybrid-approach-to-research/fulltext">published at ACM</a>.
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Top Dozen Links on Norvig.com</b><tr><td>
#1 <a href="Gettysburg/index.htm"><b style="background-color:#FFFF33"></b>Gettysburg Powerpoint Presentation</a> and its <a href="Gettysburg/making.html">making</a> (slides)
<br>#2 <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/">AI: A Modern Approach</a> (book) and <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/ai.html">AI on the Web</a> (links)
<br>#3 <a href="palindrome.html">World's Longest Palindrome</a> (for 20:02 02/20 2002)
<br>#4 <a href="21-days.html">Teach Yourself Programming in 10 Years</a> (essay)
<br>#5 <a href="paip.html">Paradigms of AI Programming</a> (book) with <a href="http://www.norvig.com/paip/README.html">code</a>
<br>#6 <a href="java-iaq.html">Java IAQ</a> and <a href="python-iaq.html">Python IAQ</a> (FAQs)
<br>#7 <a href="design-patterns">Design Patterns in Dynamic Languages</a> (slides)
<br>#8 Lisp compared to <a href="python-lisp.html">Python</a>, <a href="java-lisp.html">Java</a>, and <a href="Lisp-retro.html">itself in 1991</a>
<br>#9 <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/code.html">Code</a> for Intro AI programming in <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/readme.html">Python</a>
and <a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/code/doc/overview.html">Lisp</a>
<br>#10 <a href="performance-review.html">Einstein '05 Performance Review</a>
<br>#11 <a href="jscheme.html">JScheme: Scheme in Java</a> (software)
<br>#12 <a href="ipod.html">Doing the Martin Shuffle (with your iPod)</a>
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Artificial Intelligence Books</b><tr><td>
#2 <A HREF="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu"><B>AI: A Modern Approach</B></A>,
<i>Outstanding ... will deservedly dominate the field for some time</i>
- Nils Nilsson
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0136042597/"><font size="-2">Amazon</font></a>
<br>#5 <A HREF="paip.html">Paradigms of AI Programming</A>
<i>Possibly the best hardcore programming book ever.</i> - Gareth McCaughan
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1558601910"><font size="-2">Amazon</font></a>
<br># <A HREF="http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/site/0937073954.html">Verbmobil:
Translation for Face-to-Face Dialog</A>
- <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0937073954"><font size="-2">Amazon</font></a>
<br># <a href="http://www.springer.com/computer/artificial/book/978-0-7923-6641-6">Intelligent Help Systems for Unix</a>
- <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0792366417"><font size="-2">Amazon</font></a>
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Free Open Source Software</b><tr><td>
#5 <a href="http://www.norvig.com/paip/README.html">Lisp</a> for <i>Paradigms of AI Programming</i>
<br>#9 <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/code.html">Code</a> in <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/readme.html">Python</a> and
<a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/code/doc/overview.html">Lisp</a>
for <i>AI: A Modern Approach</i>
<br>#11 <a href="jscheme.html">JScheme: Scheme in Java</a>
<br># <a href="beal.html">Beal's Conjecture</a>
<br># <a href="Pugdom/index.html"><b>Pugdom</b></a>, and
<a href="Nutdom/index.html"><b>Nutdom</b></a>, games by Juliet Norvig
<br># <a href="ltd/doc/ltd.html">LTD: Converting Lisp to Dylan</a>
<br># <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/py2html.html">py2html</a>
<a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/py2html.py">(.py)</a> (python pretty-printer)
<br># <a href="docex.html">docex</a> <a href="docex.py">(.py)</a> (unit test / example module; similar to doctest)
<br># <a href="http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/yaptu.py">yaptu.py</a> (my version of Martelli's template code)
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Humor</b><tr><td>
#1 <a href="Gettysburg/index.htm">Gettysburg Powerpoint Presentation</a> and its <a href="Gettysburg/making.html">making</a> (slides)
<br># <a href="https://peternorvig.medium.com/">April Fools' Day posts</a> (medium.com)
<br># McSweeney's: <a href="http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/plot-synopses-for-episodes-of-a-gilligans-island-remake-starring-members-of-the-bush-administration"><i>Gilligan's Island</i> starring the Bush Administration</a>
<br># McSweeney's: <a href="http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/stories-that-would-have-turned-out-differently-if-the-protagonists-had-had-cell-phones">Stories that would be different with cell phones</a>
<br>#10 <a href="performance-review.html">Einstein '05 Performance Review</a>
<br># <a href="norvigs-law.html">Norvig's Law</a>
<br># <a href="y10k.html">A Y2K Saga</a> (fiction)
<br># <a href="speech.html">My Speech to the Graduates</a> (commencement address)
<br># <a href="quotations.html">Familiar and Unfamiliar Quotations</a> (my favorites)
</table>
<td width="50%" valign=top>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Contact Information</b><tr><td>
<b>Peter Norvig
<br>Director of Research <a href="http://www.google.com"><img align=absmiddle alt="Google" src="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_284x96dp.png" height=32 border=0></a>
<br> Email: [email protected], [email protected]
<br>
<br># <a href="resume.html">Vita / resume</a> including
<a href="vita.html#pubs">online papers</a>; <a href="bio.html">short bio with photos</a>
<br># <a href="elsewhere.html">Me elsewhere on the web</a>; <a href="photos/">photos I've taken</a>
<br><tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Java, Lisp and Python Essays</b><tr><td>
#5 <A HREF="paip.html">Paradigms of AI Programming</A> with
<a href="paip/">Lisp code</a>
<br>#6 <a href="java-iaq.html">Java IAQ</a> (Infrequently Answered Questions)
<br>#6 <a href="python-iaq.html">Python IAQ</a> (Infrequently Answered Questions)
<br>#8 <a href="python-lisp.html">Python for Lisp Programmers</a> (essay)
<br>#11 <a href="jscheme.html">JScheme: Scheme implemented in Java</a> (free software)
<br># <a href="lispy.html">(How to Write a (Lisp) Interpreter (in Python))</a> # <a href="lispy2.html">Version 2 (Even Better)</a>
<br># <a href="lisp_talk_final.htm">Lisp: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?</a>
<br># <a href="http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/matthias/Scheme2000/">Silk:
A Playful Blend of Scheme and Java</a> (ps)
<br># <a href="java-lisp.html">Lisp as an Alternative to Java</a> (comparison)
<br># <a href="Lisp-retro.html">Lisp Retrospective</a> (essay)
<br># <A HREF="luv-slides.ps">Tutorial on Good Lisp Programming Style</A> (ps)
<br># <a href="pyacc.html">Python Accumulation Displays (proposal)</a>
<br># <a href="sudoku.html">Solving Every Sudoku Puzzle</a> (essay; python)
<br># <a href="spell-correct.html">How to Write a Spelling Corrector</a> (essay; python)
<br># <a href="SET.html">Analyzing the game of SET</a> (essay; python)
<br># <a href="ibol.html">An Exercise in Species Barcoding</a> (essay; python)
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Other Programming Papers and Presentations</b><tr><td>
# <a href="http://norvig.com/chomsky.html">On Chomsky and the Two Cultures of Statistical Learning</a>
<br> #4 <a href="21-days.html">Teach Yourself Programming in 10 Years</a> (essay)
<br>#7 <a href="design-patterns">Design Patterns in Dynamic Languages</a> (slides)
<br># <a href="beal.html">Beal's Conjecture</a> (software, math)
<br># <a href="adaptive/index.htm">Decision Theory: Language of Adaptive
Software</a> (slides)
<br># <A HREF="ow.ps">Finding and Reusing Programmer's Work</A> (ps)
<br># <A HREF="http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~baveja/Demo.html">How to Make
Agents Do the Right Thing</a> (demo)
<br># <a href="adapaper-pcai.html">Adaptive Software</a> (article)
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>NASA</b><tr><td>
# <a href="http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/mpiat_summary.pdf">Mars Program Reports</a> (with Tom Young Commission)
<br># <a href="ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/reports/2000/MCO_MIB_Report.pdf">NASA Project Management Report</a> (pdf, with Stephenson)
<br># <a href="ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/reports/1999/MCO_report.pdf">Mars Climate Orbiter Failure Report</a> (pdf, with Stephenson)
<br># <a href="http://www.ic.arc.nasa.gov">NASA Computational Sciences</a> (my former division)
<tr><td align=center bgcolor=6495ed><b>Non-Computer Science Essays<tr><td>
# <a href="dance-photography.html">Dance Photography</a> (see also <a href="galapagos-photography.html">Galapagos Photography</a>)
<br># <a href="chart538.html">Reply to Nate Silver's Jungle Primary Post</a>
<br># <a href="fact-check.html">All we want are the facts, ma'am</a> Fact-checking and <i>The End of Science</i>
<br># <a href="reporters-and-parrots.html">Reporters and Parrots</a> - essay on reporting
<br># <a href="oreskes.html">The Global Climate Change Consensus: My Experiment</a>
<br># <a href="election-faq-2012.html">2012 US Presidential Election FAQ</a>
<br># <a href="http://norvig.com/experiment-design.html">Warning Signs in Experimental Design and Interpretation</a>
<br># <a href="prayer.html">Evaluating Extraordinary Claims: Mind Over Matter?</a>
</table>
</table>
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<i>Peter Norvig<br><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</i></a>
<br><b>Logs</b>: <a href="http://norvig.com/logs/logs12.html">2012</a>,
<a href="logs/logs-all12.html">all-time</a>,
<a href="logs/logs-photos12.html">photos</a>,
<a href="http://www.quantcast.com/norvig.com">Quantcast</a>,
<a href="http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/norvig.com">Alexa</a> (<a href="logs-alexa.html">comments on</a>)
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| Peter Norvig
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [email protected]
*This site contains technical papers, essays, reports, software,
and other materials by Peter Norvig.*
[RSS 2.0 Feed](rss-feed.xml) | |
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| **NEW**|
# **NEW** [List of Jupyter/Ipython notebooks](https://github.com/norvig/pytudes#pytudes-index-of-jupyter-ipython-notebooks)
# [Lego Institute for Lego Investigation](LI2)
# [English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited](http://norvig.com/mayzner.html)
# [Google's Hybrid Approach to Research](http://norvig.com/cacm-hybrid.html), article
[published at ACM](http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2012/7/151226-googles-hybrid-approach-to-research/fulltext).
| **Top Dozen Links on Norvig.com**|
#1 [Gettysburg Powerpoint Presentation](Gettysburg/index.htm) and its [making](Gettysburg/making.html) (slides)
#2 [AI: A Modern Approach](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/) (book) and [AI on the Web](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/ai.html) (links)
#3 [World's Longest Palindrome](palindrome.html) (for 20:02 02/20 2002)
#4 [Teach Yourself Programming in 10 Years](21-days.html) (essay)
#5 [Paradigms of AI Programming](paip.html) (book) with [code](http://www.norvig.com/paip/README.html)
#6 [Java IAQ](java-iaq.html) and [Python IAQ](python-iaq.html) (FAQs)
#7 [Design Patterns in Dynamic Languages](design-patterns) (slides)
#8 Lisp compared to [Python](python-lisp.html), [Java](java-lisp.html), and [itself in 1991](Lisp-retro.html)
#9 [Code](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/code.html) for Intro AI programming in [Python](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/readme.html)
and [Lisp](http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/code/doc/overview.html)
#10 [Einstein '05 Performance Review](performance-review.html)
#11 [JScheme: Scheme in Java](jscheme.html) (software)
#12 [Doing the Martin Shuffle (with your iPod)](ipod.html)| **Artificial Intelligence Books**|
#2 [**AI: A Modern Approach**](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu),
*Outstanding ... will deservedly dominate the field for some time*
- Nils Nilsson
[Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0136042597/)
#5 [Paradigms of AI Programming](paip.html)
*Possibly the best hardcore programming book ever.* - Gareth McCaughan
[Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1558601910)
# [Verbmobil:
Translation for Face-to-Face Dialog](http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/site/0937073954.html)
- [Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0937073954)
# [Intelligent Help Systems for Unix](http://www.springer.com/computer/artificial/book/978-0-7923-6641-6)
- [Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0792366417)| **Free Open Source Software**|
#5 [Lisp](http://www.norvig.com/paip/README.html) for *Paradigms of AI Programming*
#9 [Code](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/code.html) in [Python](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/readme.html) and
[Lisp](http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/code/doc/overview.html)
for *AI: A Modern Approach*
#11 [JScheme: Scheme in Java](jscheme.html)
# [Beal's Conjecture](beal.html)
# [**Pugdom**](Pugdom/index.html), and
[**Nutdom**](Nutdom/index.html), games by Juliet Norvig
# [LTD: Converting Lisp to Dylan](ltd/doc/ltd.html)
# [py2html](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/py2html.html)
[(.py)](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/python/py2html.py) (python pretty-printer)
# [docex](docex.html) [(.py)](docex.py) (unit test / example module; similar to doctest)
# [yaptu.py](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/yaptu.py) (my version of Martelli's template code)
| **Humor**|
#1 [Gettysburg Powerpoint Presentation](Gettysburg/index.htm) and its [making](Gettysburg/making.html) (slides)
# [April Fools' Day posts](https://peternorvig.medium.com/) (medium.com)
# McSweeney's: [*Gilligan's Island* starring the Bush Administration](http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/plot-synopses-for-episodes-of-a-gilligans-island-remake-starring-members-of-the-bush-administration)
# McSweeney's: [Stories that would be different with cell phones](http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/stories-that-would-have-turned-out-differently-if-the-protagonists-had-had-cell-phones)
#10 [Einstein '05 Performance Review](performance-review.html)
# [Norvig's Law](norvigs-law.html)
# [A Y2K Saga](y10k.html) (fiction)
# [My Speech to the Graduates](speech.html) (commencement address)
# [Familiar and Unfamiliar Quotations](quotations.html) (my favorites)
|
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| **Contact Information**| **Peter Norvig
Director of Research [Google](http://www.google.com)
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
# [Vita / resume](resume.html) including
[online papers](vita.html#pubs); [short bio with photos](bio.html)
# [Me elsewhere on the web](elsewhere.html); [photos I've taken](photos/)
| **Java, Lisp and Python Essays**|
#5 [Paradigms of AI Programming](paip.html) with
[Lisp code](paip/)
#6 [Java IAQ](java-iaq.html) (Infrequently Answered Questions)
#6 [Python IAQ](python-iaq.html) (Infrequently Answered Questions)
#8 [Python for Lisp Programmers](python-lisp.html) (essay)
#11 [JScheme: Scheme implemented in Java](jscheme.html) (free software)
# [(How to Write a (Lisp) Interpreter (in Python))](lispy.html) # [Version 2 (Even Better)](lispy2.html)
# [Lisp: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?](lisp_talk_final.htm)
# [Silk:
A Playful Blend of Scheme and Java](http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/matthias/Scheme2000/) (ps)
# [Lisp as an Alternative to Java](java-lisp.html) (comparison)
# [Lisp Retrospective](Lisp-retro.html) (essay)
# [Tutorial on Good Lisp Programming Style](luv-slides.ps) (ps)
# [Python Accumulation Displays (proposal)](pyacc.html)
# [Solving Every Sudoku Puzzle](sudoku.html) (essay; python)
# [How to Write a Spelling Corrector](spell-correct.html) (essay; python)
# [Analyzing the game of SET](SET.html) (essay; python)
# [An Exercise in Species Barcoding](ibol.html) (essay; python)
| **Other Programming Papers and Presentations**|
# [On Chomsky and the Two Cultures of Statistical Learning](http://norvig.com/chomsky.html)
#4 [Teach Yourself Programming in 10 Years](21-days.html) (essay)
#7 [Design Patterns in Dynamic Languages](design-patterns) (slides)
# [Beal's Conjecture](beal.html) (software, math)
# [Decision Theory: Language of Adaptive
Software](adaptive/index.htm) (slides)
# [Finding and Reusing Programmer's Work](ow.ps) (ps)
# [How to Make
Agents Do the Right Thing](http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~baveja/Demo.html) (demo)
# [Adaptive Software](adapaper-pcai.html) (article)
| **NASA**|
# [Mars Program Reports](http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/mpiat_summary.pdf) (with Tom Young Commission)
# [NASA Project Management Report](ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/reports/2000/MCO_MIB_Report.pdf) (pdf, with Stephenson)
# [Mars Climate Orbiter Failure Report](ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/reports/1999/MCO_report.pdf) (pdf, with Stephenson)
# [NASA Computational Sciences](http://www.ic.arc.nasa.gov) (my former division)
| **Non-Computer Science Essays|
# [Dance Photography](dance-photography.html) (see also [Galapagos Photography](galapagos-photography.html))
# [Reply to Nate Silver's Jungle Primary Post](chart538.html)
# [All we want are the facts, ma'am](fact-check.html) Fact-checking and *The End of Science*
# [Reporters and Parrots](reporters-and-parrots.html) - essay on reporting
# [The Global Climate Change Consensus: My Experiment](oreskes.html)
# [2012 US Presidential Election FAQ](election-faq-2012.html)
# [Warning Signs in Experimental Design and Interpretation](http://norvig.com/experiment-design.html)
# [Evaluating Extraordinary Claims: Mind Over Matter?](prayer.html) |** |
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| --- | --- | --- |
| *Peter Norvig[[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])*
**Logs**: [2012](http://norvig.com/logs/logs12.html),
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"><strong><a href="http://www.cafepress.com/cp/store/store.aspx?storeid=mapsu">The
MAPSU Store is now open! Spread the message with official
merchandise!</a></strong></font></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="left"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><strong>MYTH #1: "Men can pee standing
up"</strong><br>
<br>
<strong>Fact:</strong> The reality is men can NOT pee standing up without getting as much
as a stray drop on the seat or the outside surface of the toilet. Fragmentation of the
urine stream causes particles of urine to dissipate. The larger the distance urine has to
travel, the bigger the dissipation radius gets.<br>
Some of you may say, "No, not me! I can pee through a donut
from 40 feet above!" Well, mister hand-eye coordination, you are probably one of
those people who also never ask for directions. Admitting that you have a problem is half
the battle. At some point in your life you need to ask yourself, "Is it worth it?
What has peeing standing up cost me in my life?"<br>
</font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><img height="394" alt="No Standing"
src="index_files/final.gif" width="396"><br>
</font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><strong>MYTH #2: "It's a victimless
crime."</strong><br>
<br>
<strong>Fact:</strong> Peeing standing up destroys families. Who cleans the bathrooms in
your house? Your mother? Your wife? Even if you clean up after yourself, what happens when
you are a guest at someone's home, over at your friend's house, visiting the inlaws, or
using a public bathroom? Why should someone else have to suffer for your unwillingness to
sit down?</font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><br>
<img height="666" alt="Take a seat for your mother country!"
src="index_files/unclesampee.gif" width="505"></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><strong>TAKE A SEAT</strong><br>
<br>
Once you realize you have a problem, you can concentrate on the solution. Changing a life
long habit may be difficult, that's why we have created a poster to put in your bathroom
as a reminder. The printable version is <a href="http://www.mapsu.org/posters.htm">here</a>.<br>
<br>
<strong>TAKE ACTION</strong><br>
<br>
Our goal is to transform the way the world goes to the bathroom by year 201</font></font><font face="Verdana" size="2">2</font><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica"><font face="Verdana" size="2">. Become an
activist and educate your friends by referring them to our website.<br>
<br>
Educate your friends and protect your bathroom at the same time! Our printable poster
attacks the problem at the root. The printable version is <a href="posters.htm">here</a>.<br>
<br>
If you run a website, big or small, you can join our <a href="yellow.htm">Yellow Ribbon
Campaign</a>, by placing a yellow ribbon on your website and linking it to MAPSU.</font></p>
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**MYTH #2: "It's a victimless
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<HTML>
<!--This file created 8:41 PM 9/12/99 by Claris Home Page version 3.0 modified September 15, 2011-->
<HEAD>
<title>Latitude: The Art and Science of Fifteenth-Century Navigation</title>
<meta name="description" description="Portugese sailors and scientists invented latitude sailing and the science of celestial navigation when they tackled the South Atlantic in the fifteenth century." content="">
<META
NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="maps,sailing, navigation, latitude, cartography, history of science, history of maps, history of navigation,Portugal">
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor ="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#0000B3" >
<P>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH="80%"
align="center">
<TD VALIGN=top WIDTH=133> <P><FONT SIZE="+2" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>Latitude</B></FONT> <BR>
</P>
<P> <BR>
<FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>Changed <BR>
Knowledge<BR>
of the<BR>
World</B></FONT> </P>
<P><A HREF="traditional.html"><IMG SRC="test0.GIF" ALT="Come sail with me to learn more" WIDTH=105 HEIGHT=150 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>What<BR>
Changed<BR>
</B></FONT></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><IMG SRC="sailor_toon.gif" ALT="Ahoy There! All this changed!" WIDTH=28 HEIGHT=32 ALIGN=bottom> </B></FONT></P></TD>
<td width="69">
<TD VALIGN=top WIDTH=508>
<TABLE width="508">
<TR>
<TD width="317"> <center>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Without
Latitude </font>
</center>
<p align="center"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1"> In
1440 European Sailors Only Knew</font> </TD>
<TD width="177"> <P><a href="azores.html"><img border="0" src="images/lgsepiamod_small.jpg" width="151" height="123"></a></P></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD> <H3>
<CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> But With
Latitude</FONT>
</CENTER>
</H3>
<H3>
<CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> In 1516
They Knew</FONT>
</CENTER>
</H3></TD>
<TD> <P>
<A HREF="frag.html"><IMG SRC="Mag_lat.GIF" ALT="How Accurately Did They Know the World in 1516?" WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=136 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<p> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1" > Once latitude could be established accurately, ships could sail the entire world. Precise longitude was far less important.<a href="myth_longit.html" style='text-decoration: none;'>*</a> </font></p>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=4>
<TR>
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<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="measure.html"><IMG SRC="astrolcopy.gif" ALT="Measuring Latitude" WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=29 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="compass.html"><IMG SRC="compass5.gif" ALT="Compasses on Maps" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="magnet.html"><IMG SRC="Earth_ma.gif" ALT="Earth's Magnetism" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="ship.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ships</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center WIDTH=66> <P><A HREF="beacon.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Beacons</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="maps.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Maps</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="measure.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Latitude</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="compass.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Compass</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
</FONT><A HREF="compass.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Roses</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="magnet.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Earth's
Magnetism</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="traditional.html"><IMG SRC="barcapez2.GIF" ALT="Traditional Navigation" WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD WIDTH=66> <CENTER>
<A HREF="science.html"><IMG SRC="123.gif" ALT="Science of Navigation" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="coastal.html"><IMG SRC="shelf.gif" ALT="Traditional Coastal Navigation" WIDTH=29 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="ocean.html"><IMG SRC="surfa.gif" ALT="Ocean Currents" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="weather.html"><IMG SRC="rain.gif" ALT="Weather on the Oceans" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="chart2.html"><IMG SRC="chart2.gif" ALT="Approximating Longitude" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></CENTER></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="traditional.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Traditional
Sailing</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD WIDTH=66> <CENTER>
<A HREF="science.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Science
of Sailing</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="coastal.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Coastal
Navigation</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="ocean.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ocean
Currents</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="weather.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ocean
Weather</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
<TD> <CENTER>
<A HREF="chart2.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Longitude</FONT></A></CENTER></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="astro.html"><IMG SRC="starsight.gif" ALT="Traditional Celestial Navigation" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center WIDTH=66> <P><A HREF="http://math.rice.edu/~polking/cartography/"><IMG SRC="math2.gif" ALT="Mathematics of Maps" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="calend.html"><IMG SRC="SHADOW_CAL.GIF" ALT="Solar Calendars" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=middle></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="site_map.html"><IMG SRC="albatross.jpg" ALT="Site Map" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="net.html"><IMG SRC="connec.gif" ALT="Resources on the Net by Subject" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32 X-CLARIS-USEIMAGEWIDTH X-CLARIS-USEIMAGEHEIGHT BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="learn.html"><IMG SRC="school.gif" ALT="Learning Page" WIDTH=28 HEIGHT=36 BORDER=0 ALIGN=bottom></A></P></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="astro.html"><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Polynesian
Astronomy</font></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center WIDTH=66> <P><A HREF="http://math.rice.edu/~polking/cartography/"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Math
in Maps</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="calend.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Calendars</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="site_map.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif">Site
Map</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="net.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Net
Resources</FONT></A></P></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center> <P><A HREF="learn.html"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Learning
Page</FONT></A></P></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<table width="512">
<tr>
<td height="61" align="center"></font><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">
Patricia Seed <br>
<font size="-2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">© 1998-2011 </font><br></td>
<!--<p><font size="-2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Portuguese
Latitude Scale circa 1516</font><font size="-2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
(blue/red rectangles, approx. double actual size) -->
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<br>
<font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Comments</font>
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<p><font size="-2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">sepia
maps © </font><br>
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<td><font size="-2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Why
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|
Latitude: The Art and Science of Fifteenth-Century Navigation
**Latitude**
**Changed
Knowledge
of the
World**
[Come sail with me to learn more](traditional.html)
**What
Changed**
**Ahoy There! All this changed!** |
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
Without
Latitude
In
1440 European Sailors Only Knew | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
But With
Latitude
In 1516
They Knew
|
[How Accurately Did They Know the World in 1516?](frag.html) |
Once latitude could be established accurately, ships could sail the entire world. Precise longitude was far less important.[\*](myth_longit.html)
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Ships](ship.html) | [Beacons](beacon.html) | [Maps](maps.html) | [Measuring Latitude](measure.html) | [Compasses on Maps](compass.html) | [Earth's Magnetism](magnet.html) |
| [Ships](ship.html) | [Beacons](beacon.html) | [Maps](maps.html) | [Latitude](measure.html) | [Compass](compass.html)
[Roses](compass.html) |
[Earth's
Magnetism](magnet.html) |
| [Traditional Navigation](traditional.html) |
[Science of Navigation](science.html) |
[Traditional Coastal Navigation](coastal.html) |
[Ocean Currents](ocean.html) |
[Weather on the Oceans](weather.html) |
[Approximating Longitude](chart2.html) |
|
[Traditional
Sailing](traditional.html) |
[Science
of Sailing](science.html) |
[Coastal
Navigation](coastal.html) |
[Ocean
Currents](ocean.html) |
[Ocean
Weather](weather.html) |
[Longitude](chart2.html) |
| [Traditional Celestial Navigation](astro.html) | [Mathematics of Maps](http://math.rice.edu/~polking/cartography/) | [Solar Calendars](calend.html) | [Site Map](site_map.html) | [Resources on the Net by Subject](net.html) | [Learning Page](learn.html) |
| [Polynesian
Astronomy](astro.html) | [Math
in Maps](http://math.rice.edu/~polking/cartography/) | [Calendars](calend.html) | [Site
Map](site_map.html) | [Net
Resources](net.html) | [Learning
Page](learn.html) |
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
Patricia Seed
© 1998-2011 | |
Comments
Comments
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maps ©
[Huntington
Library](http://www.huntington.org)
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| |
| | Why
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| http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/ |
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<a href="theruin.html"><img id="enter" src="images/enter_0034.gif"/></a>
<p>
You are now exiting the information superhighway.<br/>
Welcome to THE WORLD WIDE RUIN!
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<p>The World Wide Ruin is a member of the <a href="coalition.html" style="color:white"><b>Coalition of Epic Sites!</b></a></p>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130905063219fw_/http://ethanisawesomeandyouknowit.webs.com/" target="_blank"><img src="images/epicgamermoment/left.png"></a>
<a href="coalition.html" target="_top"><img src="images/epicgamermoment/bigf.png"></a>
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</html> |
Enter the Ruin
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[](theruin.html)
You are now exiting the information superhighway.
Welcome to THE WORLD WIDE RUIN!
The World Wide Ruin is a member of the [**Coalition of Epic Sites!**](coalition.html)
[](https://web.archive.org/web/20130905063219fw_/http://ethanisawesomeandyouknowit.webs.com/)
[](coalition.html)
[](https://notsoelitehaxor.blogspot.com/)
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| http://ethanhasa.website/worldwide/ruin/ |
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<h1 style="text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-weight: bold;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Old English Text MT";"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Find
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<p style="font-weight: bold;" class="Kheading"><span style=""><a href="authors.htm"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: rgb(83, 129, 53); text-decoration: none;">Author
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<h1 style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;" lang="EN-GB"></span><a name="titre2"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Old English Text MT";">About
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;" lang="EN-GB">The Ex-Classics project was founded in 2000 to
fill an unmet need. When reading the blurb etc. to a book by
Charles Dickens or Charlotte Bronte, say, we would often come
across sentences like "Favourite reading included . . ." </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;" lang="EN-GB">If it's good enough for them, it's
good enough for us. So off we go to the library or bookshop, to be met
first with blank stares and then with the information that the book has
been out of print for decades. Our first two books were <span style="font-style: italic;">Gil Blas </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Hudibras,</span> which are
prime examples of this<span style="font-style: italic;">. </span>
This web site is dedicated to rescuing these works from obscurity and
making them available online, both for reading directly, and for
downloading.</span></p>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><big><big><font style="color: rgb(46, 116, 181); font-family: Old English Text MT;" size="+1"><big><big><span style="font-size: 24pt;" lang="EN-GB">Book of the
Month -- December 2023</span></big></big></font><span style="font-family: Old English Text MT;"> </span></big></big><br>
</h1>
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<p class="Kheading">
<a href="https://www.exclassics.com/camden/camdenintro.htm"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Camden's Britannia</span></a>
<p class="Kheading" align="center"><a href="https://www.exclassics.com/camden/camdenintro.htm"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 300px; height: 463px;" alt="Portrait of William Camden" title="Portrait of William Camden" src="camden/camdenbom.jpg"></a></p>
<span style=""><span style=""> </span></span><span style=""><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><span style=""></span>First published in Latin in 1586,
this immense tome was the first guidebook and gazetteer of Britain, or
"chorography" in the language of the time. Camden has described every
town and village, castle and mansion, earthwork and ruin in Britain. He spent
several years in research. He learned Welsh (which he calls British) and
Anglo-Saxon, and travelled over all England. In his own words "I have
conferred with most skilful observers in each county
. I have been diligent in
the records of this realm. I have looked into most libraries, registers and
memorials of churches, cities and corporations, I have <span class="SpellE">pored</span>
upon many an old roll and evidence". He continued to produce expanded
editions throughout his life. In this he was helped by his day job as <span class="SpellE">Clarenceux</span> King of Arms, i.e. chief herald of England south
of the Trent, which gave him access to documentation going back to the Norman
Conquest and even before. A best-seller in Latin, it was soon translated into
English, and was immensely popular.</span></b></span><span style=""><b style="">. <o:p></o:p></b></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<span style=""></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> <span style=""></span>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style=""><a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="Book%20of%20the%20Month%20Index.htm">Previous BOMs</a></span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><font style="color: rgb(46, 116, 181);" size="+1"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Old English Text MT;">What do you think?</span>
</span></b></font><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;" lang="EN-GB">Any comments about this site or its contents<span class="GramE">?</span> E-mail us (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; color: rgb(84, 130, 53);"><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><span style="color: rgb(84, 130, 53); text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-GB">Click here</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;" lang="EN-GB">) We have an occasional newsletter - please say
if you want to be added to the mailing list. We never give out your
details to spammers, or anyone else, for that matter. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><a style="color: rgb(46, 116, 181); font-family: Old English Text MT;" name="titre9"><span style="font-size: 18pt;" lang="EN-GB"></span><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;" lang="EN-GB">No-Copyright
notice</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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which are clearly marked where they occur.] We expect this policy to be
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from everyone. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; color: rgb(84, 130, 53);" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.exclassics.com/ripoff.htm"><span style="color: rgb(84, 130, 53); text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-GB">An example of what we mean</span></a>.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; color: rgb(84, 130, 53);"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h1 style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Old English Text MT";">Extras<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class="Kheading"><a name="titre6"></a><a name="titre7"><span style=""><span style=""><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="bookworm1" style='width:93pt; height:145.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="bookworm.jpg" o:title="bookworm1"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="bookworm.jpg" alt="Max Adeler contemplating the Patent Office Report, by Arthur B. Frost" title="Max Adeler contemplating the Patent Office Report, by Arthur B. Frost" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" border="0" height="194" width="124"><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style=""><span style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="Kheading"><span style=""><span style=""></span></span><a href="newbooks.htm"><span style=""><span style=""><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: rgb(83, 129, 53); text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-GB">Latest Additions</span></span></span><span style=""></span></a><span style=""><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="Kheading"><span style=""><span style=""></span></span><a href="inprep.htm"><span style=""><span style=""><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: rgb(83, 129, 53); text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-GB">In Preparation</span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="Kheading"><span style=""><a name="titre8"></a></span><a href="others.htm"><span style=""><span style=""><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; color: rgb(83, 129, 53); text-decoration: none;" lang="EN-GB">Ex-classics at Other Web Sites</span></span></span></a><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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The Ex-Classics Web Site Main Page
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| Find
Books
Detail from Lithograph by Alexander Ver Huell
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[Facebook Page](https://www.facebook.com/exclassics/) | [The Ex-Classics Web Site](http://www.exclassics.com/) The Reader, by Alexander Ver Huell, c. 1880
About
Us
The Ex-Classics project was founded in 2000 to
fill an unmet need. When reading the blurb etc. to a book by
Charles Dickens or Charlotte Bronte, say, we would often come
across sentences like "Favourite reading included . . ." If it's good enough for them, it's
good enough for us. So off we go to the library or bookshop, to be met
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Book of the
Month -- December 2023
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[Camden's Britannia](https://www.exclassics.com/camden/camdenintro.htm)
[Portrait of William Camden](https://www.exclassics.com/camden/camdenintro.htm)
**First published in Latin in 1586,
this immense tome was the first guidebook and gazetteer of Britain, or
"chorography" in the language of the time. Camden has described every
town and village, castle and mansion, earthwork and ruin in Britain. He spent
several years in research. He learned Welsh (which he calls British) and
Anglo-Saxon, and travelled over all England. In his own words "I have
conferred with most skilful observers in each county
. I have been diligent in
the records of this realm. I have looked into most libraries, registers and
memorials of churches, cities and corporations, I have pored
upon many an old roll and evidence". He continued to produce expanded
editions throughout his life. In this he was helped by his day job as Clarenceux King of Arms, i.e. chief herald of England south
of the Trent, which gave him access to documentation going back to the Norman
Conquest and even before. A best-seller in Latin, it was soon translated into
English, and was immensely popular.****.**
[Previous BOMs](Book%20of%20the%20Month%20Index.htm)
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Max Adeler contemplating the Patent Office Report, by Arthur B. Frost
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<CENTER><FONT SIZE=6><B>FOVICKS</B></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=4>
<B>F</B>riends
<B>O</B>f
<B>V</B>ast
<B>I</B>ndustrial
<B>C</B>oncrete
<B>K</B>afkaesque
<B>S</B>tructures
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<UL>
<!--
Brought to you by PIAOWMOBC (<I>Pave It All Over With Miles Of
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<FONT SIZE=+2>T</FONT>his is my photo journal of industrial photographs I've taken of
the Los Angeles River flood control channel.
<P>
As an amateur 'Industrial Archaeologist', I love the LA River as a bizarre
curiosity. Many groups have formed in attempt to
beautify or revert the "river" to a previous state. But I like it
<U><I>the way it is</I></U>; a weird, massive concrete flood control channel.
<P>
This unusual structure is testimony to the local geology, seasonal rains,
and the vast urbanization of the LA area.
It is mainly the urbanization in the 20's and 30's which
severely modified the drainage of the Los Angeles basin
and San Fernando Valley, creating the immediate need for the
necessarily large, ominous flood control system that we see today.
<P>
Before flood control, the deceptively quiescent river
transformed into a wild torrent during seasonal floods, and like a
renegade river, would jump its banks, carving out new random meandering
riverbeds throughout Los Angeles,
killing people, destroying highways, businesses, residences and livestock.
<P>
Also, the ability for the ground soil to
naturally absorb flood waters was decreased so dramatically due to the
urbanization of LA, that water runoff was increased to several times
that of the original natural flood levels. So much so, that at its mouth
in Long Beach, the LA River's flood waters were once measured to exceed
the normal flow of the Mississippi through St. Louis.
</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH=40%>
LA flood control is a complex system of hundreds of debris basins in the
surrounding canyons, secondary regulating dams, storm drains, paved control channels,
and specially constructed streets that act as secondary storm drains.
<P>
After decades of failed attempts using unpaved culverts, levees and the like,
the 'river' has finally been fully controlled by paving it all over with
portland cement. There simply is no going back to a dirt bottom river
without removing the town around it.
<P>
The river itself seems unnecessarily large to the casual onlooker,
as it always appears to be empty. The truth is, during floods it becomes
quite full, transforming into an enormous <a href="http://seriss.com/people/erco/fovicks/roll4/pic00001.jpg">violent</a> water highway.
When empty, it is a monument to its purpose; exposed raw civil
engineering for all to see, if one cares to look closely enough.
Hell, there are even
<A HREF="http://www.labikepaths.com/LARiver.html">bike paths</A>
around it now.
<P>
I like the LA River in its current state for the same reason I like
deserted airports, industrial plazas, railroad tracks, and other vast
structures that boldly stand for years on end in zen silence. Some people get
the same feeling standing in Joshua Tree State Park, at the Grand Canyon,
or atop the Empire State Building.
<P>
This photo sequence starts at the beginning of the LA River (in Calabasas)
and travels to its end in Long Beach.
<P>
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<P><B>-- Work In Progress --</B><P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00021.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-21<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif"><B>The Start of the LA River</B><BR>
The damn thing officially starts here, where Arryo Calabasas<I>(left)</I>
meets Bell Creek <I>(right)</I>, near the intersection of Basset and
Owensmouth, in Canoga Park.
<P>
Hope you weren't expecting forests and humming birds..
<P>
Looking West, this is the intersection of two creeks
that officially marks the beginning of "The LA River".
According to <A HREF="http://www.placesnamed.com/C/a/canoga_park.asp">this</A>,
the elevation of this area is about 795' above sea level.
<P>
Knowing the ocean to be approx. 50 miles (264000 feet) downstream,
assuming the grade were even, the average drop of the river bed would
be ~15.9 feet per mile. Given that, what's the grade angle?
<P>
Let's see, I haven't done trig in a while..
eh, "the SOHCAHTOA indians lived in right angle teepees",
so "Sine is Opposite over Hypotenuse", um..
<P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="gifs/lar-angle.gif"></CENTER>
<P>
..an average grade of .2 degree (2/10ths of a degree), which doesn't
sound like much, but water doesn't need much of grade to move.
Try balancing a sheet of water on a pane of glass, and see how
close to 0 degrees you have to be to keep it from rapidly spilling..!
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00022.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-22<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif"><B>Extension Wall</B><BR>
Where the two 'creeks' meet, a very
<a href="gifs/lar-construction-confluence-wall.jpg"
title="Edward Koehn, Chief of flood control design for the LA district, explains improvements for the Tujunga Wash confluence model to colleagues, 1948. Courtesy of the Los Angeles Public Library. ">conscious effort</a>
was made to extend a common wall projecting downstream. This is the prominent
web-like projection in the above photo. This same construction can be seen
at other points in the river where other rivers intersect it. I believe
the name for this is a 'training wall', presumably to 'train' the currents
in the two intersecting rivers to meet at high capacity without the waters
vaulting the banks due to turbulence.
<P>
During heavy floods, these rivers are designed to operate very close to full
capacity (run almost to the top), and water speeds increase dramatically as
the water runs down from the canyons. These web like constructions appear to
prevent large wakes from forming where the two currents join. In my experience,
when two currents join, if they are at even subtle angles to each other, they
cause cross-currents that create large diagonal wakes that can vault at the
opposite banks. This could then carve away the dirt retaining the river walls,
which could undermine the wall construction and create a wild meander of the flood
waters into the streets.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00023.jpg" WIDTH=480 HEIGHT=640>1-23<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif">Large amounts of moss and sediment build up, probably due
to the fact that here, neither creek has a 'slot' to channel
the water to move it more quickly. So it lays flat and stagnates.
The Bell Creek (right) has a small 'guide' which attempts to channel the water
along the western wall, but if that's its intent, it doesn't seem to be working
well.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00024.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-24<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif"><B>Sewer Outlet with surveyor's distance marker</B><BR>
The "1420+15" distance marker written in stencil above sewer outlet near
Calabasas/Bell merge shows it's 142015 feet (almost 30 miles) from here to
the downstream northeast corner of Griffith Park, where the river makes a 90
degree turn south to the ocean as it meets the Verdugo Wash. Another 30 miles
south, the river finally ends in Long Beach harbor at Terminal Island.
<P>
During floods, the paved sections of the LA River can move water
at speeds as high as 45 miles per hour.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00025.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-25<BR>
<IMG SRC="roll1/reseda-opass-upstream.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-rou<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif"><B>LA River, upstream side of Reseda overpass supports, facing south.</B><P>
Water flows to the left (east). Note tapered stanchions on the side
facing oncoming water. Presumably tapering allows the speeding oncoming water
more time to displace around the supports, reducing backflow, vertical wake,
and overall wear on the concrete supports from floating debris
(which would slide along the tapers, rather than crash headlong
into strictly vertical supports).
<P>
From what I've seen, when large items like tree limbs or telephone poles
float along in flood waters cross-wise, they hit these tapered edges, causing the item
to slide along onto it, and "see-saw" such that one side of the item ends up in the air,
the other in the current, causing the current to pull and re-orient the item length-wise
so the current can then pull it under the bridge so it can float on through, avoiding
the creation of a cross-wise debris-dam.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/reseda-opass-downstream.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-rod<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif"><B>LA River, <I>downstream</I> side of same overpass, looking north.</B><P>
Supports on the downstream side are simple vertical sections.
Imagine if this were the upstream side, and a floating
telephone pole were to crash into these vertical supports,
the concrete would take the full brunt of the force, possibly
cracking it, leading to a failure of the bridge's supports.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00003.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-03<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif">
View from Reseda overpass looking downstream (east).
Reseda Recreation Area above right.
<P>
Birds are attracted to stagnating water (center/left)
as it travels across the sloping riverbed
from the sewer outlets to the central 'slot'.
<P>
The river bed here is solid and smooth, but "V" shaped walls
are made from a rough cement-and-stone composite, giving
it the appearance of 'dirt' (extreme right). Not sure
if the intention here was intentionally a cosmetic one,
or simply lack of time/budget, or practical for easy walking
down the banks without slipping. My guess is the latter.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00005.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-05<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif">Close up of 'slot'. Water appears clean. This hairy
plantlife is found throughout the river.
<P>
Not sure what the small downstream-facing diagonal groove is.
A few inches in width, and mirrored on either side of the slot,
these groves repeat every 50 feet or so at this section of the river.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00007.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-07<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif">Close up of one of the Reseda overpass supports.
Rough river wall of composite material can be seen in
upper right. Rounded top of support shows striation,
revealing construction technique.
<P>
The "1214+80" is a surveyor's mark indicating this section is
121480 feet
(1214 x 100 + 80 = 121400 + 80 = 121480)
from some point downstream, probably where the river ends, or where it
joins into a larger river.
<P>
These marks are posted all along the river walls of the entire
LA flood control system, the two numbers together indicating a
'station number' ("twelve fourteen plus eighty"), a common surveyor
notation. These numbers are used for linear measurements along
civil works projects such as pipelines and highways which can be
curved; the numbers mark linear coordinates along the project's
'Baseline' (which runs down the center of the project), a referent
for all elements along its length.
<P>
These numbers appear directly above storm drains, in the center
of overpasses, or in some places, every ~500 feet along the bare
walls (eg. 300+0, 305+00). The right hand number is always two
digits, 00-99.
<P>
Sometimes there are decimal numbers, eg. "300+20.50", where the
.50 means 6 inches, the fractional part of a foot.
<P>
At times I've seen things like: "115+20 o/s -30", where "o/s" means
"offset", and the number that follows being a left/right position
*perpendicular* to the baseline in the horizontal dimension;
+ being right of center, - being left of center. So in the case
of the LA River, that number would mean a point 11520 feet upstream
from the 0+00 mark, and a position 30 feet to the left of the center
of the river looking upstream, such as a position on the left wall.
<P>
<IMG SRC="roll1/pic00008.jpg" WIDTH=640 HEIGHT=480>1-08<BR>
<IMG SRC="gifs/up.gif">
<B>Aliso Canyon Wash / LA River merge.</B><BR>
Near Yolanda and Haynes, Reseda.
Taken from a pedestrian bridge (next photo).
<P>
The intersection of the two rivers is graphically
quite literal; the Aliso river cross-section is exactly
cleaved by the sloping wall of the LAR. Cool, visually.
The Aliso is slotted too, with a strict rectangular
cross section as opposed to the LAR's "V" slot.
<P>
The Aliso, a significantly smaller 'wash', enters the
middle of the river wall, presumably to prevent backflow.
Surprisingly, the Aliso doesn't just get deeper as it approaches
the river, simplifying vehicle access between the beds.
If you look closely, you can see they went out of their way
to put vehicle ramps on either side of the slot
to allow vehicle access between the two rivers.
<P>
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Friends Of Vast Industrial Concrete Kafkaesque Structures (FOVICKS)
body { font-family: arial, helvetica; }
**FOVICKS**
**F**riends
**O**f
**V**ast
**I**ndustrial
**C**oncrete
**K**afkaesque
**S**tructures
| | |
| --- | --- |
| This is my photo journal of industrial photographs I've taken of
the Los Angeles River flood control channel.
As an amateur 'Industrial Archaeologist', I love the LA River as a bizarre
curiosity. Many groups have formed in attempt to
beautify or revert the "river" to a previous state. But I like it
*the way it is*; a weird, massive concrete flood control channel.
This unusual structure is testimony to the local geology, seasonal rains,
and the vast urbanization of the LA area.
It is mainly the urbanization in the 20's and 30's which
severely modified the drainage of the Los Angeles basin
and San Fernando Valley, creating the immediate need for the
necessarily large, ominous flood control system that we see today.
Before flood control, the deceptively quiescent river
transformed into a wild torrent during seasonal floods, and like a
renegade river, would jump its banks, carving out new random meandering
riverbeds throughout Los Angeles,
killing people, destroying highways, businesses, residences and livestock.
Also, the ability for the ground soil to
naturally absorb flood waters was decreased so dramatically due to the
urbanization of LA, that water runoff was increased to several times
that of the original natural flood levels. So much so, that at its mouth
in Long Beach, the LA River's flood waters were once measured to exceed
the normal flow of the Mississippi through St. Louis.
|
LA flood control is a complex system of hundreds of debris basins in the
surrounding canyons, secondary regulating dams, storm drains, paved control channels,
and specially constructed streets that act as secondary storm drains.
After decades of failed attempts using unpaved culverts, levees and the like,
the 'river' has finally been fully controlled by paving it all over with
portland cement. There simply is no going back to a dirt bottom river
without removing the town around it.
The river itself seems unnecessarily large to the casual onlooker,
as it always appears to be empty. The truth is, during floods it becomes
quite full, transforming into an enormous [violent](http://seriss.com/people/erco/fovicks/roll4/pic00001.jpg) water highway.
When empty, it is a monument to its purpose; exposed raw civil
engineering for all to see, if one cares to look closely enough.
Hell, there are even
[bike paths](http://www.labikepaths.com/LARiver.html)
around it now.
I like the LA River in its current state for the same reason I like
deserted airports, industrial plazas, railroad tracks, and other vast
structures that boldly stand for years on end in zen silence. Some people get
the same feeling standing in Joshua Tree State Park, at the Grand Canyon,
or atop the Empire State Building.
This photo sequence starts at the beginning of the LA River (in Calabasas)
and travels to its end in Long Beach.
|
| | |
| --- | --- |
| - | |
|
---
**-- Work In Progress --**
1-21
**The Start of the LA River**
The damn thing officially starts here, where Arryo Calabasas*(left)*
meets Bell Creek *(right)*, near the intersection of Basset and
Owensmouth, in Canoga Park.
Hope you weren't expecting forests and humming birds..
Looking West, this is the intersection of two creeks
that officially marks the beginning of "The LA River".
According to [this](http://www.placesnamed.com/C/a/canoga_park.asp),
the elevation of this area is about 795' above sea level.
Knowing the ocean to be approx. 50 miles (264000 feet) downstream,
assuming the grade were even, the average drop of the river bed would
be ~15.9 feet per mile. Given that, what's the grade angle?
Let's see, I haven't done trig in a while..
eh, "the SOHCAHTOA indians lived in right angle teepees",
so "Sine is Opposite over Hypotenuse", um..
..an average grade of .2 degree (2/10ths of a degree), which doesn't
sound like much, but water doesn't need much of grade to move.
Try balancing a sheet of water on a pane of glass, and see how
close to 0 degrees you have to be to keep it from rapidly spilling..!
1-22
**Extension Wall**
Where the two 'creeks' meet, a very
[conscious effort](gifs/lar-construction-confluence-wall.jpg "Edward Koehn, Chief of flood control design for the LA district, explains improvements for the Tujunga Wash confluence model to colleagues, 1948. Courtesy of the Los Angeles Public Library. ")
was made to extend a common wall projecting downstream. This is the prominent
web-like projection in the above photo. This same construction can be seen
at other points in the river where other rivers intersect it. I believe
the name for this is a 'training wall', presumably to 'train' the currents
in the two intersecting rivers to meet at high capacity without the waters
vaulting the banks due to turbulence.
During heavy floods, these rivers are designed to operate very close to full
capacity (run almost to the top), and water speeds increase dramatically as
the water runs down from the canyons. These web like constructions appear to
prevent large wakes from forming where the two currents join. In my experience,
when two currents join, if they are at even subtle angles to each other, they
cause cross-currents that create large diagonal wakes that can vault at the
opposite banks. This could then carve away the dirt retaining the river walls,
which could undermine the wall construction and create a wild meander of the flood
waters into the streets.
1-23
Large amounts of moss and sediment build up, probably due
to the fact that here, neither creek has a 'slot' to channel
the water to move it more quickly. So it lays flat and stagnates.
The Bell Creek (right) has a small 'guide' which attempts to channel the water
along the western wall, but if that's its intent, it doesn't seem to be working
well.
1-24
**Sewer Outlet with surveyor's distance marker**
The "1420+15" distance marker written in stencil above sewer outlet near
Calabasas/Bell merge shows it's 142015 feet (almost 30 miles) from here to
the downstream northeast corner of Griffith Park, where the river makes a 90
degree turn south to the ocean as it meets the Verdugo Wash. Another 30 miles
south, the river finally ends in Long Beach harbor at Terminal Island.
During floods, the paved sections of the LA River can move water
at speeds as high as 45 miles per hour.
1-25
1-rou
**LA River, upstream side of Reseda overpass supports, facing south.**
Water flows to the left (east). Note tapered stanchions on the side
facing oncoming water. Presumably tapering allows the speeding oncoming water
more time to displace around the supports, reducing backflow, vertical wake,
and overall wear on the concrete supports from floating debris
(which would slide along the tapers, rather than crash headlong
into strictly vertical supports).
From what I've seen, when large items like tree limbs or telephone poles
float along in flood waters cross-wise, they hit these tapered edges, causing the item
to slide along onto it, and "see-saw" such that one side of the item ends up in the air,
the other in the current, causing the current to pull and re-orient the item length-wise
so the current can then pull it under the bridge so it can float on through, avoiding
the creation of a cross-wise debris-dam.
1-rod
**LA River, *downstream* side of same overpass, looking north.**
Supports on the downstream side are simple vertical sections.
Imagine if this were the upstream side, and a floating
telephone pole were to crash into these vertical supports,
the concrete would take the full brunt of the force, possibly
cracking it, leading to a failure of the bridge's supports.
1-03
View from Reseda overpass looking downstream (east).
Reseda Recreation Area above right.
Birds are attracted to stagnating water (center/left)
as it travels across the sloping riverbed
from the sewer outlets to the central 'slot'.
The river bed here is solid and smooth, but "V" shaped walls
are made from a rough cement-and-stone composite, giving
it the appearance of 'dirt' (extreme right). Not sure
if the intention here was intentionally a cosmetic one,
or simply lack of time/budget, or practical for easy walking
down the banks without slipping. My guess is the latter.
1-05
Close up of 'slot'. Water appears clean. This hairy
plantlife is found throughout the river.
Not sure what the small downstream-facing diagonal groove is.
A few inches in width, and mirrored on either side of the slot,
these groves repeat every 50 feet or so at this section of the river.
1-07
Close up of one of the Reseda overpass supports.
Rough river wall of composite material can be seen in
upper right. Rounded top of support shows striation,
revealing construction technique.
The "1214+80" is a surveyor's mark indicating this section is
121480 feet
(1214 x 100 + 80 = 121400 + 80 = 121480)
from some point downstream, probably where the river ends, or where it
joins into a larger river.
These marks are posted all along the river walls of the entire
LA flood control system, the two numbers together indicating a
'station number' ("twelve fourteen plus eighty"), a common surveyor
notation. These numbers are used for linear measurements along
civil works projects such as pipelines and highways which can be
curved; the numbers mark linear coordinates along the project's
'Baseline' (which runs down the center of the project), a referent
for all elements along its length.
These numbers appear directly above storm drains, in the center
of overpasses, or in some places, every ~500 feet along the bare
walls (eg. 300+0, 305+00). The right hand number is always two
digits, 00-99.
Sometimes there are decimal numbers, eg. "300+20.50", where the
.50 means 6 inches, the fractional part of a foot.
At times I've seen things like: "115+20 o/s -30", where "o/s" means
"offset", and the number that follows being a left/right position
\*perpendicular\* to the baseline in the horizontal dimension;
+ being right of center, - being left of center. So in the case
of the LA River, that number would mean a point 11520 feet upstream
from the 0+00 mark, and a position 30 feet to the left of the center
of the river looking upstream, such as a position on the left wall.
1-08
**Aliso Canyon Wash / LA River merge.**
Near Yolanda and Haynes, Reseda.
Taken from a pedestrian bridge (next photo).
The intersection of the two rivers is graphically
quite literal; the Aliso river cross-section is exactly
cleaved by the sloping wall of the LAR. Cool, visually.
The Aliso is slotted too, with a strict rectangular
cross section as opposed to the LAR's "V" slot.
The Aliso, a significantly smaller 'wash', enters the
middle of the river wall, presumably to prevent backflow.
Surprisingly, the Aliso doesn't just get deeper as it approaches
the river, simplifying vehicle access between the beds.
If you look closely, you can see they went out of their way
to put vehicle ramps on either side of the slot
to allow vehicle access between the two rivers.
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<span class="style2">Iasos is also one of the original founders of "New Age" music.</span></span></FONT></p>
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<p><span class="style2"><b> </b><font color="#0000A0"><b><font color="#0000A0"><b><a href="#top"><img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a></b></font></b></font> <font color="#0000A0"><a href="https://iasos.com/news/Salathooslia/" target="_blank">Major <strong>new music </strong>piece - just released! "<em>The Garden of Salathooslia</em>"</a> </font></span></p>
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Music</a></b><br>
<font color="#0000A0"> LIsten to <span class="style60">excerpts</span> of the music <br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/videoclp"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<b><a href="https://iasos.com/videoclp/index.html">Video - Let's See the
Videos</a><br>
</b> Videos of </font><span class="style60">excerpts</span> <font color="#0000A0">of our DVDs. <br>
Videos of Iasos performing live</font>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/functlst/"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a><b>
<a href="https://iasos.com/functlst/index.html">Product Selection Assistant</a> - </b><span class="style53">What's in it for me?</span><b><a href="https://iasos.com/functlst/"><br>
</a></b><font color="#0000A0"> <span class="style52">Recommending
specific products <br>
based on your intended use & purpose</span></font> </span></p>
<p><span class="style2"><br>
<br>
<font color="#0000A0"><b><a href="https://iasos.com/quotes"><img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> <a href="https://iasos.com/quotes/index.html">Quotes
about his music</a> <br>
</b> From
well-known people & organizations, <br>
and also unsolicited customer-feedback</font> <br>
<br>
</span></p>
<p><a name="fun"></a> </p>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" height="37">
<tr>
<td width="232" background="Gold-7-brite6.jpg" height="26">
<div align="center"><span class="style22"><font color="#500097">other </font><font color="#500097">FUN
STUFF </font></span></div>
</td>
<td width="251" height="26">
<div align="right"><font color="#CC0033" size="3"><b> </b></font> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><font size="3"><font color="#0000A0"> <br>
</font></font><font color="#0000A0"><span class="style2"> <a href="https://iasos.com/metaphys"><img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<b><a href="https://iasos.com/metaphys/index.html">Interesting Metaphysical/Spiritual Information</a> <br>
</b> Encapsulated-Wisdom and Insight from numerous sources <br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/artists"><img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> <b><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/index.html">Visionary Artists Gallery</a></b><br>
<font color="#0000A0"> Experience the Art of the Visionary Master Artists of our age.</font> <br>
Also </span><span class="style24"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/index.html">Visionary Art Treasures</a></span></font> <span class="style2"><font color="#0000A0">(originals) <a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/index.html"><strong>for Purchase</strong></a> <br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/articles/#Articles"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<b><a href="https://iasos.com/articles/index.html">Articles, Interviews, & Talks by Iasos</a><br>
</b> Text, Video, & Audio<b><br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/audioclp/"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<a href="https://iasos.com/audioclp/index.html">Music - Let's Hear the Music</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/videoclp"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<a href="https://iasos.com/videoclp/index.html">Video - Let's See the Videos</a></b></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font color="#0000A0"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists"> <img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a></font> <strong><a href="https://iasos.com/news/" target="_blank">Newsletter</a></strong><br>
Always LOTS of fun stuff here! <br>
<br>
<br>
<font color="#0000A0"><b> <a href="https://iasos.com/links"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<a href="https://iasos.com/links/index.html">Links</a><u><a href="https://iasos.com/links"><br>
</a></u> </b><font color="#0000A0">Exciting,
valuable, informative, and fun links we'd love to share </font><br>
<br>
</font></span></p>
<p><a name="iasos"></a> </p>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" height="37">
<tr>
<td width="232" background="Gold-7-brite6.jpg" height="26">
<div align="center"><span class="style22"><font color="#500097">about </font><font color="#500097">IASOS</font></span></div>
</td>
<td width="251" height="26">
<div align="right"><font color="#CC0033" size="3"><b> </b></font> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br>
<span class="style2"> <font color="#0000A0"><b><a href="https://iasos.com/bioresum/"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a></b></font> <a href="https://iasos.com/upcoming/"><strong>Upcoming events with Iasos</strong></a> <br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/spurpose/"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a>
<font color="#0000A0"><b><a href="https://iasos.com/spurpose/index.html">Statement
of Purpose</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/bioresum/"> <img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> <a href="https://iasos.com/public-concerts/">Concerts<br>
</a> <br>
<br>
</b><a href="https://iasos.com/articles/#Interviews"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a><b>
<a href="https://iasos.com/services/index.html">Workshops, & other events offered by Iasos</a><u><br>
</u>
</b><font color="#0000A0">Workshops,</font> multi-media events, & playshop<br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a href="https://iasos.com/articles/#Articles"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a></b> <b><a href="https://iasos.com/articles/index.html">Articles, Interviews, & Talks by Iasos</a><br>
</b> Text, Video, & Audio<br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a href="https://iasos.com/bioresum/"><img src="Greenjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> <a href="https://iasos.com/bioresum/index.html">Biography, Resume, & Discography</a> <br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/quotes"><img src="Turqsjwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> <a href="https://iasos.com/quotes/index.html">Quotes about his music</a> <br>
</b> From well-known people & organizations, <br>
and also unsolicited customer-feedback<br>
<br>
<br>
<font color="#0000A0"><b><a href="https://iasos.com/articles/#Articles"> <img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a></b> <b><a href="https://iasos.com/private-concerts/" target="_blank">Private Iasos Concerts</a></b></font></font></span><font color="#0000A0"><font color="#0000A0"><b> <br>
<br>
</b></font></font></p>
<p><a name="email"></a></p>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" height="37">
<tr>
<td width="232" background="Gold-7-brite6.jpg" height="26">
<div align="center" class="style22"><font color="#500097">CONTACT</font></div>
</td>
<td width="251" height="26">
<div align="right"><font color="#CC0033" size="3"><b> </b></font> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><span class="style2"><b><font color="#0000A0"><br>
<a href="Mailto:%[email protected]"><img src="Prpljwl.gif" height=13 width=13 border="0"></a> Email: <img src="ea-18.gif" width="142" height="17" align="absmiddle"> </font></b><font color="#0000A0"> </font></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table border="7" align="center" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="5" bordercolor="#82FFFF" background="/Gold-7-brite6.jpg">
<tbody>
<tr nowrap="">
<td background="Aqua88.jpg"><center>
<p class="style19"><span class="style178">MAILING LIST</span><font size="2"><br>
</font><span class="style179"><br>
If you would like to be email-notified of future <strong>Newsletters</strong><br>
or live events with Iasos, or new music releases, click on "SUBSCRIBE": </span></p>
<p><span class="style179"><span class="style174"><span class="style175"><a href="https://682a5235.sibforms.com/serve/MUIEAHMSWEdbNyP3gLAQEvRIo2kjFwbS0QHvg0tXyKCMe9MYnwtUYrKGZJjuvFvKGKGgMNAj08zePLvvmtUtvnE-h2u7AB1x4GDVy_RexXE3_GY83XXHzmcHTWO2lbqrITv8mIf5lQ8_se56eD2RLD5a0Cz-jwjkR49OQeaFvv55NZOPHEOtWxCP2nQ51B7A_U7Tsz-t5Xtslvcq" target="_blank">SUBSCRIBE</a></span></span></span><span class="style2"><span class="style174"><br>
</span></span><span class="style18"><br>
These Newsletters are not only about my events & products.<br>
They primarily consist of many positive & uplifting things <br>
and information from all over the world. <br>
(Check out my latest <a href="https://iasos.com/news/" target="_blank"><strong>Newsletter</strong></a>.)</span></p>
<p><span class="style119">I typically send out an emailing about once or twice a year.<br>
We <em><strong>never</strong></em> give your email address to anyone - <em>ever</em>! <br>
And (of course) you can unsubscribe at any time. </span></p>
</center>
<center>
<div align="left"></div>
</center></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p align="center"><a name="Terms"></a><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990><br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/policies/TermsAndConditions.htm" target="_blank"><span class="style2"><br>
</span></a><span class="style2"><strong>Download</strong> Iasos' music from <strong> <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/iasos/id5099292" target="_blank">iTunes</a></strong> or <strong><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1/187-6656235-9864654?url=search-alias=aps&field-keywords=iasos" target="_blank">Amazon</a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center"><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990></p>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P><span class="style2"><span class="style181"><a href="https://iasos.com/donate/">DONATE</a><br>
</span><span class="style50">(by PayPal, Venmo, Debit or Credit Card, Zelle, or Crypto)</span></span><strong></strong><em><em><strong><span class="style2"><br>
<br>
</span></strong><span class="style198">Thank you!</span></em><br>
<br>
</em><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" WIDTH=990 HEIGHT=12 align="middle"></P>
<P class="style22">Follow Us </P>
<table width="972" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="158"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/iasos.iasos" target="_blank"><img src="Follow=Facebook.jpg" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></div></td>
<td width="146"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/IasosVideos" target="_blank"><img src="Follow=YouTube.jpg" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></div></td>
<td width="159"><div align="center"><a href="https://iasos.bandcamp.com/follow_me" target="_blank"><img src="bandcamp.jpg" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></div></td>
<td width="163"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/iasos" target="_blank"><img src="Follow=LinkedIn.png" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></div></td>
<td width="167"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/iasos_celestial_music/" target="_blank"><img src="Follow=Instagram.jpg" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></div></td>
<td width="155"><div align="center"><span class="style22"><a href="https://twitter.com/iasoscom" target="_blank"><img src="Follow=Twitter.jpg" width="130" height="45" border="0"></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="style2">Note! If you want Iasos to actuallly <em><strong>read</strong></em> your messages to him, recommend using <em>only</em> email: <img src="ea-18.gif" width="142" height="17" align="absmiddle"><br>
<span class="style50">(Message left on these social networks are not read.)
</span> </p>
<P><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990></P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#FF1AFF"><span class="style2"><A HREF="#top">Top of PAGE</A> <A HREF="#menu">Top
of DETAILED MAIN MENU</A></span> </FONT></B></P>
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<table width="782" border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#2F0183" bgcolor="#000000">
<tr>
<td width="205"><div align="center"><span class="style22"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="artists/art-treasures/heavensbackdoor-250.jpg" width="203" height="250" border="1"></a><span class="style46">John Lawton Cullison </span></span></div></td>
<td width="280" nowrap background="Gold-7-brite6.jpg"><p align="center"><span class="style6"><span class="style19"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank">Original Art Treasures </a></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style19">by many of the contemporary<br>
Masters of Visionary Art </p>
<p align="center" class="style19">available for purchase</p></td>
<td width="253"><div align="center"><span class="style5"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="artists/art-treasures/PrimevalAwakening-250.jpg" width="251" height="250" border="1"></a><span class="style47">Gilbert Williams </span></span></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="artists/art-treasures/DiscoveryCove=250.jpg" width="523" height="250" border="1"></a><br>
<span class="style22"><span class="style46">John Mason </span></span></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="artists/art-treasures/VenusTriumphant-250.jpg" width="164" height="250" border="1"></a><br>
<span class="style46">Andrew Annenberg </span> </div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<TABLE width="679">
<TR>
<TD><CENTER>
<p><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990></p>
<TABLE width="992" BORDER=6 CELLPADDING=6 background="../../Gold-7-brite6.jpg" >
<TR background="Gold-7-brite6.jpg">
<TD width="374" valign="top">
<CENTER class="style22">
<P><a href="https://iasos.com/crystals/" target="_blank"><img src="crystals/LisaShot3=tiny.jpg" width="374" height="250" border="0" align="top"></a></P>
</CENTER></TD>
<TD width="206" valign="middle" class="style22"><P align="center" class="style22"><FONT COLOR="#0000A0"><span class="style29"><a href="https://iasos.com/crystals/" target="_blank">Museum-Grade Crystals</a> </span></FONT></P>
<P align="center"><span class="style29"><FONT COLOR="#0000A0">For your Palace</FONT></span></P>
<P align="center"> </P></TD>
<TD width="350" valign="top" class="style22"><P align="center" class="style22"><a href="https://iasos.com/crystals/" target="_blank"><img src="crystals/BigCrystal-tiny.jpg" width="350" height="251" border="0" align="top"></a></P></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<p><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990><br>
<a name="7f" id="7f"></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.washingtontech.edu/paralegal.html" target="_blank"><strong>Online Paralegal Certificate Programs </strong></a> from WTI </p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.excelhighschool.com/full-time-courses.html" target="_blank"><strong>Online High School<br>
</strong></a><strong><br>
<a href="https://www.northgateacademy.com" target="_blank">Christian Homeschool Online</a></strong></p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.4kdownload.com/howto/howto-download-youtube-playlist" target="_blank"><span class="style3"><strong>Youtube</strong> Playlist <strong>Downloader</strong></span></a></p>
<p align="center">Leading voucher code website <a href="https://www.dealsplanet.co.uk/" target="_blank"><strong>DealsPlanet</strong></a></p>
<p align="center"><strong><a href="https://rapidessay.com/research-paper-writing-service.html" target="_blank">Rapid Essay</a></strong> is your best research paper.</p>
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<p align="center"> </p>
<p><a name="contact"></a><IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990></p>
<p class="style49">Contact</p>
<table width="57%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<td width="53%" valign="top" nowrap><span class="style2"><span class="style12"><b>Web Site: </b><a href="https://iasos.com">iasos.com</a> <br>
<strong>Email</strong>: </span><img src="ea-18.gif" width="142" height="17"><br>
<span class="style12"> <br>
</span></span></td>
<td width="47%" valign="top" nowrap><span class="style54"><b>Inter-Dimensional Music<br>
</b>Earth/Gaia - 3rd Dimension <br>
Sol, Milky Way Galaxy </span> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<P> <IMG SRC="GreekMotif.GIF" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=990><br>
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Celestial Heavenly Inter-Dimensional Music
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Welcome......to.....
and
The Realms of Celestial Music
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[New](#new) | [Products](#products) | [Video](https://iasos.com/videoclp/index.html) | [Music](https://iasos.com/audioclp/index.html) | [Workshops](https://iasos.com/services/#workshops2) | [Iasos](https://iasos.com/#iasos) | [Upcoming Events](https://iasos.com/upcoming/index.html) | [Fun Stuff](#fun) | [| Visionary Gallery](https://iasos.com/artists/index.html) | [Metaphysical Info](https://iasos.com/metaphys/index.html) | [Contact](#contact) [|](https://iasos.com/artists/index.html)
[Detailed Main Menu](#menu)
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Iasos
(pronounced ya' sos)
is a **Music Creator**. This site specializes in
celestial, heavenly, inter-dimensional,
higher consciousness Music & Visuals.
Iasos is also one of the original founders of "New Age" music.
More recently, he has also been focusing on creating celestial **visuals**.
In this site you will find **music, colors, video, visionary images,
and information & knowledge**- all relevant to
those "tuned" to the heavenly realms.
This site may be of special interest to those that cherish Beauty and prefer Love, Happiness, & Ecstasy.
I intend that this site be an Oasis for your Soul in Cyberspace.
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
Detailed Main Menu
| |
| --- |
| Menu Categories
what's [NEW](#new)
our [PRODUCTS](#products)
other [FUN STUFF](#fun)
about [IASOS](#iasos)
[Contact](#email)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
| Menu Details |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| what's NEW | |
[Major **new music** piece - just released! "*The Garden of Salathooslia*"](https://iasos.com/news/Salathooslia/)
[Iasos' first-ever full **Concert in Greece!** - October 27, 2023](https://iasos.com/upcoming/#athens)
[**HUGE price drop** on 1 Gilbert Williams painting for sale](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page2.html#marin)
**[**My latest NEWSLETTER**](https://iasos.com/news/) is out!**
"**[Imaginational Resonance](https://vimeo.com/manage/videos/719508995)**" - a technique for raising your vibrations
**[Listen to full versions of any of my songs for free - at BandCamp](http://iasos.bandcamp.com/)
**[New originals of Visionary Art Masterpieces available for purchase](https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/index.html)****
| | |
| --- | --- |
| our PRODUCTS | |
[**Listen for free** to any Song or Album](https://iasos.com/download-tracks/index.html) of Iasos' music
[**Stream** or **Download** any Song or Album](https://iasos.com/download-tracks/index.html)
Get *only* the tracks you want
[Buy his **CDs** or **DVDs**.](http://kunaki.com/MSales.asp?PublisherId=133167&PP=1)
**[Brief Over-View of our
products](https://iasos.com/brefview/index.html)**
**[Detailed Listing
of our Products](https://iasos.com/detalist/index.html)**
**[Music - Let's Hear the
Music](https://iasos.com/audioclp/index.html)**
LIsten to excerpts of the music
**[Video - Let's See the
Videos](https://iasos.com/videoclp/index.html)** Videos of excerpts of our DVDs.
Videos of Iasos performing live.
**[Product Selection Assistant](https://iasos.com/functlst/index.html) -** What's in it for me? Recommending
specific products
based on your intended use & purpose
**[Quotes
about his music](https://iasos.com/quotes/index.html)** From
well-known people & organizations,
and also unsolicited customer-feedback
| | |
| --- | --- |
| other FUN
STUFF | |
**[Interesting Metaphysical/Spiritual Information](https://iasos.com/metaphys/index.html)** Encapsulated-Wisdom and Insight from numerous sources
**[Visionary Artists Gallery](https://iasos.com/artists/index.html)**
Experience the Art of the Visionary Master Artists of our age.
Also [Visionary Art Treasures](https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/index.html) (originals) [**for Purchase**](https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/index.html)
**[Articles, Interviews, & Talks by Iasos](https://iasos.com/articles/index.html)** Text, Video, & Audio**[Music - Let's Hear the Music](https://iasos.com/audioclp/index.html)
[Video - Let's See the Videos](https://iasos.com/videoclp/index.html)**
**[Newsletter](https://iasos.com/news/)**
Always LOTS of fun stuff here!
**[Links](https://iasos.com/links/index.html)**Exciting,
valuable, informative, and fun links we'd love to share
| | |
| --- | --- |
| about IASOS | |
[**Upcoming events with Iasos**](https://iasos.com/upcoming/)
**[Statement
of Purpose](https://iasos.com/spurpose/index.html)
[Concerts](https://iasos.com/public-concerts/)****[Workshops, & other events offered by Iasos](https://iasos.com/services/index.html)** Workshops, multi-media events, & playshop
**[Articles, Interviews, & Talks by Iasos](https://iasos.com/articles/index.html)** Text, Video, & Audio
**[Biography, Resume, & Discography](https://iasos.com/bioresum/index.html)
[Quotes about his music](https://iasos.com/quotes/index.html)** From well-known people & organizations,
and also unsolicited customer-feedback
**[Private Iasos Concerts](https://iasos.com/private-concerts/)**
| | |
| --- | --- |
| CONTACT | |
**Email:** |
|
| |
| --- |
|
MAILING LIST
If you would like to be email-notified of future **Newsletters**
or live events with Iasos, or new music releases, click on "SUBSCRIBE":
[SUBSCRIBE](https://682a5235.sibforms.com/serve/MUIEAHMSWEdbNyP3gLAQEvRIo2kjFwbS0QHvg0tXyKCMe9MYnwtUYrKGZJjuvFvKGKGgMNAj08zePLvvmtUtvnE-h2u7AB1x4GDVy_RexXE3_GY83XXHzmcHTWO2lbqrITv8mIf5lQ8_se56eD2RLD5a0Cz-jwjkR49OQeaFvv55NZOPHEOtWxCP2nQ51B7A_U7Tsz-t5Xtslvcq)
These Newsletters are not only about my events & products.
They primarily consist of many positive & uplifting things
and information from all over the world.
(Check out my latest [**Newsletter**](https://iasos.com/news/).)
I typically send out an emailing about once or twice a year.
We ***never*** give your email address to anyone - *ever*!
And (of course) you can unsubscribe at any time.
|
**Download** Iasos' music from **[iTunes](http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/iasos/id5099292)** or **[Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1/187-6656235-9864654?url=search-alias=aps&field-keywords=iasos)**
[DONATE](https://iasos.com/donate/)
(by PayPal, Venmo, Debit or Credit Card, Zelle, or Crypto)**Thank you!**
Follow Us
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Note! If you want Iasos to actuallly ***read*** your messages to him, recommend using *only* email: 
(Message left on these social networks are not read.)
**[Top of PAGE](#top) [Top
of DETAILED MAIN MENU](#menu)**
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| John Lawton Cullison | [Original Art Treasures](https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/)
by many of the contemporary
Masters of Visionary Art
available for purchase | Gilbert Williams |
|
John Mason |
Andrew Annenberg |
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| [Museum-Grade Crystals](https://iasos.com/crystals/)
For your Palace
| |
[**Online Paralegal Certificate Programs**](https://www.washingtontech.edu/paralegal.html) from WTI
[**Online High School**](https://www.excelhighschool.com/full-time-courses.html)**[Christian Homeschool Online](https://www.northgateacademy.com)**
[**Youtube** Playlist **Downloader**](https://www.4kdownload.com/howto/howto-download-youtube-playlist)
Leading voucher code website [**DealsPlanet**](https://www.dealsplanet.co.uk/)
**[Rapid Essay](https://rapidessay.com/research-paper-writing-service.html)** is your best research paper.
[**My homework done**](https://myhomeworkdone.com/) helps students get their assignments completed.
Only at professional [**writing services**](https://ewritingservice.com/) your paper will be done right.
Contact
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Web Site:**[iasos.com](https://iasos.com)
**Email**:
| **Inter-Dimensional Music**Earth/Gaia - 3rd Dimension
Sol, Milky Way Galaxy |
|
| https://iasos.com/ |
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Pac-Man is an arcade game developed by Namco and distributed in the U.S. by Midway, first released in Japan on May 22, 1980. Immensely popular in the United States from its original release to the present day, PacMan is universally considered as one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. The point of this whole game is to eat all pills in the maze while you avoid the ghosts. Eat a power-pill to be abled to eat ghosts (when they turn blue). Since not all games on this site have those same rules it can depend on the game, but this was in short how it's played.
<!--
<br><br>
Get the original Pacman! <a style="color:#FFFFFF;" target="_blank" href="https://www.bigfishgames.com/download-games/6585/pacman/index.html?channel=affiliates&identifier=af8346714d90" rel="nofollow"><img src="img/dl.png">Download</a>
-->
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<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="https://www.medalgames.com" title="Game achievements">Medal Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="http://www.flashracegames.com">Flash Race Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="http://www.kingofmahjong.com" title="King of Mahjong">Mahjong Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="https://www.penguingames.info">Penguin Games</a>
<br>
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="http://666games.net">Violent Flash Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="http://www.playsportgames.org">Play Sports Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="https://www.b4games.com" title="B4 Games">Web Games</a> -
<a class="bottomlinks" target="_blank" href="https://www.playfootballgames.org" title="American Football games online">Play Football Games</a>
</td>
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© <a class="bottomlinks" href="http://www.flashpacman.info">flashpacman.info</a> 2023 - The rights for all games belong to their respective owners. - <a class="bottomlinks" href="privacy.php">privacy policy</a>
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Flash Pacman - play free online flash pacman games
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| | | |
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|
| |
| --- |
|
Pac-Man is an arcade game developed by Namco and distributed in the U.S. by Midway, first released in Japan on May 22, 1980. Immensely popular in the United States from its original release to the present day, PacMan is universally considered as one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. The point of this whole game is to eat all pills in the maze while you avoid the ghosts. Eat a power-pill to be abled to eat ghosts (when they turn blue). Since not all games on this site have those same rules it can depend on the game, but this was in short how it's played.
|
| |
| --- |
| [Medal Games](https://www.medalgames.com "Game achievements") -
[Flash Race Games](http://www.flashracegames.com) -
[Mahjong Games](http://www.kingofmahjong.com "King of Mahjong") -
[Penguin Games](https://www.penguingames.info)
[Violent Flash Games](http://666games.net) -
[Play Sports Games](http://www.playsportgames.org) -
[Web Games](https://www.b4games.com "B4 Games") -
[Play Football Games](https://www.playfootballgames.org "American Football games online") |
|
© [flashpacman.info](http://www.flashpacman.info) 2023 - The rights for all games belong to their respective owners. - [privacy policy](privacy.php)
| http://www.flashpacman.info/ |
<html>
<head>
<title>Game Industry Experience</title>
</head>
<body>
<blockquote>
<font face="Arial">
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 width=80% ALIGN=CENTER>
<tr><td>
Morgan McGuire is a game consultant and researcher. He can be
reached at [email protected].
</td></tr>
</table>
<h1>Games</h1>
I've worked on several professional, indie, and hobby game titles for
the PC platform since 1994. These range from classic Windows 3.1
shareware and through current-day DirectX and OpenGL titles. I have
also been fortunate to track development efforts at other companies
through many friends in the industry.
<P>
Looking back at the older games, the surprise is not just how far the PC has
come but how similar the fundamental aspects of game development
remain. We still divide development effort across installers,
configuration screens, in-house tools, and the "fancy" graphics of the
day. We still seek ways to extend game time and optimize game play.
And we still seek the twist on classic gaming themes that will capture
players' imaginations.
<P>
Below is a journal-style list of commercial projects (both released and
unreleased) that I worked on; you may also be interested in <A HREF="http://www.cs.brown.edu/~morgan/SIGGRAPH/home.html">articles</A> on game development or <a href="http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/games/">games research</a>.
<hr noshade>
<h1><a href="http://www.ironlore.com">Iron Lore</a></h1>
Titan Quest is a AAA action role-playing game to be published by THQ in 2006.
The game is set in the mythical worlds
of ancient Greece and Egypt from new developer Iron Lore Entertainment.
Iron Lore was co-founded by Age of Empires co-creator Brian Sullivan.
<h3><A HREF="http://titanquestgame.com">Titan Quest</a></h3>
Win32. To be released 2006.
<BR>
<a href="TitanQuest/cyclops.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/cyclops.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/egypt.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/egypt.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/farm.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/farm.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/dock.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/dock.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/relic.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/relic.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/sea.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/sea.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="TitanQuest/woods.jpg"><img src="TitanQuest/woods.jpg" height=80 border=0></a>
<a href ="titanquest_012406_001_wmvhigh.wmv">[Movie]</a>
<P>
The Titans, gods before the gods, have escaped from their eternal
prison to wreak havoc on the world. In this titanic struggle between
old and new gods it is the heroes of humankind who will ultimately
determine the fate of all existence. The player quests throughout the
ancient world in a race to uncover the secrets needed to once again
imprison these ancient gods. Journeying to fabled locations such as
the Parthenon, the maze at Knossos, the Great Pyramids, and the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the player will have to overcome
terrifying monsters and mythical beasts.
<P>
A flexible class system allows almost limitless ways for the player to
develop their character. Skills can be customized in many ways, and
never become obsolete.
<hr noshade>
<h1><a href="http://www.roblox.com">ROBLOX</a></h1>
Indie developer ROBLOX created an on-line building toy similar to Legos.
I worked on graphics and level design. The betas went live in 2005,
and production continues towards the official release in 2006.
<h3>ROBLOX</h3>
Win32 web game prototype 2005
<BR><a href="ROBLOX/pirate.jpg"><img src="ROBLOX/pirate.jpg" height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="ROBLOX/puzzle.jpg"><img src="ROBLOX/puzzle.jpg" height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="ROBLOX/castle.jpg"><img src="ROBLOX/castle.jpg" height=80 border=0/></a>
<hr noshade>
<h1>Blue Axion</h1> I co-founded indie developer Blue Axion in 2000.
We created one tech demo and one playable prototype game. I led
development and managed a team of two programmers, two artists, a game
designer, and a script writer. The company lost funding and ended in
2002.
<h3>Gods and Warriors</h3>
Unreleased Win32/Linux prototype 2002
<br>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/archer.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/archer.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/priest.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/priest.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/spawn-screen.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/spawn-screen.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/dedicated-server.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/dedicated-server.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/wall-building.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/wall-building.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/config.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/config.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/host.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/host.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/GodsAndWarriors.avi"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/video.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=2/></a>
<P>
<i>Early tech-demo shots:</i>
<br><a href="GodsAndWarriors/early-terrain.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/early-terrain.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/early-island.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/early-island.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="GodsAndWarriors/early.jpg"><img src="GodsAndWarriors/early.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<P>
Gods and Warriors is a real-time strategy game where each player
controls a single unit, blending Age of Empires with Battlefield 1942.
(The blending is not just in gameplay; you can see the Age of Empires
artwork used in this in-house prototype!)
<P> In the multi-player only prototype,
up to 32 players on two teams each assume one of five classes
(Builder, Infantry, Pike, Archer, Priest). The builder can construct
walls, buildings, sentry towers, and other structures. The three
military units have different strengths for range vs. melee and
defense. The priest both functions as a support unit and allows the
entire team to move up the technology tree. Horse, chariot, and
elephant mounts allow any unit to become a cavalry unit and cross the
map quickly.
<h3>Freedom Hunter</h3>
Unreleased Win32 tech demo 2001
<br><a href="FreedomHunter/alien-encounter.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/alien-encounter.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/cathedral.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/cathedral.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/glyph-drawing.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/glyph-drawing.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/concept1.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/concept1.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/title1.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/title1.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/cel-test.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/cel-test.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/drones.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/drones.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/training-level-layout.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/training-level-layout.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<a href="FreedomHunter/hillside.jpg"><img src="FreedomHunter/hillside.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<P>
Freedom Hunter is a real-time 3D Anime quest game. The game design uses innovative user input and rendering techniques.
<P>
Uses a unique glyph-drawing system for control. Pushing the mouse
button brings up a circular menu around the selected target. Dragging
towards a menu option selects a circular sub-menu of actions. The
relative locations of actions are consistent throughout the game, so
the player quickly learns to draw various "L"-shapes called glyphs on
screen to perform actions like attacking, communicating, and using
special items. When the player draws a glyph quickly, the menu is
supressed, so the play experience is unhampered by visual UI elements.
The overall feel is similar to using a manual gearshift on a car or
casting magical spells through gestures.
<hr noshade>
<h1>Morgan Systems: 90's Shareware for Win 3.1</h1>
Morgan Systems was the shareware company I ran while at MIT in the era
when Windows 3.1 was on everyone's desktop and most games were still
written for DOS. Our primary distribution medium was AOL, where as
one of the only quality shareware providers our titles received about
one million downloads total. I wrote code and drew most of the artwork;
other college friends did some additional 3D modelling, playtesting, and
contributed music.
<P>
Shareware provides two great experiences. The first is close
interaction with customers. The second is taking a product from idea
through shipping in only a few months. The process experience I
gained at scoping a software product, making it reliable on a wide
range of end-user machines, creating installers and documentation, and
marketing the software has proved applicable throughout my career.
<h3>Lithium</h3>
Unreleased Win16 game 1999
<br><a href="Lithium/lithium.jpg"><img src="Lithium/lithium.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0/></a>
<h3>Space Blast</h3>
Unreleased Win16 prototype 1998
<br><a href="SpaceBlast/game-menu.gif"><img src="SpaceBlast/game-menu.gif"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="SpaceBlast/spcprev.jpg"><img src="SpaceBlast/spcprev.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<h3>Moru's 3D Internet Chess</h3>
<! img src="Chess/chssttl.jpg"/>
<P>Unreleased Win16 game 2000
<br><a href="Chess/chssprv1.gif"><img src="Chess/chssprv1.gif" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Chess/chssprv2.gif"><img src="Chess/chssprv2.gif" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Chess/chssprv3.jpg"><img src="Chess/chssprv3.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Chess/chssprv4.jpg"><img src="Chess/chssprv4.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Chess/chssprv5.jpg"><img src="Chess/chssprv5.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
Multi-player chess with special controls
<h3>Radon</h3>
Win16 game 1998
<br><a href="Radon/radon.gif"><img src="Radon/radon.gif" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
Tetris-style game
<h3>Pac-Rat</h3>
Win16 game (1998)
<br><a href="PacRat/title.jpg"><img src="PacRat/title.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="PacRat/ingame.jpg"><img src="PacRat/ingame.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="PacRat/register.jpg"><img src="PacRat/register.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
Pac-Man style game. The title screen was my first experiment with
real-time 3D under Windows.
<h3>Zero</h3>
Unreleased Win16 3D Virtual Environment (1996)
<br><a href="Zero/SCRNSHOT.GIF"><img src="Zero/SCRNSHOT.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/SCRNSHO2.GIF"><img src="Zero/SCRNSHO2.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/SCRNSHO3.GIF"><img src="Zero/SCRNSHO3.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/SCRNSHO4.GIF"><img src="Zero/SCRNSHO4.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/SCRNSHO5.GIF"><img src="Zero/SCRNSHO5.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/conf001.GIF"><img src="Zero/conf001.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/conf002.GIF"><img src="Zero/conf002.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Zero/conf004.GIF"><img src="Zero/conf004.GIF" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
A Wolfenstein-like ray caster for real-time 3D environments on 16-bit
Windows. To obtain high performance under the GDI it exclusively uses
variations on the 2D BITBLT routine to create the appearance of 3D
scenes. Unlike Wolfenstein, it supports multiple
elevations and arbitrarily-angled walls.
<h3>Ricochet</h3>
Win16 game 1995
<br><a href="Ricochet/ricottl.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/ricottl.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Ricochet/menu.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/menu.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Ricochet/game.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/game.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Ricochet/instr1.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/instr2.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Ricochet/15.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/15.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Ricochet/levels.jpg"><img src="Ricochet/levels.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
A Breakout-style game with 100 levels, a tilting paddle for extra
control, and 3D rendered backgrounds. Power-ups and features include
extra balls frozen in ice blocks, extra lives,
speed accelerators, indestructible blocks, blocks that slowly crack,
and layouts that encourage trick and banked shots.
<h3>Xenon</h3>
Win16 game 1995
<br><a href="Xenon/title.jpg"><img src="Xenon/title.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Xenon/island.jpg"><img src="Xenon/island.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Xenon/control.jpg"><img src="Xenon/control.jpg"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Xenon/xenon.gif"><img src="Xenon/xenon.gif" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
My brother Max and I wrote this Scorched Earth-style game during a one-week
winter break. The game includes multiple AI levels, support for up to
five players, a map editor, destroyable environments, 12 levels, and
the ability to tunnel under the terrain. We custom coded the UI to
emulate the then-new Win95 look even on older Win 3.1 machines.
<hr noshade>
<h1>Hobby Projects</h1>
<h3>Space Blast</h3>
Unreleased DOS prototype 1990
<br><a href="NightBreed/nightbreed.gif"><img src="NightBreed/nightbreed.gif"/ width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<br>Mouse-controlled platformer.
<h3>Tools</h3>
Win32 GDI 3D library and tools used at Morgan Systems, 1998
<br><a href="Tools/G7Modelling.jpg"><img src="Tools/G7Modelling.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Tools/laser-IDE.jpg"><img src="Tools/laser-IDE.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Tools/laser-2.jpg"><img src="Tools/laser-2.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<a href="Tools/star-lance.jpg"><img src="Tools/star-lance.jpg" width=110 height=80 border=0></a>
<P>
The Laser3D IDE is a full editing environment for coding interactive
3D scenes in a Scheme-like language. The editor supports modern
code-browsing tools and was licensed commercially.
Laser3D used a GDI-based 3D rendering library called "G7" (this
predates Win32 OpenGL!). G7 was the 7th Windows rendering library
I worked on; it is the predecessor to the modern "<A
HREF="http://g3d-cpp.sf.com">G3D</A>" library, although the last lines
of shared code have long since been rewritten.
</blockquote>
</font>
</body>
</html>
|
Game Industry Experience
>
>
>
>
> | |
> | --- |
> |
>
> Morgan McGuire is a game consultant and researcher. He can be
> reached at [email protected].
>
> |
>
>
> # Games
>
>
>
> I've worked on several professional, indie, and hobby game titles for
> the PC platform since 1994. These range from classic Windows 3.1
> shareware and through current-day DirectX and OpenGL titles. I have
> also been fortunate to track development efforts at other companies
> through many friends in the industry.
>
> Looking back at the older games, the surprise is not just how far the PC has
> come but how similar the fundamental aspects of game development
> remain. We still divide development effort across installers,
> configuration screens, in-house tools, and the "fancy" graphics of the
> day. We still seek ways to extend game time and optimize game play.
> And we still seek the twist on classic gaming themes that will capture
> players' imaginations.
>
>
> Below is a journal-style list of commercial projects (both released and
> unreleased) that I worked on; you may also be interested in [articles](http://www.cs.brown.edu/~morgan/SIGGRAPH/home.html) on game development or [games research](http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/games/).
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> # [Iron Lore](http://www.ironlore.com)
>
>
>
> Titan Quest is a AAA action role-playing game to be published by THQ in 2006.
> The game is set in the mythical worlds
> of ancient Greece and Egypt from new developer Iron Lore Entertainment.
> Iron Lore was co-founded by Age of Empires co-creator Brian Sullivan.
>
> ### [Titan Quest](http://titanquestgame.com)
>
>
> Win32. To be released 2006.
>
>
> [](TitanQuest/cyclops.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/egypt.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/farm.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/dock.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/relic.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/sea.jpg)
> [](TitanQuest/woods.jpg)
> [[Movie]](titanquest_012406_001_wmvhigh.wmv)
>
>
> The Titans, gods before the gods, have escaped from their eternal
> prison to wreak havoc on the world. In this titanic struggle between
> old and new gods it is the heroes of humankind who will ultimately
> determine the fate of all existence. The player quests throughout the
> ancient world in a race to uncover the secrets needed to once again
> imprison these ancient gods. Journeying to fabled locations such as
> the Parthenon, the maze at Knossos, the Great Pyramids, and the
> Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the player will have to overcome
> terrifying monsters and mythical beasts.
>
> A flexible class system allows almost limitless ways for the player to
> develop their character. Skills can be customized in many ways, and
> never become obsolete.
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> # [ROBLOX](http://www.roblox.com)
>
>
> Indie developer ROBLOX created an on-line building toy similar to Legos.
> I worked on graphics and level design. The betas went live in 2005,
> and production continues towards the official release in 2006.
>
> ### ROBLOX
>
>
> Win32 web game prototype 2005
>
> [](ROBLOX/pirate.jpg)
> [](ROBLOX/puzzle.jpg)
> [](ROBLOX/castle.jpg)
>
>
> ---
>
>
> # Blue Axion
>
> I co-founded indie developer Blue Axion in 2000.
> We created one tech demo and one playable prototype game. I led
> development and managed a team of two programmers, two artists, a game
> designer, and a script writer. The company lost funding and ended in
> 2002.
>
> ### Gods and Warriors
>
>
> Unreleased Win32/Linux prototype 2002
>
>
> [](GodsAndWarriors/archer.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/priest.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/spawn-screen.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/dedicated-server.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/wall-building.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/config.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/host.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/GodsAndWarriors.avi)
>
> *Early tech-demo shots:*
>
> [](GodsAndWarriors/early-terrain.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/early-island.jpg)
> [](GodsAndWarriors/early.jpg)
>
>
> Gods and Warriors is a real-time strategy game where each player
> controls a single unit, blending Age of Empires with Battlefield 1942.
> (The blending is not just in gameplay; you can see the Age of Empires
> artwork used in this in-house prototype!)
>
> In the multi-player only prototype,
> up to 32 players on two teams each assume one of five classes
> (Builder, Infantry, Pike, Archer, Priest). The builder can construct
> walls, buildings, sentry towers, and other structures. The three
> military units have different strengths for range vs. melee and
> defense. The priest both functions as a support unit and allows the
> entire team to move up the technology tree. Horse, chariot, and
> elephant mounts allow any unit to become a cavalry unit and cross the
> map quickly.
>
> ### Freedom Hunter
>
>
> Unreleased Win32 tech demo 2001
>
>
> [](FreedomHunter/alien-encounter.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/cathedral.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/glyph-drawing.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/concept1.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/title1.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/cel-test.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/drones.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/training-level-layout.jpg)
> [](FreedomHunter/hillside.jpg)
>
>
> Freedom Hunter is a real-time 3D Anime quest game. The game design uses innovative user input and rendering techniques.
>
>
> Uses a unique glyph-drawing system for control. Pushing the mouse
> button brings up a circular menu around the selected target. Dragging
> towards a menu option selects a circular sub-menu of actions. The
> relative locations of actions are consistent throughout the game, so
> the player quickly learns to draw various "L"-shapes called glyphs on
> screen to perform actions like attacking, communicating, and using
> special items. When the player draws a glyph quickly, the menu is
> supressed, so the play experience is unhampered by visual UI elements.
> The overall feel is similar to using a manual gearshift on a car or
> casting magical spells through gestures.
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> # Morgan Systems: 90's Shareware for Win 3.1
>
>
>
> Morgan Systems was the shareware company I ran while at MIT in the era
> when Windows 3.1 was on everyone's desktop and most games were still
> written for DOS. Our primary distribution medium was AOL, where as
> one of the only quality shareware providers our titles received about
> one million downloads total. I wrote code and drew most of the artwork;
> other college friends did some additional 3D modelling, playtesting, and
> contributed music.
>
> Shareware provides two great experiences. The first is close
> interaction with customers. The second is taking a product from idea
> through shipping in only a few months. The process experience I
> gained at scoping a software product, making it reliable on a wide
> range of end-user machines, creating installers and documentation, and
> marketing the software has proved applicable throughout my career.
>
> ### Lithium
>
>
> Unreleased Win16 game 1999
>
> [](Lithium/lithium.jpg)
> ### Space Blast
>
>
> Unreleased Win16 prototype 1998
>
> [](SpaceBlast/game-menu.gif)
> [](SpaceBlast/spcprev.jpg)
> ### Moru's 3D Internet Chess
>
>
>
> Unreleased Win16 game 2000
>
>
> [](Chess/chssprv1.gif)
> [](Chess/chssprv2.gif)
> [](Chess/chssprv3.jpg)
> [](Chess/chssprv4.jpg)
> [](Chess/chssprv5.jpg)
>
> Multi-player chess with special controls
>
> ### Radon
>
>
> Win16 game 1998
>
> [](Radon/radon.gif)
>
> Tetris-style game
>
> ### Pac-Rat
>
>
> Win16 game (1998)
>
> [](PacRat/title.jpg)
> [](PacRat/ingame.jpg)
> [](PacRat/register.jpg)
>
> Pac-Man style game. The title screen was my first experiment with
> real-time 3D under Windows.
>
> ### Zero
>
>
> Unreleased Win16 3D Virtual Environment (1996)
>
>
> [](Zero/SCRNSHOT.GIF)
> [](Zero/SCRNSHO2.GIF)
> [](Zero/SCRNSHO3.GIF)
> [](Zero/SCRNSHO4.GIF)
> [](Zero/SCRNSHO5.GIF)
> [](Zero/conf001.GIF)
> [](Zero/conf002.GIF)
> [](Zero/conf004.GIF)
>
>
> A Wolfenstein-like ray caster for real-time 3D environments on 16-bit
> Windows. To obtain high performance under the GDI it exclusively uses
> variations on the 2D BITBLT routine to create the appearance of 3D
> scenes. Unlike Wolfenstein, it supports multiple
> elevations and arbitrarily-angled walls.
>
>
> ### Ricochet
>
>
> Win16 game 1995
>
> [](Ricochet/ricottl.jpg)
> [](Ricochet/menu.jpg)
> [](Ricochet/game.jpg)
> [](Ricochet/instr1.jpg)
> [](Ricochet/15.jpg)
> [](Ricochet/levels.jpg)
>
>
> A Breakout-style game with 100 levels, a tilting paddle for extra
> control, and 3D rendered backgrounds. Power-ups and features include
> extra balls frozen in ice blocks, extra lives,
> speed accelerators, indestructible blocks, blocks that slowly crack,
> and layouts that encourage trick and banked shots.
>
> ### Xenon
>
>
> Win16 game 1995
>
> [](Xenon/title.jpg)
> [](Xenon/island.jpg)
> [](Xenon/control.jpg)
> [](Xenon/xenon.gif)
>
> My brother Max and I wrote this Scorched Earth-style game during a one-week
> winter break. The game includes multiple AI levels, support for up to
> five players, a map editor, destroyable environments, 12 levels, and
> the ability to tunnel under the terrain. We custom coded the UI to
> emulate the then-new Win95 look even on older Win 3.1 machines.
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> # Hobby Projects
>
>
> ### Space Blast
>
>
> Unreleased DOS prototype 1990
>
> [](NightBreed/nightbreed.gif)
>
> Mouse-controlled platformer.
>
>
> ### Tools
>
>
> Win32 GDI 3D library and tools used at Morgan Systems, 1998
>
>
> [](Tools/G7Modelling.jpg)
> [](Tools/laser-IDE.jpg)
> [](Tools/laser-2.jpg)
> [](Tools/star-lance.jpg)
>
>
> The Laser3D IDE is a full editing environment for coding interactive
> 3D scenes in a Scheme-like language. The editor supports modern
> code-browsing tools and was licensed commercially.
>
> Laser3D used a GDI-based 3D rendering library called "G7" (this
> predates Win32 OpenGL!). G7 was the 7th Windows rendering library
> I worked on; it is the predecessor to the modern "[G3D](http://g3d-cpp.sf.com)" library, although the last lines
> of shared code have long since been rewritten.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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<div align="center"><span class="title"><span class="title">World
War I</span></span></div>
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<!--Column One-->
<td width="50%" valign="top"><img src="images/w101a.jpg" width="45" height="60" hspace="5" align="right"><img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="duke.htm"><B>Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, 1914</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Sopherl, Sopherl, don't die. Stay alive for the children! " The murder that ignited World War One.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="brussels.htm"><B>The German Army Marches Through Brussels, 1914</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"This was a machine, endless, tireless,
with the delicate organization of a watch and the brute power
of a steam roller."</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="airwar1914.htm"><B>The Beginning of Air Warfare, 1914</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Have you got a revolver, old boy? My ammunition's all gone." The beginning of air-to-air combat.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="trenches.htm"><B>Christmas
in the Trenches, 1914</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"We and the Germans met in the middle
of no-man's-land." A spontaneous truce takes over the front
lines during the first Christmas of World War I on the Western
Front.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="gallipoli.htm"><B>Battle At Gallipoli, 1915</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">". . . Had a good supper and nearly finished our water. The last meal poor Jack ever had." The futile attempt to open a new front
and relieve the stalemate in France.</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="fokker.htm"><B>The Birth of the Fighter Plane, 1915</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"I thought of what a deadly accurate stream of lead I could send into the plane." The Dutch inventor of the modern fighter plane takes it on its first trial run in combat.</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="lusitania.htm"><B>The Sinking of the <i>Lusitania</i>, 1915</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Many people must have lost their heads..." View
the destruction of the <i>Lusitania</i> through
the periscope of the submarine that sank her.</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="jutland.htm"><B>The
Battle of Jutland, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"...then came the big explosion." On
board the battle cruiser <i>Queen Mary</i> as she is sunk
during World War I's largest naval battle.</font><p> <img src="images/w106.jpg" width="48" height="79" align="left" border="0"><img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="somme.htm"><B>A Death at the Battle of the Somme, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">He was young, an American, and a poet;
and he joined the French Foreign Legion to defend the country
he loved.</font><br><br clear="all">
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="ambulanceservice.htm"><B>In the American Ambulance Field Service, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Just overhead as the car passes
comes a blasting, shattering crash which is like sudden death." Ride
with the volunteer crew of an American ambulance as it heads
for the French front lines before America's entrance into
WWI.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="tank.htm"><B>The Battlefield Debut of the Tank, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"...lumbering slowly towards us came
three huge mechanical monsters such as we had never seen
before."</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="sub.htm"><B>U-boat Attack, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"I saw that the bubble-track of the
torpedo had been discovered on the bridge of the steamer." Aboard
a German submarine as it attacks and sinks a cargo vessel
in World War I.</font><p> </td>
<!--End Column One-->
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<td width="50%" valign="top">
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="gas.htm"><B>Gas Attack, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"He sank to the ground, clutching at his throat, and after a few spasmodic twistings, went West." In the trenches as the Germans launch the newest innovation in weapons of mass destruction - gas</font><p>
<img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="zeppelin.htm"><B>Death of a Zeppelin, 1916</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"I saw high in the sky a concentrated
blaze of searchlights, and in its centre a ruddy glow which
rapidly spread into the outline of a blazing airship." The
terror of the night skies is shot down over London.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="richthofen.htm"><B>The "Red
Baron" Scores Two Victories, 1917</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"He paid for his stupidity with his
life." Manfred von Richthofen, World War I's highest scoring
air ace, describes a day in combat.</font><p><img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="wilsonwar.htm"><B>America Declares War on Germany, 1917</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"What else can I do?" The dilemma over how to maintain a balance between individual liberty and national security in a time of war is nothing new in American history. President Wilson faced the same problem as he prepared to ask Congress to declare war with Germany.</font><p><img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="torpedoed1917.htm"><B>Torpedoed! 1917</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"When the torpedo struck, there was no mistaking it for anything else." A passenger describes the attack and sinking of his ship by a German submarine.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="matahari.htm"><B>The
Execution of Mata Hari, 1917</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Must I wear that?" she asked as the
blindfold was shown to her. World War One's most famous spy
meets her end.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="luf.htm"><B>Death Of An Air Ace, 1918</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">Major Raoul Lufbery, one of America's
greatest aces, meets a fiery death in air combat.</font><p><img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="beginningofend.htm"><B>The Beginning of the End of World War I, 1918</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"These thirteen Americans performed
a feat never to be forgotten." Four years of stagnation on the Western Front ends as the Germans gamble on a massive offensive on the Western Front and American doughboys enter the fray.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <IMG Width="57" Height="49" Hspace="5" Vspace="5" SRC="images/w105.gif" ALT="Lawrence of Arabia" BORDER=0 align="right"> <A HREF="lawrence.htm"><B>Lawrence of Arabia, 1918</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">Attack on a Turkish column - "Take
no prisoners!"</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="armistice.htm"><B>Armistice
- The End of World War I, 1918</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"...at the front there was no celebration." At
the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month the guns
fell silent and the Great War came to an end.</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="versailles.htm"><B>Signing
the Treaty of Versailles, 1919</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">"Through the
few open windows comes the sound of distant crowds cheering
hoarsely." The curtain falls on the "War to End all Wars."</font><p> <img src="images/dot3.gif" vspace="0" hspace="0" border="0"> <A HREF="unknown.htm"><B>The
Unknown Soldier Comes Home, 1921</B></A><BR>
<font color="3F3F3F">[Sergeant Younger] "circled the caskets three times, then silently placed the flowers on the third casket from the left." America's Unknown Soldier is selected in France.</font><p> </td>
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<td valign="middle"> Learn about America in World War
I in:<br>
<a href="snpwwi.htm"><i>SnapShots: Photographic Gateways
to History - World War I</i></a> </td>
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| [Alexander defeats the Persians, Destruction of Pompeii](awfrm.htm)[The Crusades, The Black Death...](mefrm.htm)[Salem Witch Trials](17frm.htm)[Writing the Declaration of Independence, Battle of Lexington...](18frm.htm)[Escape from slavery, Death of President Garfield..](19frm.htm)[Battle of Gettysburg, Death of Lincoln...](cwfrm.htm)[Custer's Last Stand, The Death of Billy the Kid...](owfrm.htm)[San Francisco Earthquake, Sinking of the Titanic...](20frm.htm) |
| [Death of an air ace, Gas attack...](w1frm.htm)[Attack at Pearl Harbor, D-Day...](w2frm.htm)[Freeze Frame of History](photofrm.htm)[Photographic Gateways to History](snpfrm.htm)[Sounds from the past](vofrm.htm)[Film Clips from the Past](himmenu.htm)[List of Contents](eyindx.htm)[Return to Home Page](index.html) |
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| World
War I |
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| [**Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, 1914**](duke.htm)
"Sopherl, Sopherl, don't die. Stay alive for the children! " The murder that ignited World War One. [**The German Army Marches Through Brussels, 1914**](brussels.htm)
"This was a machine, endless, tireless,
with the delicate organization of a watch and the brute power
of a steam roller."
[**The Beginning of Air Warfare, 1914**](airwar1914.htm)
"Have you got a revolver, old boy? My ammunition's all gone." The beginning of air-to-air combat. [**Christmas
in the Trenches, 1914**](trenches.htm)
"We and the Germans met in the middle
of no-man's-land." A spontaneous truce takes over the front
lines during the first Christmas of World War I on the Western
Front. [**Battle At Gallipoli, 1915**](gallipoli.htm)
". . . Had a good supper and nearly finished our water. The last meal poor Jack ever had." The futile attempt to open a new front
and relieve the stalemate in France.
[**The Birth of the Fighter Plane, 1915**](fokker.htm)
"I thought of what a deadly accurate stream of lead I could send into the plane." The Dutch inventor of the modern fighter plane takes it on its first trial run in combat.
[**The Sinking of the *Lusitania*, 1915**](lusitania.htm)
"Many people must have lost their heads..." View
the destruction of the *Lusitania* through
the periscope of the submarine that sank her.
[**The
Battle of Jutland, 1916**](jutland.htm)
"...then came the big explosion." On
board the battle cruiser *Queen Mary* as she is sunk
during World War I's largest naval battle. [**A Death at the Battle of the Somme, 1916**](somme.htm)
He was young, an American, and a poet;
and he joined the French Foreign Legion to defend the country
he loved.
[**In the American Ambulance Field Service, 1916**](ambulanceservice.htm)
"Just overhead as the car passes
comes a blasting, shattering crash which is like sudden death." Ride
with the volunteer crew of an American ambulance as it heads
for the French front lines before America's entrance into
WWI. [**The Battlefield Debut of the Tank, 1916**](tank.htm)
"...lumbering slowly towards us came
three huge mechanical monsters such as we had never seen
before."
[**U-boat Attack, 1916**](sub.htm)
"I saw that the bubble-track of the
torpedo had been discovered on the bridge of the steamer." Aboard
a German submarine as it attacks and sinks a cargo vessel
in World War I. |
[**Gas Attack, 1916**](gas.htm)
"He sank to the ground, clutching at his throat, and after a few spasmodic twistings, went West." In the trenches as the Germans launch the newest innovation in weapons of mass destruction - gas
[**Death of a Zeppelin, 1916**](zeppelin.htm)
"I saw high in the sky a concentrated
blaze of searchlights, and in its centre a ruddy glow which
rapidly spread into the outline of a blazing airship." The
terror of the night skies is shot down over London. [**The "Red
Baron" Scores Two Victories, 1917**](richthofen.htm)
"He paid for his stupidity with his
life." Manfred von Richthofen, World War I's highest scoring
air ace, describes a day in combat. [**America Declares War on Germany, 1917**](wilsonwar.htm)
"What else can I do?" The dilemma over how to maintain a balance between individual liberty and national security in a time of war is nothing new in American history. President Wilson faced the same problem as he prepared to ask Congress to declare war with Germany. [**Torpedoed! 1917**](torpedoed1917.htm)
"When the torpedo struck, there was no mistaking it for anything else." A passenger describes the attack and sinking of his ship by a German submarine. [**The
Execution of Mata Hari, 1917**](matahari.htm)
"Must I wear that?" she asked as the
blindfold was shown to her. World War One's most famous spy
meets her end. [**Death Of An Air Ace, 1918**](luf.htm)
Major Raoul Lufbery, one of America's
greatest aces, meets a fiery death in air combat. [**The Beginning of the End of World War I, 1918**](beginningofend.htm)
"These thirteen Americans performed
a feat never to be forgotten." Four years of stagnation on the Western Front ends as the Germans gamble on a massive offensive on the Western Front and American doughboys enter the fray. Lawrence of Arabia [**Lawrence of Arabia, 1918**](lawrence.htm)
Attack on a Turkish column - "Take
no prisoners!" [**Armistice
- The End of World War I, 1918**](armistice.htm)
"...at the front there was no celebration." At
the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month the guns
fell silent and the Great War came to an end. [**Signing
the Treaty of Versailles, 1919**](versailles.htm)
"Through the
few open windows comes the sound of distant crowds cheering
hoarsely." The curtain falls on the "War to End all Wars." [**The
Unknown Soldier Comes Home, 1921**](unknown.htm)
[Sergeant Younger] "circled the caskets three times, then silently placed the flowers on the third casket from the left." America's Unknown Soldier is selected in France. |
|
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| [America in WW I](snpwwi.htm) | Learn about America in World War
I in:
[*SnapShots: Photographic Gateways
to History - World War I*](snpwwi.htm) |
|
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| [Ancient World](awfrm.htm) | [Middle Ages/Renassiance](mefrm.htm) | [17th Century](17frm.htm) | [18th Century](18frm.htm) | [19th Century](19frm.htm) | [Civil War](cwfrm.htm) | [Old West](owfrm.htm) | [20th Century](20frm.htm) |
| [World War One](w1frm.htm) | [World War Two](w2frm.htm) | [Photo of the Week](photofrm.htm) | [SnapShots](snpfrm.htm) | [Voices](vofrm.htm) | [History in Motion](himmenu.htm) | [Index](eyindx.htm) | [Home](index.html) |
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<DIV class="head"><B>Welcome to Red Alert Archive - </B><I>the largest Red Alert site on the net!</I></DIV>
<DIV class="body">
<P>
First of all - This site is all about computer video game - Command & Conquer: Red Alert!<BR>
As you already may or may not know, Red Alert is an excellent real-time strategy game.
It was created by Westwood Studios Inc. in 1996 and it still remains one of the top
representatives of the real-time strategy genre.
</P>
<P>
Command & Conquer: Red Alert is, in the site creator's opinion, one of the best games available for PC.
It has pretty nice graphics, interesting gameplay, and it's very fun! You choose either the side of the Allies
or the Soviets. So, wondering how Red Alert happened in the first place? Why don't you read
the amazing <a href="/html/ra/story.html">story</a> behind this game.
</P>
<P>
If you are interested, please scroll down to find news, infos, thousands of maps, utilities, many useful downloads, cheats, etc ...
You can also <a href="/html/ra/download.html">download Red Alert <img src="/images/thumb.gif" border="0" alt=""></a> game for free!
</P>
<P>
<I>
Everything here is FREEware. Always free of advertisments, bloated scripts, cookies, tracking, malware/spyware. And, of course, website is old/retro PC friendly.
</I>
</P>
<P>
<B>Command & Conquer: Red Alert is a product of Westwood Studios. All graphics and resources taken from Red Alert are copyright
of Westwood Studios. This site is not affiliated in any way with Westwood Studios/EA Games.</B>
</P>
<DIV ID="razor_quote">Red Alert shall never die, only the players!</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<TABLE ID="infoTable" cellspacing="0">
<TR>
<TD width="33%" class="head"><img src="/images/news.gif" width="16" height="16" class="tb" alt="new icon"> Latest News</TD>
<TD width="34%" class="head"><img src="/images/ramap.gif" width="16" height="16" class="tb" alt="ramap icon"> Map of the Day</TD>
<TD width="33%" class="head"><img src="/images/poll.gif" width="16" height="16" class="tb" alt="poll icon"> Current Poll</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ID="news_summary">• <a href="/#news_id:288">Looking for old RA stuff</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:287">Russian Convoy mission fixes</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:286">Some small changes</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:285">Forgotten Red Alert</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:284">Aegean Conflict mission fixed</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:283">Map added: Qing-Admiral</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:282">New map: No Man's Land</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:281">New map: The Ultimate Battlefield</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:280">Custom saved games collection</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:279">Testdrive: Stealth Squad mission</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:278">Testdrive: Chrono Destruction</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:277">New maps uploaded</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:276">Testdrive: Die-hard mission [x10]</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:275">RA v3.03 trainer removed</a><br>• <a href="/#news_id:274">Die Hard mission updated</a><br></TD>
<TD ID="mapofday"><SPAN class="title1">dry wars IV</SPAN> <a href="/download.php/maps/d/drywars.zip" title="click to download"><img src="/images/dlicon.gif" border="0" class="tb" alt="dl icon"></a><BR>
• Players: <B>2-8</B><BR>
• Map Size: <B>126 x 64</B><BR>
• Theater: <B>TEMPERATE</B><BR>
• Rules mods: <B>no</B><BR>
• Author: <B>Christopher Alas</B><BR>
• Thumbnail: <BR>
<img src="/images/downloads/maps/d/drywars.gif" alt="map thumbnail">
</TD>
<TD ID="poll"><DIV class="pollHead"><span class="title1">Which mode do you usually play?</span></DIV>
<DIV class="pollBody">
Skirmish<BR>
<img src="/images/poll/blue.gif" width="150" height="10" alt="blue"> 70.3%<BR>
Single player missions<BR>
<img src="/images/poll/green.gif" width="46" height="10" alt="green"> 21.6%<BR>
Multiplayer deathmatch<BR>
<img src="/images/poll/red.gif" width="11" height="10" alt="red"> 5.4%<BR>
Multiplayer cooperative<BR>
<img src="/images/poll/orange.gif" width="5" height="10" alt="orange"> 2.7%<BR>
</DIV>
<DIV class="pollFooter">
Total votes: <b>74</b><BR>
Poll is closed or expired.
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="news"></A>
<A NAME="news_id:288"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Looking for old RA stuff</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 16-May-2019 11:41:49 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
I'm looking for some old Red Alert fan made stuff that were "lost" ~20 years ago and have not yet been found.<BR>There is list:<BR><BR>* Chain Reaction mission by snow_man12<BR>* Kill'em All mission<BR>* FromaRA1 mission by jamgran<BR>* Delta Blast mission by David de Kremer<BR>* Fall of the USSR campaign by FlameWolf<BR><BR>If you have anything from this list, please email me - I will reward you with small amount of $.
</DIV>
</DIV>
<A NAME="news_id:287"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Russian Convoy mission fixes</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Tuesday, 14-May-2019 23:57:57 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Some years ago I found this mission on my ftp server. Mission is made by <b>Goatmessiah</b>. Mission itself is quick and difficult enough. Unfortunately, it was impossible to beat it because mission objective triggers were broken.<BR>Since the author is not interested in his stuff anymore, <a href="http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/fixes/rusconv-fix.mp4" target="_blank" title="arch link">I fixed it myself</a> today and uploaded to the <a href="/html/downloads/missions.html">Missions</a> page.<BR><BR>I also filmed mission test video. You can watch it on YouTube (will be uploaded later) or <a href="http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/rusconv.mp4" target="_blank" title="arch link">Directly</a>.
</DIV>
</DIV>
<A NAME="news_id:286"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Some small changes</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 08-May-2019 11:16:25 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
- Added "Reset Filters" button to the Map search Form.<BR><BR>- Pagination bar located on the bottom of Map Archive pages should look better now.<BR><BR>- Changed site description a bit.<BR><BR>Have a nice play!
</DIV>
</DIV>
<A NAME="news_id:285"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Forgotten Red Alert</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 03-May-2019 14:12:22 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
You may know or not, there are 2 versions of the C&C:Red Alert available for PC: one for DOS with a lower screen resolution (320x200, also known as VGA) for low spec PCs, and second for Windows 95 with higher resolution (640x400) for modern PCs (information is relevant at the date of release). I think it's not difficult for you to guess which version of RA I played in 96-97. ;) Even though the minimum system requirements for DOS version are 486DX2/66MHz and 8Mb RAM, I ran RA on 486SX/33MHz with only 4Mb of memory! It took a very long (about 5 minutes) to start RA on that PC. The game worked very slowly, but was quite playable on small maps with small amount of units.<BR><BR>Recently I assembled PC from various old hardware parts and decided to play the DOS version of RA again... Why not? :)<BR><BR>At the first minutes of gameplay I felt uncomfortable. But after while I got used to good old "pixelized" VGA graphics, and damn, I started to enjoy it! It seems to me that gameplay in such low resolution is much harder, and therefore more interesting (don't know how to say it right). Also it seems that DOS version is more stable than RA95 - I can't remember any hangs or crashes every time I played it.<BR>Overall it was pretty fun experience, like I chronoshifted back in 1996! :)<BR><BR>I filmed gaming process. You can watch it on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDtG0taQKOQ" target="_blank" title="external link">YouTube<img src="/images/extlink.gif" border="0" alt=""></a> or <a href="http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/retropc/dos-aegean-x2.mp4" target="_blank" title="arch link">Directly</a> (better quality, old PC friendly).<BR>The video was speed-ed up x2 to make it shorter. I'm playing at lower game speed because my reaction got slower (aging sucks).
</DIV>
</DIV>
<A NAME="news_id:284"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Aegean Conflict mission fixed</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 02-May-2019 12:45:59 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Hello!<BR>A few months ago I received email from visitor <font color="white"><b>Jeff</b></font>. He said that the single player mission "Aegean Conflict" does not work properly and that he has fixed broken triggers in it. <BR><BR>I checked and played his fixed version last weekend, and I can say it works well! I already uploaded it, so you can <a href="/download.php/missions/aegean_fixed.zip">download</a> and play it too.<BR><BR>I also created a video while playing... I'll post it later. :)<BR><BR>Good job <font color="white"><b>Jeff</b></font>, thank you!
</DIV>
</DIV>
<A NAME="news_id:283"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Map added: Qing-Admiral</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Monday, 03-Dec-2018 14:02:48 +0200
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Hello!<BR><BR>I just uploaded a new map that was sent to me by <font color="white"><b>DutterDutt</b></font>. The author says that the map is for naval battles only against human players, not AI. And also it contains some triggers. I think it should be interesting! (I love maps with triggers ;) ).<BR><BR>The link to new map: <a href="/maps/?name=Qing-Admiral">http://ra.afraid.org/maps/?name=Qing-Admiral</a>
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<span class="title">New map: No Man's Land</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Saturday, 09-Jun-2018 16:55:21 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Many thanks to visitor <b><font color="white">DutterDutt</font></b> and his friend <b><font color="white">Sage</font></b> who made a well-looking map named "No Man's Land" and sent it to archive.<BR><BR>A more map details and download link is located <a href="/maps/?author=Sage%20and%20DutterDutt">here</a>.
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<span class="title">New map: The Ultimate Battlefield</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 26-Jan-2018 23:26:04 +0200
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
I would like to thank visitor <b><font color="white">Jonathan Galletta</font></b> who contributed his own multiplayer map named "The Ultimate Battlefield" to the Red Alert Archive.<BR><BR>Map details and download link is avaible <a href="/maps/?author=Jonathan+Galletta">here</a>.
</DIV>
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<span class="title">Custom saved games collection</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 25-Oct-2017 18:25:58 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Just uploaded some of saved games I made when I played custom missions.<BR>Also I found some other saved games on my old PC. Those saved games were made by my friend long time ago. I uploaded all of them too. Maybe they will interest someone else. :)<BR><BR>The URL where the files are stored: <a href="ftp://ra.afraid.org/pub/redalert/savedgames/custom" target="_blank" title="external link">ftp://ra.afraid.org/pub/redalert/savedgames/custom<img src="/images/extlink.gif" border="0" alt=""></a><BR>Please note, these saved games were made in Red Alert v2.00 (Aftermath), so you will need this version if you want to play them.
</DIV>
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<A NAME="news_id:279"></A>
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<span class="title">Testdrive: Stealth Squad mission</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 25-Oct-2017 18:18:05 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Played this one today. Mission made by <b><font color="white">Pookie</font></b> (what a funny nickname! :)). <BR><BR><video width='640' height='480' poster='/images/misc/ra_video.png' preload='none' controls><source src='http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/ssquad.mp4' type='video/mp4'></video><BR><BR>Quick, not hard, and has something uhmm...unusual. 7/10.
</DIV>
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<span class="title">Testdrive: Chrono Destruction</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Sunday, 30-Apr-2017 10:37:43 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
<pre style='display: inline-block; background: #000000; color: #ffffff; font-size: 11px;'><BR>> select name, author_name from ra_missions<BR>> where is_published=1 and is_reviewed=0<BR>> order by rand() limit 1;<BR>+--------------------+---------------+<BR>| name | author_name |<BR>+--------------------+---------------+<BR>| Chrono Destruction | Aaro Ruohonen |<BR>+--------------------+---------------+<BR>1 row in set<BR></pre><BR><BR>Played this one last night. It's long and similar to <font color="white"><b>Nosferatu</b></font>'s Meanest mission, but much easier. Also I very enjoyed playing for the <font color="orange">Ukrainian</font> side.<BR><BR>PS> Actually I was planning to capture the Chronosphere instead of destroying it, but something went wrong :)<BR>PPS> looks like I beat my personal record for casualties! :><BR><BR><video width='640' height='480' poster='/images/misc/ra_video.png' preload='none' controls><source src='http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/chrono_dest.mp4' type='video/mp4'></video><BR><BR>Forgot to say: thank you <font color="white"><b>Aaro</b></font>!<BR><BR>To be continued...
</DIV>
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<A NAME="news_id:277"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">New maps uploaded</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 27-Apr-2017 13:01:01 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Uploaded 4 high quality mega maps made by <font color="white"><b>MSZP-Reborn</b></font>.<BR>In fact, these maps were uploaded to public ftp somewhere in 2014, but I forgot to check them for some reason.<BR>Forgive me, author. I hope you are not disappointed. Anyway, its always better late than never. ;)<BR><BR>You can grab them from here: <a href="/maps/?author=MSZP-Reborn&size=mega">http://ra.afraid.org/maps/?author=MSZP-Reborn&size=mega</a>
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<span class="title">Testdrive: Die-hard mission [x10]</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 31-Mar-2017 18:22:11 +0300
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
Finally, tested <b>Die-Hard</b> mission, originally created by <b><font color="white">Wilco Engelsman</font></b>. It seem to work fine:<BR>All trigs and teamtypes works as they should without crashing the game. A few 'zombie' units found at the enemy base but this doesn't affect gameplay.<BR>There were 2 freezes during gameplay caused by nVidia GPU or it's driver. With integrated intel GPU Red Alert runs perfectly without any freeze at all. However integrated GPU really sucks(slow), even with slightly old games like TES4,TES5,Starcraft2 and also eats much system memory. Thats why I'm not using it.<BR><BR><video width='640' height='480' poster='/images/misc/ra_video.png' preload='none' controls><source src='http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/diehard.mp4' type='video/mp4'></video><BR><BR><b>Tested on:</b> i5-4690 / Win7x64 PCA=off / Red Alert version 2.00<BR><b>Music track:</b> unknown, named as 117.mp3 on my PC
</DIV>
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<DIV class="newsBlock">
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<span class="title">RA v3.03 trainer removed</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Sunday, 12-Feb-2017 21:23:34 +0200
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
I have removed RA v3.03 trainer from the archive: the trainer itself uses CheatEngine that is detected as malware by various antivirus software. Ofcouse it's false-positive but who cares? <a href="http://forum.cheatengine.org/viewtopic.php?p=5123701" target="_blank" title="external link">proof1<img src="/images/extlink.gif" border="0" alt=""></a>, <a href="http://www.cheatengine.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=571857" target="_blank" title="external link">proof2<img src="/images/extlink.gif" border="0" alt=""></a>, <a href="https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/8aa40600bdf3867e517412cbf31c90ae402ceea0b047e9efbcc1ce5c1c306031/analysis/" target="_blank" title="external link">proof3<img src="/images/extlink.gif" border="0" alt=""></a><BR><BR>Thanks you google for your net dictatorship! ;)
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<A NAME="news_id:274"></A>
<DIV class="newsBlock">
<DIV class="head">
<span class="title">Die Hard mission updated</span><BR>
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 09-Feb-2017 17:57:57 +0200
</DIV>
<DIV class="message">
I have reuploaded Die Hard mission: fixed buggy triggers which causes game to crash. Many thanks to <font color="white"><b>Zyrco</b></font> who reported broken mission and helped to fix it.
</DIV>
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**Welcome to Red Alert Archive -** *the largest Red Alert site on the net!*
First of all - This site is all about computer video game - Command & Conquer: Red Alert!
As you already may or may not know, Red Alert is an excellent real-time strategy game.
It was created by Westwood Studios Inc. in 1996 and it still remains one of the top
representatives of the real-time strategy genre.
Command & Conquer: Red Alert is, in the site creator's opinion, one of the best games available for PC.
It has pretty nice graphics, interesting gameplay, and it's very fun! You choose either the side of the Allies
or the Soviets. So, wondering how Red Alert happened in the first place? Why don't you read
the amazing [story](/html/ra/story.html) behind this game.
If you are interested, please scroll down to find news, infos, thousands of maps, utilities, many useful downloads, cheats, etc ...
You can also [download Red Alert](/html/ra/download.html) game for free!
*Everything here is FREEware. Always free of advertisments, bloated scripts, cookies, tracking, malware/spyware. And, of course, website is old/retro PC friendly.*
**Command & Conquer: Red Alert is a product of Westwood Studios. All graphics and resources taken from Red Alert are copyright
of Westwood Studios. This site is not affiliated in any way with Westwood Studios/EA Games.**
Red Alert shall never die, only the players!
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| new icon Latest News | ramap icon Map of the Day | poll icon Current Poll |
| • [Looking for old RA stuff](/#news_id:288)• [Russian Convoy mission fixes](/#news_id:287)• [Some small changes](/#news_id:286)• [Forgotten Red Alert](/#news_id:285)• [Aegean Conflict mission fixed](/#news_id:284)• [Map added: Qing-Admiral](/#news_id:283)• [New map: No Man's Land](/#news_id:282)• [New map: The Ultimate Battlefield](/#news_id:281)• [Custom saved games collection](/#news_id:280)• [Testdrive: Stealth Squad mission](/#news_id:279)• [Testdrive: Chrono Destruction](/#news_id:278)• [New maps uploaded](/#news_id:277)• [Testdrive: Die-hard mission [x10]](/#news_id:276)• [RA v3.03 trainer removed](/#news_id:275)• [Die Hard mission updated](/#news_id:274) | dry wars IV [dl icon](/download.php/maps/d/drywars.zip "click to download")
• Players: **2-8**
• Map Size: **126 x 64**
• Theater: **TEMPERATE**
• Rules mods: **no**
• Author: **Christopher Alas**
• Thumbnail:
map thumbnail | Which mode do you usually play?
Skirmish
blue 70.3%
Single player missions
green 21.6%
Multiplayer deathmatch
red 5.4%
Multiplayer cooperative
orange 2.7%
Total votes: **74**
Poll is closed or expired.
|
Looking for old RA stuff
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 16-May-2019 11:41:49 +0300
I'm looking for some old Red Alert fan made stuff that were "lost" ~20 years ago and have not yet been found.There is list:\* Chain Reaction mission by snow\_man12\* Kill'em All mission\* FromaRA1 mission by jamgran\* Delta Blast mission by David de Kremer\* Fall of the USSR campaign by FlameWolfIf you have anything from this list, please email me - I will reward you with small amount of $.
Russian Convoy mission fixes
Posted by RaZor on Tuesday, 14-May-2019 23:57:57 +0300
Some years ago I found this mission on my ftp server. Mission is made by **Goatmessiah**. Mission itself is quick and difficult enough. Unfortunately, it was impossible to beat it because mission objective triggers were broken.Since the author is not interested in his stuff anymore, [I fixed it myself](http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/fixes/rusconv-fix.mp4 "arch link") today and uploaded to the [Missions](/html/downloads/missions.html) page.I also filmed mission test video. You can watch it on YouTube (will be uploaded later) or [Directly](http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/testdrive/rusconv.mp4 "arch link").
Some small changes
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 08-May-2019 11:16:25 +0300
- Added "Reset Filters" button to the Map search Form.- Pagination bar located on the bottom of Map Archive pages should look better now.- Changed site description a bit.Have a nice play!
Forgotten Red Alert
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 03-May-2019 14:12:22 +0300
You may know or not, there are 2 versions of the C&C:Red Alert available for PC: one for DOS with a lower screen resolution (320x200, also known as VGA) for low spec PCs, and second for Windows 95 with higher resolution (640x400) for modern PCs (information is relevant at the date of release). I think it's not difficult for you to guess which version of RA I played in 96-97. ;) Even though the minimum system requirements for DOS version are 486DX2/66MHz and 8Mb RAM, I ran RA on 486SX/33MHz with only 4Mb of memory! It took a very long (about 5 minutes) to start RA on that PC. The game worked very slowly, but was quite playable on small maps with small amount of units.Recently I assembled PC from various old hardware parts and decided to play the DOS version of RA again... Why not? :)At the first minutes of gameplay I felt uncomfortable. But after while I got used to good old "pixelized" VGA graphics, and damn, I started to enjoy it! It seems to me that gameplay in such low resolution is much harder, and therefore more interesting (don't know how to say it right). Also it seems that DOS version is more stable than RA95 - I can't remember any hangs or crashes every time I played it.Overall it was pretty fun experience, like I chronoshifted back in 1996! :)I filmed gaming process. You can watch it on [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDtG0taQKOQ "external link") or [Directly](http://ra.afraid.org:8000/multimedia/video/retropc/dos-aegean-x2.mp4 "arch link") (better quality, old PC friendly).The video was speed-ed up x2 to make it shorter. I'm playing at lower game speed because my reaction got slower (aging sucks).
Aegean Conflict mission fixed
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 02-May-2019 12:45:59 +0300
Hello!A few months ago I received email from visitor **Jeff**. He said that the single player mission "Aegean Conflict" does not work properly and that he has fixed broken triggers in it. I checked and played his fixed version last weekend, and I can say it works well! I already uploaded it, so you can [download](/download.php/missions/aegean_fixed.zip) and play it too.I also created a video while playing... I'll post it later. :)Good job **Jeff**, thank you!
Map added: Qing-Admiral
Posted by RaZor on Monday, 03-Dec-2018 14:02:48 +0200
Hello!I just uploaded a new map that was sent to me by **DutterDutt**. The author says that the map is for naval battles only against human players, not AI. And also it contains some triggers. I think it should be interesting! (I love maps with triggers ;) ).The link to new map: [http://ra.afraid.org/maps/?name=Qing-Admiral](/maps/?name=Qing-Admiral)
New map: No Man's Land
Posted by RaZor on Saturday, 09-Jun-2018 16:55:21 +0300
Many thanks to visitor **DutterDutt** and his friend **Sage** who made a well-looking map named "No Man's Land" and sent it to archive.A more map details and download link is located [here](/maps/?author=Sage%20and%20DutterDutt).
New map: The Ultimate Battlefield
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 26-Jan-2018 23:26:04 +0200
I would like to thank visitor **Jonathan Galletta** who contributed his own multiplayer map named "The Ultimate Battlefield" to the Red Alert Archive.Map details and download link is avaible [here](/maps/?author=Jonathan+Galletta).
Custom saved games collection
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 25-Oct-2017 18:25:58 +0300
Just uploaded some of saved games I made when I played custom missions.Also I found some other saved games on my old PC. Those saved games were made by my friend long time ago. I uploaded all of them too. Maybe they will interest someone else. :)The URL where the files are stored: [ftp://ra.afraid.org/pub/redalert/savedgames/custom](ftp://ra.afraid.org/pub/redalert/savedgames/custom "external link")Please note, these saved games were made in Red Alert v2.00 (Aftermath), so you will need this version if you want to play them.
Testdrive: Stealth Squad mission
Posted by RaZor on Wednesday, 25-Oct-2017 18:18:05 +0300
Played this one today. Mission made by **Pookie** (what a funny nickname! :)). Quick, not hard, and has something uhmm...unusual. 7/10.
Testdrive: Chrono Destruction
Posted by RaZor on Sunday, 30-Apr-2017 10:37:43 +0300
```
> select name, author_name from ra_missions> where is_published=1 and is_reviewed=0> order by rand() limit 1;+--------------------+---------------+| name | author_name |+--------------------+---------------+| Chrono Destruction | Aaro Ruohonen |+--------------------+---------------+1 row in set
```
Played this one last night. It's long and similar to **Nosferatu**'s Meanest mission, but much easier. Also I very enjoyed playing for the Ukrainian side.PS> Actually I was planning to capture the Chronosphere instead of destroying it, but something went wrong :)PPS> looks like I beat my personal record for casualties! :>Forgot to say: thank you **Aaro**!To be continued...
New maps uploaded
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 27-Apr-2017 13:01:01 +0300
Uploaded 4 high quality mega maps made by **MSZP-Reborn**.In fact, these maps were uploaded to public ftp somewhere in 2014, but I forgot to check them for some reason.Forgive me, author. I hope you are not disappointed. Anyway, its always better late than never. ;)You can grab them from here: [http://ra.afraid.org/maps/?author=MSZP-Reborn&size=mega](/maps/?author=MSZP-Reborn&size=mega)
Testdrive: Die-hard mission [x10]
Posted by RaZor on Friday, 31-Mar-2017 18:22:11 +0300
Finally, tested **Die-Hard** mission, originally created by **Wilco Engelsman**. It seem to work fine:All trigs and teamtypes works as they should without crashing the game. A few 'zombie' units found at the enemy base but this doesn't affect gameplay.There were 2 freezes during gameplay caused by nVidia GPU or it's driver. With integrated intel GPU Red Alert runs perfectly without any freeze at all. However integrated GPU really sucks(slow), even with slightly old games like TES4,TES5,Starcraft2 and also eats much system memory. Thats why I'm not using it.**Tested on:** i5-4690 / Win7x64 PCA=off / Red Alert version 2.00**Music track:** unknown, named as 117.mp3 on my PC
RA v3.03 trainer removed
Posted by RaZor on Sunday, 12-Feb-2017 21:23:34 +0200
I have removed RA v3.03 trainer from the archive: the trainer itself uses CheatEngine that is detected as malware by various antivirus software. Ofcouse it's false-positive but who cares? [proof1](http://forum.cheatengine.org/viewtopic.php?p=5123701 "external link"), [proof2](http://www.cheatengine.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=571857 "external link"), [proof3](https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/8aa40600bdf3867e517412cbf31c90ae402ceea0b047e9efbcc1ce5c1c306031/analysis/ "external link")Thanks you google for your net dictatorship! ;)
Die Hard mission updated
Posted by RaZor on Thursday, 09-Feb-2017 17:57:57 +0200
I have reuploaded Die Hard mission: fixed buggy triggers which causes game to crash. Many thanks to **Zyrco** who reported broken mission and helped to fix it.
|
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<title>Froggie's Place (creatively wanted)</title>
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<h1 align="center"><font
color="#00FF00">Froggie's Place (creatively wanted)</font></h1>
<hr>
<p>Froggie's Place. An ongoing project...creatively wanted (even
when the creativity swings are lacking, which is more often than not).
Celebrating 10 years (at its own domain) in 2010...</p>
<p>First things first. You're probably wondering just what
this Froggie is. Here's the quick-and-dirty: this Froggie is a Minnesota
Froggie (but not one of those frogs with 6+ legs). Froggies can even
forecast weather, though this froggie has also played around with oceanography,
sea ice, and GIS.</p>
<p>Where did the name Froggie come from? <a href="me.htm">Good
question.</a></p>
<p>Why does this Froggie person have a website? For
starters, everyone's gotta have a hobby (some are just a little
cleaner than others). For me, the hobbies range from
traveling, highways and photography to Battletech and meteorology (especially
severe weather). Lately, the Froggie has become a bit of a GIS-geek.</p>
<p>Be forewarned, as this page is in a constant state of
construction/reconstruction/overhaul/etc. Most of my work
concentrates on my highway and photography pages, but I do try to
update my main pages from time to time.</p>
<hr>
<h2>Contents</h2>
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<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center" bgcolor="#005A9B"><b><font face="Arial">
Road/Highway Pages</font></b></td>
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Weather-related Pages</font></b></td>
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Froggie's Place (creatively wanted)
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# Froggie's Place (creatively wanted)
---
Froggie's Place. An ongoing project...creatively wanted (even
when the creativity swings are lacking, which is more often than not).
Celebrating 10 years (at its own domain) in 2010...
First things first. You're probably wondering just what
this Froggie is. Here's the quick-and-dirty: this Froggie is a Minnesota
Froggie (but not one of those frogs with 6+ legs). Froggies can even
forecast weather, though this froggie has also played around with oceanography,
sea ice, and GIS.
Where did the name Froggie come from? [Good
question.](me.htm)
Why does this Froggie person have a website? For
starters, everyone's gotta have a hobby (some are just a little
cleaner than others). For me, the hobbies range from
traveling, highways and photography to Battletech and meteorology (especially
severe weather). Lately, the Froggie has become a bit of a GIS-geek.
Be forewarned, as this page is in a constant state of
construction/reconstruction/overhaul/etc. Most of my work
concentrates on my highway and photography pages, but I do try to
update my main pages from time to time.
---
## Contents
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Road/Highway Pages** | **Weather-related Pages** | **Picture Pages** |
| *[Magnolia Meanderings, the Highways and Byways of
Mississippi](roads/index.html)**[Freeways of the Deep South](roads/exit-index.htm)*
*[Twin Cities
Highways](roads/minnesota/index.html)*
*[Fictional
Freeways](roads/fictional/index.html)*
*[Highway Heaven](triskele/index.html)*
*[Virginia Highways
Project](http://www.vahighways.com)* | *[The
12/16/00 Russell-Dalewood (MS) Tornado](dalewood/index.html)*
*[The 2/16/01
Starkville (MS) Storm](starkville/index.html)* | *[Froggie's
Pics](pics/index.html)**[Weather Pictures](wxpics/index.html)*
*[Highway Pictures](roadpics/index.html)*
*[Post-Katrina Photos](katrina/index.html)*
*[Hurricane Gustav Photos](gustav/index.html)* |[where to buy cialis](http://wheretobuycialis666.com/ "where to buy cialis")
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[Viagra](http://www.kmxt.org/news/103.php)
[Cialis](http://www.kmxt.org/news/104.php)
| **Battletech Pages** | **Other
Pages** |
| *[Dropshuttle to Tancredi IV (main Battletech page)](battletech/index.html)**[Froggie's Aerotech 2
Depot](battletech/at2/index.html)*
*[Jumpship to the
front (Battletech links)](battletech/btlinks.htm)* | *[All about.....me](me.htm)*
*[Froggie's Blog](http://ajfroggie.blogspot.com)
(website announcements will be made here)*
*[Froggie's Hikes and Rides](hikes/index.html)*
*[The "Lower 60"](lower60/index.html)
(GIS-type project)*
*[Meaghan's Page](megs/index.html)*
*[Superhighway On-ramp
(Interesting Links)](links.htm)* |
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
[Froggie's Home](index.html) |
[Highway
Heaven](triskele/index.html) |8 February, 2010
 visitors have viewed this page since 1 September,
2004
� 2010-1998, Adam Froehlig
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<h1 align="center">In Search of the Red Demon</h1>
<p>
<h3>Story and photos by Scott Cassell
</h3>
<p>
Under an orange moon, Jacquie and I are 75 feet deep in the Sea of
Cortez waiting for demons to appear. As we search the black water
below our camera lights, a green glow begins to move toward us.
Bioluminescence is signaling the approach of a shoal of Giant
Humboldt squid rising to investigate us. Theres no doubt theyre
hungry
</p>
<img src="011vs201s.jpg">
<p><b>The Master of the Desert Sea</b></p>
<p>
For five years I had been studying to make this dive in the Sea of
Cortez, also known as the Gulf of California, which divides Mexicos
Baja California peninsula from the mainland. Along with my diving
partner Jacquie Cozens and a small crew, I was there filming Humboldt:
The Man-Eating Squid. This documentary, which is the first episode in
a series called Dangerous Waters, is scheduled to be released in
January.
</p><p>
For most people, the word squid probably conjures images of
deep-fried appetizers, not flesh-eating carnivores. But the truth
is, Humboldt squid have approximately 1,200 sucker discs, each one
lined with 20 to 26 needle-sharp teeth. This allows the Humboldt to
attack its prey with more than 24,000 teeth at once. And nestled in
its bed of eight muscular arms and two feeding tentacles is a
disproportionately large, knife-edged beak similar to a parrots.
But the Humboldt is much larger than a parrot: they have been found
as large as 14 feet in length and weighing more than 700 pounds.
</p>
<p>
In addition to the Humboldts enormity and impressive array of
weapons, this magnificent mollusk possesses a legendary ferocity.
The local Mexican fishermen call it Rojo Diablo, or Red Demon. When
I arrived in Mexico for the dive, several fishermen told tales of
how people had experienced violent deaths after falling in the water
with these red demons:
they would be pulled down and devoured in
moments.
</p><p>
These stories were true and I knew it. So I developed equipment and
techniques to counter a possible attack. These precautions included:
anti-squid armor suits; armor plating for the vulnerable parts of my
mixed-gas rebreather; anti-squid cage; and back-to-back diving
techniques. To prevent being pulled down by a pack of squid, steel
cables connected divers to the boat at all times. If these measures
sound extreme, I can assure you they werent. Each one came into
play and proved to be completely necessary.
</p>
<img src="Mvc-0005t.jpg">
<p><b>Armor Is The Only Way To Survive This Dive</b></p>
<p>
One particular moment I will never forget occurred during the first
dive of the scouting expedition. Not wanting to endanger my crew, I
decided to perform the first dive alone, tethered to the support boat.
The crew was to stay on deck to tend my cable and pull me up in the
event of trouble. As I was about to go over the side of the boat, my
Mexican guide touched my arm and stared into my eyes. Although he
didnt say a word, his face said it all. He thought I was going to
die. He believed the Humboldts were going to devour me, armor and
all. Despite his lack of enthusiasm, I patted him on the shoulder,
smiled, and continued into the water for the first time.
</p><p>
As soon as I hit the water I rolled onto my stomach and checked my rebreathers
function. Next, I rolled upright and reached for my camera system, but as soon
as my ears were above the water I could hear the crew yelling to me: They are
right underneath you, look out! A surge of excitement and dread filled me as I
looked down past my fins. There were more than 20 giant squid right below
me not even ten feet away! Ranging in length from five to six feet, they
hovered nearby just looking at me, studying me. My splash entry was like ringing
a dinner bell. Suddenly, about 10 squid began to move in for a closer look. As
they neared, they flashed from white to pink to bright red then back to white,
all within a split second. It was beautiful! They looked like animals from another
planet, totally unearthly.
</p>
<p>
As I floated there transfixed, a large squid moved to within two feet
and flashed again. Mesmerized by the strobe effect, I didnt see that
another squid was rushing in from my left. Bam! It hit me with a
tentacular strike that felt like being hit with a baseball bat square
in the ribs. Shocked by the power of the strike and unable to breathe
because of a cramp in my chest, I turned to see what had hit me and
saw four more squid headed toward me. The first came in so fast that
I could barely track it with the camera, and then Bam! It struck the
camera, which in turn struck me in the face. I was starting to feel
like I was in a barroom brawl.
</p><p>
After five attacks of equal ferocity, the magnificent monsters decided
I was inedible and had no further use for me. With a few blasts from
their massive jet funnels, they disappeared into the depths within
seconds. Dazed and excited, I realized the entire ordeal lasted less
than one minute. After dangling in the water for 30 minutes looking
for any signs of their return, I surfaced and climbed into the boat.
I later discovered bruises on me the size of oranges, as well as
several scratches in my anti-squid armor suit. The system was working,
but each attack left its mark and this was just the first dive of
dozens yet to come.
</p>
<img src="Dosidicus1.jpg">
<p><b>The Humbolt Squid</b></p>
<p>
Knowing the harsh requirements of this expedition, I hand-picked all
of the video and lighting equipment. No glitter or promotional gear
was excepted. Of course, the most important equipment were those items
used to ensure human safety. But these were followed closely by the
image-gathering systems. In fact, some of my team would probably tell
you that I considered my camera to be more important than my own
safety, hence the standing order: If I am in trouble and need to be
rescued, get the camera first, then me. This became the joke of the
expedition, but I wasnt laughing.
</p><p>
My normal recording format is Betacam, but to capture the underwater
video images Jacquie and I selected a camcorder that had previously
proven to be highly reliable, the Sony DCR TRV-900. It is fairly small
so when it was placed into an underwater housing, a diver and the
camera could fit into a relatively small anti-squid cage. Indeed, with
500 lines of resolution, a flip-out screen, IEEE-1394 FireWire DV
in/out, compatibility with a 52mm 0.5 Kenko glass wide-angle lens, and
outstanding ease of use, it proved to be the best choice for us.
</p><p>
Next, I had to get the right underwater housings. My selection was
based on durability, reliability, and depth rating. And since we were
facing one solid month of filming, day in and day out, as well as hard
impacts from Giant Humboldt squid attacks and dives down to 200fsw
(feet of seawater), only two housings made the cut. Those two were
the Seacam Subsea Systems housing and the Light & Motion Bluefin
housing. I decided to use them both.
</p><p>
Lighting was the next problem. I needed systems that would deliver
the whitest possible color temperature without bleaching out the
squid when they flashed colors from bright red to solid white at
close range. Again, the choice was to use two separate systems: the
Seacam Subsea Systems Pegasus Wing with halogen lights, and the
Light & Motion H.I.D. lights. Even though halogen lights have a
slightly reddish color temperature, they were more predictable than
H.I.D. Also, the surface-supplied power of the Seacam system proved
invaluable. With it, we could film for hours with several 250W lights
and not worry about batteries running out.
</p><p>
The first time Jacquie lit up her H.I.D. lights underwater I was amazed.
We were on a test dive at night on a reef in La Paz, Mexico, to film
nocturnal reef life for fill footage. Using the Seacam halogen lights
to find our subjects, we would then switch to her H.I.D. system for
filming. The lights only had about 40 minutes of burn time but the
color was beautiful white more white than I had ever seen underwater.
It almost looked like the poor little fish she was filming were going
to start boiling. However, the Light & Motion H.I.D. lights seemed to
have an unexplainable glitch in the ballast. For some reason they
would work beautifully on some dives and completely fail on others.
</p><img src="feeding1.jpg">
<p><b>Feeding</b></p>
<p>
During the third day of filming the Humboldt squid, the Light & Motion
housing began to fail a button or two at first, then the whole thing
just died. Bad timing to be sure. For the remainder of the expedition,
we would have to turn the camcorder on, set the manual focal length,
press record, then quickly slide it into the housing, lock it up, and
jump in to film the squid. Our makeshift system worked, but it was an
irritant at best. Several hours of DV tape were wasted, but we had no
choice and ultimately got the shots we needed.
</p><p>
On the other hand, even with an extremely violent series of Giant
Humboldt squid attacks, the Seacam system never had a failure. It was
anvil-tough and very simple. In fact, it proved to be sturdy above and
beyond the call of duty on one really violent attack. A large Humboldt
had come up on me from behind and was trying to chew into my neck. I
struggled to hit it with my camera, weakening my grip in the process.
As I struggled to right myself and get my dive gear back in order, I
accidentally let the camera go. Since the sea bottom was always more
than 1,000 feet below me, I kept the camera system a pound positively
buoyant so that if I ever dropped it, it would float. Thats exactly
what happened. The squid had dragged me down nearly 75 feet before I
dropped my camera, and it quickly floated up just out of Jacquies
reach and continued to accelerate until it popped to the surface
striking the dive boat. My safety diver, Thad Hogan, saw the camera
surface and must have thought I had been killed because he knew that
in 20 years of diving I had never dropped a camera. He jumped into
the water to retrieve it and shortly afterward I surfaced right next
to him. His expression was priceless! Then, after a quick inspection
of the housing, I determined it was in good condition and went back
to work.
</p><p>
Based on my field experience, the Light & Motion video systems failed
to live up to the challenge. They look great and have lots of features,
but just didnt hold up. However, their H.I.D. lights were wonderful
when they worked, and the images they illuminated were some of the most
beautiful underwater shots I have seen.
</p><p>
Nevertheless, for my future projects I am going to use Seacam products
exclusively because they are expedition-tough, extremely reliable, and
modularly flexible. In addition, the owner of Seacam, Ed Ivy, was
extremely supportive and helped engineer several peripheral video and
lighting systems to facilitate our needs. Truly the best service Ive
ever gotten.
</p>
<p>
From the depths of the sea, several five-foot squid are now hovering
around Jacquie flashing colors in what we had learned was pre-attack
behavior. I could see her readying herself for the impacts. Then,
suddenly, they all retreated with blinding speed, leaving us with
only one approaching squid. But this was no ordinary squid.
</p><p>
The largest Humboldt ever filmed was about six feet and weighed nearly
100 pounds. The Humboldt closing in on Jacquie was huge. Truly the
giant of the shoal, he was nearly seven feet in length and about three
feet across, and must have weighed 150 pounds. He seemed to move
slower than the others, but then I realized his size merely made him
look slower. He came in to about two feet of Jacquies lure, then
stopped cold. He studied the lure, and then I honestly think he saw
the monofilament line because he deliberately raised up along it,
right up to Jacquies eye level. Then, he just hovered there, glaring
into her faceplate. He did not flash color or attack, he just sat
there for about four seconds and studied her.
</p><p>
I was horrified that this monster was going to attack and kill her.
She was so much smaller than this creature that I feared she would
have no chance of survival against an all-out attack. So I moved in
quickly to help, knowing any second the situation could explode.
Amazingly, the enormous squid just hovered there, intensely studying
her with no aggressive actions. Then, slowly, without concern for my
approach, it flapped its huge fins and glided back down to the black
depths of the sea. Much to Jacquies credit, she filmed the entire
event.
</p><br><p>
Scott Cassell has been a mixed-gas commercial diver for nearly 22
years. His film credits include stock footage of white sharks, blue
sharks, and Mako sharks, some of which has aired during Discovery
Channels Shark Week. He is currently filming Dangerous Waters,
a five-part series about the least-known and most-dangerous animals
in the world. He can be contacted at [email protected].
</p>
<img src="Mvc0001s.jpg">
<p><b>Scott Cassell</b></p>
<p>
<A HREF="..\d_cover.shtml"> Back To Home Page</A>
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Squidly
# In Search of the Red Demon
### Story and photos by Scott Cassell
Under an orange moon, Jacquie and I are 75 feet deep in the Sea of
Cortez waiting for demons to appear. As we search the black water
below our camera lights, a green glow begins to move toward us.
Bioluminescence is signaling the approach of a shoal of Giant
Humboldt squid rising to investigate us. Theres no doubt theyre
hungry
**The Master of the Desert Sea**
For five years I had been studying to make this dive in the Sea of
Cortez, also known as the Gulf of California, which divides Mexicos
Baja California peninsula from the mainland. Along with my diving
partner Jacquie Cozens and a small crew, I was there filming Humboldt:
The Man-Eating Squid. This documentary, which is the first episode in
a series called Dangerous Waters, is scheduled to be released in
January.
For most people, the word squid probably conjures images of
deep-fried appetizers, not flesh-eating carnivores. But the truth
is, Humboldt squid have approximately 1,200 sucker discs, each one
lined with 20 to 26 needle-sharp teeth. This allows the Humboldt to
attack its prey with more than 24,000 teeth at once. And nestled in
its bed of eight muscular arms and two feeding tentacles is a
disproportionately large, knife-edged beak similar to a parrots.
But the Humboldt is much larger than a parrot: they have been found
as large as 14 feet in length and weighing more than 700 pounds.
In addition to the Humboldts enormity and impressive array of
weapons, this magnificent mollusk possesses a legendary ferocity.
The local Mexican fishermen call it Rojo Diablo, or Red Demon. When
I arrived in Mexico for the dive, several fishermen told tales of
how people had experienced violent deaths after falling in the water
with these red demons:
they would be pulled down and devoured in
moments.
These stories were true and I knew it. So I developed equipment and
techniques to counter a possible attack. These precautions included:
anti-squid armor suits; armor plating for the vulnerable parts of my
mixed-gas rebreather; anti-squid cage; and back-to-back diving
techniques. To prevent being pulled down by a pack of squid, steel
cables connected divers to the boat at all times. If these measures
sound extreme, I can assure you they werent. Each one came into
play and proved to be completely necessary.
**Armor Is The Only Way To Survive This Dive**
One particular moment I will never forget occurred during the first
dive of the scouting expedition. Not wanting to endanger my crew, I
decided to perform the first dive alone, tethered to the support boat.
The crew was to stay on deck to tend my cable and pull me up in the
event of trouble. As I was about to go over the side of the boat, my
Mexican guide touched my arm and stared into my eyes. Although he
didnt say a word, his face said it all. He thought I was going to
die. He believed the Humboldts were going to devour me, armor and
all. Despite his lack of enthusiasm, I patted him on the shoulder,
smiled, and continued into the water for the first time.
As soon as I hit the water I rolled onto my stomach and checked my rebreathers
function. Next, I rolled upright and reached for my camera system, but as soon
as my ears were above the water I could hear the crew yelling to me: They are
right underneath you, look out! A surge of excitement and dread filled me as I
looked down past my fins. There were more than 20 giant squid right below
me not even ten feet away! Ranging in length from five to six feet, they
hovered nearby just looking at me, studying me. My splash entry was like ringing
a dinner bell. Suddenly, about 10 squid began to move in for a closer look. As
they neared, they flashed from white to pink to bright red then back to white,
all within a split second. It was beautiful! They looked like animals from another
planet, totally unearthly.
As I floated there transfixed, a large squid moved to within two feet
and flashed again. Mesmerized by the strobe effect, I didnt see that
another squid was rushing in from my left. Bam! It hit me with a
tentacular strike that felt like being hit with a baseball bat square
in the ribs. Shocked by the power of the strike and unable to breathe
because of a cramp in my chest, I turned to see what had hit me and
saw four more squid headed toward me. The first came in so fast that
I could barely track it with the camera, and then Bam! It struck the
camera, which in turn struck me in the face. I was starting to feel
like I was in a barroom brawl.
After five attacks of equal ferocity, the magnificent monsters decided
I was inedible and had no further use for me. With a few blasts from
their massive jet funnels, they disappeared into the depths within
seconds. Dazed and excited, I realized the entire ordeal lasted less
than one minute. After dangling in the water for 30 minutes looking
for any signs of their return, I surfaced and climbed into the boat.
I later discovered bruises on me the size of oranges, as well as
several scratches in my anti-squid armor suit. The system was working,
but each attack left its mark and this was just the first dive of
dozens yet to come.
**The Humbolt Squid**
Knowing the harsh requirements of this expedition, I hand-picked all
of the video and lighting equipment. No glitter or promotional gear
was excepted. Of course, the most important equipment were those items
used to ensure human safety. But these were followed closely by the
image-gathering systems. In fact, some of my team would probably tell
you that I considered my camera to be more important than my own
safety, hence the standing order: If I am in trouble and need to be
rescued, get the camera first, then me. This became the joke of the
expedition, but I wasnt laughing.
My normal recording format is Betacam, but to capture the underwater
video images Jacquie and I selected a camcorder that had previously
proven to be highly reliable, the Sony DCR TRV-900. It is fairly small
so when it was placed into an underwater housing, a diver and the
camera could fit into a relatively small anti-squid cage. Indeed, with
500 lines of resolution, a flip-out screen, IEEE-1394 FireWire DV
in/out, compatibility with a 52mm 0.5 Kenko glass wide-angle lens, and
outstanding ease of use, it proved to be the best choice for us.
Next, I had to get the right underwater housings. My selection was
based on durability, reliability, and depth rating. And since we were
facing one solid month of filming, day in and day out, as well as hard
impacts from Giant Humboldt squid attacks and dives down to 200fsw
(feet of seawater), only two housings made the cut. Those two were
the Seacam Subsea Systems housing and the Light & Motion Bluefin
housing. I decided to use them both.
Lighting was the next problem. I needed systems that would deliver
the whitest possible color temperature without bleaching out the
squid when they flashed colors from bright red to solid white at
close range. Again, the choice was to use two separate systems: the
Seacam Subsea Systems Pegasus Wing with halogen lights, and the
Light & Motion H.I.D. lights. Even though halogen lights have a
slightly reddish color temperature, they were more predictable than
H.I.D. Also, the surface-supplied power of the Seacam system proved
invaluable. With it, we could film for hours with several 250W lights
and not worry about batteries running out.
The first time Jacquie lit up her H.I.D. lights underwater I was amazed.
We were on a test dive at night on a reef in La Paz, Mexico, to film
nocturnal reef life for fill footage. Using the Seacam halogen lights
to find our subjects, we would then switch to her H.I.D. system for
filming. The lights only had about 40 minutes of burn time but the
color was beautiful white more white than I had ever seen underwater.
It almost looked like the poor little fish she was filming were going
to start boiling. However, the Light & Motion H.I.D. lights seemed to
have an unexplainable glitch in the ballast. For some reason they
would work beautifully on some dives and completely fail on others.
**Feeding**
During the third day of filming the Humboldt squid, the Light & Motion
housing began to fail a button or two at first, then the whole thing
just died. Bad timing to be sure. For the remainder of the expedition,
we would have to turn the camcorder on, set the manual focal length,
press record, then quickly slide it into the housing, lock it up, and
jump in to film the squid. Our makeshift system worked, but it was an
irritant at best. Several hours of DV tape were wasted, but we had no
choice and ultimately got the shots we needed.
On the other hand, even with an extremely violent series of Giant
Humboldt squid attacks, the Seacam system never had a failure. It was
anvil-tough and very simple. In fact, it proved to be sturdy above and
beyond the call of duty on one really violent attack. A large Humboldt
had come up on me from behind and was trying to chew into my neck. I
struggled to hit it with my camera, weakening my grip in the process.
As I struggled to right myself and get my dive gear back in order, I
accidentally let the camera go. Since the sea bottom was always more
than 1,000 feet below me, I kept the camera system a pound positively
buoyant so that if I ever dropped it, it would float. Thats exactly
what happened. The squid had dragged me down nearly 75 feet before I
dropped my camera, and it quickly floated up just out of Jacquies
reach and continued to accelerate until it popped to the surface
striking the dive boat. My safety diver, Thad Hogan, saw the camera
surface and must have thought I had been killed because he knew that
in 20 years of diving I had never dropped a camera. He jumped into
the water to retrieve it and shortly afterward I surfaced right next
to him. His expression was priceless! Then, after a quick inspection
of the housing, I determined it was in good condition and went back
to work.
Based on my field experience, the Light & Motion video systems failed
to live up to the challenge. They look great and have lots of features,
but just didnt hold up. However, their H.I.D. lights were wonderful
when they worked, and the images they illuminated were some of the most
beautiful underwater shots I have seen.
Nevertheless, for my future projects I am going to use Seacam products
exclusively because they are expedition-tough, extremely reliable, and
modularly flexible. In addition, the owner of Seacam, Ed Ivy, was
extremely supportive and helped engineer several peripheral video and
lighting systems to facilitate our needs. Truly the best service Ive
ever gotten.
From the depths of the sea, several five-foot squid are now hovering
around Jacquie flashing colors in what we had learned was pre-attack
behavior. I could see her readying herself for the impacts. Then,
suddenly, they all retreated with blinding speed, leaving us with
only one approaching squid. But this was no ordinary squid.
The largest Humboldt ever filmed was about six feet and weighed nearly
100 pounds. The Humboldt closing in on Jacquie was huge. Truly the
giant of the shoal, he was nearly seven feet in length and about three
feet across, and must have weighed 150 pounds. He seemed to move
slower than the others, but then I realized his size merely made him
look slower. He came in to about two feet of Jacquies lure, then
stopped cold. He studied the lure, and then I honestly think he saw
the monofilament line because he deliberately raised up along it,
right up to Jacquies eye level. Then, he just hovered there, glaring
into her faceplate. He did not flash color or attack, he just sat
there for about four seconds and studied her.
I was horrified that this monster was going to attack and kill her.
She was so much smaller than this creature that I feared she would
have no chance of survival against an all-out attack. So I moved in
quickly to help, knowing any second the situation could explode.
Amazingly, the enormous squid just hovered there, intensely studying
her with no aggressive actions. Then, slowly, without concern for my
approach, it flapped its huge fins and glided back down to the black
depths of the sea. Much to Jacquies credit, she filmed the entire
event.
Scott Cassell has been a mixed-gas commercial diver for nearly 22
years. His film credits include stock footage of white sharks, blue
sharks, and Mako sharks, some of which has aired during Discovery
Channels Shark Week. He is currently filming Dangerous Waters,
a five-part series about the least-known and most-dangerous animals
in the world. He can be contacted at [email protected].
**Scott Cassell**
[Back To Home Page](..\d_cover.shtml)
| http://diver.net/seahunt/fend/f_scottc.htm |
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<h1><span class="pinkhi"> dana's room â¿ </span></h1>
<p><a href="/aboutme.html"> mirror </a> | <a href="/bookshelf.html"> bookshelf </a> | <a href="/music.html"> stereo </a> | <a href="/tv.html"> tv </a></p>
<img src="flashflower.gif">
<h2><span class="pinkhi"> thinkin bout: </span></h2>
<p><span class="litepinkhi"> â¿ super monkey ball </span><br>
<span class="litepinkhi"> â¿ teenage makeout spots </span><br>
<span class="litepinkhi"> â¿ past life regression </span><br>
<h2><span class="pinkhi"> love a dog </span></h2>
<img src="/poodles.jpg"><br><br><br>
<span class="pinkhi"> if you're not sure where to go, <br>
take a look at the bookshelf at the top... </span><br><br>
<p><span class="pinkhi"> make sure to check all the oddly-placed links you see... <br>
they might be <i>secret passages</i>... </span></p><br>
<img src="flashflower.gif"><br>
<img src="cellslide.gif"><br>
<p><font size="-1"><span class="pinkhi"> give me a <a href=/guestbook.html>call</a> or a <a href="https://neocities.org/site/heydana">follow</a>, babe! <br>
<i> maybe find me on <a href=/socialmedia.html>social media</a>... </i></span></font></p><br><br>
<img src=watermelon.gif><br>
<p><font size="-1"><span class="lite pinkhi"> while you're at it <br>
call a friend you haven't talked to in a <a href="/time.html">while</a> </span></font><br>
<font size="-1"><span class="pinkhi"> they'll appreciate it </span></font></p><br><br>
<img src=/construction.gif><br><br><br><br><br>
<img src=/pics/drbutton.png><br>
<p><font size="-1"><span class="lite pinkhi"> explore the retronaut webring! <br>
<a href='https://webring.dinhe.net/prev/https://heydana.neocities.org/'>[ previous ]</a> | <a href='https://webring.dinhe.net/next/https://heydana.neocities.org/'>[ next ]</a></span></font></p><br>
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dana's room â¿
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# dana's room â¿
[mirror](/aboutme.html) | [bookshelf](/bookshelf.html) | [stereo](/music.html) | [tv](/tv.html)
## thinkin bout:
â¿ super monkey ball
â¿ teenage makeout spots
â¿ past life regression
## love a dog
if you're not sure where to go,
take a look at the bookshelf at the top...
make sure to check all the oddly-placed links you see...
they might be *secret passages*...
give me a [call](/guestbook.html) or a [follow](https://neocities.org/site/heydana), babe!
*maybe find me on [social media](/socialmedia.html)...*
while you're at it
call a friend you haven't talked to in a [while](/time.html)
they'll appreciate it
explore the retronaut webring!
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
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<dl>
<dt><b>Prematter</b>
<dd><a href=elements.html>Introduction</a>
<dd><a href=usingApplet.html>Using the Geometry Applet</a>
<dd><a href=aboutText.html>About the text</a>
<dd><a href=Euclid.html>Euclid</a>
<dd><a href=trip.html>A quick trip</a> through the <i>Elements</i>
<dd><a href=web.html>References</a> to Euclid’s <i>Elements</i> on the Web
<dd><a href=subjindex.html>Subject index</a>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><b><a href="bookI/bookI.html">Book I</a>.</b> The fundamentals of geometry: theories of
triangles, parallels, and area.
<dd><a href="bookI/bookI.html#defs">Definitions</a> (23)
<br><a href="bookI/bookI.html#posts">Postulates</a> (5)
<br><a href="bookI/bookI.html#cns">Common Notions</a> (5)
<br><a href="bookI/bookI.html#props">Propositions</a> (48)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookII/bookII.html">Book II</a>.</b> Geometric algebra.
<dd><a href="bookII/bookII.html#defs">Definitions</a> (2)
<br><a href="bookII/bookII.html#props">Propositions</a> (13)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookIII/bookIII.html">Book III</a>.</b> Theory of circles.
<dd><a href="bookIII/bookIII.html#defs">Definitions</a> (11)
<br><a href="bookIII/bookIII.html#props">Propositions</a> (37)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookIV/bookIV.html">Book IV</a>.</b> Constructions for inscribed and circumscribed
figures.
<dd><a href="bookIV/bookIV.html#defs">Definitions</a> (7)
<br><a href="bookIV/bookIV.html#props">Propositions</a> (16)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookV/bookV.html">Book V</a>.</b> Theory of abstract proportions.
<dd><a href="bookV/bookV.html#defs">Definitions</a> (18)
<br><a href="bookV/bookV.html#props">Propositions</a> (25)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookVI/bookVI.html">Book VI</a>.</b> Similar figures and proportions in geometry.
<dd><a href="bookVI/bookVI.html#defs">Definitions</a> (11)
<br><a href="bookVI/bookVI.html#props">Propositions</a> (37)
</dl>
</td><td>
<dl>
<dt><b><a href="bookVII/bookVII.html">Book VII</a>.</b> Fundamentals of number theory.
<dd><a href="bookVII/bookVII.html#defs">Definitions</a> (22)
<br><a href="bookVII/bookVII.html#props">Propositions</a> (39)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookVIII/bookVIII.html">Book VIII</a>.</b> Continued proportions in number theory.
<dd><a href="bookVIII/bookVIII.html#props">Propositions</a> (27)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookIX/bookIX.html">Book IX</a>.</b> Number theory.
<dd><a href="bookIX/bookIX.html#props">Propositions</a> (36)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookX/bookX.html">Book X</a>.</b> Classification of incommensurables.
<dd><a href="bookX/bookX.html#defsI">Definitions I</a> (4)
<br><a href="bookX/bookX.html#propsI">Propositions 1-47</a>
<br><a href="bookX/bookX.html#defsII">Definitions II</a> (6)
<br><a href="bookX/bookX.html#propsII">Propositions 48-84</a>
<br><a href="bookX/bookX.html#defsIII">Definitions III</a> (6)
<br><a href="bookX/bookX.html#propsIII">Propositions 85-115</a>
<p><dt><b><a href="bookXI/bookXI.html">Book XI</a>.</b> Solid geometry.
<dd><a href="bookXI/bookXI.html#defs">Definitions</a> (28)
<br><a href="bookXI/bookXI.html#props">Propositions</a> (39)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookXII/bookXII.html">Book XII</a>.</b> Measurement of figures.
<dd><a href="bookXII/bookXII.html#props">Propositions</a> (18)
<p><dt><b><a href="bookXIII/bookXIII.html">Book XIII</a>.</b> Regular solids.
<dd><a href="bookXIII/bookXIII.html#props">Propositions</a> (18)
</dl>
</div>
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Euclid's Elements, Table of Contents
loadHeader();
# Table of Contents
**Prematter**
[Introduction](elements.html)
[Using the Geometry Applet](usingApplet.html)
[About the text](aboutText.html)
[Euclid](Euclid.html)
[A quick trip](trip.html) through the *Elements*
[References](web.html) to Euclid’s *Elements* on the Web
[Subject index](subjindex.html)
**[Book I](bookI/bookI.html).** The fundamentals of geometry: theories of
triangles, parallels, and area.
[Definitions](bookI/bookI.html#defs) (23)
[Postulates](bookI/bookI.html#posts) (5)
[Common Notions](bookI/bookI.html#cns) (5)
[Propositions](bookI/bookI.html#props) (48)
**[Book II](bookII/bookII.html).** Geometric algebra.
[Definitions](bookII/bookII.html#defs) (2)
[Propositions](bookII/bookII.html#props) (13)
**[Book III](bookIII/bookIII.html).** Theory of circles.
[Definitions](bookIII/bookIII.html#defs) (11)
[Propositions](bookIII/bookIII.html#props) (37)
**[Book IV](bookIV/bookIV.html).** Constructions for inscribed and circumscribed
figures.
[Definitions](bookIV/bookIV.html#defs) (7)
[Propositions](bookIV/bookIV.html#props) (16)
**[Book V](bookV/bookV.html).** Theory of abstract proportions.
[Definitions](bookV/bookV.html#defs) (18)
[Propositions](bookV/bookV.html#props) (25)
**[Book VI](bookVI/bookVI.html).** Similar figures and proportions in geometry.
[Definitions](bookVI/bookVI.html#defs) (11)
[Propositions](bookVI/bookVI.html#props) (37)
**[Book VII](bookVII/bookVII.html).** Fundamentals of number theory.
[Definitions](bookVII/bookVII.html#defs) (22)
[Propositions](bookVII/bookVII.html#props) (39)
**[Book VIII](bookVIII/bookVIII.html).** Continued proportions in number theory.
[Propositions](bookVIII/bookVIII.html#props) (27)
**[Book IX](bookIX/bookIX.html).** Number theory.
[Propositions](bookIX/bookIX.html#props) (36)
**[Book X](bookX/bookX.html).** Classification of incommensurables.
[Definitions I](bookX/bookX.html#defsI) (4)
[Propositions 1-47](bookX/bookX.html#propsI)
[Definitions II](bookX/bookX.html#defsII) (6)
[Propositions 48-84](bookX/bookX.html#propsII)
[Definitions III](bookX/bookX.html#defsIII) (6)
[Propositions 85-115](bookX/bookX.html#propsIII)
**[Book XI](bookXI/bookXI.html).** Solid geometry.
[Definitions](bookXI/bookXI.html#defs) (28)
[Propositions](bookXI/bookXI.html#props) (39)
**[Book XII](bookXII/bookXII.html).** Measurement of figures.
[Propositions](bookXII/bookXII.html#props) (18)
**[Book XIII](bookXIII/bookXIII.html).** Regular solids.
[Propositions](bookXIII/bookXIII.html#props) (18)
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<title>Fu Style</title>
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<meta name="description" content="About the Fu style internal system: tai chi, h'sing yi, pa kwa">
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<hr>
<small>
<b>The Fu style, developed by Fu Zhen Song</b><br><br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/index.html">About the Fu style</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/bio.html">Biography of Fu Zhen Song</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/schools.html">Schools teaching this style</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/choosing.html">Choosing a teacher</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/forms.html">Forms</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/pics.html">Pics</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/lineage.html">Lineage</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/principles.html">Internal style principles</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/clips.html">Clips of Fu style</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/other_clips.html">Clips of other styles</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/scientific.html">Scientific research on tai chi</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/other_links.html">Other links</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/author.html">Website author</a><br>
</small>
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<td bgcolor="#8F9B90" valign="top">
<center>
<br>
<big><center><strong><font color="#051D08">
About the Fu style<br>
</font></strong></center></big>
<p>
<small>
<em>
"Fu Yonghui was born into a martial arts family... He followed his father [Fu Zhensong] in his travels around the country and met many famous martial arts teachers. He studied bajiquan with 'Magic Spear Li' (Li Shuwen) and Huo Dianyu. He studied Sun style taiji and push hands with Sun Lutang. He frequently went with his father to visit Li Jinglin, the founder of the Wudang Sword Method. He would get to see the military martial arts competitions and demonstrations, and learn the Wudang Sword Method from Li. When he was in Guangzhou he would get pointers from Yang Chengfu in Yang style taijiquan. He also received secret teachings in xingyiquan from Zhang Baofeng." <br>
</em>
From `Notes on the chief transmitter of Fu style dragon form baguazhang, Fu Yonghui` by Lai Zonghong (translated by Joseph Crandall).
</small>
<p>
<p>
<!--a href="art1.html"><img border="0" src="/data/website/images/fu_sword_pic-full.jpg" height=199 width=599 ></a></center-->
<a href="art1.html"><img border="0" src="images/fu_halfsize.jpg" ></a></center>
<p>
The Fu style is a complete system of Chinese exercise and self-cultivation, developed by Grandmaster Fu Zhen Song (Fu Chen Sung, å
æ¯åµ©, 1881-1953). He was also known as Fu Qiankun (å
ä¹¾å¤). The forms were further refined by his son, Fu Yong Hui (Fu Wing Fai, 1907-1993), and Fu Yong Hui's students such as Chen Leung in Hong Kong. It includes forms of tà ijà quán (太極æ³, t'ai chi ch'uan, tai chi), xing yi quan (å½¢ææ³, h'sing i ch'uan), ba gua zhang (å
«å¦æ, pa kwa chang), liang yi quan (å
©åæ³, "yin-yang boxing"), and weapon forms. As with all other internal styles, they are practiced solely for their health benefits nowadays by most practitioners.
<p>
From 1929 the Fus lived and taught in Guang Dong (Canton) and Hong Kong (Fu Wing Fai returned to Hong Kong when the cultural revolution broke out, after having spent time in Canton following Fu Zhen Song's death).
<p>
There are two main reasons this style is not as well knows as the styles promoted by the mainland government. Fu style was developed in the 20th century, when many disruptive events (eg war and multiple revolutions) affected China and interrupted teaching. Also, for political reasons (their support of General Sun and democratic government rather than for Mao and the communist style of government).
<p>
This type of exercise has many physical and mental health benefits, and for the long term practitioner can be used in self defence.
<p>
A 'complete system' is traditional Chinese terminology used to describe a style which contains multiple forms, and proceeds up to the highest level form. eg Shaolin kung fu's highest level form is 'iron wire palm' (sometimes 'iron wire fist'). Systems of kung fu which have an 'iron wire palm' form or equivalent are a complete system.
<p>
Fu Zhen Song was a grandmaster because he developed a complete system with logical coherence amongst its forms, proceeding up the the highest level form, Fu style dragon form baguazhang.
<p>
An 'internal' system is one which primarily focuses on training a person's 'internal' intrinsic energy.
There are advantages to internal over external systems <small>[1]</small>. The disadvantage of the internal styles is the extreme difficulty of performing the movements exactly right (to the millimetre), without which they are much less effective. This precise whole-body coordination is also required to generate the spiralling force inside the body.
<p>
The 'three related' arts, tai ji, xing yi, and ba gua are all internal styles and, from the late 1800s, were often taught together. A common saying is 'tai ji goes from soft to hard and gung fu goes from hard to soft. The approach is different, the goal is the same'. All the internal styles rely upon utilizing the basic laws of physics, leverage and momentum. The Fu style in particular emphasizes directing the body's energy through the waist, using coiling power, and using 'rippling body' stepping. This trains the practitioner to use their body in a healthy manner and react correctly.
<p>
As the Fu style was mostly taught outside communist China during the period where these arts were suppressed on the mainland (1940s to 1970s) it was, in some linages, able to retain the essence of the internal systems. Like all talented people, Fu Zhen Song and Fu Wing Fai both continued to refine the system throughout their lives. Therefore, stylistic differences can be seen in different linages - this is especially evident with Fu Wing Fai's students from Hong Kong (where he lived 1966-1993) when compared to his earlier forms taught in Canton.
<p>
These days, Victor (Sheng Lung) Fu in Vancouver and Bow Sim Mak in Boston are the most well-known inheritors of the Fu style.
<p>
<br>
<br>
<p><p><p>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<small>
[footnote 1] It is impossible to reach the highest level (iron wire palm) in external styles if the person's training is begun beyond about 12 years of age, as the necessary hormones no longer exist in the human body after this age. Internal styles like tai chi do not rely upon these hormones to reach the highest level. So people can begin training at a later age and still potentially reach their birth potential [see "The Secrets of Chinese Meditation" by Lu K'uan Yu].
</small>
<p><p><p>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<small>
<em>This site uses the <a href="http://www.nginx.org/">nginx</a> webserver running on <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">openbsd</a>.
<br>
<br>
Website copyright 2007-2017 by Brett Mahar, unless otherwise indicated.</em><br>
<br>
</small>
</td>
</tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
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|
Fu Style
a:link {COLOR: #266C0F;}a:active {COLOR: #2A3F24;}
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
---
**The Fu style, developed by Fu Zhen Song**
[About the Fu style](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/index.html)
[Biography of Fu Zhen Song](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/bio.html)
[Schools teaching this style](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/schools.html)
[Choosing a teacher](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/choosing.html)
[Forms](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/forms.html)
[Pics](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/pics.html)
[Lineage](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/lineage.html)
[Internal style principles](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/principles.html)
[Clips of Fu style](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/clips.html)
[Clips of other styles](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/other_clips.html)
[Scientific research on tai chi](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/scientific.html)
[Other links](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/other_links.html)
[Website author](http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/author.html)
|
**About the Fu style**
*"Fu Yonghui was born into a martial arts family... He followed his father [Fu Zhensong] in his travels around the country and met many famous martial arts teachers. He studied bajiquan with 'Magic Spear Li' (Li Shuwen) and Huo Dianyu. He studied Sun style taiji and push hands with Sun Lutang. He frequently went with his father to visit Li Jinglin, the founder of the Wudang Sword Method. He would get to see the military martial arts competitions and demonstrations, and learn the Wudang Sword Method from Li. When he was in Guangzhou he would get pointers from Yang Chengfu in Yang style taijiquan. He also received secret teachings in xingyiquan from Zhang Baofeng."*
From `Notes on the chief transmitter of Fu style dragon form baguazhang, Fu Yonghui` by Lai Zonghong (translated by Joseph Crandall).
The Fu style is a complete system of Chinese exercise and self-cultivation, developed by Grandmaster Fu Zhen Song (Fu Chen Sung, å
æ¯åµ©, 1881-1953). He was also known as Fu Qiankun (å
ä¹¾å¤). The forms were further refined by his son, Fu Yong Hui (Fu Wing Fai, 1907-1993), and Fu Yong Hui's students such as Chen Leung in Hong Kong. It includes forms of tà ijà quán (太極æ³, t'ai chi ch'uan, tai chi), xing yi quan (å½¢ææ³, h'sing i ch'uan), ba gua zhang (å
«å¦æ, pa kwa chang), liang yi quan (å
©åæ³, "yin-yang boxing"), and weapon forms. As with all other internal styles, they are practiced solely for their health benefits nowadays by most practitioners.
From 1929 the Fus lived and taught in Guang Dong (Canton) and Hong Kong (Fu Wing Fai returned to Hong Kong when the cultural revolution broke out, after having spent time in Canton following Fu Zhen Song's death).
There are two main reasons this style is not as well knows as the styles promoted by the mainland government. Fu style was developed in the 20th century, when many disruptive events (eg war and multiple revolutions) affected China and interrupted teaching. Also, for political reasons (their support of General Sun and democratic government rather than for Mao and the communist style of government).
This type of exercise has many physical and mental health benefits, and for the long term practitioner can be used in self defence.
A 'complete system' is traditional Chinese terminology used to describe a style which contains multiple forms, and proceeds up to the highest level form. eg Shaolin kung fu's highest level form is 'iron wire palm' (sometimes 'iron wire fist'). Systems of kung fu which have an 'iron wire palm' form or equivalent are a complete system.
Fu Zhen Song was a grandmaster because he developed a complete system with logical coherence amongst its forms, proceeding up the the highest level form, Fu style dragon form baguazhang.
An 'internal' system is one which primarily focuses on training a person's 'internal' intrinsic energy.
There are advantages to internal over external systems [1]. The disadvantage of the internal styles is the extreme difficulty of performing the movements exactly right (to the millimetre), without which they are much less effective. This precise whole-body coordination is also required to generate the spiralling force inside the body.
The 'three related' arts, tai ji, xing yi, and ba gua are all internal styles and, from the late 1800s, were often taught together. A common saying is 'tai ji goes from soft to hard and gung fu goes from hard to soft. The approach is different, the goal is the same'. All the internal styles rely upon utilizing the basic laws of physics, leverage and momentum. The Fu style in particular emphasizes directing the body's energy through the waist, using coiling power, and using 'rippling body' stepping. This trains the practitioner to use their body in a healthy manner and react correctly.
As the Fu style was mostly taught outside communist China during the period where these arts were suppressed on the mainland (1940s to 1970s) it was, in some linages, able to retain the essence of the internal systems. Like all talented people, Fu Zhen Song and Fu Wing Fai both continued to refine the system throughout their lives. Therefore, stylistic differences can be seen in different linages - this is especially evident with Fu Wing Fai's students from Hong Kong (where he lived 1966-1993) when compared to his earlier forms taught in Canton.
These days, Victor (Sheng Lung) Fu in Vancouver and Bow Sim Mak in Boston are the most well-known inheritors of the Fu style.
[footnote 1] It is impossible to reach the highest level (iron wire palm) in external styles if the person's training is begun beyond about 12 years of age, as the necessary hormones no longer exist in the human body after this age. Internal styles like tai chi do not rely upon these hormones to reach the highest level. So people can begin training at a later age and still potentially reach their birth potential [see "The Secrets of Chinese Meditation" by Lu K'uan Yu].
*This site uses the [nginx](http://www.nginx.org/) webserver running on [openbsd](http://www.openbsd.org/).
Website copyright 2007-2017 by Brett Mahar, unless otherwise indicated.*
|
| http://coiloptic.org/fustyle/ |
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="photo, shopper, magazine, vest, pocket, Kodak, camera, antique, classic, vintage, photography, history">
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="David Silver">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="reply-to" CONTENT="[email protected]">
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="The sixth article in a series on collecting classic and antique cameras, this article is specifically about vintage vest pocket cameras that used #127 roll film.">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="distribution" CONTENT="global">
<TITLE>Photo Shopper BUYING CLASSIC CAMERAS VI by David Silver</TITLE>
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Copyright © 1996, 2002, David Silver.
<BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE="+5">
<B>BUYING CLASSIC CAMERAS VI</B><BR>
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="+4">
<BR>Requiem for a Great Format<BR>
</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="+2">
<BR><B>by David Silver<BR><BR><BR></B>
</FONT>
<HR>
<FONT SIZE="+2">
<BR><B><I>"Now cracks a noble heart.<BR>
Good night, sweet prince..."</I><BR><BR>
As in Shakespeare's immortal play, when sad Horatio mourns the passing of his beloved Hamlet, soon we may mourn the passing of a great film format.</B><BR><BR>
</FONT>
<HR>
<H3>
With the few remaining suppliers of #127 roll film hinting that they may soon discontinue its manufacture, an eighty-year history of success and survival appears to be coming to an end. Indeed, all things must pass, but while #120 roll film still holds its place as the aged king of photographic formats, we must certainly remember #127 as the original crown prince!<BR><BR>
It all began in 1912 when the Eastman Kodak Company introduced the Vest Pocket Kodak, the first in a long line of highly successful miniature folding bellows cameras. A marvel of compactness, it was actually much smaller than the majority of modern 35mm cameras available today! When not in use, the "VPK" collapsed into a tiny package only an inch thick and measuring a scant 2 1/2 inches wide by 4 3/4 inches tall. When ready to shoot, the front standard was pulled forward nearly three more inches on intricate trellis struts until it clicked into position with the bellows fully extended. The Eastman Kodak Ball Bearing shutter and simple meniscus achromatic lens provided reliable service, and the overall operation was relatively "user friendly" compared to many of the other folding cameras of that period. With the revolutionary use of lightweight metal alloys throughout its construction, this classic camera's sleek styling makes it an undeniable favorite among collectors today, but, more importantly, it was also Eastman's first vehicle for their new #127 roll film format.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0023.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
Offering a full-frame image size of 1 5/8 x 2 1/2 inches, #127 roll film promoted a standard for miniaturization in camera design that had never been achieved before. While there were plenty of smaller cameras produced before the VPK, this new film provided a more adaptable and convenient format that other manufacturers would soon adapt into their own product lines. Its initial popularity is easily illustrated in the longevity of so many #127 models and the sheer number of these cameras still available for the collector today. For example, the original 1912 style of the VPK, which you might assume to be a relatively scarce item, was produced in large numbers through 1926 and is really quite common. An example in excellent overall condition can sell for up to $50, with higher premiums for "Special" models, or those with better lenses, and especially for the earliest variants that lack the Autographic feature Eastman Kodak added in 1915.<BR><BR>
To ensure that this new compact format would be available to photographers of all economic levels, Eastman Kodak was quick to beat their competition when they added a #127 model to their famous line of inexpensive cardboard box cameras. The result was the tiny No. 0 Brownie of 1914. Small enough to rest comfortably on the palm of a man's hand, the No. 0 offered all the no-nonsense simplicity that made the Brownie brand of box cameras so popular, and it stayed in production over twenty years. Although not as common as most of the larger Brownie models, excellent examples can be found in the $20 range and upwards of double that amount with the fancy original box.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0017.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
By 1925 many other manufacturers were developing and improving "vest pocket" models, but Eastman Kodak maintained its advantage with a new winning combination of its own. Taking a cue from the overwhelming success of their larger Folding Pocket Kodak cameras, they replaced the original VPK design with the Vest Pocket Kodak Model B. This competent little snapshooter featured a more conventional folding bed, similar to other folding roll film cameras, and a pull-out front standard sporting a basic rotary shutter and meniscus achromatic lens. This was their "amateur" version and it eventually became one of the best selling cameras in history. The following year, with the more serious photographer in mind, Eastman brought out the Vest Pocket Kodak Series III, which was a true miniature "clone" of the bigger Folding Pocket Kodak cameras, equipped with better lenses and shutters. Both updated VPK variations were later available in fancy colors and finishes, often as part of elaborate cased outfits, and were produced into the mid 1930's. The Model B was also the basis for vest pocket versions of the Premo and Hawk-Eye. Today a plain black example of the Model B or Series III in excellent condition will sell in the $50 range, while a fancy colored Petite, Vanity, or Scout version will usually bring three times that amount if they still have their matching colored bellows. Complete cased Ensemble or Vanity outfits, especially with the original boxes, can go for quite a bit more.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0024.jpg> <IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0025.jpg> <IMG
BORDER="3", SRC=0026.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
During the Depression, 35mm film became the new "kid" on the photographic block and with it came further miniaturization. However, instead of driving #127 out of the market, manufacturers turned to the older established roll film for alternative designs and formats to increase competition. Zeiss Ikon of Germany, for example, produced a marvelous vest pocket camera for #127 film called the Kolibri. It featured a superior Compur shutter and a choice of exceptional lenses, and its 3 x 4 centimeter half-frame format was nearly 40% larger than 35mm. With great attention to style and detail, the Kolibri's solid body design with plush leather exterior and special fitted case made a striking contrast next to similar sized metallic 35mm offerings. While not as economical or versatile as emerging 35mm models, it was blessed with its own undeniable finesse and charm. Today collectors gladly pay prices in the $300 range for these beauties. And Zeiss Ikon produced a better quality line of miniature box cameras, also for 3 x 4 exposures on #127 film, called the Baby-Box Tengor. Unlike most typical 20th century amateur box cameras, they're uncommon items today and sell for about $75 when found in clean and complete condition. In either case, Zeiss Ikon, like a number of other manufacturers, failed to properly promote these fine products in the face of increasing interest in 35mm and they saw little return from their endeavors. They discontinued the lines after just a few years of production and chose to compete with 35mm in different ways.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0033.jpg> <IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0034.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
Some companies, however, ignored the 35mm threat and used #127 roll film to greater advantage. Franke & Heidecke of Germany, despite already dominating the #120 roll film "twins lens reflex" camera market for many years, offered a #127 alternative as early as 1931. Their Rolleiflex 4 x 4, also known as the "baby" Rolleiflex, was never intended as a discount or stripped down version. Indeed, it was a superior machine for the serious photographer looking for a smaller package, featuring the same quality shutter and optics as their larger versions, and was manufactured right up until World War II. In clean and working condition, these "babies" currently fetch about $300. They were so popular in their day that Franke & Heidecke reintroduced a "gray baby" Rolleiflex 4 x 4 from 1957 to about 1963, a very stylish model that came with a specially fitted gray clam shell case. These sold quite well initially and are common today in the $200 range. A final "black baby" model in 1963 met with little interest
and remains a desirable curiosity for collectors. At the prohibitive prices Franke & Heidecke wished to charge for the camera at that time, #127 roll film in the twin lens reflex format was perhaps an idea past its prime. However, they had already left a legacy of superior product from earlier years for collectors to use and appreciate.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0028.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
Back in the Depression again, several other German manufacturers did see some success with #127 roll film in more traditional folding camera styles, but not without the occasional unusual feature to gain the public's attention. For example, Foth & Company sought to emulate the sudden success of the Leica 35mm camera when it introduced its Derby camera in 1930 boasting a cloth focal plane shutter and speeds up to 1/500 of a second. Oddly, the rare original model produced images only 24 x 36 millimeters on #127 roll film, the exact same dimensions as a standard 35mm frame! The potential advantage of #127's larger format was therefore lost! The improved version of the Derby in 1931, however, fixed this shortcoming by expanding the film plane to 3 x 4 centimeter half-frame format. But despite its own very adequate Foth Anastigmat lens, it could also be ordered with a Leitz Elmar lens identical to that found on the Leica camera. This was a roll film camera with a serious 35mm identity crisis! They even stocked a special model covered in "lizard skin" rather than leather, similar in effect to the rare Leica Luxus!! Still, the Foth Derby had a distinctive pop-out bellows, later came with a selection of odd rangefinding devices, and managed to survive until about 1942. Amidst all the variations and confusion, I would hazard to say that a clean basic model would cost a collector about $75, while adding a weird lens or weird format or weird anything else would probably double that price.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0029.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
Now, to sweeten the pot for you collectors, here are a few other comparable vintage miniature folding cameras for #127 roll film that might catch your eye at flea markets, antique swaps and garage sales. The Baldi, Piccochic (a Foth Derby clone!), and Rigona from Balda-Werk; the Dolly Vest Pocket cameras from Certo; the Piccolette (a Vest Pocket Kodak clone) from Contessa; the Vollenda from Nagel-Werk; the rare Makinette from Plaubel; the Ysella from Rodenstock; the Goldi 3 x 4 from ZEH; and so on, and so on! I think you see my point! And, while prices are always negotiable, most of these can be had for under $100 and often closer to $50.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0030.jpg> <IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0031.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
In 1933 Ihagee Kamerawerk took a completely different approach to the #127 format and introduced the Exakta, the first small format "single lens reflex" camera. Appearing in several variations over the next few years, the roll film Exakta was primarily a black beauty that fit snugly in the hands, offered an extremely fast cloth focal plane shutter, provided the modern luxury of through-the-lens focusing, and used the entire 1 5/8 x 2 1/2 inch #127 format to full advantage. Ironically, despite its fabulous features, the Exakta's greatest claim to fame is that it eventually evolved into arguably the most important and influential line of early 35mm system cameras. Therefore, its success was ultimately another dagger into the heart of #127 roll film. Still, the most frequently found version of this classic, the model B, is worth about $300 today.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0032.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
After World War II fewer manufacturers seemed interested in developing top quality cameras for the #127 format, and the photography market was clearly dominated by 35mm and #120 roll film designs. #127 was viewed as an unnecessary compromise, and most companies seemed disinclined to challenge that situation. Perhaps the most noticeable exceptions occurred in Japan, where a number of the larger manufacturers, such as Minolta, Riken, and Yashica, produced some excellent twin lens reflex cameras for the "4 x 4" format in the 1950's and 1960's. Similar to the "baby" Rolleiflex from Franke & Heidecke that preceded them, these were superior cameras for serious photographers. Unfortunately, despite superb optics and overall high quality, they were no more successful than their later German counterparts and soon disappeared from the market. When these and a few other noble efforts were gone, #127 was eventually relegated to secondary status in the land of cheap snapshooters and plastic box cameras. From there it would be a long and lonely death.<BR><BR>
<CENTER>
<IMG BORDER="3", SRC=0027.jpg><BR><BR>
</CENTER>
So what went wrong? Why did the photographic market suddenly abandon the #127 format and all its obvious advantages? How could a film that was the basis for so many cameras for so many people from so many companies possibly fail? Certainly, there are plenty of other notable roll film formats that are gone today, but, compared to #127, their demises were hardly as mysterious.<BR><BR>
For example, the No. 3A Folding Pocket Kodak of 1903 gave us #122 roll film and the classic 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inch "post card" format. A zillion of these big friendly folding cameras were made, with relatively few changes or modifications, over the ensuing forty years. It was undeniably one of Eastman Kodak's greatest triumphs. In fact, while the cameras were phased out of production altogether by the end of World War II, so many of the early models remained in the public's hands that Kodak grudgingly kept stores of #122 roll film available until 1971! But the reasons for ceasing production, however, are still perfectly understandable. The "3A" size was truly emblematic of its time, when there was a more leisurely pace to life and photography was a casual pursuit, but by 1945 and the post-war industrial boom it was just too darn slow and clunky. The fast moving world of the 1950's was hardly the place for a camera the size of a small frying pan! In the face of miniaturization, foreign markets, and advanced technology, #122 was more than just a little bit old fashioned. It was downright archaic!<BR><BR>
For another example, the Kodak Bantam Camera of 1935 introduced #828 roll film as a more efficient alternative to 35mm cassettes. Designed to use more of the space available on raw 35mm stock, it was a well conceived format, but an otherwise ill advised marketing scheme. Eastman, insisting that this was a format for the future, created some fabulous cameras to use their new "bantam" roll film, but the advantages they offered were subtle at best and they just couldn't sell the idea outside of the United States. Despite the obvious lack of popularity, Kodak forced the issue and continued to produce #828 cameras through 1959, and the film was available until just a few years ago. Ironically, the last laugh belonged to Kodak anyway, although they hardly could have predicted it in the 1930's. Little did anyone know that bantam film would eventually evolve into one of the most lucrative photographic marketing successes in the industry's history. With the same film stock loaded into an ingenious plastic drop-in packet instead of onto a traditional spool in 1963, it would become the #126 instamatic cartridge!<BR><BR>
Back to the point, #127 roll film was never "slow and clunky" or obviously "archaic" like #122. Just the opposite, it was small, clean, and quick, yet provided an image area substantially larger than 35mm. And #127 was never just an ill-advised marketing scheme or a format-in-waiting like #828. Instead it was an extremely popular medium for many years that required little initial promotion and inspired confidence among its users. More importantly, photographic manufacturers all over the world gladly embraced the #127 format at first. They recognized its limitless potential, liberally experimented with its application, and exploited it whenever and wherever they could. Yet despite all of this, #127 roll film was somehow a victim of its own prosperity, as it was never perceived to belong to any one particular niche. Longevity grows from stability, and perhaps the use of #127 was spread too thinly for the comfort level of the 1960's market. Whatever the case, it <U>was</U> a great format, and while it never achieved the level of success that #120 roll film attained, as the conventional standard of the photographic industry, it saw its share of heroic endeavors in the evolution of camera technology. Who could have known that it would prove to be a "tragic" hero? So, yes, our crown prince of roll film formats may soon be gone, but, oh, what a royal legacy it left behind for us to collect and acquire and preserve! Imagine, if it had only been king!<BR><BR>
<HR>
<BR>Copyright © 1996, 2002, David Silver. All rights reserved.<BR><BR>
This article first appeared, in this edited form from a longer original manuscript, in the March 11, 1996, issue of <U>Photo</U> <U>Shopper</U> magazine. If you'd like to reprint the article, acquire secondary rights, or inquire on the availability of new articles, please feel free to contact the author at <A HREF="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</A>, thank you!<BR><BR>
<HR>
<BR><A HREF="http://www.photographyhistory.com/contents.html">BACK</A> to the International Photographic Historical Organization article contents page!<BR><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.photographyhistory.com">GO TO</A> the International Photographic Historical Organization home page!<BR><BR>
<A HREF="mailto:[email protected]">CONTACT</A> the author, David Silver, for more information!<BR><BR>
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</TD>
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Photo Shopper BUYING CLASSIC CAMERAS VI by David Silver
| |
| --- |
|
Copyright © 1996, 2002, David Silver.
**BUYING CLASSIC CAMERAS VI**
Requiem for a Great Format
**by David Silver**
---
***"Now cracks a noble heart.
Good night, sweet prince..."*
As in Shakespeare's immortal play, when sad Horatio mourns the passing of his beloved Hamlet, soon we may mourn the passing of a great film format.**
---
With the few remaining suppliers of #127 roll film hinting that they may soon discontinue its manufacture, an eighty-year history of success and survival appears to be coming to an end. Indeed, all things must pass, but while #120 roll film still holds its place as the aged king of photographic formats, we must certainly remember #127 as the original crown prince!
It all began in 1912 when the Eastman Kodak Company introduced the Vest Pocket Kodak, the first in a long line of highly successful miniature folding bellows cameras. A marvel of compactness, it was actually much smaller than the majority of modern 35mm cameras available today! When not in use, the "VPK" collapsed into a tiny package only an inch thick and measuring a scant 2 1/2 inches wide by 4 3/4 inches tall. When ready to shoot, the front standard was pulled forward nearly three more inches on intricate trellis struts until it clicked into position with the bellows fully extended. The Eastman Kodak Ball Bearing shutter and simple meniscus achromatic lens provided reliable service, and the overall operation was relatively "user friendly" compared to many of the other folding cameras of that period. With the revolutionary use of lightweight metal alloys throughout its construction, this classic camera's sleek styling makes it an undeniable favorite among collectors today, but, more importantly, it was also Eastman's first vehicle for their new #127 roll film format.
Offering a full-frame image size of 1 5/8 x 2 1/2 inches, #127 roll film promoted a standard for miniaturization in camera design that had never been achieved before. While there were plenty of smaller cameras produced before the VPK, this new film provided a more adaptable and convenient format that other manufacturers would soon adapt into their own product lines. Its initial popularity is easily illustrated in the longevity of so many #127 models and the sheer number of these cameras still available for the collector today. For example, the original 1912 style of the VPK, which you might assume to be a relatively scarce item, was produced in large numbers through 1926 and is really quite common. An example in excellent overall condition can sell for up to $50, with higher premiums for "Special" models, or those with better lenses, and especially for the earliest variants that lack the Autographic feature Eastman Kodak added in 1915.
To ensure that this new compact format would be available to photographers of all economic levels, Eastman Kodak was quick to beat their competition when they added a #127 model to their famous line of inexpensive cardboard box cameras. The result was the tiny No. 0 Brownie of 1914. Small enough to rest comfortably on the palm of a man's hand, the No. 0 offered all the no-nonsense simplicity that made the Brownie brand of box cameras so popular, and it stayed in production over twenty years. Although not as common as most of the larger Brownie models, excellent examples can be found in the $20 range and upwards of double that amount with the fancy original box.
By 1925 many other manufacturers were developing and improving "vest pocket" models, but Eastman Kodak maintained its advantage with a new winning combination of its own. Taking a cue from the overwhelming success of their larger Folding Pocket Kodak cameras, they replaced the original VPK design with the Vest Pocket Kodak Model B. This competent little snapshooter featured a more conventional folding bed, similar to other folding roll film cameras, and a pull-out front standard sporting a basic rotary shutter and meniscus achromatic lens. This was their "amateur" version and it eventually became one of the best selling cameras in history. The following year, with the more serious photographer in mind, Eastman brought out the Vest Pocket Kodak Series III, which was a true miniature "clone" of the bigger Folding Pocket Kodak cameras, equipped with better lenses and shutters. Both updated VPK variations were later available in fancy colors and finishes, often as part of elaborate cased outfits, and were produced into the mid 1930's. The Model B was also the basis for vest pocket versions of the Premo and Hawk-Eye. Today a plain black example of the Model B or Series III in excellent condition will sell in the $50 range, while a fancy colored Petite, Vanity, or Scout version will usually bring three times that amount if they still have their matching colored bellows. Complete cased Ensemble or Vanity outfits, especially with the original boxes, can go for quite a bit more.
During the Depression, 35mm film became the new "kid" on the photographic block and with it came further miniaturization. However, instead of driving #127 out of the market, manufacturers turned to the older established roll film for alternative designs and formats to increase competition. Zeiss Ikon of Germany, for example, produced a marvelous vest pocket camera for #127 film called the Kolibri. It featured a superior Compur shutter and a choice of exceptional lenses, and its 3 x 4 centimeter half-frame format was nearly 40% larger than 35mm. With great attention to style and detail, the Kolibri's solid body design with plush leather exterior and special fitted case made a striking contrast next to similar sized metallic 35mm offerings. While not as economical or versatile as emerging 35mm models, it was blessed with its own undeniable finesse and charm. Today collectors gladly pay prices in the $300 range for these beauties. And Zeiss Ikon produced a better quality line of miniature box cameras, also for 3 x 4 exposures on #127 film, called the Baby-Box Tengor. Unlike most typical 20th century amateur box cameras, they're uncommon items today and sell for about $75 when found in clean and complete condition. In either case, Zeiss Ikon, like a number of other manufacturers, failed to properly promote these fine products in the face of increasing interest in 35mm and they saw little return from their endeavors. They discontinued the lines after just a few years of production and chose to compete with 35mm in different ways.
Some companies, however, ignored the 35mm threat and used #127 roll film to greater advantage. Franke & Heidecke of Germany, despite already dominating the #120 roll film "twins lens reflex" camera market for many years, offered a #127 alternative as early as 1931. Their Rolleiflex 4 x 4, also known as the "baby" Rolleiflex, was never intended as a discount or stripped down version. Indeed, it was a superior machine for the serious photographer looking for a smaller package, featuring the same quality shutter and optics as their larger versions, and was manufactured right up until World War II. In clean and working condition, these "babies" currently fetch about $300. They were so popular in their day that Franke & Heidecke reintroduced a "gray baby" Rolleiflex 4 x 4 from 1957 to about 1963, a very stylish model that came with a specially fitted gray clam shell case. These sold quite well initially and are common today in the $200 range. A final "black baby" model in 1963 met with little interest
and remains a desirable curiosity for collectors. At the prohibitive prices Franke & Heidecke wished to charge for the camera at that time, #127 roll film in the twin lens reflex format was perhaps an idea past its prime. However, they had already left a legacy of superior product from earlier years for collectors to use and appreciate.
Back in the Depression again, several other German manufacturers did see some success with #127 roll film in more traditional folding camera styles, but not without the occasional unusual feature to gain the public's attention. For example, Foth & Company sought to emulate the sudden success of the Leica 35mm camera when it introduced its Derby camera in 1930 boasting a cloth focal plane shutter and speeds up to 1/500 of a second. Oddly, the rare original model produced images only 24 x 36 millimeters on #127 roll film, the exact same dimensions as a standard 35mm frame! The potential advantage of #127's larger format was therefore lost! The improved version of the Derby in 1931, however, fixed this shortcoming by expanding the film plane to 3 x 4 centimeter half-frame format. But despite its own very adequate Foth Anastigmat lens, it could also be ordered with a Leitz Elmar lens identical to that found on the Leica camera. This was a roll film camera with a serious 35mm identity crisis! They even stocked a special model covered in "lizard skin" rather than leather, similar in effect to the rare Leica Luxus!! Still, the Foth Derby had a distinctive pop-out bellows, later came with a selection of odd rangefinding devices, and managed to survive until about 1942. Amidst all the variations and confusion, I would hazard to say that a clean basic model would cost a collector about $75, while adding a weird lens or weird format or weird anything else would probably double that price.
Now, to sweeten the pot for you collectors, here are a few other comparable vintage miniature folding cameras for #127 roll film that might catch your eye at flea markets, antique swaps and garage sales. The Baldi, Piccochic (a Foth Derby clone!), and Rigona from Balda-Werk; the Dolly Vest Pocket cameras from Certo; the Piccolette (a Vest Pocket Kodak clone) from Contessa; the Vollenda from Nagel-Werk; the rare Makinette from Plaubel; the Ysella from Rodenstock; the Goldi 3 x 4 from ZEH; and so on, and so on! I think you see my point! And, while prices are always negotiable, most of these can be had for under $100 and often closer to $50.
In 1933 Ihagee Kamerawerk took a completely different approach to the #127 format and introduced the Exakta, the first small format "single lens reflex" camera. Appearing in several variations over the next few years, the roll film Exakta was primarily a black beauty that fit snugly in the hands, offered an extremely fast cloth focal plane shutter, provided the modern luxury of through-the-lens focusing, and used the entire 1 5/8 x 2 1/2 inch #127 format to full advantage. Ironically, despite its fabulous features, the Exakta's greatest claim to fame is that it eventually evolved into arguably the most important and influential line of early 35mm system cameras. Therefore, its success was ultimately another dagger into the heart of #127 roll film. Still, the most frequently found version of this classic, the model B, is worth about $300 today.
After World War II fewer manufacturers seemed interested in developing top quality cameras for the #127 format, and the photography market was clearly dominated by 35mm and #120 roll film designs. #127 was viewed as an unnecessary compromise, and most companies seemed disinclined to challenge that situation. Perhaps the most noticeable exceptions occurred in Japan, where a number of the larger manufacturers, such as Minolta, Riken, and Yashica, produced some excellent twin lens reflex cameras for the "4 x 4" format in the 1950's and 1960's. Similar to the "baby" Rolleiflex from Franke & Heidecke that preceded them, these were superior cameras for serious photographers. Unfortunately, despite superb optics and overall high quality, they were no more successful than their later German counterparts and soon disappeared from the market. When these and a few other noble efforts were gone, #127 was eventually relegated to secondary status in the land of cheap snapshooters and plastic box cameras. From there it would be a long and lonely death.
So what went wrong? Why did the photographic market suddenly abandon the #127 format and all its obvious advantages? How could a film that was the basis for so many cameras for so many people from so many companies possibly fail? Certainly, there are plenty of other notable roll film formats that are gone today, but, compared to #127, their demises were hardly as mysterious.
For example, the No. 3A Folding Pocket Kodak of 1903 gave us #122 roll film and the classic 3 1/4 x 5 1/2 inch "post card" format. A zillion of these big friendly folding cameras were made, with relatively few changes or modifications, over the ensuing forty years. It was undeniably one of Eastman Kodak's greatest triumphs. In fact, while the cameras were phased out of production altogether by the end of World War II, so many of the early models remained in the public's hands that Kodak grudgingly kept stores of #122 roll film available until 1971! But the reasons for ceasing production, however, are still perfectly understandable. The "3A" size was truly emblematic of its time, when there was a more leisurely pace to life and photography was a casual pursuit, but by 1945 and the post-war industrial boom it was just too darn slow and clunky. The fast moving world of the 1950's was hardly the place for a camera the size of a small frying pan! In the face of miniaturization, foreign markets, and advanced technology, #122 was more than just a little bit old fashioned. It was downright archaic!
For another example, the Kodak Bantam Camera of 1935 introduced #828 roll film as a more efficient alternative to 35mm cassettes. Designed to use more of the space available on raw 35mm stock, it was a well conceived format, but an otherwise ill advised marketing scheme. Eastman, insisting that this was a format for the future, created some fabulous cameras to use their new "bantam" roll film, but the advantages they offered were subtle at best and they just couldn't sell the idea outside of the United States. Despite the obvious lack of popularity, Kodak forced the issue and continued to produce #828 cameras through 1959, and the film was available until just a few years ago. Ironically, the last laugh belonged to Kodak anyway, although they hardly could have predicted it in the 1930's. Little did anyone know that bantam film would eventually evolve into one of the most lucrative photographic marketing successes in the industry's history. With the same film stock loaded into an ingenious plastic drop-in packet instead of onto a traditional spool in 1963, it would become the #126 instamatic cartridge!
Back to the point, #127 roll film was never "slow and clunky" or obviously "archaic" like #122. Just the opposite, it was small, clean, and quick, yet provided an image area substantially larger than 35mm. And #127 was never just an ill-advised marketing scheme or a format-in-waiting like #828. Instead it was an extremely popular medium for many years that required little initial promotion and inspired confidence among its users. More importantly, photographic manufacturers all over the world gladly embraced the #127 format at first. They recognized its limitless potential, liberally experimented with its application, and exploited it whenever and wherever they could. Yet despite all of this, #127 roll film was somehow a victim of its own prosperity, as it was never perceived to belong to any one particular niche. Longevity grows from stability, and perhaps the use of #127 was spread too thinly for the comfort level of the 1960's market. Whatever the case, it was a great format, and while it never achieved the level of success that #120 roll film attained, as the conventional standard of the photographic industry, it saw its share of heroic endeavors in the evolution of camera technology. Who could have known that it would prove to be a "tragic" hero? So, yes, our crown prince of roll film formats may soon be gone, but, oh, what a royal legacy it left behind for us to collect and acquire and preserve! Imagine, if it had only been king!
---
Copyright © 1996, 2002, David Silver. All rights reserved.
This article first appeared, in this edited form from a longer original manuscript, in the March 11, 1996, issue of Photo Shopper magazine. If you'd like to reprint the article, acquire secondary rights, or inquire on the availability of new articles, please feel free to contact the author at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]), thank you!
---
[BACK](http://www.photographyhistory.com/contents.html) to the International Photographic Historical Organization article contents page!
[GO TO](http://www.photographyhistory.com) the International Photographic Historical Organization home page!
[CONTACT](mailto:[email protected]) the author, David Silver, for more information!
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An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod\_Security.
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<html><head><title>Why The Web Sucks (You Just Don't Know It)</title></head>
<body><h1 align=center>Why The Web Sucks (You Just Don't Know It)</h1>
<p>
<div align=center>by Sean Barrett, the man with no blog<br>2004-09-10</div>
<p>
Once upon a time, the World Wide Web was going to be this awesome
democratizing "everyone publishes, everyone reads" medium--a giant
international bulletin board. Sure, most people just posted pictures of
their cat. The power law meant some Mahirs and dancing hamsters were
more popular than others. But there was something really neat about
this idea.
<p>
Nowadays, most people seem to consider that web dead, save for blogs.
<p>
For a while I've wanted to rant about the way I think the W3C has killed the
web, but I've been sitting on it for probably a year, because, to be honest, I
know nothing about the W3C and the web standardization process (other than
the fact that they didn't seem open to public comment in 1998—hence,
six years later, <a href="http://nothings.org/computer/badtable/">browsers
still lay tables out poorly</a>). However, I just discovered that browser
developers started publically
griping about the W3C themselves back in June 2004. David Baron of Mozilla
<a href="http://dbaron.org/log/2004-06#e20040609a">wrote</a>:
"[I] believe that the
W3C is no longer the primary organization to which we should look for
future standardization on the Web." Ian Hickson of Opera
<a href="http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1085936527&count=1">commented</a>
before a W3C workshop (he doesn't seem to have summed it up quite as
well afterwards)
<p>
<blockquote>I'm very much at a loss as to what to expect from this
workshop. On the one hand I really can't see us convincing everyone
else that the solution is to continue down the HTML path.
After all, it's not in the interests of most of the other attendees.
Many of them are wanting to sell SVG, XForms, or XHTML products,
and most of those who aren't are probably more concerned with
developing a good theoretical solution than addressing the
unfortunate pragmatic needs of today's authors.</blockquote>
<p>
The W3C is a consortium of the sorts of attendees Hickson describes.
<p>
Brendan Eich (also of Mozilla) summarized the W3C cleverly with the title
of this blog post:
<a href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html">The
non-world non-wide non-web</a>.
<blockquote>The sad fact is that the w3c is not concerned with the
world wide web, AKA the Internet. Rather, the focus for a while now
seems to be on vertical tool/plugin and service/cellphone markets,
where interoperation is not a requirement, content authors are few
and paid by the vertical service provider, and new standards provide
livelihoods and junkets for a relative handful of academics, standards
body employees, and big company implementors.</blockquote>
<p>
That should be enough to give you a sense of what the W3C is up to.
<p>
Fortunately, these guys are not all talk and no action. They have turned
around and given us the
<a href="http://whatwg.org/">WHAT Working Group</a>,
"a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide Web."
<p>
That seems a pretty clear mandate, right? Applications over the WWW,
in clear contrast to the W3C's vertical intranet model. Hickson elaborates in
his blog (if you have to skip, read the last paragraph at least, and hover):
<p>
<blockquote>
Then again, I work for a browser vendor, and have been in the browser
industry (both voluntarily and as a job) for years now. So it's not surprise
that I think the browser is important as an application platform. (Obviously,
though, as Robert Scoble is eager to tell us,
<a href="http://radio.weblogs.com/0001011/2004/06/24.html#a7872">Web apps aren't the answer to
everything</a>. I wouldn't recommend to anyone that they try to write a
graphics manipulation package in HTML.)
<p>
The problem with the browser <i>today</i> is that applications based in
the browser are constrained to nightmarish UI idioms and a severe lack
of polish stemming from the fact that the platform was not really developed
as a platform, and that no real progress has been made on this path for
several years.
<p>
John Gruber <a href="http://daringfireball.net/2004/06/location_field">points out</a>
that users don't really seem to care about the poor UI, though. The other advantages
especially the true zero-install cost of Web-based applications far outweigh the costs.
<p>
But that's why we started <b>WHATWG</b>: we want to make it easier to
make nicer the kinds of applications that it makes sense to deploy over the
Web.
<a href="http://www.gmail.com/">Mail</a> and
<a href="http://groups.google.com/">news</a> clients.
Cinema ticket sales.
<a href="http://barnesandnoble.com/"> Book stores</a>.
<a href="http://www.ebay.com/">Auction sites</a>.
<a href="http://www.voidwars.com">Multiplayer stategy games</a>.
</blockquote>
<p>(Links and markup from original.)
<p>
Hickson's really throwing down the gauntlet here. Clearly there are two sorts
of uses a browser can be put to
<ol>
<li>Vertical intranet "web" applications
<li>World-Wide Web applications--typically ecommerce or social apps
</ol>
and WHATWG is all about #2.
<p>
In a later blog entry he hedges, seemingly believing that
they might as well tweak work they do
improving #2 so it helps #1 as well:
<blockquote>Something I hadn't realised until recently is quite how many
Web applications are hidden away inside intranet sites. I always knew that
there were some there, but the sheer numbers of such applications is quite
surprising. A few people have sent me confidential screenshots of their
intranet applications (with the sensitive parts censored, of course), which
has really helped get me an idea of the kinds of features that would be most
helpful to people writing such sites.</blockquote>
<p>
He doesn't really explain this desire, but I don't think it's really anything sinister or inconsistent.
<p>
Now, all of these posts are about web applications, so technically the fact
that they only mention web applications isn't a fault, but there are enough
comments about the Web in general and about browsers in general that I
pretty much feel justified in asking: what about #3? You know, the part
where people post documents and other people read them, as opposed to
web applications of flavors 1 or 2? As C J Silverio
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010702181257/http://www.ceejbot.com/Words/show.php">observed</a>
a long time ago (in a rant coincidentally titled the same as this one),
"The net is precious to me because it gives ordinary human beings
a way to communicate with other ordinary human beings. Corporations
have too many ways to cram their ads down my throat. Human beings
have the net."
<p>
I get the feeling that browser authors feel it's ok to focus on things
like web applications because case #3 is well in hand, what
with CSS to give nice pretty presentation and all. There's nothing they can
do about the all-important content--that's up to the individual authors.
<p>
And yes, they can't change the content, can't make it suck less.
But there's a <b>lot</b>
they can do about my <i>interaction</i> with that content!
<p>
This is why the web sucks, but you just don't know it. It sucks because
your experience interacting with the web could be vastly better, but browser
authors are instead caught up in enhancing the abilities of <i>content creators</i>
to enhance your experience, instead of directly enhancing your experience.
Yet very little of the stuff the web browser creators are adding comes into play
in most of my interaction with the <i>world wide web</i> (as opposed to the
non-world non-wide non-web), especially in
case #3--plain old documents from average users. Average users having nothing
to do with this stuff; as ceej's rant above describes, ability to generate good content
has little bearing on ability to generate good presentation.
<p>
In fact, individuals writing material for the web these days are probably writing
in blogs, posting comments to bulletin boards (using bbcode instead of HTML),
and contributing to wikis (with their own custom markup language). In none of
these cases will <i>those users</i> directly use features of, say, CSS, much less Web
Forms. (The indirect use of CSS in templates as presentation separate from
content is pretty much irrelevant in all three of those cases, where HTML is
constructed dynamically from a content database anyway. The indirect use of forms
for wikis and bulletin boards is obvious, but also not obviously in need of much
more than a text area and a submit button.)
<p>
Here's a list of major browser standards introduced roughly
after Netscape 3 (when I started noticing browser devolution):
<ul>
<li>PNG
<li>HTML 4.01
<li>CSS1
<li>DOM / DHTML
<li>XHTML
<li>CSS2
<li>SVG
</ul>
(This may be incomplete, and is definitely unordered.
You'd think somebody would have a nice timeline of
web standards, but I couldn't find one.)
<p>
On the other hand, we can look at major browser innovations independent of the
above (this is based on my experience with Firefox; I haven't tried Opera in four
or five years):
<ul>
<li>tabbed browsing
<li>incremental search
</ul>
<p>
Now what I want you to think about is the amount of work browser
authors have put into implementing the standards above (which, I
claim, primarily improve the ability of content authors to control
the appearance and interactivity--though PNG is a special
case involving GIF patents),
versus the amount of work browser authors put
into improving the user-controlled experience of
interacting with web pages (in the form of those last two innovations, the first of which
is a small improvement on the Windows MDI model, and the latter of which has
been in Emacs forever). Now, you might protest "but they do lots of other work for
the user experience besides just adding major features", and this is somewhat true,
but it's pretty much just about treading water compared to something like NS 3 (that
is, the user experience treads water even if making that user experience the same
requires a lot of work due to the new standards). And they're going to do that
work no matter what; it's not optional. However much work they've put in on such things,
I'm arguing we've traded off work on major new features for user-controlled
experience in favor of new standards for author-control, even though the reality
is that most of the websites I (at least) visit do not use those new standards, or
if they do, use them without enhancing my experience (e.g. XHTML), or without
significantly enhancing my experience (as in most uses of DHTML; see
<a href="#appendixA">Appendix A</a>).
<p>
To give you a hand thinking about this, let's point out how big the specifications
for those standards are. Since pages and lines can be arbitrarily sized, I'm just
going to use bytecounts of uncompressed HTML-formatted specs to give us a
ballpark understanding. (Some of these are one long file, some are multiple files,
which may skew the results somewhat. Don't look at me, this is how the W3C
distributes them.)
<p>
<table border=1 cellpadding=4 align=center>
<tr><td align=right><b>210 KB</b><td>HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866 is only 143KB, though)</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>128 KB</b><td>HTML 3.2</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>187 KB</b><td>CSS1</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>1,547 KB</b><td>HTML 4.01</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>2,131 KB</b><td>XHTML 1.0 (72KB) + XML (220KB) + HTML 4.01 (1,839 KB)<br> and not even counting various other specifications like XML namespaces</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>1,106 KB</b><td>CSS2</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>638 KB</b><td>DOM Level One (2nd ed)</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>827 KB</b><td>DOM Level Two Core + Level Two HTML</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>313 KB</b><td>PNG (2nd ed)</tr>
<tr><td align=right><b>3,886 KB</b><td>SVG 1.1</tr>
</table>
<p>
Let me highlight a few elements of this. XML, a specification for generic
self-delimiting ASCII data files, is nearly twice the size of HTML 3.2, a fairly
full-fledged markup language with tables and fonts and everything.
SVG 1.1 is 10 times the size of PNG (of course it's quite different; perhaps
it would be more relevant to compare the size of the SVG specification to
the size of the Flash Player DLL). HTML 4.01 is over 10 times as big as
HTML 3.2; CSS2 is almost as big.
<p>
What is all of this good for? A lot of what seems to have turned web authors'
cranks about CSS has simply been features entirely unavailable in plain HTML,
like positioning. Positioning is all about abandoning the old model that
authors can't have total control over the layout. It's all about abandoning
the idea that different people access a website in different contexts.
What this means, of course, is a lot of lousy browsing experience going to
web sites where your fonts aren't the size they expect or your web browser
is narrower than they expected. (The web browsers naturally honor requests
for frames without scrollbars even when they're needed, since the content
creator is always right!) I even get to use my handy "zap style sheet" bookmarklet
when I reach websites that are theoretically well-designed but in practice
unreadable for me simply due to
<a href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html">insufficient
text contrast</a>. Yes, Virginia. There really are people out there with content
worth reading but whose presentation sucks, at least for my poor eyes and tiny
screen pixels. (Huh, what? User stylesheets? I have to <i>learn CSS</i> to
<i>view</i> the web?)
<p>
So not only do these new standards get used rarely, but when they do, a lot of the
time they seem to just make things worse on category #3 sites—which
makes the effort spent implementing
them seem a tad frivolous. (Especially if what you believe is that it's the content
that really matters.) Now, in part, CSS was developed in the hopes that web authors
would be able to stop having to do browser-specific workarounds to display
what they want, but apparently IE's incomplete CSS support hosed this plan.
That this surprises anyone surprises me.
If you keep evolving the standards, <i>nobody</i> is going to be
up to spec! As a result, web designers are basically just as screwed as they
were, and people with perfectly functional old web browsers are forced to
upgrade to slightly less-functional browsers with better standards support
(I only switched from Netscape Navigator 4.08 within the last year). Is
anybody happy? I guess the people being paid to implement the new
standards.
<p>
Some time, a long time ago, the Mozilla developers got it in their head that they were
developing an application platform, and they've never lost that drive, and it seems
use #3 has long since fallen by the wayside. As a result,
real security concerns arise, and we end up with web applications developers from
category #1 (I guess) <a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=22183">arguing
against disallowing 'location=no'</a> when you have to wonder why we even
need to give people in category #3--and even people in category #2 who are
the <i>imitatees</i> of phishing scams--the ability to download custom XUL.
(In fact, a deeper concern this bug advances is that even
without XUL, somebody can spoof a fake window in the middle of the client
area just using DHTML. Somehow I seem
to be the only one in the world who sees this as evidence that providing DHTML
over the insecure world of the Internet is <i>itself</i> going too far. Maybe we
don't have to be quite so Turing-complete? Does PayPal really prefer to have
the option to spiffify their UI at the cost of making life easier for phishers?)
<p>
So, look, obviously if what you care about is #1, or even #2, I'm not going
to convince you. You can just wander off now, content in the fact that I don't
understand the business proposition facing browser authors, or whatever. And
sure, I don't. You can argue that maybe we need a whole different class of web
browsers for #3-style web page browsing, or just to make fuck-ups like me happy.
But those #2-driven browsers create a market in which <i>all</i> browsers must
be standards compliant. I'm all for standards compliance in theory, but right now
that means all browsers need to implement those 7+MB of features the W3C
spewed out while people still considered the W3C relevant, rather than just, say,
the 128KB HTML 3.2 specification. (Ok, 7MB includes SVG; even without that,
we're still talking 20x the size of HTML 3.2, and probably more than 20x
the complexity, since most of this stuff isn't modular the way, say, the
Flash plugin is.) This is complicated enough it's nearly impossible to start
a new browser from scratch, and even "new browser" efforts like Firefox
that build from an open source base like Mozilla turn out to be hemmed in by the
original architecture.
<p>
It's an interesting experience to read through Bugzilla
and discover how hard some things are that obviously are only hard because
of the architecture, not because of some inherent problem. For example, some
users would like the ability for, say, the file "foo.c" to open in the browser
inline, rather than launching out to the OS-configured external application (in
my case, a programming IDE):
<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57342">bug #57342</a>.
It turns out that Mozilla's file download "stream
converter" model has some limitation (last discussed
<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=93055">in March
2002</a>) that makes it difficult for the browser
to change its mind in the middle of the download from downloading as
a file to downloading to the browser. (The problem being that once the
stream is seen to be not a type the browser handles internally, it is handed off
to a system that pops up a 'do you want to save or open with', and adding
the option 'open with browser' there is hard. Yet, clearly, given only that
specification and no existing infrastructure, the problem is not at all hard.
Parse the stream; if it's not "text/html" or another type handled internally,
pause, pop up the window, discover what you should do with it, and go.
Mozilla instead has already bailed on internalizing the stream by the time the window
pops up, and it's too late to go back.)
<p>
Sometimes it's hard to see in Bugzilla what exactly the holdup is. If I want
to click an .mp3 link and have the URL be handed to my streaming mp3 player,
rather than have it downloaded entirely and then handed over, I am stuck.
(Unless, apparently, I use Opera or IE). For Firefox, this is
<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=225882">bug 225882</a>:
"Ability to pass URLs to helper apps (for streaming) instead of downloading and
then passing the entire file." Fixing this bug depends on some "backend work",
marked as a dependency on
<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137339">bug 137339</a>:
"want way to hand URL to helper apps without downloading whole document
first", which I guess is the Mozilla version of this bug--although it's marked OS
Linux, and it last received a comment in January 2003. Meanwhile, that bug is
marked as depending on
<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90501">bug 90501</a>:
"Allow sending URL instead of file to helper app based on content type." (Sound
familiar?) Last real comment in January 2003 (save for a dupe report and a
"I really want this" comment). The three bugs only have 10, 6, and 2 votes,
so they don't get much love. And I believe these sorts of things
would have gotten fixed faster if standards-compliance wasn't so complicated.
<small>I'd think about fixing these things myself, but Mozilla falls in the realm of code
so over-engineered it takes too long to get up to speed to change the tiniest thing.
(Possibly this is necessary over-engineering due to the complexity of the problem
and the desire for widely distributed programming. But it's an impassable barrier
for me to do any casual fixing, and in my estimation it must be a barrier to getting
outside contributors.)</small>
<p>
Worse yet, Opera and Mozilla and Apple aren't saying, "Goddamn this stuff is just already
too complicated. Let's just freeze what we've got and really consider it a standard, so
we can just fix all the damn bugs and work on interactivity." Instead, it seems
they've bought whole hog into W3C's "what's good for the web is constant generation
of new standards", and they're happily generating more and more! Yay! Go content
authors, now you can make <a href="http://whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#graphics">javascript draw images</a>! Spoofers of the world unite! (If nothing else it's great for Opera, since
it raises the barrier to entry for potential competitors. Since the other browsers aren't developed
for profit, though, and they're just as gung ho, that's probably not Opera's reasoning
either.)
<p>
Meanwhile, when someone mentions something to me and I remember having seen
something relevant on the web a little while ago, I get to grovel through thousands
of poorly-organized bookmarks <small><i>(missed innovation opportunity)</i></small>
hoping I thought to bookmark it, because if I didn't
bookmark it, I get to grovel through my IE-clone "history pane" with less
functionality than <a href="history_search.png">the Netscape 4 history window</a>
<small><i>(browser devolution due to Firefox's anti-featureism)</i></small>,
but it's not there because I only keep 9 days of history
because it's dog slow
if I keep 90 days</a> much less 730
<small><i>(<a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193236">18-month-old bug</a>)</i></small>,
and then I have to go to <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a> and hope I can
remember something distinctive enough to locate the page again although its Page Rank is
low—even though hard drives these days are enormous and why aren't
I just full-text searching the text of all the web pages I've visited in the last 90
days <small><i>(missed innovation opportunity)</i></small>?
<a href="#bugzilla"><small><sup>1</sup></small></a>
<a href="#bigpicture"><small><sup>2</sup></small></a>
I don't know, but it seems to be because
the <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/blue-sky/">blue sky</a> got clouded over by
Hurricane WebApp.
<p>
<small><a name="bugzilla"><sup>1</sup></a> I actually had to do
this while writing this article—except
searching on Bugzilla not Google--because I never end up thinking up the right keywords
for finding bugs I've seen before. If you're wondering why the link about XUL spoofing
didn't actually have any web app devs arguing against 'location=no', it's because I think I saw
that somewhere, but I couldn't find the actual bug where I'd seen it.</small>
<p>
<small><a name="bigpicture"><sup>2</sup>This isn't a
unique scenario. I'm constantly bumping into these sorts of bugs (misfeatures) and browser
devolutions whenever I use Firefox. Some of these show in Bugzilla as new Firefox bugs;
some show as ancient, unloved bugs in Mozilla. Many of the obvious possible innovations
show up as enhancement requests; who knows how many non-obvious ones we're
ignoring? And then there are the devolutions. Some of these are hard to judge,
since different people approach the browser with different workflow, and I'm a
power user, but I think little issues <a href="rightmouse_back.html">like this behavior
I hate</a> indicate a lack of "big picture" thought about the web-browsing experience in
favor of (in this case) pursuit of standards and conventional rules-of-thumb.</small>
<p>
<hr>
<h2><a name="appendixA">Appendix A</a>: Data From My Browser History</h2>
<p>
Looking at the last 25 pages in my browser history (25 because that's when I got
bored--this actually takes a lot of work), I find:
<ul>
<li>40% are category 3; 16% are web applications
<li>68% use stylesheets; 16% use inline CSS; 16% use no CSS
<li>64% specify no DTD; 16% are HTML 4, 4% are HTML 3.2; 16% are XHTML 1.0
<li>8% use DHTML; 40% use JavaScript in other significant ways; ~16% more use JS in trivial ways
</ul>
Only one of the four web applications (Google, Wikipedia, NetFlix, and LiveJournal), used DHTML on the pages I looked at, as far as I could tell (I didn't look that hard at the javascript). And that was just Wikipedia, using it to allow you to hide
an article's table of contents. (The other use of DHTML was for pop-up menus on
rollover on NVIDIA's site, which added no value at all IMO.)
<p>
Actually, on further reflection, I guess LiveJournal recently added a new "inline comment" feature that's DHTML, but I wasn't looking at a page with comments.
<p>
<h3>Raw Data</h3>
<p>
The following table details most of the sites in my browser
history from the last few days. For each site, I indicate the
type of HTML: <b>HTML 4.01</b>, <b>XHTML 1.0</b>, etc.
(Some pages don't specify a DTD, especially hand-authored
pages.) Also the use of CSS: <b>CSS</b>, <b>inline CSS</b> (no separate
style sheet), <b><strike>CSS</strike></b> (no style use); the
use of SVG: <b>SVG</b> (ok, guess what, there's none); the use of
DHTML/DOM and JavaScript: <b>DHTML</b>, <b>JS</b>.
(I omit JS if it's only used for banner ads, e.g. Google
AdSense, and trivial things like opening comment windows.)
I probably should have made note of pages that used tables
for layout, as almost all of them did (if they did any
layout at all). All sites with XHTML sent it as text/plain.
<p>
I also indicate whether it is category <b>2</b>
(a web-application sort of site) or category <b>3</b>
(plain documents authored by Joe EndUser),
or <b>#</b> for professionally-created plain documents.
<p>
I only include one page from each site.
<p>
<table cellpadding=4 border=1>
<tr><td>HTML 4.01 Transitional, inline CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/index.html">Joel on Software</a> blog-ish
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 3.2, <strike>CSS</strike>
<td>#?
<td><a href="http://www.slashdot.org">Slashdot</a> news summarizer (didn't count JS/CSS from ad)
</tr>
<tr><td>?, inline CSS, JS
<td>2
<td><a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a> search engine
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 4.0 Transitional, inline CSS, JS
<td>2
<td><a href="http://www.livejournal.com">LiveJournal</a> webapp blog host (use of style sheets depends on user settings)
</tr>
<tr><td>?, Flash, <strike>CSS</strike>
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.brainwash.com">BrainWash</a> laundromat
</tr>
<tr><td>?, JS, <strike>CSS</strike>
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.redmeat.com">RedMeat</a> print comic
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Strict, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://grumpygamer.com/main">Grumpy Gamer</a> blog
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.snopes.com">Snopes Urban Legends Reference Pages</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.scarygoround.com">Scary Go Round</a> web comic
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.imdb.com">Internet Movie Database</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS, JS
<td>2
<td><a href="http://www.netflix.com">NetFlix</a> DVD rentals
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/">Language Log</a> linguistics blog
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS, JS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6693-2004Sep8_2.html">Washington Post</a> online news
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS, DHTML
<td>#
<td><a href="http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5942268/">MSNBC</a> online news
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS, JS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.theonion.com/">The Onion</a> online news parody
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS, JS?
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/20/public_enemy.html">Interview with Chuck D & Hank Shocklee of Public Enemy</a> online magazine archive
</tr>
<tr><td>?, inline CSS, JS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.wunderground.com/US/CA/Oakland.html">Weather Underground</a> weather information
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.umamitsunami.com/">Umami Tsunami</a> blog
</tr>
<tr><td>?, inline CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.funkytroll.com/drawing/index.html">Casey Learns to Draw</a> pseudo-blog
</tr>
<tr><td>?, <strike>CSS</strike>
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.gmail-is-too-creepy.com/">Gmail is too creepy</a> blog spinoff
</tr>
<tr><td>?, JS, <strike>CSS</strike>
<td>3
<td><a href="http://sluggy.com">Sluggy Freelance</a> webcomic
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS,
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.logcabin.org/logcabin/press_090804.html">Log Cabin Republicans</a> political organization press release
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS, JS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://developer.nvidia.com/page/home">NVIDIA Developer Web Site</a> hardware vendor developer relations
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://www.rpgamer.com/games/ff/ff7/ff7.html">RPG Gamer</a> gaming web site
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS, DHTML
<td>2
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College">Wikipedia</a> online encyclopedia
</tr>
<tr><td colspan=3><small>sites below this line were actually
earlier in browser history but were visited for the purposes
of writing this article, and are omitted from the totals to
avoid bias</small></tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS
<td>#
<td><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/blue-sky/">Mozilla blue sky</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS, JS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html">Brendan's Roadmap Update</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS, JS
<td>2
<td><a href="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=22183">Bugzilla Bug 22183</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>HTML 4.0, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://ln.hixie.ch/">Hixie's Natural Log</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>?, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010702181257/http://www.ceejbot.com/Words/show.php">Why the web sucks, II</a>
</tr>
<tr><td>XHTML 1.0 Strict, CSS
<td>3
<td><a href="http://dbaron.org/log/2004-06#e20040607a">David Baron's weblog</a>
</table>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<a href="http://nothings.org/">home</a> : sean <i>at</i> nothings <i>dot</i> org
</body></html>
| Why The Web Sucks (You Just Don't Know It)
# Why The Web Sucks (You Just Don't Know It)
by Sean Barrett, the man with no blog
2004-09-10
Once upon a time, the World Wide Web was going to be this awesome
democratizing "everyone publishes, everyone reads" medium--a giant
international bulletin board. Sure, most people just posted pictures of
their cat. The power law meant some Mahirs and dancing hamsters were
more popular than others. But there was something really neat about
this idea.
Nowadays, most people seem to consider that web dead, save for blogs.
For a while I've wanted to rant about the way I think the W3C has killed the
web, but I've been sitting on it for probably a year, because, to be honest, I
know nothing about the W3C and the web standardization process (other than
the fact that they didn't seem open to public comment in 1998—hence,
six years later, [browsers
still lay tables out poorly](http://nothings.org/computer/badtable/)). However, I just discovered that browser
developers started publically
griping about the W3C themselves back in June 2004. David Baron of Mozilla
[wrote](http://dbaron.org/log/2004-06#e20040609a):
"[I] believe that the
W3C is no longer the primary organization to which we should look for
future standardization on the Web." Ian Hickson of Opera
[commented](http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1085936527&count=1)
before a W3C workshop (he doesn't seem to have summed it up quite as
well afterwards)
> I'm very much at a loss as to what to expect from this
> workshop. On the one hand I really can't see us convincing everyone
> else that the solution is to continue down the HTML path.
> After all, it's not in the interests of most of the other attendees.
> Many of them are wanting to sell SVG, XForms, or XHTML products,
> and most of those who aren't are probably more concerned with
> developing a good theoretical solution than addressing the
> unfortunate pragmatic needs of today's authors.
The W3C is a consortium of the sorts of attendees Hickson describes.
Brendan Eich (also of Mozilla) summarized the W3C cleverly with the title
of this blog post:
[The
non-world non-wide non-web](http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html).
> The sad fact is that the w3c is not concerned with the
> world wide web, AKA the Internet. Rather, the focus for a while now
> seems to be on vertical tool/plugin and service/cellphone markets,
> where interoperation is not a requirement, content authors are few
> and paid by the vertical service provider, and new standards provide
> livelihoods and junkets for a relative handful of academics, standards
> body employees, and big company implementors.
That should be enough to give you a sense of what the W3C is up to.
Fortunately, these guys are not all talk and no action. They have turned
around and given us the
[WHAT Working Group](http://whatwg.org/),
"a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide Web."
That seems a pretty clear mandate, right? Applications over the WWW,
in clear contrast to the W3C's vertical intranet model. Hickson elaborates in
his blog (if you have to skip, read the last paragraph at least, and hover):
>
> Then again, I work for a browser vendor, and have been in the browser
> industry (both voluntarily and as a job) for years now. So it's not surprise
> that I think the browser is important as an application platform. (Obviously,
> though, as Robert Scoble is eager to tell us,
> [Web apps aren't the answer to
> everything](http://radio.weblogs.com/0001011/2004/06/24.html#a7872). I wouldn't recommend to anyone that they try to write a
> graphics manipulation package in HTML.)
>
> The problem with the browser *today* is that applications based in
> the browser are constrained to nightmarish UI idioms and a severe lack
> of polish stemming from the fact that the platform was not really developed
> as a platform, and that no real progress has been made on this path for
> several years.
>
> John Gruber [points out](http://daringfireball.net/2004/06/location_field)
> that users don't really seem to care about the poor UI, though. The other advantages
> especially the true zero-install cost of Web-based applications far outweigh the costs.
>
> But that's why we started **WHATWG**: we want to make it easier to
> make nicer the kinds of applications that it makes sense to deploy over the
> Web.
> [Mail](http://www.gmail.com/) and
> [news](http://groups.google.com/) clients.
> Cinema ticket sales.
> [Book stores](http://barnesandnoble.com/).
> [Auction sites](http://www.ebay.com/).
> [Multiplayer stategy games](http://www.voidwars.com).
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
(Links and markup from original.)
Hickson's really throwing down the gauntlet here. Clearly there are two sorts
of uses a browser can be put to
1. Vertical intranet "web" applications
- World-Wide Web applications--typically ecommerce or social apps
and WHATWG is all about #2.
In a later blog entry he hedges, seemingly believing that
they might as well tweak work they do
improving #2 so it helps #1 as well:
> Something I hadn't realised until recently is quite how many
> Web applications are hidden away inside intranet sites. I always knew that
> there were some there, but the sheer numbers of such applications is quite
> surprising. A few people have sent me confidential screenshots of their
> intranet applications (with the sensitive parts censored, of course), which
> has really helped get me an idea of the kinds of features that would be most
> helpful to people writing such sites.
He doesn't really explain this desire, but I don't think it's really anything sinister or inconsistent.
Now, all of these posts are about web applications, so technically the fact
that they only mention web applications isn't a fault, but there are enough
comments about the Web in general and about browsers in general that I
pretty much feel justified in asking: what about #3? You know, the part
where people post documents and other people read them, as opposed to
web applications of flavors 1 or 2? As C J Silverio
[observed](http://web.archive.org/web/20010702181257/http://www.ceejbot.com/Words/show.php)
a long time ago (in a rant coincidentally titled the same as this one),
"The net is precious to me because it gives ordinary human beings
a way to communicate with other ordinary human beings. Corporations
have too many ways to cram their ads down my throat. Human beings
have the net."
I get the feeling that browser authors feel it's ok to focus on things
like web applications because case #3 is well in hand, what
with CSS to give nice pretty presentation and all. There's nothing they can
do about the all-important content--that's up to the individual authors.
And yes, they can't change the content, can't make it suck less.
But there's a **lot**
they can do about my *interaction* with that content!
This is why the web sucks, but you just don't know it. It sucks because
your experience interacting with the web could be vastly better, but browser
authors are instead caught up in enhancing the abilities of *content creators*
to enhance your experience, instead of directly enhancing your experience.
Yet very little of the stuff the web browser creators are adding comes into play
in most of my interaction with the *world wide web* (as opposed to the
non-world non-wide non-web), especially in
case #3--plain old documents from average users. Average users having nothing
to do with this stuff; as ceej's rant above describes, ability to generate good content
has little bearing on ability to generate good presentation.
In fact, individuals writing material for the web these days are probably writing
in blogs, posting comments to bulletin boards (using bbcode instead of HTML),
and contributing to wikis (with their own custom markup language). In none of
these cases will *those users* directly use features of, say, CSS, much less Web
Forms. (The indirect use of CSS in templates as presentation separate from
content is pretty much irrelevant in all three of those cases, where HTML is
constructed dynamically from a content database anyway. The indirect use of forms
for wikis and bulletin boards is obvious, but also not obviously in need of much
more than a text area and a submit button.)
Here's a list of major browser standards introduced roughly
after Netscape 3 (when I started noticing browser devolution):
* PNG
* HTML 4.01
* CSS1
* DOM / DHTML
* XHTML
* CSS2
* SVG
(This may be incomplete, and is definitely unordered.
You'd think somebody would have a nice timeline of
web standards, but I couldn't find one.)
On the other hand, we can look at major browser innovations independent of the
above (this is based on my experience with Firefox; I haven't tried Opera in four
or five years):
* tabbed browsing
* incremental search
Now what I want you to think about is the amount of work browser
authors have put into implementing the standards above (which, I
claim, primarily improve the ability of content authors to control
the appearance and interactivity--though PNG is a special
case involving GIF patents),
versus the amount of work browser authors put
into improving the user-controlled experience of
interacting with web pages (in the form of those last two innovations, the first of which
is a small improvement on the Windows MDI model, and the latter of which has
been in Emacs forever). Now, you might protest "but they do lots of other work for
the user experience besides just adding major features", and this is somewhat true,
but it's pretty much just about treading water compared to something like NS 3 (that
is, the user experience treads water even if making that user experience the same
requires a lot of work due to the new standards). And they're going to do that
work no matter what; it's not optional. However much work they've put in on such things,
I'm arguing we've traded off work on major new features for user-controlled
experience in favor of new standards for author-control, even though the reality
is that most of the websites I (at least) visit do not use those new standards, or
if they do, use them without enhancing my experience (e.g. XHTML), or without
significantly enhancing my experience (as in most uses of DHTML; see
[Appendix A](#appendixA)).
To give you a hand thinking about this, let's point out how big the specifications
for those standards are. Since pages and lines can be arbitrarily sized, I'm just
going to use bytecounts of uncompressed HTML-formatted specs to give us a
ballpark understanding. (Some of these are one long file, some are multiple files,
which may skew the results somewhat. Don't look at me, this is how the W3C
distributes them.)
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **210 KB** HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866 is only 143KB, though) | |
| **128 KB** HTML 3.2 | |
| **187 KB** CSS1 | |
| **1,547 KB** HTML 4.01 | |
| **2,131 KB** XHTML 1.0 (72KB) + XML (220KB) + HTML 4.01 (1,839 KB) and not even counting various other specifications like XML namespaces | |
| **1,106 KB** CSS2 | |
| **638 KB** DOM Level One (2nd ed) | |
| **827 KB** DOM Level Two Core + Level Two HTML | |
| **313 KB** PNG (2nd ed) | |
| **3,886 KB** SVG 1.1 | |
Let me highlight a few elements of this. XML, a specification for generic
self-delimiting ASCII data files, is nearly twice the size of HTML 3.2, a fairly
full-fledged markup language with tables and fonts and everything.
SVG 1.1 is 10 times the size of PNG (of course it's quite different; perhaps
it would be more relevant to compare the size of the SVG specification to
the size of the Flash Player DLL). HTML 4.01 is over 10 times as big as
HTML 3.2; CSS2 is almost as big.
What is all of this good for? A lot of what seems to have turned web authors'
cranks about CSS has simply been features entirely unavailable in plain HTML,
like positioning. Positioning is all about abandoning the old model that
authors can't have total control over the layout. It's all about abandoning
the idea that different people access a website in different contexts.
What this means, of course, is a lot of lousy browsing experience going to
web sites where your fonts aren't the size they expect or your web browser
is narrower than they expected. (The web browsers naturally honor requests
for frames without scrollbars even when they're needed, since the content
creator is always right!) I even get to use my handy "zap style sheet" bookmarklet
when I reach websites that are theoretically well-designed but in practice
unreadable for me simply due to
[insufficient
text contrast](http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html). Yes, Virginia. There really are people out there with content
worth reading but whose presentation sucks, at least for my poor eyes and tiny
screen pixels. (Huh, what? User stylesheets? I have to *learn CSS* to
*view* the web?)
So not only do these new standards get used rarely, but when they do, a lot of the
time they seem to just make things worse on category #3 sites—which
makes the effort spent implementing
them seem a tad frivolous. (Especially if what you believe is that it's the content
that really matters.) Now, in part, CSS was developed in the hopes that web authors
would be able to stop having to do browser-specific workarounds to display
what they want, but apparently IE's incomplete CSS support hosed this plan.
That this surprises anyone surprises me.
If you keep evolving the standards, *nobody* is going to be
up to spec! As a result, web designers are basically just as screwed as they
were, and people with perfectly functional old web browsers are forced to
upgrade to slightly less-functional browsers with better standards support
(I only switched from Netscape Navigator 4.08 within the last year). Is
anybody happy? I guess the people being paid to implement the new
standards.
Some time, a long time ago, the Mozilla developers got it in their head that they were
developing an application platform, and they've never lost that drive, and it seems
use #3 has long since fallen by the wayside. As a result,
real security concerns arise, and we end up with web applications developers from
category #1 (I guess) [arguing
against disallowing 'location=no'](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=22183) when you have to wonder why we even
need to give people in category #3--and even people in category #2 who are
the *imitatees* of phishing scams--the ability to download custom XUL.
(In fact, a deeper concern this bug advances is that even
without XUL, somebody can spoof a fake window in the middle of the client
area just using DHTML. Somehow I seem
to be the only one in the world who sees this as evidence that providing DHTML
over the insecure world of the Internet is *itself* going too far. Maybe we
don't have to be quite so Turing-complete? Does PayPal really prefer to have
the option to spiffify their UI at the cost of making life easier for phishers?)
So, look, obviously if what you care about is #1, or even #2, I'm not going
to convince you. You can just wander off now, content in the fact that I don't
understand the business proposition facing browser authors, or whatever. And
sure, I don't. You can argue that maybe we need a whole different class of web
browsers for #3-style web page browsing, or just to make fuck-ups like me happy.
But those #2-driven browsers create a market in which *all* browsers must
be standards compliant. I'm all for standards compliance in theory, but right now
that means all browsers need to implement those 7+MB of features the W3C
spewed out while people still considered the W3C relevant, rather than just, say,
the 128KB HTML 3.2 specification. (Ok, 7MB includes SVG; even without that,
we're still talking 20x the size of HTML 3.2, and probably more than 20x
the complexity, since most of this stuff isn't modular the way, say, the
Flash plugin is.) This is complicated enough it's nearly impossible to start
a new browser from scratch, and even "new browser" efforts like Firefox
that build from an open source base like Mozilla turn out to be hemmed in by the
original architecture.
It's an interesting experience to read through Bugzilla
and discover how hard some things are that obviously are only hard because
of the architecture, not because of some inherent problem. For example, some
users would like the ability for, say, the file "foo.c" to open in the browser
inline, rather than launching out to the OS-configured external application (in
my case, a programming IDE):
[bug #57342](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57342).
It turns out that Mozilla's file download "stream
converter" model has some limitation (last discussed
[in March
2002](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=93055)) that makes it difficult for the browser
to change its mind in the middle of the download from downloading as
a file to downloading to the browser. (The problem being that once the
stream is seen to be not a type the browser handles internally, it is handed off
to a system that pops up a 'do you want to save or open with', and adding
the option 'open with browser' there is hard. Yet, clearly, given only that
specification and no existing infrastructure, the problem is not at all hard.
Parse the stream; if it's not "text/html" or another type handled internally,
pause, pop up the window, discover what you should do with it, and go.
Mozilla instead has already bailed on internalizing the stream by the time the window
pops up, and it's too late to go back.)
Sometimes it's hard to see in Bugzilla what exactly the holdup is. If I want
to click an .mp3 link and have the URL be handed to my streaming mp3 player,
rather than have it downloaded entirely and then handed over, I am stuck.
(Unless, apparently, I use Opera or IE). For Firefox, this is
[bug 225882](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=225882):
"Ability to pass URLs to helper apps (for streaming) instead of downloading and
then passing the entire file." Fixing this bug depends on some "backend work",
marked as a dependency on
[bug 137339](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137339):
"want way to hand URL to helper apps without downloading whole document
first", which I guess is the Mozilla version of this bug--although it's marked OS
Linux, and it last received a comment in January 2003. Meanwhile, that bug is
marked as depending on
[bug 90501](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90501):
"Allow sending URL instead of file to helper app based on content type." (Sound
familiar?) Last real comment in January 2003 (save for a dupe report and a
"I really want this" comment). The three bugs only have 10, 6, and 2 votes,
so they don't get much love. And I believe these sorts of things
would have gotten fixed faster if standards-compliance wasn't so complicated.
I'd think about fixing these things myself, but Mozilla falls in the realm of code
so over-engineered it takes too long to get up to speed to change the tiniest thing.
(Possibly this is necessary over-engineering due to the complexity of the problem
and the desire for widely distributed programming. But it's an impassable barrier
for me to do any casual fixing, and in my estimation it must be a barrier to getting
outside contributors.)
Worse yet, Opera and Mozilla and Apple aren't saying, "Goddamn this stuff is just already
too complicated. Let's just freeze what we've got and really consider it a standard, so
we can just fix all the damn bugs and work on interactivity." Instead, it seems
they've bought whole hog into W3C's "what's good for the web is constant generation
of new standards", and they're happily generating more and more! Yay! Go content
authors, now you can make [javascript draw images](http://whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#graphics)! Spoofers of the world unite! (If nothing else it's great for Opera, since
it raises the barrier to entry for potential competitors. Since the other browsers aren't developed
for profit, though, and they're just as gung ho, that's probably not Opera's reasoning
either.)
Meanwhile, when someone mentions something to me and I remember having seen
something relevant on the web a little while ago, I get to grovel through thousands
of poorly-organized bookmarks *(missed innovation opportunity)*
hoping I thought to bookmark it, because if I didn't
bookmark it, I get to grovel through my IE-clone "history pane" with less
functionality than [the Netscape 4 history window](history_search.png)
*(browser devolution due to Firefox's anti-featureism)*,
but it's not there because I only keep 9 days of history
because it's dog slow
if I keep 90 days much less 730
*([18-month-old bug](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193236))*,
and then I have to go to [Google](http://www.google.com) and hope I can
remember something distinctive enough to locate the page again although its Page Rank is
low—even though hard drives these days are enormous and why aren't
I just full-text searching the text of all the web pages I've visited in the last 90
days *(missed innovation opportunity)*?
[1](#bugzilla)
[2](#bigpicture)
I don't know, but it seems to be because
the [blue sky](http://www.mozilla.org/blue-sky/) got clouded over by
Hurricane WebApp.
1 I actually had to do
this while writing this article—except
searching on Bugzilla not Google--because I never end up thinking up the right keywords
for finding bugs I've seen before. If you're wondering why the link about XUL spoofing
didn't actually have any web app devs arguing against 'location=no', it's because I think I saw
that somewhere, but I couldn't find the actual bug where I'd seen it.
2This isn't a
unique scenario. I'm constantly bumping into these sorts of bugs (misfeatures) and browser
devolutions whenever I use Firefox. Some of these show in Bugzilla as new Firefox bugs;
some show as ancient, unloved bugs in Mozilla. Many of the obvious possible innovations
show up as enhancement requests; who knows how many non-obvious ones we're
ignoring? And then there are the devolutions. Some of these are hard to judge,
since different people approach the browser with different workflow, and I'm a
power user, but I think little issues [like this behavior
I hate](rightmouse_back.html) indicate a lack of "big picture" thought about the web-browsing experience in
favor of (in this case) pursuit of standards and conventional rules-of-thumb.
---
## Appendix A: Data From My Browser History
Looking at the last 25 pages in my browser history (25 because that's when I got
bored--this actually takes a lot of work), I find:
* 40% are category 3; 16% are web applications
* 68% use stylesheets; 16% use inline CSS; 16% use no CSS
* 64% specify no DTD; 16% are HTML 4, 4% are HTML 3.2; 16% are XHTML 1.0
* 8% use DHTML; 40% use JavaScript in other significant ways; ~16% more use JS in trivial ways
Only one of the four web applications (Google, Wikipedia, NetFlix, and LiveJournal), used DHTML on the pages I looked at, as far as I could tell (I didn't look that hard at the javascript). And that was just Wikipedia, using it to allow you to hide
an article's table of contents. (The other use of DHTML was for pop-up menus on
rollover on NVIDIA's site, which added no value at all IMO.)
Actually, on further reflection, I guess LiveJournal recently added a new "inline comment" feature that's DHTML, but I wasn't looking at a page with comments.
### Raw Data
The following table details most of the sites in my browser
history from the last few days. For each site, I indicate the
type of HTML: **HTML 4.01**, **XHTML 1.0**, etc.
(Some pages don't specify a DTD, especially hand-authored
pages.) Also the use of CSS: **CSS**, **inline CSS** (no separate
style sheet), **CSS** (no style use); the
use of SVG: **SVG** (ok, guess what, there's none); the use of
DHTML/DOM and JavaScript: **DHTML**, **JS**.
(I omit JS if it's only used for banner ads, e.g. Google
AdSense, and trivial things like opening comment windows.)
I probably should have made note of pages that used tables
for layout, as almost all of them did (if they did any
layout at all). All sites with XHTML sent it as text/plain.
I also indicate whether it is category **2**
(a web-application sort of site) or category **3**
(plain documents authored by Joe EndUser),
or **#** for professionally-created plain documents.
I only include one page from each site.
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| HTML 4.01 Transitional, inline CSS
3
[Joel on Software](http://www.joelonsoftware.com/index.html) blog-ish
| | |
| HTML 3.2, CSS #?
[Slashdot](http://www.slashdot.org) news summarizer (didn't count JS/CSS from ad)
| | |
| ?, inline CSS, JS
2
[Google](http://www.google.com) search engine
| | |
| HTML 4.0 Transitional, inline CSS, JS
2
[LiveJournal](http://www.livejournal.com) webapp blog host (use of style sheets depends on user settings)
| | |
| ?, Flash, CSS #
[BrainWash](http://www.brainwash.com) laundromat
| | |
| ?, JS, CSS #
[RedMeat](http://www.redmeat.com) print comic
| | |
| XHTML 1.0 Strict, CSS
3
[Grumpy Gamer](http://grumpygamer.com/main) blog
| | |
| ?, CSS
3
[Snopes Urban Legends Reference Pages](http://www.snopes.com) | | |
| HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS
3
[Scary Go Round](http://www.scarygoround.com) web comic
| | |
| ?, CSS
#
[Internet Movie Database](http://www.imdb.com) | | |
| HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS, JS
2
[NetFlix](http://www.netflix.com) DVD rentals
| | |
| XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS
3
[Language Log](http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/) linguistics blog
| | |
| ?, CSS, JS
#
[Washington Post](http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A6693-2004Sep8_2.html) online news
| | |
| ?, CSS, DHTML
#
[MSNBC](http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5942268/) online news
| | |
| ?, CSS, JS
#
[The Onion](http://www.theonion.com/) online news parody
| | |
| ?, CSS, JS?
#
[Interview with Chuck D & Hank Shocklee of Public Enemy](http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/20/public_enemy.html) online magazine archive
| | |
| ?, inline CSS, JS
#
[Weather Underground](http://www.wunderground.com/US/CA/Oakland.html) weather information
| | |
| XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS
3
[Umami Tsunami](http://www.umamitsunami.com/) blog
| | |
| ?, inline CSS
3
[Casey Learns to Draw](http://www.funkytroll.com/drawing/index.html) pseudo-blog
| | |
| ?, CSS 3
[Gmail is too creepy](http://www.gmail-is-too-creepy.com/) blog spinoff
| | |
| ?, JS, CSS 3
[Sluggy Freelance](http://sluggy.com) webcomic
| | |
| ?, CSS,
#
[Log Cabin Republicans](http://www.logcabin.org/logcabin/press_090804.html) political organization press release
| | |
| ?, CSS, JS
#
[NVIDIA Developer Web Site](http://developer.nvidia.com/page/home) hardware vendor developer relations
| | |
| ?, CSS
3
[RPG Gamer](http://www.rpgamer.com/games/ff/ff7/ff7.html) gaming web site
| | |
| XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS, DHTML
2
[Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College) online encyclopedia
| | |
| sites below this line were actually
earlier in browser history but were visited for the purposes
of writing this article, and are omitted from the totals to
avoid bias |
| ?, CSS
#
[Mozilla blue sky](http://www.mozilla.org/blue-sky/) | | |
| XHTML 1.0 Transitional, CSS, JS
3
[Brendan's Roadmap Update](http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/roadmap/archives/005632.html) | | |
| HTML 4.01 Transitional, CSS, JS
2
[Bugzilla Bug 22183](http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=22183) | | |
| HTML 4.0, CSS
3
[Hixie's Natural Log](http://ln.hixie.ch/) | | |
| ?, CSS
3
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<p>There are two things you must do on a regular basis for analog tape decks
(cassette or otherwise). These are cleaning and demagnetizing the heads
and tape path. The second is far less important for cassette decks (multitrack
or otherwise), and unless you move your deck around a lot or live near
a place with a high magnetic anomaly in the earth, many people feel you
can probably just forget about it (I'm not one of them, though).</p>
<p>Here's what you need, and since the Real Stuff isn't expensive at all
(perhaps maybe it is in Chile), you should get good quality chemicals
if possible. Don't worry too much about stocking up either, even a 2 oz.
bottle should last years unless you're running a commercial studio or
drinking the stuff (I personally recommended neither action). </p>
<p>I've standardized on TEAC/TASCAM chemicals perhaps because I've owned
mostly TASCAM decks, but also because it's good quality stuff and readily
available (Tech Spray brand may be easier to find on the net). I've found
that TASCAM makes a nice set containing everything, model #TZ-261. Head
cleaner and the fancy Q-tips are also generally available at Radio Shack,
but rubber cleaner is a little harder to find, as is my Ultimate Tape
Head Weapon. All you really need is the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>tape head cleaner (duh). In some cases, this is nothing but isopropyl
or denatured alcohol. Most alcohol-containing head cleaners say in small
print something like "safe on most plastics", which is Murphy's
Law for "likely to disintegrate your 8-track multitrack front panel",
so be careful with this stuff and don't spill it everywhere. Also, don't
shubshitoot any other kindsh of alkohol becuz they mite have deleterererious
effex on yore state of mind and they mite not bee good for your heds
either... :-).</li>
<li>rubber cleaner. The smell of this stuff is...overpowering, but it's
the only thing safe to use on the pinch roller.</li>
<li>tape head swabs. These look like, and essentially are, lintless, wood-handled
Q-tips (TM I'm sure). The stuff sold in audio/electronics/recording/music
stores generally have long sticks so you can get to nooks and crannies.
This may be overkill (there's such a thing as <em>too</em> long) for
most cassette decks though, but before you run off to the nearest medicine
cabinet, remember the key word here is <em>lintless.</em> If little
threads of cotton get everywhere you could be in big trouble. The absolute
safest kind are the chamois types used for video tape recorders, which
are expensive but feel so good...vegans will not approve however.</li>
</ul>
<h3 align="center">How to Clean Your Heads</h3>
<ul>
<li>First, read your recorder's manual...the part where it tells you how
to clean the heads!</li>
<li>How often should you clean them? A good rule of thumb is after you
finish a recording/mixing session...which gets the junk off while it's
still fresh (well, it sounds good, anyway...I don't know if tape oxide
actually "goes bad", but considering it's nothing but rust
to start with, it's probably a good idea to get it the heck off your
machine ASAP!) and makes sure that you're all ready for next time.</li>
<li>Rewind to zero if necessary, and take out any tape you may happen
to have in the machine.</li>
<li>Moisten the swab with head cleaner and clean the metal tape guides
and capstan or capstan shaft (the metal rod that touches the pinch roller).
Don't push too hard on the rod or you will bend it. Also, make sure
that there is not too much head cleaner on the swab when cleaning the
capstan shaft, or it can drip down the rod directly into your motor,
dissolving the lubricants in the motor. Guess what will happen then?</li>
<li>Now that you have practiced not pushing too hard on the swab,
use a new swab (because the last one is dirty from the tape oxides on
your guides), moisten it again, and carefully clean your heads (hint:
the shiny metal ones are the expensive ones). There is also an erase
head which is not so pretty to look at, but it should also be cleaned.</li>
<li>Now get yet another swab (old Popeye cartoons are great fun while
cleaning heads) and -- using the rubber cleaner this time -- clean your
pinch roller.</li>
<li>All done already? See, I told you it wasn't a big deal!</li>
<li>One last thing...very important! Leave the cassette door open after
cleaning so that the solvents can evaporate, and <em>do not</em> put
a tape in until they do. Don't ask how I found this out, either.</li>
</ul>
<h3 align="center">Do Not Use</h3>
<p>Do not under any conditions use the handy-dandy "head cleaning cassettes"
that foolish consumers have demanded ("Duh...I can't use a Q-tip...it's
too complicated!"). They operate by running a piece of fabric over
your precious tape heads, that, viewed on a microscopic level, is very
much like sandpaper. Then you get to choose either the "dry"
cleaning method (sandpaper a la carte) or the "wet" cleaning
method (sandpaper a la mode).</p>
<h3 align="center">What About Digital Tape?</h3>
<p>DAT decks are entirely different, and for those I recommend you look
up the <a href="http://www.eklektix.com/dat-heads/">DAT-heads site</a>.</p>
<p>ADAT and DA-*8 decks are also entirely different, mainly because mechanically,
they're really videotape recorders. So you should follow the manufacturers'
recommendations with those, or anything else you think is better.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.users.interport.net/~edaudio/machines.html" target="_blank">Here's
a page</a> which should be of great interest if you have any of the above
digital decks. </p>
<p align="center">
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<h3 align="center">The Ultimate Tape Head Weapon</h3>
<p align="left">I have had long debates with myself over the advisability
of releasing this information to the public, but in the end...I won. </p>
<p align="left">This substance was referred to obliquely in a book about
recording I once found in a dusty shelf in the back of Electric Lady Studios,
and at one time I actually found a bottle of it at a music store. I guiltily
carried it off, knowing that I had found something akin to an original
PAF pickup, and they didn't have a clue as to what it was really worth.</p>
<p align="left">The bottle I acquired has a special "stealth"
label printed in yellow on white so it literally cannot be read with the
naked eye. However, using the blue filter on a pair of 3D glasses, I was
able to read the inscription: "Teac Stainless Steel Polish SP-3".
</p>
<p align="left">It's a devilish combination of silicone and trichoro...no,
I better not say the rest. But I will quote from the information on the
back, which matches precisely what had been rumored in that book many
years before:</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p align="left">"routine use will extend head life by polishing
and filling molecular size pores in the crystalline structure of the
head"</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>To the true cognoscenti, nothing more is necessary to say. Don't expect
to find this magical liquid at the corner music store. You may have to
go to a crossroads and make a deal with a tall stranger at midnight. It's
been worth it, but the bottle is slowly getting empty...<br>
<i>-- Dragon</i> </p>
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There are two things you must do on a regular basis for analog tape decks
(cassette or otherwise). These are cleaning and demagnetizing the heads
and tape path. The second is far less important for cassette decks (multitrack
or otherwise), and unless you move your deck around a lot or live near
a place with a high magnetic anomaly in the earth, many people feel you
can probably just forget about it (I'm not one of them, though).
Here's what you need, and since the Real Stuff isn't expensive at all
(perhaps maybe it is in Chile), you should get good quality chemicals
if possible. Don't worry too much about stocking up either, even a 2 oz.
bottle should last years unless you're running a commercial studio or
drinking the stuff (I personally recommended neither action).
I've standardized on TEAC/TASCAM chemicals perhaps because I've owned
mostly TASCAM decks, but also because it's good quality stuff and readily
available (Tech Spray brand may be easier to find on the net). I've found
that TASCAM makes a nice set containing everything, model #TZ-261. Head
cleaner and the fancy Q-tips are also generally available at Radio Shack,
but rubber cleaner is a little harder to find, as is my Ultimate Tape
Head Weapon. All you really need is the following:* tape head cleaner (duh). In some cases, this is nothing but isopropyl
or denatured alcohol. Most alcohol-containing head cleaners say in small
print something like "safe on most plastics", which is Murphy's
Law for "likely to disintegrate your 8-track multitrack front panel",
so be careful with this stuff and don't spill it everywhere. Also, don't
shubshitoot any other kindsh of alkohol becuz they mite have deleterererious
effex on yore state of mind and they mite not bee good for your heds
either... :-).
* rubber cleaner. The smell of this stuff is...overpowering, but it's
the only thing safe to use on the pinch roller.
* tape head swabs. These look like, and essentially are, lintless, wood-handled
Q-tips (TM I'm sure). The stuff sold in audio/electronics/recording/music
stores generally have long sticks so you can get to nooks and crannies.
This may be overkill (there's such a thing as *too* long) for
most cassette decks though, but before you run off to the nearest medicine
cabinet, remember the key word here is *lintless.* If little
threads of cotton get everywhere you could be in big trouble. The absolute
safest kind are the chamois types used for video tape recorders, which
are expensive but feel so good...vegans will not approve however.
How to Clean Your Heads* First, read your recorder's manual...the part where it tells you how
to clean the heads!
* How often should you clean them? A good rule of thumb is after you
finish a recording/mixing session...which gets the junk off while it's
still fresh (well, it sounds good, anyway...I don't know if tape oxide
actually "goes bad", but considering it's nothing but rust
to start with, it's probably a good idea to get it the heck off your
machine ASAP!) and makes sure that you're all ready for next time.
* Rewind to zero if necessary, and take out any tape you may happen
to have in the machine.
* Moisten the swab with head cleaner and clean the metal tape guides
and capstan or capstan shaft (the metal rod that touches the pinch roller).
Don't push too hard on the rod or you will bend it. Also, make sure
that there is not too much head cleaner on the swab when cleaning the
capstan shaft, or it can drip down the rod directly into your motor,
dissolving the lubricants in the motor. Guess what will happen then?
* Now that you have practiced not pushing too hard on the swab,
use a new swab (because the last one is dirty from the tape oxides on
your guides), moisten it again, and carefully clean your heads (hint:
the shiny metal ones are the expensive ones). There is also an erase
head which is not so pretty to look at, but it should also be cleaned.
* Now get yet another swab (old Popeye cartoons are great fun while
cleaning heads) and -- using the rubber cleaner this time -- clean your
pinch roller.
* All done already? See, I told you it wasn't a big deal!
* One last thing...very important! Leave the cassette door open after
cleaning so that the solvents can evaporate, and *do not* put
a tape in until they do. Don't ask how I found this out, either.
Do Not Use
Do not under any conditions use the handy-dandy "head cleaning cassettes"
that foolish consumers have demanded ("Duh...I can't use a Q-tip...it's
too complicated!"). They operate by running a piece of fabric over
your precious tape heads, that, viewed on a microscopic level, is very
much like sandpaper. Then you get to choose either the "dry"
cleaning method (sandpaper a la carte) or the "wet" cleaning
method (sandpaper a la mode).
What About Digital Tape?
DAT decks are entirely different, and for those I recommend you look
up the [DAT-heads site](http://www.eklektix.com/dat-heads/).
ADAT and DA-\*8 decks are also entirely different, mainly because mechanically,
they're really videotape recorders. So you should follow the manufacturers'
recommendations with those, or anything else you think is better.
[Here's
a page](http://www.users.interport.net/~edaudio/machines.html) which should be of great interest if you have any of the above
digital decks.
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The Ultimate Tape Head Weapon
I have had long debates with myself over the advisability
of releasing this information to the public, but in the end...I won.
This substance was referred to obliquely in a book about
recording I once found in a dusty shelf in the back of Electric Lady Studios,
and at one time I actually found a bottle of it at a music store. I guiltily
carried it off, knowing that I had found something akin to an original
PAF pickup, and they didn't have a clue as to what it was really worth.
The bottle I acquired has a special "stealth"
label printed in yellow on white so it literally cannot be read with the
naked eye. However, using the blue filter on a pair of 3D glasses, I was
able to read the inscription: "Teac Stainless Steel Polish SP-3".
It's a devilish combination of silicone and trichoro...no,
I better not say the rest. But I will quote from the information on the
back, which matches precisely what had been rumored in that book many
years before:
"routine use will extend head life by polishing
and filling molecular size pores in the crystalline structure of the
head"
To the true cognoscenti, nothing more is necessary to say. Don't expect
to find this magical liquid at the corner music store. You may have to
go to a crossroads and make a deal with a tall stranger at midnight. It's
been worth it, but the bottle is slowly getting empty...
*-- Dragon*
php echo "Last modified: ".date( "F d Y H:i:s", getlastmod() ); ? | |
| |
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[DJ Tools](dj_tools.html)** Tape Deck Care
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<p align="center"><span class="kasten"> The Shiba and its breeding in the Czech Republic </span></p>
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<p class="block"> <span class="normal">
<img src="Images/chov4.jpg" alt="" hspace=5 vspace=5 border="0" ALIGN="left">
Japan is home to a total of 11 dog breeds, but only six of them are considered to be "natural"
breeds, developing without any influence from western breeds. In detail these are: Shiba,
<a HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/hokkaido.htm',1,313,360,180,0);">Hokkaido</a>,
<a HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/kai.htm',2,313,347,280,0);">Kai</a>,
<a HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/kishu.htm',3,279,338,380,0);">Kishu</a>,
<a HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/shikoku.htm',4,328,279,480,0);">Shikoku</a>
and
<A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/akita.htm',5,284,196,580,0);">Akita</A>
– all Spitz dogs of the same origin and generally known as
<a href="Javascript:FotoWindow('Zecken/japan-dogs.png','368','373');">
"Nippon Inu"</a>, Japanese dogs.
<p class="block">
Probably the oldest of these breeds is also the smallest: the Shiba breed. Its origin lies in
a time long before common era, when the Japanese islands became the home of diverse settlers
who not only brought with them their very varying cultural influences but also very different
dog breeds. <A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/cave.htm',6,150,190,800,0);">Archaeological</A>
finds have shown that, as a result of crossbreeding, these animals were similar to the present
Nippon Inus: dogs with a pointed snout, small erect ears, a short fluffy coat and a rolled-up tail.
<p class="block">
Up until recent times dogs were bred in Japan for hunting purposes. Dogs were prevalent not only
on the countryside but were popular also with the rich aristocracy and the samurais. Even the
imperial family supported dog breeding. This can be seen in the fact that the fifth emperor of
the Tokugawa dynasty (which lasted from 1603 to 1854), shogun
<A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/tsunayoshi.htm',7,157,190,580,0);">Tsunayoshi</A>, was named
the "Dog Lover Shogun" because of his great affection for dogs. During his reign he founded dog
homes and was committed to the spreading of veterinary medicine in Japan.
<p class="block">
After the end of the Tokugawa dynasty in 1854, Japan opened up for western civilization. This
brought about the immigration of foreign dog breeds. The original Japanese dogs crossed with the
new breeds and sustained as thoroughbreds only in small, isolated parts of the country. Fortunately
in opposition to the trend of replacing all that was old and traditional, many Japanese dignitaries
strived to preserve the original culture. In the thirties of the twentieth century the ministry of
culture extended the status of "Natural national heritage" not only to exceptional buildings,
mountains, trees, plants, but also to all Japanese dog breeds.
<p class="block">
At this time Dr. Hiroyoshi Saito traveled the length and breadth of Japan to study and record the
characteristics of the native dog breeds in detail. He gave the breeds their names and established
standards for each of them.
<p class="block">
<img src="Images/chov1.jpg" alt="" hspace=5 vspace=5 border="0" ALIGN="left">
The origin of the name Shiba (Shiba inu) is not completely clear. Some experts maintain that the
name derives from the word "Shiba" meaning "shrubbery". In this case the Shiba Inu would be the
"dog from the shrubbery" indicating its existence in the brushwood and high grass. Others maintain
that the name derives from the meaning "small" and refers to the small stature of the Shiba. Shiba
inu = small dog. Whatever the case may be, fact is that the Shiba due to its size and use was able
to survive the hard years of World War II in the Japanese countryside, whilst there most of the dog
population disappeared. Because the Shiba was not a popular pet dog with the rich urban population
it escaped crossbreeding with other dogs and did not have to be regenerated with foreign blood as
was the case with the Akita. Therefore it does not have such a diversified appearance as the Akita
(that is split today in two breeds), but is a pure descendant of the dogs that came to the Japanese islands along with the settlers.
<br clear=all>
<p>
<b>The breeding in our country</b>
<p class="block">
The first Shibas came to the Czech Republic in 1989. First the puppy bitch QUITE GOOD as Áras an
Úachtaráin from Holland. Unfortunately before departure she had infected with parvovirosis and
died one week after arriving at her new home. Her brave character and her struggle for life
impressed her owner so much that she decided to bring more Shibas to the country, but this time
adult ones. Thus a few days after the Velvet Revolution, the bitches
<A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/now.htm',8,250,342,480,0);">NOW OR NEVER as Áras an
Úachtaráin</A> from Holland and
<A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/yubina.htm',9,300,315,480,0);">Manlötens YUBINA</A>
from Sweden arrived in the country. They were
followed by the male
<A HREF="javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/arko.htm',10,350,299,480,0);">Minimeadow ARKO</A> from the
USA, sire of the first Shiba litter on Czech ground. Up to the end of 2002 more than 700 Shibas
have been listed in the Czech studbook.
<p>
<b>How they are and who they suit</b>
<p class="block">
The Shiba is a born individualist. He is a samurai who walks through life on his own, trusting
only himself. He attaches no importance to friends and subordinates to nobody. Me and mine
– that is the Shiba's credo.
<p class="block">
<img src="Images/chov2.jpg" alt="" hspace=5 vspace=5 border="0" ALIGN="left">
Everything a Shiba does serves his own advancement. He obeys his master only to avoid unnecessary
problems. But if he is convinced his behavior is correct, neither asking nor punishment will
discourage him. He wants to be the first and most important every time and everywhere. He hates
other dogs, even those of his own breed. Even a mother-child tie will not last long, especially
where mother and daughter are concerned. Therefore, it is advisable to keep a male dog and a
bitch, even though they will continually fight for predominance. However their conflicts are
nothing compared to those of two bitches or the struggle of a Shiba with dogs of other breeds.
<p class="block">
Shibas only rarely attack dogs of smaller or equal-sized breeds, as they do not take them
seriously as opponents and therefore ignore them completely. All the more for that, they hate
bigger, and for them, dangerous dogs: Dobermann, Rottweiler, Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro and Eurasier.
These dogs cast a large shadow over the Shiba's small realm and therefore deserve to be removed.
The result however of such a conflict is foreseeable. Several Akita owners who have acquired a
Shiba as a cute miniature of the Akita and kept them together in a kennel have been painfully
convinced of the Shiba's philosophy of life.
<p class="block">
In no way will a Shiba accept the territory of another dog and may consider a well-meant snarl
to be a bold provocation. As fearlessly as he attacks deer and bears while hunting, he also
pounces on larger opponents in the same way, not considering that his master is not always behind
him to save him if necessary.
<p class="block">
The Shiba is a jolly contemporary, capable of playing all day long and thinking up nonsense to
amuse himself and his environment. Only a few male dogs may consider themselves sometimes to be
too dignified for such childish games. He is very curious and may sit the whole day on a window
ledge or in front of a gap in a door to watch the daily hustle and bustle. He is very tidy and
clean, destroys just a minimum of furnishing (if any, preferably textiles of any kind) and grasps
very quickly that he must not spoil his home. He can be held in a kennel, although he cannot
develop his character there fully. He is ideal for town apartments, because he behaves quietly
and barks seldom. He has many traits normally attributed to cats – e.g. he is capable of
cleaning his coat and paws for hours. He loves comfort and privacy and will demand these
resolutely if he feels cramped by too much attention. For his den he chooses well-protected places
(behind the couch, beneath the bed, in the furthest-away corner under the table) and if he has
retreated there he may bite anybody who tries to drag him away. The Shiba is a superb mouser and
will wait patiently for an opportunity to catch one. The Shiba has one disadvantage – he
always tries to eat his prey immediately. Many Shibas eat birds, frogs and worms. They love
vegetables, fruits, sweet berries and roots.
<p class="block">
<img src="Images/chov3.jpg" alt="" hspace=5 vspace=5 border="0" ALIGN="left">
Shibas have an incredible sense of direction and once they know an area they will wander off far
from their master. They stay in sight only in places that are strange to them. If you go for a
walk with a Shiba, you have to accept that you will be walking on your own. Your dog will
disappear as soon as you unleash him and you won't see him again until you are on your way back
home. Our latitudes are very dangerous for Shibas – trigger-happy hunters who mistake them
for foxes, trains, cars, pits and evil people. For this reason Shibas are predestined for life in
the city and on a leash. In the city there is less temptation to attract disaster.
<p class="block">
The Shiba suits tolerant and quiet people who want a nice and merry friend and who are willing to
accept the dog's great individuality and independence. With such a master the Shiba is content,
pleasant and cute. Nervous, loud and bossy people should avoid Shibas. They would not understand
each other and make each other's life a misery.
<p class="block">
Young people, who on the one hand know what it means to have a dog and who on the other hand are playful enough to respect the playfulness and the character of their animal friend have proved to be excellent owners. Very often it is the children who the Shiba loves most in his family.
<br clear=all>
<p>
<img src="Images/shiba-titel.jpg" alt="" hspace=15 vspace=5 border="0" ALIGN="left">
<font color=red>
First published in SVÌT PSÙ 3/2002; © Hana Petrusová
<p>
Translated from the Czech by Holger Funk & Morag Elizabeth Peckelsen
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| --- |
| The Shiba and its breeding in the Czech Republic |
Japan is home to a total of 11 dog breeds, but only six of them are considered to be "natural"
breeds, developing without any influence from western breeds. In detail these are: Shiba,
[Hokkaido](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/hokkaido.htm',1,313,360,180,0);),
[Kai](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/kai.htm',2,313,347,280,0);),
[Kishu](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/kishu.htm',3,279,338,380,0);),
[Shikoku](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/shikoku.htm',4,328,279,480,0);)
and
[Akita](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/akita.htm',5,284,196,580,0);)
– all Spitz dogs of the same origin and generally known as
["Nippon Inu"](Javascript:FotoWindow('Zecken/japan-dogs.png','368','373');), Japanese dogs.
Probably the oldest of these breeds is also the smallest: the Shiba breed. Its origin lies in
a time long before common era, when the Japanese islands became the home of diverse settlers
who not only brought with them their very varying cultural influences but also very different
dog breeds. [Archaeological](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/cave.htm',6,150,190,800,0);)
finds have shown that, as a result of crossbreeding, these animals were similar to the present
Nippon Inus: dogs with a pointed snout, small erect ears, a short fluffy coat and a rolled-up tail.
Up until recent times dogs were bred in Japan for hunting purposes. Dogs were prevalent not only
on the countryside but were popular also with the rich aristocracy and the samurais. Even the
imperial family supported dog breeding. This can be seen in the fact that the fifth emperor of
the Tokugawa dynasty (which lasted from 1603 to 1854), shogun
[Tsunayoshi](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/tsunayoshi.htm',7,157,190,580,0);), was named
the "Dog Lover Shogun" because of his great affection for dogs. During his reign he founded dog
homes and was committed to the spreading of veterinary medicine in Japan.
After the end of the Tokugawa dynasty in 1854, Japan opened up for western civilization. This
brought about the immigration of foreign dog breeds. The original Japanese dogs crossed with the
new breeds and sustained as thoroughbreds only in small, isolated parts of the country. Fortunately
in opposition to the trend of replacing all that was old and traditional, many Japanese dignitaries
strived to preserve the original culture. In the thirties of the twentieth century the ministry of
culture extended the status of "Natural national heritage" not only to exceptional buildings,
mountains, trees, plants, but also to all Japanese dog breeds.
At this time Dr. Hiroyoshi Saito traveled the length and breadth of Japan to study and record the
characteristics of the native dog breeds in detail. He gave the breeds their names and established
standards for each of them.
The origin of the name Shiba (Shiba inu) is not completely clear. Some experts maintain that the
name derives from the word "Shiba" meaning "shrubbery". In this case the Shiba Inu would be the
"dog from the shrubbery" indicating its existence in the brushwood and high grass. Others maintain
that the name derives from the meaning "small" and refers to the small stature of the Shiba. Shiba
inu = small dog. Whatever the case may be, fact is that the Shiba due to its size and use was able
to survive the hard years of World War II in the Japanese countryside, whilst there most of the dog
population disappeared. Because the Shiba was not a popular pet dog with the rich urban population
it escaped crossbreeding with other dogs and did not have to be regenerated with foreign blood as
was the case with the Akita. Therefore it does not have such a diversified appearance as the Akita
(that is split today in two breeds), but is a pure descendant of the dogs that came to the Japanese islands along with the settlers.
**The breeding in our country**
The first Shibas came to the Czech Republic in 1989. First the puppy bitch QUITE GOOD as Áras an
Úachtaráin from Holland. Unfortunately before departure she had infected with parvovirosis and
died one week after arriving at her new home. Her brave character and her struggle for life
impressed her owner so much that she decided to bring more Shibas to the country, but this time
adult ones. Thus a few days after the Velvet Revolution, the bitches
[NOW OR NEVER as Áras an
Úachtaráin](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/now.htm',8,250,342,480,0);) from Holland and
[Manlötens YUBINA](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/yubina.htm',9,300,315,480,0);)
from Sweden arrived in the country. They were
followed by the male
[Minimeadow ARKO](javascript:neww('HTML-Pages/arko.htm',10,350,299,480,0);) from the
USA, sire of the first Shiba litter on Czech ground. Up to the end of 2002 more than 700 Shibas
have been listed in the Czech studbook.
**How they are and who they suit**
The Shiba is a born individualist. He is a samurai who walks through life on his own, trusting
only himself. He attaches no importance to friends and subordinates to nobody. Me and mine
– that is the Shiba's credo.
Everything a Shiba does serves his own advancement. He obeys his master only to avoid unnecessary
problems. But if he is convinced his behavior is correct, neither asking nor punishment will
discourage him. He wants to be the first and most important every time and everywhere. He hates
other dogs, even those of his own breed. Even a mother-child tie will not last long, especially
where mother and daughter are concerned. Therefore, it is advisable to keep a male dog and a
bitch, even though they will continually fight for predominance. However their conflicts are
nothing compared to those of two bitches or the struggle of a Shiba with dogs of other breeds.
Shibas only rarely attack dogs of smaller or equal-sized breeds, as they do not take them
seriously as opponents and therefore ignore them completely. All the more for that, they hate
bigger, and for them, dangerous dogs: Dobermann, Rottweiler, Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro and Eurasier.
These dogs cast a large shadow over the Shiba's small realm and therefore deserve to be removed.
The result however of such a conflict is foreseeable. Several Akita owners who have acquired a
Shiba as a cute miniature of the Akita and kept them together in a kennel have been painfully
convinced of the Shiba's philosophy of life.
In no way will a Shiba accept the territory of another dog and may consider a well-meant snarl
to be a bold provocation. As fearlessly as he attacks deer and bears while hunting, he also
pounces on larger opponents in the same way, not considering that his master is not always behind
him to save him if necessary.
The Shiba is a jolly contemporary, capable of playing all day long and thinking up nonsense to
amuse himself and his environment. Only a few male dogs may consider themselves sometimes to be
too dignified for such childish games. He is very curious and may sit the whole day on a window
ledge or in front of a gap in a door to watch the daily hustle and bustle. He is very tidy and
clean, destroys just a minimum of furnishing (if any, preferably textiles of any kind) and grasps
very quickly that he must not spoil his home. He can be held in a kennel, although he cannot
develop his character there fully. He is ideal for town apartments, because he behaves quietly
and barks seldom. He has many traits normally attributed to cats – e.g. he is capable of
cleaning his coat and paws for hours. He loves comfort and privacy and will demand these
resolutely if he feels cramped by too much attention. For his den he chooses well-protected places
(behind the couch, beneath the bed, in the furthest-away corner under the table) and if he has
retreated there he may bite anybody who tries to drag him away. The Shiba is a superb mouser and
will wait patiently for an opportunity to catch one. The Shiba has one disadvantage – he
always tries to eat his prey immediately. Many Shibas eat birds, frogs and worms. They love
vegetables, fruits, sweet berries and roots.
Shibas have an incredible sense of direction and once they know an area they will wander off far
from their master. They stay in sight only in places that are strange to them. If you go for a
walk with a Shiba, you have to accept that you will be walking on your own. Your dog will
disappear as soon as you unleash him and you won't see him again until you are on your way back
home. Our latitudes are very dangerous for Shibas – trigger-happy hunters who mistake them
for foxes, trains, cars, pits and evil people. For this reason Shibas are predestined for life in
the city and on a leash. In the city there is less temptation to attract disaster.
The Shiba suits tolerant and quiet people who want a nice and merry friend and who are willing to
accept the dog's great individuality and independence. With such a master the Shiba is content,
pleasant and cute. Nervous, loud and bossy people should avoid Shibas. They would not understand
each other and make each other's life a misery.
Young people, who on the one hand know what it means to have a dog and who on the other hand are playful enough to respect the playfulness and the character of their animal friend have proved to be excellent owners. Very often it is the children who the Shiba loves most in his family.
First published in SVÌT PSÙ 3/2002; © Hana Petrusová
Translated from the Czech by Holger Funk & Morag Elizabeth Peckelsen
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<img width="300" src="300_Me_3.JPG" alt="Storm" border="0" height="451"> </td>
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<td align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="3"><b>Storm (1969-2008)</b></font></td>
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<p align="left"><b>Storm passed away on February 22,
2008.<br>
His website will be kept online at this address courtesy of Walter Muma &
<a href="http://wildwoodsurvival.com">Wildwood Survival</a> in memory of him and his work.</b></td>
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<td><font size="1">This site was reorganized in Oct 2011 to allow
previously unpublished material to be posted. - Walter Muma</font></td>
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<td><font size="3">Welcome, my
friend! I am pleased to share Nature's beauty, lessons and inspirations
with you. </font>
<p><font size="3">If you are one of the 14,000 people that I've had the privilege of teaching, I'm honored to have met you.</font></p>
<p><font size="3">I
have been published in the Bulletin of Primitive Technology, Rock & Gem Magazine, Vigilance,
Backwoodsman Magazine, Sport Prints, Wilderness Way, Nor'Easter
Magazine, Mushroom--The Journal, the Native Network Newsletter, and many websites. Enjoy!</font><b><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3"><br>
<br>
</font>
<font color="#ff0000" size="3">
[Storm headed into the woods in mid-February, 2008, and didn't come out.]</font></b></p>
<p><font size="3"><b>--Storm</b></font></p>
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<p><font size="3"><b>
Excerpt from <i>The Peace of Wild Things</i> (Wendell Berry)<o:p></o:p></b></font></p>
<p><font size="3">I come into the peace of wild things,<br>
who do not tax their lives with forethought of grief,<br>
I come into the presence of still water,<br>
and I feel above me the dayblind stars,<br>
waiting with their light,<br>
for a time, I rest in the grace of the world,<br>
and am free.</font></p></td>
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<td class="auto-style1"><strong> <br>More articles by Storm may be
found on the </strong>
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<strong>Wildwood Survival</strong></a><strong> website</strong></td>
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<p align="center"><font size="1">Stone Age Skills
website at stoneageskills.com - by <a href="index.html"><font size="1">Storm</font></a><br>
All of the material on this website is Copyright by Walter Muma<br>
Hosted and maintained by Walter Muma & <a href="http://wildwoodsurvival.com">
<i><font size="1">Wildwood Survival</font></i></a></td>
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|
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| --- |
| |
| Storm |
| **Storm (1969-2008)** |
| |
| **Storm passed away on February 22,
2008.
His website will be kept online at this address courtesy of Walter Muma &
[Wildwood Survival](http://wildwoodsurvival.com) in memory of him and his work.** |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
| --- |
| This site was reorganized in Oct 2011 to allow
previously unpublished material to be posted. - Walter Muma |
|
| |
| Welcome, my
friend! I am pleased to share Nature's beauty, lessons and inspirations
with you.
If you are one of the 14,000 people that I've had the privilege of teaching, I'm honored to have met you.
I
have been published in the Bulletin of Primitive Technology, Rock & Gem Magazine, Vigilance,
Backwoodsman Magazine, Sport Prints, Wilderness Way, Nor'Easter
Magazine, Mushroom--The Journal, the Native Network Newsletter, and many websites. Enjoy!**[Storm headed into the woods in mid-February, 2008, and didn't come out.]**
**--Storm**
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
|
|
|
| |
| --- |
| **Excerpt from *The Peace of Wild Things* (Wendell Berry)**
I come into the peace of wild things,
who do not tax their lives with forethought of grief,
I come into the presence of still water,
and I feel above me the dayblind stars,
waiting with their light,
for a time, I rest in the grace of the world,
and am free. |
|
| |
|
| |
| --- |
|
Storm |
|
| **More articles by Storm may be
found on the**
[**Wildwood Survival**](http://wildwoodsurvival.com/other/contributors/storm.html) **website** |
|
|
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|
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | Stone Age Skills
website at stoneageskills.com - by [Storm](index.html)
All of the material on this website is Copyright by Walter Muma
Hosted and maintained by Walter Muma & [*Wildwood Survival*](http://wildwoodsurvival.com) |
| |
| http://stoneageskills.com/index.html |
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<!-- following code added by server. PLEASE REMOVE -->
<!-- preceding code added by server. PLEASE REMOVE --><PRE><CENTer><H1><FONT FACE="century gothic">Yugoslavian</a></H1></CENTer></PRE><CENTer><hr><br><br>
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width="808" height="507"
usemap="#YU">
<map id="YU" name="YU">
<area shape="rect"
coords="658,219,808,0"
alt="Yugo Army Pants"
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('Yugo_pants.jpg','Foto','width=507,height=676')"></A>
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coords="658,351,808,218"
alt="Yugo Army Helmet"
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coords="658,506,808,353"
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('Yugo_helmetU.jpg','Foto','width=676,height=507')"></A>
</map>
<pre><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS">Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) uniform from the Milosevic era was in use by
JNA troops in Croatia in 1992 and later in Bosnia.</pre>
<table>
<tr><td><font color=White><h5>
<img src="YugoCoat_of_arms.png" align=left>
<P>The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) once the forth largest army in Europe. It's groung forces comprising of infantry,
armour, artillery, air defence, as well as signal, engineering and chemical defence corps had 140,000 active-duty
soldiers (including 90,000 conscripts) and could mobilize over a million trained reservists in wartime. The JNA
had a diverse ethnic composition so when civil war broke out in Yugoslavia there were many desertions. Many felt
it was not their war or their loyalities laid elsewhere. As Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro declared their
independence with only Serbia and Montenegro left in the union of Yugoslavia it was decided to abolish the JNA.
Many soldiers were thorn as to whether to join the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia army (FRY) or the Army of
Republika Srpska (Bosnian-Serb (VSK)) or the Republika Srpska Krajina army (Croat-Serb (VRS)). FRY although not
involved in the conflicts in Croatia or Bosnia helped the Serbian states of Republika Srpska and Republika
Srpska Krajina with supplies and military technology.</P>
<P>Below from left to right, a shirt of the Yugoslavian military police, a different version of the leaf pattern
camo, jacket of the Yugoslav Federal Army, And a Serbian Special anti-terrorist Police (PJP) Shirt
Used by the Serbian Police (never used by the Montenegrin Police), introduced 1992. Since 1997 used as "field uniform" for
all police officers - used for riot control, field exercises and during the conflict in Kosovo. Used until 2001.
</h5>
</pre></td></tr>
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<td><A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('Yugo_camo2.jpg','Foto','width=609,height=494')"><IMG SRC="Yugo_camo2.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A></td>
<td><A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('Yugo_Camo3.jpg','Foto','width=609,height=494')"><IMG SRC="Yugo_Camo3.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A></td>
<td><A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('serbanti.jpg','Foto','width=850,height=650')"><IMG SRC="serbanti.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A></td>
</table>
<br><hr>
<PRE><CENTer><H1><FONT FACE="century gothic">Photo Gallery</a></H1></CENTer></PRE><CENTer><HR>
<table>
<tr>
<td><center>
<pre><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><h3><font color=RED>Yugoslavian Army (JNA)</FONT></h3>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><center>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA1.jpg','Foto','width=780,height=600')"><IMG SRC="JNA1.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA2.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=350')"><IMG SRC="JNA2.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA3.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=350')"><IMG SRC="JNA3.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA4.jpg','Foto','width=800,height=310')"><IMG SRC="JNA4.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA5.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=350')"><IMG SRC="JNA5.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
</tr></td>
<tr><td><center>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA6.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=350')"><IMG SRC="JNA6.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA7.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=350')"><IMG SRC="JNA7.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('JNA8.jpg','Foto','width=552,height=400')"><IMG SRC="JNA8.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
</tr></td>
<tr>
<td><BR><center>
<pre><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><h3><font color=RED>Federal Republic of Yugoslavia army (FRY) Serbia & Montenegro</FONT></h3>
</td>
</tr>
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('FRY1.jpg','Foto','width=750,height=500')"><IMG SRC="FRY1.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('FRY6.jpg','Foto','width=800,height=550')"><IMG SRC="FRY6.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('FRY7.jpg','Foto','width=800,height=550')"><IMG SRC="FRY7.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
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</tr></td>
<tr>
<td><BR><center>
<pre><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><h3><font color=RED>Serbian Special Anti-terrorist Police</FONT></h3>
</tr>
</td>
<tr>
<td><center>
<p><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><font color=White><h5>
The PJP were a special police troop of 10,000 soldiers which operated as a sort of gendamerie with equipment that most police
forces would find excessive: Light artillary, machine guns, and armoured personnel carriers. They were the police assault
troops and were the main force in Serbia's control over the province of Kosovo.</p>
</td>
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('ss9.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=322')"><IMG SRC="ss9.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('ss11.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=370')"><IMG SRC="ss11.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('ss12.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=346')"><IMG SRC="ss12.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('ss13.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=340')"><IMG SRC="ss13.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
</tr></td>
<tr>
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<p><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><font color=White><h5>
Starting in March 1981, Kosovar Albanian students began to demonstrate for the recognition of Kosovo as a republic within
Yugoslavia. These organised protests soon escalated, to become violent riots. Although these first riots were quickly
quelled, outbreaks of ethnically-motivated violence became an increasingly frequent occurrence there�after, and tensions
grew to the point where Kosovo Serbs, and other ethnicities, started to emigrate from the province en masse. By the end of
the 1980s, the government of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia could no longer ignore the calls for increased
control in the crisis-torn province. In 1989, police units from Serbia and Voyvodina were dispatched, to suppress the riots.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><center>
<pre><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><h3><font color=RED>Serbian/Yugoslav Military Police</FONT></h3>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><center>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('mp1.jpg','Foto','width=342,height=512')"><IMG SRC="mp1.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=76 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
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<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('mp4.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=342')"><IMG SRC="mp4.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('MP5.jpg','Foto','width=512,height=442')"><IMG SRC="MP5.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=148 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
<A HREF="javascript:nil()" ONCLICK="window.open('MP6.jpg','Foto','width=342,height=512')"><IMG SRC="MP6.jpg" HEIGHT=76 WIDTH=76 ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
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<td><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"><p align = "left"><a href="german.html"><- German</a></p align "left"></td>
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# Yugoslavian
```
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Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) uniform from the Milosevic era was in use by
JNA troops in Croatia in 1992 and later in Bosnia.
```
| |
| --- |
|
The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) once the forth largest army in Europe. It's groung forces comprising of infantry,
armour, artillery, air defence, as well as signal, engineering and chemical defence corps had 140,000 active-duty
soldiers (including 90,000 conscripts) and could mobilize over a million trained reservists in wartime. The JNA
had a diverse ethnic composition so when civil war broke out in Yugoslavia there were many desertions. Many felt
it was not their war or their loyalities laid elsewhere. As Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro declared their
independence with only Serbia and Montenegro left in the union of Yugoslavia it was decided to abolish the JNA.
Many soldiers were thorn as to whether to join the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia army (FRY) or the Army of
Republika Srpska (Bosnian-Serb (VSK)) or the Republika Srpska Krajina army (Croat-Serb (VRS)). FRY although not
involved in the conflicts in Croatia or Bosnia helped the Serbian states of Republika Srpska and Republika
Srpska Krajina with supplies and military technology.
Below from left to right, a shirt of the Yugoslavian military police, a different version of the leaf pattern
camo, jacket of the Yugoslav Federal Army, And a Serbian Special anti-terrorist Police (PJP) Shirt
Used by the Serbian Police (never used by the Montenegrin Police), introduced 1992. Since 1997 used as "field uniform" for
all police officers - used for riot control, field exercises and during the conflict in Kosovo. Used until 2001.
|
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
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---
```
# Photo Gallery
```
---
| |
| --- |
|
```
Yugoslavian Army (JNA)
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia army (FRY) Serbia & Montenegro
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
Serbian Special Anti-terrorist Police
```
|
|
The PJP were a special police troop of 10,000 soldiers which operated as a sort of gendamerie with equipment that most police
forces would find excessive: Light artillary, machine guns, and armoured personnel carriers. They were the police assault
troops and were the main force in Serbia's control over the province of Kosovo.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Starting in March 1981, Kosovar Albanian students began to demonstrate for the recognition of Kosovo as a republic within
Yugoslavia. These organised protests soon escalated, to become violent riots. Although these first riots were quickly
quelled, outbreaks of ethnically-motivated violence became an increasingly frequent occurrence there�after, and tensions
grew to the point where Kosovo Serbs, and other ethnicities, started to emigrate from the province en masse. By the end of
the 1980s, the government of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia could no longer ignore the calls for increased
control in the crisis-torn province. In 1989, police units from Serbia and Voyvodina were dispatched, to suppress the riots.
|
|
```
Serbian/Yugoslav Military Police
```
|
|
|
---
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| --- | --- | --- |
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<title> French country page boys clothes: France vêtements garçon français </title>
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<center><h1>France</h1></center>
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<img src="/image/tripod/1963-64s.jpg" alt="French school pants"></a>
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<i>Figure 1.--Many French boys still dressed in short pants during the early 1960s. This Jesuit school did not require a uniform. About half the boys were wearing shorts. As it was June and beginning to get warm, the boys are wearing ankel socks and some sandals.</i>
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<p> Fance is today the largest country in Western Europe, in part because Louis XIV extnded th border to the Rhine. Germany was potentially the largest country, but the Holuy Roman Empire never managed to colalese into a unified nation state until the late-19th century, but because of two dangerously flawed leaders, was reduced in size by two horrendous world wars which put the very existnce of France in question. Modern France was in ancient times Gaul (Gallia), the primary Celtic land after the Celts were driven west by the Germanic tribes. Gaul was conquered by Ceasar's Legions in one of the great and brutal military capaigns of history. With the fall of Roman power, the Germanic tribes flooded across the Rhine. In the struggle with the Romans Visagoths, and Huns, the Franks emerged as the dominant power (5th century). Modern France takes its name from the Franks. Francia is the Latin term for "country of the Franks". Pepin founded the Carlogian dynaty which under Charlanegne include much of western and central Europe (9th century). Many of the modern European states developed from the break up of the Carlogian Empire after the death of Charlemagne. France emerged as one of those countries at about the time that the Viking raids began. The country thus was formed by the Celtic, Roman, Frankish, and Viking peoples. France developed with a weak monarchy because of the resistance of the nobility to cental authority. This left France open to attack from the Vikings and English, but in modern times the challenge would come from the Germans. France next to England has probably had more influence on boyswear than virtually any country, at least until American fashions began to spread in the post World War II era. The French contribution to boys' wear has primarily been stlistic. French boys adopted many sdtyles created in England and then embelioshed them. Many English styles like the sailor suit became popular in France. Relatively few boys' garments were created in France. Perhaps the skeleton suit--although HBC is still uncertain about the origins of tghis famed garment. The classic image of the French boy is a boy on his way to school wearing a beret and colarless dark-colred smock with short pants. HBC has relatively little written information on the historical development of French boys clothes, but will sketch out a basic outline on the basis of various photographs and magazine illustrations that
I have seen. Hopefully French visitors to HBC will eventually provide some historical details.
<br>
<h2><a href="geo/fra-geo.html">Geography</a></h2>
<p> Fance is today the largest country in Western Europe, in part because Louis XIV extnded th border to the Rhine. Germany was potentially the largest country, but the Holuy Roman Empire never managed to colalese into a unified nation state until the late-19th century, but because of two dangerously flawed leaders, was reduced in size by two horrendous world wars which put the very existnce of France in question. Three other countries are roughly the samne size (Englnd, Italy, and Spain.) Fir much of hisory, Frabce's great emneny was Englnd. Spain was a rival, but Spain is more arid which significntly limiited its power when through much of history, agriculture was the source of welth. In modern times it has been the frontier with Germany that became the central pivot on which history turned. nd unlike the southern boirder with Spain, there was no great barrier. France has a diverse landscape. There are beautiful beaches along the southeast coast--the internationlly aclaimed French Riviera. There are towering mountains in the east and south. The snow-capped Alps are the best known. Europes highest peak, Monte Blanc, is found here -- 4,810 meters. Wide, fertile plains dominate most of the north and west, mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills. This mkes France the agricultural breadbasket of Western Europe--a vital facor in medieval history. Then there is the sprawling, forested plateau of the Massif Central. A range of ancient mountains and extinct volcanoes seoarates Framce from Spain--the Pyrenees. This barrier unlike the German border helped to retard French-Spanish wars. There are fojur coasts (the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea).
<! Outside metropolitan France, the national territory extends to the départements doutre-mer and territoires doutre-mer, collectively referred to as DOM-TOMs. These are French Guiana in South America; the islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin in the Caribbean; the islands of Réunion and Mayotte off the coast of Africa; Saint-Pierre and Miquelon south-east of Canada; and French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna in the South Pacific. With the inclusion of these overseas territories, Frances total land area rises to 675,417km² (254,000 square miles).>
The important rivers include the Seine River, Loire River, Meuse River,and Rhone River. Most French Rivers flow west into the Atantic. The Rhone is an important border. And the Rhone flows south creating a huge vally in easten France , emptying into the Mediterannean.
<br>
<h2><a href="hist/fra-hist.html">History</a></h2>
<p> Modern France was in ancient times Gaul (Gallia), the primary Celtic land after the Celts were driven west by the Germanic tribes. Gaul was conquered by Ceasar's Legions in one of the great and brutal military capaigns of history. With the fall of Roman power, the Germanic tribes flooded across the Rhine. In the struggle with the Romans Visagoths, and Huns, the Franks emerged as the dominant power (5th century). Modern France takes its name from the Franks. Francia is the Latin term for "country of the Franks". Pepin founded the Carlogian dynaty which under Charlanegne include much of western and central Europe (9th century). Many of the modern European states developed from the break up of the Carlogian Empire after the death of Charlemagne. France emerged as one of those countries at about the time that the Viking raids began. The country thus was formed by the Celtic, Roman, Frankish, and Viking peoples. France developed with a weak monarchy because of the resistance of the nobility to cental authority. This left France open to attack from the Vikings and English. Frances played a mixed role in the Reformation. This changed after the Fronde when Louis XIV establish a centralized absolute monarchy. His efforts to expand France's borders to the Rhine brought a series of Wars. France competed with England Spain for control of overseas empires (India and North America). The French lost most of that empire in the overseas conflicts associated with the Seven Years War. French resentment was a factor in their support of the American colonies. The cost was a factor leading to the French Revolution, a major turning point in European history. The Revolution inspired some of the great ideals of the Western spirit, but unlike the American Reolution degenerated into the Great Terror. The Napoleonic Wars convulsed Europe in a series of wars until Napoleon's defeat (1815). The Congress of Vienna attempted to restablish the Ancien Regime. Afterwards France again began to build an overseas empire and the Industrial Revolution began to transform France. The restored Bourbon monarchy was finally replaced during the Revolution of 1848 with the Second Republic and Louis Napoleon's Second Empire. It was during his reign that Italy unified and after the disastrous Fraco-Prussian War that Germany unified. The loss of Alsace-Loraine created an embitered France seeking revenge. Louis Napoleon was replaced by the Third Republic. Kaiser Wilhem's disastrous diplomacy allowed France to negotiate a treaty with Russia and gradualy improve relations with Britain. Thus when World War I broke out France had allies. In the end France was saved by American intervention as it was again in World War II. After the War, France fought two colonial wars, but still lost its empire. It also persued a new relationship with German and European integration. France under DeGualle proved a divisive member of the Western alliance resisting Soviet expansion duruing the Cold War.
<br>
<h2><a href="/country/fran/eco/cf-eco.html">Economy</a></h2>
<p> Until the Industrial Revolution, French economic history was dominated by one simple fact--the tremendous fertility of French agriculure. Ceasar's conquest of Gaul greatly increased the wealth and power of the Roman Empire. Until the conquest of Gaul, Rome was a Mediterranean rather than a European power. With the fall of Rome, the wealth generated by French farmers ensured that France would be an economic and thus political power in medieval Europe. This was especially true as Germany, which should have been the dominant European power, was rent by the conflict between the papacy and Emperor and would not be united until the 19th century. France was also a divided country, but gradually unified around Paris and the French monarchy, France thus became the most powerful continental power for centuries, sustined by its growing popultion and amazingly productive soil. As Europe emerged from the medieval era, France did not pursue the Inquisition like Spain and the Papacy in Italy, thus the country did not become an intelectual backwater like those countries. At the same time it did not become a major intelectual center like England. Nor did become a center of capitalis, like England and the Netherlands. Rather France was constrained by the Feudal system and royal absolutism which inhibited the ability of individuals to develop their talents and abilities. France remained a major power, but in many ways was more backward than England, a much smaller power. England and France had fought the 100 Years wars in the medieval era. At the dawn of the modern era, Louis XIV launched a major effort to expand France's borders. This initiated two cdnturies of intermittent warfare with England and other nrigbors. Given the greater size and potential richness of France, one might have expected France to emerge the victor. This did not occur. French defeats in a series of war stemmed lrgely because its economy was still largely feudal while Britain embraced capitalism fueled by a maritime economy which would give birth to the Industrial Revolution. France would not begin its own Indistrial Revolution until after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
<br>
<h2><a href="co-franchron.html">Chronologies</a></h2>
<p> The fashion industry was important in France even in the 18th century. It was after the mid-19th century, however, that the industry began to explode. There were in 1850 about 25 Parisian dressmakers and ready to wear (confection) houses. That had increased four fold to 800 by 1863 and 1,090 by 1870. This was partly due to the expanding bourgeois and increasingly wealth of late 19th century France. More consumers with available disposable income could support the expanding industry. In addition, technological improvements were reducing the real costs of material and garments. Individuals beyond a handful of rich artistocrats and merchants who formerly might have had only a few changes of clothes, might now have a whole wardrobe. Not only could more people afford more clothes, but the clothes were increasingly well made and fitted. The poorly fitted
garments of the early and mid-19th century, by the 1870s had become increasingly well-tailored garments. The look of fashionably dressed childern in the 1870s and especially the 1880s contrasts dramatically to the poorly fitted baggy garments still common in the 1850s and even the 1860s. By the 1870s knee pants were becoming increasingly common in France. Knickers were also worn, but not so commonly. After the turn of the century sort pants were commonly worn and this did not begin until the 1960s. Today French boys have adopted the same pan-European style of jeans and other casual clothes.
<br>
<h2><a href="demo/cf-demo.html">Demographics</a></h2>
<p> France was historically Europe's most populous nation. During the Middle Ages, more than one quarter of Europe's total population is believed to have been French. Although we are nor sure how Russia's population was estimated. It relates to the tremendous fertility of the French soil at a time when agriculture was the primary determinet of national wealth. It points to how important Caesar's conqust of Gaul was. It is quite interesting how after the Norman conquest, England with such a smll popultion was so important. England with population a frction of the French popultion constantly dominated in the Hundred's Year War. A factor here was wheat. It was the crop people wanted to grow to produce bread. Norhern Europe meaning Germany, England, and Scandanavia were not good places to grow wheat because of the cold, wet weather. Mot only were yields relatively low, but there were actual crop failures because of the weather. Wheat came out of the warm, dry Middle East. France on the other hand offered a much better climate. This began to change with the European maritime outreach and conquest of the Americas (16th century). Among other results, it brought two especially important new crops to Europe -- potatoes and corn. Potatoes in particular provided farmers the ability to harvest sunstantially larger harvests per acre than when trying to grow wheat. The potato is today recognized as the 'world's heathiest food'. And corn is the most efficent converte of sunlight to carbohydrates. The result was a very rapid explosion of population, especially in Germany and Russia. In only one century, the French population declined from one-quarter to one-fifth (17th century). The last gasp of French dominnce was the Napoleonic Wars (early-19th century). After this the most populace and dominant European powers became Germany and Russia. Germany established its dominance in the Franco-Prussian War as a result of population and industry (1870-71). The question of demographics and a slowing birth rate was a major issue in French society. The birth rate in France began to slow earlier than in the rest of Europe. Population growth was slow in the 19th century, and the reached a nadir in the first half of the 20th century. At the same time France, was surrounded by the growing populations of Germany and the United Kingdom nd Russia further east. Germany and Russia would have their showdown in World War II in which France was reduced to the status of an impotent observer. France experiencd a post-World War II baby boom. Currently the country's fertility rate is close to the replacement level, but this is in part due to high fertility rates among immigrant groups. Racial and ethnic censuses were banned by the French government (1978). This was in part because the terms race and etnicity have dark associations with NAZI Germany. [Bleich] Another factor is the French Goverment's unwilligness to face up to the issue of France's changing demographics.
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<h2><a href="gar/cf-gar.html">Garments</a></h2>
<p>French designers apparently focused primarily on women's fashions. Unlike neigboring England, they do not appear to have created a lot of new boy's garments. They do, however, seem to have thought of many embelishments for existing styles. Younger French boys like other European boys wore dresses. One garment which did become destintly French was the smock--especially the school smock. Fancy suits for boys were in fact the inspiration for the American Little Lord Faintleroy suit. French boys began wearing short pants in the 1900s and they rapidly replaced the kneepants that boys had been wearing since the mid-19th century. The beret has to be the most versitile head gear in history. What other head gear has been wore by little boys and girls, elite soldiers, scruffy Cuban revolutionariers, boy and girl scouts, shepards, a president's nemesis, and many others more. The beret is another garment commonly associate with France. French boys commonly wore strap shoes, but this was primarily with dressy outfits. I am not sure when boys began to wear closed toe sandals for casual wear.
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<h2>Material</h2>
<p> We do not yet have much information on the materials or fabrics used in French children clothes. We do have some limited information on specific fabrics. <a href="/style/casual/cord/cou/cord-fra.html">Corduroy</a> was a popular fabric for several boys garments because it was hard wearing. It seems less popular for girls. Gingham or vichy cloth was commonly used for smocks. Velvet was used for fancy suits and dresses.
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<h2><a href="style/cf-style.html">Styles</a></h2>
<p>Two common styles worn by French boys were sailor suits and Fauntleroy suits. The sailor suit and sailor styling appears to have been particulatly popular in France. American authoress Frances Hogdsen Burnett lived in Paris for a time and the fancy velvet suits wirn by French children were an inspiration for the Little Lord Fauntleroy suits that became so popular in America furing the late-19th centuty. Some obsevers reported that knited styles were also reported.
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<h2><a href="color/cf-color.html">Color</a></h2>
<p> Color is a difficult topic because of the black and white photograph used during the 19th and much of the 20th century. And our site uses the photographic record as a major source of information. Black and white photography does show black and white clothing as well as if the coloes were light or dark. But while you can colorize movies, grey scales require some guesses. We are collecting svailable information about color. A major source is of course French art. We notice <a href="/art/ind/d/cdur/works/cd-geo.html">George Feydeau</a> as a 8-year old boy wearing a black velvet suit with color provided by a light blue bow (1870). A generation later the <a href="/art/ind/d/cdur/works/cd-fay.html">Faydouu children</a> are dressed in a dark blue velvet Fauntleroy suit and a satin silver dress (1898). <a href="/art/co-franren.html">Renoir</a> provides us many wonderful color images, although we are less sure about the color accuracy. In general, however, we believe the artistic depictions are a fairly accurate, dependable depiction of color. Another useful source of information is colorized photographs. Many studios offered to colorize the black and white portaits. Some of these colorized images are journey-men's work and very quickly and poorly done. Other are beautifully done. We believe that usually the colorist tried to replicate the colors actually worn, commonly noted by the photographer at the time the portrait was taken, but colors come in mny hues and unlike the artist, the colorist could not capture the specific hues. There were also some issues. Trying to colorize clothes with patterns could be very tedious, in some cases impossible. And we have never seen detailed instructions addressing patterns. Color information is also available in catalogs and advertisements.
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<h2><a href="/style/head/hair/nat/hfr.html">Hair Styles</a></h2>
<p> Many French boys in the 19th century wore long hair. HBC is unsure
about the chronology. Boys in the eraly 19th century wore short hair. I'm not sure when long hair became more common. This was particularly popular among boys from affluent families. Boys from
working-class families were more likely to have short hair. Long uncurled hair was worn by French boys. The ringlets that were commonly worn by American boys with long hair were much less common in France. As a result, the long hair worn by French boys often looks unkept. Perhaps for this reason, hair bows were more common for boys than in other countries. After the turn of the 20th century, long hair declined in popularity. Boys that did continue to wear long hair tended to wear it at lengths well above the shoulder. </p>
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<i>Figure 2.--French postcards in the early-20th century appear to provide more informatiion on how mothers wanted to dress their children rather than how most boys were actually dressed. A French contributor writes, "Fun, the image shows twins from my family, Andrée and Edmond in 1930. The boy Edmond is the child in left, the girl is at the right. They were twin brother-sisters. Andrée is a girl's Christian name (with a second 'e'). André is a boy's Christian name (wit a single e). For both the French pronounciation is the same. The personnal postcard with familly chidren were very popular until the German World War II occupation (1940-44). We were almost always photographed with flowers." </i>
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<h2><a href="att/cf-att.html">French Fashion Attitudes</a></h2>
<p>Americans visiting France in the 19th century thought that the French were overtly very solicitous to their children and much more willing to buy expensive fancy clothes for them. One American observer reoported in 1861 after seeing children in Paris parks, "In this microcosm of society, the innocent gambols of the children present the most interesting episode. At some distance from the social bedlam, where the vices and follies of fashion run riot in unrestrained licentiousness, little boys and girls enjoy themselves in playful amusement and childish freaks. The French are remarkably fond of children. They idolize their prattling little ones, and lavish upon them ummeasured tribute of admiration. Every child is paraded in the streets, in the public walks, at places of amusement, in the most attractive guise, as real master-pices of art. Nothing is too costly or too extravagant that is not cheerfully procured, at great expense, calculated to soothe the vanity of parents and their passion for exterior adornment." [A. Featherman, "Reminiscences of Paris," <i>Debow's Review, Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial Progress and Resources</i> Vol. 31, iss. 4, Oct-Nov 1861, p. 412; New Orleans (pp 404-412)] This attitude continued through the first half of the 20th century.
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<h2>Importance</h2>
<p>French fashions, including boys' fashions have had an important impact on fashions in many other countries. This has varied over time and among countries. We note French fashion influences in America and other European countries during the 19th century. A French reader tells us that French fashions were very influential in several European countries after World War II. He believes that there were two exceptions here. One was Spain which bordered France, but was a largely closed society because of the Fascist Franco government. The other exception may have been England which was perhaps had more conservative fashion attitudes. The French fashion industry was very dynamic after World War II. In France this sector was very dynamic after World War II. French fashions were also dominate in French possessions such as French Guiana and Algeria. Boys there dressed as in the metropole (France itself). Little mostly pre-school boys might wear puffed pants rompers. Boys also wore blouses with puffed sleeves and Peter Pan (Claudine collar). Older boys wore short cut shorts rather than rompers. These outfits were worn in the winter as well as the summer.
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<h2><a href="ac/fran-ac.html">Actual Clothing</a></h2>
<p>Old photographs and most illustrations are black and white. Many are also not clear enough to show clothing details. This photographs of old garments can provide useful information. Old clothing is often displayed in museums and very accurately dated. Collectors have photographed their personal collections, although they vary as to how well they have cataloged the items. Other images are available from vintage clothes sales.
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<h2><a href="reg/fr-gen.html">Regional Differences</a></h2>
<p>One factor which has to be considered in assessing French boys' clothing are regional differences. We do not yet fully understand these differences are their imapact on fashion, but we have begun to collect information. We wonder especially if the German annexation of <a href="reg/fr-al.html">Alsace-Loraine</a> (1870-1919 and 1940-44) might have resulted in some differences. Many people in northern France, especially Alsace speak German. A French reader, however, reports, that Alsatians never considered themself to be German. They speak a distinct dialect. Maqny Alsatians probably rejected German fashions even during the German ocupation (1870-1918). Nowadays the young people are more likely to speak standard French and can't speak the parents' dialect. One HBC reader reports that his granparents came from Alsace, but moved to Paris in 1870 rather than live under German control. Another important regional difference is the warmer climate of southern France which has affected clothing trends there.
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<h2><a href="/style/ethnic/ethnicfr.html">Folk Costume</a></h2>
<p>HBC has also developed information on ethnic or folk costumes. This section is of course related to the regional differences section. European countries despite the relatively small sizes are often divied by regional and ethnic differences. While Americans may think of France as a homogenous country, there are in fact many regional differences in France
with distinct ethnic costumes. Interestingly, the French are one of the few European nationalities that did not emmigrate in numbers to the United states. As a result, there are virtually no important French ethnic celebrations in America. HBC at this time has only limited information on French folk costumes.
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<h2><a href="act/fra-act.html">Activities</a></h2>
<p>Boys engage in a variety of activities from choral singing to athletics. Other major activities include dance, music, school, Scouting, summer camp, and much more. Athletics seems to have been less important in France than in America and England, in part becaise of the higly academic orientation of the school system. Many of these activities have destinctive clothing or even uniforms. HBC has begun to collect information on these activities and the clothing associated with them over time. A French reader stressesm however, that boys' and other clothing styles were suprisingly similar throughout France. This is in part due to the centralized system that French leadersm especially Louis XIV and Napoleon built.
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<h2>Institutions</h2>
<p> A variety of institutions play an important role in the lives of French children. The most important of course is the <a href="/schun/country/fran/schunfr.html">schools</a>. France lagged behind the Germans in establishing public schools, but after the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), France rapidly constructed one of the world's premier public education systems. Another institution dealing with children was <a href="/insti/Orp/orp-fr.html">orphanages</a>. And as a resultbof the teribke blood letting of World War I, new orohanafes hadtonbe ooebed. Realtively few children lost both parents, but with theloss of fathers, the family bread winner was lost. France also created one of the most advanced public health care system. There are decidicated <a href="insti/health/fi-health.html">children's health instituions</a>. The Germans were largely responsible for conceiving the sansatoria, or closed instututioinal approach for treating infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Santoria treated both adults and children. some special children's sanatoria were opened on France, but there cwere other dedicated facilities for childrenm suycj as the The French preventoria and aerium centers. Another imprtant institutions included orphanages and reformatories. Another popular institution was the <a href="/country/fran/act/fact-camp.html">summer camp</a>. which after World War I received support from the Governmetbfor the manychildren who had lost their fathers or whonhad fathers criticakly enjired. The were termed wards of the nation. Another development from World War I was facilities to care for the huge flow of refugees, including children. The result was child colonies (camps) for unacompanied child refugees. A good example is is the <a href="/bio/d/de/bio-debrmm.html">Debruyne boys</a>--Belgian refugee boys at one of thev French coionies.
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<h2><a href="fam/fr-fam.html">Families</a></h2>
<p>HBC has begun to collect information and images of families around the world. We believe that this helps to put the more individualized photographs of boys into a more complerte fashion and social context. These images not only show what the other menbers of the family (sisters, mothers, and fathers) were wearing, but also the homes and activities over time and of different social classes. Styes not only varied over time, but also on other variables such as social class. Such information is often difficult to discern from individua portraits. While the individual portraits provide more details on the actual fashions they often provide only cluses as to some of the sociological and historical trends which HBC is also pursuing.
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<h2><a href="class/cf-social.html">Social Class</a></h2>
<p> Much of our assessment of French boys' fashion depicts middle-class and to a lesser extent uper-class. This is because the phtographic record, especially the 9th and early-20 century photographic recird, is biased towrd thwe affluent classes. And HBC in its assessments relies heavily on photography. These were the people most likely to have portraits taken. A French reader writes, "Boys from upper and middle class families boys were dressed almost alike during the first half of the 20th century, except for the quality of the garments. In French families very often mothers, grandmothers, and aunts were often very skilled at making clothes. Skills in embroidery, sewing, and knitting. So often boys in large families wore beautifull embroidered rompers with embroidery." There were some differences, principally well-off parents often bought many more garments and these children had a larger wardrobe including more dress up garments or special occassions. Also wealthier families tended to dress children in more juvenile styles for a longer period. There were significant differences with poor families. Working class boys were a different matter. We have far fewer images of working-class children. We do not see anything like the social photo journalism like we find in America. We have, however found a few images. The French scholl smock was introduced largely to cover up the differences in how children with different socio-economic backgrounds were dressed. These childrenes were dressed less fashionably and often began wearing long pants like adults at an early age. These differences varied over time and begun to decline after World War I, both for working-class children and farm/peasant children. After World War II and especially the 1960s these class detinctions in how French children dressed became less apparent.
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<h2><a href="/fashion/store/mail/cou/fra/mcat-fra.html">French Catalogs and Advertisements</a></h2>
<p>French mail order catalogs and advertisments help to illustrate destinctive French clothing styles and changes over time in those styles. Currently we have only limited entries here. French readers are incouraged to submit any old catalogs and periodical advertisemenys they may have access to. We are especially interested in entries that can be dated by year.
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<h2><a href="/fashion/store/mail/cou/fra/store/fra-store.html">Stores</a></h2>
<p>HBC at this time has only limited information on specific French companies. One French reader has mentioned the "La Redoute" catalog was well known throughhout France. The clothing offered is a good indicator of styles that were widely worn in France and by French people in overseas locations. The some styles were also widely worn in Belgium. A HBC reader reports that the major French department stores were: Les galeries Lafayette, Au bon Marché (HBC has noted advertising from this store), La Samaritaine, La belle jardinière, Le Louvre, and Le Printemps. Au Louvre was a large department store in the centre of Paris. It was particularly well regarded for its luxury good. Many Americans shop here when visiting Paris. French readers are encouraged to submit any information they may have of these stores, including any recollections of the clothes purchased for them from these stores as boys.
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<h2>Home Sewing</h2>
<p> Practicly all French mothers after World War I in the 1920s got a sewing machine " Singer "when she married. The smocks and embroideries were commonly hand made at home. Girls were taught sewing in the schools and thus were skilled at sewing. French Mothers were proud to show off their nicely dressed girls and boys when they met friends on the street. The children wore garments with beautiful embroidery and smocking. A reader writes, "The poor father had to work more and more to pay that. It was normaly for the mother to keep the household money. The monthly family benefits were obligatory delivered in the own hand to mothers
and by cash. ntill 1960, the paying agent came inside each houses and could ask to see at the children.
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<h2><a href="co-franquest.html">Difficult Images</a></h2>
<p>I have had some difficulty in working with French images as I have found it sometimes difficult to identify the gender of the children. Of course this is in part a reflection of French children's fashions when the gender of the child is not clearly defined. Available images of French children show somewhat fancier styles than worn by boys in many other countries. Italian boys also sometimes wore fancy styles, but boys in most other countries did not. Fashions in most other countries were not as fancy and the differences between gender were much more clearly defined.
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<h2><a href="/art/nat/anat-fra.html">Art</a></h2>
<p>France has has one of the worls's greatest artistic heritages. Some of the world's most renowned artists were French. This is particularly true of the 19th century. France is also a renowned center for fashion. Thus French art is an extremely valuable orce for fashion historians. Some of the most fascinating 19th century images come from France, especially the late 19th century impressionists. Thus there are many wonderful portraits providing valuablr information on the history of fashion.
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<h2><a href="photo/fra-photo.html">Photography</a></h2>
<p> The important early work in photography was done in France and England. French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce is credited with the achievement of creatingh the first permanent photograp (12826). He produced photographic images on polished pewter plate which he covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea. The bitumen hardened when exposed to light. The unhardened material which were the dark areas of an image could then be washed away. The polished metal plate was a negative. Niépce produced a positive print by coating the pewter plare with ink and pressing it on paper. Next Niépce began experimenting with iron compounds. He had read about Johann Heinrich Schultz work with iron and chalk mixture that darkened when exposed to light (1724).
Niépce (in Chalon-sur-Saône) began working with and Louis Daguerre (in Paris). Together they refined the silver process.
Hercules Florence, a French-Brazilian painter and inventor, invented a silver process which he called Photographie. It does not seem to have made a major commercial impact. Niépce died of a stroke (1833). He left his papers and experimental notes to Daguerre who continued working to refine the still primitive photographic process. Daguerre was not a trained scientist. He managed, however, to make made two critical discoveries. First he found the critical neceessary chemical steps. This was a two step process. He used iodine vapour on the plate before exposing it tgo light. Then after the exposure he used mercury fumes. This brought out a latent image. Second, bathing the exposed plate in a salt bath fixed the image. Daguerre announced his invention (1839). Fox Talbot in England after hearing of Daguerre's success, announced his work. Commercial photography began with the Daguerreotype. While France was the leader in photography with the Daguerreotype, for some reason we have bren able to find few Frencg dags. We are not sure why this is. One source says that the French government bought the patent and made it public domain. Our understanding is tht Daguerre persued copy rught struggles with immitators. The Daguerreotype was a huge hit in America and large numbers of studios were operned. Apparently this did not occur in France. As the name suggests, the origins of the carte-de-viste (CDV) using a negative process was French (1851). Another source indicates that a French photographer, André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, introduce the CDV (1854). We do not, however, begin to see many actual examples until the end of the decade.
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<h2><a href="lit/fra-lit.html">Literature</a></h2>
<p>There is a great deal of fashion information in literature. As it is literature and not actual history, the comments on clothing have to be taken with caution. Authors vary as to how accurately they write about fashion and other historical cultural matters used to flesh out their plots and characters. Of course the most reliable fashion references are those in contemprary works. There are various types of literature of interest to HBC. We note useful information in both novels and children literature. Of course one helpful aspect of many books are the often fascinating references or even discussions of clothing.
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<h2><a href="/the/movie/cou/mcou-fr.html">French Movies</a></h2>
<p>One good source of information on French boys clothes is French movies, especailly films set in contemporary periods. The French film industry has made some beautiful films about boys, including both school films and coming of age films. Two wonderful classics are <i>Auervoir les Infantes</i> (France, 1990?) and <i>Murmer of the Heart</i> (France, 1971). Clothes and school uniforms worn during the 1940s are shown in <i>Auervoir les Infantes</i> (1990?). Clothes and school uniforms worn a decade later are depicted in Murmer of the Heart, including the white knee socks worn by schoolboys at Catholic colleges (private secondary-level day and boarding schools). <i>Zero for Conduct</i> (France, 19??) is another well known film. A film made by Americans, but shot in France is <i>Happy Road</i> (US, 195?).
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<h2><a href="/photo/pc/fra/pc-fra.html">Post Cards</a></h2>
<p>One good source of information on French boys' clothes during the early 20th century is postcards. Children were a popular subject for cards during this period. Many of these cards have been carefully saved by collectors in France and other countries. The clothes depicted are sometimes fancier than those actually worn. Often they seem to be idealized images depicting how mothers would have liked dress their boys rather than how they were actually dressed. The images do, however, show some of the styles that boys might wear for dressy occasions.
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<h2>Museums</h2>
<p>A reader reports that the Musée Galliera, now the fashion museum of the City of Paris, has extensive exhibits on children's clothing. She tells us that the Museum often has exhibitions about children's clothes in France. The "La Mode et l'enfant 1780-2000" exhibition in 2001 was especially informative.
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<h2><a href="id/fid-gen.html">Individual Details</a></h2>
<p>HBC has acquired information on several French boys over a wide range of years. Some are accounts contributed to HBC by readeres. Others are biographical accounts or images which have the mame of the child. These individual accounts provide some useful details on French boys clothing over time.
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<h2>Importance</h2>
<p>A French reader writes us, "The HBC pages on France give a very accuate view of boys' clothing and childhood trends in France. On the internet there is very little useful information about historic children's clothing and chilodhood experiences in France and other coujntries as well. Perhaps it is becaus that so many readers are young people. I am firmly convinced that we need the baby boom generation need to explain the atmosphere of our period to the new generation. Otherwise when we pass away we will have left without adequately dscribing our era. Already I truly regret not asking my father about his childdhood and what his life was like in the early 20th century. He is gone now and it is too late. I know much more about my mother, because I lived a time at my granparents home."
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<h2>Sources</h2>
<p> Bleich, Erik. "Race Policy in France" (Brookings Institution).
<p> <i>Children's Fashion 1860-1910, from Modes de Illustre</i> (Dover Books). There are fashion illustrations from a French Magazine, and illustrates European preferences.
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French country page boys clothes: France vêtements garçon français
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# France
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*Figure 1.--Many French boys still dressed in short pants during the early 1960s. This Jesuit school did not require a uniform. About half the boys were wearing shorts. As it was June and beginning to get warm, the boys are wearing ankel socks and some sandals.* |
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Fance is today the largest country in Western Europe, in part because Louis XIV extnded th border to the Rhine. Germany was potentially the largest country, but the Holuy Roman Empire never managed to colalese into a unified nation state until the late-19th century, but because of two dangerously flawed leaders, was reduced in size by two horrendous world wars which put the very existnce of France in question. Modern France was in ancient times Gaul (Gallia), the primary Celtic land after the Celts were driven west by the Germanic tribes. Gaul was conquered by Ceasar's Legions in one of the great and brutal military capaigns of history. With the fall of Roman power, the Germanic tribes flooded across the Rhine. In the struggle with the Romans Visagoths, and Huns, the Franks emerged as the dominant power (5th century). Modern France takes its name from the Franks. Francia is the Latin term for "country of the Franks". Pepin founded the Carlogian dynaty which under Charlanegne include much of western and central Europe (9th century). Many of the modern European states developed from the break up of the Carlogian Empire after the death of Charlemagne. France emerged as one of those countries at about the time that the Viking raids began. The country thus was formed by the Celtic, Roman, Frankish, and Viking peoples. France developed with a weak monarchy because of the resistance of the nobility to cental authority. This left France open to attack from the Vikings and English, but in modern times the challenge would come from the Germans. France next to England has probably had more influence on boyswear than virtually any country, at least until American fashions began to spread in the post World War II era. The French contribution to boys' wear has primarily been stlistic. French boys adopted many sdtyles created in England and then embelioshed them. Many English styles like the sailor suit became popular in France. Relatively few boys' garments were created in France. Perhaps the skeleton suit--although HBC is still uncertain about the origins of tghis famed garment. The classic image of the French boy is a boy on his way to school wearing a beret and colarless dark-colred smock with short pants. HBC has relatively little written information on the historical development of French boys clothes, but will sketch out a basic outline on the basis of various photographs and magazine illustrations that
I have seen. Hopefully French visitors to HBC will eventually provide some historical details.
## [Geography](geo/fra-geo.html)
Fance is today the largest country in Western Europe, in part because Louis XIV extnded th border to the Rhine. Germany was potentially the largest country, but the Holuy Roman Empire never managed to colalese into a unified nation state until the late-19th century, but because of two dangerously flawed leaders, was reduced in size by two horrendous world wars which put the very existnce of France in question. Three other countries are roughly the samne size (Englnd, Italy, and Spain.) Fir much of hisory, Frabce's great emneny was Englnd. Spain was a rival, but Spain is more arid which significntly limiited its power when through much of history, agriculture was the source of welth. In modern times it has been the frontier with Germany that became the central pivot on which history turned. nd unlike the southern boirder with Spain, there was no great barrier. France has a diverse landscape. There are beautiful beaches along the southeast coast--the internationlly aclaimed French Riviera. There are towering mountains in the east and south. The snow-capped Alps are the best known. Europes highest peak, Monte Blanc, is found here -- 4,810 meters. Wide, fertile plains dominate most of the north and west, mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills. This mkes France the agricultural breadbasket of Western Europe--a vital facor in medieval history. Then there is the sprawling, forested plateau of the Massif Central. A range of ancient mountains and extinct volcanoes seoarates Framce from Spain--the Pyrenees. This barrier unlike the German border helped to retard French-Spanish wars. There are fojur coasts (the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea).
The important rivers include the Seine River, Loire River, Meuse River,and Rhone River. Most French Rivers flow west into the Atantic. The Rhone is an important border. And the Rhone flows south creating a huge vally in easten France , emptying into the Mediterannean.
## [History](hist/fra-hist.html)
Modern France was in ancient times Gaul (Gallia), the primary Celtic land after the Celts were driven west by the Germanic tribes. Gaul was conquered by Ceasar's Legions in one of the great and brutal military capaigns of history. With the fall of Roman power, the Germanic tribes flooded across the Rhine. In the struggle with the Romans Visagoths, and Huns, the Franks emerged as the dominant power (5th century). Modern France takes its name from the Franks. Francia is the Latin term for "country of the Franks". Pepin founded the Carlogian dynaty which under Charlanegne include much of western and central Europe (9th century). Many of the modern European states developed from the break up of the Carlogian Empire after the death of Charlemagne. France emerged as one of those countries at about the time that the Viking raids began. The country thus was formed by the Celtic, Roman, Frankish, and Viking peoples. France developed with a weak monarchy because of the resistance of the nobility to cental authority. This left France open to attack from the Vikings and English. Frances played a mixed role in the Reformation. This changed after the Fronde when Louis XIV establish a centralized absolute monarchy. His efforts to expand France's borders to the Rhine brought a series of Wars. France competed with England Spain for control of overseas empires (India and North America). The French lost most of that empire in the overseas conflicts associated with the Seven Years War. French resentment was a factor in their support of the American colonies. The cost was a factor leading to the French Revolution, a major turning point in European history. The Revolution inspired some of the great ideals of the Western spirit, but unlike the American Reolution degenerated into the Great Terror. The Napoleonic Wars convulsed Europe in a series of wars until Napoleon's defeat (1815). The Congress of Vienna attempted to restablish the Ancien Regime. Afterwards France again began to build an overseas empire and the Industrial Revolution began to transform France. The restored Bourbon monarchy was finally replaced during the Revolution of 1848 with the Second Republic and Louis Napoleon's Second Empire. It was during his reign that Italy unified and after the disastrous Fraco-Prussian War that Germany unified. The loss of Alsace-Loraine created an embitered France seeking revenge. Louis Napoleon was replaced by the Third Republic. Kaiser Wilhem's disastrous diplomacy allowed France to negotiate a treaty with Russia and gradualy improve relations with Britain. Thus when World War I broke out France had allies. In the end France was saved by American intervention as it was again in World War II. After the War, France fought two colonial wars, but still lost its empire. It also persued a new relationship with German and European integration. France under DeGualle proved a divisive member of the Western alliance resisting Soviet expansion duruing the Cold War.
## [Economy](/country/fran/eco/cf-eco.html)
Until the Industrial Revolution, French economic history was dominated by one simple fact--the tremendous fertility of French agriculure. Ceasar's conquest of Gaul greatly increased the wealth and power of the Roman Empire. Until the conquest of Gaul, Rome was a Mediterranean rather than a European power. With the fall of Rome, the wealth generated by French farmers ensured that France would be an economic and thus political power in medieval Europe. This was especially true as Germany, which should have been the dominant European power, was rent by the conflict between the papacy and Emperor and would not be united until the 19th century. France was also a divided country, but gradually unified around Paris and the French monarchy, France thus became the most powerful continental power for centuries, sustined by its growing popultion and amazingly productive soil. As Europe emerged from the medieval era, France did not pursue the Inquisition like Spain and the Papacy in Italy, thus the country did not become an intelectual backwater like those countries. At the same time it did not become a major intelectual center like England. Nor did become a center of capitalis, like England and the Netherlands. Rather France was constrained by the Feudal system and royal absolutism which inhibited the ability of individuals to develop their talents and abilities. France remained a major power, but in many ways was more backward than England, a much smaller power. England and France had fought the 100 Years wars in the medieval era. At the dawn of the modern era, Louis XIV launched a major effort to expand France's borders. This initiated two cdnturies of intermittent warfare with England and other nrigbors. Given the greater size and potential richness of France, one might have expected France to emerge the victor. This did not occur. French defeats in a series of war stemmed lrgely because its economy was still largely feudal while Britain embraced capitalism fueled by a maritime economy which would give birth to the Industrial Revolution. France would not begin its own Indistrial Revolution until after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
## [Chronologies](co-franchron.html)
The fashion industry was important in France even in the 18th century. It was after the mid-19th century, however, that the industry began to explode. There were in 1850 about 25 Parisian dressmakers and ready to wear (confection) houses. That had increased four fold to 800 by 1863 and 1,090 by 1870. This was partly due to the expanding bourgeois and increasingly wealth of late 19th century France. More consumers with available disposable income could support the expanding industry. In addition, technological improvements were reducing the real costs of material and garments. Individuals beyond a handful of rich artistocrats and merchants who formerly might have had only a few changes of clothes, might now have a whole wardrobe. Not only could more people afford more clothes, but the clothes were increasingly well made and fitted. The poorly fitted
garments of the early and mid-19th century, by the 1870s had become increasingly well-tailored garments. The look of fashionably dressed childern in the 1870s and especially the 1880s contrasts dramatically to the poorly fitted baggy garments still common in the 1850s and even the 1860s. By the 1870s knee pants were becoming increasingly common in France. Knickers were also worn, but not so commonly. After the turn of the century sort pants were commonly worn and this did not begin until the 1960s. Today French boys have adopted the same pan-European style of jeans and other casual clothes.
## [Demographics](demo/cf-demo.html)
France was historically Europe's most populous nation. During the Middle Ages, more than one quarter of Europe's total population is believed to have been French. Although we are nor sure how Russia's population was estimated. It relates to the tremendous fertility of the French soil at a time when agriculture was the primary determinet of national wealth. It points to how important Caesar's conqust of Gaul was. It is quite interesting how after the Norman conquest, England with such a smll popultion was so important. England with population a frction of the French popultion constantly dominated in the Hundred's Year War. A factor here was wheat. It was the crop people wanted to grow to produce bread. Norhern Europe meaning Germany, England, and Scandanavia were not good places to grow wheat because of the cold, wet weather. Mot only were yields relatively low, but there were actual crop failures because of the weather. Wheat came out of the warm, dry Middle East. France on the other hand offered a much better climate. This began to change with the European maritime outreach and conquest of the Americas (16th century). Among other results, it brought two especially important new crops to Europe -- potatoes and corn. Potatoes in particular provided farmers the ability to harvest sunstantially larger harvests per acre than when trying to grow wheat. The potato is today recognized as the 'world's heathiest food'. And corn is the most efficent converte of sunlight to carbohydrates. The result was a very rapid explosion of population, especially in Germany and Russia. In only one century, the French population declined from one-quarter to one-fifth (17th century). The last gasp of French dominnce was the Napoleonic Wars (early-19th century). After this the most populace and dominant European powers became Germany and Russia. Germany established its dominance in the Franco-Prussian War as a result of population and industry (1870-71). The question of demographics and a slowing birth rate was a major issue in French society. The birth rate in France began to slow earlier than in the rest of Europe. Population growth was slow in the 19th century, and the reached a nadir in the first half of the 20th century. At the same time France, was surrounded by the growing populations of Germany and the United Kingdom nd Russia further east. Germany and Russia would have their showdown in World War II in which France was reduced to the status of an impotent observer. France experiencd a post-World War II baby boom. Currently the country's fertility rate is close to the replacement level, but this is in part due to high fertility rates among immigrant groups. Racial and ethnic censuses were banned by the French government (1978). This was in part because the terms race and etnicity have dark associations with NAZI Germany. [Bleich] Another factor is the French Goverment's unwilligness to face up to the issue of France's changing demographics.
## [Garments](gar/cf-gar.html)
French designers apparently focused primarily on women's fashions. Unlike neigboring England, they do not appear to have created a lot of new boy's garments. They do, however, seem to have thought of many embelishments for existing styles. Younger French boys like other European boys wore dresses. One garment which did become destintly French was the smock--especially the school smock. Fancy suits for boys were in fact the inspiration for the American Little Lord Faintleroy suit. French boys began wearing short pants in the 1900s and they rapidly replaced the kneepants that boys had been wearing since the mid-19th century. The beret has to be the most versitile head gear in history. What other head gear has been wore by little boys and girls, elite soldiers, scruffy Cuban revolutionariers, boy and girl scouts, shepards, a president's nemesis, and many others more. The beret is another garment commonly associate with France. French boys commonly wore strap shoes, but this was primarily with dressy outfits. I am not sure when boys began to wear closed toe sandals for casual wear.
## Material
We do not yet have much information on the materials or fabrics used in French children clothes. We do have some limited information on specific fabrics. [Corduroy](/style/casual/cord/cou/cord-fra.html) was a popular fabric for several boys garments because it was hard wearing. It seems less popular for girls. Gingham or vichy cloth was commonly used for smocks. Velvet was used for fancy suits and dresses.
## [Styles](style/cf-style.html)
Two common styles worn by French boys were sailor suits and Fauntleroy suits. The sailor suit and sailor styling appears to have been particulatly popular in France. American authoress Frances Hogdsen Burnett lived in Paris for a time and the fancy velvet suits wirn by French children were an inspiration for the Little Lord Fauntleroy suits that became so popular in America furing the late-19th centuty. Some obsevers reported that knited styles were also reported.
## [Color](color/cf-color.html)
Color is a difficult topic because of the black and white photograph used during the 19th and much of the 20th century. And our site uses the photographic record as a major source of information. Black and white photography does show black and white clothing as well as if the coloes were light or dark. But while you can colorize movies, grey scales require some guesses. We are collecting svailable information about color. A major source is of course French art. We notice [George Feydeau](/art/ind/d/cdur/works/cd-geo.html) as a 8-year old boy wearing a black velvet suit with color provided by a light blue bow (1870). A generation later the [Faydouu children](/art/ind/d/cdur/works/cd-fay.html) are dressed in a dark blue velvet Fauntleroy suit and a satin silver dress (1898). [Renoir](/art/co-franren.html) provides us many wonderful color images, although we are less sure about the color accuracy. In general, however, we believe the artistic depictions are a fairly accurate, dependable depiction of color. Another useful source of information is colorized photographs. Many studios offered to colorize the black and white portaits. Some of these colorized images are journey-men's work and very quickly and poorly done. Other are beautifully done. We believe that usually the colorist tried to replicate the colors actually worn, commonly noted by the photographer at the time the portrait was taken, but colors come in mny hues and unlike the artist, the colorist could not capture the specific hues. There were also some issues. Trying to colorize clothes with patterns could be very tedious, in some cases impossible. And we have never seen detailed instructions addressing patterns. Color information is also available in catalogs and advertisements.
## [Hair Styles](/style/head/hair/nat/hfr.html)
Many French boys in the 19th century wore long hair. HBC is unsure
about the chronology. Boys in the eraly 19th century wore short hair. I'm not sure when long hair became more common. This was particularly popular among boys from affluent families. Boys from
working-class families were more likely to have short hair. Long uncurled hair was worn by French boys. The ringlets that were commonly worn by American boys with long hair were much less common in France. As a result, the long hair worn by French boys often looks unkept. Perhaps for this reason, hair bows were more common for boys than in other countries. After the turn of the 20th century, long hair declined in popularity. Boys that did continue to wear long hair tended to wear it at lengths well above the shoulder.
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| [French children strap shoes](co-franpc.html)
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*Figure 2.--French postcards in the early-20th century appear to provide more informatiion on how mothers wanted to dress their children rather than how most boys were actually dressed. A French contributor writes, "Fun, the image shows twins from my family, Andrée and Edmond in 1930. The boy Edmond is the child in left, the girl is at the right. They were twin brother-sisters. Andrée is a girl's Christian name (with a second 'e'). André is a boy's Christian name (wit a single e). For both the French pronounciation is the same. The personnal postcard with familly chidren were very popular until the German World War II occupation (1940-44). We were almost always photographed with flowers."* |
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## [French Fashion Attitudes](att/cf-att.html)
Americans visiting France in the 19th century thought that the French were overtly very solicitous to their children and much more willing to buy expensive fancy clothes for them. One American observer reoported in 1861 after seeing children in Paris parks, "In this microcosm of society, the innocent gambols of the children present the most interesting episode. At some distance from the social bedlam, where the vices and follies of fashion run riot in unrestrained licentiousness, little boys and girls enjoy themselves in playful amusement and childish freaks. The French are remarkably fond of children. They idolize their prattling little ones, and lavish upon them ummeasured tribute of admiration. Every child is paraded in the streets, in the public walks, at places of amusement, in the most attractive guise, as real master-pices of art. Nothing is too costly or too extravagant that is not cheerfully procured, at great expense, calculated to soothe the vanity of parents and their passion for exterior adornment." [A. Featherman, "Reminiscences of Paris," *Debow's Review, Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial Progress and Resources* Vol. 31, iss. 4, Oct-Nov 1861, p. 412; New Orleans (pp 404-412)] This attitude continued through the first half of the 20th century.
## Importance
French fashions, including boys' fashions have had an important impact on fashions in many other countries. This has varied over time and among countries. We note French fashion influences in America and other European countries during the 19th century. A French reader tells us that French fashions were very influential in several European countries after World War II. He believes that there were two exceptions here. One was Spain which bordered France, but was a largely closed society because of the Fascist Franco government. The other exception may have been England which was perhaps had more conservative fashion attitudes. The French fashion industry was very dynamic after World War II. In France this sector was very dynamic after World War II. French fashions were also dominate in French possessions such as French Guiana and Algeria. Boys there dressed as in the metropole (France itself). Little mostly pre-school boys might wear puffed pants rompers. Boys also wore blouses with puffed sleeves and Peter Pan (Claudine collar). Older boys wore short cut shorts rather than rompers. These outfits were worn in the winter as well as the summer.
## [Actual Clothing](ac/fran-ac.html)
Old photographs and most illustrations are black and white. Many are also not clear enough to show clothing details. This photographs of old garments can provide useful information. Old clothing is often displayed in museums and very accurately dated. Collectors have photographed their personal collections, although they vary as to how well they have cataloged the items. Other images are available from vintage clothes sales.
## [Regional Differences](reg/fr-gen.html)
One factor which has to be considered in assessing French boys' clothing are regional differences. We do not yet fully understand these differences are their imapact on fashion, but we have begun to collect information. We wonder especially if the German annexation of [Alsace-Loraine](reg/fr-al.html) (1870-1919 and 1940-44) might have resulted in some differences. Many people in northern France, especially Alsace speak German. A French reader, however, reports, that Alsatians never considered themself to be German. They speak a distinct dialect. Maqny Alsatians probably rejected German fashions even during the German ocupation (1870-1918). Nowadays the young people are more likely to speak standard French and can't speak the parents' dialect. One HBC reader reports that his granparents came from Alsace, but moved to Paris in 1870 rather than live under German control. Another important regional difference is the warmer climate of southern France which has affected clothing trends there.
## [Folk Costume](/style/ethnic/ethnicfr.html)
HBC has also developed information on ethnic or folk costumes. This section is of course related to the regional differences section. European countries despite the relatively small sizes are often divied by regional and ethnic differences. While Americans may think of France as a homogenous country, there are in fact many regional differences in France
with distinct ethnic costumes. Interestingly, the French are one of the few European nationalities that did not emmigrate in numbers to the United states. As a result, there are virtually no important French ethnic celebrations in America. HBC at this time has only limited information on French folk costumes.
## [Activities](act/fra-act.html)
Boys engage in a variety of activities from choral singing to athletics. Other major activities include dance, music, school, Scouting, summer camp, and much more. Athletics seems to have been less important in France than in America and England, in part becaise of the higly academic orientation of the school system. Many of these activities have destinctive clothing or even uniforms. HBC has begun to collect information on these activities and the clothing associated with them over time. A French reader stressesm however, that boys' and other clothing styles were suprisingly similar throughout France. This is in part due to the centralized system that French leadersm especially Louis XIV and Napoleon built.
## Institutions
A variety of institutions play an important role in the lives of French children. The most important of course is the [schools](/schun/country/fran/schunfr.html). France lagged behind the Germans in establishing public schools, but after the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), France rapidly constructed one of the world's premier public education systems. Another institution dealing with children was [orphanages](/insti/Orp/orp-fr.html). And as a resultbof the teribke blood letting of World War I, new orohanafes hadtonbe ooebed. Realtively few children lost both parents, but with theloss of fathers, the family bread winner was lost. France also created one of the most advanced public health care system. There are decidicated [children's health instituions](insti/health/fi-health.html). The Germans were largely responsible for conceiving the sansatoria, or closed instututioinal approach for treating infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Santoria treated both adults and children. some special children's sanatoria were opened on France, but there cwere other dedicated facilities for childrenm suycj as the The French preventoria and aerium centers. Another imprtant institutions included orphanages and reformatories. Another popular institution was the [summer camp](/country/fran/act/fact-camp.html). which after World War I received support from the Governmetbfor the manychildren who had lost their fathers or whonhad fathers criticakly enjired. The were termed wards of the nation. Another development from World War I was facilities to care for the huge flow of refugees, including children. The result was child colonies (camps) for unacompanied child refugees. A good example is is the [Debruyne boys](/bio/d/de/bio-debrmm.html)--Belgian refugee boys at one of thev French coionies.
## [Families](fam/fr-fam.html)
HBC has begun to collect information and images of families around the world. We believe that this helps to put the more individualized photographs of boys into a more complerte fashion and social context. These images not only show what the other menbers of the family (sisters, mothers, and fathers) were wearing, but also the homes and activities over time and of different social classes. Styes not only varied over time, but also on other variables such as social class. Such information is often difficult to discern from individua portraits. While the individual portraits provide more details on the actual fashions they often provide only cluses as to some of the sociological and historical trends which HBC is also pursuing.
## [Social Class](class/cf-social.html)
Much of our assessment of French boys' fashion depicts middle-class and to a lesser extent uper-class. This is because the phtographic record, especially the 9th and early-20 century photographic recird, is biased towrd thwe affluent classes. And HBC in its assessments relies heavily on photography. These were the people most likely to have portraits taken. A French reader writes, "Boys from upper and middle class families boys were dressed almost alike during the first half of the 20th century, except for the quality of the garments. In French families very often mothers, grandmothers, and aunts were often very skilled at making clothes. Skills in embroidery, sewing, and knitting. So often boys in large families wore beautifull embroidered rompers with embroidery." There were some differences, principally well-off parents often bought many more garments and these children had a larger wardrobe including more dress up garments or special occassions. Also wealthier families tended to dress children in more juvenile styles for a longer period. There were significant differences with poor families. Working class boys were a different matter. We have far fewer images of working-class children. We do not see anything like the social photo journalism like we find in America. We have, however found a few images. The French scholl smock was introduced largely to cover up the differences in how children with different socio-economic backgrounds were dressed. These childrenes were dressed less fashionably and often began wearing long pants like adults at an early age. These differences varied over time and begun to decline after World War I, both for working-class children and farm/peasant children. After World War II and especially the 1960s these class detinctions in how French children dressed became less apparent.
## [French Catalogs and Advertisements](/fashion/store/mail/cou/fra/mcat-fra.html)
French mail order catalogs and advertisments help to illustrate destinctive French clothing styles and changes over time in those styles. Currently we have only limited entries here. French readers are incouraged to submit any old catalogs and periodical advertisemenys they may have access to. We are especially interested in entries that can be dated by year.
## [Stores](/fashion/store/mail/cou/fra/store/fra-store.html)
HBC at this time has only limited information on specific French companies. One French reader has mentioned the "La Redoute" catalog was well known throughhout France. The clothing offered is a good indicator of styles that were widely worn in France and by French people in overseas locations. The some styles were also widely worn in Belgium. A HBC reader reports that the major French department stores were: Les galeries Lafayette, Au bon Marché (HBC has noted advertising from this store), La Samaritaine, La belle jardinière, Le Louvre, and Le Printemps. Au Louvre was a large department store in the centre of Paris. It was particularly well regarded for its luxury good. Many Americans shop here when visiting Paris. French readers are encouraged to submit any information they may have of these stores, including any recollections of the clothes purchased for them from these stores as boys.
## Home Sewing
Practicly all French mothers after World War I in the 1920s got a sewing machine " Singer "when she married. The smocks and embroideries were commonly hand made at home. Girls were taught sewing in the schools and thus were skilled at sewing. French Mothers were proud to show off their nicely dressed girls and boys when they met friends on the street. The children wore garments with beautiful embroidery and smocking. A reader writes, "The poor father had to work more and more to pay that. It was normaly for the mother to keep the household money. The monthly family benefits were obligatory delivered in the own hand to mothers
and by cash. ntill 1960, the paying agent came inside each houses and could ask to see at the children.
## [Difficult Images](co-franquest.html)
I have had some difficulty in working with French images as I have found it sometimes difficult to identify the gender of the children. Of course this is in part a reflection of French children's fashions when the gender of the child is not clearly defined. Available images of French children show somewhat fancier styles than worn by boys in many other countries. Italian boys also sometimes wore fancy styles, but boys in most other countries did not. Fashions in most other countries were not as fancy and the differences between gender were much more clearly defined.
## [Art](/art/nat/anat-fra.html)
France has has one of the worls's greatest artistic heritages. Some of the world's most renowned artists were French. This is particularly true of the 19th century. France is also a renowned center for fashion. Thus French art is an extremely valuable orce for fashion historians. Some of the most fascinating 19th century images come from France, especially the late 19th century impressionists. Thus there are many wonderful portraits providing valuablr information on the history of fashion.
## [Photography](photo/fra-photo.html)
The important early work in photography was done in France and England. French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce is credited with the achievement of creatingh the first permanent photograp (12826). He produced photographic images on polished pewter plate which he covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea. The bitumen hardened when exposed to light. The unhardened material which were the dark areas of an image could then be washed away. The polished metal plate was a negative. Niépce produced a positive print by coating the pewter plare with ink and pressing it on paper. Next Niépce began experimenting with iron compounds. He had read about Johann Heinrich Schultz work with iron and chalk mixture that darkened when exposed to light (1724).
Niépce (in Chalon-sur-Saône) began working with and Louis Daguerre (in Paris). Together they refined the silver process.
Hercules Florence, a French-Brazilian painter and inventor, invented a silver process which he called Photographie. It does not seem to have made a major commercial impact. Niépce died of a stroke (1833). He left his papers and experimental notes to Daguerre who continued working to refine the still primitive photographic process. Daguerre was not a trained scientist. He managed, however, to make made two critical discoveries. First he found the critical neceessary chemical steps. This was a two step process. He used iodine vapour on the plate before exposing it tgo light. Then after the exposure he used mercury fumes. This brought out a latent image. Second, bathing the exposed plate in a salt bath fixed the image. Daguerre announced his invention (1839). Fox Talbot in England after hearing of Daguerre's success, announced his work. Commercial photography began with the Daguerreotype. While France was the leader in photography with the Daguerreotype, for some reason we have bren able to find few Frencg dags. We are not sure why this is. One source says that the French government bought the patent and made it public domain. Our understanding is tht Daguerre persued copy rught struggles with immitators. The Daguerreotype was a huge hit in America and large numbers of studios were operned. Apparently this did not occur in France. As the name suggests, the origins of the carte-de-viste (CDV) using a negative process was French (1851). Another source indicates that a French photographer, André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, introduce the CDV (1854). We do not, however, begin to see many actual examples until the end of the decade.
## [Literature](lit/fra-lit.html)
There is a great deal of fashion information in literature. As it is literature and not actual history, the comments on clothing have to be taken with caution. Authors vary as to how accurately they write about fashion and other historical cultural matters used to flesh out their plots and characters. Of course the most reliable fashion references are those in contemprary works. There are various types of literature of interest to HBC. We note useful information in both novels and children literature. Of course one helpful aspect of many books are the often fascinating references or even discussions of clothing.
## [French Movies](/the/movie/cou/mcou-fr.html)
One good source of information on French boys clothes is French movies, especailly films set in contemporary periods. The French film industry has made some beautiful films about boys, including both school films and coming of age films. Two wonderful classics are *Auervoir les Infantes* (France, 1990?) and *Murmer of the Heart* (France, 1971). Clothes and school uniforms worn during the 1940s are shown in *Auervoir les Infantes* (1990?). Clothes and school uniforms worn a decade later are depicted in Murmer of the Heart, including the white knee socks worn by schoolboys at Catholic colleges (private secondary-level day and boarding schools). *Zero for Conduct* (France, 19??) is another well known film. A film made by Americans, but shot in France is *Happy Road* (US, 195?).
## [Post Cards](/photo/pc/fra/pc-fra.html)
One good source of information on French boys' clothes during the early 20th century is postcards. Children were a popular subject for cards during this period. Many of these cards have been carefully saved by collectors in France and other countries. The clothes depicted are sometimes fancier than those actually worn. Often they seem to be idealized images depicting how mothers would have liked dress their boys rather than how they were actually dressed. The images do, however, show some of the styles that boys might wear for dressy occasions.
## Museums
A reader reports that the Musée Galliera, now the fashion museum of the City of Paris, has extensive exhibits on children's clothing. She tells us that the Museum often has exhibitions about children's clothes in France. The "La Mode et l'enfant 1780-2000" exhibition in 2001 was especially informative.
## [Individual Details](id/fid-gen.html)
HBC has acquired information on several French boys over a wide range of years. Some are accounts contributed to HBC by readeres. Others are biographical accounts or images which have the mame of the child. These individual accounts provide some useful details on French boys clothing over time.
## Importance
A French reader writes us, "The HBC pages on France give a very accuate view of boys' clothing and childhood trends in France. On the internet there is very little useful information about historic children's clothing and chilodhood experiences in France and other coujntries as well. Perhaps it is becaus that so many readers are young people. I am firmly convinced that we need the baby boom generation need to explain the atmosphere of our period to the new generation. Otherwise when we pass away we will have left without adequately dscribing our era. Already I truly regret not asking my father about his childdhood and what his life was like in the early 20th century. He is gone now and it is too late. I know much more about my mother, because I lived a time at my granparents home."
## Sources
Bleich, Erik. "Race Policy in France" (Brookings Institution).
*Children's Fashion 1860-1910, from Modes de Illustre* (Dover Books). There are fashion illustrations from a French Magazine, and illustrates European preferences.
---
# HBC
[](/email.html)
*Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site:
[**[Introduction](/intro.html)]
[[Activities](/act/act.html)]
[[Biographies](/bio/bio.html)]
[[Chronology](/chron/chron.html)]
[[Countries](/country/country.html)]
[[Clothing styles](/style/style.html)]
[[Theatricals](/the/the.html)]
[[Bibliographies](/bib.html)]
[[Contributions](/cont.html)]
[[FAQs](/faq.html)]
[[French glossary](/var/for/fra/fgloss.html)]
[[Images](/cont/image.html)]
[[Links](/link.html)]
[[Registration](/cont/contr.html)]
[[Tools](/index2at.html)]
[[Boys' Clothing Home](/index2.html)]***
*Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing French pages:
[Main French page]
**[[French choirs](/act/choir/nat/fra/choirf.html)]
[[French school uniforms](/schun/country/fran/schunfr.html)]
[[French school smocks](/schun/gar/smock/schunfrsmo.html)]
[[French royalty](/royal/fra/royal-fr.htm)]
[[French sailor suits](/style/suit/sailor/sailorscoufr.html)]
[[French youth groups](/youth/youth/cou/coy-fra.htm)]
[[Difficult French images](co-franquest.html)]
[[French art](/art/artistn.html)]
[[French Movies](/the/movie/cou/mcou-fr.html)]
[[French ethnics](/style/ethnic/ethnicfr.html)]***
Created: October 30, 1998
Last updated: 4:55 PM 4/19/2017
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I believe that throughout the universe we meet many wonderful and unique individuals, each travelling on their path to happiness, insight and knowledge.
We are all souls who have spent time on this Earth in order to learn lessons and share information with our fellow beings. Before we depart this three dimensional existence we give back a little part of the universe in the form of love, knowledge and conscious awareness. The planet as a whole will benefit from our love and caring.
Crop circles have had a profound effect on thousands of people who have witnessed and studied them through the years. Irrespective of origin, they have acted as a catalyst to learning, understanding and spirituality as we strive to understand the meaning and purpose behind the genuine crop circles.
I created this web site with the aim of sharing information and creating a forum by which people of like-minded souls around the planet can communicate with each other in order to spread love, light and positivity to the planet.
There is so much pain and sadness in the world at the moment, we need to send love and understanding around the globe, in order to heal the planet and send inspiration to those who need it, whoever they are and whatever their agenda.
Together we can make the world a better place.
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Didik at:</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="AQUA"><FONT SIZE="2">inquiry
[at] didik.com</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"> <!-- $MVD$:picsz("446","198") --><IMG SRC="black5000l.jpg" WIDTH="89" HEIGHT="40" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("353","198") --><IMG SRC="black5000r.jpg" WIDTH="71" HEIGHT="40" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1">(New
York City, USA)</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="WHITE"><FONT SIZE="3"><B>Designs,
Projects, Proposals and Innovations by Frank Didik</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
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</TABLE><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Trans-Global
Highway</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="/bubble" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Inflatable
Structures and Shelters</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.FrankDidik.com" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Frank
Didik thoughts</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="didik_ev.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Designing
Electric Vehicles</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> </FONT><A HREF="sol200.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">|
Solar Energy</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="ev_club.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Electric
Car Owners Society</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="d3d.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Stereo
3D Lenticular</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="/eastern_european_business_directory" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">E.Europe</FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">|
</FONT><A HREF="http://www.design1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Art</FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">,
</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Films
and </FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">D</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">esign</FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">.</FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.FrankDidik.com" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Frank
Didik thoughts</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">
| </FONT><A HREF="/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">World
of </FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Tomorrow</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">
| </FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Photo
Journalism</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">NYC
in Pictures</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> | </FONT><A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">Japan
Stock Photo Archive</FONT></A></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"> </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com"><FONT COLOR="AQUA">Main
Menu</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FFCC00">Be
sure to also visit </FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.FrankDidik.com" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="AQUA">www.FrankDidik.com</FONT></B></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#FFCC00">
for more Frank Didik thoughts on society</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="6"><FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS,Comic Sans,Times New Roman"><FONT COLOR="#007F00"><B><I>Merry
Christmas and Happy New Year!</I></B></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="4"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Thoughts,
Designs, Projects, Proposals and Innovations by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Frank
X. Didik knowledge spans a significant number of subjects thus he is</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">able
to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">I
encourage everyone to do whatever you can do, to the best of your
ability and try to make your dreams a reality.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11" VALIGN=TOP></TD>
<TD WIDTH="189" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Thoughts
by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Please
visit</FONT><A HREF="http://www.FrankDidik.com" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2"> <B>www.FrankDidik.com</B></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="2">
for more thoughts by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><I><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="RED">A
million plus people a month </FONT></FONT></I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="RED">can't
be wrong!</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B><BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">These
thoughts are organized by popularity rather than chronologically.
Sometimes you must scroll down for the latest thoughts. Updated
October 13, 2022</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
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<P>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="2" BORDER="0">
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<!-- $MVD$:picsz("240","154") --><IMG SRC="ssmus1.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="93" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="ssmus1.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Solar-Electric safety motorcycle.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="2" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("268","185") --><IMG SRC="ss.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="96" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="ss.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_st.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Shooting Star</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">" Gas-Hybrid
fantasy vehicle built for trade show.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="2" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("338","263") --><IMG SRC="didik_ct.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="136" HEIGHT="106" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="didik_ct.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Hybrid Electric</FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_ct.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Long Ranger</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">(highly
modified CitiCar)</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("430","371") --><IMG SRC="didik_mu.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="119" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="didik_mu.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Human Powered Version</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("420","290") --><IMG SRC="fd2lens.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="96" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="fd2lens.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"Didik Project 2000" Solar thermo-couple
system with 2 meter (6.5foot) vacuum formed reflective lens.</FONT><BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik Solar Energy Research</FONT></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
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<TD COLSPAN="5" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="15" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="500" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
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<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN=TOP>
<P>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("184","132") --><IMG SRC="image006.jpg" WIDTH="184" HEIGHT="118" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0" V:SHAPES="_x0000_i1027"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN=TOP>
<P>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("204","90") --><IMG SRC="image010.jpg" WIDTH="184" HEIGHT="118" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0" V:SHAPES="_x0000_i1029"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" VALIGN=TOP>
<P>
<IMG SRC="image013.jpg" WIDTH="184" HEIGHT="118" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0" V:SHAPES="_x0000_i1031"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Be
sure to also visit </FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.FrankDidik.com" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="BLUE">www.FrankDidik.com</FONT></B></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
for more Frank Didik thoughts on society</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">To
view this site as it was in 2007, please <B><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/didiknet_2007.htm" TARGET="_blank">click
here</A></B>.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
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<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("124","192") --><IMG SRC="SO_LENS.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="93" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="SO_LENS.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik Solar Energy Research</FONT></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="didik_ev.htm">Ths
secret to manufacturing a viable electric car</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("416","289") --><IMG SRC="didik_m2.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="98" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="didik_m2.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="fdmc.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
foldable Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
Didik proposal for the </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><B><A HREF="http://www.transglobalhighway.com" TARGET="_blank">Trans-Global
Highway</A></B></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.transglobalhighway.com"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("600","406") --><IMG SRC="thm_tgwmap2.jpg" WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="95" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("333","284") --><IMG SRC="simp1.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="136" HEIGHT="116" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="simp1.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="simp.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Simplicity</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">" Electric
hybrid vehicle with rear wheel turning.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
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</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("631","600") --><IMG SRC="didik2020_100b.jpg" WIDTH="91" HEIGHT="87" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/didik2020" TARGET="_blank">DIDIK
2020</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Prototype
worlds smallest, lightest 4x5 film camera - scanable 5 gigapixels</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
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<!-- $MVD$:picsz("576","307") --><IMG SRC="Fig3.jpg" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="74" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/bottomdoorutilitytruck"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Bottom
Door Utility Truck </FONT></FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Patent
Pending</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">The Bottom Door
Utility Truck enhances worker comfort and safety by allowing workers
access to manholes from inside of the utility van while maintaining a
comfortable work environment. </FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/bottomdoorutilitytruck"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Read
More...</FONT></FONT></A></TD>
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<!-- $MVD$:picsz("672","504") --><IMG SRC="selfstickdetector174.jpg" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/ecs2"><FONT SIZE="1">Self
Stick Stray and Contact Voltage Detector Patent.</FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Every year,
thousands of people sustain electric shocks which in some cases, can
injure or kill. The Self Stick Stray and Contact Voltage Detector is
the solution. Patent pending</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/ecs2"><FONT SIZE="1">Read
More...</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
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<!-- $MVD$:picsz("768","576") --><IMG SRC="DIDIK_TM_313.JPG" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
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<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="4"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("768","576") --><IMG SRC="glassesfig8.jpg" WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="49" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"> <!-- $MVD$:picsz("768","576") --><IMG SRC="fig7.jpg" WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="49" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hearingaid"><FONT SIZE="2">Lip
Reading To Text Hearing Aid Glasses</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Unique
and advanced.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Patent
Pending </FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hearingaid"><FONT SIZE="1">Read
more</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1">...</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"><FONT SIZE="5"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("960","720") --><IMG SRC="npc.jpg" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2">Isolation
Chamber to transport a sick person and to prevent pathogenic
microorganisms from spreading to other people. Unique and advanced.
Patent pending</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT><A HREF="/bubble/didiknegativepressurechamber.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">Read
more...</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<!-- $MVD$:picsz("744","576") --><IMG SRC="didikboat4.jpg" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="107" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatsaver"><FONT SIZE="2">Boat
Ungrounder</FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Patent Pending</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("314","488") --><IMG SRC="mod4.jpg" WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="75" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">The Boat Saver
helps free a grounded boat. </FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatsaver"><FONT SIZE="1">Read
More...</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
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<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","131") --><IMG SRC="DIDIK_M3.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="98" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DIDIK_M3.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Solar-Human powered</FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","159") --><IMG SRC="dupl2.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="133" HEIGHT="110" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="dupl2.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="duplex.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Duplexity</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">" human
powered, foldable scooter for two.</FONT></TD>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("576","432") --><IMG SRC="bbmedh.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="133" HEIGHT="110" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bubble7.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","168") --><IMG SRC="SSMUS3.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131" HEIGHT="115" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="SSMUS3.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
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</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("219","331") --><IMG SRC="nysslens.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="nysslens.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik Solar Energy Research</FONT></A></TD>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
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<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","119") --><IMG SRC="bike5a.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="89" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bike5a.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">The Didik quest for </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial
Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="lightbike.htm">the
worlds lightest bicycle</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">.
Nine pounds (4kg). Rear and front wheel turns. Epoxy coated foam.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("576","432") --><IMG SRC="bb_medical2011a_018.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="109" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bubble15.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"> Inflatable
clean room, filtered Structure</FONT></TD>
</TR>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="ev_build.htm"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
to Build an Electric Car</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","115") --><IMG SRC="SSMUS2.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" HEIGHT="83" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="SSMUS2.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ddk.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
vehicles are designed</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("270","401") --><IMG SRC="fxd169.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="75" HEIGHT="111" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="fxd169.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/art/cv.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik's
view on design</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></TD>
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<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00111.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="102" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00111.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hudson_river2010"><FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("200","150") --><IMG SRC="thm_BoatAdventure1219.jpg" WIDTH="129" HEIGHT="97" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hudson_river2010"><FONT SIZE="1">Nine
day sailing adventure</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">on
the Hudson River. Experiments in exceding hull speed and enhanced
hull strength with existing fiberglass boats.</FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("180","163") --><IMG SRC="thm_TWH021.jpg" WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="109" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
Didik proposal for the </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm">Trans-Global
Highway</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM033897.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="111" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM033897.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">First step in construction of large scale inflatable structures.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
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</TABLE></TD>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00072.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="128" HEIGHT="97" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00072.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("140","192") --><IMG SRC="unit1.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="101" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="unit1.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Didik 360 Degree 3D Stereo lenticular projection system</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Didik Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("180","135") --><IMG SRC="thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="98" HEIGHT="73" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg" BORDER="2" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Designing and
building a simple car top,<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm">row
boat or motor boat</A> in three days.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">_________________</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="6"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">Haiti</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><BR>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="HaitiHousing.pdf">Earthquake</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><A HREF="HaitiHousing.pdf"> </A></B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="HaitiHousing.pdf">Relief</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><A HREF="HaitiHousing.pdf">
Housing Effort</A></B></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("384","288") --><IMG SRC="pt0087.jpg" WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="89" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Photography by
Frank Didik<B>:</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.NYCinPictures.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">New
York Photo Archive</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Asia</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Historic
Asia (1850's-1920's)</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="filmfoot.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Stock
Film Footage Database</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Celebrities</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb/celeb3d.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Celebrities
in 3D Stereo</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/homefront"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Protest
marches</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Tropics</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/didik_ev.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Electric
cars</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Japan</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/croatia"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Croatia</FONT></A></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/#wtc"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">World
Trade Center Archives</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
| </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Alternative
Energy</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
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<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="d3d.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("118","177") --><IMG SRC="ddkhdtv.jpg" WIDTH="107" HEIGHT="161" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" USEMAP="#ddkhdtv" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="dtv.htm"> Early
Didik 3-D Television</A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="dtv.htm">Systems
from the 70's</A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("248","177") --><IMG SRC="pic4.jpg" WIDTH="130" HEIGHT="93" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">NYCinPictures.com</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">A
photograph of every building in Manhattan. Photographed by Frank
Didik. Part of his virtual reality world project.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("176","177") --><IMG SRC="3db.jpg" WIDTH="115" HEIGHT="89" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></B></FONT></FONT></I><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00037.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="109" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00037.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Didik Barrier strip stereo-motion 3D images</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","164") --><IMG SRC="bike8.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="129" HEIGHT="110" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bike8.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Didik Ultra-light weight bicycle.</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial
Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="lightbike.htm">
Worlds lightest bike</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("184","116") --><IMG SRC="hover5.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="91" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="hover5.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Realistic
analysis of the pros and cons of the </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="dhv.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Hovercraf</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">t</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("307","337") --><IMG SRC="hover2.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="132" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="hover2.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("307","326") --><IMG SRC="hover3.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131" HEIGHT="139" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="hover3.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="dee.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("111","373") --><IMG SRC="ddkhdbk.jpg" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="101" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" USEMAP="#ddkhdbk" LOOP="0"></A></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="dbook.htm">Frank
Didik Business Books</A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("384","292") --><IMG SRC="3dcd5.jpg" WIDTH="108" HEIGHT="82" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><B><I><FONT COLOR="RED">2003
Edition</FONT></I></B></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> History
and Guide Book to Lenticular Technology cd-rom by Frank Didik</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm">Experimenting</A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Research,
Development and</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Experimenting.
Trial and error and developing new materials. Can you charge a cell
phone with an orange?!!</FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("200","160") --><IMG SRC="thm_IM033248.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="67" HEIGHT="53" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="thm_IM033248.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="#FFFFDB"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("250","137") --><IMG SRC="hwsmall.gif" WIDTH="132" HEIGHT="83" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Proposal
for the</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm"><B>Trans-Global
Highway</B></A><B>.</B></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("336","254") --><IMG SRC="bubmil4.jpg" WIDTH="127" HEIGHT="96" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Positive
pressure filtration tents.</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("499","263") --><IMG SRC="nycpccol.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="62" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="nycpccol.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"> Virtual reality New York City. <FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.ExpandedGPS.com">Expanded
GPS</A></FONT>These photographs are interconnected to create a
virtual New York City. This was done a numnber of years before Google
street view and has a different commercial purpose.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","135") --><IMG SRC="SIMP7.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="137" HEIGHT="97" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="SIMP7.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="simp.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Simplicity</FONT></FONT></A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("244","192") --><IMG SRC="fdmc1.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="109" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="fdmc1.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="fdmc.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Foldable
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00050.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00050.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:spaceretainer() --> <BR>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00029.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="106" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00029.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("116","172") --><IMG SRC="hs_ls.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="97" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="hs_ls.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00023.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="139" HEIGHT="105" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00023.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Didik portable, emergency, germ free safety gurney and bed.</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">
Didik Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("144","192") --><IMG SRC="DSC00003.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="108" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00003.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00040.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="106" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00040.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Didik portable, emergency, germ free safety gurney and bed.</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">
Didik Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="145" WIDTH="145" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00001.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="106" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00001.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="EX000001.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="112" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="EX000001.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Frank Didik designed and built machine to cut
lenticular 3D lenses. <A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Didik
Lenticular Stereo (3-D) Technology</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034583.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="108" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034583.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Internal component of the Didik gyroscopic image
stabilizer designed to rotate in partially evacuated hydrogen atmosphere</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034643.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="112" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034643.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Micro housing designed to be built upon a rock outcrop.<FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Please
</FONT></FONT><A HREF="mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1">contact
Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> for
affordable micro housing designed using new, low cost, modern materials.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("366","384") --><IMG SRC="pr05b.jpg" WIDTH="99" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/">Frank
Didik Commercial and Editorial Photography</A> </FONT><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">Didik
photographs can be found in numerous magazines and publications</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034683.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="133" HEIGHT="107" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034683.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034705.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="112" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034705.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="dae.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Arctic Explorer</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"> Enclosed,
heated and floatable snow mobile.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034719.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="108" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034719.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
driving on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034729.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="112" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034729.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Solar-Human </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("154","192") --><IMG SRC="IM034734.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="112" HEIGHT="140" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034734.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034744.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="108" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034744.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Construction of custom solar vehicle.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034746.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="112" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034746.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Be sure to read</FONT></FONT><A HREF="ev_build.htm"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1">
"How to Build an Electric Car"</FONT></FONT></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034748.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="134" HEIGHT="107" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034748.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Light weight is essential for efficiency in solar vehicles.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034760.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="132" HEIGHT="106" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034760.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Technique to create lenticular 3D images, from
"flat" images. <A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Didik
Lenticular Stereo (3-D) Technology</FONT></A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034766.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="131" HEIGHT="105" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034766.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">Solar array designed by Frank Didik for custom built,
solar heated workshop.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","154") --><IMG SRC="IM034803.JPG" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="108" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="IM034803.JPG" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"> in classroom for
seminar on solar vehicles at the National Design Museum of the
Smithsonian Institute.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("240","192") --><IMG SRC="tu019.jpg" WIDTH="129" HEIGHT="103" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/dturtle.htm">Didik
Turtle</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">A
truly basic electric car built in just 14 hours.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("635","480") --><IMG SRC="artfm07.jpg" WIDTH="129" HEIGHT="98" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/art/artphoto.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Fleeting
Moments Art Project</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1">.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("160","220") --><IMG SRC="dbook.jpg" WIDTH="76" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/books/proposals.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Current
Book Projects</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">and</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/dbook.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Prior
Business Books</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">and</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> <A HREF="http://www.easterneuropeanbusinessdirectory.com">Eastern
European Business Directory</A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oceanhome"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("288","203") --><IMG SRC="floatinghomemini.jpg" WIDTH="131" HEIGHT="92" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Design
exercise</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oceanhome"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Ocean Home page</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Floating
deep water home</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oceanhome/FloatingHome.pdf">Ocean
Home PDF file</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("288","218") --><IMG SRC="bubble6.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bubble6.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("375","259") --><IMG SRC="fxd170.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="100" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="fxd170.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Garamond">Be sure to
read </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ddk.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">"How
vehicles are designed"</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Garamond">
and </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ddk.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">"</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><A HREF="ev_build.htm"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Garamond">How
to Build an Electric Car"</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("288","218") --><IMG SRC="bubble7.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="136" HEIGHT="103" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bubble7.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("307","232") --><IMG SRC="bubble15.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="137" HEIGHT="103" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="bubble15.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1">"</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com">Didik
Bubble Bunker</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Thoughts
by</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="2">Random
thoughts on science, business and society today. </FONT></I></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughts_index.htm">Index</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></I></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT="140" WIDTH="140" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><I><FONT SIZE="2">www.</FONT>DIDIK<FONT SIZE="2">.</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></A><I><A HREF="mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE="2">com</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></I><BR>
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<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">More
Thoughts by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></B></P>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Euthanasia
to be encouraged?</FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
I was just reading that insurance companies encourage suicide, in
states that permit assisted suicide. Greater profits by less medical
bills and life insurance policies invalidated? I suspect that with a
rapidly aging population, the elderly will be encouraged to end their
lives. Perhaps</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> euthanasia</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
will be presented as the patriotic or honorable thing to do. We are
truly entering into an age of barbarism and abandoning civilization.
- June 2018</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Social
Media or Vanity Media </B></FONT>With the development of the so
called smart phone, a new phenomenon of "social media" has
developed that caters to the vanity and inner ego of millions </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/socialmedia.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">It is now time to eliminate all
emergency Covid laws in the country. </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="3">Now
that we understand that the fear of a massive death rate due to
Covid was completely wrong</FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="3">..</FONT></FONT></I><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/covid.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Is it selfish for a woman to seek
a </FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="RED">career</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">
and also have children? </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/selfish.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Private ownership and strong
goals are on the decline.</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="3">
Grown men in their 30's still live in shared apartments, ride a
skateboard or a bicycle instead of owning their own home and car and </FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/privateownership.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Do
not watch TV! </FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">(or
listen to radio, movies or read </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">newspapers</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">!)</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
If you watch TV programs, you will be programmed! The purpose of the
news programs is not to inform but rather to </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/donotwatchtv.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><U><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Refugees
and citizenship</FONT></FONT></FONT></U><FONT COLOR="RED"><U><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">:</FONT></FONT></U></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Should
refugee's allegedly fleeing their home country be allowed to become
citizens of the countries that accepts them or should they only be
granted temporary sanctuary until their country of origin returns to normal?</FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/refugees.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
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<A HREF="news1_0006310.JPG"><IMG SRC="thm_news1_0006310.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="145" HEIGHT="108" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="thm_news1_0006310.jpg" BORDER="2" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Are
"Yoga" pants sexy or are they vulgar? </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Misinformation</B></FONT>
does not mean a lie, but rather is a way to undermine a different
perspective that is not in keeping with the pushed narrative. Thus
something that is described as "misinformation" may or many
not be true, but contradicts the official mainstream perspective or
undermines the direction of the mainstream agenda.</FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1">
Frank Didik, February 1, 2022</FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">A
reminder to </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">f</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">ellow
</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">c</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">itizens</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="1"><I> </I>When
you walk down the street, just remember that every person who you
pass by, regardless of their race or physical appearance, or if they
are rich or poor, has their own goals and aspirations, trials and
tribulations and each person must be treated with basic respect and
dignity. It is essential to individualize and not generalize. Each
group has their good and bad and one must not fall into the trap of
assuming that everyone in a particular group is the same or thinks
the same. Sometimes in our rush or arrogance, we forget these basic truths.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Smart
Cities</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
It is now making the rounds on the internet that Smart City stands
for S.M.A.R.T. which, according to some, stands for S. Surveillance,
M. Monitoring, A. Analysis, R. Reporting, T. Technology <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Fact
Checkers</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">So-called
"Fact Checkers" are merely a way to control the narrative
and should never be taken seriously. Fact Checkers always agree with
what the controlling party wants.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Global
Warming will greatly benefit society.</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
Many people have been led to believe that if the planet continues to
get warmer at the ever so pace that it has been warming for hundreds
of years, that somehow it is bad for society. The exact opposite is
true. Global warming will be wonderful for society. It will be far
greater areas will be able to be cultivated, leading to vastly more
food supplies. Global warming <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Male-Female
"Relationships"</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
For the past few years, I have heard more and more of people
referring to their girlfriend as their "partner" or that
they are in a "relationship". Traditionally, men and women
would "date". The purpose of "dating" was to find
a person that they would marry and stay with forever. Dating was not
necessarily exclusive. Exclusivity only came with marriage and it was
assumed that marriage was forever. Further, "dating"
couples <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">The
media influences everyone.</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
No one is smart enough or insightful enough not to be influenced by
the media. The media influences everyone. Those who controls the
media, also controls the views, opinions and desires of the
population at large.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">We
are free</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">
... </FONT>because we are told that we are free. Most people do not
really understand the meaning of true freedom.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">The
first thing that a child or even an adult learns</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
on any topic, is assumed to be true. After that, it is extremely
difficult to change that person opinion, even with overwhelming
evidence that the first thing that they heard was false. Changing
such a embedded opinion must be gradual, with the planting the seeds,
of the correct point of view and slowly over time, work to change
that opinion.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Constant
Smart Phone Use</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
Constant cell phone / smart phone use dramatically reduces creativity
and productivity. It acts as a constant distraction. Many, if not
most people, waste hours upon hours of time on these devices. I
recommend that a person leave their "smart" phone at home
and enjoy outside, electronic free and observe society for how it
really is.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">"The
Great Reset"</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">.
Most people consider the "Great Reset" something to do
with the World Economic Forum, Klauss Schaub and others who have
received much bad press recently. It should be pointed out that the
future is far less predictable than one might think and that the
"Great Reset" may well be in the opposite direction that
people might consider and may well happen to be a return to
traditional values and other unexpected directions. Such as happened
many times in the past. For example, 1638 to 1658 in England, after
20 years of <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Many
people are consumed by worry.</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Worry
holds a person back and prevents them from adequately thinking
things through. The media is a major source of worry, with its
constant <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
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<FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">We seem to be living in a fake world.</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="3">
Everywhere you go, you see people walking down the street, staring at
their cell phone, often with "ear buds", completely
oblivious to the outside world. ...</FONT><I><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/fakeworld.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="photo1.jpg"><IMG SRC="thm_photo1.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="154" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="A. M. Herring flying the worlds first powered airplane - according to the May 17, 1899 issue of the Horseless Age." BORDER="2" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Were
the Wright Brothers the wrong brothers?</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Was
A.M. Herring the first to fly in 1899 - four years before the Wright Brothers?</FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">...
</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/wrightbrothers.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">A</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">pril
Fools Day </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">How
did it start? <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/aprilfools.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Oligarchs:
</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">How
did the "oligarchs" of Russia, Ukraine and other former
Soviet Republics amass their vast wealth? <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oligarchs.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("698","451") --><IMG SRC="1956easter.jpeg" WIDTH="201" HEIGHT="130" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Easter celebrated
in Manhattan in 1956</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>EASTER:</B></FONT>
Though Easter is a Christian Holiday, celebrated by Christians
worldwide, perhaps non-Christians, including </FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">atheists</FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">,
should also celebrate this holiday. Why? Because by Jesus's
teachings, </FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Democracy</FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
became the norm for all governments worldwide.<FONT COLOR="BLACK"> <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/easter.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("669","468") --><IMG SRC="frank_didik_yachting.jpg" WIDTH="195" HEIGHT="136" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT></I><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Frank
X. Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Vision
Zero is without vision.</FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"> The New
York City program started under former Mayor DeBlasio was well
intended to to reduce pedestrian deaths from vehicles but has it
reduced accidents? </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Congestion
Pricing</B></FONT> favors the upper income people and will
significantly reduce local business, while pushing middle class
drivers to shop elsewhere that does not have this burdensome tax.
Ultimately this will work against the city.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><U><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Fossil
Fuels</FONT></FONT></FONT></U><FONT COLOR="RED"><U><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">:</FONT></FONT></U></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
So called "fossil fuels" are most likely, not from
fossils.It seems impossible that the so called "fossil
fuels" were ever created from plant life. </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/fossil_fuels.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Global
trade agreements</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">have
failed the United States and has destroyed the US standard of living </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/tradeagreements.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Socialism</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">,
excess government support </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">and
Communism </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">are</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">
not natural.</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"> <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#socialism" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>True
causes of the Ukraine-Russian War</B></FONT> </FONT><A HREF="http://news1.net#ukraine" TARGET="_blank"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Click
here</FONT></A></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Plastic
clothing?</FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"> Have you noticed that it
is getting more difficult to find clothing made with 100% cotton or
wool? </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Bicycle
Lanes</B></FONT> favors the young and healthy, while inconveniencing
older citizens, drivers and delivery trucks. Further, for the most
part, they are rarely utilized during the winter months... </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">People
are being slowly but surely, social engineered </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">The
education industry, journalism, the entertainment industry and even
the medical industry push social engineering that serves to influence
what people think, want, buy and how they see themselves.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">People
believe the first thing they hear </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">The
first thing a child or a person hears, on a topic that they are not
familiar with, the person will normally accept as fact. Later, if it
turns out that the information was wrong, it is extremely difficult
to change that persons mind to see the truth, regardless of the
amount of contrary evidence and proof presented. In the future, a
persons mind can be changed, but in almost all cases, the change will
be gradual. It is important that in school and at home, a child (and
an adult) be trained in critical thinking and not immediately accept
the narrative. Children must have adults make decisions for them.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Causes
of violent crime and property crime </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Is
violent crime and crime against property caused by poverty, lack of
education and public policy or is it a lack of good family training,
morality, lack of civics education in school and the media,
intelligence or is it the temperament of certain groups of people?
The media and schools should always and only present a positive view
on life and steer away from the bottom of society.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Self
defence</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
It is obvious that most cities and locals in the United States do not
want people to defend themselves from theft and attack and instead,
want the population to meekly submit to the criminals and later,
contact the police. If a citizen defends themselves, either through
hand fighting or with a weapon, such as a club, knife or gun, that
citizen will be charged by the jurisdiction, even if the criminal
entered into the home or business of the citizen. As one old saying
says, "The police are only minutes away, when seconds
count". This must change back to to past when a person was
allowed to defend themselves without fear of prosecution. The fact is
that armed citizens do stop and prevent crimes. Of course armed
citizens do pose a threat to governments, particularly when the
governments are not for the people at large, but only to particular
special interest groups. Strong, authoritarian governments never want
armed citizens. In those cases, the government (acting on behalf of
certain small interest groups) want to control everything.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">The
attention span of the public in the public eye.</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">The
attention span of the public is like a lightening bolt, it is so
quickly changed. This applies to all levels of basic, non essential
existence of the public including music, fashion's, fads, celebrities
of today, and <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">"Sustainable
development goals"</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Sustainable
development goals essentially lower the standards of living of all
people under the guise of the unproven notion of manmade climate
change. Unfortunately, the notion of the alleged climate
"crises" has been <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Propaganda</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">People
tend to believe the fist thing that they hear. It takes a huge
amount of information and a long time to convince a person of the
truth. For this reason, when a government anywhere tries to convince
a population<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>
To continue, click here and scroll down the page</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">This
website displays designs, projects, proposals and innovations</FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
by Frank Didik, but this site has also served to inspire people to
bring their ideas to fruition. All too often, people have great
dreams in high school and college but within a few years after
graduation, these ideas gradually become a distant memory. I
encourage everyone to do what ever you are good at and try to make
your dreams a reality. What people do today represents the future of
our great planet. Go out and do whatever you can do, to the best of
your ability.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Opinions
</FONT></B>It is important to have opinions, based on facts and
known information, but one also be willing to change their opinion as
new information is received.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Is
it wrong be </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">judgmental</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>?</B></FONT>
Further, should a person express unsolicited opinions to others? The
fact is that everyone </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/judgmental.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Should
we offer unsolicited advice?</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
We have often heard that giving unsolicited advice is wrong but </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/judgmental.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Is
everyone equal?</FONT></B> Certainly in the Christian world and by
extension, under the law, everyone is equal. However the fact that
everyone has the same intrinsic value mean that everyone is entitled
to the same? Should people who are more ambitious, or people who have
better ideas, benefit from their efforts? Societies that have
attempted to distribute wealth equally among all people have always
failed. People need an incentive to work hard and be productive.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Arrogance</FONT></B>
Over the past two years, a type of entitlement and <FONT COLOR="BLACK">Arrogance
</FONT>has developed <FONT COLOR="BLACK">among </FONT>the less
productive people who now seem to be demanding property and rights
that they have not earned through efforts of their own.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Child
neglect?</FONT></B> Is it a form of child neglect is a woman is
pushing a baby carriage and is also on her cell phone either speaking
or surfing the net? Should the woman instead be paying attention and
teaching the child? Children mostly learn through observation, rather
than from schools.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>A
Utopian society </B></FONT>It has been the dream of mankind since
the beginning to have a perfect society where everyone lives in peace
and harmony and where everybody's wants are fulfilled. Shangra La in
the book and movies "Lost Horizon" is an example. Today the
World Economic Forum is also pushing their version of Utopia. However
it is very unlikely that such a Utopia can ever exist, without the
merit system of people producing and benefiting from their efforts. A
"Garden of Eden" can not be recreated.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>War
against personal freedom?</B></FONT> It seems that many countries
have embarked on a program that limits personal freedom for the
alleged common good. For example, many cities around the world have
expanded bicycle lanes at the expense of limiting automobile lanes.
Of course an automobile implies both freedom of travel and overall
prosperity. The bicycle lanes tend to be an excuse since bicycle
lanes only benefit the young and fit people, mostly men under the age
of 40. The plan to eliminate gasoline powered cars and replce them
with electric cars is a fantasy since far fewer people will be able
to afford an electric car and the range and slow charging time of an
electric car prevents long road trips.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Climate
Change excuses</FONT></B>, by design or default are limiting
personal freedom of travel and preventing one to do as one pleases.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Schools
have become indoctrination centers </FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Compulsory
education was never meant to improve one's social status, though
that is how it is presented to the public. Originally, students wore
uniforms, similar to military uniforms, students learned obedience,
such as marching into the school, or raising their hand for
permission to </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/donotwatchtv.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Compulsory
Education since it started in the 1870's</FONT>.</FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
People today are told that </FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">compulsory</FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
education in grade schools and high schools are necessary for the
development of the child into a productive adult. Certainly school
has the potential to educate the student to learn to read, write,
mathematics, basic history, science, geography and perhaps civic
behavior. Though these important features are what the population at
large was told, masked another real reason for compulsory education. </FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Compulsory</FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
education started in the 1700's in Prussia when <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm" TARGET="_blank">To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Dating
today</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
Permanent dating without choosing one person and having a family is
today the norm. Often people live together in a farm of limbo or
suspended animation without any real plans for the future, children
or progress. Sometimes these "couples" will buy a pet dog
to give their love to.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Standard
of Living</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
Decline in the standard of living. People have been led to believe
that cars, natural gas, gasoline, basically all modern advancements
are bad and should be abandoned. <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm" TARGET="_blank">To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Sex
and violence in the media </FONT></B>The media, including
television, the movies and various lifelike video games constantly
display violence to the viewers. The various medias however, state
that such violence does not influence the viewers. Perhaps
advertisers, who spend fortunes every year advertising in the media,
should be notified that the media does not influence people and that
the advertisers are wasting their money.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">People
feel entitled</FONT></B> Unfortunately, many people in America have
a sense of entitlement regardless of their skill, drive, intelligence
or ability. This has led to unfounded jealousy of others and excuses
for not being able to achieve the same. These anti-society feelings
must end and must be controlled, if not at home as a child, at least
in schools and harmony must be encouraged in the media, rather than
constantly showing off the life styles of the small number of
financially wealthy or socially successful people.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Censorship</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
I am opposed to </FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">almost</FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
all forms of censorship. There are certain types of "speech"
that should indeed be banned. This includes all pornography, sex
stories that describe explicit sexual encounters, stories that
encourage any act or actions that one might define as contrary to
nature. What two consenting, without coercion or any psychological
force is to be tolerated, however publishing or telling or filming
such acts or encouraging others must be strictly forbidden.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Mass
Media vocabulary</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
When the word "education" is used in the media or when
governments promote a certain point of view and provide funds to
"educate the public", it normally means to attempt to
brainwash the public through propaganda and showing only one side of
the issue.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Reduced
intelligence levels and </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">separately</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>,
reduced </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">cognitive</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B> ability?</B></FONT>
It seems that with many forms of modern technology, such as the
cellular telephone/smart phone, which is really a window to the
knowledge of the world, people have stopped being innovative and
thinking for themselves and rather simply rely on their device. One
would have thought that the exact opposite would have occurred, but
it has not. Further, over the past three years, there seems to be a
mark decline in cognitive ability. Some say the the recently
developed Covid vaccination causes micro blood clots, but this has
yet to be proven. Something however is causing a decline in rapid
thinking and cognitive ability in the population.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Life
was easier in the middle ages, 1000 years ago? </FONT></B>Perhaps,
at least in Europe. First, farming is far less demanding than one
might think. In traditional farms, the work was primarily for a few
weeks during planting season and then for a few weeks during the
harvest. The rest of the time was rather easy. Further, a thousand
years ago in Europe, there were as many "Holy Days" (the
world "holiday" is a derivative of the "holy day")
as work days. Thus a working year was about 175 days, rather than
254 days that it is today. Further today, most jobs are 8 hours of
constant work in one spot, while 1000 years ago, work was not as
intense. As far as longevity, we know know that people 1000 years
ago, based on grave stones, lived about the same length as today,
that is between 75 and 80 years on average. Further, modern diseases
such as heart disease, diabetes or cancer, for example, was very rare.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">"Finding
truth on the internet, is like finding a diamond in a pile of broken glass"</FONT></B>.
Today there is so much conflicting and false information on the
internet that it is difficult to determine what is true and what is
false. Often each perspective presents <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/diamond.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>read
more</I></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Covid
has become political </FONT></B>Some say that alleged science is
being used to push a political agenda.</FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
Back in February of 2020, Covid 19 was presented as a deadly pandemic
that many said would kill off a sizable <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/endcovid.htm" TARGET="_blank"><I>read
more</I></A></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Fact
Checkers</B></FONT> "Fact Checkers" present an opinion
rather than absolute fact. </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Further,
who will fact check the fact checkers"? Recently<I> </I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/factcheckers.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Luxury
Apartments </B></FONT>The definition of luxury has changed
dramatically in recent years. Traditionally, the notion of luxury
doesn't start till a minimum of 9 rooms, Further, historically, a
studio apartment was on the top floor, with an angular northern
exposure window, so the artist would be able to paint with diffused
light. Real studios were considered only for the fringe or artistic
people, and was less expensive. Those studios usually were 25x70
feet. What is called a studio today, is a one rooms sleeping place
and in the past was only for someone starting out.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Are
people really living longer today, than in the past?</FONT> </FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2">Time
and time again, we are told that people today liver longer than in
the past, but is this true? It is not true. </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Smart
phone use dramatically reduces creativity and productivity</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
People waste hours upon hours of time on these devices, without
stopping to think for themselves or to look around and get new, real information.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Self
Sufficiency</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
America was founded on the concept of self sufficiency.
Unfortunately, since President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), some
members of the lower classes have come to depend on handouts and have
essentially become wards of the state. True freedom is only achieved
when a person is self sufficient. Of course certain things are best
handled by the state, such as the construction of roads, protection
of people and property, food and quality maintenance, basic civil
order actions and a few other societal rules to allow society to
operate smoothly.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">USA
is now a third world country?</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
The strength of a nation is its manufacturing capacity and
capability. Since 1978, the United States has deindustrialization and
is now similar to what used to be the definition of a third world
country. That is that the USA sends raw materials and food stuff to
more industrialized countries and after, those countries sends back
finished products.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Avoid
"start-ups"</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
Most so-called start up's are a waste of time and investment and are
doomed to failure. The majority of startups do not attempt to
manufacture or develop anything new, but instead make apps or
software, yet they refer to themselves as "technology"
companies. A true technology company produces physical products. Apps
and software are not the end but the means to service the end.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Facial
recognition</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
Global facial recognition technology and storing such data is a huge
infringement of privacy and ultimately freedom. It is a form of
branding, without the brand. Facial recognition technology should be
universally banned.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>FEDNOW
digital currency and payment system</B></FONT> Fednow is a newly,
partially introduced Central Bank Digital Currency also known as
CBDC. This means the elimination of cash and all purchases conducted
electronically through a phone, credit card or similar. All CBDC's
represents a complete elimination of privacy and freedom and can
easily evolve into a new form of <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm" TARGET="_blank">To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">People
want to be told what to do</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
It might be difficult to believe, but it seems that the majority of
people want to be told what to do and how to live. People want others
to do things for them. People are told what to buy, how to dress, how
to talk, how to live, what to eat, almost everything, buy the media
and other forms of social influencing areas.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Change</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Change
for the sake of change, is wrong. Change is only good if it improves
something or if it improves the existence of human kind.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Expand
what is in the public domain and sphere</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Expand
public service, even if the entity is privately owned. The United
States courts have ruled that the common space in shopping malls are
public space and a form of a new Town Square. It is now time that
search engines, credit card companies, banks, phone companies and
other similar entities must also be considered a form of a Town
Square. These entities must not be allowed to inhibit free speech or <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm" TARGET="_blank">To
continue, click here and scroll down the page</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">The
Effectiveness of VACCINES </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">If
vaccines work, why should the vaccinated worry about the
unvaccinated? Further, why should anyone, for any reason, be required
to be vaccinated? This applies to jobs, schools, audiences and all
other social and business areas.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3"><B>Covid/Corona
Virus</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">For
Frank Didik thoughts on the Corona Virus and it's effect on society
and the economy. </FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/coronarelated.htm" TARGET="_blank">Click
Here</A></FONT></B></FONT></FONT><BR>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Lockdowns
benefit large companies at the expense of small stores and
businesses </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><I>Frank
X. Didik December 16, 202</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">0</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">It
has become obvious that the lockdowns, imposed by most of the states
to control the spread of Covid-19, has clearly benefited large
companies, particularly on-line mega-companies, at the expense of
small, local businesses, that were forced to either close their doors
or greatly curtail their operations. It was estimated that these
small companies and stores represented about 60% of the economy. As a
result of the government imposed lockdowns, much of this bushiness
activity and wealth has been transferred, perhaps permanently, to the
on-line stores. This is rapidly creating a vastly different business
environment and potentially will reduce the ability of an individual
to start their own business in the future.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">One
World </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Government</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
The world seems to be headed towards a single, one world government,
with the notion of individual countries, cultures, customs and races,
gradually merging to form a new type of global citizen. This could
lead to greatly curtailed personal freedoms, such as the ability to
travel, own a car, own a private house, where to work, where to live
and even limit the potential to improve one's social </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oneworld.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">More
Random thoughts and speculaions by Frank X. Didik can be found <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/morespeculations.htm" TARGET="_blank"><B>here</B></A></FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
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<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">"Northern Eastern Circle"</FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">A fact finding
1,500 mile </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">road trip</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">
through rural north eastern USA. <A HREF="http://www.didik.com/northwoods" TARGET="_blank">Click
here</A> for details.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/northwoods" TARGET="_blank"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("400","358") --><IMG SRC="northerncirclemap.jpg" WIDTH="192" HEIGHT="172" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">"<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/southerncircle" TARGET="_blank"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Southern
Circle</FONT></A>"</FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">A fact finding
3,000 mile </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">road trip</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">
through the deep south. </FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/southerncircle" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">Click
here</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"> for details.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/southerncircle" TARGET="_blank"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("724","1132") --><IMG SRC="southerncircle.jpg" WIDTH="174" HEIGHT="272" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
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<P>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:spaceretainer() --> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="193" VALIGN=TOP>
<P>
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<P>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">A</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
$40 per hour</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"> m</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">inimum
wage?</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> <I>...Frank
X. Didik, September 22, 2021</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> In
1962, the average 35 year old working man was able to support a
wife, 3 or 4 children, own a house in the suburbs, have 2 cars and
had enough money to go on a vacation once or twice a year. Today, it
takes two highly educated people working to buy a small one or two
bedroom coop or condo, car ownership is rare and they can only afford
to have one or two children at best. To achieve what a man in 1962
made per week and to regain the standard of living of that time, the
minimum wage must be increased to $40 per hour. The gradual decline
over the past 60 years should be changed. Perhaps "shock
treatment" that was recommended to the former communist
countries in Eastern Europe by "experts" from leading
American Universities, should be the guide for this sudden increase
in the average (minimum) wage. Several things would happen. First,
people would initially spend much more money and this would almost
instantly create huge demand. At the same time, it is very possible
that prices would go up, though perhaps not as fast as one might
expect, since production efficiency is much greater today than in
1962. Finally, it might be necessary to implement trade barriers.
This of course would run counter to the direction of globalism.
Perhaps it is time to modify the notion of globalism and take into
account the different global cultures, work ethics and achievements.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="1">Remote
working, office space, the diminished need for employees </FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
X. Didik, January 1, 202</FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">1
</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">It
is fascinating to note that as a result of the government imposed
Covid-19 restrictions, that for a period of time, an estimated 30% of
the population was out of work, and yet the country did not
experience any long term shortages, in any area. One might say that
this is a wake-up call for companies to show them that they have too
many redundant employees. </FONT><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage8.htm#unemployable" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Does
constant mask wearing reduce cognitive ability?</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Studies
have shown that people inhale between 7% and 12% of their exhaled
breath, with an accumulation of carbon dioxide. Does this cause minor</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">cognitive</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
loss for the wearer over time? Further, over time, the masks quickly
become both moist as well as becomes a breading ground for bacteria.
Also, does the additional stress on the lungs to breath through a
filter effects the lungs? More studies must be performed to determine
if mask wearing causes biological issues as well as psychological
issues over time.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
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</TR>
</TABLE></P>
</DIV>
<P>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="1">
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00053.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00053.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00053.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00053.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00053.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00053.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00053.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00053.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("192","145") --><IMG SRC="DSC00053.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="138" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="DSC00053.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><FONT SIZE="3">Coming
Soon:</FONT></U></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2">Steam
Turbine Solar-Electric Sports Car.</FONT></P>
<CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE="6">INDEX</FONT></FONT><BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="2">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP><DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3">Electric
Vehicles</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><A HREF="didik_ev.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Solar,
Electric, Hybrid, Alternate Energy Vehicles</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ddk.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
the vehicles are designed</FONT></FONT></A></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="didik_ev.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("184","132") --><IMG SRC="image006.jpg" WIDTH="104" HEIGHT="75" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="didik_ev.htm">The
secret in designing and manufacturing a viable electric car.</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="ev_build.htm"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
to Build an Electric Car </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">(Smithsonian
Institute Talk)</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ev_hist.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Directory
and History of Electric Vehicles from 1834 to 2000 </FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">A
directory of all electric cars ever built.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_mu.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">DIDIK
Muscle Car</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="fdmc.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Foldable
Muscle Car</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_st.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Shooting Star</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="shark.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Sun Shark</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="dae.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Arctic Explorer</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="didik_ct.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Long Ranger</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="simp.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Simplicity</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="duplex.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Duplexity</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/dturtle.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Turtle</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="lightbike.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Worlds
lightest bike</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="dhv.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Hovercraf</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">t
- Realistic analysis of the pros and cons of the Hovercraft</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="people.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Human
Powered Bus</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="licev.htm"><FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Licensing
Information</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">for
Manufacturers and Resellers</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="dpr.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">PRESS
KITS covering DIDIK electric cars</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000BB"><A HREF="ev_cd2.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Electric
Vehicle CD-ROM</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.thehorselessage.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">The
Horseless Age</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
First Car Magazine in the USA, starting in 1895. Contains details on </FONT></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">every</FONT></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
early car. Fascinating.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Solar
Energy Research</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="ev_club.htm"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">The
Electric Car Owners Club</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">,
which is now known as the Electric Car Society, was founded by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<U><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="ev_reg.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Electric
Vehicle Registration Page</FONT></FONT></A></FONT></U><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="cit_his.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">History
of the CitiCar and CommutaCar</FONT></FONT></A></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oceanhome"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Didik
Ocean Home</FONT></A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP><DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="ev_build.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
to Build an Electric Ca</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">r(Smithsonian
Institute Talk)</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="driving2.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Driving
an Electric Vehicle</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="cit_part.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">CitiCar
and CommutaCar Parts List</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="ev_cd.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Electric
Vehicle CD-ROM</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="ev_hist.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Directory
and History of Electric Vehicles from 1834 to 2000</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="citicar.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Citicar
Catalog from 1975</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="citdiag.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">CitiCar
Wiring Diagrams</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="comuta.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">ComutaCar
Catalog and specifications from 1980</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>NEW!
</B>For the early automobile enthusiast</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.thehorselessage.com"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">The
Horseless Age</FONT></A></I></FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.thehorselessage.com"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("80","64") --><IMG SRC="horse1.jpg" WIDTH="86" HEIGHT="69" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">The
first car magazine printed from 1895 to 1918. Information on every
car built and every automotive development during this period.</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><BR>
<BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<I><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3">Design</FONT></FONT></FONT></B></I><BR>
<I><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Design,
Art, Film, Alternate Energy</FONT></FONT></FONT></B></I></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">www.design1.org</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Designs
by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Art</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Films</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Documentaries:</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org/chinafilm.htm"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">"Chinatown
in the Shadow"</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">"Secret
History of Japan"</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org/cv.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Resume</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org/art_stat.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Frank
Didik's Designer Statement</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Architecture</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.design1.org/artphoto.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Virtual
New York City and Tokyo</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/books/proposals.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Current
Book Projects</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.ExpandedGPS.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Expanded
GPS</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P>
</DIV>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hurricaneirene"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Hurricane
Irene</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Report
from, NYC</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Effects
of Hurricane Irene on New York City</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Aug
27-Aug 28, 2011</FONT></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Architecture</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Inflatable
structures and emergency isolation tents.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Positive
pressure, germ free emergency temporary medical bed.</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.bubblebunker.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Positive
pressure filtration tents.</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.design1.org/artphoto.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">"Fleeting
Moments"</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">This
art project includes a picture of every building in New York City,
photographed by Frank Didik To see thumbnails of many of the
photographs, also go to </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="http://www.NYCinPictures.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">NYCinPictures.com</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("219","331") --><IMG SRC="nysslens.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="145" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="nysslens.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Solar
and Renewable Energy Research section</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">SOLAR
and POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY. This section provides an overview of
solar energy research.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Click
here for the Main Power Technology Menu</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="sol200.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Direct
Solar-Electric Generation</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="p_plant.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Improved
Efficiency for Existing Power Plants</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">DIDIK
Power</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Technology
Systems</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="didik_ev.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Solar
Electric Vehicle Technology</FONT></FONT></A></P>
<CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
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<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3">Other</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></P>
</CENTER>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm">Trans-Global
Highway</A>.</FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> Frank Didik proposal for the
Trans-Global Highway</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="bubble.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">BubbleBunker.com</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
Portable, hermetically sealed , inflatable personal shelter. Personal
Home Shelters.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">World
Trade </FONT></I></A></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Center</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> Horror</FONT></I></A><I><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
A </FONT></I></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">first
hand, eye witness report of the World Trade Center Horror</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">,
as seen by Frank Didik on September 11, 2001</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("180","135") --><IMG SRC="thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="99" HEIGHT="73" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg" BORDER="2" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Design and build a
simple car top,</FONT><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm"><FONT SIZE="1">row
boat or motor boat</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"> in three days.</FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP><CENTER>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3">Real
Estate</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></P>
</CENTER><DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.w9g.com"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Click
here</FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> </FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK">for
Real Estate information products for brokers and investors.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="http://www.re1.org">Hawaii
Real Estate CD-Roms</A></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3">Stock
Photo</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B><BR>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">and
News Archive</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("384","288") --><IMG SRC="pt0087.jpg" WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="89" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Photographs
by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">:</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.NYCinPictures.com"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">New
York Photo Archive</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Asia
Photo Archive</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Historic
Asia (1850's-1920's)</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#007F7F"><A HREF="filmfoot.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Stock
Film Footage Database</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Celebrities</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">in
pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb/celeb3d.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Celebrities
in 3D Stereo</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/homefront"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Protest
marches</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Tropics</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">in
pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/didik_ev.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Electric
cars</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">in
pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Japan</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">in
pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/croatia"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Croatia</FONT></FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">
in pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/#wtc"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">World
Trade Center Archives</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">
in pictures photographed by Frank Didik during the 911 horror</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Alternative
Energy</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">in
pictures</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Tokyo1.org</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> -</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Japan
stock photo archive</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/default.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Tokyo1.org</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> (historic)</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Historic
Japanese and Asian photo archive section covering 1853-1923</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii/"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Hawaii
Stock Photo Archive</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("366","384") --><IMG SRC="pr05b.jpg" WIDTH="99" HEIGHT="104" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Frank
Didik Commercial and Editorial Photography</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Didik
photographs can be found in numerous magazines and publications</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
</DIV>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/hudson_river2010"><FONT SIZE="1">Nine
day sailing adventure</FONT></A></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="HaitiHousing.pdf"><FONT SIZE="1">Earthquake
Relief Housing Effort</FONT></A></FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP><DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/">NYCinPictures.com</A></FONT></FONT></B></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">A
photograph of every building in Manhattan. Photographed by Frank
Didik. Part of his virtual reality world project.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.News1.net"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">www.News1.net</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Stock
photo and video archive plus editorial and media content.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Stereo
3-D Pages</FONT></B></FONT></FONT></I></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><FONT COLOR="#FFFFE8"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">lenticular
software</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("176","177") --><IMG SRC="3db.jpg" WIDTH="82" HEIGHT="62" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
STEREO and THREE DIMENSIONAL (3-D) imaging including </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
printing and Vari-Vue. This section covers stereo photography,
stereographic cinematography and stereo (3-D) television.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
</P>
</DIV>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="d3d.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> Main
Stereo 3-D menu</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("384","292") --><IMG SRC="3dcd5.jpg" WIDTH="82" HEIGHT="62" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="3dcd.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> History
and Guide Book to Lenticular Technology cd-rom by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
2003 edition</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="vv_mas.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Mass
Production of Lenticular images for advertisers</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="price_3d.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Production
Price list</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">for
Lenticular Mass Production</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="vv_photo.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
Photography</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="vv_sup.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
Supplies including lenses for printers and photographers</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dtv.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> Early
3-D Television Systems from the 70's</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dlen.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
Technology</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="vv_his.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">A
brief history of VariVue Since 1936</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="3d_film.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Directory
of 3D (Stereo) films since 1922</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dlenb.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
Technology Book</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="pairs.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">How
to view stereo pairs (non-Lenticular)</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm">Experimenting</A></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Research,
Development and Experimenting.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("200","160") --><IMG SRC="thm_IM033248.jpg" ALIGN=TOP WIDTH="71" HEIGHT="57" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" ALT="thm_IM033248.jpg" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Charge a cell
phone with an orange? !</FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<A HREF="d3dl.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Lenticular
Licensing</FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="d3dl.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Information
for Manufacturers and Resellers</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="vvpress.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Press
Kits</FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">
for lenticular 3d</FONT></FONT><BR>
</P>
<DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<H3 ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="d3_reg.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">DIDIK
Stereo Registration Page</FONT></FONT></A></FONT><BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="SILVER" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">EASTERN
EUROPE</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B><BR>
<B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Business
Intelligence</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></H3>
</DIV>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="#00007F"><A HREF="http://www.easterneuropeanbusinessdirectory.com"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Eastern
European Business Directory by Frank X. Didik </FONT></FONT></A></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">This
business directory can be found in most libraries world wide and
required over one year of work, including numerous trips to Eastern
Europe. It was the key business book covering Eastern Europe in 1990
till 1992. Besides English, special regional editions of "Didik's
Directory of American Businesses" were published in German,
Czech and Polish. The primary purpose of all of these directories was
to assist the businessman to determine "who produces what".</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dcd.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Eastern
Europe Business Database CD-ROM by Frank Didik</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Covers
every factory in Eastern Europe and former USSR</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dcdee.htm"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Easter
and Central</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<A HREF="dcdee.htm"><FONT COLOR="#00007F"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">European
Business Directory</FONT></FONT></FONT></A><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dee.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Eastern
Europe Business Information </FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">This
section is primarily for larger companies, banks and government
agencies seeking information or technical assistance on various
industries and industrial sectors in Eastern Europe</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">.</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="drep.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Special
Industrial Reports</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Over
400 industrial sectors covered</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<A HREF="dbook.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Trade
Directories and Books</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Covering
Eastern Europe</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<U><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="ee_reg.htm"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">Eastern
Europe Registration Page</FONT></FONT></A></FONT></U></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP><DIV ALIGN=LEFT>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=TOP></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE><BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="29%" BGCOLOR="BLACK" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><I><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"><FONT SIZE="7"> DIDIK</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000">.COM</FONT></FONT></I></FONT><BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><A HREF="mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com"><FONT COLOR="YELLOW"><FONT SIZE="2">
inquiry [at] didik.com</FONT></FONT></A></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="59%" BGCOLOR="BLACK" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT>
<I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="3dcd.htm"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("176","177") --><IMG SRC="3db.jpg" WIDTH="84" HEIGHT="84" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></A></FONT></B></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><FONT COLOR="#FF8000"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("572","120") --><IMG SRC="ddkhd1.jpg" WIDTH="405" HEIGHT="84" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" USEMAP="#ddkhd1mp" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></I></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="750" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2" WIDTH="1%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">|
</FONT></FONT><A HREF="didik_ev.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Electric
Vehicles</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="dd_ppmen.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Solar
Energy</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="ev_club.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Electric
Car Owners Society</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">
| <A HREF="d3d.htm">Stereo 3D Lenticular</A> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="dee.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">E.Europe</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">
| <A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/">NYC in Pictures</A> | <A HREF="http://www.Tokyo1.org">Japan
Stock Photo Archive</A> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="nyc.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Real
Estate</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | <A HREF="http://www.design1.org">Art</A>
| <A HREF="http://www.design1.org">Films</A> | <A HREF="http://www.nycinpictures.com/">Stock
Photo's</A>| | <A HREF="http://www.re1.org">Hawaii Real Estate CD-Rom</A>
| </FONT></FONT><A HREF="bubble.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Personal
Home Shelters</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="sponsors.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Sponsorship
Opportunities</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="/highway/default.htm">Trans-Global
Highway</A></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> | </FONT></FONT><A HREF="pr.htm"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">Trade
Shows and Press</FONT></FONT></A><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">
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<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="2"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("600","450") --><IMG SRC="fxd2023b.jpg" WIDTH="183" HEIGHT="137" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1">Frank
X. Didik in Central Park, Manhattan, New York City, on April 11, 2023</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Thoughts
by</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
Didik</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="2">Random
thoughts on science, business and society today.</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="2">What
if and what can or might be.</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"> Napoleon is supposed to have
said "History is a lie agreed upon".</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
I say that these days,</FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"> "science is a
lie agreed upon"</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">.
So much of alleged science today is complete nonsense. The
definition of science is the ability to test and retest and always
get the same results. Anything else is mere speculation or philosophy.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><!-- $MVD$:picsz("800","589") --><IMG SRC="gravity_nasa.jpg" WIDTH="142" HEIGHT="105" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>What
is the speed of gravity? If it is instantaneous, then what if
gravity can be modulated? </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Today
most scientists, assume that the speed of gravity is the same as the
speed of light, but what if the speed of gravity is instantaneous?
Further, if gravity can be modulated, it might allow for
instantaneous universal communication. Thus it might be possible to
communicate with space craft instantly, rather than waiting for
minutes for transmissions to reach the craft or earth. Perhaps
computer chips can be made to operate vastly faster. And this is just
the beginning since </FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">..</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/gravity.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ..</FONT></I></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2">What
if the decay rate of elements varies rather than being a constant? </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Imagine,
if this is the case, it would mean that all archeological dating is
in question. How old are artifacts? When in fact did the dinosaurs
really die out? Further, consider that </FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">...
</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/decayrate.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("480","640") --><IMG SRC="frank_didik_boat.jpg" WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="251" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Frank X. Didik aboard</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">"The Futurist" in New
York Harbor.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Evolution
of American English Accents</FONT></B> I have noticed that accents
evolve very quickly. If you were to watch a movie from the 1930's,
1940's or any other time, you will notice that people from each
period have distinct accents. Recently, I have noticed that first
generation Americans, who perhaps grew up in bilingual families, for
example Polish or Chinese families, have a distinct, new American
accent. I presume that over time, everyone's accent will be
significantly different in years to come.</FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1">
Frank Didik, February 1, 2022</FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("200","300") --><IMG SRC="thinker.jpg" WIDTH="79" HEIGHT="119" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Reason,
Logic and intellect is not reliable.</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
The late Christopher Hitchens often stated that we should rely on our
logic, reason and intellect to determine the truth. Many people who
pride themselves as educated, intelligent and progressive believe the
same. As reasonable as this seems, Galileo proved over 400 years ago
that our logic, reason and intellect is unreliable and that only
direct experimental data, should be relied upon. Galileo had dropped
two balls of the same material, but different masses, from the
Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that they would hit the ground
at the same time, rather than the heavier ball hitting the ground
first, as almost everyone, including Aristotle, 2000 years ago, had
assumed. Our logic, reason and intellect is not reliable and should
only be viewed as speculation. Only direct experimentation and
obtaining the same results, over and over again should be relied upon.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="1"><I><!-- $MVD$:picsz("300","291") --><IMG SRC="vortex.jpg" WIDTH="84" HEIGHT="81" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">What
if time varies along with all things, rather than being a constant?</FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></B><FONT SIZE="1">Consider
that<I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">...</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/time.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Can
the speed of light vary, even if traveling under the same
conditions, or in other words, is the speed of light really a
constant? </FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">According
to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is a constant
but </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><B><FONT SIZE="2">.</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/lightspeed.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/lightspeed.htm" TARGET="_blank"> </A>...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("542","423") --><IMG SRC="sd1956firebird.jpg" WIDTH="202" HEIGHT="157" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">The
1956 Firebird </FONT></I></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">was
to be self driving.</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Self
Driving Cars? </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">If
you have an accident with a self driving car, who is at fault? The
car manufacturer, the owner of the car or the occupant
"driver" of the car? </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">I
have enjoyed owning and driving some of the most interesting cars
made and have always enjoyed the freedom of driving without
impediments or restrictions. Nevertheless, if self driving </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">.</FONT></FONT><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1">..</FONT></FONT></I><U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/selfdrivingcars.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></I></U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"> ...</FONT></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("672","504") --><IMG SRC="bikesf2016.jpg" WIDTH="89" HEIGHT="67" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"> <!-- $MVD$:picsz("350","240") --><IMG SRC="futurespace2.jpg" WIDTH="98" HEIGHT="67" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Bicycles?
What ever happened to jet packs, flying cars and advanced technology
that in the past, was predicted that we would be using by today?</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Why
are bicycles being pushed by cities world wide?.</FONT><I><FONT COLOR="RED">..</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/jetpacks.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="RED"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>Question:
</B></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Do bicycles and
skate boards represent a more environmentally friendly world or does
it indicate a decline in the standard of living? I ride my bicycle
about 10 miles every day, but only a small percentage of the
population benefit from bike lanes, mostly men under the age of 50.
Further, most people ride bikes in warm, favorable weather and rarely
in the rain, snow or cold weather.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>Old
Computer Formats and the longevity of our digitally stored
knowledge. </B></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Are
we entering into a "pre-history" era? How can we preserve
our computer written records, books, photographs, video and
knowledge? </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">If you
wanted to, would you be able to read a:</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<UL>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">3
1/2" or 5 1/4" or 8" floppy?</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">cd-rom
or a dvd?</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">12"
optical disk?</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">9
track tape?</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">IBM
punch card?</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Paper
punch tape?</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
</UL>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">If
you can not read these one or two generation old formats today, how
will society be able to read these documents in 200 years from now? I
doubt that the current line up of formats, such as SD cards, USB
drives or others, will be easy to read in 15 years. The longevity of
computer/digital storage before major failure is also an issue </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">.</FONT></FONT><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1">..</FONT></FONT></I><U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/oldformats.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></I></U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"> ...</FONT></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<!-- $MVD$:picsz("419","265") --><IMG SRC="twh027.jpg" WIDTH="202" HEIGHT="128" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"><BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">There
is an alternative to population control. </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Restricting
and discouraging the formation of families in order to stabilize or
reduce population infringes on the freedom and rights of every human.
There is another much better approach</FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">.</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">.</FONT></FONT></I><U><I><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/populationcontrol.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></I></U><I><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/populationcontrol.htm" TARGET="_blank"> </A>...</FONT></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Cell
Phone Etiquette</FONT></FONT></U></FONT></A></B><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2">Advice for the modern person </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="2">-
December </FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="2">9,
2016</FONT></I><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><B>Time
to rethink bike lanes</B></U></FONT></FONT> Advice for bicyle based cities</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="2">- </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">August
3</FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="2">,
2016</FONT></I><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Questioning
the results of modern science. </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">For
the last 100 years, we have been experiencing the collapse of real
science. Theories, speculation and fantasy is the norm today. By
definition, the scientific method is the ability to test and re-test
and always get the same results, over and over. If an idea or a
theory can not be tested, the idea must be viewed as speculation and
not considered true, till that idea is proven without a doubt.
Scientific theory has moved to areas that are beyond our present
capability of testing and gradually a number of unproven theories
have become accepted as fact without any real proof. Further, new
theories have been developed based on old theories. Thus we have a
situation where science today is largely based on theory upon theory.
If something can not be proven, it falls into the realm of philosophy
rather than science. This has led to</FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">..</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/realscience.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>Science
and media hype:</B> </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Any
sudden "revolutionary" scientific discovery, even if such
discovery is written about in every newspaper and scientific journal,
should be greeted with skepticism. Such a discovery should only be
accepted after the bulk of scientists have have had a chance to
review the discovery and confirm that it is in fact correct. Such
things that come to mind include cold fusion, the so called "God
Particle" and even the recent stated discovery of a
"gravitational wave". All too often such media hype has
come and gone without any real discovery or fundamental change. </FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/mediahype.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/mediahype.htm" TARGET="_blank"> </A>...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">What
percentage of information, contained in science books is accurate
and true? Are we in a post science period?</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></B></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Many
science books today present </FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE">..</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE">.</FONT></I></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/realscience.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></U><FONT SIZE="1"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"> ...</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">It
is time to retest scientific properties. Verify results. </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">I
suggest that the properties of all materials be re-tested using
modern technology and certify the results. Melting and boiling
points, conductivity, hardness, and all physical properties of
materials should be re-tested </FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">..</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1">.</FONT></FONT></I><U><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/retest.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></I></U><I><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><FONT SIZE="1"> ...</FONT></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Honesty
and </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">integrity</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
in sc</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">ientific
research </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>is
essential </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">in
order to</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
advance our </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">knowledge
base</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>.</B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">When
a scientist has worked for years to prove a particular theory and
finds out that their work has been in vain, it is difficult to admit
that their original assumptions were wrong. Still it is vitally
important </FONT></FONT><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1">..</FONT></FONT></I><U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/honestscience.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></I></U><I><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="1"> ...</FONT></FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Collapse
in the standard of living</B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> I believe
that the standard of living in the United States was highest in the
early 1960's. In 1962, the average 35 year old working man was able
to support a wife, 3 or 4 children, own a house in the suburbs, have
2 cars and had enough money to go on a vacation once or twice a year.
Today, it takes two highly educated people working to buy a small one
or two bedroom coop or condo, car ownership is rare and they can only
afford to have one or two children at best.</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/tradeagreements.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">The
need for a</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">
$40 per hour</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"> m</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">inimum
wage?</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/minimumwage.htm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Automation
and robotics will help return businesses to the United States.</B></FONT>
With new automation and robotics, which requires less employees, it
is now possible for most American Based companies to return
manufacturing to the United States, with the benefit of lower
production costs, lower shipping costs and a safer business climate,
when compared with outsourced manufacturing. <I><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">-February
14, 2018</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Internet
free speech and censorship</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLUE"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage8.htm#freespeech" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>The
Downside of Robotics </B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Robotics will
bring about a fundamental change in society. Millions of jobs will be
lost, but only a few, high end jobs will be created. Most former
employees will not be employable in this new environment. The same
occurred in England in the early 1800's with the industrial
revolution. High end weaving jobs were lost after the introduction of
high speed looms. Another example is the computer revolution from the
late 1960's till the mid 1980's and on till today eliminated the need
for thousands of office clerks.</FONT><I><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"> - May
5, 2019</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:spaceretainer() --> <BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="3">Frank
Didik's</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Thoughts
on how the world will change in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"> future</FONT></FONT></B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"> No one
really knows what the future will be like and rarely have predictions
made in the past, become a reality in the same way that it was
predicted. Nevertheless, certain generalities of what might happen,
can be foreseen based on what is happening today</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">1. In the future,
robotics will change society and millions will lose their jobs ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">2. In the future,
robotic friends, including intimate friends will prevail ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">3. In the future,
dating and marriage may greatly decline </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">4. In the future,
populations may drastically decline </FONT></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">...</FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">5. In the future,
pet ownership will decline </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">6. In the future,
natural child birth may decline </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">7. In the future,
Licenses may be required to have children ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">8. In the future,
virtual living will take precedence to real life </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">9. In the future,
aroma, heat, wind, moisture and taste will all be recorded </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">10. In the future,
wealth will be concentrated among a tiny group of people </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">11. In the future,
technological advancement may slow down ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">12. In the future,
planets will not be colonized </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">13. In the future,
people will travel less in the future ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">14. In the future,
transportation networks will gradually be reduced ..</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">15. In the future,
there will be a Loss of optimism for their future ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">16. In the future,
people will rarely interact, face to face ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">17. In the future,
microscopic robotic "bacteria" will be injected into the
body to cure diseases and repair or remove internal body issues ..</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">18. In the future,
robots will perform medical procedures including surgery</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1"> more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">19. In the future,
doctors will be able to operate from anywhere on the planet ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">20. Radically
changed moral values and decline in human dignity awaits us in the
future ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">21. In the future,
society may gradually fall into a stagnant, non advancing epic ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">22. Future crises
in Human Dignity ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">23. In the future,
medicines will be specifically designed for the individual ...</FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">24. In the future,
robots will do most factory work and manual labor, including farming
and cooking, as well as the jobs of professionals such as doctors and
accounting, just to mention a few chores and will cause the loss of
millions of jobs and make large populations unnecessary .. </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1">---Predictions
for the future by Frank X. Didik, </FONT></FONT></I></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F"><FONT SIZE="1">December
2, 2016</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>BITCOIN:</B></FONT>
Bitcoins are backed by nothing more than the gullibility and wishful
thinking of the Bitcoin holder.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">I believe that the
Bitcoin rise in value is akin to the Dutch Tulip craze in the early
1600's and that a massive decline in value is imminent.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Foreign
manufactured products versus American manufactured products:</FONT></B>
American's will never buy an American made product if the same or
similar foreign products is sold at a lower price. This means that
manufacturing jobs will never return to the United States, unless
there is an import tax, however import taxes will violate most of
America's NAFTA and GAT treaties. Any talk of manufacturing jobs
returning to America without import taxes is simply idle banter.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">The
Safety of Plastics.</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
Over the past 30 years, there has been a massive increase in the
number of human ailments such as Alzheimer's, breast cancer, prostate
cancer, autism, declining fertility, and other ailments. Some people
say that the cause is actually better diagnosis, while others blame
processed foods, GMO foods, pesticides, wifi, cell phones,
vaccinations and other outside influences. During this period, there
has been a rapid increase of various plastic packaging for food,
water and even clothing made out of polyester and other plastics,
with a decline in 100% natural fibers such as cotton and wool.
Studies should be conducted regarding the safety of these new
materials, as well as the fabric dyes and determine if such chemicals
can be absorbed by the skin and if they have any type of long range
human effect. </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><I><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">-February
14, 2018</FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Cell
Phone Etiquette</FONT></FONT></U></FONT></A></B><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2">Advice for the modern person </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="2">-
December </FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="2">9,
2016</FONT></I><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<!-- $MVD$:spaceretainer() --> <BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><U><B>Time
to rethink bike lanes</B></U></FONT></FONT> Advice for bicyle based
cities </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="2">- </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">August
3</FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="2">,
2016</FONT></I><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>The
</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">common
phrase, </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>"It's
all good" ... is all wrong.</B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> All
is not good. There is an absolute right and an absolute wrong and
this is not culturally or time dependent. If you see someone going
down the wrong path in life, it is essential that you vocalize your
concerns and offer to help that individual. I am a moral absolutist
and not a moral relativist.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">Producing
the very best and most effective TV commercials</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">
The single purpose of a television commercial is to sell the product
or service. The fact that an advertisement might be interesting,
funny, informative or well produced is secondary to the main purpose,
which is to sell the product or service. One should never leave the
creation of the television commercial to the television producer or
the video editor. </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#tvcommercials" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">Building
the most effective business websites</FONT> </FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Never
let a "web designer" develop the website for you. A web
designer should be produce the website under the supervision of an on
line marketing master, usually working with </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#websites" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<!-- $MVD$:spaceretainer() --> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="11" BGCOLOR="#007F7F" VALIGN=TOP></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="WHITE" VALIGN=TOP>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("2048","1536") --><IMG SRC="formalevent.jpg" WIDTH="197" HEIGHT="148" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="1"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco">From the right,
Frank Didik, Dr. Eric Bitterman, Chairman of Deutsche Welle, Dr.
Joachim Reppmann, and publisher Walter at the Von Steuben formal
event in New York City. Though Frank Didik does not have any German
background, he enjoys the inginuety and drive of the German people.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="2"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("768","576") --><IMG SRC="Jan2014_0593.JPG" WIDTH="189" HEIGHT="142" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Subway
Safety-Subway Gate</B></FONT> <FONT COLOR="RED">Subway Safety Barriers:</FONT>
Every year hundreds of people are killed or severely injured when
they fall onto the tracks of trains and subways. The prevention is
cost efficient and greatly reduces liability</FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/subway/subwaygate.htm#college" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><!-- $MVD$:picsz("768","576") --><IMG SRC="Jan2014_1807.JPG" WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="141" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></B></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Greatly
reduce train noise </B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK">A significant
amount of train noise is caused by the train wheels rolling over the
expansion joint of the tracks. This vibration creates noise,
vibrations, an less pleasant ride and also reduces the life cycle of
the train. The solution is relatively simple and cost effective</FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/subway/quiettracks.htm#college" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("600","400") --><IMG SRC="Frank_Didik__Mayor_DeBlasio.jpg" WIDTH="190" HEIGHT="127" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Frank
X. Didik with former NYC Mayor Bill DeBlasio and first lady Chirlane
McCray, at Gracy Mansion in Manhattan.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Digital
Currency will represent a loss of freedom and privacy. </B></FONT>Digital
Currency will mean the total control of your money by the
government. Thus what you (are permitted to) buy will be under the
complete control of the government. Further, everything you do and
buy will be known to the government and anyone who has access to this
information. Thus everything that you buy or sell or are permitted to
buy or sell will be known and potentially controlled.</FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1">
-April 11, 2023</FONT></I></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">The
power and effect of interest. </FONT></B>Many people do not
understand the true cost and effect of interest over time. For
example, if you put $10 in a bank account you will have the following
after 100 years:</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#00007F">At
3% interest, compounded yearly: $192.19</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#00007F">At
6% interest compounded yearly: $3,393.02</FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="#00007F">At
8% interest compounded yearly: $21,997.61</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">As you see,
doubling the interest rate, vastly increases the amount you either
get from interest or have to pay in interest. This is why when the
central bank increases interest rates, it matters so much and can
have such a massive effect in the economy or commerce. </FONT><I><FONT SIZE="1">-April
1</FONT></I></FONT><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">2</FONT></FONT></I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><I><FONT SIZE="1">,
2023</FONT></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>The
playgrounds are empty </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">but</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
the dog runs are full.</B></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
No children, only dogs.</FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">I
have noticed that in New York City, the playgrounds are empty but
the dog runs are full. People are no longer getting married, and
having families. Where will this all lead to? When I was a child
growing up in NYC, there were children everywhere and the stores
catered to families, rather than individual single people. The best
boutiques along Madison Avenue on Manhattan's upper east side, always
had play areas for the children, so that the children could play,
while the mothers shopped. We children knew which stores had the best
toys and demanded to go to those stores, which in most cases, were
the most expensive stores!</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"> A sizable
portion of the population are no longer getting married and forming
families, but </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#playgrounds" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="2">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">It
is essential to maintain law and order in </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">New
York City</FONT></FONT> </FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">There
has been a type of collapse of law and order in NYC. Shoplifting is
rampant, with little chance of punishment, even if caught.
Shoplifting is so prevalent that some stores have simply closed their
businesses. Unfortunately, the recent state law that removes the bail
requirement for many smaller crimes has given the green light to
criminals to continue their criminality.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">Besides the
shoplifting and new bail rules, New York City has become like the
wild west when it comes to motorcycles. Today, very few motorcycles
seem to even have license plates, which means that they are probably
uninsured, unlicensed, and unqualified to even be riding. Further the
motorcycles rarely obey traffic laws and almost always go through red
lights, ride on the sidewalk or ride the wrong way down one way
streets. In the past, Police commissioner Bratton and others
maintained that by enforcing smaller regulations, the larger laws
also benefit.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">We must have
reasonable police enforcement in New York City and certainly let us
not even consider reducing funding to the NYPD. Let the NYPD do their job.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="2"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("1440","1141") --><IMG SRC="didikboat2.jpg" WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="143" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">The
term "White </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Privilege</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">"
is a racist term, on the same level as the "N" word</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
and only serves to create racial tension, towards whites. Needless to
say, there are both poor and wealthy whites. All people should be
treated with respect, regardless of their race or physical
appearance. It is essential to individualize, rather then judge an
entire group of people, as though they are all the same. The
derogatory term of "White Privilege" should never be used
by politicians, in the press or used in schools and the term should
be allowed to die out.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Down
</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Syndrome</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">.
</FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Did you know
that there are some people with Down Syndrome who are geniuses? </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#down" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Natural
Gas</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2"> substitutes</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("2592","1944") --><IMG SRC="seatlewoodsmokefactory.jpg" WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="141" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Before 1947 in the
USA and late 1960's in Europe, countries used first wood gas and then
later coal gas, as this plant in Seatle, Washington prouced till the
mid 1950's </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Natural
Gas. </FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Europe and
many other countries around the world are concerned about shortages
of natural gas </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2">but there are many
substitutes for <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("1200","900") --><IMG SRC="smokepowercar.jpg" WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="141" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1">Wood gas was also
used to power cars, trucks and buses when gasoline was not available
in Europe and Japan during World War 2. </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas" TARGET="_blank"><FONT SIZE="1">read
more</FONT></A></I></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Bike
</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">Registration</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"> </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">Though
I am a strong believer that less government is best government, the
time has come to register and insure bicycles and to make sure that
bicyclist obey traffic rules. This is particularly necessary in
crowded urban areas. With the proliferation of bicycles, more and
more accidents and related injuries are occurring to both the cyclist
as well as pedestrians. A basic form of a license plate for bicycles
as well as liability insurance is clearly necessary.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="3"><!-- $MVD$:picsz("864","648") --><IMG SRC="news1_0006526.JPG" WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="141" VSPACE="0" HSPACE="0" BORDER="0" LOOP="0"></FONT></FONT><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Can
a draw bridge be an example of true </FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">democracy</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">?</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"> <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#drawbridge" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Fads
come and go. </FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2">Today,the fad is </FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2">clown
colored hair, body graffiti, extensive facial shrapnel and torn jeans</FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2">,
ultra tight "yoga pants" <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#fads" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">The
"Frank Didik" penny theory </FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">to
analyze the state of the economy </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#penny" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Either
</FONT></FONT></B></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">g</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">old
is over valued or silver is under valued</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">,
based on historic ratio's </FONT><I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#gold" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Libraries
have lost their purpose.</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"> <I><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#library" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></I></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Massive
surpluses in society</FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
Industry has produced massive surpluses Since the start of the
Industrial Revolution, 230 years ago, society has gradually managed
to ever increase productivity and surpluses. Today, these surpluses
are so great that I estimate that only 20% of the population can
support themselves and the rest of the population. This assumption
was proven essentially correct with the Covid/Corona lockdowns when
it was estimated that over 50% of the population was not working and
yet society did not experience any shortages in any area. Further,
with the robotic and artificial intelligence revolution just around
the corner, even greater surpluses will be achieved and even less
workers/employees will be needed. This leads to the question of how
to deal with the vast number of people who's work will no longer be
needed? If the present monetary system continues, perhaps a basic,
livable income will necessary, though in general, I am not in favor
of the idea, since I have always felt that everyone should be
required to carry their own weight in society and further, give back
to society. There are some who feel that the population should be
reduced by discouraging the formation of families, encouraging single
life, birth control, abortion, same sex unions encouraging latter age
marriage and other methods. Most non-retail businesses can easily
survive with less than 50% of their work force.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Wh</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">ere
have all the insects and birds gone?</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="1"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
Just a few years ago, when I would drive in the country, my
windshield would be covered with insects that had hit the car. This
simply does not happen anymore. Has the insect population somehow
died out? No one seems to talk about this. Has insecticides or
plastics or radio transmissions somehow effected them? Further, I
have noticed a large drop in the number of birds that we have in the
cities as well as in the countryside. It seems that we are headed
towards, a silent spring.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><I>Frank
Didik's </I></FONT></FONT></FONT><I><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">opinion</FONT></FONT></FONT></I><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica"><U><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">On
Education</FONT></FONT></U></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="#7F7F7F">Rethinking
school and our education system</FONT></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Should
everyone attend college or university?</B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>
... </I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#college" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>W</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">isdom</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>:</B></FONT>
I believe that wisdom can not be taught, but rather wisdom is a
unique gift of understanding that a person is born with.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>Can
</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">a
college or a university</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
really teach a person to be a </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">businessman</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
or an artist or good in any particular field?</B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> <I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#creative" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">How
come all college undergraduate degree's</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">
require four year</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">s</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">?
</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Should some degrees require only one
year while others perhaps six years?</FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"> </FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#fouryears" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED">Weak
Students</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">:</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK">
I have long believed that in a classroom environment, the weak
student holds the better students back. The idea of putting a weak
student with better students is a disservice to both the weak as well
as the better students. It should also be recognized that not all
people have the same ability and potential in every field. Two
individuals completing the same university program and having the
same grades and degree, does not make them equal in ability and
potential. Students should not be told that they can succeed at
anything that they try to do.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">What
courses should and should not be taught at college or university? </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Can
college or a university teach a person how to be a good business
person, or how to be creative? </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#nocollege" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Teaching:</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT>I
feel that it is not possible to teach a person to be creative or a
good businessman and the same applies to many other fields. You can
only expose that person to what has already been done and the current
understanding of the tools and materials of the trade and perhaps
with this understanding, the student can expand upon this knowledge.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Learning:</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT>My
view is that almost all learning is through observation and
questioning. This underscores the importance of parents to teach
their children and expose their children to the parents daily lives.
In today's society, most parents are forced to work and thus the
child has only limited exposure to the richness of the parents
understanding of things. I would also argue that when a parent is
walking with a child, that the parent should not be using their cell
phone or texting and instead be devoting their full attention to the
child. Schools, as they exist today, have a limited ability to truly
train/educate a student and most of what is taught to the student is
repeated over and over with little practical use for the student
after graduation. So many students today study for years and yet
after graduation, never use what they have learned or what they have
learned is of little relevance to their lives.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>The
playgrounds are empty </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED">but</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B>
the dog runs are full.</B></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"> </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">No
children, only dogs.</FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">I</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">
have noticed that in New York City, the playgrounds are empty but the
dog runs are full. People are no longer getting married, and having
families. Where will this all lead to? </FONT><FONT SIZE="1">When I
was a child growing up in NYC, there were children everywhere and the
stores catered to families, rather than individual single people. The
best boutiques along Madison Avenue on Manhattan's upper east side,
always had play areas for the children, so that the children could
play, while the mothers shopped. We children knew which stores had
the best toys and demanded to go to those stores, which in most
cases, were the most expensive stores!</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Wh</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2">ere
have all the twenty something year olds gone?</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Strolling
down fashionable Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City recently,
it struck me how the average age of the crowded streets seems older
than in the past. I would guess that the average age of the people I
saw was around 35 years old. Twenty years ago, the average age would
have been probably around 25 years old. Why? I will further guess
that the answer is that many people are postponing marriage and
having far fewer children. Perhaps the high student debt or perhaps
women seeking careers over family or perhaps the hook-up culture is
the culprit. Regardless, this does not bode well for the future and
increasing family commitments is a must for a healthy society. ---
Feb 11, 2019</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">The
aging population is a sad, worldwide industrial nation phenomenon.</FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
I am in Tokyo for a few days and have been here many times before. In
2002, I would guess that the average age on the street was about 24
years old. Today, I would guess the average age is about 35 years
old. --- Feb 26, 2019</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B><FONT SIZE="2">Immigration:</FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">
Almost all countries consider what perspective immigrants can do for
their country and if those immigrants will contribute or be a burden
on their society and also evaluate if the potential immigrant will
blend in with their existing culture. Perhaps the United States
should take the same approach. ---Feb 11, 2019</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED"><FONT SIZE="2">Life
forever?</FONT></FONT></B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"> It is
interesting that life never really dies in that life continues,
uninterrupted with the offspring. Science has never observed life
emerging from minerals or non living elements. ---Feb 11, 2019</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Investing
in Startups. Good idea or bad? </FONT></B></FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">Is
investing in a Startup, that has never proven itself in the market
place, a good idea or a waste of money (and talent)? </FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="1">Historically,
investors invested in companies that were swamped with orders and
making money, but needed additional money to</FONT><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#startup" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><B><FONT COLOR="RED">Most
efficient brain-storming method </FONT></B></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="1">and
how to make morning office meetings more productive and interesting </FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I>...
</I></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I><FONT SIZE="1"><A HREF="http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#brainstorm" TARGET="_blank">read
more</A></FONT></I></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><I> ...</I></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica">Good
Citizenship</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="RED"><B> </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE="2"><B><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT FACE="Arial Black,Arial,Helvetica">and
respect for our fellow human beings.</FONT></FONT></B></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>I</B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2">mportant</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><FONT SIZE="2"><B>
quotes from my friends from around the world, that I completely agree
with and I am sure that most people would as well:</B></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><B>"Do
not generalize, but rather individualize."<I> </I></B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">--</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Daniela
D. in Germany, who works for the German diplomatic Chancellery.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><B>"Never
get angry with anyone. Who knows, perhaps one day that person will
save the world!" </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">--</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Yuka
S., who works for Aoyama University in Tokyo (and Kanagawa).</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>
<FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><B>"It
is important to always remember </B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">that</FONT></FONT></FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK"><B>
every person you encounter has their own goals and aspirations,
trails and tribulations and deserves equal respect."<I> </I></B></FONT></FONT></FONT><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">--</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Monaco"><FONT SIZE="2"><FONT COLOR="BLACK">Sue
Ann M. in Durham, North Carolina.</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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DIDIK Design. Thoughts, designs, proposals and projects by
Frank Didik including thoughts on science, business and society
today. Frank X. Didik has often been described as a polymath.
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**DIDIK**.com
DIDIK®
is a registered trademark
**Contact** **Frank
Didik at:**
inquiry
[at] didik.com
(New
York City, USA) |
**Designs,
Projects, Proposals and Innovations by Frank Didik**
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
dhv.jpg |
|
simp1.jpg |
ssmus1.jpg |
didik_mu.jpg |
**[Trans-Global
Highway](/highway/default.htm) | [Inflatable
Structures and Shelters](/bubble) |** **[Frank
Didik thoughts](http://www.FrankDidik.com) |** **[Designing
Electric Vehicles](didik_ev.htm) [|
Solar Energy](sol200.htm) | [Electric
Car Owners Society](ev_club.htm) | [Stereo
3D Lenticular](d3d.htm) | [E.Europe](/eastern_european_business_directory)****|
[Art](http://www.design1.org)****[,](http://www.design1.org)** **[Films
and](http://www.design1.org)** **[D](http://www.design1.org)****[esign](http://www.design1.org)** **|** .**[Frank
Didik thoughts](http://www.FrankDidik.com)** **| [World
of](/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)** **[Tomorrow](/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)** **| [Photo
Journalism](http://www.didik.com/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007) | [NYC
in Pictures](http://www.nycinpictures.com/) | [Japan
Stock Photo Archive](http://www.Tokyo1.org)****[Main
Menu](http://www.didik.com)**
Be
sure to also visit [**www.FrankDidik.com**](http://www.FrankDidik.com)
for more Frank Didik thoughts on society |
|
|
***Merry
Christmas and Happy New Year!***
**Thoughts,
Designs, Projects, Proposals and Innovations by Frank Didik**
Frank
X. Didik knowledge spans a significant number of subjects thus he is
able
to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
I
encourage everyone to do whatever you can do, to the best of your
ability and try to make your dreams a reality. | |
**Thoughts
by Frank Didik**
Please
visit [**www.FrankDidik.com**](http://www.FrankDidik.com)
for more thoughts by Frank Didik
***A
million plus people a month*** ***can't
be wrong!***
These
thoughts are organized by popularity rather than chronologically.
Sometimes you must scroll down for the latest thoughts. Updated
October 13, 2022 |
|
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ssmus1.jpg
"[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm)"
Solar-Electric safety motorcycle. |
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ss.jpg
"[Didik
Shooting Star](didik_st.htm)" Gas-Hybrid
fantasy vehicle built for trade show. |
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didik_ct.jpg
Hybrid Electric
[Didik
Long Ranger](didik_ct.htm)
(highly
modified CitiCar) |
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didik_mu.jpg
"[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm)"
Human Powered Version |
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fd2lens.jpg
"Didik Project 2000" Solar thermo-couple
system with 2 meter (6.5foot) vacuum formed reflective lens.
[Didik Solar Energy Research](dd_ppmen.htm) |
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Be
sure to also visit [**www.FrankDidik.com**](http://www.FrankDidik.com)
for more Frank Didik thoughts on society
To
view this site as it was in 2007, please **[click
here](http://www.didik.com/didiknet_2007.htm)**. |
|
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| --- |
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SO_LENS.jpg
[Didik Solar Energy Research](dd_ppmen.htm) |
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| --- |
|
[Ths
secret to manufacturing a viable electric car](didik_ev.htm)
didik_m2.jpg
[Didik
foldable Muscle Car](fdmc.htm) |
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Frank
Didik proposal for the **[Trans-Global
Highway](http://www.transglobalhighway.com)**
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| --- |
|
simp1.jpg
"[Didik
Simplicity](simp.htm)" Electric
hybrid vehicle with rear wheel turning. |
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| --- | --- |
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| --- |
|
[DIDIK
2020](http://www.didik.com/didik2020)
Prototype
worlds smallest, lightest 4x5 film camera - scanable 5 gigapixels |
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[Bottom
Door Utility Truck](http://www.didik.com/bottomdoorutilitytruck) Patent
Pending
The Bottom Door
Utility Truck enhances worker comfort and safety by allowing workers
access to manholes from inside of the utility van while maintaining a
comfortable work environment. [Read
More...](http://www.didik.com/bottomdoorutilitytruck) |
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[Self
Stick Stray and Contact Voltage Detector Patent.](http://www.didik.com/ecs2)
Every year,
thousands of people sustain electric shocks which in some cases, can
injure or kill. The Self Stick Stray and Contact Voltage Detector is
the solution. Patent pending
[Read
More...](http://www.didik.com/ecs2) |
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[Lip
Reading To Text Hearing Aid Glasses](http://www.didik.com/hearingaid)
Unique
and advanced.
Patent
Pending [Read
more](http://www.didik.com/hearingaid)... |
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Isolation
Chamber to transport a sick person and to prevent pathogenic
microorganisms from spreading to other people. Unique and advanced.
Patent pending
[Read
more...](/bubble/didiknegativepressurechamber.htm) |
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| --- | --- |
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[Boat
Ungrounder](http://www.didik.com/boatsaver)
Patent Pending
The Boat Saver
helps free a grounded boat. [Read
More...](http://www.didik.com/boatsaver) |
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DIDIK_M3.jpg
Solar-Human powered
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
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| --- | --- |
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dupl2.jpg
"[Didik
Duplexity](duplex.htm)" human
powered, foldable scooter for two. |
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bubble7.jpg
"[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com)"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room. |
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SSMUS3.jpg
[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm) |
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nysslens.jpg
[Didik Solar Energy Research](dd_ppmen.htm) |
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bike5a.jpg
The Didik quest for [the
worlds lightest bicycle](lightbike.htm).
Nine pounds (4kg). Rear and front wheel turns. Epoxy coated foam. |
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bubble15.jpg
[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com) Inflatable
clean room, filtered Structure |
|
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| --- | --- |
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| --- |
|
[How
to Build an Electric Car](ev_build.htm)
SSMUS2.jpg
[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm) |
|
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| --- | --- |
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[How
vehicles are designed](ddk.htm)
fxd169.jpg
[Didik's
view on design](http://www.didik.com/art/cv.htm) |
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DSC00111.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
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[Nine
day sailing adventure](http://www.didik.com/hudson_river2010) on
the Hudson River. Experiments in exceding hull speed and enhanced
hull strength with existing fiberglass boats. |
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Frank
Didik proposal for the [Trans-Global
Highway](/highway/default.htm) |
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IM033897.JPG
First step in construction of large scale inflatable structures. |
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| --- | --- |
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DSC00072.jpg
[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm) |
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| --- | --- |
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| --- |
|
unit1.jpg
Didik 360 Degree 3D Stereo lenticular projection system
[Didik Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology](3dcd.htm) |
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[thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg](http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm)
Designing and
building a simple car top,[row
boat or motor boat](http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm) in three days.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**Haiti**
**[Earthquake](HaitiHousing.pdf)****[Relief](HaitiHousing.pdf)** **[Housing Effort](HaitiHousing.pdf)** |
|
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| --- | --- |
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|
Photography by
Frank Didik**:**
[New
York Photo Archive](http://www.NYCinPictures.com)
| [Asia](http://www.Tokyo1.org)
| [Historic
Asia (1850's-1920's)](http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/)
| [Stock
Film Footage Database](filmfoot.htm)
| [Celebrities](http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb)
| [Celebrities
in 3D Stereo](http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb/celeb3d.htm)
| [Protest
marches](http://www.nycinpictures.com/homefront)
| [Tropics](http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii)
| [Electric
cars](http://www.didik.com/didik_ev.htm)
| [Japan](http://www.Tokyo1.org)
| [Croatia](http://www.nycinpictures.com/croatia)
| [World
Trade Center Archives](http://www.nycinpictures.com/#wtc)
| [Alternative
Energy](http://www.didik.com/dd_ppmen.htm) |
|
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| --- | --- |
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| --- |
|
[Early
Didik 3-D Television](dtv.htm)
[Systems
from the 70's](dtv.htm) |
|
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| --- | --- |
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| --- |
|
**NYCinPictures.com**
A
photograph of every building in Manhattan. Photographed by Frank
Didik. Part of his virtual reality world project. |
|
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| --- | --- |
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[Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology](3dcd.htm) |
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DSC00037.jpg
Didik Barrier strip stereo-motion 3D images |
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bike8.jpg
Didik Ultra-light weight bicycle. [Worlds lightest bike](lightbike.htm) |
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hover5.jpg
Realistic
analysis of the pros and cons of the [Hovercraf](dhv.htm)t |
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[Frank
Didik Business Books](dbook.htm) |
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***2003
Edition***
[History
and Guide Book to Lenticular Technology cd-rom by Frank Didik](3dcd.htm) |
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[Experimenting](http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm)
Research,
Development and
Experimenting.
Trial and error and developing new materials. Can you charge a cell
phone with an orange?!!
[thm_IM033248.jpg](http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm) |
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Proposal
for the
[**Trans-Global
Highway**](/highway/default.htm)**.** |
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[Positive
pressure filtration tents.](http://www.bubblebunker.com) |
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nycpccol.jpg
Virtual reality New York City. [Expanded
GPS](http://www.ExpandedGPS.com)These photographs are interconnected to create a
virtual New York City. This was done a numnber of years before Google
street view and has a different commercial purpose. |
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SIMP7.jpg
[Didik
Simplicity](simp.htm) |
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[Foldable
Muscle Car](fdmc.htm) |
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DSC00050.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
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DSC00029.jpg
"[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com)"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room. |
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Didik portable, emergency, germ free safety gurney and bed. [Didik Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com) |
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DSC00003.jpg
[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com) |
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DSC00040.jpg
Didik portable, emergency, germ free safety gurney and bed. [Didik Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com) |
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DSC00001.jpg
[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com) |
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EX000001.jpg
Frank Didik designed and built machine to cut
lenticular 3D lenses. [Didik
Lenticular Stereo (3-D) Technology](3dcd.htm) |
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IM034583.JPG
Internal component of the Didik gyroscopic image
stabilizer designed to rotate in partially evacuated hydrogen atmosphere |
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IM034643.JPG
Micro housing designed to be built upon a rock outcrop. Please
[contact
Frank Didik](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com) for
affordable micro housing designed using new, low cost, modern materials. |
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[Frank
Didik Commercial and Editorial Photography](/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/) Didik
photographs can be found in numerous magazines and publications |
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[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
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[Didik
Arctic Explorer](dae.htm) Enclosed,
heated and floatable snow mobile. |
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[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm)
driving on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan |
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Solar-Human [DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm). |
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Construction of custom solar vehicle. |
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Be sure to read ["How to Build an Electric Car"](ev_build.htm) |
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Light weight is essential for efficiency in solar vehicles. |
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Technique to create lenticular 3D images, from
"flat" images. [Didik
Lenticular Stereo (3-D) Technology](3dcd.htm) |
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Solar array designed by Frank Didik for custom built,
solar heated workshop. |
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[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm) in classroom for
seminar on solar vehicles at the National Design Museum of the
Smithsonian Institute. |
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[Didik
Turtle](http://www.didik.com/dturtle.htm)
A
truly basic electric car built in just 14 hours. |
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[Fleeting
Moments Art Project](http://www.didik.com/art/artphoto.htm). |
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[Current
Book Projects](http://www.didik.com/books/proposals.htm) and [Prior
Business Books](http://www.didik.com/dbook.htm) and [Eastern
European Business Directory](http://www.easterneuropeanbusinessdirectory.com) |
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Design
exercise
[Didik
Ocean Home page](http://www.didik.com/oceanhome)
Floating
deep water home
[Ocean
Home PDF file](http://www.didik.com/oceanhome/FloatingHome.pdf) |
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bubble6.jpg
"[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com)"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room. |
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fxd170.jpg
Be sure to
read ["How
vehicles are designed"](ddk.htm)
and ["](ddk.htm)[How
to Build an Electric Car"](ev_build.htm) |
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bubble7.jpg
"[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com)"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room. |
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bubble15.jpg
"[Didik
Bubble Bunker](http://www.bubblebunker.com)"
inflatable, positive pressure, emergency clean room. |
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**Thoughts
by**
**Frank
Didik**
*Random
thoughts on science, business and society today.* *[Index](http://www.didik.com/thoughts_index.htm)* |
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[*www.DIDIK.*](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)*[com](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)*
Copyright©
1989 - 2016 by Frank X. Didik
All
Rights Reserved
DIDIK®
is a registered Trademark
You
may also wish to visit [www.design](http://www.design1.org)**[1](http://www.design1.org)**[.org](http://www.design1.org) |
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**More
Thoughts by Frank Didik**
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**Euthanasia
to be encouraged?**
I was just reading that insurance companies encourage suicide, in
states that permit assisted suicide. Greater profits by less medical
bills and life insurance policies invalidated? I suspect that with a
rapidly aging population, the elderly will be encouraged to end their
lives. Perhaps euthanasia
will be presented as the patriotic or honorable thing to do. We are
truly entering into an age of barbarism and abandoning civilization.
- June 2018
**Social
Media or Vanity Media** With the development of the so
called smart phone, a new phenomenon of "social media" has
developed that caters to the vanity and inner ego of millions *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/socialmedia.htm)*
**It is now time to eliminate all
emergency Covid laws in the country.** Now
that we understand that the fear of a massive death rate due to
Covid was completely wrong*..**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/covid.htm)*
**Is it selfish for a woman to seek
a** **career** **and also have children?** *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/selfish.htm)*
**Private ownership and strong
goals are on the decline.**
Grown men in their 30's still live in shared apartments, ride a
skateboard or a bicycle instead of owning their own home and car and *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/privateownership.htm)*
**Do
not watch TV!** **(or
listen to radio, movies or read** **newspapers****!)**
If you watch TV programs, you will be programmed! The purpose of the
news programs is not to inform but rather to *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/donotwatchtv.htm)*
**Refugees
and citizenship:** Should
refugee's allegedly fleeing their home country be allowed to become
citizens of the countries that accepts them or should they only be
granted temporary sanctuary until their country of origin returns to normal?*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/refugees.htm)*
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[thm_news1_0006310.jpg](news1_0006310.JPG)
Are
"Yoga" pants sexy or are they vulgar? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm)* |
**Misinformation**
does not mean a lie, but rather is a way to undermine a different
perspective that is not in keeping with the pushed narrative. Thus
something that is described as "misinformation" may or many
not be true, but contradicts the official mainstream perspective or
undermines the direction of the mainstream agenda. *Frank Didik, February 1, 2022*
**A
reminder to** **f****ellow** **c****itizens**When
you walk down the street, just remember that every person who you
pass by, regardless of their race or physical appearance, or if they
are rich or poor, has their own goals and aspirations, trials and
tribulations and each person must be treated with basic respect and
dignity. It is essential to individualize and not generalize. Each
group has their good and bad and one must not fall into the trap of
assuming that everyone in a particular group is the same or thinks
the same. Sometimes in our rush or arrogance, we forget these basic truths.
**Smart
Cities**
It is now making the rounds on the internet that Smart City stands
for S.M.A.R.T. which, according to some, stands for S. Surveillance,
M. Monitoring, A. Analysis, R. Reporting, T. Technology [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**Fact
Checkers** So-called
"Fact Checkers" are merely a way to control the narrative
and should never be taken seriously. Fact Checkers always agree with
what the controlling party wants.
**Global
Warming will greatly benefit society.**
Many people have been led to believe that if the planet continues to
get warmer at the ever so pace that it has been warming for hundreds
of years, that somehow it is bad for society. The exact opposite is
true. Global warming will be wonderful for society. It will be far
greater areas will be able to be cultivated, leading to vastly more
food supplies. Global warming [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**Male-Female
"Relationships"**
For the past few years, I have heard more and more of people
referring to their girlfriend as their "partner" or that
they are in a "relationship". Traditionally, men and women
would "date". The purpose of "dating" was to find
a person that they would marry and stay with forever. Dating was not
necessarily exclusive. Exclusivity only came with marriage and it was
assumed that marriage was forever. Further, "dating"
couples [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**The
media influences everyone.**
No one is smart enough or insightful enough not to be influenced by
the media. The media influences everyone. Those who controls the
media, also controls the views, opinions and desires of the
population at large.
**We
are free**
... because we are told that we are free. Most people do not
really understand the meaning of true freedom.
**The
first thing that a child or even an adult learns**
on any topic, is assumed to be true. After that, it is extremely
difficult to change that person opinion, even with overwhelming
evidence that the first thing that they heard was false. Changing
such a embedded opinion must be gradual, with the planting the seeds,
of the correct point of view and slowly over time, work to change
that opinion.
**Constant
Smart Phone Use**
Constant cell phone / smart phone use dramatically reduces creativity
and productivity. It acts as a constant distraction. Many, if not
most people, waste hours upon hours of time on these devices. I
recommend that a person leave their "smart" phone at home
and enjoy outside, electronic free and observe society for how it
really is.
**"The
Great Reset"**.
Most people consider the "Great Reset" something to do
with the World Economic Forum, Klauss Schaub and others who have
received much bad press recently. It should be pointed out that the
future is far less predictable than one might think and that the
"Great Reset" may well be in the opposite direction that
people might consider and may well happen to be a return to
traditional values and other unexpected directions. Such as happened
many times in the past. For example, 1638 to 1658 in England, after
20 years of [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**Many
people are consumed by worry.** Worry
holds a person back and prevents them from adequately thinking
things through. The media is a major source of worry, with its
constant [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
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**We seem to be living in a fake world.**
Everywhere you go, you see people walking down the street, staring at
their cell phone, often with "ear buds", completely
oblivious to the outside world. ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/fakeworld.htm)*
[A. M. Herring flying the worlds first powered airplane - according to the May 17, 1899 issue of the Horseless Age.](photo1.jpg)
**Were
the Wright Brothers the wrong brothers?**Was
A.M. Herring the first to fly in 1899 - four years before the Wright Brothers?*...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/wrightbrothers.htm)* *...*
**A****pril
Fools Day** How
did it start? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/aprilfools.htm)*
**Oligarchs:** How
did the "oligarchs" of Russia, Ukraine and other former
Soviet Republics amass their vast wealth? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/oligarchs.htm)*
Easter celebrated
in Manhattan in 1956
**EASTER:**
Though Easter is a Christian Holiday, celebrated by Christians
worldwide, perhaps non-Christians, including **atheists**,
should also celebrate this holiday. Why? Because by Jesus's
teachings, **Democracy**
became the norm for all governments worldwide. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/easter.htm)*
Frank
X. Didik
**Vision
Zero is without vision.** The New
York City program started under former Mayor DeBlasio was well
intended to to reduce pedestrian deaths from vehicles but has it
reduced accidents? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm)*
**Congestion
Pricing** favors the upper income people and will
significantly reduce local business, while pushing middle class
drivers to shop elsewhere that does not have this burdensome tax.
Ultimately this will work against the city.
**Fossil
Fuels:**
So called "fossil fuels" are most likely, not from
fossils.It seems impossible that the so called "fossil
fuels" were ever created from plant life. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/fossil_fuels.htm)*
**Global
trade agreements****have
failed the United States and has destroyed the US standard of living** *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/tradeagreements.htm)*
**Socialism****,
excess government support** **and
Communism** **are** **not natural.** *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#socialism)*
**True
causes of the Ukraine-Russian War** [Click
here](http://news1.net#ukraine)
**Plastic
clothing?** Have you noticed that it
is getting more difficult to find clothing made with 100% cotton or
wool? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm)*
**Bicycle
Lanes** favors the young and healthy, while inconveniencing
older citizens, drivers and delivery trucks. Further, for the most
part, they are rarely utilized during the winter months... *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm)*
**People
are being slowly but surely, social engineered** The
education industry, journalism, the entertainment industry and even
the medical industry push social engineering that serves to influence
what people think, want, buy and how they see themselves.
**People
believe the first thing they hear** The
first thing a child or a person hears, on a topic that they are not
familiar with, the person will normally accept as fact. Later, if it
turns out that the information was wrong, it is extremely difficult
to change that persons mind to see the truth, regardless of the
amount of contrary evidence and proof presented. In the future, a
persons mind can be changed, but in almost all cases, the change will
be gradual. It is important that in school and at home, a child (and
an adult) be trained in critical thinking and not immediately accept
the narrative. Children must have adults make decisions for them.
**Causes
of violent crime and property crime** Is
violent crime and crime against property caused by poverty, lack of
education and public policy or is it a lack of good family training,
morality, lack of civics education in school and the media,
intelligence or is it the temperament of certain groups of people?
The media and schools should always and only present a positive view
on life and steer away from the bottom of society.
**Self
defence**
It is obvious that most cities and locals in the United States do not
want people to defend themselves from theft and attack and instead,
want the population to meekly submit to the criminals and later,
contact the police. If a citizen defends themselves, either through
hand fighting or with a weapon, such as a club, knife or gun, that
citizen will be charged by the jurisdiction, even if the criminal
entered into the home or business of the citizen. As one old saying
says, "The police are only minutes away, when seconds
count". This must change back to to past when a person was
allowed to defend themselves without fear of prosecution. The fact is
that armed citizens do stop and prevent crimes. Of course armed
citizens do pose a threat to governments, particularly when the
governments are not for the people at large, but only to particular
special interest groups. Strong, authoritarian governments never want
armed citizens. In those cases, the government (acting on behalf of
certain small interest groups) want to control everything.
**The
attention span of the public in the public eye.** The
attention span of the public is like a lightening bolt, it is so
quickly changed. This applies to all levels of basic, non essential
existence of the public including music, fashion's, fads, celebrities
of today, and [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**"Sustainable
development goals"** Sustainable
development goals essentially lower the standards of living of all
people under the guise of the unproven notion of manmade climate
change. Unfortunately, the notion of the alleged climate
"crises" has been [*To
continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**Propaganda** People
tend to believe the fist thing that they hear. It takes a huge
amount of information and a long time to convince a person of the
truth. For this reason, when a government anywhere tries to convince
a population [*To continue, click here and scroll down the page*](http://www.didik.com/october2023.htm)
**This
website displays designs, projects, proposals and innovations**
by Frank Didik, but this site has also served to inspire people to
bring their ideas to fruition. All too often, people have great
dreams in high school and college but within a few years after
graduation, these ideas gradually become a distant memory. I
encourage everyone to do what ever you are good at and try to make
your dreams a reality. What people do today represents the future of
our great planet. Go out and do whatever you can do, to the best of
your ability.
|
**Opinions** It is important to have opinions, based on facts and
known information, but one also be willing to change their opinion as
new information is received.
**Is
it wrong be** **judgmental****?**
Further, should a person express unsolicited opinions to others? The
fact is that everyone *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/judgmental.htm)*
**Should
we offer unsolicited advice?**
We have often heard that giving unsolicited advice is wrong but *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/judgmental.htm)*
**Is
everyone equal?** Certainly in the Christian world and by
extension, under the law, everyone is equal. However the fact that
everyone has the same intrinsic value mean that everyone is entitled
to the same? Should people who are more ambitious, or people who have
better ideas, benefit from their efforts? Societies that have
attempted to distribute wealth equally among all people have always
failed. People need an incentive to work hard and be productive.
**Arrogance**
Over the past two years, a type of entitlement and Arrogance
has developed among the less
productive people who now seem to be demanding property and rights
that they have not earned through efforts of their own.
**Child
neglect?** Is it a form of child neglect is a woman is
pushing a baby carriage and is also on her cell phone either speaking
or surfing the net? Should the woman instead be paying attention and
teaching the child? Children mostly learn through observation, rather
than from schools.
**A
Utopian society** It has been the dream of mankind since
the beginning to have a perfect society where everyone lives in peace
and harmony and where everybody's wants are fulfilled. Shangra La in
the book and movies "Lost Horizon" is an example. Today the
World Economic Forum is also pushing their version of Utopia. However
it is very unlikely that such a Utopia can ever exist, without the
merit system of people producing and benefiting from their efforts. A
"Garden of Eden" can not be recreated.
**War
against personal freedom?** It seems that many countries
have embarked on a program that limits personal freedom for the
alleged common good. For example, many cities around the world have
expanded bicycle lanes at the expense of limiting automobile lanes.
Of course an automobile implies both freedom of travel and overall
prosperity. The bicycle lanes tend to be an excuse since bicycle
lanes only benefit the young and fit people, mostly men under the age
of 40. The plan to eliminate gasoline powered cars and replce them
with electric cars is a fantasy since far fewer people will be able
to afford an electric car and the range and slow charging time of an
electric car prevents long road trips.
**Climate
Change excuses**, by design or default are limiting
personal freedom of travel and preventing one to do as one pleases.
**Schools
have become indoctrination centers** Compulsory
education was never meant to improve one's social status, though
that is how it is presented to the public. Originally, students wore
uniforms, similar to military uniforms, students learned obedience,
such as marching into the school, or raising their hand for
permission to *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/donotwatchtv.htm)*
**Compulsory
Education since it started in the 1870's.**
People today are told that **compulsory**
education in grade schools and high schools are necessary for the
development of the child into a productive adult. Certainly school
has the potential to educate the student to learn to read, write,
mathematics, basic history, science, geography and perhaps civic
behavior. Though these important features are what the population at
large was told, masked another real reason for compulsory education. **Compulsory**
education started in the 1700's in Prussia when *[To
continue, click here and scroll down the page](http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm)*
**Dating
today**
Permanent dating without choosing one person and having a family is
today the norm. Often people live together in a farm of limbo or
suspended animation without any real plans for the future, children
or progress. Sometimes these "couples" will buy a pet dog
to give their love to.
**Standard
of Living**
Decline in the standard of living. People have been led to believe
that cars, natural gas, gasoline, basically all modern advancements
are bad and should be abandoned. *[To
continue, click here and scroll down the page](http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm)*
**Sex
and violence in the media** The media, including
television, the movies and various lifelike video games constantly
display violence to the viewers. The various medias however, state
that such violence does not influence the viewers. Perhaps
advertisers, who spend fortunes every year advertising in the media,
should be notified that the media does not influence people and that
the advertisers are wasting their money.
**People
feel entitled** Unfortunately, many people in America have
a sense of entitlement regardless of their skill, drive, intelligence
or ability. This has led to unfounded jealousy of others and excuses
for not being able to achieve the same. These anti-society feelings
must end and must be controlled, if not at home as a child, at least
in schools and harmony must be encouraged in the media, rather than
constantly showing off the life styles of the small number of
financially wealthy or socially successful people.
**Censorship**
I am opposed to *almost*
all forms of censorship. There are certain types of "speech"
that should indeed be banned. This includes all pornography, sex
stories that describe explicit sexual encounters, stories that
encourage any act or actions that one might define as contrary to
nature. What two consenting, without coercion or any psychological
force is to be tolerated, however publishing or telling or filming
such acts or encouraging others must be strictly forbidden.
**Mass
Media vocabulary**
When the word "education" is used in the media or when
governments promote a certain point of view and provide funds to
"educate the public", it normally means to attempt to
brainwash the public through propaganda and showing only one side of
the issue.
|
**Reduced
intelligence levels and** **separately****,
reduced** **cognitive** **ability?**
It seems that with many forms of modern technology, such as the
cellular telephone/smart phone, which is really a window to the
knowledge of the world, people have stopped being innovative and
thinking for themselves and rather simply rely on their device. One
would have thought that the exact opposite would have occurred, but
it has not. Further, over the past three years, there seems to be a
mark decline in cognitive ability. Some say the the recently
developed Covid vaccination causes micro blood clots, but this has
yet to be proven. Something however is causing a decline in rapid
thinking and cognitive ability in the population.
**Life
was easier in the middle ages, 1000 years ago?** Perhaps,
at least in Europe. First, farming is far less demanding than one
might think. In traditional farms, the work was primarily for a few
weeks during planting season and then for a few weeks during the
harvest. The rest of the time was rather easy. Further, a thousand
years ago in Europe, there were as many "Holy Days" (the
world "holiday" is a derivative of the "holy day")
as work days. Thus a working year was about 175 days, rather than
254 days that it is today. Further today, most jobs are 8 hours of
constant work in one spot, while 1000 years ago, work was not as
intense. As far as longevity, we know know that people 1000 years
ago, based on grave stones, lived about the same length as today,
that is between 75 and 80 years on average. Further, modern diseases
such as heart disease, diabetes or cancer, for example, was very rare.
**"Finding
truth on the internet, is like finding a diamond in a pile of broken glass"**.
Today there is so much conflicting and false information on the
internet that it is difficult to determine what is true and what is
false. Often each perspective presents [*read
more*](http://www.didik.com/diamond.htm)
**Covid
has become political** Some say that alleged science is
being used to push a political agenda.
Back in February of 2020, Covid 19 was presented as a deadly pandemic
that many said would kill off a sizable [*read
more*](http://www.didik.com/endcovid.htm)
**Fact
Checkers** "Fact Checkers" present an opinion
rather than absolute fact. Further,
who will fact check the fact checkers"? Recently*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/factcheckers.htm)*
**Luxury
Apartments** The definition of luxury has changed
dramatically in recent years. Traditionally, the notion of luxury
doesn't start till a minimum of 9 rooms, Further, historically, a
studio apartment was on the top floor, with an angular northern
exposure window, so the artist would be able to paint with diffused
light. Real studios were considered only for the fringe or artistic
people, and was less expensive. Those studios usually were 25x70
feet. What is called a studio today, is a one rooms sleeping place
and in the past was only for someone starting out.
**Are
people really living longer today, than in the past?** Time
and time again, we are told that people today liver longer than in
the past, but is this true? It is not true. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/march2023thoughts.htm)*
**Smart
phone use dramatically reduces creativity and productivity**
People waste hours upon hours of time on these devices, without
stopping to think for themselves or to look around and get new, real information.
**Self
Sufficiency**
America was founded on the concept of self sufficiency.
Unfortunately, since President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), some
members of the lower classes have come to depend on handouts and have
essentially become wards of the state. True freedom is only achieved
when a person is self sufficient. Of course certain things are best
handled by the state, such as the construction of roads, protection
of people and property, food and quality maintenance, basic civil
order actions and a few other societal rules to allow society to
operate smoothly.
**USA
is now a third world country?**
The strength of a nation is its manufacturing capacity and
capability. Since 1978, the United States has deindustrialization and
is now similar to what used to be the definition of a third world
country. That is that the USA sends raw materials and food stuff to
more industrialized countries and after, those countries sends back
finished products.
**Avoid
"start-ups"**
Most so-called start up's are a waste of time and investment and are
doomed to failure. The majority of startups do not attempt to
manufacture or develop anything new, but instead make apps or
software, yet they refer to themselves as "technology"
companies. A true technology company produces physical products. Apps
and software are not the end but the means to service the end.
**Facial
recognition**
Global facial recognition technology and storing such data is a huge
infringement of privacy and ultimately freedom. It is a form of
branding, without the brand. Facial recognition technology should be
universally banned.
**FEDNOW
digital currency and payment system** Fednow is a newly,
partially introduced Central Bank Digital Currency also known as
CBDC. This means the elimination of cash and all purchases conducted
electronically through a phone, credit card or similar. All CBDC's
represents a complete elimination of privacy and freedom and can
easily evolve into a new form of *[To
continue, click here and scroll down the page](http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm)*
**People
want to be told what to do**
It might be difficult to believe, but it seems that the majority of
people want to be told what to do and how to live. People want others
to do things for them. People are told what to buy, how to dress, how
to talk, how to live, what to eat, almost everything, buy the media
and other forms of social influencing areas.
**Change** Change
for the sake of change, is wrong. Change is only good if it improves
something or if it improves the existence of human kind.
**Expand
what is in the public domain and sphere** Expand
public service, even if the entity is privately owned. The United
States courts have ruled that the common space in shopping malls are
public space and a form of a new Town Square. It is now time that
search engines, credit card companies, banks, phone companies and
other similar entities must also be considered a form of a Town
Square. These entities must not be allowed to inhibit free speech or *[To
continue, click here and scroll down the page](http://www.didik.com/october2023b.htm)*
**The
Effectiveness of VACCINES** If
vaccines work, why should the vaccinated worry about the
unvaccinated? Further, why should anyone, for any reason, be required
to be vaccinated? This applies to jobs, schools, audiences and all
other social and business areas.
|
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
**Covid/Corona
Virus**
**For
Frank Didik thoughts on the Corona Virus and it's effect on society
and the economy.** **[Click
Here](http://www.didik.com/coronarelated.htm)**
**Lockdowns
benefit large companies at the expense of small stores and
businesses** *Frank
X. Didik December 16, 202**0*
It
has become obvious that the lockdowns, imposed by most of the states
to control the spread of Covid-19, has clearly benefited large
companies, particularly on-line mega-companies, at the expense of
small, local businesses, that were forced to either close their doors
or greatly curtail their operations. It was estimated that these
small companies and stores represented about 60% of the economy. As a
result of the government imposed lockdowns, much of this bushiness
activity and wealth has been transferred, perhaps permanently, to the
on-line stores. This is rapidly creating a vastly different business
environment and potentially will reduce the ability of an individual
to start their own business in the future.
**One
World** **Government**
The world seems to be headed towards a single, one world government,
with the notion of individual countries, cultures, customs and races,
gradually merging to form a new type of global citizen. This could
lead to greatly curtailed personal freedoms, such as the ability to
travel, own a car, own a private house, where to work, where to live
and even limit the potential to improve one's social *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/oneworld.htm)*
More
Random thoughts and speculaions by Frank X. Didik can be found [**here**](http://www.didik.com/morespeculations.htm) |
**"Northern Eastern Circle"**
A fact finding
1,500 mile road trip
through rural north eastern USA. [Click
here](http://www.didik.com/northwoods) for details.
**"[Southern
Circle](http://www.didik.com/southerncircle)"**
A fact finding
3,000 mile road trip
through the deep south. [Click
here](http://www.didik.com/southerncircle) for details.
|
**A** **$40 per hour** **m****inimum
wage?** *...Frank
X. Didik, September 22, 2021*
In
1962, the average 35 year old working man was able to support a
wife, 3 or 4 children, own a house in the suburbs, have 2 cars and
had enough money to go on a vacation once or twice a year. Today, it
takes two highly educated people working to buy a small one or two
bedroom coop or condo, car ownership is rare and they can only afford
to have one or two children at best. To achieve what a man in 1962
made per week and to regain the standard of living of that time, the
minimum wage must be increased to $40 per hour. The gradual decline
over the past 60 years should be changed. Perhaps "shock
treatment" that was recommended to the former communist
countries in Eastern Europe by "experts" from leading
American Universities, should be the guide for this sudden increase
in the average (minimum) wage. Several things would happen. First,
people would initially spend much more money and this would almost
instantly create huge demand. At the same time, it is very possible
that prices would go up, though perhaps not as fast as one might
expect, since production efficiency is much greater today than in
1962. Finally, it might be necessary to implement trade barriers.
This of course would run counter to the direction of globalism.
Perhaps it is time to modify the notion of globalism and take into
account the different global cultures, work ethics and achievements.
|
**Remote
working, office space, the diminished need for employees** Frank
X. Didik, January 1, 202**1** It
is fascinating to note that as a result of the government imposed
Covid-19 restrictions, that for a period of time, an estimated 30% of
the population was out of work, and yet the country did not
experience any long term shortages, in any area. One might say that
this is a wake-up call for companies to show them that they have too
many redundant employees. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage8.htm#unemployable)*
**Does
constant mask wearing reduce cognitive ability?** Studies
have shown that people inhale between 7% and 12% of their exhaled
breath, with an accumulation of carbon dioxide. Does this cause minor cognitive
loss for the wearer over time? Further, over time, the masks quickly
become both moist as well as becomes a breading ground for bacteria.
Also, does the additional stress on the lungs to breath through a
filter effects the lungs? More studies must be performed to determine
if mask wearing causes biological issues as well as psychological
issues over time.
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
DSC00053.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
DSC00053.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
DSC00053.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
DSC00053.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
DSC00053.jpg
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm) |
**Coming
Soon:**Steam
Turbine Solar-Electric Sports Car.
INDEX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
|
***Electric
Vehicles*** |
[Solar,
Electric, Hybrid, Alternate Energy Vehicles](didik_ev.htm)
[How
the vehicles are designed](ddk.htm)
[The
secret in designing and manufacturing a viable electric car.](didik_ev.htm)
[How
to Build an Electric Car (Smithsonian
Institute Talk)](ev_build.htm)
[Directory
and History of Electric Vehicles from 1834 to 2000](ev_hist.htm) A
directory of all electric cars ever built.
[DIDIK
Muscle Car](didik_mu.htm)
[Foldable
Muscle Car](fdmc.htm)
[Didik
Shooting Star](didik_st.htm)
[Didik
Sun Shark](shark.htm)
[Didik
Arctic Explorer](dae.htm)
[Didik
Long Ranger](didik_ct.htm)
[Didik
Simplicity](simp.htm)
[Didik
Duplexity](duplex.htm)
[Didik
Turtle](http://www.didik.com/dturtle.htm)
[Worlds
lightest bike](lightbike.htm)
[Hovercraf](dhv.htm)t
- Realistic analysis of the pros and cons of the Hovercraft
[Human
Powered Bus](people.htm)
[Licensing
Information](licev.htm)
for
Manufacturers and Resellers
[PRESS
KITS covering DIDIK electric cars](dpr.htm)
[Electric
Vehicle CD-ROM](ev_cd2.htm)
[The
Horseless Age](http://www.thehorselessage.com)
First Car Magazine in the USA, starting in 1895. Contains details on every
early car. Fascinating.
[Solar
Energy Research](dd_ppmen.htm)
[The
Electric Car Owners Club](ev_club.htm),
which is now known as the Electric Car Society, was founded by Frank Didik
[Electric
Vehicle Registration Page](ev_reg.htm)
[History
of the CitiCar and CommutaCar](cit_his.htm)
[Didik
Ocean Home](http://www.didik.com/oceanhome)
|
[How
to Build an Electric Ca](ev_build.htm)r(Smithsonian
Institute Talk)
[Driving
an Electric Vehicle](driving2.htm)
[CitiCar
and CommutaCar Parts List](cit_part.htm)
[Electric
Vehicle CD-ROM](ev_cd.htm)
[Directory
and History of Electric Vehicles from 1834 to 2000](ev_hist.htm)
[Citicar
Catalog from 1975](citicar.htm)
[CitiCar
Wiring Diagrams](citdiag.htm)
[ComutaCar
Catalog and specifications from 1980](comuta.htm)
| |
| --- |
|
**NEW!** For the early automobile enthusiast
*[The
Horseless Age](http://www.thehorselessage.com)*
The
first car magazine printed from 1895 to 1918. Information on every
car built and every automotive development during this period. |
| |
| --- |
|
***Design***
***Design,
Art, Film, Alternate Energy*** |
[www.design1.org](http://www.design1.org)
Designs
by Frank Didik
[Art](http://www.design1.org)
[Films](http://www.design1.org)
Documentaries:
["Chinatown
in the Shadow"](http://www.design1.org/chinafilm.htm)
"Secret
History of Japan"
[Resume](http://www.design1.org/cv.htm)
[Frank
Didik's Designer Statement](http://www.design1.org/art_stat.htm)
[Architecture](http://www.bubblebunker.com)
[Virtual
New York City and Tokyo](http://www.design1.org/artphoto.htm)
[Current
Book Projects](http://www.didik.com/books/proposals.htm)
[Expanded
GPS](http://www.ExpandedGPS.com)
[Hurricane
Irene](http://www.didik.com/hurricaneirene)
Report
from, NYC
Effects
of Hurricane Irene on New York City
Aug
27-Aug 28, 2011 |
[Architecture](http://www.bubblebunker.com) Inflatable
structures and emergency isolation tents.
[Positive
pressure, germ free emergency temporary medical bed.](http://www.bubblebunker.com)
[Positive
pressure filtration tents.](http://www.bubblebunker.com)
["Fleeting
Moments"](http://www.design1.org/artphoto.htm) This
art project includes a picture of every building in New York City,
photographed by Frank Didik To see thumbnails of many of the
photographs, also go to [NYCinPictures.com](http://www.NYCinPictures.com)
nysslens.jpg
[Solar
and Renewable Energy Research section](dd_ppmen.htm) SOLAR
and POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY. This section provides an overview of
solar energy research.
[Click
here for the Main Power Technology Menu](dd_ppmen.htm)
[Direct
Solar-Electric Generation](sol200.htm)
[Improved
Efficiency for Existing Power Plants](p_plant.htm)
[DIDIK
Power](dd_ppmen.htm)
[Technology
Systems](dd_ppmen.htm)
[Solar
Electric Vehicle Technology](didik_ev.htm)
| |
| --- |
|
***Other*** |
[Trans-Global
Highway](/highway/default.htm). Frank Didik proposal for the
Trans-Global Highway
[BubbleBunker.com](bubble.htm)
Portable, hermetically sealed , inflatable personal shelter. Personal
Home Shelters.
[*World
Trade*](http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm) *[Center](http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm)* [*Horror*](http://www.didik.com/wtc2.htm) *A* *first
hand, eye witness report of the World Trade Center Horror*,
as seen by Frank Didik on September 11, 2001
[thm_DidikDesigns_0760.jpg](http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm)
Design and build a
simple car top,[row
boat or motor boat](http://www.didik.com/boatbuilding.htm) in three days. |
| |
| --- |
|
***Real
Estate*** |
[Click
here](http://www.w9g.com) for
Real Estate information products for brokers and investors.
[Hawaii
Real Estate CD-Roms](http://www.re1.org)
| |
| --- |
|
***Stock
Photo***
***and
News Archive*** |
Photographs
by Frank Didik**:**
[New
York Photo Archive](http://www.NYCinPictures.com)
[Asia
Photo Archive](http://www.Tokyo1.org)
[Historic
Asia (1850's-1920's)](http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/)
[Stock
Film Footage Database](filmfoot.htm)
[Celebrities](http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb) in
pictures
[Celebrities
in 3D Stereo](http://www.nycinpictures.com/celeb/celeb3d.htm)
[Protest
marches](http://www.nycinpictures.com/homefront)
[Tropics](http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii) in
pictures
[Electric
cars](http://www.didik.com/didik_ev.htm) in
pictures
[Japan](http://www.Tokyo1.org) in
pictures
[Croatia](http://www.nycinpictures.com/croatia)
in pictures
[World
Trade Center Archives](http://www.nycinpictures.com/#wtc)
in pictures photographed by Frank Didik during the 911 horror
[Alternative
Energy](http://www.didik.com/dd_ppmen.htm) in
pictures
[Tokyo1.org](http://www.Tokyo1.org) -Japan
stock photo archive
[Tokyo1.org](http://www.tokyo1.org/old_japan/default.htm) (historic)
Historic
Japanese and Asian photo archive section covering 1853-1923
[Hawaii
Stock Photo Archive](http://www.nycinpictures.com/hawaii/)
[Frank
Didik Commercial and Editorial Photography](/PhotographyPortfolio_Frank_Didik_2007/)
Didik
photographs can be found in numerous magazines and publications
[Nine
day sailing adventure](http://www.didik.com/hudson_river2010)
[Earthquake
Relief Housing Effort](HaitiHousing.pdf) |
**[NYCinPictures.com](http://www.nycinpictures.com/)**
A
photograph of every building in Manhattan. Photographed by Frank
Didik. Part of his virtual reality world project.
[www.News1.net](http://www.News1.net) Stock
photo and video archive plus editorial and media content.
| |
| --- |
|
***Stereo
3-D Pages*** |
lenticular
software
[Lenticular
Stereo (3-D) Technology](3dcd.htm)
STEREO and THREE DIMENSIONAL (3-D) imaging including Lenticular
printing and Vari-Vue. This section covers stereo photography,
stereographic cinematography and stereo (3-D) television.
[Main
Stereo 3-D menu](d3d.htm)
[History
and Guide Book to Lenticular Technology cd-rom by Frank Didik](3dcd.htm)
2003 edition
[Mass
Production of Lenticular images for advertisers](vv_mas.htm)
[Production
Price list](price_3d.htm) for
Lenticular Mass Production
[Lenticular
Photography](vv_photo.htm)
[Lenticular
Supplies including lenses for printers and photographers](vv_sup.htm)
[Early
3-D Television Systems from the 70's](dtv.htm)
[Lenticular
Technology](dlen.htm)
[A
brief history of VariVue Since 1936](vv_his.htm)
[Directory
of 3D (Stereo) films since 1922](3d_film.htm)
[Lenticular
Technology Book](dlenb.htm)
[How
to view stereo pairs (non-Lenticular)](pairs.htm)
[Experimenting](http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm)
Research,
Development and Experimenting.
[thm_IM033248.jpg](http://www.didik.com/experimenting.htm)
Charge a cell
phone with an orange? ! |
[Lenticular
Licensing](d3dl.htm)
[Information
for Manufacturers and Resellers](d3dl.htm)
[Press
Kits](vvpress.htm)
for lenticular 3d
[DIDIK
Stereo Registration Page](d3_reg.htm)
| |
| --- |
|
***EASTERN
EUROPE***
***Business
Intelligence*** |
[Eastern
European Business Directory by Frank X. Didik](http://www.easterneuropeanbusinessdirectory.com) This
business directory can be found in most libraries world wide and
required over one year of work, including numerous trips to Eastern
Europe. It was the key business book covering Eastern Europe in 1990
till 1992. Besides English, special regional editions of "Didik's
Directory of American Businesses" were published in German,
Czech and Polish. The primary purpose of all of these directories was
to assist the businessman to determine "who produces what".
[Eastern
Europe Business Database CD-ROM by Frank Didik](dcd.htm) Covers
every factory in Eastern Europe and former USSR
[Easter
and Central](dcdee.htm)
[European
Business Directory](dcdee.htm)
[Eastern
Europe Business Information](dee.htm) This
section is primarily for larger companies, banks and government
agencies seeking information or technical assistance on various
industries and industrial sectors in Eastern Europe.
[Special
Industrial Reports](drep.htm) Over
400 industrial sectors covered
[Trade
Directories and Books](dbook.htm) Covering
Eastern Europe
[Eastern
Europe Registration Page](ee_reg.htm) |
|
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
| |
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
*DIDIK.COM*
**[inquiry [at] didik.com](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)** |
|
| |
| --- |
|
|
[Electric
Vehicles](didik_ev.htm) | [Solar
Energy](dd_ppmen.htm) | [Electric
Car Owners Society](ev_club.htm)
| [Stereo 3D Lenticular](d3d.htm) | [E.Europe](dee.htm)
| [NYC in Pictures](http://www.nycinpictures.com/) | [Japan
Stock Photo Archive](http://www.Tokyo1.org) | [Real
Estate](nyc.htm) | [Art](http://www.design1.org)
| [Films](http://www.design1.org) | [Stock
Photo's](http://www.nycinpictures.com/)| | [Hawaii Real Estate CD-Rom](http://www.re1.org)
| [Personal
Home Shelters](bubble.htm) | [Sponsorship
Opportunities](sponsors.htm) | [Trans-Global
Highway](/highway/default.htm) | [Trade
Shows and Press](pr.htm)
| [Journalist
Resources](http://www.didik.com/newsoft) | [Legal](legal.htm)
| [Contact
Us](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com) | To
bookmark, press CTRL D now |
***CONTACT
Frank Didik:*** **.**
**+1**
**[inquiry
[at] didik.com](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)**
**(New
York City, USA)**
Time: Date:
[*www.DIDIK.*](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)*[com](mailto:inquiry [at] didik.com)*
Copyright©
1989 - 2024 by Frank X. Didik, All Rights Reserved
DIDIK®
is a registered Trademark at the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
|
| |
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
*Frank
X. Didik in Central Park, Manhattan, New York City, on April 11, 2023*
**Thoughts
by**
**Frank
Didik**
*Random
thoughts on science, business and society today.*
*What
if and what can or might be.*
Napoleon is supposed to have
said "History is a lie agreed upon".
I say that these days, **"science is a
lie agreed upon"**.
So much of alleged science today is complete nonsense. The
definition of science is the ability to test and retest and always
get the same results. Anything else is mere speculation or philosophy.
**What
is the speed of gravity? If it is instantaneous, then what if
gravity can be modulated?** Today
most scientists, assume that the speed of gravity is the same as the
speed of light, but what if the speed of gravity is instantaneous?
Further, if gravity can be modulated, it might allow for
instantaneous universal communication. Thus it might be possible to
communicate with space craft instantly, rather than waiting for
minutes for transmissions to reach the craft or earth. Perhaps
computer chips can be made to operate vastly faster. And this is just
the beginning since *..**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/gravity.htm)* *..**.*
**What
if the decay rate of elements varies rather than being a constant?** Imagine,
if this is the case, it would mean that all archeological dating is
in question. How old are artifacts? When in fact did the dinosaurs
really die out? Further, consider that *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/decayrate.htm)* *...*
Frank X. Didik aboard
"The Futurist" in New
York Harbor.
**Evolution
of American English Accents** I have noticed that accents
evolve very quickly. If you were to watch a movie from the 1930's,
1940's or any other time, you will notice that people from each
period have distinct accents. Recently, I have noticed that first
generation Americans, who perhaps grew up in bilingual families, for
example Polish or Chinese families, have a distinct, new American
accent. I presume that over time, everyone's accent will be
significantly different in years to come. *Frank Didik, February 1, 2022*
**Reason,
Logic and intellect is not reliable.**
The late Christopher Hitchens often stated that we should rely on our
logic, reason and intellect to determine the truth. Many people who
pride themselves as educated, intelligent and progressive believe the
same. As reasonable as this seems, Galileo proved over 400 years ago
that our logic, reason and intellect is unreliable and that only
direct experimental data, should be relied upon. Galileo had dropped
two balls of the same material, but different masses, from the
Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that they would hit the ground
at the same time, rather than the heavier ball hitting the ground
first, as almost everyone, including Aristotle, 2000 years ago, had
assumed. Our logic, reason and intellect is not reliable and should
only be viewed as speculation. Only direct experimentation and
obtaining the same results, over and over again should be relied upon.
**What
if time varies along with all things, rather than being a constant?**Consider
that*...**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/time.htm)* *...*
**Can
the speed of light vary, even if traveling under the same
conditions, or in other words, is the speed of light really a
constant?** According
to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is a constant
but **.***.**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/lightspeed.htm)**...*
*The
1956 Firebird* *was
to be self driving.*
**Self
Driving Cars?** **If
you have an accident with a self driving car, who is at fault? The
car manufacturer, the owner of the car or the occupant
"driver" of the car?** I
have enjoyed owning and driving some of the most interesting cars
made and have always enjoyed the freedom of driving without
impediments or restrictions. Nevertheless, if self driving .*..**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/selfdrivingcars.htm)* *...*
**Bicycles?
What ever happened to jet packs, flying cars and advanced technology
that in the past, was predicted that we would be using by today?**Why
are bicycles being pushed by cities world wide?.*..**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/jetpacks.htm)* *...*
**Question:** Do bicycles and
skate boards represent a more environmentally friendly world or does
it indicate a decline in the standard of living? I ride my bicycle
about 10 miles every day, but only a small percentage of the
population benefit from bike lanes, mostly men under the age of 50.
Further, most people ride bikes in warm, favorable weather and rarely
in the rain, snow or cold weather.
**Old
Computer Formats and the longevity of our digitally stored
knowledge.** Are
we entering into a "pre-history" era? How can we preserve
our computer written records, books, photographs, video and
knowledge? If you
wanted to, would you be able to read a:
3
1/2" or 5 1/4" or 8" floppy?
cd-rom
or a dvd?
12"
optical disk?
9
track tape?
IBM
punch card?
Paper
punch tape?
If
you can not read these one or two generation old formats today, how
will society be able to read these documents in 200 years from now? I
doubt that the current line up of formats, such as SD cards, USB
drives or others, will be easy to read in 15 years. The longevity of
computer/digital storage before major failure is also an issue .*..**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/oldformats.htm)* *...*
**There
is an alternative to population control.** Restricting
and discouraging the formation of families in order to stabilize or
reduce population infringes on the freedom and rights of every human.
There is another much better approach**.***.**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/populationcontrol.htm)**...*
**[Cell
Phone Etiquette](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm)**
Advice for the modern person *-
December* *9,
2016* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm)*
**Time
to rethink bike lanes** Advice for bicyle based cities
*- August
3**,
2016* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm)*
**Questioning
the results of modern science.** For
the last 100 years, we have been experiencing the collapse of real
science. Theories, speculation and fantasy is the norm today. By
definition, the scientific method is the ability to test and re-test
and always get the same results, over and over. If an idea or a
theory can not be tested, the idea must be viewed as speculation and
not considered true, till that idea is proven without a doubt.
Scientific theory has moved to areas that are beyond our present
capability of testing and gradually a number of unproven theories
have become accepted as fact without any real proof. Further, new
theories have been developed based on old theories. Thus we have a
situation where science today is largely based on theory upon theory.
If something can not be proven, it falls into the realm of philosophy
rather than science. This has led to*..**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/realscience.htm)* *...*
**Science
and media hype:** Any
sudden "revolutionary" scientific discovery, even if such
discovery is written about in every newspaper and scientific journal,
should be greeted with skepticism. Such a discovery should only be
accepted after the bulk of scientists have have had a chance to
review the discovery and confirm that it is in fact correct. Such
things that come to mind include cold fusion, the so called "God
Particle" and even the recent stated discovery of a
"gravitational wave". All too often such media hype has
come and gone without any real discovery or fundamental change. *.**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/mediahype.htm)**...*
**What
percentage of information, contained in science books is accurate
and true? Are we in a post science period?**Many
science books today present *..**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/realscience.htm)* *...*
**It
is time to retest scientific properties. Verify results.** I
suggest that the properties of all materials be re-tested using
modern technology and certify the results. Melting and boiling
points, conductivity, hardness, and all physical properties of
materials should be re-tested *..**.**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/retest.htm)* *...*
**Honesty
and** **integrity** **in sc****ientific
research** **is
essential** **in
order to** **advance our** **knowledge
base****.** When
a scientist has worked for years to prove a particular theory and
finds out that their work has been in vain, it is difficult to admit
that their original assumptions were wrong. Still it is vitally
important *..**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/honestscience.htm)* *...*
**Collapse
in the standard of living** I believe
that the standard of living in the United States was highest in the
early 1960's. In 1962, the average 35 year old working man was able
to support a wife, 3 or 4 children, own a house in the suburbs, have
2 cars and had enough money to go on a vacation once or twice a year.
Today, it takes two highly educated people working to buy a small one
or two bedroom coop or condo, car ownership is rare and they can only
afford to have one or two children at best.*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/tradeagreements.htm)*
**The
need for a** **$40 per hour** **m****inimum
wage?***[read
more](http://www.didik.com/minimumwage.htm)*
**Automation
and robotics will help return businesses to the United States.**
With new automation and robotics, which requires less employees, it
is now possible for most American Based companies to return
manufacturing to the United States, with the benefit of lower
production costs, lower shipping costs and a safer business climate,
when compared with outsourced manufacturing. *-February
14, 2018*
**Internet
free speech and censorship**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage8.htm#freespeech)
**The
Downside of Robotics** Robotics will
bring about a fundamental change in society. Millions of jobs will be
lost, but only a few, high end jobs will be created. Most former
employees will not be employable in this new environment. The same
occurred in England in the early 1800's with the industrial
revolution. High end weaving jobs were lost after the introduction of
high speed looms. Another example is the computer revolution from the
late 1960's till the mid 1980's and on till today eliminated the need
for thousands of office clerks. *- May
5, 2019*
**Frank
Didik's**
**Thoughts
on how the world will change in the** **future**
No one
really knows what the future will be like and rarely have predictions
made in the past, become a reality in the same way that it was
predicted. Nevertheless, certain generalities of what might happen,
can be foreseen based on what is happening today
*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
1. In the future,
robotics will change society and millions will lose their jobs ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
2. In the future,
robotic friends, including intimate friends will prevail ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
3. In the future,
dating and marriage may greatly decline *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
4. In the future,
populations may drastically decline *...**[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
5. In the future,
pet ownership will decline *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
6. In the future,
natural child birth may decline *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
7. In the future,
Licenses may be required to have children ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
8. In the future,
virtual living will take precedence to real life *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
9. In the future,
aroma, heat, wind, moisture and taste will all be recorded *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
10. In the future,
wealth will be concentrated among a tiny group of people *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
11. In the future,
technological advancement may slow down ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
12. In the future,
planets will not be colonized *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
13. In the future,
people will travel less in the future ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
14. In the future,
transportation networks will gradually be reduced ..*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
15. In the future,
there will be a Loss of optimism for their future ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
16. In the future,
people will rarely interact, face to face ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
17. In the future,
microscopic robotic "bacteria" will be injected into the
body to cure diseases and repair or remove internal body issues ..*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
18. In the future,
robots will perform medical procedures including surgery *[more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
19. In the future,
doctors will be able to operate from anywhere on the planet ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
20. Radically
changed moral values and decline in human dignity awaits us in the
future ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
21. In the future,
society may gradually fall into a stagnant, non advancing epic ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
22. Future crises
in Human Dignity ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
23. In the future,
medicines will be specifically designed for the individual ...*[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
24. In the future,
robots will do most factory work and manual labor, including farming
and cooking, as well as the jobs of professionals such as doctors and
accounting, just to mention a few chores and will cause the loss of
millions of jobs and make large populations unnecessary .. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage4.htm)*
*---Predictions
for the future by Frank X. Didik,* *December
2, 2016*
**BITCOIN:**
Bitcoins are backed by nothing more than the gullibility and wishful
thinking of the Bitcoin holder.
I believe that the
Bitcoin rise in value is akin to the Dutch Tulip craze in the early
1600's and that a massive decline in value is imminent.
**Foreign
manufactured products versus American manufactured products:**
American's will never buy an American made product if the same or
similar foreign products is sold at a lower price. This means that
manufacturing jobs will never return to the United States, unless
there is an import tax, however import taxes will violate most of
America's NAFTA and GAT treaties. Any talk of manufacturing jobs
returning to America without import taxes is simply idle banter.
**The
Safety of Plastics.**
Over the past 30 years, there has been a massive increase in the
number of human ailments such as Alzheimer's, breast cancer, prostate
cancer, autism, declining fertility, and other ailments. Some people
say that the cause is actually better diagnosis, while others blame
processed foods, GMO foods, pesticides, wifi, cell phones,
vaccinations and other outside influences. During this period, there
has been a rapid increase of various plastic packaging for food,
water and even clothing made out of polyester and other plastics,
with a decline in 100% natural fibers such as cotton and wool.
Studies should be conducted regarding the safety of these new
materials, as well as the fabric dyes and determine if such chemicals
can be absorbed by the skin and if they have any type of long range
human effect. *-February
14, 2018*
**[Cell
Phone Etiquette](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm)**
Advice for the modern person *-
December* *9,
2016* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_cell_phone_etiquette.htm)*
**Time
to rethink bike lanes** Advice for bicyle based
cities *- August
3**,
2016* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/frankdidik_oped_bicycle_etiquette.htm)*
**The** **common
phrase,** **"It's
all good" ... is all wrong.** All
is not good. There is an absolute right and an absolute wrong and
this is not culturally or time dependent. If you see someone going
down the wrong path in life, it is essential that you vocalize your
concerns and offer to help that individual. I am a moral absolutist
and not a moral relativist.
**Producing
the very best and most effective TV commercials**
The single purpose of a television commercial is to sell the product
or service. The fact that an advertisement might be interesting,
funny, informative or well produced is secondary to the main purpose,
which is to sell the product or service. One should never leave the
creation of the television commercial to the television producer or
the video editor. *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#tvcommercials)* *...*
**Building
the most effective business websites** Never
let a "web designer" develop the website for you. A web
designer should be produce the website under the supervision of an on
line marketing master, usually working with *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#websites)*
| |
From the right,
Frank Didik, Dr. Eric Bitterman, Chairman of Deutsche Welle, Dr.
Joachim Reppmann, and publisher Walter at the Von Steuben formal
event in New York City. Though Frank Didik does not have any German
background, he enjoys the inginuety and drive of the German people.
**Subway
Safety-Subway Gate** Subway Safety Barriers:
Every year hundreds of people are killed or severely injured when
they fall onto the tracks of trains and subways. The prevention is
cost efficient and greatly reduces liability *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/subway/subwaygate.htm#college)* *...*
**Greatly
reduce train noise** A significant
amount of train noise is caused by the train wheels rolling over the
expansion joint of the tracks. This vibration creates noise,
vibrations, an less pleasant ride and also reduces the life cycle of
the train. The solution is relatively simple and cost effective*...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/subway/quiettracks.htm#college)* *...*
Frank
X. Didik with former NYC Mayor Bill DeBlasio and first lady Chirlane
McCray, at Gracy Mansion in Manhattan.
**Digital
Currency will represent a loss of freedom and privacy.** Digital
Currency will mean the total control of your money by the
government. Thus what you (are permitted to) buy will be under the
complete control of the government. Further, everything you do and
buy will be known to the government and anyone who has access to this
information. Thus everything that you buy or sell or are permitted to
buy or sell will be known and potentially controlled. *-April 11, 2023*
**The
power and effect of interest.** Many people do not
understand the true cost and effect of interest over time. For
example, if you put $10 in a bank account you will have the following
after 100 years:
At
3% interest, compounded yearly: $192.19
At
6% interest compounded yearly: $3,393.02
At
8% interest compounded yearly: $21,997.61
As you see,
doubling the interest rate, vastly increases the amount you either
get from interest or have to pay in interest. This is why when the
central bank increases interest rates, it matters so much and can
have such a massive effect in the economy or commerce. *-April
1**2**,
2023*
**The
playgrounds are empty** **but** **the dog runs are full.**
No children, only dogs.I
have noticed that in New York City, the playgrounds are empty but
the dog runs are full. People are no longer getting married, and
having families. Where will this all lead to? When I was a child
growing up in NYC, there were children everywhere and the stores
catered to families, rather than individual single people. The best
boutiques along Madison Avenue on Manhattan's upper east side, always
had play areas for the children, so that the children could play,
while the mothers shopped. We children knew which stores had the best
toys and demanded to go to those stores, which in most cases, were
the most expensive stores! A sizable
portion of the population are no longer getting married and forming
families, but *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#playgrounds)*
**It
is essential to maintain law and order in** **New
York City** There
has been a type of collapse of law and order in NYC. Shoplifting is
rampant, with little chance of punishment, even if caught.
Shoplifting is so prevalent that some stores have simply closed their
businesses. Unfortunately, the recent state law that removes the bail
requirement for many smaller crimes has given the green light to
criminals to continue their criminality.
Besides the
shoplifting and new bail rules, New York City has become like the
wild west when it comes to motorcycles. Today, very few motorcycles
seem to even have license plates, which means that they are probably
uninsured, unlicensed, and unqualified to even be riding. Further the
motorcycles rarely obey traffic laws and almost always go through red
lights, ride on the sidewalk or ride the wrong way down one way
streets. In the past, Police commissioner Bratton and others
maintained that by enforcing smaller regulations, the larger laws
also benefit.
We must have
reasonable police enforcement in New York City and certainly let us
not even consider reducing funding to the NYPD. Let the NYPD do their job.
**The
term "White** **Privilege****"
is a racist term, on the same level as the "N" word**
and only serves to create racial tension, towards whites. Needless to
say, there are both poor and wealthy whites. All people should be
treated with respect, regardless of their race or physical
appearance. It is essential to individualize, rather then judge an
entire group of people, as though they are all the same. The
derogatory term of "White Privilege" should never be used
by politicians, in the press or used in schools and the term should
be allowed to die out.
**Down** **Syndrome****.** Did you know
that there are some people with Down Syndrome who are geniuses? *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#down)*
**Natural
Gas** **substitutes**
Before 1947 in the
USA and late 1960's in Europe, countries used first wood gas and then
later coal gas, as this plant in Seatle, Washington prouced till the
mid 1950's *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas)*
**Natural
Gas.** Europe and
many other countries around the world are concerned about shortages
of natural gas but there are many
substitutes for *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas)*
Wood gas was also
used to power cars, trucks and buses when gasoline was not available
in Europe and Japan during World War 2. *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#naturalgas)*
**Bike** **Registration**Though
I am a strong believer that less government is best government, the
time has come to register and insure bicycles and to make sure that
bicyclist obey traffic rules. This is particularly necessary in
crowded urban areas. With the proliferation of bicycles, more and
more accidents and related injuries are occurring to both the cyclist
as well as pedestrians. A basic form of a license plate for bicycles
as well as liability insurance is clearly necessary.
**Can
a draw bridge be an example of true** **democracy****?** *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#drawbridge)*
**Fads
come and go.** Today,the fad is **clown
colored hair, body graffiti, extensive facial shrapnel and torn jeans**,
ultra tight "yoga pants" *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#fads)*
**The
"Frank Didik" penny theory** to
analyze the state of the economy *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#penny)*
**Either** **g****old
is over valued or silver is under valued**,
based on historic ratio's *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#gold)*
**Libraries
have lost their purpose.** *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/various1.htm#library)*
**Massive
surpluses in society**
Industry has produced massive surpluses Since the start of the
Industrial Revolution, 230 years ago, society has gradually managed
to ever increase productivity and surpluses. Today, these surpluses
are so great that I estimate that only 20% of the population can
support themselves and the rest of the population. This assumption
was proven essentially correct with the Covid/Corona lockdowns when
it was estimated that over 50% of the population was not working and
yet society did not experience any shortages in any area. Further,
with the robotic and artificial intelligence revolution just around
the corner, even greater surpluses will be achieved and even less
workers/employees will be needed. This leads to the question of how
to deal with the vast number of people who's work will no longer be
needed? If the present monetary system continues, perhaps a basic,
livable income will necessary, though in general, I am not in favor
of the idea, since I have always felt that everyone should be
required to carry their own weight in society and further, give back
to society. There are some who feel that the population should be
reduced by discouraging the formation of families, encouraging single
life, birth control, abortion, same sex unions encouraging latter age
marriage and other methods. Most non-retail businesses can easily
survive with less than 50% of their work force.
**Wh****ere
have all the insects and birds gone?**
Just a few years ago, when I would drive in the country, my
windshield would be covered with insects that had hit the car. This
simply does not happen anymore. Has the insect population somehow
died out? No one seems to talk about this. Has insecticides or
plastics or radio transmissions somehow effected them? Further, I
have noticed a large drop in the number of birds that we have in the
cities as well as in the countryside. It seems that we are headed
towards, a silent spring.
*Frank
Didik's* *opinion*
On
Education
**Rethinking
school and our education system**
**Should
everyone attend college or university?** *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#college)* *...*
**W****isdom****:**
I believe that wisdom can not be taught, but rather wisdom is a
unique gift of understanding that a person is born with.
**Can** **a
college or a university** **really teach a person to be a** **businessman** **or an artist or good in any particular field?** *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#creative)* *...*
**How
come all college undergraduate degree's** **require four year****s****?** Should some degrees require only one
year while others perhaps six years?*...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#fouryears)* *...*
**Weak
Students****:**
I have long believed that in a classroom environment, the weak
student holds the better students back. The idea of putting a weak
student with better students is a disservice to both the weak as well
as the better students. It should also be recognized that not all
people have the same ability and potential in every field. Two
individuals completing the same university program and having the
same grades and degree, does not make them equal in ability and
potential. Students should not be told that they can succeed at
anything that they try to do.
**What
courses should and should not be taught at college or university?** Can
college or a university teach a person how to be a good business
person, or how to be creative? *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage2.htm#nocollege)* *...*
**Teaching:** I
feel that it is not possible to teach a person to be creative or a
good businessman and the same applies to many other fields. You can
only expose that person to what has already been done and the current
understanding of the tools and materials of the trade and perhaps
with this understanding, the student can expand upon this knowledge.
**Learning:** My
view is that almost all learning is through observation and
questioning. This underscores the importance of parents to teach
their children and expose their children to the parents daily lives.
In today's society, most parents are forced to work and thus the
child has only limited exposure to the richness of the parents
understanding of things. I would also argue that when a parent is
walking with a child, that the parent should not be using their cell
phone or texting and instead be devoting their full attention to the
child. Schools, as they exist today, have a limited ability to truly
train/educate a student and most of what is taught to the student is
repeated over and over with little practical use for the student
after graduation. So many students today study for years and yet
after graduation, never use what they have learned or what they have
learned is of little relevance to their lives.
**The
playgrounds are empty** **but** **the dog runs are full.** No
children, only dogs.I
have noticed that in New York City, the playgrounds are empty but the
dog runs are full. People are no longer getting married, and having
families. Where will this all lead to? When I
was a child growing up in NYC, there were children everywhere and the
stores catered to families, rather than individual single people. The
best boutiques along Madison Avenue on Manhattan's upper east side,
always had play areas for the children, so that the children could
play, while the mothers shopped. We children knew which stores had
the best toys and demanded to go to those stores, which in most
cases, were the most expensive stores!
**Wh****ere
have all the twenty something year olds gone?**
Strolling
down fashionable Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City recently,
it struck me how the average age of the crowded streets seems older
than in the past. I would guess that the average age of the people I
saw was around 35 years old. Twenty years ago, the average age would
have been probably around 25 years old. Why? I will further guess
that the answer is that many people are postponing marriage and
having far fewer children. Perhaps the high student debt or perhaps
women seeking careers over family or perhaps the hook-up culture is
the culprit. Regardless, this does not bode well for the future and
increasing family commitments is a must for a healthy society. ---
Feb 11, 2019
**The
aging population is a sad, worldwide industrial nation phenomenon.**
I am in Tokyo for a few days and have been here many times before. In
2002, I would guess that the average age on the street was about 24
years old. Today, I would guess the average age is about 35 years
old. --- Feb 26, 2019
**Immigration:**
Almost all countries consider what perspective immigrants can do for
their country and if those immigrants will contribute or be a burden
on their society and also evaluate if the potential immigrant will
blend in with their existing culture. Perhaps the United States
should take the same approach. ---Feb 11, 2019
**Life
forever?** It is
interesting that life never really dies in that life continues,
uninterrupted with the offspring. Science has never observed life
emerging from minerals or non living elements. ---Feb 11, 2019
**Investing
in Startups. Good idea or bad?** Is
investing in a Startup, that has never proven itself in the market
place, a good idea or a waste of money (and talent)? Historically,
investors invested in companies that were swamped with orders and
making money, but needed additional money to *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#startup)* *...*
**Most
efficient brain-storming method** and
how to make morning office meetings more productive and interesting *...* *[read
more](http://www.didik.com/thoughtsbyfrankdidikpage3.htm#brainstorm)* *...*
**Good
Citizenship**
**and
respect for our fellow human beings.**
**I****mportant** **quotes from my friends from around the world, that I completely agree
with and I am sure that most people would as well:**
**"Do
not generalize, but rather individualize."*****--***Daniela
D. in Germany, who works for the German diplomatic Chancellery.
**"Never
get angry with anyone. Who knows, perhaps one day that person will
save the world!"** **--**Yuka
S., who works for Aoyama University in Tokyo (and Kanagawa).
**"It
is important to always remember** **that** **every person you encounter has their own goals and aspirations,
trails and tribulations and deserves equal respect."*****--***Sue
Ann M. in Durham, North Carolina.
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<font size="5"><b>You Don't Really Know Me</b></font><br>
<font size="4"><i><b>Why Mothers and Daughters Fight and How Both
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<br>
<div align="left"><font size="4">Welcome to <a href="http://www.MotherInLawStories.com" style="color: #336600">
<b>www.MotherInLawStories.com</b></a>. Our aim is to provide you
with a place to <b><i>Take a story or Leave a story</i></b> about your
favorite relatives. While mothers-in-law usually provide us with
a lot of good material, feel free to share the adventures of <b><i>any
other family member</i></b> who steps up to the plate. These pages
are intended to amuse you as well as to provide you with a place to relieve
your family induced stress. With your help, we hope to provide a
humorous look at the world of in-laws.<br>
<br>
We want to hear <u><i><b>your</b></i></u> experience, whether it involves
your engagement, wedding (or divorce), a holiday dinner, a gift you received,
a comment, or a frustrating phone call (may we suggest caller ID), etc.
Please feel free to submit as many as you'd like (the more the merrier).<br>
<br>
For example, here are a few of the mother-in-law stories previously submitted
(and, of course, many thanks to <b><i> all</i></b> our contributors, whose
stories can be seen via the links on this page):<br>
<br>
</font></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td valign="baseline" width="6%"><img src="bd14531_.gif"
width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td>
<td valign="top" width="94%"><font size="4">My in-laws came to visit
on the day I brought my son home from the hospital. I'd had
a c-section and wasn't ready to move around a great deal, but they
all wanted pizza for dinner. So they made it. From scratch.
When I looked out in the kitchen, there was flour everywhere.
And, though I had a dishwasher, they were piling all the dishes in
the sink, just so I (according to MIL), "could wash them up when
I was up and feeling better."<br>
<br>
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="baseline" width="6%"><img src="bd14531_.gif"
width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td>
<td valign="top" width="94%"><font size="4">At our wedding, my mother-in-law
asked me (the bride), and her other daughter-in-law and son-in-law
to step out of the pictures so the photographer (who we were paying
for) could take some pictures of "<b><i>her</i></b> family".
So, there I was, the bride, standing on the side, watching her set
up pictures of "<b><i>her</i></b> family". Her son-in-law
told me to get used to it, as she does this at all occasions (I still
can't get used to it!).<br>
<br>
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="baseline" width="6%"><img src="bd14531_.gif"
width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td>
<td valign="top" width="94%"><font size="4">After over 18 years, 3 children,
and the usual problems in a marriage, my husband and I have survived.
Now, my mother-in-law told me straight out that he should kick me
out on the street. She is very blunt about this to my children
as well. My youngest comes back to me and asks why "gramma
wants daddy to kick you out." My husband is spineless when
it comes to her. There are also 5 sisters that support my mother-in-law
in her decisions. I have told her to stay out of our lives,
but I was never rude, just firm. I have even brought the children
up to see her, but they are getting to the point they don't want anything
to do with her either. I will not make them visit her.
To top it off, I am disabled and cannot do anything to please her.
She thinks I am "faking it", and does not understand why
I do not work.</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div align="left" style="line-height: 150%"><font size="5"><br>
If you can "relate" to any of these stories, we hope to hear
from you. Next time you are fuming, visit us and find a sympathetic
ear. Writing your story can be therapeutic. Reading one can
be enlightening as well as entertaining. Please tell a friend about
us, too. We welcome your comments and suggestions. We will
post the (appropriate) input we receive (as time and space permits).
Your stories will remain anonymous, as in the examples above.</font><br>
<br>
</div>
<div align="center"><font size="5"><b>Click here to see <a style="color: #336600"
href="mother-in-law_stories_rdr_today.htm">The Latest Mother-In-Law Stories.</a></b><br>
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<font size="5"><b>The Sister Knot</b></font><br>
<font size="4"><i><b>Why We Fight, Why We're Jealous, and Why We'll
Love Each Other No Matter What</b></i></font></a> <br>
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Welcome to [**www.MotherInLawStories.com**](http://www.MotherInLawStories.com). Our aim is to provide you
with a place to ***Take a story or Leave a story*** about your
favorite relatives. While mothers-in-law usually provide us with
a lot of good material, feel free to share the adventures of ***any
other family member*** who steps up to the plate. These pages
are intended to amuse you as well as to provide you with a place to relieve
your family induced stress. With your help, we hope to provide a
humorous look at the world of in-laws.
We want to hear ***your*** experience, whether it involves
your engagement, wedding (or divorce), a holiday dinner, a gift you received,
a comment, or a frustrating phone call (may we suggest caller ID), etc.
Please feel free to submit as many as you'd like (the more the merrier).
For example, here are a few of the mother-in-law stories previously submitted
(and, of course, many thanks to ***all*** our contributors, whose
stories can be seen via the links on this page):
| | |
| --- | --- |
| bullet | My in-laws came to visit
on the day I brought my son home from the hospital. I'd had
a c-section and wasn't ready to move around a great deal, but they
all wanted pizza for dinner. So they made it. From scratch.
When I looked out in the kitchen, there was flour everywhere.
And, though I had a dishwasher, they were piling all the dishes in
the sink, just so I (according to MIL), "could wash them up when
I was up and feeling better."
|
| bullet | At our wedding, my mother-in-law
asked me (the bride), and her other daughter-in-law and son-in-law
to step out of the pictures so the photographer (who we were paying
for) could take some pictures of "***her*** family".
So, there I was, the bride, standing on the side, watching her set
up pictures of "***her*** family". Her son-in-law
told me to get used to it, as she does this at all occasions (I still
can't get used to it!).
|
| bullet | After over 18 years, 3 children,
and the usual problems in a marriage, my husband and I have survived.
Now, my mother-in-law told me straight out that he should kick me
out on the street. She is very blunt about this to my children
as well. My youngest comes back to me and asks why "gramma
wants daddy to kick you out." My husband is spineless when
it comes to her. There are also 5 sisters that support my mother-in-law
in her decisions. I have told her to stay out of our lives,
but I was never rude, just firm. I have even brought the children
up to see her, but they are getting to the point they don't want anything
to do with her either. I will not make them visit her.
To top it off, I am disabled and cannot do anything to please her.
She thinks I am "faking it", and does not understand why
I do not work. |
If you can "relate" to any of these stories, we hope to hear
from you. Next time you are fuming, visit us and find a sympathetic
ear. Writing your story can be therapeutic. Reading one can
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post the (appropriate) input we receive (as time and space permits).
Your stories will remain anonymous, as in the examples above.
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[The Sister Knot, Apter
**The Sister Knot**
***Why We Fight, Why We're Jealous, and Why We'll
Love Each Other No Matter What***](http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=y&EAN=9780393060584&itm=1&lkid=J15046607&pubid=K120241&byo=1)
[Secret Paths: Women in the New Midlife
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***Women in the New Midlife***](http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=y&EAN=9780393315004&itm=7&lkid=J15046930&pubid=K120241&byo=1)
[Working Women Don't Have Wives, Dr. Terri Apter
**Working Women Don't Have Wives**
***Professional Success in the 1990'S***](http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=y&EAN=9780312125608&itm=8&lkid=J15046923&pubid=K120241&byo=1)
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ALTEXXANET's goal is to provide a glimpse into the Internet of the 90's. Our World Wide Web site is created using basic HTML, and we also offer free access to the following hosted services:
* [NNTP (Usenet)](/usenet.html)
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* [Gopher](/gopher.html)
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**Why does ALTEXXANET exist?**
ALTEXXANET started as a personal project using Altexxa Group computing resources, and also ties in closely with the Higher Intellect project which collects and preserves old documents and software. ALTEXXANET is a fun escape for those of us who remember what the Internet was like decades ago. The services running under ALTEXXANET are free for public use. To get started, you may need to access client software found in our [downloads](/downloads.html) area in order to connect to ALTEXXANET services.
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Aside from various chat messages between users, the ALTEXXANET services will offer access to a selection of old text files and Mac/PC based freeware and shareware software. Feel free to download anything you'd like. |
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<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT COLOR="#FFFF00" SIZE="+1">Wooden Church, Lofoten Islands, Norway</FONT></P>
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<FONT COLOR="FF0000" SIZE=+3>Words of Wisdom and Folly</FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="FF0000" SIZE=+2>by and about</FONT><BR>
<FONT COLOR="FF0000" SIZE=+3>Barbers and Hair</FONT>
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<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Don't ask the barber whether you need a haircut.<BR>
<I>Daniel S. Greenberg</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Barber's Maxim: You can only scalp a customer once, but you can give him a haircut every two weeks.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Work Rule: Any employee who smokes Spanish cigars, uses liquor in any form, or frequents pool and public halls, or gets shaved in a barber shop, will give me good reasons to suspect his worth, intentions, integrity and honesty.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Barbers first learn to shave by shaving fools.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A barber is the only person whose conversation you can follow, even though he talks over your head.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A commuter shaves and takes the train, and then rides back to shave again.<BR>
<I>E. B. White</I></font><P align="center">
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You can learn to draw cartoons with <a href=http://swooper.66666.hop.clickbank.net target=_top>this book</a></font>
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<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">You have to be as fully prepared for the dull game as you are for the great game, or else you won't be prepared for the great one.<BR>
<I>Red Barber</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">You're only as good as your last haircut.<BR>
<I>Susan Lee</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">So long as gray hairs can be counted, they don't count.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Anti-Victim Device (AVD):<BR>
A small fashion accessory worn on an otherwise conservative outfit which announces to the world that one still has a spark of individuality burning inside: 1940s retro ties and earrings (on men), feminist buttons, noserings (women), and now almost completely extinct teeny weeny rattail haircut (both sexes).<BR>
<I>Douglas Coupland, Generation X</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Two heads are better than one, especially in a barber shop.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Any man who argues with his barber should have his head examined.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A barber will give you a quick shave if you haven't time to listen to a haircut.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Pity the poor barber who cuts hair all day long, then has to go home and mow the lawn.<P>
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<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I never knew the old gentlemen with the scythe and hour-glass bring anything but grey hairs, thin cheeks, and loss of teeth.<BR>
<I>John Dryden</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I'd love to, but I have to wash/condition/perm/curl/tease/torment my hair.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">If truth is beauty, how come no one has their hair done in the library?<BR>
<I>Lily Tomlin</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barber's razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head, and upon thy beard.<BR>
<I>Book of Ezekiel, Chap. 5, Verse 1.</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Opportunity has hair in front, but behind she is bald; if you seize her by the forlock, you may hold her, but if suffered to escape, not Jupiter himself can catch her again.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">During middle age, a man gets less for his money every time he goes to the barber.<P align="center">
<font color="#FF00FF" face="Trebuchet MS" size="2">
You can find lots more jokes of all kinds at <a href="http://JokeParty.com"> JokeParty.com</a></font><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Beware the woman who starts stroking your hair...she may be after your scalp.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">When a woman worries too much about gray hair, she sometimes turns blond overnight.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Rebellion Postponement:<BR>
The tendency in one's youth to avoid traditionally youthful activities and artistic experiences in order to obtain serious career experience. Sometimes results in the mourning for lost youth at about age thirty, followed by silly haircuts and expensive joke-inducing wardrobes.<BR>
<I>Douglas Coupland, Generation X</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A fine head of hair adds beauty to a good face, and terror to an ugly one.<BR>
<I>Lycurgus</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The very hairs of your head are all numbered.<BR>
<I>Book of Matthew, chap. 10 verse 30</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Our heads are some brown, some black, some auburn, and some bald.<BR>
<I>Shakespeare, Coriolanus.</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Santa Claus wears a Red Suit,<BR>
He must be a communist.<BR>
And a beard and long hair,<BR>
Must be a pacifist.<BR>
What's in that pipe that he's smoking?<BR>
<I>Arlo Guthrie</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Never get up in the morning with a long face, or you will have that much more to shave.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A hair in the head is worth two in the brush.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The good die young, and the old dye for various reasons.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Both sexes have their hair problems. With women it's tint, with men it's 'tain't.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Still, no matter what Webster's says, to me a date is going out with a guy you like, and he opens the doors for me, and I comb my hair and try to be civilized. A date is planned out in advance, so you have plenty of time to get nervous about it.<BR>
<I>Thumper in alt.romance</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The first [barbers] that entered Italy came out of Sicily and it was in the 454 year after the foundation of Rome...The first that was shaven every day was Scipio Africanus, and after him cometh Augustus the Emperor, who evermore used the rasor.<BR>
<I>Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, book vii, section 59</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">That the birds of worry and care fly above your head, this you cannot change, but that they build nests in your hair, this you can prevent.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The 80's - when you couldn't tell hairstyles from chemotherapy.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The degree of a country's development is measured by the ratio of the price of an automobile to that of the cost of a haircut. The lower the ratio, the higher the degree of development.<BR>
<I>Professor Charles P. Issawi</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I must to the barber's, monsieur, for methinks I am marvellous hairy about the face. <BR>
<I>Shakespeare, A Midsummer-Night's Dream</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">When one barber cuts another barber's hair, which one does all the talking?<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The man who worries about his hair getting thin, would worry much more if it started getting fat.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">There's nothing rarer than hearing a person admit that his gray hair isn't premature.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">You are old, father William, the young man said,<BR>
And your hair has become very white;<BR>
And yet you incessantly stand on your head -<BR>
Do you think, at your age, it is right?<P>
In my youth, father William replied to his son,<BR>
I feared it might injure the brain;<BR>
But, now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,<BR>
Why, I do it again and again.<BR>
<I>Lewis Carrol</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Bald, n: hairing impaired<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">If your hair starts to trouble you, don't worry...it will come out all right.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The woman who can't do anything with her hair, could do even less without it.<P align="center">
<font color="#FF00FF" face="Trebuchet MS" size="2">
Here is a book how to <a href=http://swooper.mmerrill.hop.clickbank.net target=_top>Make Women Laugh and Fall in Love</a></font><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Baby's heads have no hair,<BR>
Old men's heads are just as bare;<BR>
Between the cradle and the grave,<BR>
Lies a haircut and a shave.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">You can't judge a book by the way it wears its hair.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Remember the generational battles twenty years ago? Remember all the screaming at the dinner table about haircuts, getting jobs and the American dream? Well, our parents won. They're out living the American dream on some damned golf course in Vero Beach, and we're stuck with the jobs and haircuts.<BR>
<I>P. J. O'Rourke</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">And all should cry, Beware! Beware!<BR>
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!<BR>
Weave a circle round him thrice,<BR>
And close your eyes with holy dread,<BR>
For he on honeydew hath fed,<BR>
And drunk the milk of Paradise.<BR>
<I>"Kubla Khan", Samuel Taylor Coleridge</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The only thing that can stop falling hair is a floor.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Many a youngster's ambition is to grow a beard as soon as he's old enough not to shave.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I don't consider myself bald. I'm simply taller than my hair.<BR>
<I>Tom Sharp</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Well lathered is half shaven.<BR>
<I>Thomas Fuller</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I know I'm going to get old and be one of those crazy women who sits on balconies and spits on people and screams, 'Get a haircut!' I know this, and I don't really fear it. I'd just like to move toward it with as much grace and dignity as possible.<BR>
<I>Carrie Fisher (b.1956), Postcards From the Edge</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Everything comes to the man who waits, including a beard.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Men with hair in the daytime are overdressed.<BR>
<I>Joe Garagiola</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">A man usually shaves his face in the morning when it's his mind that's fuzzy.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Breast Feeding should not be attempted by fathers with hairy chests, since they can make the baby sneeze and give it wind.<BR>
<I>Mike Harding, "The Armchair Anarchist's Almanac"</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Beware of a dark-haired man with a loud tie.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">It seems these two Airmen decided to rob the local 7-11, a stupid move in and of itself. But wait, its stupid to rob a store when you're in the military 'cause the haircut will give you away every time. But wait again, its even stupider to do it in UNIFORM with you NAME emblazoned in 1 inch letters on the front. But wait yet again, its even stupider to tie up the clerk and try and ring up customers' purchases from behind the register while in uniform outside an Air Force base. Especially when your first customer is a Chief Master Sgt.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I am my hair.<BR>
<I>Woman overheard by Roy Blount, Jr.</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">But he shaved with a shell when he chose,<BR>
'Twas the manner of primitive man.<BR>
<I>Andrew Lang, Double Ballad of Primitive Man<BR>
<I>(appeared in Cotgrave's French-English Dictionary, published in 1611)</I><P></I>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Jake liked his women the way he liked his kiwi fruit; sweet yet tart, firm-fleshed yet yielding to the touch, and covered with short brown fuzzy hair.<BR>
<I>Gretchen Schmidt's entry in San Jose State's bad writing contest, 1989</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">I'm not really bald. I'm a hair donor.<BR>
<I>Clifford Kuhn</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Ever hear of those nights when you didn't want to go out but your hair looked too good to stay home?<BR>
<I>Jack Simmons</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">You might be a redneck...if your wife's hairdo was ever destroyed by a ceiling fan.<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">Sam Cohen was a very successful barber whose tonsorial shop happened to be located next door to a bowling alley. Cohen became enamoured with the sport and was determined to get his score over 200 so he began spending more time bowling than barbering. He had started a game with 6 consecutive strikes one afternoon when the political boss of the county tracked him down and demanded an immediate shave. Cohen indignantly pushed him aside, declaring firmly, ..."A bowling Cohen lathers no boss."<P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The best reason I can think of for not being President of the United States is that you have to shave twice a day.<BR>
<I>Adlai Stevenson</I><P>
<IMG SRC="green_dot.gif" width="18" height="18">The most delightful advantage of being bald is that you can hear snowflakes.<BR>
<I>R. G. Daniels</I>
<P align="center"><font color="#FF00FF" face="Trebuchet MS" size="2">
You can find lots more jokes of all kinds at <a href="http://JokeParty.com"> JokeParty.com</a></font>
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Barber Humor Page
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Words of Wisdom and Folly
by and about
Barbers and Hair
Don't ask the barber whether you need a haircut.
*Daniel S. Greenberg*
Barber's Maxim: You can only scalp a customer once, but you can give him a haircut every two weeks.
Work Rule: Any employee who smokes Spanish cigars, uses liquor in any form, or frequents pool and public halls, or gets shaved in a barber shop, will give me good reasons to suspect his worth, intentions, integrity and honesty.
Barbers first learn to shave by shaving fools.
A barber is the only person whose conversation you can follow, even though he talks over your head.
A commuter shaves and takes the train, and then rides back to shave again.
*E. B. White*
You can learn to draw cartoons with [this book](http://swooper.66666.hop.clickbank.net)
You have to be as fully prepared for the dull game as you are for the great game, or else you won't be prepared for the great one.
*Red Barber*
You're only as good as your last haircut.
*Susan Lee*
So long as gray hairs can be counted, they don't count.
Anti-Victim Device (AVD):
A small fashion accessory worn on an otherwise conservative outfit which announces to the world that one still has a spark of individuality burning inside: 1940s retro ties and earrings (on men), feminist buttons, noserings (women), and now almost completely extinct teeny weeny rattail haircut (both sexes).
*Douglas Coupland, Generation X*
Two heads are better than one, especially in a barber shop.
Any man who argues with his barber should have his head examined.
A barber will give you a quick shave if you haven't time to listen to a haircut.
Pity the poor barber who cuts hair all day long, then has to go home and mow the lawn.
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I never knew the old gentlemen with the scythe and hour-glass bring anything but grey hairs, thin cheeks, and loss of teeth.
*John Dryden*
I'd love to, but I have to wash/condition/perm/curl/tease/torment my hair.
If truth is beauty, how come no one has their hair done in the library?
*Lily Tomlin*
And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barber's razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head, and upon thy beard.
*Book of Ezekiel, Chap. 5, Verse 1.*
Opportunity has hair in front, but behind she is bald; if you seize her by the forlock, you may hold her, but if suffered to escape, not Jupiter himself can catch her again.
During middle age, a man gets less for his money every time he goes to the barber.
You can find lots more jokes of all kinds at [JokeParty.com](http://JokeParty.com)
Beware the woman who starts stroking your hair...she may be after your scalp.
When a woman worries too much about gray hair, she sometimes turns blond overnight.
Rebellion Postponement:
The tendency in one's youth to avoid traditionally youthful activities and artistic experiences in order to obtain serious career experience. Sometimes results in the mourning for lost youth at about age thirty, followed by silly haircuts and expensive joke-inducing wardrobes.
*Douglas Coupland, Generation X*
A fine head of hair adds beauty to a good face, and terror to an ugly one.
*Lycurgus*
The very hairs of your head are all numbered.
*Book of Matthew, chap. 10 verse 30*
Our heads are some brown, some black, some auburn, and some bald.
*Shakespeare, Coriolanus.*
Santa Claus wears a Red Suit,
He must be a communist.
And a beard and long hair,
Must be a pacifist.
What's in that pipe that he's smoking?
*Arlo Guthrie*
Never get up in the morning with a long face, or you will have that much more to shave.
A hair in the head is worth two in the brush.
The good die young, and the old dye for various reasons.
Both sexes have their hair problems. With women it's tint, with men it's 'tain't.
Still, no matter what Webster's says, to me a date is going out with a guy you like, and he opens the doors for me, and I comb my hair and try to be civilized. A date is planned out in advance, so you have plenty of time to get nervous about it.
*Thumper in alt.romance*
The first [barbers] that entered Italy came out of Sicily and it was in the 454 year after the foundation of Rome...The first that was shaven every day was Scipio Africanus, and after him cometh Augustus the Emperor, who evermore used the rasor.
*Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, book vii, section 59*
That the birds of worry and care fly above your head, this you cannot change, but that they build nests in your hair, this you can prevent.
The 80's - when you couldn't tell hairstyles from chemotherapy.
The degree of a country's development is measured by the ratio of the price of an automobile to that of the cost of a haircut. The lower the ratio, the higher the degree of development.
*Professor Charles P. Issawi*
I must to the barber's, monsieur, for methinks I am marvellous hairy about the face.
*Shakespeare, A Midsummer-Night's Dream*
When one barber cuts another barber's hair, which one does all the talking?
The man who worries about his hair getting thin, would worry much more if it started getting fat.
There's nothing rarer than hearing a person admit that his gray hair isn't premature.
You are old, father William, the young man said,
And your hair has become very white;
And yet you incessantly stand on your head -
Do you think, at your age, it is right?
In my youth, father William replied to his son,
I feared it might injure the brain;
But, now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,
Why, I do it again and again.
*Lewis Carrol*
Bald, n: hairing impaired
If your hair starts to trouble you, don't worry...it will come out all right.
The woman who can't do anything with her hair, could do even less without it.
Here is a book how to [Make Women Laugh and Fall in Love](http://swooper.mmerrill.hop.clickbank.net)
Baby's heads have no hair,
Old men's heads are just as bare;
Between the cradle and the grave,
Lies a haircut and a shave.
You can't judge a book by the way it wears its hair.
Remember the generational battles twenty years ago? Remember all the screaming at the dinner table about haircuts, getting jobs and the American dream? Well, our parents won. They're out living the American dream on some damned golf course in Vero Beach, and we're stuck with the jobs and haircuts.
*P. J. O'Rourke*
And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!
Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread,
For he on honeydew hath fed,
And drunk the milk of Paradise.
*"Kubla Khan", Samuel Taylor Coleridge*
The only thing that can stop falling hair is a floor.
Many a youngster's ambition is to grow a beard as soon as he's old enough not to shave.
I don't consider myself bald. I'm simply taller than my hair.
*Tom Sharp*
Well lathered is half shaven.
*Thomas Fuller*
I know I'm going to get old and be one of those crazy women who sits on balconies and spits on people and screams, 'Get a haircut!' I know this, and I don't really fear it. I'd just like to move toward it with as much grace and dignity as possible.
*Carrie Fisher (b.1956), Postcards From the Edge*
Everything comes to the man who waits, including a beard.
Men with hair in the daytime are overdressed.
*Joe Garagiola*
A man usually shaves his face in the morning when it's his mind that's fuzzy.
Breast Feeding should not be attempted by fathers with hairy chests, since they can make the baby sneeze and give it wind.
*Mike Harding, "The Armchair Anarchist's Almanac"*
Beware of a dark-haired man with a loud tie.
It seems these two Airmen decided to rob the local 7-11, a stupid move in and of itself. But wait, its stupid to rob a store when you're in the military 'cause the haircut will give you away every time. But wait again, its even stupider to do it in UNIFORM with you NAME emblazoned in 1 inch letters on the front. But wait yet again, its even stupider to tie up the clerk and try and ring up customers' purchases from behind the register while in uniform outside an Air Force base. Especially when your first customer is a Chief Master Sgt.
I am my hair.
*Woman overheard by Roy Blount, Jr.*
But he shaved with a shell when he chose,
'Twas the manner of primitive man.
*Andrew Lang, Double Ballad of Primitive Man
*(appeared in Cotgrave's French-English Dictionary, published in 1611)**
Jake liked his women the way he liked his kiwi fruit; sweet yet tart, firm-fleshed yet yielding to the touch, and covered with short brown fuzzy hair.
*Gretchen Schmidt's entry in San Jose State's bad writing contest, 1989*
I'm not really bald. I'm a hair donor.
*Clifford Kuhn*
Ever hear of those nights when you didn't want to go out but your hair looked too good to stay home?
*Jack Simmons*
You might be a redneck...if your wife's hairdo was ever destroyed by a ceiling fan.
Sam Cohen was a very successful barber whose tonsorial shop happened to be located next door to a bowling alley. Cohen became enamoured with the sport and was determined to get his score over 200 so he began spending more time bowling than barbering. He had started a game with 6 consecutive strikes one afternoon when the political boss of the county tracked him down and demanded an immediate shave. Cohen indignantly pushed him aside, declaring firmly, ..."A bowling Cohen lathers no boss."
The best reason I can think of for not being President of the United States is that you have to shave twice a day.
*Adlai Stevenson*
The most delightful advantage of being bald is that you can hear snowflakes.
*R. G. Daniels*
You can find lots more jokes of all kinds at [JokeParty.com](http://JokeParty.com)
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</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#hans">Hans Rosenthal</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#kurz">RIAS Kurzwellenclub</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#ewald"><strong>Ewalds Schlagerparade</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#history">Radio-History</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#gregor">Gregor Rottschalk</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#portraits">Legenden & Portraits</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#musicbox">RIAS <strong>Musicbox</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#rundschau"><strong>RIAS Aktuell</strong>-Rundschau</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#veit">Ivo Veit</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#treff"><strong>Treffpunkt</strong> RIAS2</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#jazz">Jazz im RIAS</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="timeline_nachrichten.htm" target="_self">Nachrichten <strong>1920-2002</strong></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/graves.htm" target="_self">Barry Graves</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/top1001/880623_rias_top1001_0400_bis_880626_1520.htm" target="_blank">Top1001</a>/<a href="sound4/rias_/top1001/870717_rias_top750_1400_bis_870719_2100.htm" target="_blank">Top750</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#tobias"><strong>Onkel Tobias</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#rundschau">Berlin am Morgen</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#rik">Rik DeLisle</a> </strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles">Jingles * Intros * Outros</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#pinsel"><strong>Pinsel & Schnorchel</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#blende">Die Rückblende</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="rias2.htm#klasse"><strong>Klassengespräche</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#jugend"><strong>Jugendwelle RIAS 2</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200">gesperrt ** Der <strong>Insulaner</strong></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#div2">Div.Sendungen*</a><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wald" target="_blank">Waldbühne</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="rias2.htm#komiker" target="_blank">Komiker-Cocktail</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#mitter">RIAS vor Mitternacht</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#gogo" target="_self"><strong>Evergreens a Go-Go</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="#archiv" target="_blank">DFKultur-Aus den Archiven</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#feature">Features</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#lange">Lange Nächte</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#knudint">Interviews mit Lord Knud </a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#history">Radio History</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#hoer"><strong>Hörspiele</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#ror"><strong>R</strong>ock <strong>o</strong>ver <strong>R</strong>IAS</a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#sdw"><strong>Schlager der Woche</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte200"><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#inter">Rias Rf. International</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="txtcenter" style="font-size: 11px">RIAS-Links: <a href="http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/" target="_blank">Damals war's</a> <a href="http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm" target="_blank">van Dusen</a> <a href="http://rias2-history.de/" target="_blank">rias2-history.de</a> <a href="http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm" target="_blank">a.geffe</a> <a href="http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin" target="_blank">Nero's Page</a> <a href="http://studio89.de" target="_blank">Studio 89</a><br>
<a href="audiokennung.htm" target="_blank">Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen</a> ** Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>Jahr</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>A</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>Länge</em></td>
</table>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="color: blue;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="treff"><strong><strong>Treffpunkt RIAS 2" 1. Sendung August 1962</strong></a><strong><br>
1x monatlich - ab Mai 1966 1x wöchentlich</strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">Jingles</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:15:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000066" target="_blank">Treffpunkt1640 im AFN Studio mit Mark White , Doris und Richard</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:15:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html" target="_blank">Schlager Englisch - "Let It Be" vom April 1970 mit Holly-Jane Rahlens</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r190970" target="_blank">Jimi Hendrix - Kurzportrait mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 19.09.1970</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:08:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000070">Stones-Tournee 1970 * Oktober 1973 * Reportage und Interview von Kai Bloemer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:21:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tbangla">Bangla Desh-Konzert in New York ** Emotionale Reportage von Berry Graves</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#231272" target="_blank"> Kai Bloemer ** mit der Hörerpostbestätigung vom 23.12.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:23:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html">RIAS2 Treffpunkt mit Barry Graves aus 1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:15:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#zoff">Zoff, Gurus, Gaukler, Glitzerstars-Berichte über Rockmusik aus 1973 mit O.Leitner </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:43:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000073" target="_blank">Kai Bloemer ** mit der Hörerpostbestätigung aus 1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#170373" target="_blank">Kai Bloemer Intro/Jingle ( 17.03.1973) + Ausschnitt "Rundschau am Morgen" (18.10.1973) </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:09:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#281273" target="_blank"> Streifzug durch 50 Jahre Ãtherwellen
mit Nero Brandenburg / Harro Zimmer v.28.12.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:19:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tlexikon" target="_blank">Das "Rocklexikon" von Siegfried Schmidt-Joos und Barry Graves * und noch andere SpäÃe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:25:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#071274" target="_blank"> Nero Brandenburg (07.12.74) sowie Gregor Rottschalk (30.11.74)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:10:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tfestival" target="_blank"> Barry Graves ** August 1975 ** Rockmusikfestivals</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:11:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t210177" target="_blank">Poesie des Rock: "Die Anfänge - Elvis & Co" von Holly-Jane Rahlens - 21.01.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:11:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#170877" target="_blank"> Barry Graves - 17.08.1977 (zum Tod von Elvis Presley am 16.08.1977)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:58:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t200978" target="_blank"> Gregor Rottschalk - "10 Jahre Treffpunkt" - Monsterhits 1970 - 20.09.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#080682">RIAS Treffpunkt Spezial ** Rolling Stones auf der Waldbühne ** 08.06.1982 ** gekürzt</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:35:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000078" target="_blank"> Nero Brandenburg</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:31:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t271280" target="_blank"> Uwe Wohlmacher - 27.12.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:59:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t061282" target="_blank"> Gregor Rottschalk - Spezial - "Musik die aus dem Regen kommt" - 06.12.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:31:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t311282" target="_blank"> B.Graves,Joachim Deike,B.Rausch,S.Korsukéwitz,G.Kothy,Th.Petruo,G.Staff-31.12.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">03:07:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t130683" target="_blank"> Gregor Rottschalk / Barry Graves - 13.06.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:32:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t160783" target="_blank">"Southernrock" - Fats Domino Live auf der Waldbühne am 16.07.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:38:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">Hörerpost ** ACDC ** ZigZag ** HiFi-Service ** Poptestival ** PS-Apotheke ua.</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:17:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a261209" target="_blank">© DRKultur 26.12.2009 - Aus den Archiven "RIAS Treffpunkt"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2009</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:56:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="dlf.html#031019">Corso - Kunst & Pop * Spezial: Popkultur 89 â RIAS, DT64 und die Wende vom 03.10.19</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2019</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:25:25</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="txtcenter" style="font-size: 11px">RIAS-Links: <a href="http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/" target="_blank">Damals war's</a> <a href="http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm" target="_blank">van Dusen</a> <a href="http://rias2-history.de/" target="_blank">rias2-history.de</a> <a href="http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm" target="_blank">a.geffe</a> <a href="http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin" target="_blank">Nero's Page</a> <a href="http://studio89.de" target="_blank">Studio 89</a><br>
<a href="audiokennung.htm" target="_blank">Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen</a> ** Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname</em></td>
<td class="txtcenter"><em>Jahr</em></td>
<td class="txtcenter"><em>A</em></td>
<td class="txtcenter"><em>Länge</em></td>
</table>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="color: blue;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><strong><a id="sdw"></a>Schlager der Woche" W.Behrendt, Fred Ignor, Charlie Hickman, Lord Knud✟<br>
<a href="#sdw">1956 - 1969</a> ***** <a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#geschichte">SdW-Story</a> ***** <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlager_der_Woche_(RIAS)">(Wikipedia von P.Ziermann)</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s301156" target="_blank">0452 SdW - 30.11.1956 mit Fred Ignor</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1956</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:33:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s120757" target="_blank">0472 SdW - 08.07.1957 mit Fred Ignor</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:27:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s060261" target="_blank">0000 SdW - 06.02.1961 mit Fred Ignor & Wolfgang Behrendt - Jubiläum 15 Jahre</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1961</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s210662" target="_blank">0701 SdW - 21.06.1962 mit Fred Ignor - Intro/Outro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1962</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:03:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s030264" target="_blank">0786 SdW - 03.02.1964 mit Fred Ignor</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1964</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:17:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s311066" target="_blank">0928 SdW - 31.10.1966 mit Fred Ignor</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s201067" target="_blank">0978 SdW - 20.10.1967 mit Fred Ignor </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:58:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#hick2" target="_blank">0989 SdW - 08.01.1968 - Ãbergabe SdW von Fred Ignor an Charlie Hickman</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:47:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#hick" target="_blank">1028 SdW - 30.09.1968 / 04.10.1968 letzte Sendung mit Charlie Hickman</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:58:40</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="txtcenter" style="font-size: 11px">RIAS-Links: <a href="http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/" target="_blank">Damals war's</a> <a href="http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm" target="_blank">van Dusen</a> <a href="http://rias2-history.de/" target="_blank">rias2-history.de</a> <a href="http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm" target="_blank">a.geffe</a> <a href="http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin" target="_blank">Nero's Page</a> <a href="http://studio89.de" target="_blank">Studio 89</a><br>
<a href="audiokennung.htm" target="_blank">Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen</a> ** Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>Jahr</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>A</em></td>
<td class="spalte20"><em>Länge</em></td>
</table>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter"><a href="#sdw">1970 - 1974</a></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#120670" target="_blank">???? Schlager der Woche - 12.06.1970</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20"><img src="image/new_klein3.png" alt=""/></td>
<td class="spalte20">00:47:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979#140472" target="_blank">1212 Schlager der Woche - 14.04.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:48:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#170472" target="_blank">1211 Schlager der Woche - 17.04.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979#120572" target="_blank">1214 Schlager der Woche - 12.05.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:12:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#070772" target="_blank">1222 SdW - 07.07.1972 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr*April+Mai+Juni (deutsche Hitparade)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#140772" target="_blank">1231 SdW - 14.07.1972 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr*April+Mai+Juni (internationale Hitparade)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#020373" target="_blank">1256 Schlager der Woche - 12.02.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#030873" target="_blank">1278 Schlager der Woche - 03.08.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#080474" target="_blank">1316 Schlager der Woche - 08.04.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:43:01</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter">1975 - 1978</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s150875" target="_blank">1386 Schlager der Woche - 15.08.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#101075" target="_blank">1395 Schlager der Woche - 10.10.1975 sowie 13.10.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000476" target="_blank">1419 Schlager der Woche - 26.03.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:14:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#230476" target="_blank">1424 Schlager der Woche - 23.04.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:25:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s300776" target="_blank">1436 Schlager der Woche - 30.07.1976 - Halbjahresrückblick</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:12:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s130876" target="_blank">1438 Schlager der Woche - 13.08.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:28:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#210277" target="_blank">1465 Schlager der Woche - 21.02.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:26:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979_.html#100877" target="_blank">1489 Schlager der Woche - 10.08.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s120877" target="_blank">1490 Schlager der Woche - 12.08.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:26:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s060178" target="_blank">1511 Schlager der Woche - 06.01.1978 - Rückblick 1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#sdw290778">0000 Schlager der Woche - 28.07.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:11:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000078__" target="_blank">1550 Schlager der Woche - 06.10.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:59:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#240278" target="_blank">1517 Schlager der Woche - 24.02.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:34:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#061178" target="_blank">1554 Schlager der Woche - 06.11.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s001278" target="_blank">1661 Schlager der Woche - aus 12.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:50</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter">1979 - 1979</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s050179" target="_blank">1563 Schlager der Woche - 05.01.1979 - Rückblick 1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:27:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000279_01" target="_blank">???? Schlager der Woche - 02.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000279_02" target="_blank">???? Schlager der Woche - 02.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:13:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#090279" target="_blank">1568 Schlager der Woche - 09.02.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s140579" target="_blank">1581 Schlager der Woche - 14.05.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#200579" target="_blank">1582 Schlager der Woche - 20.05.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#130779" target="_blank">1590 Schlager der Woche - 13.07.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#270779" target="_blank">1592 Schlager der Woche - 27.07.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#170879" target="_blank">1595 Schlager der Woche - 17.08.1979 + Nachrichten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#280979" target="_blank">1602 Schlager der Woche - 28.09.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"><img src="image/new_klein3.png" alt=""/></td>
<td class="spalte20">01:28:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#001279" target="_blank">1615 Schlager der Woche - 12.1979 - Rückblick 1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"><img src="image/new_klein3.png" alt=""/></td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:23</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter">1980 - 1980</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#040180" target="_blank">1615 Schlager der Woche - 04.01.1980 - Rückblick 1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#180180" target="_blank">1617 Schlager der Woche - 18.01.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#sss000080" target="_blank">???? Schlager der Woche - aus 1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:22:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270180" target="_blank">1618 Schlager der Woche - 27.01.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#100380" target="_blank">1624 Schlager der Woche - 10.03.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:34:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#140480" target="_blank">1629 Schlager der Woche - 14.04.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s000080" target="_blank">1635 Schlager der Woche - 23.05.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:27:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#300580" target="_blank">1643 Schlager der Woche - 20.06.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s140780" target="_blank">1642 Schlager der Woche - 14.07.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000780" target="_blank">1649 Schlager der Woche - 29.08.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s180780" target="_blank">1643 Schlager der Woche - 18.07.1980 + Nachrichten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s010880" target="_blank">1645 Schlager der Woche - 01.08.1980 - Halbjahres-Rückblick</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982html#s150880" target="_blank">1647 Schlager der Woche - 15.08.1980 + Nachrichten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:26:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s290880" target="_blank">1649 Schlager der Woche - 29.08.1980 + Nachrichten </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:33:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s060980" target="_blank">1650 Schlager der Woche - 06.09.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s120980" target="_blank">1651 Schlager der Woche - 12.09.1980 + Nachrichten / RIAS Aktuell Intro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:34:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s101080" target="_blank">1655 Schlager der Woche - 10.10.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:21:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#281180" target="_blank">1662 Schlager der Woche - 28.11.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"><img src="image/new_klein3.png" alt=""/></td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:14</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter">1981 - 1981</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#050181" target="_blank">0000 Schlager der Woche - 05.01.1981 ** Schlager des Jahres 1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000081_" target="_blank">1678 Schlager der Woche - 20.03.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:32:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s230181" target="_blank">1670 Schlager der Woche - 23.01.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270281" target="_blank">1676 Schlager der Woche - 27.02.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:32:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270281" target="_blank">1676 Schlager der Woche - 27.02.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:32:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#070381" target="_blank">1678 Schlager der Woche - 06.03.1981 (Whl. 09.03.1981)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">
<td class="spalte20">01:22:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#200381" target="_blank">1679 Schlager der Woche - 20.03.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:06:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s030481" target="_blank">1681 Schlager der Woche - 03.04.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:34:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270481" target="_blank">1682 Schlager der Woche - 27.04.1981 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s081181" target="_blank">1685 Schlager der Woche - 08.05.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s110581" target="_blank">1685 Schlager der Woche - 08.05.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#290581" target="_blank">1686 Schlager der Woche - 29.05.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:12:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s070881" target="_blank">1698 Schlager der Woche - 07.08.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:28:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s280881" target="_blank">1701 Schlager der Woche - 28.08.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#021081" target="_blank">1706 Schlager der Woche - 02.10.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:28:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#061181" target="_blank">1711 Schlager der Woche - 06.11.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#131181" target="_blank">1712 Schlager der Woche - 13.11.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#281181" target="_blank">0000 Schlager der Woche - 28.11.1981 ** Sondersendung</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">
<td class="spalte20">01:30:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s111281" target="_blank">1716 Schlager der Woche - 11.12.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:11:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s281281" target="_blank">1717 Schlager der Woche - 28.12.1981 - Rückblick 1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#311281" target="_blank">1718 Schlager der Woche - 31.12.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:28</td>
</table>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="4"><strong class="txtcenter">1982 - 1985</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000382" target="_blank">1729 Schlager der Woche - 12.03.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#260382" target="_blank">1730 Schlager der Woche - 19.03.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:28:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#190382" target="_blank">1731 Schlager der Woche - 26.03.1982 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#230482" target="_blank">1734 Schlager der Woche - 23.04.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:00:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s111082" target="_blank">1760 Schlager der Woche - 11.10.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#131282" target="_blank">1769 Schlager der Woche - 13.12.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#201282" target="_blank">1770 Schlager der Woche - 20.12.1982 - Rückblick 1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#240183" target="_blank">1775 Schlager der Woche - 24.01.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s230583" target="_blank">1792 Schlager der Woche - 23.05.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s040783" target="_blank">1798 Schlager der Woche - 04.07.1983 - Rückblick 1. Halbjahr mit Dennis King</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:11:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s110783" target="_blank">1799 Schlager der Woche - 11.07.1983 - mit Dennis King</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:21:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#230983" target="_blank">1808 Schlager der Woche - 23.09.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:07:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s111183" target="_blank">1815 Schlager der Woche - 11.11.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s301283" target="_blank">1823 Schlager der Woche - 30.12.1983 - Rückblick 1983 Teil1</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:31:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s020184" target="_blank">1824 Schlager der Woche - 02.01.1984 - Rückblick 1983 Teil2</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:31:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s270184" target="_blank">1827 Schlager der Woche - 27.01.1984 - Fr 20 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25::55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s020784" target="_blank">1850 Schlager der Woche - 02.07.1984 - Sommerausgabe - Mo 20 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:17:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s000084" target="_blank">1826 Schlager der Woche - 1984/1985 - 3 Ausschnitte ** 16.01.84/20.01.84/20.04.85</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:05:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s281284" target="_blank">1875 Schlager des Woche - 28.12.1984 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr 1984 - Mo 20 Uhr </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s040185" target="_blank">1876 Schlager des Woche - 04.01.1985 - Rückblick 2.Halbjahr 1984 - Mo 20 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s070185" target="_blank">1877 Schlager der Woche - 07.01.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s180385" target="_blank">1887 Schlager der Woche - 18.03.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:07:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#hautnah" target="_blank">Schlager der Woche - Hintergrundsound & Musikbett - Udo Jürgens - Hautnah</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:04:28</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="knudint"><strong>Sendungen und Interviews mit Lord Knud</strong></a><br>
<a href="http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/der-ehemaligige-rias-star-diskjockey-lord-knud-verlor-bein--geld--freunde--job--publikum-und-macht-weiter-leute-in-deutschland-knud-kuntze-muehsame-schritte-zum-regenbogen,10810590,8876778.html" target="_blank">(Artikel Berliner Zeitung)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#knud1967" target="_blank">Lord Knud * Single "Love's A Waiting Game" * "I`m Your Guy" Februar 1967"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#280768" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette - 28.07.1968 (erste Sendung am 07.01.1968)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:34:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#050671" target="_blank">Die Top-Hits der ARD 1971 mit Lord Knud ** 05.06.1971 ** Ausgabe Mai</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#311271" target="_blank">RIAS Silvester-Hits-und-Gags mit Lord Knud & Detlev * 31.12.1971/01.01.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:56:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#060173" target="_blank">Die Top-Hits der ARD 1972 mit Kai Bloemer und Lord Knud ** 04.08.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:56:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#261173" target="_blank">RIAS ** RIAS-Parade-Intro vom 26.11.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#001076" target="_blank">RIAS ** RIAS-Parade-Jingle vom Oktober 1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:02:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#000978" target="_blank">Die Top-Hits der ARD 1978 mit Lord Knud ** 27.09.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s090679" target="_blank">AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - 09.06.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:22:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#790800" target="_blank">AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - 08.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:36:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#301081" target="_blank">RIAS ** RIAS-Parade vom 30.10.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:15:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s000380" target="_blank">AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - März 1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s000680" target="_blank">AntiHitparade mit Frank Zander und Lord Knud - Juni 1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#311080" target="_blank">RIAS ** RIAS-Parade vom 31.10.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:21:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#310584" target="_blank">RIAS-Extra-3 mit Lord Knud vom 31.05.1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#201085" target="_blank">RIAS - Radio-Boutique ** Country mit Lord Knud und Gunter Gabriel vom 20.10.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:59:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s040786" target="_blank">Have A Happy 4th July 1986 ** Unabhängigkeitstag (USA) vom 04.07.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:58:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#040786" target="_blank">RIAS 2 - Popcorn mit Lord Knud vom 04.07.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:11:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radio972" target="_blank">© Radio 97,2 - Interview mit Lord Knud vom 15.02.2005</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2005</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#88vier" target="_blank">© 88vier*Einsprechen Station-ID*19.05.2010 von Peter Z.*88vier Live</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2010</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:02:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radioeins_1" target="_blank">© radioeins-Interview mit Lord Knud 04.09.2011 mit Betina Rust in "Hörbar Rust"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2011</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjPy5VRkD1s">© MDR/RBB*Youtube Kommentar*Lord Knud*Die 30 lustigsten Lieder - XXL</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2011</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:15:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radioeins_2" target="_blank">© radioeins-Interview Lord Knud vom 02.05.2014 mit Meryem Celik "Barfly"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2014</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#rbb" target="_blank">© RBB Ausschnitt aus "Stadt, Rad, Hund" Betina Rust und Lord Knud 19.06.2014</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2014</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:10:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#knud199394">Lord Knud ** 1993 ** Auschnitte aus Rundfunk und Fernsehsendungen</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:14:22</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="gogo">"<strong>Evergreens a Go-Go" mit Lord Knud</strong></a><strong><br>
05.Oktober.1968 bis 02.Juli.1983</strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#310771" target="_blank">Evergreens a Go-Go ** 31.07.1971</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:22:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#200572" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 20.05.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#301272" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 30.12.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:06:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100373" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 10.03.1973 + 11.08.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:05:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#020673" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 02.06.1973 ** mit Dieter Hilsebein</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:14:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#080275" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 08.02.1975 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#180976" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 18.09.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:16:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#041276" target="_blank">Evergreens a Go-Go ** 04.12.1976 ** Weihnachtsausgabe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:60:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#050277" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 05.02.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:15:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/19770215_rias_agogo_01_.mp3" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 15.02.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#011077" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 500ste Sdg. ** Manfred Krug beim Lord nach Ausreise 01.10.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:02:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#171277" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 17.12.1977 ** Weihnachtsausgabe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#241277" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 24.12.1977 ** Weihnachtsausgabe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#231278" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 23.12.1978 ** Weihnachtsausgabe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:48:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/19790519_rias_agogo_.mp3" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 19.05.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:22:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#290979" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 29.09.1979 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:09:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#061079_02" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 06.10.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:30:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#240181" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 24.01.1981 und 07.11.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#240181" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 31.01.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:47:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#140281" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 14.02.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#170281" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 17.02.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#090581" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 09.05.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#031081" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 03.10.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:00:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100482" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 10.04.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:38:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100482" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 18.12.1982 ** Weihnachtsausgabe</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#120783" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** 12.07.1983 **<strong> letzte Sendung</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#undatiert" target="_blank"> Evergreens a Go-Go ** (Undatiert) </a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:40:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#billy" target="_blank"> Evergr. a Go-Go ** Intro: Billy Vaughn "Happy Days Are Here Again"+Intro Weihnachten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/juhnke/841027_830424-831224_evergreens_evergreens_zusammenschnitt_wendt.html" target="_blank">"Evergreens, Evergreens" 2x Horst Wendt-Ausschnitte vom 24.07.-24.12.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/juhnke/fuer_alle_faelle_evergreens.html" target="_blank">"Für alle Fälle Evergreens" Harald Juhnke 1983/1984 (Nachfolge Evergreens A-Go-Go)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">08:00:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="ror"><strong>"Rock over RIAS" mit Walter Bachauer, Barry Graves, Olaf Leitner<br>
Burghard Rausch, Christian Graf von 1975 bis 1984</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="#"> <span class="txtcenter"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></span></a><span class="txtcenter"> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#311275">RoR ** Jahreswechsel - 1975/1976 + Spiegellink</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#311276">RoR ** Rubrik Ausgeflipptes - 31.12.1976 + 3 Jingles + Spiegellink</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:49:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#261277">RoR ** "A History Of British Pop" - Intro - 26.12.1977 - 01.01.1978 + Spiegellink</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:01:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#271278" target="_blank">RoR ** 26.12.1978 bis 31.12.1978 + 5 Kurzhörspiele + Intro 1. Tag</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:17:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/discodrom/790808-11_discodrom.html" target="_blank">RoR ** "Discodrom" vom 6.-12.08.1979 + Jingles + Intro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">09:32:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#wave" target="_blank">RoR ** "New Wave Festival - Blick in die Zukunft" * 21.07.1980 - 26.07.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">05:56:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#020181" target="_blank">RoR ** "25 Jahre Rock & Roll" 02. bis 04.01.1981 ** 8 Stunden</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">07:54:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#281281" target="_blank">RoR ** 28.12.1981 bis 03.01.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">12:47:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#000084" target="_blank">RoR ** "Spiele,Stile,Stars,Tendenzen" ** Weise Kaninchen und verückte Hunde</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">02:33:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#0002" target="_blank">RoR ** "Punkrock" vom 05.09.1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#0003" target="_blank">RoR ** verschiedene Ausschnitte (Outro+Testton Sendepause+Tanzpalast 1985)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198?</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a251209" target="_blank">RoR ** © DRKultur-Aus den Archiven "Rock over RIAS" Olaf Leitner vom 25.12.2009</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2009</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#091119" target="_blank">RoR ** © NDR-Kultur "Rock over RIAS" Olaf Leitner mit Petra Riess am 09.11.2019</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2019</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:13:47</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="lange"><strong>"Lange Nächte" mit Olaf Leitner,
Walter Bachauer, Burghard Rausch</strong></a><strong><br>
Dennis King, S.S.-Joos, Christian Graf, Barry Graves, Uwe Wohlmacher</strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#elvis" target="_blank">Lange Nacht des <strong>Elvis Aron Presley</strong> aus 1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">05:24:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#190681" target="_blank">Lange Nacht des Blues vom 19.05.1981 mit <strong>Alexis korner&Tony Sheridan&Steve Baker</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:36:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#lennon" target="_blank">Lange Nacht des <strong>John Lennon</strong> vom Dezember 1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">05:34:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#stones" target="_blank">Lange Nacht der <strong>Rolling Stones</strong> vom 17.07.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">03:03:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="graves"></a><strong>Barry Graves (RIAS, Radio B1, Radio Fritz, SFB, Radio4U)<br>
(Jürgen Deutschmann) <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_89" target="_blank">Link zu: Wikipedia</a> <a href="http://studio89.de" target="_blank">& Studio 89</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="graves.htm" target="_self">Barry Graves Site mit RIAS + SSB-Mitschnitten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">202 St.</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="jugend"><strong>"Jugendwelle RIAS 2"<br>
(auf 943)</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank"> "Jugendwelle RIAS 2 auf 943" ** <strong>Jingles</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:36:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule">"<strong>Musik nach der Schule</strong>" Nr.123 mit Gregor Rottschalk im Rudolf-Winde-Park</a><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#jugend"><br>
</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule">"<strong>Musik nach der Schule</strong>" Nr.140 mit Gregor Rottschalk zur Funkausstellung</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#wunsch" target="_blank">"<strong>Radioboutique</strong>" - Wunschkabarett mit Wolfgang Zinke</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198?</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:33:41 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j290985" target="_blank">"<strong>Extra 2</strong>"*Christoph Brüssel*Vorstellung Programm-Schema ab 30.09.1985 vom 29.09.85</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:00:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#eurohit"><strong>"Eurohitparade"</strong> mit Dennis King aus 1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j290985" target="_blank">"<strong>Diskothek</strong>" mit Jo Eager vom November 1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:34:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j19861987" target="_blank">"Rocknachrichten" + "<strong>Popcorn</strong>" (1986), "<strong>Radioboutique</strong>" + "12 bis 2" (1987)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j261286" target="_blank">"<strong>Radioboutique</strong>" - Hits 1986 mit Henry Gross vom 26.12.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">04:46:51 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j080287" target="_blank">"<strong>Radio Puzzle</strong>" + "<strong>Popcorn</strong>" vom 08.02.1987 ca.14:15-14:40 Uhr + Jingles</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:25:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j010687" target="_blank">"<strong>Radio Puzzle</strong>" mit Elmar Hörig - 01.06.1987 - 11:35-12:00 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000087" target="_blank">"<strong>Wunschhits</strong>" mit Henry Gross aus 1987</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j251287" target="_blank">"<strong>Radioboutique</strong>" * "Weihnachten mit den Beatles"*Gabi Schulz * K.Klein vom 25.12.1987</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/top1001/880623_rias_top1001_0400_bis_880626_1520.htm" target="_blank">"<strong>Top1001</strong>" auf RIAS 2 vom 23.06.1988 - 26.06.1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">15:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j311289" target="_blank">"<strong>Silvesterparty</strong>" - RIAS 2 & DT64 vom 31.12.1989</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1989</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:11:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000090" target="_blank">"<strong>5 Jahre Jugendwelle</strong>" mit Henry Gross, A.Dorfmann, D.Persh ** aus der Hasenheide</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:14:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#150490">"<strong>Topline</strong>"<strong> - </strong>Top30 mit Andreas Dorfmann vom 15.04.1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:24:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#220790">"<strong>Topline</strong>" - Top30 mit Désirée Persh vom 22.07.1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">02:16:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#281291">"<strong>Topline</strong>"<strong> -</strong> Top30 mit Désirée Persh vom 28.12.1991</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000001" target="_blank"> "<strong>Musicspecial</strong>" - RIAS2 - "Ringos Yellow Submarine" Georg Kranz * aus 3 Sendungen</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:20:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j310592" target="_blank"> "<strong>Rias 2 Closedown</strong> am 31.05.1992 mit Henry Gross ** Start R.S.2 Uwe Hessemüller</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1992</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:48</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="jinglest"><strong>Jingles<br>
Intros/Outros</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"RIAS2 -Die Single" + "Rap & Piano" - The Jay Jays</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:07:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Rock of the Week" mit Uwe Wohlmacher Intro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:00:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Club 18" mit John Hendrik und Eve - Jazz für alle - Intro + kurzer Ausschnitt</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:02:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Mischkothek" mit Olaf Leitner</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:00:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Radio Puzzle" + "Popcorn" vom 08.02.1987 ca.14:15-14:40 Uhr </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:25:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Radioexpress" Intros mit Cristoph Bruessel</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:01:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles" target="_blank">"Jugendwelle RIAS 2 auf 943" - Jingles RIAS2</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:06:32</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="hans"><strong>Hans Rosenthal</strong></a><br>
<a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Rosenthal" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">Diverse Ausschnitte aus Sendungen mit Hans Rosenthal</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">Hans Rosenthal unterhält sich mit Insterburg & Co.</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:06:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">"Spass muss sein" mit Hans Rosenthal</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:36:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">"Spass muss sein" mit Hans Rosenthal</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:39:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">"Das klingende Sonntagsrätsel"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">Private Schallplattenaufnahme mit Hans Rosenthal, Werner Hass, Tatjana Sais</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:04:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">"Noten,die verboten wurden" mit H.Rosenthal - Theater der freien Volksbühne - 05.02.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html" target="_blank">Sondersendung zum Tod Hans Rosenthal - Herbert Kundler & Horst Kintscher - 10.02.1987</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a250106" target="_blank"> Themenabend Hans Rosenthal - "... das war Spitze!" vom 25.01.2006</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2006</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:17:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html#allein" target="_blank"> DLR-"Allein gegen alle"-Alle Folgen 1963-1977-gekürzt & kommentiert (Länge:145:40)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2007</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">145:40</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="mitter"><strong>"RIAS vor Mitternacht" mit Uwe Wohlmacher, B.Rausch, Olaf Leitner,</strong></a><strong><br>
Christian Graf, Joachim Deike, Ute Kannenberg, Holly Jane Rahlens</strong></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#heiter" target="_blank">"Erwachen heiterer Gefühle" - Bernd Witthüser - Olaf Leitner RIAS aus 1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:00:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#rarities" target="_blank">"Rolling Stones Rarities " - eine Sendung von Uwe Wohlmacher</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198x</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#kraftwerk" target="_blank">"Kraftwerk" - eine Sendung von Christian Graf</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198x</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#doors" target="_blank">"The Doors" - Back Door Man - Jim Morrison - Vierteilig mit Christian Graf</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198x</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">02:30:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#avantgarde" target="_blank">"Rockavantgarde England" mit Uwe Wohlmacher</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#alternative" target="_blank">"British Alternative Charts" mit Burghard Rausch</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:24:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#reggae" target="_blank">"Reggae Radio" mit Uwe Wohlmacher</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:25:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#live" target="_blank">"Live Rockfestival" mit Burghard Rausch</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#ringo" target="_blank">"Ringos Greatest Hits" mit Christian Graf</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:22:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#beatlemania" target="_blank">"Beatlemania" mit Uwe Wohlmacher vom 10.12.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#domino" target="_blank">"Der Dicke vom Blueberry Hill" - Fats Domino mit Olaf Leitner</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/southernrock/southernrock.html" target="_blank">"Southernrock" - Christian Graf ** 12 Sendungen von 1980 - 1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">18:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#meilen">"Goldene 8 Meilen" Rockmusik mit Überlängen - Intro - 06.03.82 mit Christian Graf</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198X</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:34:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#vielsaitig" target="_blank">"Vielsaitig" Gitaristen und Griffbrettserver mit Joachim Deike vom 06.02.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:44:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html" target="_blank">"Ballroom Blitz" mit Joachim Deike vom 13.03.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:44:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#summertime" target="_blank">"Summertime Blues" mit Holly Jane Rahlens vom 14.08.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:44:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html" target="_blank">"Thats Live" mit Ute Kannenberg vom 31.07.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:45:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#nachtschicht" target="_blank">"Nachtschicht" Independent-Charts mit Burghard Rausch vom 19.12.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:33:13</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="gregor"><strong>Gregor Rottschalk (Christian Heilburg)</strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Rottschalk" target="_blank"><br>
(Wikipedia)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r000468" target="_blank">Rocknachrichten mit Gregor Rottschalk vom April 1968</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:12:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r190970" target="_blank">"Jimi Hendrix" Kurzportrait mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 19.09.1970</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:08:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#pop05">"Treffpunkt Popshow" mit Gregor Rottschalk aus 1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:28:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#221173">Schlagerkassette vom 22.11.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#150775" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 15.07.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:42:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#220275" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 22.02.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:16:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#050875" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 05.08.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:16:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r160376" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 16.03.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r090877" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 09.08.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r310880" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 31.08.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:48:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/19810123_rias_schlagerkassette_rottschalk_waterloo.mp3" target="_blank">Schlagerkassette vom 23.01.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#rsingles" target="_blank">Singles:"Ra-Ta-Ta" + "Das Band mit deinem Namen" + "Warum isser nur.."</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:07:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t200978" target="_blank">"Treffpunkt RIAS2" - 10 Jahre Treffpunkt - Monsterhits 1970 vom 20.09.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r010479" target="_blank">"Zunder von Zander" Die Frank Zander-Show vom 01.04.1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule">"Musik nach der Schule" Nr.123 mit Gregor Rottschalk im Rudolf-Winde-Park</a><strong><a href="http://rias1.de/rias2.htm#jugend"><br>
</a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule">"Musik nach der Schule" Nr.140 mit Gregor Rottschalk zur Funkausstellung</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r03" target="_blank">"Treffpunkt Popshow"-Kraftwerk/Iron Butterfly/Mamas&Papas/Intro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:10:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#schule" target="_blank">"Musik nach der Schule" vom 30.12.1982 und 14.12.1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:56:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t061282" target="_blank">"Treffpunkt RIAS2"-Spezial "Musik die aus dem Regen kommt" 06.12.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:31:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/berlincharts/851222_berlincharts.html" target="_blank">"Berlincharts" vom 22.12.1985 / Jan.1988 / Nov. 1988 / Monsteransagen / Intro</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r000000" target="_blank">"Listen To The Band" jahrelanges Treffpunkt Intro von Gregor Rottschalk</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">19XX</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:01:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r060206" target="_blank">Interview mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 06.02.2006</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2006</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:09:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/berlincharts/851222_berlincharts.html">1992 Hundert 6 ** Berlin Charts ** mit Gregor Rottschalk ** Ausschnitte</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1992</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:19:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/legendenrbbradioeins/130126_12_radioeinsgregor.html#gregor1" target="_blank">Interview Jörg Wagner mit Gregor Rottschalk - © RBB - 26.01.2013 - 12:05 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2013</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:22:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/legendenrbbradioeins/130126_12_radioeinsgregor.html#gregor2" target="_blank">Radiolegenden - Gregor Rottschalk - © RBB vom 29.01.2013 - 10:00 - 13:00 Uhr</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2013</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:21:43</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="nero"><strong>Nero Brandenburg</strong></a><br>
<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero_Brandenburg" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#071274" target="_blank">"Treffpunkt RIAS 2" - Nero Brandenburg - 07.12.1974 und Gregor Rottschalk - 30.11.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000078" target="_blank">"Treffpunkt RIAS 2"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:30:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n180278" target="_blank">"Klaatu" vom 18.02.1978</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n310880" target="_blank">"Memories Memories" vom 31.08.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:33:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero_.html#n051282">"Hallo Schlagerfans - Hörertipparade" vom 05.12.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n000084" target="_blank">"Neros Schlagerladen" aus 1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:10:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#s001284" target="_blank"> "7. Schlagermarathon" mit Nero Brandenburg & Melanie Sanders vom Dez.1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n001088" target="_blank">"Neros Schlagerparade" vom Oktober 1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n000190" target="_blank">"Neros Schlagerparade" vom Januar 1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:34:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n240390" target="_blank">"Brücke der Sympathie" aus dem ICC Berlin mit Nero Brandenburg vom 24.03.1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:23:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n110191" target="_blank">"10 Jahre Schlager Parade" - aus dem Ernst-Reuter Saal mit Nero Brandenburg -11.01.1991</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:50:12</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="bachauer"><strong>Walter Bachauer</strong></a><br>
<a href="http://www.rockinberlin.de/index.php?title=Walter_Bachauer" target="_blank"><em>Berliner Rockwiki </em></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html" target="_blank">Lange Nacht "<strong>Vladimir Horowitz</strong>" * 1978 * Ausschnitte *
Joachim Kaiser * Walter Bachauer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:16:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html#121072">"Gruppenbild mit Taktstock"Â **<strong> Leonard Bernstein</strong>Â von Berry Graves ** Walter Bachauer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html#280106">DRkultur "Tonart" <strong>Clara Mondshine</strong> ** Walter Bachauer * Avantgardist * von Olaf Leitner</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2006</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:34:39</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="rik"><strong>Rik DeLisle</strong></a><br>
<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rik_De_Lisle" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000080" target="_blank">Intro Denis King, Uwe Wohlmacher & Uwe Schneider (zum Teil gesprochen v.Rik DeLisle)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:01:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000082" target="_blank">Riks Rap</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:03:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000084" target="_blank">Riks Radio Waves</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:02:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r310384" target="_blank">"Rock mit Rik" vom 31.03.1984 (erste Sendung mit Rik)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:39:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000085" target="_blank">Dr.Zimmermann vom Zeitzeicheninstitut</a> :-)</td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:10:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r120686" target="_blank">"Frühstart" mit Rik vom 12.06.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:32:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000090" target="_blank">Popcorn mit Rik aus 1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:12:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r280990" target="_blank">"Frühstart" mit Rik (letzte Frühstart-Sendung mit Rik) vom 28.09.1990</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:14:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#rtl" target="_blank">Riks bei RTL 104.6 ** Sendestart am 09.09.1991</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:06:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000001" target="_blank">Riks Radio-Geschichten - Die RIAS-Jahre auf RS2</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">20xx</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:09:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000002" target="_blank">Riks Birthday Song auf "Kiss FM" 2009</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2009</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:03:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#srb" target="_blank">Rik im Interview auf SRB mit Hendrik Püschel am 29.06.2011</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2011</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:27:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#berlin" target="_blank">Rik erzählt über seine Jahre in Berlin</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2014</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:03</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="inter"><strong>"RIAS Rundfunk International"<br>
Kurzwellenclub mit Armin Amler</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/kurzwellenclub/kuzwellenclub.html" target="_blank">"RIAS Rundfunk International" Sendungen des RIAS Kurzwellenclubs 1972-1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:43:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="ewald"><strong>"Ewalds Schlagerparade"<br>
mit Ewald Wenck</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ewald/ewaldsschlagerparade.html" target="_blank">"Ewalds Schlagerparade" 4 Sendungsausschnitte + Radiolegenden-Aus den Archiven</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a050410" target="_blank">© DLR Kultur 05.04.10 - Aus den Archiven - Radiolegenden "Ewald Wenck</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2010</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:25</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="jazz"><strong>RIAS Jazz<br>
mit Friedrich Schoenfelder und Manfred Krug</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html#krug" target="_blank">"Bildstörung" 5 Sendungen mit Manfred Krug aus 1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">04:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html" target="_blank">"It's Jazzical Time * Musicalmelodien ausgewählt & präsentiert von Friedrich Schoenfelder</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:47:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#sinatra" target="_blank">"Musicspecial - Idole" Frank Sinatra Teil 5-17.12.85 mit Siegfried Schmidt-Joos</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html" target="_blank">"RIAS Jazznacht" * "Schoenfelders kleine Jazzmusik" * Evergreens *1986*1992</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:41:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="archiv"><strong>"Aus den Archiven": RIAS-Legenden ** RIAS-Sendungen<br>
Deutschlandradio Kultur*Lange Nacht ** Im RIAS gesendete Features</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ausdenarchiven.htm" target="_blank">Mitschnitte des Deutschlandradios Kultur</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="musicbox"><strong>"Musicbox"<br>
mit Beate Hasenau, Felix Knemöller, Erwin Palm und Till Hofmann</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/musicbox/musicbox.html" target="_blank">"Musicbox" 38 Sendungen von 1964 bis 1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">35:00:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="hoer"><strong>Hörspiele: Familie Buchholz, Es geschah in Berlin, Papa, Charly hat gesagt,<br>
Damals war's, Familie Krause, Pension Spreewitz, Van Dusen, Käpt'n Kipp Dotter</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/buchholz/buchholz.html" target="_blank">"Familie Buchholz" (1950 - 1952 mit 40 Folgen)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1950</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000051" target="_blank">"Obst und Gemüse" heiteres Spiel aus dem heutigen Berlin aus 1951</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:05:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#astern">"Asternplatz" von Heinz Oskar Wuttig - Menschen nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg in Berlin</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1952</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:03:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#nacht">"Nachtwache" von Heinz Oskar Wuttig - Wachtmeister Schäfer hat Nachtdienst</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1953</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:07:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#hsalto" target="_blank">"Salto Mortale" - Problemstück m.Gesang u.Tanz - Komödie am Kurfürstendamm</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:10:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/esgeschahinberlin/esgeschahinberlin.html" target="_blank">"Es geschah in Berlin" (499 Folgen von 1951 bis 1972 gesendet)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">09:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h210652" target="_blank">"Ausgerechnet Kientopp" - Eine Monster-Film-Revue vom 21.06.1952 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1952</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:42:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/krauses/krauses.html" target="_blank">"Familie Krause" - Mit Krausens in die Ferien - Krauses gehen zu Kroll </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/spreewitz/pensionspreewitz.html" target="_blank">"Pension Spreewitz" (ab 1957 gesendet - 64 von 150 Folgen)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">21:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000058" target="_blank">"Der Geburtstag oder: Soll man Vergangenes ruhen lassen?"</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:50:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h280462" target="_blank">"... und dennoch spukts in Tegel" *
Gespräche mit Gespenstern *
RIAS 28.04.1962</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1962</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:28:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#hmalso" target="_blank">"Mal so gesehen... Ein- und Ausblicke mit Musik"-Eine Sendung v. Max Wegener</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">196?</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/damalswars/damalswars_01_bis_40.html" target="_blank">"Damals wars - Geschichten aus dem alten Berlin" ** Folge 01 bis 40</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1969</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">205:18:0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000000" target="_blank">"Dies Blutbild ist bezaubernd schön" Vampir-Hörspiel von Michael Koser</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">197?</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/lupfhuegel/lupfhuegel.html" target="_blank">"Herr Lupfhügel am Sonntagmorgen" mit Thierry und Edith Elsholtz von 1971-83</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/papa_c_h_g/papa_c_h_g.html" target="_blank">"Papa, Charly hat gesagt..." (600 Folgen von 1972 bis 1987)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000072" target="_blank">"Lucy in the sky with diamonds" aus 1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:14:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h100272" target="_blank">"Der Fall Justine"
* Eine Durbridge-Parodie von Samuel Low
vom 10.02.1972</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:23:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html" target="_blank">"Van Dusen" (ab 1978 gesendet) inkl. Quiz-Show aus 1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:56:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/gravesbeatles/filmohren_03_george.html#john" target="_blank">"Graves bei Nacht"-Hörspiele"The Beatles In Person"-16.-19.04.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">04:10:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/gravesbeatles/filmohren_03_george.html#beinachtbeatles" target="_blank">DRK 03.-04.2013-Archiv-Hörspiele-John/Paul/George/Ringo 16+17+18+19.04.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:40:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html">"Rock Over RIAS" 26.12.1978 bis 31.12.1978- 5 Kurzhörspiele</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:03:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h0000002" target="_blank">"Die Abenteuer des Käpt'n Kipp Dotter" 2 Folgen mit Elmar Hoerig</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:48</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="tobias"><strong>"Onkel Tobias" (Fritz Genschow)<br>
"Der Onkel Tobias vom RIAS ist da..."</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/onkeltobias/onkel_tobias.html" target="_blank">"Onkel Tobias"- 4 Geschichten (Räuberwirtshaus*Der Zaubersack*Weihnachtszimmer)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a010110" target="_blank">© Deutschlandradio Kultur 01.01.10-Aus den Archiven-"Onkel Tobias vom RIAS </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2010</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:13</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="feature"><strong>Features : Beat im Sozialismus * Grateful Dead * Mark Twain * Jimi Hendrix<br>
Ich nannte mich Jagger * Grateful Dead * Rolling Stones * Yoko Ono * uvm.<br>
</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="txtleft"><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fscala">"<strong>Und abends in die Scala"</strong> Streifzüge durch ein Berliner Varieté" vom 08.08.1954</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1954</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fvoss" target="_blank">"<strong>Die alte Voss</strong>" - Zur Geschichte der Vossischen Zeitung aus 1958 v.Werner Brink</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="spalte600"><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#f050664" target="_blank">Jugendfunk "<strong>Zwei Faden Wasser</strong>"*Hörbild über Mark Twain*05.06.+ 03.07.1964</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1964</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"><span class="spalte50">00:53:04</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fhugo" target="_blank">"<strong>Kennen sie Hugo</strong>" von Manfred Stanke mit Götz Clarèn und Willy Knecht-1964</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fsignale" target="_blank">"Signale in Beat - <strong>Die Jugend und ihre Pop-Musik</strong>" von Siegfried Schmidt-Joos</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#ftip" target="_blank">"<strong>Tip(ps) fuer den Alltag</strong>" von Wolfgang Altendorf - Eine hübsche Albernheit !</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1969</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#schminke" target="_blank">"<strong>Rockband mit Guerilla-Schminke</strong>"*Porträt der Stones von Barry Graves v. 08.07.1970</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1970</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fbeat" target="_blank">"<strong>Beat im Sozialismus</strong> - Die neue Pop-Musik in DDR" vom 29.03.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fyves">"Voilá un homme-<strong>Musikal.Rendezvous-Yves Montand</strong>" Ingrid Tourneau-15.11.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fdead" target="_blank">"Die Kommune der dankbaren Toten"- Barry Graves über die <strong>Grateful Dead</strong> aus 1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fjagger" target="_blank">"<strong>Ich nannte mich Jagger</strong>" vom 08.04.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#futopia" target="_blank">"<strong>Unterwegs nach Utopia</strong>" von Bodo Rollka vom 24.02.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#frequiem" target="_blank">"Requiem in Rock" <strong>Rockstars, die zu früh starben</strong>. von Olaf Leitner vom 16.11.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fmary" target="_blank">"<strong>Mary schrie der Wind</strong>"-Das Leben des Jimi Hendrix von Olaf Leitner vom 21.08.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a080712" target="_blank">"Mick Jagger oder <strong>Moos auf rollendem Stein</strong>" von Olaf Leitner vom 21.10.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fyoko" target="_blank">"<strong>Dünnes Eis</strong>" ** Yoko Ono ** von Peter Urban vom 06.02.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fliverpool" target="_blank">"<strong>Von Liverpool nach Karl-Marx-Stadt</strong>-Die Geschichte der Beatles in der DDR" aus 1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:43</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="pinsel"><strong>"Pinsel & Schnorchel"<br>
Politisches Funkkabarett</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><h2><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></h2></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/pinsel/pinsel_und_schnorchel.html" target="_blank">"Pinsel & Schnorchel" - Spitze Töne - Politische Satire des RIAS</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="portraits"><strong>Legenden & Portraits:
Wilhelm Bendow * Bing Crosby * Hans Rosenthal <br>
Heinz Rühmann * Hans Albers * Bob Dylan * John Lennon * Curt Goetz * ua.</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><h2><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></h2></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#wilhelm">"War das nicht wunderschön" - Erinnerung an <strong>Wilhelm Bendow</strong> vom 20.08.1950</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1950</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#otto" target="_blank">"Ein Berliner macht Musike"-75. Geburtstag von <strong>Otto Kermbach</strong> mit Ivo Veit v. 30.03.1957</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#000058">RIAS ** 10 Jahre RIAS Tanzorchester aus 1958</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#beatles" target="_blank">"Sie kamen, sangen, siegten-<strong>Die Beatles</strong>-Von Liverpool in den Buckinghampalast aus 1965</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1965</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#lincke">"Im Reiche des Lincke" - Hundertster Geburtstag des Berliner Komponisten <strong>Paul Lincke</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:07:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#olaf" target="_blank">"Wir erinnern uns gern" - Gedenken an <strong>Olaf Bienert</strong> vom 05.10.1967 mit Curth Flatow</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:40:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#061267">"2 Amerikaner in Berlin*RIAS-Tanzorchester*Dave Hildinger*Mark White*Karin Jugo</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#121072">"Gruppenbild mit Taktstock" <strong>** Leonard Bernstein</strong> von Berry Graves/Walter Bachauer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1972</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#michael" target="_blank">"Erinnerung an Film-&Schlagerkomp.<strong>Michael Jary</strong>"-70.Geb.-J.Cadenbach 23.10.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#hans" target="_blank">"Erinnerungen an <strong>Hans Albers</strong>" mit Joachim Cadenbach aus 1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#bing" target="_blank">"That's What Life Is All About" - Erinnerungen an <strong>Bing Crosby</strong> aus 1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#heinz" target="_blank">"Erinnerungen an <strong>Heinz Rühmann</strong>" 75. Geburtstag 08.03.1977 m. Joachim Cadenbach</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:58:50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#edith" target="_blank">"Wenn auch die Jahre enteilen" Gespräch <strong>Edith Schollwer</strong> mit R.G.Wagner v. 11.12.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#hans2" target="_blank">"Ein Berliner aus Kiel" 75.Geburtstag <strong>Hans Söhnker</strong> vom 07.10.78 mit Hans Rosenthal</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth" target="_blank">"Wir erinnern uns gern"-<strong>Eine fröhliche Gedenksendung</strong> vom 19.11.1978 mit Curth Flatow</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:59:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/mind_games/810000_mind_games.html" target="_blank">"Mind Games" Gehirnspiele*8-teilige Sendereihe über <strong>John Lennon</strong> von S.Schmidt-Joos</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">06:12:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#heinrich" target="_blank"> "Von der Fuge bis zum Foxtrott" 60ster Geburtstag <strong>H.Riethmüller</strong>-H.Rosenthal-23.12.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#rolf" target="_blank">"LaÃt den Kopf nicht hängen ..." Erinnerungen*P<strong>aul Lincke</strong>*Rolf Goetze aus 1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#dylan" target="_blank">"Mr. Tambourine Man" - Eine Annäherung an <strong>Bob Dylan</strong> aus 1982 von S.S.Jost</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">06:40:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#040482">"<strong>Zarah Leander</strong>" RIAS-Geschichten mit Musik vom 04.04.1982 ** 53:08</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html">"Ein gewisser <strong>Theo aus Lingen</strong>" von Franz Otto Krüger vom 18.05.1983</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#ivo" target="_blank">"Ein Berliner aus Frankfurt"-zum Tod von <strong>Ivo Veit</strong> vom 13.04.1984 mit Horst Kintscher</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#willi" target="_blank">"<strong>Willi Kollo</strong> - Seine Melodien, sein Leben" vom 28. April 1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#wilhelm" target="_blank">"Ach ist der Rasen schön grün ..."-100er Geburtstag <strong>Wilhelm Bendow</strong> vom 28.09.1984</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1984</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth2" target="_blank"><strong>Curth Flatow</strong> -"Der Mann, der sich traut" von Hans-Rosenthal vom 11.01.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth3" target="_blank"><strong>Curth Flatow</strong> * Die lange Nacht *
mit Waldemar Overkaemping aus 1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:39:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#janis" target="_blank">Das Leben der Rock-Legende <strong>Janis Joplin</strong> (1943-1970) in fünf Teilen aus 1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">04:19:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curt" target="_blank">Biografie über Schauspieler und Komödiant <strong>Curt Goetz</strong> von Bernd W.Wessling-Okt.1985</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#sinatra" target="_blank">"Musicspecial - Idole" <strong>Frank Sinatra</strong> Teil 5-17.12.85 mit Siegfried Schmidt-Joos</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:02:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#louis" target="_blank">"Satchmo 85"-85.Geburtstag <strong>Louis Armstrong</strong> mit John Hendrik vom 07.08.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:18</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="history"><strong>Radiogeschichte * Radio History<br>
Sendungen zur Radio-Geschichte</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r311247" target="_blank"><strong>RIAS</strong> <strong>Jahresrückblick 1947</strong> * der aktuellen Abteilung des RIAS vom 31.12.1947</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1947</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:46:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="timeline_nachrichten.htm" target="_self">Geschichte <strong>im Spiegel der Nachrichten</strong> 1920-1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1920</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r281063" target="_blank">ARD Ring-Sendung "<strong>40 Jahre Rundfunk</strong>" vom 28.10.1963</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1963</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:56:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r310171" target="_blank">"25 Jahre <strong>RIAS</strong> Aus der ZDF-Reihe 'Drüben' vom 31.01.1971</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:18:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#050271" target="_blank">"Im Brennpunkt"-Zeitgeschehen-<strong>25 Jahre RIAS-Reportagen</strong> mit G.Pfitzmann * 05.02.71</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:18:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r180271" target="_blank">"<strong>Der Schwarze Kanal</strong>"
Zum 25. Geburtstag des <strong>RIAS</strong> vom 18.02.1971</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:19:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#anfang" target="_blank">"<strong>Am Anfang war das Radio</strong>" die weltweite Entstehung des Rundfunks in 7 Teilen</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">06:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r120675" target="_blank">"<strong>25 Jahre ARD</strong> **
Eine Würdigung des RIAS
vom 12.06.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:13:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r000779" target="_blank">"So wars ..."(Rückblick auf den <strong>RIAS vor 25 Jahren</strong>) - Juli 1979</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:48:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#40jahre" target="_blank">"<strong>40 Jahre RIAS</strong>" - Geburtstagssendung vom Februar 1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong><a href="legenden.htm#8889">RIAS ** Von der Wundermaschine zum Radio (12 Teile aus 1988/1989) </a></strong></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">11:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r000291" target="_blank">"<strong>45 Jahre RIAS</strong>" - Geburtstagssendung vom Februar 1991</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:20:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#welt">SWF-"<strong>Die Welt im Haus</strong>-Rundfunk u. Hörspiel in der Weimarer Republik" v.W.Wessels</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:59:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/riashistory/abschied/abschied.html#310592" target="_blank"> "<strong>RIAS2 Closedown </strong>am 31.05.1992 mit Henry Gross</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1992</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:14:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#reise">SDR-"<strong>Eine Reise ins Glück mit Mind Machines und Audio Tapes</strong>"
v.W.Wessels</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#echtzeit">DRK-"<strong>Echtzeit - oder wie E-Gitarren uns wiedervereinen</strong>" von Walter Filz</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://rias1.de/legenden.htm#030793">RIAS-Bildungsprogr. <strong>Radio-Geschichte</strong> seiner Formen (1)-<strong>Reportage</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#070893">RIAS-Bildungsprogr. <strong>Radio-Geschichte</strong> seiner Formen (6)-<strong>Propaganda-Meinung</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#history">RIAS - <strong>Thema: Deutschlandradio</strong> vom 17.06.1993</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:24:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/riashistory/abschied/abschied.html" target="_blank"><strong>Bye,Bye RIAS</strong> vom 31.12.93*48 Jahre RIAS die letzte Sendung*erste Minuten DR Berlin</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">04:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#tausende">"Für Tausende <strong>ersetzt das Radio den TheatergenuÃ</strong>"-Zw.Bühnenkunst & Medienereignis</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1999</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:29:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a280106" target="_blank">28.01.06 - Eine <strong>lange Nacht - 'RIAS'</strong> vom 28.01.2006</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2006</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">02:55:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="legenden.htm#r060216" target="_blank">Deutschlandfunk-Markt & Medien-Spezial "<strong>Vom DIAS zum RIAS</strong>" vom 06.02.2016</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2016</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:23:20</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="rundschau"><strong>RIAS Aktuell-Rundschau am Morgen/Mittag/Abend<br>
Berlin am Morgen</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rundschau/rundschau/rias_aktuell_rundschau.html" target="_blank">RIAS Aktuell * Rundschau am Morgen * Mittag * Abend * Ausschnitte von 1968-1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">04:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rundschau/rundschau/rias_aktuell_rundschau.html#berlinammorgen" target="_blank">RIAS Zeitfunk ** Berlin am Morgen ** 1959-1964</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1959</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">03:30:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="blende"><strong>"Rückblende"<br>
vom 3. Juni 1954 bis zum Herbst 1975 mit 202 Folgen</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/rueckblende/rueckblende_o.html">Die Rückblende</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="kutte"><strong>"Kutte kennt sich aus"<br>
mit Heimatforscher Kurt Pomplun</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/kutte/kutte.html" target="_self">"Kutte kennt sich aus" mit Heimatforscher Kurt Pomplun</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">48:00:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="klasse"><strong>Schulklassengespräche:
mit Erich Kästner * Werner Fink * Peter Ustiniv<br>
Dieter Hildebrand * Ernst Reuter * Helmut Kohl * Helmut Schmidt * uva.</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk240751" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Ernst Reuter</strong> vom 24.07.1951 (Erstes)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000054" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Erich Kästner</strong> vom September 1954</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1954</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:28:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk311258" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Werner Finck</strong> "Wer nie lacht, ist nicht normal"*1958</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:39:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000759" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Willy Brandt </strong>vom Juli 1959</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1959</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk221161" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Theodor HeuÃ</strong> - Ex-Bundespräsident ** 22.11.1961</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1961</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:38:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk101263" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Günter Grass</strong> - 10.12.1963*30.09.1967*20.04.1968</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1963</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk210167" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Friedrich Torberg</strong> vom 21.01.1967</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:42:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk130367" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Hermann Josef Abs </strong>vom 13.03.1967</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk060168" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>David Ben Gurion</strong> * 06.01.1968 Berl.Schülern in Israel</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1968</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:37:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk060168" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Herbert von Karajan</strong> * 18.10.1969</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1969</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#070271" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>20 Jahre RIAS-Schulklassengespräch</strong> * 07.02.1971</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk170573" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Helmut Kohl</strong> vom 17.05.1973</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1973</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk050374" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit dem Schriftsteller<strong> Walter Kempowski</strong> vom 05.03.1974 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk020474" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit dem Scheizer Schriftsteller<strong> Max Frisch</strong> vom 02.04.1974 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:50:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk160975" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit dem indischen Dirigenten <strong>Zubin Mehta</strong> vom 16.09.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#000077" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Helmut Schmidt</strong> aus 1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="txtcenter" style="line-height: 130%"><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#071079">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Geschichte im Klassenzimmer</strong> ** 07.10.1979 ** Teil 1</a></span></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="txtcenter" style="line-height: 130%"><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#071079">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Geschichte im Klassenzimmer</strong> ** 20.11.1979 ** Teil 2</a></span></td>
<td class="spalte20">1979</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000080" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Richard von Weizäcker</strong> vom 11.01.1980 ** Teil 1</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="schulklassengespraech.html#sk080780" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Wolfgang Leonhard</strong> vom 08.07.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#skloest" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Erich Loest</strong> vom 13.10.1981</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#skperes" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Shimon Peres</strong> vom 02.02.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk230586" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Dieter Hildebrand</strong> vom 23.05.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk311286" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Pinchas Lapide, </strong>Religionswissenschaftler vom 31.12.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk210187" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Hans Joachim Schädlich</strong> vom 21.01.1987</a><a href="schulklassengespraech.html#sk080780" target="_blank"> </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk021287" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Wolfgang Niedecken</strong> vom 02.12.1987</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk040288" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong> Petra Kelly und Gert Bastian </strong> vom 04.02.1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52.00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk160388" target="_blank">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Günter Grass</strong> vom 16.03.1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52.00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk050588" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Peter Ustinov</strong> vom 05.05.1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk021188" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit der israelischen Schriftstellerin <strong>Edith Elias</strong> aus 1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk230289" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Marcel Reich-Ranicki</strong> vom 23.02.1989</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1989</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk200791" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Schriftstellern</strong> von 1951 - 1991 vom 20.07.1991</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1991</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk141092" target="_blank"> Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Joachim Gauck</strong> vom 14.10.1992</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1992</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:00</td>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk030593">Schulklassengespräch mit <strong>Regine Hildebrandt</strong> ** Letzte Sendung **
mit Berliner Schülern</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:32</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="wald"><strong>Die "Lachende"<br>
Waldbühne"</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wald" target="_blank">"Lachende Waldbühne" aus 1957</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wald" target="_blank">"Lachende Waldbühne" vom September 1958</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:03:39</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="komiker"><strong>"Komiker Cocktail"<br>
mit Franz-Otto Krüger</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#311274" target="_blank">RIAS1 "GrüÃe aus dem Komikerhimmel" mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** 31.12.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#311275" target="_blank">RIAS1 "Wer schmeiÃt denn da mit Lehm" mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** v.31.12.1975</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#220576" target="_blank">RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** Folge 01 ** vom 22.05.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#210980">RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz Otto Krüger ** Folge 24+48 * 21.09.1980+02.09.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:51:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#020986" target="_blank">RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** Folge 48 ** vom 02.09.1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1986</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#000002" target="_blank">RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** Folge xx ** </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">198?</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#000001" target="_blank">RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger ** Folge xx ** </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">197?</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:39:19</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="veit"><strong>Ivo Veit<br>
"Mach mit" uvm.</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#211050" target="_blank">"Man nehme..."*Rezepte*Herstellung von Schlagern mit E.S., F.W.,I.Veit vom 21.10.1950</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1950</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:54:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#machmit" target="_blank">"Mach mit" Dr.Klaus Brock&I.Veit-3 Ausschn.+5 komplette Sendungen (37,50,75,100,125)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1950</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">05:00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#030951" target="_blank">"So ein Theater" von Ivo Veit vom 03.09.1951</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#090854" target="_blank">"Schwere Jungs und leichte Mädchen"-Bilder aus Heinrich Zilles Welt*Ivo Veit*09.08.1954</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1954</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#131254" target="_blank">"Nur zur Erinnerung-Kabarett in schweren Tagen" ** mit Ivo Veit vom 13.12.1954</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1954</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:28:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#000055" target="_blank">"Die Spitze Feder" - Satiriker von Heute - Ivo Veit aus 1955</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1955</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:27:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#300455" target="_blank">"Wir halten zum Besten" - Mit Parodisten und Nachmachern - Ivo Veit 30.04.1955</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1955</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#291055" target="_blank">"Berliner WeiÃe mit Schmus" - Kunterbunter Alltag - Ivo Veit vom 29.10.1955</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1955</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:59:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#250956" target="_blank">"Ist ja typisch" - Ein bisschen Berliner Allerlei - Ivo Veit vom 25.09.1956</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1956</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:28:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#040257" target="_blank">"Das kann ja heiter werden" oder wie erziele ich Gelächter ohne Ãrger * 04.02.1957</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#090360" target="_blank">"Gesänge vom Alltag"-Liederbuch von Günter Christian Ludwig-I.Veit*09.03.1960</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1960</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:29:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#000066" target="_blank">"Berliner Allerlei" - Ivo Veit aus 1966</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#140271" target="_blank">"Senioren-Club RIAS" (1.Veranstaltung) - 14.02.1971
- Altenwohnheim Tiergarten</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1971</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">01:14:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#270374" target="_blank">"RIAS-Radio-Illustrierte" Stelldichein deutscher.Radiosender*Ivo Veit*27.03.1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:01:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a060412" target="_blank">"Ivo Veit" - Aus den Archiven - Radiolegenden vom 06.04.2012</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">2012</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:00</td>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01">
<tr style="background-color: #79cdcd;">
<td colspan="3" style="font-size: 18px; background-color: #B0C4DE"><a id="div2"><strong>diverse<br>
Sendungen</strong></a></td>
<td class="spalte20"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#schulzes" target="_blank">"Schulzes Schelmischer Opernführer" Felix Knemöller-Der fliegende Holländer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1950</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:40:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#taeter" target="_blank">"Vom Täter fehlt keine Spur" ** Kriminal-Kabarett vom 16.01.1951</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1951</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:30:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/april_april/april_april.html" target="_blank">"April, April" - Musik zum Feierabend vom 01.04.1952</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1952</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:22:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#kaffee" target="_blank">"RIAS Kaffeetafel" vom 03.01.1953
im Prälat Schöneberg</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1953</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:17:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#160154" target="_blank">"Hilfe! Besuch kommt"-Ratgeber für Gastgeber * Agnes Windeck ua.vom 16.01.1954</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1954</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#050557" target="_blank">"Geliebtes Brettl-Kabarett" mit Helmut Krüger-Werner Oehlschläger vom 05.05.1957</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1957</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#280858" target="_blank">"Hoffentlich merkt's keiner" Allerlei musikalische Zufälle vom 28.08.1958</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1958</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:44:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#perlen" target="_blank">"Perlen der Kleinkunst"-29.04.1960-Veranstaltung GroÃer Sendesaal-Haus des Rundfunks</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1960</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:14:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#karte" target="_blank">"Tanzmusik auf Karte Fünf"-Made Of Hits-Schlager*W. Behrendt vom 24.03.63</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1963</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:01:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hase" target="_blank">"Osterhasenfeier" mit Felix Knemöller vom 15. April 1963</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1963</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:42:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#silvester" target="_blank">"Silvestersendung" vom 31.12.1964 / 01.01.1965</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1964</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">02:03:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#jo" target="_blank">"Prominente von annodazumal"-Historische Persönlichkeiten mit Jo Herbst vom 14.12.1965</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1965</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hendrik">"Heute so beliebt wie damals" mit John Hendrik vom 16.11.1966</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1966</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:00:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#mark" target="_blank">"2 Amerikaner in Berlin" Mark White/Dave Hildinger-RIAS zu Gast beim AFN*K.Jurow</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1967</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:16:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wieverhalte" target="_blank">"Wie verhalte ich mich wenn.." (man mich zum Diktator macht/ich 10 Millionen finde</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1969</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:55:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#000070" target="_blank">Versprecher - wenn das Radio aus dem Tritt gerät" mit Uwe Golz aus 197?</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">197?</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:26:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#stachel" target="_blank">"Die Stachelschweine" - "Blick zurück nach vorn" - 25 Jahre aus 1974</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1974</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:54:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#disney" target="_blank">"Disney-World" ca. 1975 </a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1975</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:30:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/april_april/april_april.html" target="_blank">"April, April" aktuelles Sondermagazin vom 01.04.1976</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1976</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:30:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#sieh" target="_blank">"Sieh fern im Hörfunk"vom 30.10.1977 * Nachrichten * Intro "klingendes Sonntagsrätsel</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:27:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#heiter" target="_blank">"Nonstop Heiter" mit Horst Kintscher - 20.08.1977</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1977</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:32:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#krepp" target="_blank">"Mit Kreppsohlen und Ringelsocken"-musikalisches Spiegelbild Nachkriegsjahre</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1978</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#ostern" target="_blank">"Ostern mit Fred Ignor" vom 04.04.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:19:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#glueck" target="_blank">"Das glückliche Programm" bärenstarkes Magazin in, um und aus dem Radio</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:15:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#flick" target="_blank">"Doppeldecker / Flick-Flack" auf RIAS 2 vom Sonnabend, dem 04.10.1980</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1980</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:40:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#musik" target="_blank">"Wir machen Musik ** Goldene Hits am Vormittag ** 4 Sendungen aus 1981-1986</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1981</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:30:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hits" target="_blank">"Als die Hits noch Schlager waren"-letzte Sendung mit Fred Ignor vom 29.08.1982</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#000082" target="_blank"><u>"Wir machen Musik" - Goldene Hits am Vormittag mit Arnold Marquis aus 1982</u></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1982</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:45:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/gagspress/zoom_gagspress.html" target="_blank">"<u>Zoom" und "Gagspress" ** Kabarett von Ulrich Urbanski</u></a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1983</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">03:45:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#euro">"Europarade" Dennis King (04.1985)</a> + <a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#bill">Schnipsel "Europarade" Billboard100 (1980)</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:57:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#rock" target="_blank">"Rockjournal" mit den Ärzten zum Film "Richy Guitar" mit Olaf Leitner, ua.</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:19:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html" target="_blank">"Verbraucher-Telefon" ab 1985 mit Annette Pfeifer</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1985</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:17:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#kuhn190987" target="_blank">"Boulevard" ** Paul Kuhn im Interview mit Dieter Thomas Heck vom 19.09.1987</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1987</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:40:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#210288" target="_blank">Reinhard Mey-Gespräch mit Ingrid Tourneau,Olaf Leitner und DEO vom 21.02.1988</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1988</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">00:52:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#swing" target="_blank"> "Swingstadt Berlin" 3 Specials Mark W</a><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#swing" target="_blank">hite & George Hudak vom AFN aus 1990/1992</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1990</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">02:42:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#olaf" target="_blank">Olaf Leitner-Interview mit Jörg Wagner (radioeins) über DDR-Rock</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">1993</td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">01:01:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#degewo" target="_blank"> DEGEWO-Veranstaltung mit Günter Schwerthold * Wolf Gabbe * Radio Star Band</a></td>
<td class="spalte20">195x</td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:53:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/diverse/diverse.html" target="_blank">Geläut der Freiheitsglocke * Freiheitsgelöbnis * Testton+Sendepause ** Störsender</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#umschalt" target="_blank">Umschaltmusik ** zwischen den Frequenzen ** Mittel- Kurzwelle und UKW ** 1:05</a></td>
<td class="spalte20"> </td>
<td class="spalte20">A</td>
<td class="spalte20">00:05:00</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table class="centerlinie spalte800 rand01 txtcenter">
<tr>
<td class="justify"><blockquote>
<p>Der RIAS (Damals noch DIAS - Drahtfunk im Amerikanischen Sektor) nahm seine Sendungen
mit Technik vom deutschen Soldatensender Belgrad am 07.02.1946 auf.<br>
Am 06.07.1948 Umzug ins Funkhaus in der Kufsteiner Strasse 69 (ab 1993 Hans-Rosenthal-Platz).<br>
Ab 01.11.1949 zweite Mittelwellensendeanlage in Hof (Bayern). Der RIAS-Berlin stand unter
<p>Kontrolle der Amerikaner wurde ab 1971 fast vollständig von Deutschland finanziert. Er produzierte mit deutschem Personal ein deutschsprachiges Programm.<br>
Die Ereignisse in Berlin, und immer mehr die in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone bzw. der späteren DDR,
standen im Vordergrund von Zeitfunksendungen, Berichten und Kommentaren des RIAS.</p>
<p> Nach dem Mauerbau wurde der RIAS für viele Ost-Deutsche zum "Fenster in den Westen".</p>
<p> Einzelsendungen wie die "RIAS Kaffeetafel" (ab 1948), "RIAS-Schulfunk-Parlament" (1948), <br>
"Treffpunkt RIAS 2", "Das klingende Sonntagsrätsel" (ab 07.03.1965), "2. Frühstück", "Insulaner" (1948-1964),<br>
"Evergreens a Go-Go","Stimme der Kritik" (ab 07.02.1946), "Club 18", "Berlincharts", "Jazznacht",<br>
"Rock over RIAS" (1975-1986),"Musik nach der Schule", "Studio 89" oder "Schlager der Woche"hatten Kultstatus.<br>
<br>
RIAS 2 wurde durch eine Programmreform am 30.10.1985 einer der ersten Dudelsender.</p>
<p class="txtleft">Nach der Wiedervereinigung ging der Sender schliesslich am 1.1.1994 in das Programm DeutschlandRadio auf.</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="txtcenter"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></p>
<p class="txtcenter"> <img style="border:0" src="image/rias/fotback.jpg" alt="RIAS2 Mannschaft" width="694" height="375" ></p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/fotfront.jpg" alt="RIAS Mannschaft"> </p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/riasmitarbeiter.jpg" alt="RIAS-Moderatoren" width="694" height="425"> </p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/riasteam1.jpg" alt="Die RIAS2-Mannschaft" width="640" height="429"></p>
<p class="txtcenter"><strong>Erste Reihe, sitzend v.l.n.r.: </strong>A. Dorfmann, Uwe Hessenmüller, Henry Groß, Christoph Lanz,<br>
Susanne Knacke, Désirée Persh, Rainer Traube, Jutta Lang, Jörg Brüggemann<br>
<strong>Zweite Reihe, stehend: </strong>Martin Schülke,
Martina Radl, Sabine Korsukewitz, Matthias Thiel<br>
<strong>Dritte Reihe:</strong> Manfred Vogt, K. Klein, Uwe Wohlmacher,
Michael Sagurna, Norbert Wassmund<br>
<strong>Auf der Leiter:</strong> Irina von Bentheim, Ben Posener (Foto: J.Rakete 1987) </p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/riasteam2.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Manfred Vogt, Uwe Wohlmacher,Rik DeLisle,Christoph Lanz, Holger K&ouml;nig, Andreas Dorfmann"></p>
<p class="txtcenter">Manfred Vogt, Uwe Wohlmacher, Rik DeLisle, Christoph Lanz, Holger König und Andreas Dorfmann </p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/rias_mitarbeiter_reichstag.jpg" alt="Vorm Reichstag (v.l.n.r.) Thomas Petruo, Uwe Wohlmacher, Desiree Persh, Uwe Schneider, Gerd Kothy, Sabine Korsukéwitz, Dennis King, Nicole Massion, Burkhardt Rausch !"> </p>
<p class="txtcenter">Vorm Reichstag (v.l.n.r.) Thomas Petruo, Uwe Wohlmacher, Desiree Persh, Uwe Schneider, Gerd Kothy,<br>
Sabine Korsukéwitz, Dennis King, Nicole Massion, Burghard Rausch ! </p>
<p class="txtcenter"><img style="border:0" src="image/rias/gregor_dennis.jpg" width="460" height="604" alt="Gregor und Dennis"></p>
<p class="txtcenter"> Gregor Rottschalk und Dennis King</p>
<p class="txtcenter"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_links.png" alt="back"></a> <a href="#"><img src="image/andere/pfeil_n_oben03.png" alt="to top"></a></p>
<hr>
<p class="txtcenter"><a href="http://www.rias1.de"><img style="border:0" src="image/andere/topback_klein.png" alt="Logo"></a></p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
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</html>
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| --- |
| RIAS-Links: [Damals war's](http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/) [van Dusen](http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm) [rias2-history.de](http://rias2-history.de/) [a.geffe](http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm) [Nero's Page](http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin) [Studio 89](http://studio89.de)
[Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen](audiokennung.htm) \*\* Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! |
| *Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname* | *Jahr* | *A* | *Länge* |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| ****Treffpunkt RIAS 2" 1. Sendung August 1962******1x monatlich - ab Mai 1966 1x wöchentlich** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Jingles](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | | 00:15:00 |
| [Treffpunkt1640 im AFN Studio mit Mark White , Doris und Richard](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000066) | 1966 | A | 00:15:13 |
| [Schlager Englisch - "Let It Be" vom April 1970 mit Holly-Jane Rahlens](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html) | 1970 | A | 00:05:42 |
| [Jimi Hendrix - Kurzportrait mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 19.09.1970](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r190970) | 1970 | A | 00:08:15 |
| [Stones-Tournee 1970 \* Oktober 1973 \* Reportage und Interview von Kai Bloemer](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000070) | 1970 | A | 00:21:45 |
| [Bangla Desh-Konzert in New York \*\* Emotionale Reportage von Berry Graves](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tbangla) | 1971 | A | 00:05:13 |
| [Kai Bloemer \*\* mit der Hörerpostbestätigung vom 23.12.1972](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#231272) | 1972 | A | 00:23:46 |
| [RIAS2 Treffpunkt mit Barry Graves aus 1973](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html) | 1973 | | 00:15:32 |
| [Zoff, Gurus, Gaukler, Glitzerstars-Berichte über Rockmusik aus 1973 mit O.Leitner](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#zoff) | 1973 | | 00:43:05 |
| [Kai Bloemer \*\* mit der Hörerpostbestätigung aus 1973](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000073) | 1973 | A | 00:24:01 |
| [Kai Bloemer Intro/Jingle ( 17.03.1973) + Ausschnitt "Rundschau am Morgen" (18.10.1973)](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#170373) | 1973 | A | 00:09:29 |
| [Streifzug durch 50 Jahre Ãtherwellen
mit Nero Brandenburg / Harro Zimmer v.28.12.1973](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#281273) | 1973 | A | 00:19:16 |
| [Das "Rocklexikon" von Siegfried Schmidt-Joos und Barry Graves \* und noch andere SpäÃe](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tlexikon) | 1974 | A | 00:25:00 |
| [Nero Brandenburg (07.12.74) sowie Gregor Rottschalk (30.11.74)](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#071274) | 1974 | A | 00:10:02 |
| [Barry Graves \*\* August 1975 \*\* Rockmusikfestivals](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tfestival) | 1975 | | 00:11:30 |
| [Poesie des Rock: "Die Anfänge - Elvis & Co" von Holly-Jane Rahlens - 21.01.1977](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t210177) | 1977 | | 00:11:45 |
| [Barry Graves - 17.08.1977 (zum Tod von Elvis Presley am 16.08.1977)](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#170877) | 1977 | | 00:58:39 |
| [Gregor Rottschalk - "10 Jahre Treffpunkt" - Monsterhits 1970 - 20.09.1978](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t200978) | 1978 | | 01:15:06 |
| [RIAS Treffpunkt Spezial \*\* Rolling Stones auf der Waldbühne \*\* 08.06.1982 \*\* gekürzt](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#080682) | 1982 | | 00:35:06 |
| [Nero Brandenburg](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000078) | 1978 | A | 00:31:35 |
| [Uwe Wohlmacher - 27.12.1980](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t271280) | 1980 | | 01:59:11 |
| [Gregor Rottschalk - Spezial - "Musik die aus dem Regen kommt" - 06.12.1982](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t061282) | 1982 | A | 00:31:45 |
| [B.Graves,Joachim Deike,B.Rausch,S.Korsukéwitz,G.Kothy,Th.Petruo,G.Staff-31.12.1982](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t311282) | 1982 | A | 03:07:27 |
| [Gregor Rottschalk / Barry Graves - 13.06.1983](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t130683) | 1983 | A | 00:32:10 |
| ["Southernrock" - Fats Domino Live auf der Waldbühne am 16.07.1983](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t160783) | 1983 | A | 00:38:35 |
| [Hörerpost \*\* ACDC \*\* ZigZag \*\* HiFi-Service \*\* Poptestival \*\* PS-Apotheke ua.](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | A | 00:17:00 |
| [© DRKultur 26.12.2009 - Aus den Archiven "RIAS Treffpunkt"](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a261209) | 2009 | | 00:56:30 |
| [Corso - Kunst & Pop \* Spezial: Popkultur 89 â RIAS, DT64 und die Wende vom 03.10.19](dlf.html#031019) | 2019 | | 00:25:25 |
| |
| --- |
| RIAS-Links: [Damals war's](http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/) [van Dusen](http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm) [rias2-history.de](http://rias2-history.de/) [a.geffe](http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm) [Nero's Page](http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin) [Studio 89](http://studio89.de)
[Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen](audiokennung.htm) \*\* Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! |
| *Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname* | *Jahr* | *A* | *Länge* |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Schlager der Woche" W.Behrendt, Fred Ignor, Charlie Hickman, Lord Knud✟
[1956 - 1969](#sdw) \*\*\*\*\* [SdW-Story](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#geschichte) \*\*\*\*\* [(Wikipedia von P.Ziermann)](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlager_der_Woche_(RIAS))** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [0452 SdW - 30.11.1956 mit Fred Ignor](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s301156) | 1956 | | 00:33:10 |
| [0472 SdW - 08.07.1957 mit Fred Ignor](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s120757) | 1957 | | 00:27:34 |
| [0000 SdW - 06.02.1961 mit Fred Ignor & Wolfgang Behrendt - Jubiläum 15 Jahre](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s060261) | 1961 | A | 01:15:01 |
| [0701 SdW - 21.06.1962 mit Fred Ignor - Intro/Outro](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s210662) | 1962 | A | 00:03:28 |
| [0786 SdW - 03.02.1964 mit Fred Ignor](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s030264) | 1964 | | 00:17:35 |
| [0928 SdW - 31.10.1966 mit Fred Ignor](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s311066) | 1966 | | 00:55:29 |
| [0978 SdW - 20.10.1967 mit Fred Ignor](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#s201067) | 1967 | | 00:58:36 |
| [0989 SdW - 08.01.1968 - Ãbergabe SdW von Fred Ignor an Charlie Hickman](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#hick2) | 1968 | | 00:47:43 |
| [1028 SdW - 30.09.1968 / 04.10.1968 letzte Sendung mit Charlie Hickman](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1956_1969.html#hick) | 1968 | | 00:58:40 |
| |
| --- |
| RIAS-Links: [Damals war's](http://www.damals-wars-geschichten.de/) [van Dusen](http://www.profvandusen.com/kos2.htm) [rias2-history.de](http://rias2-history.de/) [a.geffe](http://home.arcor.de/a.geffe/tv/rias.htm) [Nero's Page](http://nerobrandenburg.wix.com/berliner-webmagazin) [Studio 89](http://studio89.de)
[Senderkennungen / Pausenzeichen](audiokennung.htm) \*\* Alle Sendungen ohne Kennzeichen "A" (Ausschnitte) sind komplett ! |
| *Soundbeispiel / Sendungsname* | *Jahr* | *A* | *Länge* |
| |
| --- |
| **[1970 - 1974](#sdw)** |
| [???? Schlager der Woche - 12.06.1970](sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#120670) | 1970 | | 00:47:34 |
| [1212 Schlager der Woche - 14.04.1972](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979#140472) | 1972 | | 00:48:26 |
| [1211 Schlager der Woche - 17.04.1972](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#170472) | 1972 | | 00:44:27 |
| [1214 Schlager der Woche - 12.05.1972](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979#120572) | 1972 | | 00:12:49 |
| [1222 SdW - 07.07.1972 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr\*April+Mai+Juni (deutsche Hitparade)](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#070772) | 1972 | | 01:02:16 |
| [1231 SdW - 14.07.1972 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr\*April+Mai+Juni (internationale Hitparade)](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#140772) | 1972 | | 01:02:16 |
| [1256 Schlager der Woche - 12.02.1973](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#020373) | 1973 | | 01:15:04 |
| [1278 Schlager der Woche - 03.08.1973](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#030873) | 1973 | | 01:30:22 |
| [1316 Schlager der Woche - 08.04.1974](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#080474) | 1974 | | 00:43:01 |
| |
| --- |
| **1975 - 1978** |
| [1386 Schlager der Woche - 15.08.1975](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s150875) | 1975 | A | 00:57:07 |
| [1395 Schlager der Woche - 10.10.1975 sowie 13.10.1975](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#101075) | 1975 | | 01:30:11 |
| [1419 Schlager der Woche - 26.03.1976](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000476) | 1976 | | 01:14:40 |
| [1424 Schlager der Woche - 23.04.1976](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#230476) | 1976 | | 02:25:19 |
| [1436 Schlager der Woche - 30.07.1976 - Halbjahresrückblick](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s300776) | 1976 | | 01:12:38 |
| [1438 Schlager der Woche - 13.08.1976](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s130876) | 1976 | | 01:28:55 |
| [1465 Schlager der Woche - 21.02.1977](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#210277) | 1977 | | 01:26:34 |
| [1489 Schlager der Woche - 10.08.1977](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979_.html#100877) | 1977 | A | 00:45:08 |
| [1490 Schlager der Woche - 12.08.1977](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s120877) | 1977 | | 01:26:13 |
| [1511 Schlager der Woche - 06.01.1978 - Rückblick 1977](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s060178) | 1978 | A | 01:26:27 |
| [0000 Schlager der Woche - 28.07.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#sdw290778) | 1978 | | 01:11:12 |
| [1550 Schlager der Woche - 06.10.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000078__) | 1978 | | 00:59:23 |
| [1517 Schlager der Woche - 24.02.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#240278) | 1978 | A | 00:34:03 |
| [1554 Schlager der Woche - 06.11.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#061178) | 1978 | | 01:24:42 |
| [1661 Schlager der Woche - aus 12.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s001278) | 1978 | | 01:24:50 |
| |
| --- |
| **1979 - 1979** |
| [1563 Schlager der Woche - 05.01.1979 - Rückblick 1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s050179) | 1979 | A | 01:27:09 |
| [???? Schlager der Woche - 02.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000279_01) | 1979 | | 01:24:10 |
| [???? Schlager der Woche - 02.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#000279_02) | 1979 | | 00:13:42 |
| [1568 Schlager der Woche - 09.02.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#090279) | 1979 | | 01:18:04 |
| [1581 Schlager der Woche - 14.05.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#s140579) | 1979 | | 01:25:52 |
| [1582 Schlager der Woche - 20.05.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#200579) | 1979 | | 00:44:55 |
| [1590 Schlager der Woche - 13.07.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#130779) | 1979 | | 01:20:38 |
| [1592 Schlager der Woche - 27.07.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#270779) | 1979 | | 01:25:03 |
| [1595 Schlager der Woche - 17.08.1979 + Nachrichten](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#170879) | 1979 | | 01:30:13 |
| [1602 Schlager der Woche - 28.09.1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#280979) | 1979 | | 01:28:11 |
| [1615 Schlager der Woche - 12.1979 - Rückblick 1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1970_1979.html#001279) | 1979 | | 01:29:23 |
| |
| --- |
| **1980 - 1980** |
| [1615 Schlager der Woche - 04.01.1980 - Rückblick 1979](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#040180) | 1979 | | 01:15:31 |
| [1617 Schlager der Woche - 18.01.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#180180) | 1980 | | 01:24:31 |
| [???? Schlager der Woche - aus 1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#sss000080) | 1980 | | 01:22:41 |
| [1618 Schlager der Woche - 27.01.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270180) | 1980 | | 01:25:51 |
| [1624 Schlager der Woche - 10.03.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#100380) | 1980 | | 00:34:13 |
| [1629 Schlager der Woche - 14.04.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#140480) | 1980 | | 01:29:14 |
| [1635 Schlager der Woche - 23.05.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s000080) | 1980 | | 01:27:31 |
| [1643 Schlager der Woche - 20.06.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#300580) | 1980 | | 01:25:13 |
| [1642 Schlager der Woche - 14.07.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s140780) | 1980 | | 00:45:08 |
| [1649 Schlager der Woche - 29.08.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000780) | 1980 | | 01:20:19 |
| [1643 Schlager der Woche - 18.07.1980 + Nachrichten](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s180780) | 1980 | | 01:29:39 |
| [1645 Schlager der Woche - 01.08.1980 - Halbjahres-Rückblick](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s010880) | 1980 | | 01:19:50 |
| [1647 Schlager der Woche - 15.08.1980 + Nachrichten](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982html#s150880) | 1980 | | 01:26:05 |
| [1649 Schlager der Woche - 29.08.1980 + Nachrichten](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s290880) | 1980 | | 01:33:29 |
| [1650 Schlager der Woche - 06.09.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s060980) | 1980 | A | 00:55:22 |
| [1651 Schlager der Woche - 12.09.1980 + Nachrichten / RIAS Aktuell Intro](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s120980) | 1980 | | 01:34:39 |
| [1655 Schlager der Woche - 10.10.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s101080) | 1980 | A | 00:21:30 |
| [1662 Schlager der Woche - 28.11.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#281180) | 1980 | | 01:30:14 |
| |
| --- |
| **1981 - 1981** |
| [0000 Schlager der Woche - 05.01.1981 \*\* Schlager des Jahres 1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#050181) | 1981 | | 01:19:06 |
| [1678 Schlager der Woche - 20.03.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000081_) | 1981 | | 01:32:33 |
| [1670 Schlager der Woche - 23.01.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s230181) | 1981 | | 01:19:11 |
| [1676 Schlager der Woche - 27.02.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270281) | 1981 | | 00:32:18 |
| [1676 Schlager der Woche - 27.02.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270281) | 1981 | | 00:32:18 |
| [1678 Schlager der Woche - 06.03.1981 (Whl. 09.03.1981)](sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#070381) | 1981 | 01:22:05 | |
| [1679 Schlager der Woche - 20.03.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#200381) | 1981 | | 01:06:07 |
| [1681 Schlager der Woche - 03.04.1981](sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s030481) | 1981 | | 00:34:48 |
| [1682 Schlager der Woche - 27.04.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#270481) | 1981 | | 01:23:12 |
| [1685 Schlager der Woche - 08.05.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s081181) | 1981 | | 01:20:39 |
| [1685 Schlager der Woche - 08.05.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s110581) | 1981 | | 01:29:20 |
| [1686 Schlager der Woche - 29.05.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#290581) | 1981 | | 01:12:40 |
| [1698 Schlager der Woche - 07.08.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s070881) | 1981 | | 01:28:42 |
| [1701 Schlager der Woche - 28.08.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s280881) | 1981 | | 01:23:13 |
| [1706 Schlager der Woche - 02.10.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#021081) | 1981 | | 01:28:42 |
| [1711 Schlager der Woche - 06.11.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#061181) | 1981 | | 01:30:28 |
| [1712 Schlager der Woche - 13.11.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#131181) | 1981 | | 01:30:12 |
| [0000 Schlager der Woche - 28.11.1981 \*\* Sondersendung](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#281181) | 1981 | 01:30:02 | |
| [1716 Schlager der Woche - 11.12.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s111281) | 1981 | A | 01:11:53 |
| [1717 Schlager der Woche - 28.12.1981 - Rückblick 1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s281281) | 1981 | A | 01:02:58 |
| [1718 Schlager der Woche - 31.12.1981](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#311281) | 1981 | | 00:37:28 |
| |
| --- |
| **1982 - 1985** |
| [1729 Schlager der Woche - 12.03.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#000382) | 1982 | | 01:30:00 |
| [1730 Schlager der Woche - 19.03.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#260382) | 1982 | | 01:28:57 |
| [1731 Schlager der Woche - 26.03.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#190382) | 1982 | | 01:19:28 |
| [1734 Schlager der Woche - 23.04.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#230482) | 1982 | | 01:00:29 |
| [1760 Schlager der Woche - 11.10.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#s111082) | 1982 | | 01:29:01 |
| [1769 Schlager der Woche - 13.12.1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#131282) | 1982 | | 01:30:16 |
| [1770 Schlager der Woche - 20.12.1982 - Rückblick 1982](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1980_1982.html#201282) | 1982 | | 01:18:17 |
| [1775 Schlager der Woche - 24.01.1983](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#240183) | 1983 | | 01:30:16 |
| [1792 Schlager der Woche - 23.05.1983](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s230583) | 1983 | A | 00:57:52 |
| [1798 Schlager der Woche - 04.07.1983 - Rückblick 1. Halbjahr mit Dennis King](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s040783) | 1983 | A | 01:11:25 |
| [1799 Schlager der Woche - 11.07.1983 - mit Dennis King](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s110783) | 1983 | A | 00:21:40 |
| [1808 Schlager der Woche - 23.09.1983](sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#230983) | 1983 | | 01:07:21 |
| [1815 Schlager der Woche - 11.11.1983](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s111183) | 1983 | | 01:24:18 |
| [1823 Schlager der Woche - 30.12.1983 - Rückblick 1983 Teil1](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s301283) | 1983 | | 01:31:36 |
| [1824 Schlager der Woche - 02.01.1984 - Rückblick 1983 Teil2](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s020184) | 1984 | | 01:31:10 |
| [1827 Schlager der Woche - 27.01.1984 - Fr 20 Uhr](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s270184) | 1984 | | 01:25::55 |
| [1850 Schlager der Woche - 02.07.1984 - Sommerausgabe - Mo 20 Uhr](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s020784) | 1984 | A | 00:17:10 |
| [1826 Schlager der Woche - 1984/1985 - 3 Ausschnitte \*\* 16.01.84/20.01.84/20.04.85](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s000084) | 1984 | A | 01:05:10 |
| [1875 Schlager des Woche - 28.12.1984 - Rückblick 1.Halbjahr 1984 - Mo 20 Uhr](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s281284) | 1984 | A | 01:29:07 |
| [1876 Schlager des Woche - 04.01.1985 - Rückblick 2.Halbjahr 1984 - Mo 20 Uhr](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s040185) | 1985 | A | 01:29:31 |
| [1877 Schlager der Woche - 07.01.1985](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s070185) | 1985 | | 01:30:00 |
| [1887 Schlager der Woche - 18.03.1985](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#s180385) | 1985 | | 01:07:32 |
| [Schlager der Woche - Hintergrundsound & Musikbett - Udo Jürgens - Hautnah](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/sdw/sdw_rias_1983_1985.html#hautnah) | 1984 | A | 00:04:28 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Sendungen und Interviews mit Lord Knud**
[(Artikel Berliner Zeitung)](http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/der-ehemaligige-rias-star-diskjockey-lord-knud-verlor-bein--geld--freunde--job--publikum-und-macht-weiter-leute-in-deutschland-knud-kuntze-muehsame-schritte-zum-regenbogen,10810590,8876778.html) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Lord Knud \* Single "Love's A Waiting Game" \* "I`m Your Guy" Februar 1967"](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#knud1967) | 1967 | | 00:05:05 |
| [Schlagerkassette - 28.07.1968 (erste Sendung am 07.01.1968)](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#280768) | 1968 | A | 00:34:49 |
| [Die Top-Hits der ARD 1971 mit Lord Knud \*\* 05.06.1971 \*\* Ausgabe Mai](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#050671) | 1971 | | 00:45:12 |
| [RIAS Silvester-Hits-und-Gags mit Lord Knud & Detlev \* 31.12.1971/01.01.1972](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#311271) | 1971 | | 01:56:09 |
| [Die Top-Hits der ARD 1972 mit Kai Bloemer und Lord Knud \*\* 04.08.1973](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#060173) | 1973 | A | 01:56:28 |
| [RIAS \*\* RIAS-Parade-Intro vom 26.11.1973](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#261173) | 1973 | A | 00:05:30 |
| [RIAS \*\* RIAS-Parade-Jingle vom Oktober 1976](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#001076) | 1976 | | 00:02:18 |
| [Die Top-Hits der ARD 1978 mit Lord Knud \*\* 27.09.1978](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#000978) | 1978 | | 00:53:54 |
| [AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - 09.06.1979](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s090679) | 1979 | A | 00:22:29 |
| [AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - 08.1979](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#790800) | 1979 | | 00:36:24 |
| [RIAS \*\* RIAS-Parade vom 30.10.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#301081) | 1981 | | 02:15:31 |
| [AntiHitparade mit Didi Hallervorden und Lord Knud - März 1980](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s000380) | 1980 | | 00:50:36 |
| [AntiHitparade mit Frank Zander und Lord Knud - Juni 1980](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s000680) | 1980 | | 00:52:20 |
| [RIAS \*\* RIAS-Parade vom 31.10.1980](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#311080) | 1980 | | 02:21:27 |
| [RIAS-Extra-3 mit Lord Knud vom 31.05.1984](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#310584) | 1984 | A | 01:25:49 |
| [RIAS - Radio-Boutique \*\* Country mit Lord Knud und Gunter Gabriel vom 20.10.1985](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#201085) | 1985 | | 01:59:35 |
| [Have A Happy 4th July 1986 \*\* Unabhängigkeitstag (USA) vom 04.07.1986](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#s040786) | 1986 | A | 00:58:00 |
| [RIAS 2 - Popcorn mit Lord Knud vom 04.07.1986](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#040786) | 1986 | | 02:11:20 |
| [© Radio 97,2 - Interview mit Lord Knud vom 15.02.2005](sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radio972) | 2005 | A | 00:46:55 |
| [© 88vier\*Einsprechen Station-ID\*19.05.2010 von Peter Z.\*88vier Live](sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#88vier) | 2010 | A | 00:02:02 |
| [© radioeins-Interview mit Lord Knud 04.09.2011 mit Betina Rust in "Hörbar Rust"](sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radioeins_1) | 2011 | | 01:20:06 |
| [© MDR/RBB\*Youtube Kommentar\*Lord Knud\*Die 30 lustigsten Lieder - XXL](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjPy5VRkD1s) | 2011 | | 00:15:00 |
| [© radioeins-Interview Lord Knud vom 02.05.2014 mit Meryem Celik "Barfly"](sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#radioeins_2) | 2014 | | 00:54:53 |
| [© RBB Ausschnitt aus "Stadt, Rad, Hund" Betina Rust und Lord Knud 19.06.2014](sound4/rias_/knud/knud_interviews/rias_knud_interview.html#rbb) | 2014 | | 00:10:00 |
| [Lord Knud \*\* 1993 \*\* Auschnitte aus Rundfunk und Fernsehsendungen](sound4/rias_/knud/00000000_rias_knud_andere_sendungen.html#knud199394) | 1993 | | 00:14:22 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| "**Evergreens a Go-Go" mit Lord Knud****05.Oktober.1968 bis 02.Juli.1983** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 31.07.1971](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#310771) | 1971 | | 01:22:03 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 20.05.1972](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#200572) | 1972 | | 00:45:53 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 30.12.1972](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#301272) | 1975 | | 01:06:29 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 10.03.1973 + 11.08.1973](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100373) | 1973 | | 01:05:54 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 02.06.1973 \*\* mit Dieter Hilsebein](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#020673) | 1973 | A | 01:14:30 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 08.02.1975](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#080275) | 1975 | A | 00:46:05 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 18.09.1976](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#180976) | 1976 | A | 00:16:20 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 04.12.1976 \*\* Weihnachtsausgabe](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#041276) | 1976 | A | 00:60:05 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 05.02.1977](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#050277) | 1977 | A | 00:15:20 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 15.02.1977](sound4/rias_/knud/19770215_rias_agogo_01_.mp3) | 1979 | A | 00:53:30 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 500ste Sdg. \*\* Manfred Krug beim Lord nach Ausreise 01.10.1977](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#011077) | 1977 | A | 00:02:21 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 17.12.1977 \*\* Weihnachtsausgabe](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#171277) | 1977 | | 01:24:40 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 24.12.1977 \*\* Weihnachtsausgabe](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#241277) | 1977 | | 01:23:47 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 23.12.1978 \*\* Weihnachtsausgabe](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#231278) | 1978 | A | 00:48:55 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 19.05.1979](sound4/rias_/knud/19790519_rias_agogo_.mp3) | 1979 | A | 01:22:03 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 29.09.1979](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#290979) | 1979 | A | 01:09:00 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 06.10.1979](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#061079_02) | 1979 | | 02:30:56 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 24.01.1981 und 07.11.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#240181) | 1981 | | 02:30:00 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 31.01.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#240181) | 1981 | | 01:47:07 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 14.02.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#140281) | 1981 | | 00:53:23 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 17.02.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#170281) | 1981 | | 01:19:43 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 09.05.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#090581) | 1981 | | 01:29:55 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 03.10.1981](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#031081) | 1981 | A | 01:00:49 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 10.04.1982](http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100482) | 1982 | A | 00:38:22 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 18.12.1982 \*\* Weihnachtsausgabe](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#100482) | 1982 | | 01:20:10 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* 12.07.1983 \*\* **letzte Sendung**](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#120783) | 1983 | A | 00:46:31 |
| [Evergreens a Go-Go \*\* (Undatiert)](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#undatiert) | | A | 00:40:04 |
| [Evergr. a Go-Go \*\* Intro: Billy Vaughn "Happy Days Are Here Again"+Intro Weihnachten](sound4/rias_/knud/0_rias_agogo.html#billy) | | | 00:05:03 |
| ["Evergreens, Evergreens" 2x Horst Wendt-Ausschnitte vom 24.07.-24.12.1983](sound4/rias_/juhnke/841027_830424-831224_evergreens_evergreens_zusammenschnitt_wendt.html) | 1983 | | 03:30:00 |
| ["Für alle Fälle Evergreens" Harald Juhnke 1983/1984 (Nachfolge Evergreens A-Go-Go)](sound4/rias_/juhnke/fuer_alle_faelle_evergreens.html) | 1983 | | 08:00:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Rock over RIAS" mit Walter Bachauer, Barry Graves, Olaf Leitner
Burghard Rausch, Christian Graf von 1975 bis 1984** | [back](#) [to top](#) |
| [RoR \*\* Jahreswechsel - 1975/1976 + Spiegellink](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#311275) | 1975 | A | 00:37:15 |
| [RoR \*\* Rubrik Ausgeflipptes - 31.12.1976 + 3 Jingles + Spiegellink](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#311276) | 1976 | A | 00:49:35 |
| [RoR \*\* "A History Of British Pop" - Intro - 26.12.1977 - 01.01.1978 + Spiegellink](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#261277) | 1977 | A | 00:01:38 |
| [RoR \*\* 26.12.1978 bis 31.12.1978 + 5 Kurzhörspiele + Intro 1. Tag](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#271278) | 1978 | A | 00:17:00 |
| [RoR \*\* "Discodrom" vom 6.-12.08.1979 + Jingles + Intro](sound4/rias_/ror/discodrom/790808-11_discodrom.html) | 1979 | A | 09:32:19 |
| [RoR \*\* "New Wave Festival - Blick in die Zukunft" \* 21.07.1980 - 26.07.1980](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#wave) | 1980 | | 05:56:06 |
| [RoR \*\* "25 Jahre Rock & Roll" 02. bis 04.01.1981 \*\* 8 Stunden](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#020181) | 1981 | A | 07:54:17 |
| [RoR \*\* 28.12.1981 bis 03.01.1982](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#281281) | 1981 | A | 12:47:44 |
| [RoR \*\* "Spiele,Stile,Stars,Tendenzen" \*\* Weise Kaninchen und verückte Hunde](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#000084) | 1984 | A | 02:33:19 |
| [RoR \*\* "Punkrock" vom 05.09.1984](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#0002) | 1984 | A | 01:25:14 |
| [RoR \*\* verschiedene Ausschnitte (Outro+Testton Sendepause+Tanzpalast 1985)](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html#0003) | 198? | A | 00:55:09 |
| [RoR \*\* © DRKultur-Aus den Archiven "Rock over RIAS" Olaf Leitner vom 25.12.2009](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a251209) | 2009 | | 00:57:00 |
| [RoR \*\* © NDR-Kultur "Rock over RIAS" Olaf Leitner mit Petra Riess am 09.11.2019](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#091119) | 2019 | | 00:13:47 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Lange Nächte" mit Olaf Leitner,
Walter Bachauer, Burghard Rausch****Dennis King, S.S.-Joos, Christian Graf, Barry Graves, Uwe Wohlmacher** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Lange Nacht des **Elvis Aron Presley** aus 1976](sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#elvis) | 1976 | A | 05:24:57 |
| [Lange Nacht des Blues vom 19.05.1981 mit **Alexis korner&Tony Sheridan&Steve Baker**](sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#190681) | 1981 | A | 01:36:19 |
| [Lange Nacht des **John Lennon** vom Dezember 1981](sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#lennon) | 1981 | | 05:34:55 |
| [Lange Nacht der **Rolling Stones** vom 17.07.1982](sound4/rias_/ror/lennon/lennon01.html#stones) | 1982 | A | 03:03:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Barry Graves (RIAS, Radio B1, Radio Fritz, SFB, Radio4U)
(Jürgen Deutschmann) [Link zu: Wikipedia](http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_89) [& Studio 89](http://studio89.de)** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Barry Graves Site mit RIAS + SSB-Mitschnitten](graves.htm) | | | 202 St. |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Jugendwelle RIAS 2"
(auf 943)** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Jugendwelle RIAS 2 auf 943" \*\* **Jingles**](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | A | 00:36:32 |
| ["**Musik nach der Schule**" Nr.123 mit Gregor Rottschalk im Rudolf-Winde-Park](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule) | 1983 | | 00:45:43 |
| ["**Musik nach der Schule**" Nr.140 mit Gregor Rottschalk zur Funkausstellung](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule) | 1983 | | 00:44:01 |
| ["**Radioboutique**" - Wunschkabarett mit Wolfgang Zinke](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#wunsch) | 198? | A | 00:33:41 |
| ["**Extra 2**"\*Christoph Brüssel\*Vorstellung Programm-Schema ab 30.09.1985 vom 29.09.85](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j290985) | 1985 | | 02:00:02 |
| [**"Eurohitparade"** mit Dennis King aus 1985](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#eurohit) | 1985 | | 00:54:00 |
| ["**Diskothek**" mit Jo Eager vom November 1985](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j290985) | 1985 | A | 01:34:32 |
| ["Rocknachrichten" + "**Popcorn**" (1986), "**Radioboutique**" + "12 bis 2" (1987)](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j19861987) | 1986 | A | 00:50:18 |
| ["**Radioboutique**" - Hits 1986 mit Henry Gross vom 26.12.1986](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j261286) | 1986 | | 04:46:51 |
| ["**Radio Puzzle**" + "**Popcorn**" vom 08.02.1987 ca.14:15-14:40 Uhr + Jingles](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j080287) | 1987 | A | 00:25:05 |
| ["**Radio Puzzle**" mit Elmar Hörig - 01.06.1987 - 11:35-12:00 Uhr](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j010687) | 1987 | | 00:24:30 |
| ["**Wunschhits**" mit Henry Gross aus 1987](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000087) | 1987 | | 00:37:40 |
| ["**Radioboutique**" \* "Weihnachten mit den Beatles"\*Gabi Schulz \* K.Klein vom 25.12.1987](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j251287) | 1987 | A | 01:02:09 |
| ["**Top1001**" auf RIAS 2 vom 23.06.1988 - 26.06.1988](sound4/rias_/top1001/880623_rias_top1001_0400_bis_880626_1520.htm) | 1988 | A | 15:30:00 |
| ["**Silvesterparty**" - RIAS 2 & DT64 vom 31.12.1989](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j311289) | 1989 | A | 00:11:53 |
| ["**5 Jahre Jugendwelle**" mit Henry Gross, A.Dorfmann, D.Persh \*\* aus der Hasenheide](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000090) | 1990 | A | 00:14:02 |
| ["**Topline**" **-** Top30 mit Andreas Dorfmann vom 15.04.1990](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#150490) | 1990 | | 02:24:15 |
| ["**Topline**" - Top30 mit Désirée Persh vom 22.07.1990](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#220790) | 1990 | A | 02:16:59 |
| ["**Topline**" **-** Top30 mit Désirée Persh vom 28.12.1991](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#281291) | 1991 | A | 00:52:16 |
| ["**Musicspecial**" - RIAS2 - "Ringos Yellow Submarine" Georg Kranz \* aus 3 Sendungen](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j000001) | | A | 00:20:15 |
| ["**Rias 2 Closedown** am 31.05.1992 mit Henry Gross \*\* Start R.S.2 Uwe Hessemüller](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#j310592) | 1992 | A | 00:37:48 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Jingles
Intros/Outros** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["RIAS2 -Die Single" + "Rap & Piano" - The Jay Jays](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | | 00:07:55 |
| ["Rock of the Week" mit Uwe Wohlmacher Intro](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | A | 00:00:34 |
| ["Club 18" mit John Hendrik und Eve - Jazz für alle - Intro + kurzer Ausschnitt](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | 1966 | A | 00:02:17 |
| ["Mischkothek" mit Olaf Leitner](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | A | 00:00:39 |
| ["Radio Puzzle" + "Popcorn" vom 08.02.1987 ca.14:15-14:40 Uhr](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | 1987 | A | 00:25:05 |
| ["Radioexpress" Intros mit Cristoph Bruessel](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | 1987 | A | 00:01:32 |
| ["Jugendwelle RIAS 2 auf 943" - Jingles RIAS2](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#tjingles) | | A | 00:06:32 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Hans Rosenthal**
[Wikipedia](http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Rosenthal) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Diverse Ausschnitte aus Sendungen mit Hans Rosenthal](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | | A | 00:24:51 |
| [Hans Rosenthal unterhält sich mit Insterburg & Co.](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | 1975 | A | 00:06:07 |
| ["Spass muss sein" mit Hans Rosenthal](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | 1975 | A | 00:36:44 |
| ["Spass muss sein" mit Hans Rosenthal](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | 1976 | A | 00:39:08 |
| ["Das klingende Sonntagsrätsel"](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | | | 00:24:10 |
| [Private Schallplattenaufnahme mit Hans Rosenthal, Werner Hass, Tatjana Sais](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | | | 00:04:29 |
| ["Noten,die verboten wurden" mit H.Rosenthal - Theater der freien Volksbühne - 05.02.1983](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | 1983 | A | 00:50:20 |
| [Sondersendung zum Tod Hans Rosenthal - Herbert Kundler & Horst Kintscher - 10.02.1987](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html) | 1987 | | 00:37:26 |
| [Themenabend Hans Rosenthal - "... das war Spitze!" vom 25.01.2006](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a250106) | 2006 | | 01:17:59 |
| [DLR-"Allein gegen alle"-Alle Folgen 1963-1977-gekürzt & kommentiert (Länge:145:40)](sound4/rias_/rosen/hans_rosenthal.html#allein) | 2007 | | 145:40 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"RIAS vor Mitternacht" mit Uwe Wohlmacher, B.Rausch, Olaf Leitner,****Christian Graf, Joachim Deike, Ute Kannenberg, Holly Jane Rahlens** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Erwachen heiterer Gefühle" - Bernd Witthüser - Olaf Leitner RIAS aus 1973](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#heiter) | 1973 | A | 01:00:05 |
| ["Rolling Stones Rarities " - eine Sendung von Uwe Wohlmacher](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#rarities) | 198x | | 01:30:05 |
| ["Kraftwerk" - eine Sendung von Christian Graf](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#kraftwerk) | 198x | A | 00:52:37 |
| ["The Doors" - Back Door Man - Jim Morrison - Vierteilig mit Christian Graf](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#doors) | 198x | A | 02:30:02 |
| ["Rockavantgarde England" mit Uwe Wohlmacher](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#avantgarde) | 1980 | | 01:25:21 |
| ["British Alternative Charts" mit Burghard Rausch](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#alternative) | 1980 | | 01:24:08 |
| ["Reggae Radio" mit Uwe Wohlmacher](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#reggae) | 1980 | | 01:25:21 |
| ["Live Rockfestival" mit Burghard Rausch](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#live) | 1981 | | 00:55:00 |
| ["Ringos Greatest Hits" mit Christian Graf](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#ringo) | | A | 00:22:28 |
| ["Beatlemania" mit Uwe Wohlmacher vom 10.12.1981](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#beatlemania) | 1981 | | 01:30:00 |
| ["Der Dicke vom Blueberry Hill" - Fats Domino mit Olaf Leitner](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#domino) | 1981 | | 00:57:28 |
| ["Southernrock" - Christian Graf \*\* 12 Sendungen von 1980 - 1984](sound4/rias_/mitter/southernrock/southernrock.html) | 1980 | | 18:00:00 |
| ["Goldene 8 Meilen" Rockmusik mit Überlängen - Intro - 06.03.82 mit Christian Graf](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#meilen) | 198X | | 01:34:04 |
| ["Vielsaitig" Gitaristen und Griffbrettserver mit Joachim Deike vom 06.02.1985](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#vielsaitig) | 1985 | | 01:44:09 |
| ["Ballroom Blitz" mit Joachim Deike vom 13.03.1985](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html) | 1985 | | 01:44:48 |
| ["Summertime Blues" mit Holly Jane Rahlens vom 14.08.1985](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#summertime) | 1985 | | 01:44:04 |
| ["Thats Live" mit Ute Kannenberg vom 31.07.1985](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html) | 1985 | | 01:45:03 |
| ["Nachtschicht" Independent-Charts mit Burghard Rausch vom 19.12.1985](sound4/rias_/mitter/000000_rias_vor_mitternacht.html#nachtschicht) | 1985 | A | 00:33:13 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Gregor Rottschalk (Christian Heilburg)**[(Wikipedia)](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Rottschalk) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Rocknachrichten mit Gregor Rottschalk vom April 1968](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r000468) | 1968 | A | 00:12:45 |
| ["Jimi Hendrix" Kurzportrait mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 19.09.1970](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r190970) | 1970 | A | 00:08:15 |
| ["Treffpunkt Popshow" mit Gregor Rottschalk aus 1972](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#pop05) | 1972 | | 00:28:03 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 22.11.1973](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#221173) | 1973 | | 00:44:42 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 15.07.1975](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#150775) | 1975 | A | 00:42:13 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 22.02.1975](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#220275) | 1975 | A | 00:16:41 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 05.08.1975](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#050875) | 1975 | A | 00:16:41 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 16.03.1976](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r160376) | 1976 | A | 00:37:08 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 09.08.1977](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r090877) | 1977 | A | 00:46:18 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 31.08.1980](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r310880) | 1980 | A | 00:48:47 |
| [Schlagerkassette vom 23.01.1981](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/19810123_rias_schlagerkassette_rottschalk_waterloo.mp3) | 1981 | A | 00:45:19 |
| [Singles:"Ra-Ta-Ta" + "Das Band mit deinem Namen" + "Warum isser nur.."](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#rsingles) | 1975 | | 00:07:59 |
| ["Treffpunkt RIAS2" - 10 Jahre Treffpunkt - Monsterhits 1970 vom 20.09.1978](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t200978) | 1978 | | 01:15:06 |
| ["Zunder von Zander" Die Frank Zander-Show vom 01.04.1979](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r010479) | 1979 | | 01:18:29 |
| ["Musik nach der Schule" Nr.123 mit Gregor Rottschalk im Rudolf-Winde-Park](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule) | 1983 | | 00:45:43 |
| ["Musik nach der Schule" Nr.140 mit Gregor Rottschalk zur Funkausstellung](sound4/rias_/jugendwelle/19850929_pilot_rias2.html#schule) | 1983 | | 00:44:01 |
| ["Treffpunkt Popshow"-Kraftwerk/Iron Butterfly/Mamas&Papas/Intro](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r03) | 1981 | A | 00:10:00 |
| ["Musik nach der Schule" vom 30.12.1982 und 14.12.1984](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#schule) | 1982 | | 00:56:00 |
| ["Treffpunkt RIAS2"-Spezial "Musik die aus dem Regen kommt" 06.12.1982](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t061282) | 1982 | A | 00:31:45 |
| ["Berlincharts" vom 22.12.1985 / Jan.1988 / Nov. 1988 / Monsteransagen / Intro](sound4/rias_/berlincharts/851222_berlincharts.html) | 1985 | A | 00:57:02 |
| ["Listen To The Band" jahrelanges Treffpunkt Intro von Gregor Rottschalk](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r000000) | 19XX | | 00:01:00 |
| [Interview mit Gregor Rottschalk vom 06.02.2006](sound4/rias_/rott/schlagerkassette/schlagerkassette_popshow_musik_nach_schule.html#r060206) | 2006 | | 00:09:08 |
| [1992 Hundert 6 \*\* Berlin Charts \*\* mit Gregor Rottschalk \*\* Ausschnitte](sound4/rias_/berlincharts/851222_berlincharts.html) | 1992 | | 00:19:59 |
| [Interview Jörg Wagner mit Gregor Rottschalk - © RBB - 26.01.2013 - 12:05 Uhr](sound4/legendenrbbradioeins/130126_12_radioeinsgregor.html#gregor1) | 2013 | | 00:22:06 |
| [Radiolegenden - Gregor Rottschalk - © RBB vom 29.01.2013 - 10:00 - 13:00 Uhr](sound4/legendenrbbradioeins/130126_12_radioeinsgregor.html#gregor2) | 2013 | | 02:21:43 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Nero Brandenburg**
[Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero_Brandenburg) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Treffpunkt RIAS 2" - Nero Brandenburg - 07.12.1974 und Gregor Rottschalk - 30.11.1974](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#071274) | 1974 | A | |
| ["Treffpunkt RIAS 2"](sound4/rias_/punkt/000000_rias_treffpunkt.html#t000078) | 1978 | A | 00:30:41 |
| ["Klaatu" vom 18.02.1978](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n180278) | 1978 | | 01:29:55 |
| ["Memories Memories" vom 31.08.1980](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n310880) | 1980 | A | 00:33:14 |
| ["Hallo Schlagerfans - Hörertipparade" vom 05.12.1982](sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero_.html#n051282) | 1982 | | 01:00:00 |
| ["Neros Schlagerladen" aus 1984](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n000084) | 1984 | | 01:10:19 |
| ["7. Schlagermarathon" mit Nero Brandenburg & Melanie Sanders vom Dez.1984](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#s001284) | 1984 | | 01:19:02 |
| ["Neros Schlagerparade" vom Oktober 1988](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n001088) | 1988 | A | 00:46:14 |
| ["Neros Schlagerparade" vom Januar 1990](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n000190) | 1990 | | 00:34:37 |
| ["Brücke der Sympathie" aus dem ICC Berlin mit Nero Brandenburg vom 24.03.1990](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n240390) | 1990 | | 02:23:12 |
| ["10 Jahre Schlager Parade" - aus dem Ernst-Reuter Saal mit Nero Brandenburg -11.01.1991](http://rias1.de/sound4/rias_/nero/000000_nero.html#n110191) | 1991 | | 01:50:12 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Walter Bachauer**
[*Berliner Rockwiki*](http://www.rockinberlin.de/index.php?title=Walter_Bachauer) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Lange Nacht "**Vladimir Horowitz**" \* 1978 \* Ausschnitte \*
Joachim Kaiser \* Walter Bachauer](sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html) | 1978 | | 03:16:12 |
| ["Gruppenbild mit Taktstock"Â \*\* **Leonard Bernstein**Â von Berry Graves \*\* Walter Bachauer](sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html#121072) | 1972 | | 00:51:44 |
| [DRkultur "Tonart" **Clara Mondshine** \*\* Walter Bachauer \* Avantgardist \* von Olaf Leitner](sound4/rias_/bachauer/00_bachauer.html#280106) | 2006 | | 02:34:39 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Rik DeLisle**
[Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rik_De_Lisle) | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Intro Denis King, Uwe Wohlmacher & Uwe Schneider (zum Teil gesprochen v.Rik DeLisle)](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000080) | 1980 | | 00:01:33 |
| [Riks Rap](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000082) | 1982 | | 00:03:11 |
| [Riks Radio Waves](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000084) | 1984 | | 00:02:58 |
| ["Rock mit Rik" vom 31.03.1984 (erste Sendung mit Rik)](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r310384) | 1984 | A | 00:39:56 |
| [Dr.Zimmermann vom Zeitzeicheninstitut](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000085) :-) | 1985 | A | 00:10:20 |
| ["Frühstart" mit Rik vom 12.06.1986](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r120686) | 1986 | A | 00:32:12 |
| [Popcorn mit Rik aus 1990](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000090) | 1990 | A | 00:12:12 |
| ["Frühstart" mit Rik (letzte Frühstart-Sendung mit Rik) vom 28.09.1990](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r280990) | 1990 | A | 00:14:12 |
| [Riks bei RTL 104.6 \*\* Sendestart am 09.09.1991](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#rtl) | 1991 | A | 00:06:42 |
| [Riks Radio-Geschichten - Die RIAS-Jahre auf RS2](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000001) | 20xx | A | 00:09:42 |
| [Riks Birthday Song auf "Kiss FM" 2009](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#r000002) | 2009 | A | 00:03:09 |
| [Rik im Interview auf SRB mit Hendrik Püschel am 29.06.2011](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#srb) | 2011 | A | 00:27:39 |
| [Rik erzählt über seine Jahre in Berlin](sound4/rias_/rik/000000_riks_files.html#berlin) | 2014 | A | 00:45:03 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"RIAS Rundfunk International"
Kurzwellenclub mit Armin Amler** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["RIAS Rundfunk International" Sendungen des RIAS Kurzwellenclubs 1972-1974](sound4/rias_/kurzwellenclub/kuzwellenclub.html) | 1972 | A | 01:43:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Ewalds Schlagerparade"
mit Ewald Wenck** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Ewalds Schlagerparade" 4 Sendungsausschnitte + Radiolegenden-Aus den Archiven](sound4/rias_/ewald/ewaldsschlagerparade.html) | | A | 01:29:06 |
| [© DLR Kultur 05.04.10 - Aus den Archiven - Radiolegenden "Ewald Wenck](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a050410) | 2010 | | 00:55:25 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **RIAS Jazz
mit Friedrich Schoenfelder und Manfred Krug** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Bildstörung" 5 Sendungen mit Manfred Krug aus 1982](sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html#krug) | 1982 | | 04:30:00 |
| ["It's Jazzical Time \* Musicalmelodien ausgewählt & präsentiert von Friedrich Schoenfelder](sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html) | 1982 | | 01:47:00 |
| ["Musicspecial - Idole" Frank Sinatra Teil 5-17.12.85 mit Siegfried Schmidt-Joos](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#sinatra) | 1985 | | 01:02:06 |
| ["RIAS Jazznacht" \* "Schoenfelders kleine Jazzmusik" \* Evergreens \*1986\*1992](sound4/rias_/jazz/jazznacht.html) | 1986 | | 03:41:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Aus den Archiven": RIAS-Legenden \*\* RIAS-Sendungen
Deutschlandradio Kultur\*Lange Nacht \*\* Im RIAS gesendete Features** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Mitschnitte des Deutschlandradios Kultur](ausdenarchiven.htm) | | | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Musicbox"
mit Beate Hasenau, Felix Knemöller, Erwin Palm und Till Hofmann** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Musicbox" 38 Sendungen von 1964 bis 1977](sound4/rias_/musicbox/musicbox.html) | 1973 | | 35:00:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Hörspiele: Familie Buchholz, Es geschah in Berlin, Papa, Charly hat gesagt,
Damals war's, Familie Krause, Pension Spreewitz, Van Dusen, Käpt'n Kipp Dotter** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Familie Buchholz" (1950 - 1952 mit 40 Folgen)](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/buchholz/buchholz.html) | 1950 | | 02:30:00 |
| ["Obst und Gemüse" heiteres Spiel aus dem heutigen Berlin aus 1951](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000051) | 1951 | | 01:05:00 |
| ["Asternplatz" von Heinz Oskar Wuttig - Menschen nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg in Berlin](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#astern) | 1952 | | 01:03:00 |
| ["Nachtwache" von Heinz Oskar Wuttig - Wachtmeister Schäfer hat Nachtdienst](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#nacht) | 1953 | | 01:07:00 |
| ["Salto Mortale" - Problemstück m.Gesang u.Tanz - Komödie am Kurfürstendamm](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#hsalto) | 1951 | | 01:10:52 |
| ["Es geschah in Berlin" (499 Folgen von 1951 bis 1972 gesendet)](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/esgeschahinberlin/esgeschahinberlin.html) | 1951 | | 09:30:00 |
| ["Ausgerechnet Kientopp" - Eine Monster-Film-Revue vom 21.06.1952](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h210652) | 1952 | | 00:42:55 |
| ["Familie Krause" - Mit Krausens in die Ferien - Krauses gehen zu Kroll](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/krauses/krauses.html) | 1957 | | 03:00:00 |
| ["Pension Spreewitz" (ab 1957 gesendet - 64 von 150 Folgen)](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/spreewitz/pensionspreewitz.html) | 1957 | | 21:00:00 |
| ["Der Geburtstag oder: Soll man Vergangenes ruhen lassen?"](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000058) | 1958 | | 01:50:00 |
| ["... und dennoch spukts in Tegel" \*
Gespräche mit Gespenstern \*
RIAS 28.04.1962](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h280462) | 1962 | | 00:28:56 |
| ["Mal so gesehen... Ein- und Ausblicke mit Musik"-Eine Sendung v. Max Wegener](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#hmalso) | 196? | | 00:57:35 |
| ["Damals wars - Geschichten aus dem alten Berlin" \*\* Folge 01 bis 40](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/damalswars/damalswars_01_bis_40.html) | 1969 | | 205:18:0 |
| ["Dies Blutbild ist bezaubernd schön" Vampir-Hörspiel von Michael Koser](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000000) | 197? | | 00:29:13 |
| ["Herr Lupfhügel am Sonntagmorgen" mit Thierry und Edith Elsholtz von 1971-83](sound4/rias_/lupfhuegel/lupfhuegel.html) | 1971 | | 02:00:00 |
| ["Papa, Charly hat gesagt..." (600 Folgen von 1972 bis 1987)](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/papa_c_h_g/papa_c_h_g.html) | 1972 | | 02:00:00 |
| ["Lucy in the sky with diamonds" aus 1972](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h000072) | 1972 | | 00:14:25 |
| ["Der Fall Justine"
\* Eine Durbridge-Parodie von Samuel Low
vom 10.02.1972](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h100272) | 1972 | | 00:23:55 |
| ["Van Dusen" (ab 1978 gesendet) inkl. Quiz-Show aus 1986](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html) | 1978 | | 03:56:00 |
| ["Graves bei Nacht"-Hörspiele"The Beatles In Person"-16.-19.04.1974](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/gravesbeatles/filmohren_03_george.html#john) | 1974 | | 04:10:00 |
| [DRK 03.-04.2013-Archiv-Hörspiele-John/Paul/George/Ringo 16+17+18+19.04.1974](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/gravesbeatles/filmohren_03_george.html#beinachtbeatles) | 1974 | | 03:40:00 |
| ["Rock Over RIAS" 26.12.1978 bis 31.12.1978- 5 Kurzhörspiele](sound4/rias_/ror/1976/76_84_rias_ror.html) | 1978 | A | 00:03:34 |
| ["Die Abenteuer des Käpt'n Kipp Dotter" 2 Folgen mit Elmar Hoerig](sound4/rias_/hoerspiel/000000_hoerspiele.html#h0000002) | | | 00:05:48 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Onkel Tobias" (Fritz Genschow)
"Der Onkel Tobias vom RIAS ist da..."** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Onkel Tobias"- 4 Geschichten (Räuberwirtshaus\*Der Zaubersack\*Weihnachtszimmer)](sound4/rias_/onkeltobias/onkel_tobias.html) | 1957 | | 01:30:00 |
| [© Deutschlandradio Kultur 01.01.10-Aus den Archiven-"Onkel Tobias vom RIAS](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a010110) | 2010 | | 00:55:13 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Features : Beat im Sozialismus \* Grateful Dead \* Mark Twain \* Jimi Hendrix
Ich nannte mich Jagger \* Grateful Dead \* Rolling Stones \* Yoko Ono \* uvm.** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["**Und abends in die Scala"** Streifzüge durch ein Berliner Varieté" vom 08.08.1954](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fscala) | 1954 | | 00:51:22 |
| ["**Die alte Voss**" - Zur Geschichte der Vossischen Zeitung aus 1958 v.Werner Brink](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fvoss) | 1958 | | 00:52:02 |
| [Jugendfunk "**Zwei Faden Wasser**"\*Hörbild über Mark Twain\*05.06.+ 03.07.1964](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#f050664) | 1964 | | 00:53:04 |
| ["**Kennen sie Hugo**" von Manfred Stanke mit Götz Clarèn und Willy Knecht-1964](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fhugo) | 1968 | | 00:53:25 |
| ["Signale in Beat - **Die Jugend und ihre Pop-Musik**" von Siegfried Schmidt-Joos](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fsignale) | 1968 | | 00:53:27 |
| ["**Tip(ps) fuer den Alltag**" von Wolfgang Altendorf - Eine hübsche Albernheit !](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#ftip) | 1969 | | 00:53:25 |
| ["**Rockband mit Guerilla-Schminke**"\*Porträt der Stones von Barry Graves v. 08.07.1970](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#schminke) | 1970 | | 00:53:06 |
| ["**Beat im Sozialismus** - Die neue Pop-Musik in DDR" vom 29.03.1973](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fbeat) | 1973 | | 00:52:24 |
| ["Voilá un homme-**Musikal.Rendezvous-Yves Montand**" Ingrid Tourneau-15.11.1974](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fyves) | 1974 | | 00:51:27 |
| ["Die Kommune der dankbaren Toten"- Barry Graves über die **Grateful Dead** aus 1975](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fdead) | 1975 | | 00:52:20 |
| ["**Ich nannte mich Jagger**" vom 08.04.1976](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fjagger) | 1976 | | 00:52:06 |
| ["**Unterwegs nach Utopia**" von Bodo Rollka vom 24.02.1977](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#futopia) | 1977 | | 00:54:06 |
| ["Requiem in Rock" **Rockstars, die zu früh starben**. von Olaf Leitner vom 16.11.1977](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#frequiem) | 1977 | | 00:54:52 |
| ["**Mary schrie der Wind**"-Das Leben des Jimi Hendrix von Olaf Leitner vom 21.08.1980](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fmary) | 1980 | | 00:52:43 |
| ["Mick Jagger oder **Moos auf rollendem Stein**" von Olaf Leitner vom 21.10.1980](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a080712) | 1980 | | 00:54:48 |
| ["**Dünnes Eis**" \*\* Yoko Ono \*\* von Peter Urban vom 06.02.1983](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fyoko) | 1983 | | 00:50:49 |
| ["**Von Liverpool nach Karl-Marx-Stadt**-Die Geschichte der Beatles in der DDR" aus 1984](sound4/rias_/feature/00000000_features.html#fliverpool) | 1984 | | 00:51:43 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Pinsel & Schnorchel"
Politisches Funkkabarett** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Pinsel & Schnorchel" - Spitze Töne - Politische Satire des RIAS](sound4/rias_/pinsel/pinsel_und_schnorchel.html) | | | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Legenden & Portraits:
Wilhelm Bendow \* Bing Crosby \* Hans Rosenthal
Heinz Rühmann \* Hans Albers \* Bob Dylan \* John Lennon \* Curt Goetz \* ua.** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["War das nicht wunderschön" - Erinnerung an **Wilhelm Bendow** vom 20.08.1950](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#wilhelm) | 1950 | | 00:53:58 |
| ["Ein Berliner macht Musike"-75. Geburtstag von **Otto Kermbach** mit Ivo Veit v. 30.03.1957](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#otto) | 1957 | | 00:29:37 |
| [RIAS \*\* 10 Jahre RIAS Tanzorchester aus 1958](http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#000058) | 1958 | | 00:50:10 |
| ["Sie kamen, sangen, siegten-**Die Beatles**-Von Liverpool in den Buckinghampalast aus 1965](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#beatles) | 1965 | | 00:46:46 |
| ["Im Reiche des Lincke" - Hundertster Geburtstag des Berliner Komponisten **Paul Lincke**](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#lincke) | 1966 | | 02:07:00 |
| ["Wir erinnern uns gern" - Gedenken an **Olaf Bienert** vom 05.10.1967 mit Curth Flatow](http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#olaf) | 1967 | | 00:40:36 |
| ["2 Amerikaner in Berlin\*RIAS-Tanzorchester\*Dave Hildinger\*Mark White\*Karin Jugo](http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#061267) | 1967 | | 00:51:44 |
| ["Gruppenbild mit Taktstock" **\*\* Leonard Bernstein** von Berry Graves/Walter Bachauer](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#121072) | 1972 | | 00:51:44 |
| ["Erinnerung an Film-&Schlagerkomp.**Michael Jary**"-70.Geb.-J.Cadenbach 23.10.1976](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#michael) | 1976 | | 00:52:36 |
| ["Erinnerungen an **Hans Albers**" mit Joachim Cadenbach aus 1976](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#hans) | 1976 | | 00:52:18 |
| ["That's What Life Is All About" - Erinnerungen an **Bing Crosby** aus 1976](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#bing) | 1976 | | 01:18:17 |
| ["Erinnerungen an **Heinz Rühmann**" 75. Geburtstag 08.03.1977 m. Joachim Cadenbach](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#heinz) | 1977 | | 00:58:50 |
| ["Wenn auch die Jahre enteilen" Gespräch **Edith Schollwer** mit R.G.Wagner v. 11.12.1977](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#edith) | 1977 | | 00:57:37 |
| ["Ein Berliner aus Kiel" 75.Geburtstag **Hans Söhnker** vom 07.10.78 mit Hans Rosenthal](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#hans2) | 1978 | | 01:18:20 |
| ["Wir erinnern uns gern"-**Eine fröhliche Gedenksendung** vom 19.11.1978 mit Curth Flatow](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth) | 1978 | | 00:59:24 |
| ["Mind Games" Gehirnspiele\*8-teilige Sendereihe über **John Lennon** von S.Schmidt-Joos](sound4/rias_/mind_games/810000_mind_games.html) | 1981 | | 06:12:05 |
| ["Von der Fuge bis zum Foxtrott" 60ster Geburtstag **H.Riethmüller**-H.Rosenthal-23.12.1981](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#heinrich) | 1981 | | 00:44:38 |
| ["LaÃt den Kopf nicht hängen ..." Erinnerungen\*P**aul Lincke**\*Rolf Goetze aus 1982](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#rolf) | 1982 | | 01:18:25 |
| ["Mr. Tambourine Man" - Eine Annäherung an **Bob Dylan** aus 1982 von S.S.Jost](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#dylan) | 1982 | | 06:40:00 |
| ["**Zarah Leander**" RIAS-Geschichten mit Musik vom 04.04.1982 \*\* 53:08](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#040482) | 1982 | | 00:53:08 |
| ["Ein gewisser **Theo aus Lingen**" von Franz Otto Krüger vom 18.05.1983](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html) | 1983 | | 00:52:30 |
| ["Ein Berliner aus Frankfurt"-zum Tod von **Ivo Veit** vom 13.04.1984 mit Horst Kintscher](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#ivo) | 1984 | | 00:44:32 |
| ["**Willi Kollo** - Seine Melodien, sein Leben" vom 28. April 1984](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#willi) | 1984 | | 01:18:56 |
| ["Ach ist der Rasen schön grün ..."-100er Geburtstag **Wilhelm Bendow** vom 28.09.1984](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#wilhelm) | 1984 | | 00:53:58 |
| [**Curth Flatow** -"Der Mann, der sich traut" von Hans-Rosenthal vom 11.01.1985](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth2) | 1985 | | 00:54:31 |
| [**Curth Flatow** \* Die lange Nacht \*
mit Waldemar Overkaemping aus 1985](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curth3) | 1985 | A | 01:39:11 |
| [Das Leben der Rock-Legende **Janis Joplin** (1943-1970) in fünf Teilen aus 1985](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#janis) | 1985 | | 04:19:08 |
| [Biografie über Schauspieler und Komödiant **Curt Goetz** von Bernd W.Wessling-Okt.1985](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#curt) | 1985 | | 01:23:00 |
| ["Musicspecial - Idole" **Frank Sinatra** Teil 5-17.12.85 mit Siegfried Schmidt-Joos](sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#sinatra) | 1985 | | 01:02:06 |
| ["Satchmo 85"-85.Geburtstag **Louis Armstrong** mit John Hendrik vom 07.08.1986](http://www.rias1.de/sound4/rias_/portraits/000000_legenden_portraits.html#louis) | 1986 | | 01:23:18 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Radiogeschichte \* Radio History
Sendungen zur Radio-Geschichte** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [**RIAS** **Jahresrückblick 1947** \* der aktuellen Abteilung des RIAS vom 31.12.1947](legenden.htm#r311247) | 1947 | | 00:46:38 |
| [Geschichte **im Spiegel der Nachrichten** 1920-1976](timeline_nachrichten.htm) | 1920 | A | |
| [ARD Ring-Sendung "**40 Jahre Rundfunk**" vom 28.10.1963](legenden.htm#r281063) | 1963 | | 01:56:43 |
| ["25 Jahre **RIAS** Aus der ZDF-Reihe 'Drüben' vom 31.01.1971](legenden.htm#r310171) | 1971 | | 00:18:57 |
| ["Im Brennpunkt"-Zeitgeschehen-**25 Jahre RIAS-Reportagen** mit G.Pfitzmann \* 05.02.71](legenden.htm#050271) | 1971 | | 01:18:38 |
| ["**Der Schwarze Kanal**"
Zum 25. Geburtstag des **RIAS** vom 18.02.1971](legenden.htm#r180271) | 1971 | | 00:19:12 |
| ["**Am Anfang war das Radio**" die weltweite Entstehung des Rundfunks in 7 Teilen](legenden.htm#anfang) | 1971 | | 06:00:00 |
| ["**25 Jahre ARD** \*\*
Eine Würdigung des RIAS
vom 12.06.1975](legenden.htm#r120675) | 1975 | A | 00:13:37 |
| ["So wars ..."(Rückblick auf den **RIAS vor 25 Jahren**) - Juli 1979](legenden.htm#r000779) | 1979 | A | 00:48:18 |
| ["**40 Jahre RIAS**" - Geburtstagssendung vom Februar 1986](legenden.htm#40jahre) | 1986 | A | 01:19:11 |
| **[RIAS \*\* Von der Wundermaschine zum Radio (12 Teile aus 1988/1989)](legenden.htm#8889)** | 1988 | | 11:00:00 |
| ["**45 Jahre RIAS**" - Geburtstagssendung vom Februar 1991](legenden.htm#r000291) | 1991 | A | 01:20:12 |
| [SWF-"**Die Welt im Haus**-Rundfunk u. Hörspiel in der Weimarer Republik" v.W.Wessels](legenden.htm#welt) | 1991 | | 01:59:00 |
| ["**RIAS2 Closedown** am 31.05.1992 mit Henry Gross](sound4/rias_/riashistory/abschied/abschied.html#310592) | 1992 | A | 00:14:21 |
| [SDR-"**Eine Reise ins Glück mit Mind Machines und Audio Tapes**"
v.W.Wessels](legenden.htm#reise) | 1993 | | 00:24:09 |
| [DRK-"**Echtzeit - oder wie E-Gitarren uns wiedervereinen**" von Walter Filz](legenden.htm#echtzeit) | 1993 | | 00:54:18 |
| [RIAS-Bildungsprogr. **Radio-Geschichte** seiner Formen (1)-**Reportage**](http://rias1.de/legenden.htm#030793) | 1993 | | 00:54:25 |
| [RIAS-Bildungsprogr. **Radio-Geschichte** seiner Formen (6)-**Propaganda-Meinung**](legenden.htm#070893) | 1993 | | 00:53:01 |
| [RIAS - **Thema: Deutschlandradio** vom 17.06.1993](legenden.htm#history) | 1993 | | 00:24:11 |
| [**Bye,Bye RIAS** vom 31.12.93\*48 Jahre RIAS die letzte Sendung\*erste Minuten DR Berlin](sound4/rias_/riashistory/abschied/abschied.html) | 1993 | A | 04:30:00 |
| ["Für Tausende **ersetzt das Radio den TheatergenuÃ**"-Zw.Bühnenkunst & Medienereignis](legenden.htm#tausende) | 1999 | | 01:29:31 |
| [28.01.06 - Eine **lange Nacht - 'RIAS'** vom 28.01.2006](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a280106) | 2006 | | 02:55:31 |
| [Deutschlandfunk-Markt & Medien-Spezial "**Vom DIAS zum RIAS**" vom 06.02.2016](legenden.htm#r060216) | 2016 | | 00:23:20 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **RIAS Aktuell-Rundschau am Morgen/Mittag/Abend
Berlin am Morgen** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [RIAS Aktuell \* Rundschau am Morgen \* Mittag \* Abend \* Ausschnitte von 1968-1986](sound4/rias_/rundschau/rundschau/rias_aktuell_rundschau.html) | 1968 | A | 04:00:00 |
| [RIAS Zeitfunk \*\* Berlin am Morgen \*\* 1959-1964](sound4/rias_/rundschau/rundschau/rias_aktuell_rundschau.html#berlinammorgen) | 1959 | A | 03:30:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Rückblende"
vom 3. Juni 1954 bis zum Herbst 1975 mit 202 Folgen** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Die Rückblende](sound4/rias_/rueckblende/rueckblende_o.html) | | | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Kutte kennt sich aus"
mit Heimatforscher Kurt Pomplun** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Kutte kennt sich aus" mit Heimatforscher Kurt Pomplun](sound4/rias_/kutte/kutte.html) | | | 48:00:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Schulklassengespräche:
mit Erich Kästner \* Werner Fink \* Peter Ustiniv
Dieter Hildebrand \* Ernst Reuter \* Helmut Kohl \* Helmut Schmidt \* uva.** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Ernst Reuter** vom 24.07.1951 (Erstes)](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk240751) | 1951 | | 00:51:47 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Erich Kästner** vom September 1954](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000054) | 1954 | | 00:28:32 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Werner Finck** "Wer nie lacht, ist nicht normal"\*1958](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk311258) | 1958 | | 00:39:37 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Willy Brandt** vom Juli 1959](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000759) | 1959 | | 00:51:47 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Theodor HeuÃ** - Ex-Bundespräsident \*\* 22.11.1961](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk221161) | 1961 | | 00:38:06 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Günter Grass** - 10.12.1963\*30.09.1967\*20.04.1968](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk101263) | 1963 | | 00:50:26 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Friedrich Torberg** vom 21.01.1967](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk210167) | 1967 | | 00:42:37 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Hermann Josef Abs** vom 13.03.1967](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk130367) | 1967 | | 00:51:59 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **David Ben Gurion** \* 06.01.1968 Berl.Schülern in Israel](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk060168) | 1968 | | 00:37:06 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Herbert von Karajan** \* 18.10.1969](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk060168) | 1969 | | 00:52:28 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **20 Jahre RIAS-Schulklassengespräch** \* 07.02.1971](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#070271) | 1971 | | 00:52:53 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Helmut Kohl** vom 17.05.1973](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk170573) | 1973 | | 00:52:19 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit dem Schriftsteller **Walter Kempowski** vom 05.03.1974](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk050374) | 1974 | | 00:50:38 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit dem Scheizer Schriftsteller **Max Frisch** vom 02.04.1974](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk020474) | 1974 | | 00:50:38 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit dem indischen Dirigenten **Zubin Mehta** vom 16.09.1975](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk160975) | 1975 | | 00:51:51 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Helmut Schmidt** aus 1977](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#000077) | 1977 | | 00:53:05 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Geschichte im Klassenzimmer** \*\* 07.10.1979 \*\* Teil 1](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#071079) | 1979 | | 00:51:58 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Geschichte im Klassenzimmer** \*\* 20.11.1979 \*\* Teil 2](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#071079) | 1979 | | 00:51:58 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Richard von Weizäcker** vom 11.01.1980 \*\* Teil 1](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk000080) | 1980 | | 00:44:25 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Wolfgang Leonhard** vom 08.07.1980](schulklassengespraech.html#sk080780) | 1980 | | 00:51:44 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Erich Loest** vom 13.10.1981](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#skloest) | 1981 | | 00:53:16 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Shimon Peres** vom 02.02.1986](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#skperes) | 1986 | | 00:52:52 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Dieter Hildebrand** vom 23.05.1986](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk230586) | 1986 | | 00:51:56 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Pinchas Lapide,** Religionswissenschaftler vom 31.12.1986](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk311286) | 1986 | | 00:52:20 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Hans Joachim Schädlich** vom 21.01.1987](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk210187) | 1987 | | 00:52:50 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Wolfgang Niedecken** vom 02.12.1987](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk021287) | 1987 | | 00:52:02 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Petra Kelly und Gert Bastian** vom 04.02.1988](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk040288) | 1988 | | 00:52.00 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Günter Grass** vom 16.03.1988](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk160388) | 1988 | | 00:52.00 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Peter Ustinov** vom 05.05.1988](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk050588) | 1988 | | 00:51:53 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit der israelischen Schriftstellerin **Edith Elias** aus 1988](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk021188) | 1988 | | 00:51:00 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Marcel Reich-Ranicki** vom 23.02.1989](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk230289) | 1989 | | 00:53:13 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Schriftstellern** von 1951 - 1991 vom 20.07.1991](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk200791) | 1991 | | 00:53:00 |
| [Schulklassengespräch mit **Joachim Gauck** vom 14.10.1992](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk141092) | 1992 | | 00:52:00 || [Schulklassengespräch mit **Regine Hildebrandt** \*\* Letzte Sendung \*\*
mit Berliner Schülern](sound4/rias_/schulklassengespraech/schulklassengespraech.html#sk030593) | 1993 | | 00:52:32 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Die "Lachende"
Waldbühne"** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Lachende Waldbühne" aus 1957](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wald) | 1957 | A | 00:54:09 |
| ["Lachende Waldbühne" vom September 1958](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wald) | 1958 | A | 01:03:39 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **"Komiker Cocktail"
mit Franz-Otto Krüger** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| [RIAS1 "GrüÃe aus dem Komikerhimmel" mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* 31.12.1974](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#311274) | 1976 | | 00:53:16 |
| [RIAS1 "Wer schmeiÃt denn da mit Lehm" mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* v.31.12.1975](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#311275) | 1975 | | 00:52:17 |
| [RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* Folge 01 \*\* vom 22.05.1976](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#220576) | 1976 | | 00:52:46 |
| [RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz Otto Krüger \*\* Folge 24+48 \* 21.09.1980+02.09.1986](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#210980) | 1980 | | 00:51:33 |
| [RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* Folge 48 \*\* vom 02.09.1986](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#020986) | 1986 | | 00:52:07 |
| [RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* Folge xx \*\*](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#000002) | 198? | | 00:54:09 |
| [RIAS1 Komiker-Cocktail mit Franz-Otto Krüger \*\* Folge xx \*\*](sound4/rias_/komiker_cocktail/000000_komiker_cocktail.html#000001) | 197? | A | 00:39:19 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Ivo Veit
"Mach mit" uvm.** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Man nehme..."\*Rezepte\*Herstellung von Schlagern mit E.S., F.W.,I.Veit vom 21.10.1950](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#211050) | 1950 | | 00:54:23 |
| ["Mach mit" Dr.Klaus Brock&I.Veit-3 Ausschn.+5 komplette Sendungen (37,50,75,100,125)](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#machmit) | 1950 | | 05:00:00 |
| ["So ein Theater" von Ivo Veit vom 03.09.1951](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#030951) | 1951 | | 00:29:52 |
| ["Schwere Jungs und leichte Mädchen"-Bilder aus Heinrich Zilles Welt\*Ivo Veit\*09.08.1954](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#090854) | 1954 | | 00:29:55 |
| ["Nur zur Erinnerung-Kabarett in schweren Tagen" \*\* mit Ivo Veit vom 13.12.1954](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#131254) | 1954 | | 00:28:43 |
| ["Die Spitze Feder" - Satiriker von Heute - Ivo Veit aus 1955](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#000055) | 1955 | | 00:27:57 |
| ["Wir halten zum Besten" - Mit Parodisten und Nachmachern - Ivo Veit 30.04.1955](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#300455) | 1955 | | 00:44:44 |
| ["Berliner WeiÃe mit Schmus" - Kunterbunter Alltag - Ivo Veit vom 29.10.1955](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#291055) | 1955 | | 00:59:45 |
| ["Ist ja typisch" - Ein bisschen Berliner Allerlei - Ivo Veit vom 25.09.1956](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#250956) | 1956 | | 00:28:57 |
| ["Das kann ja heiter werden" oder wie erziele ich Gelächter ohne Ãrger \* 04.02.1957](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#040257) | 1957 | | 00:29:53 |
| ["Gesänge vom Alltag"-Liederbuch von Günter Christian Ludwig-I.Veit\*09.03.1960](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#090360) | 1960 | | 00:29:04 |
| ["Berliner Allerlei" - Ivo Veit aus 1966](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#000066) | 1966 | | 00:30:00 |
| ["Senioren-Club RIAS" (1.Veranstaltung) - 14.02.1971
- Altenwohnheim Tiergarten](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#140271) | 1971 | A | 01:14:49 |
| ["RIAS-Radio-Illustrierte" Stelldichein deutscher.Radiosender\*Ivo Veit\*27.03.1974](sound4/rias_/veit/000000_ivo_veit_.html#270374) | 1974 | | 01:01:12 |
| ["Ivo Veit" - Aus den Archiven - Radiolegenden vom 06.04.2012](sound4/ausdenarchiven/drk_00000000_aus_den_archiven.html#a060412) | 2012 | | 00:55:00 |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **diverse
Sendungen** | [back](http://www.rias1.de) [to top](#) |
| ["Schulzes Schelmischer Opernführer" Felix Knemöller-Der fliegende Holländer](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#schulzes) | 1950 | | 00:40:45 |
| ["Vom Täter fehlt keine Spur" \*\* Kriminal-Kabarett vom 16.01.1951](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#taeter) | 1951 | | 00:30:04 |
| ["April, April" - Musik zum Feierabend vom 01.04.1952](sound4/rias_/april_april/april_april.html) | 1952 | A | 00:22:16 |
| ["RIAS Kaffeetafel" vom 03.01.1953
im Prälat Schöneberg](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#kaffee) | 1953 | | 01:17:04 |
| ["Hilfe! Besuch kommt"-Ratgeber für Gastgeber \* Agnes Windeck ua.vom 16.01.1954](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#160154) | 1954 | | 00:30:00 |
| ["Geliebtes Brettl-Kabarett" mit Helmut Krüger-Werner Oehlschläger vom 05.05.1957](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#050557) | 1957 | | 00:44:00 |
| ["Hoffentlich merkt's keiner" Allerlei musikalische Zufälle vom 28.08.1958](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#280858) | 1958 | | 00:44:47 |
| ["Perlen der Kleinkunst"-29.04.1960-Veranstaltung GroÃer Sendesaal-Haus des Rundfunks](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#perlen) | 1960 | | 01:14:49 |
| ["Tanzmusik auf Karte Fünf"-Made Of Hits-Schlager\*W. Behrendt vom 24.03.63](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#karte) | 1963 | | 01:01:26 |
| ["Osterhasenfeier" mit Felix Knemöller vom 15. April 1963](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hase) | 1963 | A | 00:42:01 |
| ["Silvestersendung" vom 31.12.1964 / 01.01.1965](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#silvester) | 1964 | A | 02:03:19 |
| ["Prominente von annodazumal"-Historische Persönlichkeiten mit Jo Herbst vom 14.12.1965](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#jo) | 1965 | | 01:15:04 |
| ["Heute so beliebt wie damals" mit John Hendrik vom 16.11.1966](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hendrik) | 1966 | | 01:00:19 |
| ["2 Amerikaner in Berlin" Mark White/Dave Hildinger-RIAS zu Gast beim AFN\*K.Jurow](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#mark) | 1967 | | 01:16:20 |
| ["Wie verhalte ich mich wenn.." (man mich zum Diktator macht/ich 10 Millionen finde](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#wieverhalte) | 1969 | | 00:55:00 |
| "[Versprecher - wenn das Radio aus dem Tritt gerät" mit Uwe Golz aus 197?](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#000070) | 197? | A | 00:26:48 |
| ["Die Stachelschweine" - "Blick zurück nach vorn" - 25 Jahre aus 1974](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#stachel) | 1974 | | 01:54:00 |
| ["Disney-World" ca. 1975](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#disney) | 1975 | | 01:30:05 |
| ["April, April" aktuelles Sondermagazin vom 01.04.1976](sound4/rias_/april_april/april_april.html) | 1976 | A | 00:30:59 |
| ["Sieh fern im Hörfunk"vom 30.10.1977 \* Nachrichten \* Intro "klingendes Sonntagsrätsel](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#sieh) | 1977 | | 00:27:32 |
| ["Nonstop Heiter" mit Horst Kintscher - 20.08.1977](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#heiter) | 1977 | A | 00:32:47 |
| ["Mit Kreppsohlen und Ringelsocken"-musikalisches Spiegelbild Nachkriegsjahre](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#krepp) | 1978 | | 00:53:54 |
| ["Ostern mit Fred Ignor" vom 04.04.1980](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#ostern) | 1980 | | 01:19:00 |
| ["Das glückliche Programm" bärenstarkes Magazin in, um und aus dem Radio](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#glueck) | 1980 | | 01:15:29 |
| ["Doppeldecker / Flick-Flack" auf RIAS 2 vom Sonnabend, dem 04.10.1980](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#flick) | 1980 | A | 00:40:36 |
| ["Wir machen Musik \*\* Goldene Hits am Vormittag \*\* 4 Sendungen aus 1981-1986](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#musik) | 1981 | | 03:30:00 |
| ["Als die Hits noch Schlager waren"-letzte Sendung mit Fred Ignor vom 29.08.1982](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#hits) | 1982 | | 01:23:43 |
| ["Wir machen Musik" - Goldene Hits am Vormittag mit Arnold Marquis aus 1982](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#000082) | 1982 | | 00:45:44 |
| ["Zoom" und "Gagspress" \*\* Kabarett von Ulrich Urbanski](sound4/rias_/gagspress/zoom_gagspress.html) | 1983 | | 03:45:00 |
| ["Europarade" Dennis King (04.1985)](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#euro) + [Schnipsel "Europarade" Billboard100 (1980)](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#bill) | 1985 | A | 00:57:52 |
| ["Rockjournal" mit den Ärzten zum Film "Richy Guitar" mit Olaf Leitner, ua.](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#rock) | 1985 | A | 00:19:42 |
| ["Verbraucher-Telefon" ab 1985 mit Annette Pfeifer](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html) | 1985 | A | 00:17:34 |
| ["Boulevard" \*\* Paul Kuhn im Interview mit Dieter Thomas Heck vom 19.09.1987](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#kuhn190987) | 1987 | | 00:40:31 |
| [Reinhard Mey-Gespräch mit Ingrid Tourneau,Olaf Leitner und DEO vom 21.02.1988](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#210288) | 1988 | | 00:52:40 |
| ["Swingstadt Berlin" 3 Specials Mark W](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#swing)[hite & George Hudak vom AFN aus 1990/1992](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#swing) | 1990 | A | 02:42:00 |
| [Olaf Leitner-Interview mit Jörg Wagner (radioeins) über DDR-Rock](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#olaf) | 1993 | | 01:01:22 |
| [DEGEWO-Veranstaltung mit Günter Schwerthold \* Wolf Gabbe \* Radio Star Band](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#degewo) | 195x | A | 00:53:31 |
| [Geläut der Freiheitsglocke \* Freiheitsgelöbnis \* Testton+Sendepause \*\* Störsender](sound4/rias_/diverse/diverse.html) | | A | 00:05:00 |
| [Umschaltmusik \*\* zwischen den Frequenzen \*\* Mittel- Kurzwelle und UKW \*\* 1:05](sound4/rias_/000000_unterhaltung_1950_1993.html#umschalt) | | A | 00:05:00 |
| |
| --- |
|
Der RIAS (Damals noch DIAS - Drahtfunk im Amerikanischen Sektor) nahm seine Sendungen
mit Technik vom deutschen Soldatensender Belgrad am 07.02.1946 auf.
Am 06.07.1948 Umzug ins Funkhaus in der Kufsteiner Strasse 69 (ab 1993 Hans-Rosenthal-Platz).
Ab 01.11.1949 zweite Mittelwellensendeanlage in Hof (Bayern). Der RIAS-Berlin stand unter
Kontrolle der Amerikaner wurde ab 1971 fast vollständig von Deutschland finanziert. Er produzierte mit deutschem Personal ein deutschsprachiges Programm.
Die Ereignisse in Berlin, und immer mehr die in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone bzw. der späteren DDR,
standen im Vordergrund von Zeitfunksendungen, Berichten und Kommentaren des RIAS.
Nach dem Mauerbau wurde der RIAS für viele Ost-Deutsche zum "Fenster in den Westen".
Einzelsendungen wie die "RIAS Kaffeetafel" (ab 1948), "RIAS-Schulfunk-Parlament" (1948),
"Treffpunkt RIAS 2", "Das klingende Sonntagsrätsel" (ab 07.03.1965), "2. Frühstück", "Insulaner" (1948-1964),
"Evergreens a Go-Go","Stimme der Kritik" (ab 07.02.1946), "Club 18", "Berlincharts", "Jazznacht",
"Rock over RIAS" (1975-1986),"Musik nach der Schule", "Studio 89" oder "Schlager der Woche"hatten Kultstatus.
RIAS 2 wurde durch eine Programmreform am 30.10.1985 einer der ersten Dudelsender.
Nach der Wiedervereinigung ging der Sender schliesslich am 1.1.1994 in das Programm DeutschlandRadio auf.
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RIAS2 Mannschaft
RIAS Mannschaft
RIAS-Moderatoren
Die RIAS2-Mannschaft
**Erste Reihe, sitzend v.l.n.r.:** A. Dorfmann, Uwe Hessenmüller, Henry Groß, Christoph Lanz,
Susanne Knacke, Désirée Persh, Rainer Traube, Jutta Lang, Jörg Brüggemann
**Zweite Reihe, stehend:** Martin Schülke,
Martina Radl, Sabine Korsukewitz, Matthias Thiel
**Dritte Reihe:** Manfred Vogt, K. Klein, Uwe Wohlmacher,
Michael Sagurna, Norbert Wassmund
**Auf der Leiter:** Irina von Bentheim, Ben Posener (Foto: J.Rakete 1987)
Manfred Vogt, Uwe Wohlmacher,Rik DeLisle,Christoph Lanz, Holger König, Andreas Dorfmann
Manfred Vogt, Uwe Wohlmacher, Rik DeLisle, Christoph Lanz, Holger König und Andreas Dorfmann
Vorm Reichstag (v.l.n.r.) Thomas Petruo, Uwe Wohlmacher, Desiree Persh, Uwe Schneider, Gerd Kothy, Sabine Korsukéwitz, Dennis King, Nicole Massion, Burkhardt Rausch !
Vorm Reichstag (v.l.n.r.) Thomas Petruo, Uwe Wohlmacher, Desiree Persh, Uwe Schneider, Gerd Kothy,
Sabine Korsukéwitz, Dennis King, Nicole Massion, Burghard Rausch !
Gregor und Dennis
Gregor Rottschalk und Dennis King
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<p>
Metal critters, welded from recycled parts in White Rock, New Mexico by Akkana Peck<p>For more information or if you're interested in buying any of my critters, <a href="/contact/">contact Akkana</a>.
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<br clear=all></ul>
<h2><small>
<a href="#birds">Birds</a>
• <a href="#mammals">Mammals</a>
• <a href="#bugs">Insects & Small Critters</a>
• <a href="#reptiles">Reptiles and Dinosaurs</a>
• <a href="#assort">Displays and Assortments</a>
</small></h2>
</ul>
<h2><a name="birds" />Birds</a></h2>
<ul class="thumbwrap">
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_1628.jpg">
<img src="images/img_1628T.jpg" width=130 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Swinging parrot ]">
<span class='caption'>Swinging parrot</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_1634.jpg">
<img src="images/img_1634T.jpg" width=107 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Swinging parrot ]">
<span class='caption'>Swinging parrot</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0540.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0540T.jpg" width=210 height=186
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner with snake ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner with snake</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0543.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0543T.jpg" width=197 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner with lizard ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner with lizard</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0451.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0451T.jpg" width=154 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Flamingo ]">
<span class='caption'>Flamingo</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0456.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0456T.jpg" width=159 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Flamingo by the pond ]">
<span class='caption'>Flamingo by the pond</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0442.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0442T.jpg" width=147 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Large hummingbird with flower ]">
<span class='caption'>Large hummingbird with flower</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0710.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0710T.jpg" width=97 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Medium-large hummingbird ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Medium-large hummingbird ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0680.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0680T.jpg" width=210 height=180
border=0 alt="[ Crow ]">
<span class='caption'>Crow</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0151.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0151T.jpg" width=154 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner for the PEEC b ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner for the PEEC b ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0092.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0092T.jpg" width=132 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Owl ]">
<span class='caption'>Owl</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0017.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0017T.jpg" width=210 height=204
border=0 alt="[ Abstract Bird ]">
<span class='caption'>Abstract Bird</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0026.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0026T.jpg" width=208 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner 2 ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner 2</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9970.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9970T.jpg" width=210 height=169
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9967.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9967T.jpg" width=210 height=172
border=0 alt="[ Roadrunner ]">
<span class='caption'>Roadrunner</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9951.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9951T.jpg" width=143 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Grease-gun Goony Bird ]">
<span class='caption'>Grease-gun Goony Bird</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9949.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9949T.jpg" width=143 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Grease-gun Goony Bird ]">
<span class='caption'>Grease-gun Goony Bird</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9907c.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9907cT.jpg" width=210 height=134
border=0 alt="[ Crockpot pelican: my firs ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Crockpot pelican: my firs ...</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="mammals" />Mammals</a></h2>
<ul class="thumbwrap">
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9993c.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9993cT.jpg" width=210 height=168
border=0 alt="[ My puppy. His name is Jac ... ]">
<span class='caption'>My puppy. His name is Jac ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0041.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0041T.jpg" width=183 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Another puppy to keep Jac ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Another puppy to keep Jac ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0679.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0679T.jpg" width=210 height=154
border=0 alt="[ Big bouncy jack-dog. ]">
<span class='caption'>Big bouncy jack-dog.</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_1631.jpg">
<img src="images/img_1631T.jpg" width=210 height=160
border=0 alt="[ Fantasy deer ]">
<span class='caption'>Fantasy deer</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/20161014_143009.jpg">
<img src="images/20161014_143009T.jpg" width=210 height=199
border=0 alt="[ Some Pig ]">
<span class='caption'>Some Pig</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0745.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0745T.jpg" width=210 height=165
border=0 alt="[ Pig in the front yard, wa ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Pig in the front yard, wa ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0591.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0591T.jpg" width=210 height=125
border=0 alt="[ Cow head ]">
<span class='caption'>Cow head</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0706.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0706T.jpg" width=210 height=155
border=0 alt="[ Another cow head ]">
<span class='caption'>Another cow head</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0593.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0593T.jpg" width=179 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Bighorn ram ]">
<span class='caption'>Bighorn ram</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9982.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9982T.jpg" width=210 height=150
border=0 alt="[ Two Rams ]">
<span class='caption'>Two Rams</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_4921.jpg">
<img src="images/img_4921T.jpg" width=144 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Bighorn Ram ]">
<span class='caption'>Bighorn Ram</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_4908.jpg">
<img src="images/img_4908T.jpg" width=152 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Bighorn Ram ]">
<span class='caption'>Bighorn Ram</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9855sm.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9855smT.jpg" width=191 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Spring-cat. My first weld ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Spring-cat. My first weld ...</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="bugs" />Bugs and Small Spark Plug Critters</a></h2>
<ul class="thumbwrap">
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0744.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0744T.jpg" width=210 height=150
border=0 alt="[ Big spider for Halloween. ]">
<span class='caption'>Big spider for Halloween.</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0548.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0548T.jpg" width=136 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Hummingbird with flower ]">
<span class='caption'>Hummingbird with flower</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0718.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0718T.jpg" width=105 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Butterfly with flower, un ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Butterfly with flower, un ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_6263.jpg">
<img src="images/img_6263T.jpg" width=103 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Butterfly with flower, pa ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Butterfly with flower, pa ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_6263c.jpg">
<img src="images/img_6263cT.jpg" width=194 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Close-up of painted butterfly ]">
<span class='caption'>Close-up of painted butterfly</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0551.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0551T.jpg" width=122 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Garden dragonfly, perched ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Garden dragonfly, perched ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0598c.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0598cT.jpg" width=149 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Hummingbird with flower, ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Hummingbird with flower, ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0450.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0450T.jpg" width=210 height=164
border=0 alt="[ Another dragonfly. I thin ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Another dragonfly. I thin ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0709.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0709T.jpg" width=210 height=136
border=0 alt="[ Yet another dragonfly ]">
<span class='caption'>Yet another dragonfly</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0090.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0090T.jpg" width=143 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Hummingbird ]">
<span class='caption'>Hummingbird</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0757.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0757T.jpg" width=210 height=158
border=0 alt="[ Ant ]">
<span class='caption'>Ant</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0039.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0039T.jpg" width=210 height=135
border=0 alt="[ Spark plug scorpion ]">
<span class='caption'>Spark plug scorpion</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0034.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0034T.jpg" width=210 height=133
border=0 alt="[ Spark plug dragonfly ]">
<span class='caption'>Spark plug dragonfly</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0033.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0033T.jpg" width=210 height=181
border=0 alt="[ My first spark plug drago ... ]">
<span class='caption'>My first spark plug drago ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_4916.jpg">
<img src="images/img_4916T.jpg" width=146 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Skate Bug ]">
<span class='caption'>Skate Bug</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="reptiles" />Reptiles, Amphibians, Dinosaurs etc.</a></h2>
<ul class="thumbwrap">
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0444.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0444T.jpg" width=210 height=151
border=0 alt="[ Velociraptor. Raaaaawwwww ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Velociraptor. Raaaaawwwww ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0285.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0285T.jpg" width=210 height=150
border=0 alt="[ Velociraptor before addin ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Velociraptor before addin ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_1622.jpg">
<img src="images/img_1622T.jpg" width=210 height=168
border=0 alt="[ Large triceratops ]">
<span class='caption'>Large triceratops</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0537.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0537T.jpg" width=210 height=175
border=0 alt="[ Frog ]">
<span class='caption'>Frog</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0725.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0725T.jpg" width=210 height=111
border=0 alt="[ Sea Serpent ]">
<span class='caption'>Sea Serpent</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0111c.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0111cT.jpg" width=175 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Rattlesnake on the mailbox. ]">
<span class='caption'>Rattlesnake on the mailbox.</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0030.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0030T.jpg" width=210 height=171
border=0 alt="[ Rattlesnake ]">
<span class='caption'>Rattlesnake</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0027.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0027T.jpg" width=210 height=157
border=0 alt="[ Rattlesnake ]">
<span class='caption'>Rattlesnake</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0708.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0708T.jpg" width=210 height=167
border=0 alt="[ Another rattlesnake ]">
<span class='caption'>Another rattlesnake</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_9856sm.jpg">
<img src="images/img_9856smT.jpg" width=186 height=210
border=0 alt="[ Spoon cobra -- my first o ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Spoon cobra -- my first o ...</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="assort" />Displays and Assortments</a></h2>
<ul class="thumbwrap">
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_6314.jpg">
<img src="images/img_6314T.jpg" width=210 height=147
border=0 alt="[ Main table on the Los Ala ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Main table on the Los Ala ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_6316.jpg">
<img src="images/img_6316T.jpg" width=210 height=126
border=0 alt="[ Auxiliary table (with sna ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Auxiliary table (with sna ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/20160909_095456.jpg">
<img src="images/20160909_095456T.jpg" width=210 height=123
border=0 alt="[ On display in September 2 ... ]">
<span class='caption'>On display in September 2 ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0040.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0040T.jpg" width=210 height=78
border=0 alt="[ Spark plug critters: two ... ]">
<span class='caption'>Spark plug critters: two ...</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="?pic=images/img_0080sm.jpg">
<img src="images/img_0080smT.jpg" width=210 height=167
border=0 alt="[ The house is getting a li ... ]">
<span class='caption'>The house is getting a li ...</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<br clear="all">
<p>
<br clear=all>
<hr>
<a href="/">Junk DNA Art</a><br>
<a href="http://shallowsky.com/">Akkana's other site: ShallowSky.com</a><br>
<a href="/contact">Contact the artist</a>
</p>
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|
Junk DNA Metal Art
[](/)
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Junk DNA Art . com
Junk DNA Art . com](/)|
Metal critters, welded from recycled parts in White Rock, New Mexico by Akkana PeckFor more information or if you're interested in buying any of my critters, [contact Akkana](/contact/).
|
|
##
[Birds](#birds)
• [Mammals](#mammals)
• [Insects & Small Critters](#bugs)
• [Reptiles and Dinosaurs](#reptiles)
• [Displays and Assortments](#assort)
## Birds
* [![[ Swinging parrot ]](images/img_1628T.jpg)
Swinging parrot](?pic=images/img_1628.jpg)
* [![[ Swinging parrot ]](images/img_1634T.jpg)
Swinging parrot](?pic=images/img_1634.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner with snake ]](images/img_0540T.jpg)
Roadrunner with snake](?pic=images/img_0540.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner with lizard ]](images/img_0543T.jpg)
Roadrunner with lizard](?pic=images/img_0543.jpg)
* [![[ Flamingo ]](images/img_0451T.jpg)
Flamingo](?pic=images/img_0451.jpg)
* [![[ Flamingo by the pond ]](images/img_0456T.jpg)
Flamingo by the pond](?pic=images/img_0456.jpg)
* [![[ Large hummingbird with flower ]](images/img_0442T.jpg)
Large hummingbird with flower](?pic=images/img_0442.jpg)
* [![[ Medium-large hummingbird ... ]](images/img_0710T.jpg)
Medium-large hummingbird ...](?pic=images/img_0710.jpg)
* [![[ Crow ]](images/img_0680T.jpg)
Crow](?pic=images/img_0680.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner for the PEEC b ... ]](images/img_0151T.jpg)
Roadrunner for the PEEC b ...](?pic=images/img_0151.jpg)
* [![[ Owl ]](images/img_0092T.jpg)
Owl](?pic=images/img_0092.jpg)
* [![[ Abstract Bird ]](images/img_0017T.jpg)
Abstract Bird](?pic=images/img_0017.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner 2 ]](images/img_0026T.jpg)
Roadrunner 2](?pic=images/img_0026.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner ]](images/img_9970T.jpg)
Roadrunner](?pic=images/img_9970.jpg)
* [![[ Roadrunner ]](images/img_9967T.jpg)
Roadrunner](?pic=images/img_9967.jpg)
* [![[ Grease-gun Goony Bird ]](images/img_9951T.jpg)
Grease-gun Goony Bird](?pic=images/img_9951.jpg)
* [![[ Grease-gun Goony Bird ]](images/img_9949T.jpg)
Grease-gun Goony Bird](?pic=images/img_9949.jpg)
* [![[ Crockpot pelican: my firs ... ]](images/img_9907cT.jpg)
Crockpot pelican: my firs ...](?pic=images/img_9907c.jpg)
## Mammals
* [![[ My puppy. His name is Jac ... ]](images/img_9993cT.jpg)
My puppy. His name is Jac ...](?pic=images/img_9993c.jpg)
* [![[ Another puppy to keep Jac ... ]](images/img_0041T.jpg)
Another puppy to keep Jac ...](?pic=images/img_0041.jpg)
* [![[ Big bouncy jack-dog. ]](images/img_0679T.jpg)
Big bouncy jack-dog.](?pic=images/img_0679.jpg)
* [![[ Fantasy deer ]](images/img_1631T.jpg)
Fantasy deer](?pic=images/img_1631.jpg)
* [![[ Some Pig ]](images/20161014_143009T.jpg)
Some Pig](?pic=images/20161014_143009.jpg)
* [![[ Pig in the front yard, wa ... ]](images/img_0745T.jpg)
Pig in the front yard, wa ...](?pic=images/img_0745.jpg)
* [![[ Cow head ]](images/img_0591T.jpg)
Cow head](?pic=images/img_0591.jpg)
* [![[ Another cow head ]](images/img_0706T.jpg)
Another cow head](?pic=images/img_0706.jpg)
* [![[ Bighorn ram ]](images/img_0593T.jpg)
Bighorn ram](?pic=images/img_0593.jpg)
* [![[ Two Rams ]](images/img_9982T.jpg)
Two Rams](?pic=images/img_9982.jpg)
* [![[ Bighorn Ram ]](images/img_4921T.jpg)
Bighorn Ram](?pic=images/img_4921.jpg)
* [![[ Bighorn Ram ]](images/img_4908T.jpg)
Bighorn Ram](?pic=images/img_4908.jpg)
* [![[ Spring-cat. My first weld ... ]](images/img_9855smT.jpg)
Spring-cat. My first weld ...](?pic=images/img_9855sm.jpg)
## Bugs and Small Spark Plug Critters
* [![[ Big spider for Halloween. ]](images/img_0744T.jpg)
Big spider for Halloween.](?pic=images/img_0744.jpg)
* [![[ Hummingbird with flower ]](images/img_0548T.jpg)
Hummingbird with flower](?pic=images/img_0548.jpg)
* [![[ Butterfly with flower, un ... ]](images/img_0718T.jpg)
Butterfly with flower, un ...](?pic=images/img_0718.jpg)
* [![[ Butterfly with flower, pa ... ]](images/img_6263T.jpg)
Butterfly with flower, pa ...](?pic=images/img_6263.jpg)
* [![[ Close-up of painted butterfly ]](images/img_6263cT.jpg)
Close-up of painted butterfly](?pic=images/img_6263c.jpg)
* [![[ Garden dragonfly, perched ... ]](images/img_0551T.jpg)
Garden dragonfly, perched ...](?pic=images/img_0551.jpg)
* [![[ Hummingbird with flower, ... ]](images/img_0598cT.jpg)
Hummingbird with flower, ...](?pic=images/img_0598c.jpg)
* [![[ Another dragonfly. I thin ... ]](images/img_0450T.jpg)
Another dragonfly. I thin ...](?pic=images/img_0450.jpg)
* [![[ Yet another dragonfly ]](images/img_0709T.jpg)
Yet another dragonfly](?pic=images/img_0709.jpg)
* [![[ Hummingbird ]](images/img_0090T.jpg)
Hummingbird](?pic=images/img_0090.jpg)
* [![[ Ant ]](images/img_0757T.jpg)
Ant](?pic=images/img_0757.jpg)
* [![[ Spark plug scorpion ]](images/img_0039T.jpg)
Spark plug scorpion](?pic=images/img_0039.jpg)
* [![[ Spark plug dragonfly ]](images/img_0034T.jpg)
Spark plug dragonfly](?pic=images/img_0034.jpg)
* [![[ My first spark plug drago ... ]](images/img_0033T.jpg)
My first spark plug drago ...](?pic=images/img_0033.jpg)
* [![[ Skate Bug ]](images/img_4916T.jpg)
Skate Bug](?pic=images/img_4916.jpg)
## Reptiles, Amphibians, Dinosaurs etc.
* [![[ Velociraptor. Raaaaawwwww ... ]](images/img_0444T.jpg)
Velociraptor. Raaaaawwwww ...](?pic=images/img_0444.jpg)
* [![[ Velociraptor before addin ... ]](images/img_0285T.jpg)
Velociraptor before addin ...](?pic=images/img_0285.jpg)
* [![[ Large triceratops ]](images/img_1622T.jpg)
Large triceratops](?pic=images/img_1622.jpg)
* [![[ Frog ]](images/img_0537T.jpg)
Frog](?pic=images/img_0537.jpg)
* [![[ Sea Serpent ]](images/img_0725T.jpg)
Sea Serpent](?pic=images/img_0725.jpg)
* [![[ Rattlesnake on the mailbox. ]](images/img_0111cT.jpg)
Rattlesnake on the mailbox.](?pic=images/img_0111c.jpg)
* [![[ Rattlesnake ]](images/img_0030T.jpg)
Rattlesnake](?pic=images/img_0030.jpg)
* [![[ Rattlesnake ]](images/img_0027T.jpg)
Rattlesnake](?pic=images/img_0027.jpg)
* [![[ Another rattlesnake ]](images/img_0708T.jpg)
Another rattlesnake](?pic=images/img_0708.jpg)
* [![[ Spoon cobra -- my first o ... ]](images/img_9856smT.jpg)
Spoon cobra -- my first o ...](?pic=images/img_9856sm.jpg)
## Displays and Assortments
* [![[ Main table on the Los Ala ... ]](images/img_6314T.jpg)
Main table on the Los Ala ...](?pic=images/img_6314.jpg)
* [![[ Auxiliary table (with sna ... ]](images/img_6316T.jpg)
Auxiliary table (with sna ...](?pic=images/img_6316.jpg)
* [![[ On display in September 2 ... ]](images/20160909_095456T.jpg)
On display in September 2 ...](?pic=images/20160909_095456.jpg)
* [![[ Spark plug critters: two ... ]](images/img_0040T.jpg)
Spark plug critters: two ...](?pic=images/img_0040.jpg)
* [![[ The house is getting a li ... ]](images/img_0080smT.jpg)
The house is getting a li ...](?pic=images/img_0080sm.jpg)
---
[Junk DNA Art](/)
[Akkana's other site: ShallowSky.com](http://shallowsky.com/)
[Contact the artist](/contact)
| https://junkdnaart.com/ |
<head><title>Not Acceptable!</title></head><body><h1>Not Acceptable!</h1><p>An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod_Security.</p></body></html> | Not Acceptable!# Not Acceptable!
An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod\_Security.
| https://www.word-works.com/simple/ |
<html>
<head>
<title>Macedonia - Pan-Macedonian Network</title> <META NAME="description" content="A plethora of historical, cultural, geographical and general information about both ancient and modern Macedonia can be found at this server."> <META NAME="keywords" content="Macedonia, Makedonia, Makedonija, macedonia, makedonia, makedonija, hellas, Hellas, Greece, greece, history of Macedonia, Macedonian history, History of Greece">
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<BODY TEXT="#FFFFFF" LINK="#FFF000" ALINK="#FFF000" VLINK="#F50030" BACKGROUND="/images/mirror.jpg">
<IMG SRC="/images/spacer.gif"><P>
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<FONT SIZE="+3">W</FONT><FONT SIZE="+2">ELCOME TO </FONT>
<FONT SIZE="+3">P</FONT><FONT SIZE="+2">AN-<FONT SIZE="+3">M</FONT>ACEDONIAN </FONT>
<FONT SIZE="+3">N</FONT><FONT SIZE="+2">ETWORK</FONT></B>
<h3> The official Web Server of Macedonia</h3>
<HR WIDTH="35%" SIZE="5">
<B>A plethora of historical, cultural, geographical and general information about
both ancient and modern Macedonia can be found here.</B>
<P>
Please select the language of your choice, <a href="/main/">or a text-only version.</a>
<P>
<A HREF="/english/"><IMG SRC = "/images/english.gif" alt="English"></A>
<A HREF="/greek/"><IMG SRC = "/images/elot928.gif" alt="Greek"></A>
<br>
<IMG SRC="/images/newline2.gif">
<P>
<br>
Copyright © 1995-1998
<a href="http://www-wireless.com/">Pan-Macedonian Network</a>, a
non-profit organization.
<P>
</CENTER>
</body>
</html>
|
Macedonia - Pan-Macedonian Network
WELCOME TO
PAN-MACEDONIAN
NETWORK
### The official Web Server of Macedonia
---
**A plethora of historical, cultural, geographical and general information about
both ancient and modern Macedonia can be found here.**
Please select the language of your choice, [or a text-only version.](/main/)
[](/english/)
[](/greek/)
Copyright © 1995-1998
[Pan-Macedonian Network](http://www-wireless.com/), a
non-profit organization.
| http://macedonia.com/ |
<HTML><script src="/_assets/midi/bg-sound.min.js"></script><script>BgSound.enableCompatMode({baseUrl: "/_assets/midi/"})</script>
<HEAD><TITLE>Scott's own WWW page</TITLE>
<META name="mytopic" content="Entertainment:Music:MIDIs">
<META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT= "A MIDI for every Beatle song. Also, MIDIs for Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Klaatu, Elton John, Fleetwood Mac, Jethro Tull, Live, and others.">
<META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT = Taunton Sound Off, taunton, Taunton_Sound-Off, massachusetts, sound off, forum, beatle, beatles, midi, mid, midis, MIDI, Allen Scott Hood, led zeppelin, pink floyd, klaatu, elton john, fleetwood mac, jethro tull, Gumby">
<META NAME="REVISIT-AFTER" CONTENT="20 days">
<META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="Scott's own WWW page, 1998"></HEAD>
<body text=55bbff link=ff66ff Vlink=ff3333
background="imag/nebula.jpg">.<br><center>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><font size=2>
<tr><td align=left valign=top width=98>
<table width=90 bgcolor="222255" border="1" cellpadding="1">
<tr><td align=middle><a href="music/beatles.html">Beatle MIDIs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><A HREF="/politzanian">misc. MIDIs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="page4.html">Klaatu MIDIs
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><A HREF="imag">my GIFs
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="links.html">my links
</a> </td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="gumby.html">my dog
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="whatsnew.html">what's new </a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="geobook.html">OLD guestbook
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="addbook.html">sign book
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="imag/campingpic.html">photos </a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><A HREF="python">Python Lines
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><A HREF="imag/spumco">Spumco
</a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="stuff.html">just stuff </a></td></tr>
<tr><td align=middle><a href="eyes.html">cool eyes
</a></td></tr>
</table>
</td><td width=442><center>
<table width=442 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td rowspan=3 align=left>
<img alt="bluetorch" height=120 width=48 align=left src="imag/bluetorch.gif"></td>
<td align=middle valign=top><img alt="saturn" align=middle width=60 height=47 src="imag/saturn2.jpg"></td>
<td align=middle><img alt="jupiter2" align=middle height=30 width=70 src="imag/jupiter2.gif"><br><br><br></td>
<td align=middle>
<img alt="jupiter" align=middle height=50 width=60 src="imag/jupiter.gif"><br><br><br></td>
<td rowspan=3 align=right>
<img alt="bluetorch" height=120 width=48 align=right src="imag/bluetorch.gif"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3 align=middle valign=bottom><font size=6><font color=ff9922><b>Scott's own <font size=5>WWW <font size=6>page</b></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width=42><center><img alt="blueflame" height=80 width=40 src="imag/blueflame.gif" align=center><br></td>
<td><center><img alt="fire" height=80 width=40 src="imag/fire.gif"></td>
<td><center><img alt="blueflame" height=80 width=40 src="imag/blueflame.gif"><br></td>
<td></td> </tr>
</table>
<table width=438>
<tr><td><img alt="mars.gif" height=44 width=43 src="imag/mars.gif" valign=top></td>
<center>
I have a new guestbook (the <a href="/Area51/Dunes/1021/geobook.html">old one</a> wasn't working).<br> Try the following links:</center>
<td align=middle><a href="http://us.geocities.yahoo.com/gb/sign?member=rst379">
<img alt="sign guestbook" height=52 width=109 align=middle border=0 src="imag/signbook.gif"></a></td>
<td align=middle> <a href="http://us.geocities.yahoo.com/gb/view?member=rst379">
<img alt="view guestbook" height=52 width=109 align=middle border=0 src="imag/viewbook.gif"></a></td>
<td align=middle><img alt="moon2.gif" height=44 width=46 src="imag/moon2.gif" valign=top> </td></tr></table>
</center>
Welcome to my home page. Here you'll find a MIDI for every Beatle song. Also some Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Klaatu, Elton John, Jethro Tull, Fleetwood Mac, and miscellaneous midis. On my "links" page you'll find links to some of my favorite websites and newsgroups. While you're here, please sign my guestbook.<p>
<center><table border=3 width=250 bgcolor="585888" cellpadding="1">
<tr><td align=middle><font size=5><A HREF="music/beatles.html">On to the MIDIs</a></font> </td>
</tr></table>
</center></td></tr><tr><td colspan=2>
<center><br><br><font size=4><b>New! I've started a Yahoo Forum for Taunton, Massachusetts. Come Join!<br><br>
<center>
<a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/taunton_sound-off/">
<img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br>
Click Here to go to Taunton Sound-Off</a></b>
</center>
<br>You can e-mail me at <a href="mailto:[email protected]"> [email protected]</a> (pronounced "were-me")<br><br>
This web page has been around since April or so, 1998.<br><br>
<!-- ______Begin Beatles Lovers Webring Fragment_______-->
<TABLE BORDER=4 bgcolor=6666cc><TR><TD><a href="/SunsetStrip/Ally/2589/beatlering.html"><img alt="beatax2.gif" src="imag/beatax2.gif" HEIGHT=137 WIDTH=158 border=0 align=left>
</a></TD><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><b>This <a href="/SunsetStrip/Alley/2589/beatlering.html">Beatles Lovers Webring</a><br>Site is owned by <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Scott</a>.
<br><font size=2>Click for the<br>[ <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&prev5">Prev 5</a> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&prev">Previous</a> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&random">Random</a><br> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&next">Next</a> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&skip">Skip Next</a> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&next5">Next 5</a><br>| <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&list">index</a> | <a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&queue">queue</a> ]</font>
<br>Click here for info on joining <br><a href="/SunsetStrip/Alley/2589/beatlering.html">The Beatles Lovers Webring</a>.</b></TD>
</TR>
</table>
</font>
<!--End Beatles Lovers Webring Fragment-->
</td></tr></table>
<center>
</center></td></tr></table><br> </center>
</font></BODY>
</HTML>
<font transparency="100%">
| BgSound.enableCompatMode({baseUrl: "/\_assets/midi/"})
Scott's own WWW page
.
|
| |
| --- |
| [Beatle MIDIs](music/beatles.html) |
| [misc. MIDIs](/politzanian) |
| [Klaatu MIDIs](page4.html) |
| [my GIFs](imag) |
| [my links](links.html) |
| [my dog](gumby.html) |
| [what's new](whatsnew.html) |
| [OLD guestbook](geobook.html) |
| [sign book](addbook.html) |
| [photos](imag/campingpic.html) |
| [Python Lines](python) |
| [Spumco](imag/spumco) |
| [just stuff](stuff.html) |
| [cool eyes](eyes.html) |
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| bluetorch | saturn | jupiter2 | jupiter | bluetorch |
| **Scott's own WWW page** |
| blueflame | fire | blueflame | |
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| mars.gif |
I have a new guestbook (the [old one](/Area51/Dunes/1021/geobook.html) wasn't working). Try the following links: [sign guestbook](http://us.geocities.yahoo.com/gb/sign?member=rst379) | [view guestbook](http://us.geocities.yahoo.com/gb/view?member=rst379) | moon2.gif |
Welcome to my home page. Here you'll find a MIDI for every Beatle song. Also some Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Klaatu, Elton John, Jethro Tull, Fleetwood Mac, and miscellaneous midis. On my "links" page you'll find links to some of my favorite websites and newsgroups. While you're here, please sign my guestbook.
| |
| --- |
| [On to the MIDIs](music/beatles.html) |
|
| **New! I've started a Yahoo Forum for Taunton, Massachusetts. Come Join!
[Click Here to go to Taunton Sound-Off](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/taunton_sound-off/)**
You can e-mail me at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) (pronounced "were-me")
This web page has been around since April or so, 1998.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [beatax2.gif](/SunsetStrip/Ally/2589/beatlering.html) | **This [Beatles Lovers Webring](/SunsetStrip/Alley/2589/beatlering.html)Site is owned by [Scott](mailto:[email protected]).
Click for the[ [Prev 5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&prev5) | [Previous](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&prev) | [Random](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&random) | [Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&next) | [Skip Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&skip) | [Next 5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&next5)| [index](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&list) | [queue](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=beatlelovers&id=122&queue) ]
Click here for info on joining [The Beatles Lovers Webring](/SunsetStrip/Alley/2589/beatlering.html).** |
|
| https://geocities.restorativland.org/Area51/Dunes/1021/ |
<html>
<head>
<title>the home page for the allenbukoff.com empire</title>
<meta name="verify-v1" content="5jwK5hzkrKddVVmI7jzGJrk3erZY+5oEjFDqzwtYqHM=" />
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<img src="allenpaperdollmap.png" USEMAP="#NotNamed" BORDER=0>
<map name="NotNamed">
<area shape="rect" coords="238,541,272,564" href="https://nutscape.com/holidays/easter2002.html" alt="dinner w/lime olive carrot jello">
<area shape="rect" coords="159,487,190,520" href="https://nutscape.com/bukoff/" alt="Bukoff family homepage & tomb">
<area shape="rect" coords="79,512,137,545" href="ChristmasLetters/BukoffLetters.html" alt="">
<area name="My Mom Goes to the Mayo Clinic" shape="rect" coords="43,542,73,566" href="https://nutscape.com/Mayo/index.html" alt="My Mom's first visit to the Mayo Clinic in 1998">
<area shape="rect" coords="485,47,519,56" href="https://nutscape.com/photos/16Feb02.html" alt="allen bukoff conehead">
<area shape="rect" coords="494,71,507,101" href="https://nutscape.com/halloween/" alt="halloween mask">
<area shape="rect" coords="524,57,543,80" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/helmet/" alt="animated helmet photo">
<area shape="rect" coords="916,379,952,401" href="personal/ShowingOff.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="900,503,938,538" href="personal/soapbox.html" alt="corrpution and disillusionment" >
<area shape="rect" coords="891,392,908,412" href="personal/TwoDollars.html" alt="$2 for baby Allen" >
<area shape="rect" coords="174,526,219,551" href="https://allenbukoff.com/Christmas/" alt="official eChristmas Card photos since 1997">
<area shape="rect" coords="849,479,905,499" href="personal/SummerVacation.html" alt="No. We are DEVO." >
<area shape="rect" coords="844,221,908,286" href="RetailWeblog/vacation/index.html" alt="weblog">
<area name="Klondike: International Fluxus Group Show at CalArts" shape="rect" coords="825,335,866,376" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/klondike/index.html" alt="120 participants/all blank walls" >
<area shape="rect" coords="581,356,656,433" href="wildBPTiowa03/" alt="stalking the wild breaded pork tenderloin">
<area shape="circle" coords="745,371,34" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/hotdog/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="713,551,777,583" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/FluxusPlate/index.html" alt="My vanity plate says 'FLUXUS'">
<area shape="rect" coords="588,511,665,555" href="AssemblyPiece/index.html" alt="">
<area name="New Wave Psychology Newsletter" shape="rect" coords="311,53,415,91" href="NWPN/index.html" alt="All eleven issues of the New Wave Psychology Newsletter" >
<area name="Fluxus Indian Museum" shape="rect" coords="287,135,369,219" href="https://fluxus.org/museum/" alt="first website I created. was picked as internet Cool Site of the Day in January of 1996">
<area shape="rect" coords="56,36,126,114" href="sculpture/index.html" alt="See the cement sculptures that Janice & I make">
<area name="Fluxus Midwest homepage" shape="rect" coords="331,461,384,530" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/index.html" alt="" >
<area shape="rect" coords="219,483,268,523" href="MarilynBdayMovie2006.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="575,68,651,125" href="lunch.html" alt="what i had for lunch today (blog)">
<area shape="rect" coords="36,404,135,452" href="https://nutscape.com/bathrooms.html" alt="a little award winning website I designed in 1996">
<area shape="rect" coords="634,454,712,485" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/housework/index.html" alt="Who knew that vacumming, ironing, washing the window, cleaning the toilet, or making the bed could be art?">
<area shape="rect" coords="743,282,810,321" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/sticks/index.html" alt="in my back yard">
<area shape="rect" coords="353,316,406,390" href="https://saintsparky.org/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="204,300,245,370" href="newwavepsychology/objects/browniepoint.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="206,399,281,444" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/Research/index.html" alt="research gone bad">
<area shape="rect" coords="754,413,800,508" href="https://frostcatcher.com/index.html" alt="">
<area name="The Waitresses" shape="rect" coords="13,165,83,183" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/waitresses/index.html" alt="Some of my work with The Waitresses--some of which has been in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame" >
<area name="CHI-PIG" shape="rect" coords="20,191,56,204" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/chi-pig/display.html" alt="Innovative & influential band that helped create the Akron Sound">
<area name="Tin Huey" shape="rect" coords="74,187,98,211" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/tinhuey/index.html" alt="some of my work with
the avant-garde rock band Tin Huey" >
<area name="A cultural anthropological report on the Kent Akron New Wave Musical Scene 1981" shape="rect" coords="47,216,94,228" href="newwave/newwave.html" alt="cultural anthropology" >
<area name="The Bettys" shape="rect" coords="19,230,50,255" href="http:s//pinpunk.com/bandpunk/TheBettys/index.html" alt="my mini-CD & website for 5 Kent State Art students who created a wonderful band & performance group 1981-1982" >
<area name="The Hi-Fi's" shape="rect" coords="77,234,111,248" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/hi-fis/index.html" alt="" >
<area name="Vertical Pillows" shape="rect" coords="61,304,93,327" href="https://nutscape.com/verticalpillows/" alt="Some of my work with the Detroit rock band, Vertical Pillows" >
<area name="Candy Band" shape="rect" coords="28,322,58,344" href="candyband/index.html" alt="suburban moms rocking out on nursery rhymes for their kids" >
<area shape="rect" coords="21,280,55,299" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/purplEkniF/index.html" alt="">
<area name="Half Cleveland" shape="rect" coords="54,255,103,274" href="https://pinpunk.com/bandpunk/halfcleveland/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="poly" coords="180,246,168,253,179,266,193,271,209,275,230,271,239,258,245,245,237,236,222,233,197,233,180,236" href="https://pinpunk.com/politicalpunk/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="poly" coords="156,157,144,167,147,180,138,192,139,209,151,219,163,223,181,223,179,202,177,179,174,161" href="https://pinpunk.com/artpunk/index.html" alt="">
<area name="Salvidor Dali Collection" shape="rect" coords="181,62,240,152" href="https://fluxus.org/FluxusMidwest/Dali/index.html" alt="The World's Largest Collection of Forged Salvidor Dali Signatures" >
<area name="PinPunk" shape="rect" coords="117,226,176,245" href="https://pinpunk.com" alt="The DIY site for making laminated badges" >
<area shape="poly" coords="136,250,130,259,133,266,130,280,134,300,139,318,153,314,163,327,184,304,188,282,167,273,154,261,150,249" href="https://pinpunk.com/culturepunk/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="737,183,799,251" href="newwavepsychology/index.html" alt="">
<area shape="rect" coords="611,170,695,190" href="https://fluxus.org" alt="a website I created to link people to online Fluxus resources">
<area shape="poly" coords="775,7,687,41,678,99,761,146,940,152,965,123,963,48,916,10" href="info/index.html" >
</map>
<pre>
</pre>
<table cellspacing="10">
<tr align="center">
<td colspan="6"><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">Another way to explore the empire. Check out these domains.<br></font></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>allenbukoff.com</b></font><br>
<a href="https://www.allenbukoff.com/index.html"><img src="buttons/smalllogoborder.gif" width="74" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>fluxus.org</b></font><br>
<a href="https://www.fluxus.org/index.html"><img src="buttons/FluxusFluxusMidwest.png" width="73" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>saintsparky.org</b></font><br>
<a href="https://saintsparky.org/index.html"><img src="buttons/fireworksbutton.gif" width="73" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>pinpunk.com</b></font><br>
<a href="https://pinpunk.com/index.html"><img src="buttons/pinpunk.png" width="73" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>frostcatcher.com</b></font><br>
<a href="https://frostcatcher.com/index.html"><img src="buttons/frostcatcherbutton2.png" width="73" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
<td><font size="1" color="#000000" face="Arial"><b>nutscape.com</b></font><br>
<a href="https://nutscape.com/index.html"><img src="buttons/nutscape.png" width="73" height="113" alt="" border="0" align=""></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<pre>
</pre>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/80x15.png" /></a><font style="Arial" size="-1"> This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><font color="#000000">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.<br>
Allen Bukoff, PhD 2023</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>
|
the home page for the allenbukoff.com empire
```
```
| |
| --- |
| Another way to explore the empire. Check out these domains. |
| **allenbukoff.com**
| **fluxus.org**
| **saintsparky.org**
| **pinpunk.com**
| **frostcatcher.com**
| **nutscape.com**
|
```
```
[](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
Allen Bukoff, PhD 2023
| https://www.allenbukoff.com/ |
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Welcome to eXtremeweb!
**WELCOME TO WEBSITE""http://extremeweb.web.fc2.com""EDO MPOREITE NA
BREITE DIAFORES FOTOGRAFIES POU THELETE,MPOREITE NA KANETE CHAT&NA PEXETE PEXNIDIA ME ENA APLO DIPLO KLIK EPANO STO
THEMA POU SAS ENDIAFERI!AKOMA MPOREITE NA MAS STEILETE TIS DIKES SAS PHOTOS STO "E-MAIL:EXTREMEWEB\[email protected]" KAI AN THELETE
NA MAS PEITE TIN APOPSI I TIS IDEES SAS GIA TO SITE MPOREITE NA MPEITE STO GUESTBOOK I STO FORUM I KAI NA MAS STEILETE ENA "E-MAIL:EXTREMEWEB\[email protected]" EYXARISTO K'KALO SERFARISMA! ! ! ;-)
...
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<h1 style="border:none;">spacepop</h1>
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<p>I haven't decided how to orgonize these. At the moment, I have these ordered by "family" rather than release order.</p>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy (1987)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation Portable (2007)</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/FF1_USA_boxart.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>Solid game. Sprite work in the PSP version is rad as heck. Lots of missable content. This sometimes means the game isn't all that clear where to go next in the main plot. Or there's missable items/spells that are invaluable to beating the final boss.</p>
<p>Play this game with a guide handy.</p>
<p>I didnt know the Labyrinth of Time was an optional dungeon added to the PSP version. The cutscenes that introduce the dungeon made it seem like its supposed to be the final dungeon if you dont know better... and I didnt know better. I spent a good hour beating my head against this absurdly difficult dungeon before looking up a guide and realizing i was in the wrong place.</p>
<p>Disappointing that a complete remake of an old game has next to no modern QOL features.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF1_USA_boxart.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy (video game)">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1373964">Link</a></p></div></div>
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<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy II (1988)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation Portable (2008)</h3>
<img src="Gallery/Ff2cover.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>Good game. Straightforward, easy gameplay. As per usual, i way over-grind towards the endgame and the final boss was easier than i expected. Thereâs a neat conversation mechanic used to progress the gameâs plot. Good story, charming party members. Wished Leon joined the party sooner, and his character arc was kinda wack. Overall, a safe and cute JRPG.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>May be found at the following website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lostlevels.org/200312/ff2-01.shtml">lostlevels.org</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ff2cover.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy II">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1280027">Link</a></p></div></div>
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<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy V (1992)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation 2 (1999)</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Final_Fantasy_V_Box_JAP.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>This is a strange experience for me. I have been playing the ff series very out of order. By this point, I played none of the entries between ffii and ffvii. There's a pretty sizable jump between the 2-D incredibly standard jrpg style in ffii, and the 3-D ffvii with all the iconic quirks the ff series is known for.</p>
<p>Ffv bridges that gap with all the usual visuals and gameplay you'd expect in a 2-D jrpg, but also tells a more character focused story like a more modern ff game. All the reoccurring elements in ff (summons, moggles, classes, etc.) are all here too. It was odd and also refreshing to find Shiva, Ifrit and other summons in sprite form.</p>
<p>The job system is really fun. Jobs are what the game calls the character classes. This game allows the player to change and customize the class and abilities of all four party members. There are the usual difficulty hikes you'd expect in an ff game, but job bonuses and equipment bonuses all stack on top of base stats. A good job and weapon combo can synergize so well that enemies and bosses get blown right out of the water. Character levelling improves stats too. Best part is that characters still gain exp even when theyre knocked out or separated from the party. Buuuut you lose out on the exp points for levelling jobs so its still in the players' best interest to keep characters from getting KO'd as much as possible.</p>
<p>As you'd expect, grinding is still a very necessary component of the game. I found it easy to keep it fresh by changing the jobs and abilities of characters as I'm levelling. The party composition changed a lot as the game progressed which made for an engaging experience.</p>
<p>I sort of wish the player was allowed to assign 2 bonus abilities rather than just 1. Later ff entries play out with characters having incredibly diverse skill ranges in battle. Here, characters are limited to duel-classing at most. You can max out at having 8 active class types when there are about two dosen to choose from, and sometimes it was better to avoid duel-classing. Its a real shame when there are a bunch of neat abilities that I had to pass up on.</p>
<p>HOWEVER, it seems there are several viable party compositions the player can beat the game with. The game is balanced in a way that changing jobs in the late game remains a viable strategy. So even after commiting a lot of resources to levelling one job, there was no serious punish for switching to a new job that has not been levelled. Limiting the customization but keeping that flexibility added a challenge that I generally enjoyed. <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_happy.gif"></p>
<p>I LOVE FARIS. Faris is the best. <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"></p>
<p>Story is pretty good. Music slaps. But honestly i think i only have that opinion bc ive been playing theatrhythm cocurently.</p>
<p>Overworld navigation slaps. The devs were pretty creative giving and taking modes of transportation. There are three overworld maps and the third one especially is pretty fun to explore. I appreciate the third map gives players the option to jump straight into the final dungeon, but the optional stuff was so fun i basically did all of it anyways. There are some pretty sick rewards for completing the optional sidequests too.</p>
<p>Overall, solid entry.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>By <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dualshockers.com/static/uploads/2015/09/376394.jpg">https://www.dualshockers.com/static/uploads/2015/09/376394.jpg</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_V_Box_JAP.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy V">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2121074">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy VII (1997)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Final_Fantasy_VII_Box_Art.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>I loooove it~ the characters are compelling, the plot is intriguing. Sephiroth takes himself waaay too seriously. There are two optional party members that seem to be well hidden and that has made me irrationally upset. It lacks some QoL aspects that more modern games have. The overworld is a bit clunky. Forgivable since this game marks the leap from 2D to 3D in the FF series.</p>
<p>This game utilizes an ATB, and Iâm quite happy with how it is implemented here. The materia battle system is fantastic with some potential for frustration. It has a levelling system separate from the party characters (who themselves have a skills levelling system separate from their overall level). Managing materia scratches a similar itch to building and managing a pokemon team so Iâm way into it. (â¯â¡â¯)</p>
<p>It is. SO GOOD. Im v satisfied w the game overall. Tifa and Barret are my favourites. Cloud remains interesting and fun throughout the game.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The box/cover art can or could be obtained from <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_VII_Box_Art.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy VII">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1129739">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII (2006)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation 2</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Dirgeofcerberususbox.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>I did not understand Vincent's appeal before now but holy hell they made him so pretty. The high collar, the infinite belt buckles, the broody attitude, THE CAPE FLOURISH- Vincent is the most character of all time. Hes like a deviantart OC i would have made when i was 13.</p>
<p>Shoehorned into this game is a 3d platforming stealth segment with a cartoon cat. Which is immediately followed up by a scene where a crate full of screaming people is dropped into a vat of sentient goo. <i>amazin</i></p>
<p>Counteroffensive is the best song its so jazzy <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_happy.gif"></p>
<p>The lady villain is fuckin great. Shes got a Russian accent for no other reason than "make hot lady even hotter" is my guess.</p>
<p>Also Yuffie is here. :/</p>
<p>That aside, this game sucks. Dont play it.</p>
<p>Okay, I have to come back and talk more about this game. I'm particularly fascinated by the enemy AI. The behaviour of the enemies have little to no sophistication.</p>
<p>âZach, what the fuck does that mean?â</p>
<p>Listen, Halo: CE had some incredible AI behaviour, and it came out five years prior to Dirge of Cerberus. Enemies in Halo are able to duck and cover, roll, sidestep, taunt players, charge, run away, and a variety of other actions. These also vary between species, and a major component of changing the difficulty level also changes what behaviours the enemies are allowed or not allowed to do. Even their aim and ammunition management changes with difficulty. I think itâs fair to say Halo: CE was ahead of its time.</p>
<p>DoC enemies... are worse than some early 90s shooters.</p>
<p>Iâm gonna let you in on a little secret; Most shooters have enemies deliberately miss their first couple shots. This gives players a chance to identify their targets and shoot back before they take damage. In a good game, this behaviour resets if the enemy loses their line of sight on the player or is no longer agro.</p>
<p>All enemies if DoC regardless of class have the exact same behaviour. Enemies will agro, miss their first few shots, then have laser guided aim that does not reset. Most enemy classes will pursue the player until they are back in their line of sight and continue shooting with perfect aim. Enemies on catwalks or towers will be stationary and will alternate between standing and crouching.
THATS IT. Thats ALL their behaviour.</p>
<p>Enemies do not de-agro and return to an idle state, they always know where the player is. Iâve been caught in hate loops because a fukin rocket launcher dude hits me with insane precision and knocks me down from rounding a corner.</p>
<p>Iâm not really all that mad because Iâm genuinely impressed with this level of incompetency. I had a lot of fun marvelling at how shit of a shooter this is.</p>
<div class="cite"><p><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dirgeofcerberususbox.jpg" title="Fair use">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6230328">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII (2007)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation Portable</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Crisis_Core.png" class="boxart">
<p>Square Enix back at it again with the fuggin insane game design.</p>
<p>Crisis Core seems to be a beat-em-up w JRPG elements melded together. Which, okay, i can work with that.</p>
<p>But what took me tf out. Is that dodging, a staple of beat-em-ups, cost AP? So does blocking? Like, why would anyone design a game where dodging and blocking cost a finite resource? In a beat-em-up??? And only dodging interrupts the queue. Which, why is there a queue? A one-move queue??</p>
<p>Not even 30 minutes of playing and i had to stop playing to go lie down.</p>
<p>The DMW is FUCKING stupid. Its fine when its running in the BG and power-ups change on the fly. This makes the action dynamic and keeps me on my toes. Genuinely think thatâs a fine use of the HUD. But occasionally it interrupts the gameplay. Im trying to play an action game and it stops me in the middle of that action to make me watch slots?? Insane gameplay design.</p>
<p>That being said. Masterful use and change to the HUD in the final scenes of gameplay. Devs made something dogshite and still managed to make it interesting once.</p>
<p>The game felt like playing an MMO with a crap internet connection. Your brain just kind of adjusts to the really bad lag and gets used to the crazy delay on all inputs. Unreal.</p>
<p>This... was a better movie than game. The gameplay is either mindless or frustrating and then the cutscenes are actually fun to watch by contrast.</p>
<p>I LOVE Zack. Heâs the best. (à·ËáµËà·)</p>
<p>Everyone else was super likeable except Lazard. Heâs not bad or unlikable just utterly fuckin confusing. Lazard made some of the most bizarre character choices ive ever seen in a character and honestly WHAT is his motivation. Zack even points this out in-game and Lazard just says âI made bad friendsâ. Girl WHAT. Does that mean?? (Future Zach here. I realized they needed to kill anyone who doesnât appear in the OG ffvii. But then. It would have made more sense to his character is he had defected from Shinra and then was assassinated? Also Cissnei is still alive so itâs not like it matters???)</p>
<p>Cessnei also confuses me. How is she not like a Shinra loyalist through and through?? Genuinely think she would be guzzling that kool-aid non-stop. Also, the disconnect that decent people work for Shinra without even batting an eye or questioning whether Shinra is good when the company doesnât even bother with propaganda or hiding the fact that theyâre just evil for fun most of the time? I mean, i donât expect the ideology of these games to be well thought out but the writing is very clearly on the wall here. Like. In big flashing neon letters. And no one questions it.</p>
<p>This is honestly why i genuinely dislike the turks on principle. They see the inner machinations of Shinra first hand and not once do any of the turks consider the company regularly committing some of the most grotesque crimes against humanity is maybe kinda sorta suspect. Anytime compilation ffvii tries to convince me the turks are cool actually i just bounce right off. I liked them better in ffvii when most of their appearances amounted to gags and absurd displays of incompetency. Y'know, Team Rocket style.</p>
<div class="cite" style="font-size: 12px;"><p><i>The following section was written two weeks prior to the completed review and I've decided to keep it for posterity.</i></p></div>
<p>Normally I'd wait till I'm finished with a game before I review it but I've already decided this game deserves nothing but scorn.</p>
<p>There's a place in town called "Goblins Bar".</p>
<p>The player cannot enter Goblins Bar.</p>
<p>You cannot tantalize me with promises of golbins, only to deny me the sweet, unabashed, hedonistic pleasure of acquiring goblins. Madness! Tragedy! What is the point of games? To be art? If so, Crisis Core has failed in artistic pursuits by not including the most critical of gaming features. And that would be goblins. -1000000/10</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crisis_Core.png" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17633449">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy VIII (1999)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Final_Fantasy_8_ntsc-front.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>I LOVE this game. <img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"></p>
<p>I like every character. The battle system is unique. Junctioning is interesting. The parallel storytelling of Squall and Laguna is <i>chef kiss</i>.</p>
<p>I got <strike>a little</strike> <b>A LOT</b> frustrated with the final boss gauntlet. This seems to be the start of SquareEnix's habit of having a string of bosses as the final challenge. Unlike ffvii, these fights happen sequentially and any statuses and damage your party has gets carried over. Theres also a few esoteric quirks in the game's combat that are counterintuitive. Levelling characters does not benefit the player the way you'd normally assume it would in an RPG. Bosses and enemies scale to the player's level, but boss stats will outpace the player at higher levels. The majority of stats come from the junctioning system, so the game is actually easier if you deliberately supress your party's level.</p>
<p>Once again, this game is best played with a guide handy. Don't be like me and discover way too late how best to optimize your party for bosses. I'm not gonna lie, I had an unusually strong negative reaction when I lost to Ultimecia after trying to grind her out for three hours. Only to find out my over-grinding habit is what was making her more difficult than she needed to be.</p>
<p>Other than that, the game is great. I really like ATB. Took me a little bit to understand how to properly junction, but really as long as you know which spells to draw, the auto-junction feature is pretty reliable.</p>
<p>A lot of these characters are archetypes that I normally dislike, but every single character has been an absolute banger. <img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_happy.gif"> I very much relate to Squall to an embarrassing degree. Irvine is the best. I love him. Also love Zell. Selphie really surprised me bc normally someone like her would irritate me but she's just excellent. I love her. Rinoa is similar. Quistis deserves better, I think. Even Seifer I ended up really liking to the point where I was seriously hoping he would join my party. He's such an asshole and having him in the main party would have been so fun.</p>
<p>I genuinely, fully bought into the romance scenes of the game. All of them. The extended cutscene with just Squall and Rinoa was touching. Love a good romance story. Laguna's past relationships were bittersweet to watch as well. At first, Laguna's arc felt like it was interrupting my gameplay, but that feeling quickly stopped because it was easy to become invested in his story. â¡</p>
<p>I also love all the sorceresses. All of them were overdesigned, evil-for-evil's-sake messes which is exactly what they should be. Sephiroth could <b>NEVER</b>.</p>
<p>All that being said, I think this ffviii resonated with me in a way that was a little more personal than usual. I can totally get why anyone would not like this game. I can only imagine some things in this game can be quite divisive. (id hazard a guess that the extended love scene or the devastating final boss would bounce some people right off.) Still, I think its a little underrated as far as ff games go. There arent any spinoffs or sequels which is a shame.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_8_ntsc-front.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy VIII">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2122514">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy IX (2000)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Ffixbox.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>Ffix is the platonic ideal final fantasy game.</p>
<p>The gameplay is mechanically sound. It achieves this by using only the tried and true elements of jrpgs. As a result, the gameplay feels like it's been streamlined compared to some earlier ff titles. I'm still a fan of the ATB. The battles in this game just feel good. (b*u*)b</p>
<p>The unique game mechanic is that skills/spells are learned via equipping armour. A little strange from an in-universe perspective, but servicable as a game element.</p>
<p>There are some aesthetic similarities to crytal chronicles which I find pretty neat.</p>
<p>It seems that ffix was made to be a reconstruction of the standard rpg formula as a followup on the edgier and darker ff titles that Square had been putting out at the time. But it's not that great as a reconstruction imo. Ffix keeps all of the themes and plot tendancies of the recent ff games of the time while adopting the <i>aesthetic</i> of older ff games. Dont ge me wrong, ffix is good, but it exist in the awkward space of following in the shadow of ffvii, while earlier entires of ff were and are still popular among jrpg fans.</p>
<p>Ffix is structured to be a rather safe entry into the series. This means it does nothing erroneous, but also doesnt do anything particularly special. As a result, ffix might actually be a good entry point into the series, buuuut this also means for any single aspect that ff ix does good, I think there's another ff game that does that thing better.</p>
<p>I dunno. Maybe im missing the mark on this take, but ff ix is just not as interesting as other ff games. ¯\_(Ï â¸ Ï)_/¯</p>
<p>I think I prefer it when ff games suck at least a little bit. I seem to have more fun when they're bad.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ffixbox.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy IX">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1129735">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy X (2001)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation 2</h3>
<img src="Gallery/Ffxboxart.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>PAIN. I do not like this game. Rare instance that I quit so deliberately. Bosses are too gimmicky with little to no chance of beating them blind. This would be less of an issue if the game wasnât so. Goddamn. SLOW. Not just cutscenes (which are unskippable btw), but battle scenes are slow and really spaced out.</p>
<p>It takes like 3 hours before the game proper starts. Insanity. The save file says Iâve clocked 30 hrs but the actual number is probably over 40. Play this on an emulator at 2x speed for a reasonable pace.</p>
<p>The story suffers from the problem where every other character is more interesting than the protag. Protag is a standard shounen protag w nothing else going on. Special shoutout to John DiMaggio for turning Wakka into the most endearing character of the bunch. Love that guy.</p>
<p>As an aside, what is up w this era of Square Enix and making insufferable final boss runs? Kh1 had a similar problem.</p>
<p>Anyways, piss tier. This game is piss tier.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>By The box/cover art can or could be obtained from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square Soft</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ffxboxart.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy X">Fair use</a>, <a href="httpshttps:://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26932371">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy XIII (2009)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>Xbox 360</h3>
<img src="Gallery/Final_Fantasy_XIII_EU_box_art.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>This game is. Not Good. I had a blast. I ended up yelling so much while playing through this.</p>
<p>The first thing that confused me is that this game is on 3 discs. THREE discs on a 6th gen console? The goddamn audacity. It asked me to change discs after 8 hrs. Then again after another 13 hrs. The bulk of the gameplay was on disc 3, where the only open world portion of the game is on. I did almost none of the sidequests and clocked over 20 hrs just on disc 3 and thereâs more content on that disc. I donât fully understand why itâs on 3 discs? Disc 1 and disc 2 are all linear gameplay, and they donât have that much more cutscenes compared to disc 3. and the cinematic cutscenes arenât even in high quality? Theyâre like in 720p. Thereâs crust. Thereâs crust! Why is there crust? (â__â )</p>
<p>Most of the characters are unhinged but not in the fun ways. Lightning canât seem to decide if sheâs callous or caring. <strike>Vanille annoys me.</strike> I change my mind, Vanille is fine. Snow... heâs like tailor made for me aesthetically, a tank w ice powers and a stupid necklace that be bought from Claireâs. He had so much good himbo potential. Heâs only got two personality traits, âMe Heroâ and, âSad Abt Girlfirend. :(â. When hes not whingeing abt his dead girlfrind, hes got grandeur illusion of being a hero in serious need of a reality check. Not even the purge sequence at the beginning of the game is has him second guess his actions, and thatâs like a sensible direction for his arc?? (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ» </p>
<p>Sazh is almost excellent. They gave him this racism character arc that is never resolved. Alright. Thats fine. Itâs fine. Its fine Êâ¿Êââ</p>
<p>Fang is perfect. <i>*chef kiss*</i></p>
<p>And then thereâs Hope. He wants to kill Snow for getting his mom killed. I hate Hope so much. Hes a deranged asshole. I hate him so much. Other characters literally told him to his face that a) Snow isnât actually responsible for killing his mom and b) the revenge fixation is Weird(tm).</p>
<p>So, thereâs this like, 30 minute sequence on disc 2 that seems to want to resolve everyoneâs character arcs in a hurry. The end result is a standard JRPG party fuelled by the power of friendship or whatever. Immediately, everyone is less insufferable. Just like that. This happened at around the 20 hr mark. Before that, most of the game is teams of 2 and some of the most batshit interactions Iâve ever seen.</p>
<p>Theres also some fucking incredible ludonarrative dissonance. I keep waiting for the game to give me all the cool powers and items that show up in cutscenes and it doesnt give them to me. Lightning uses a cool power in like her second cutscene and my reaction to that was "oh, cool, Iâm gonna get a tutorial on how to use that :)" It never happens. Thereâs also this knife thatâs introduced in Hopeâs character arc and itâs not a huge leap from his actual weapon class that I assumed the knife would show up as a usable weapon in the inventory. It doesnât. The knife is supposed to be a metaphor/ symbol for his arc, and itâs just. Dropped? Halfway through the plot? It never comes up towards the end. AND ALSO itâs a shitty knife. I gotta say.</p>
<p>All while Iâm auto-battling everything. I canât believe it took me this long to mention the auto-battling. All the cool shit happens in cutscenes and Iâm auto-battling like an asshole!!</p>
<p>This game is SO pretty. The music is good too. I spent a lot of time standing around and admiring the skybox and environment. The animation during the cinematic cutscenes is really impressive. The voice work is excellent. I can see why people like this game. The auto-battling actually comes back around in making this game more accessible to people who might not be into more traditional RPG style games. Levelling is much more streamlined, and thereâs enough opportunity for players to be overlevelled by the time they reach the late-game.</p>
<p>I can understand why people love and defend this game. I genuinely had a good time. I would never play this ever agian.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>May be found at the following website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehut.pantherssl.com/productimg/0/415/34/10048634-1262950273-656000.jpg">TheHut.com</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_XIII_EU_box_art.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XIII">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25269547">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy XIII-2 (2011)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>Xbox 360</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Final_Fantasy_XIII-2_Game_Cover.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>Lightning spent the entire first game plotting her future brother-in-law's murder because she didnt trust him with her sister. Then some asshole falls out of the sky and she trusts him immediately. Lol seems legit</p>
<p>Hope shows up in this game a lot. Hes a lot more levelheaded this time around. Honestly i only like him because it was funny to remember how unhinged he was in the first game.</p>
<p>Everyone is overanimated lol</p>
<p>I will give this game credit, the low barrier to entry makes this game easy to pick up and play for a few hours. Although most of that I'd attribute to the auto-battler. There's no strategy beyond picking what stats to boost when leveling.</p>
<p>There are some combat improvements from ffxiii. They removed the long animation for the first padigram change. It was pointless fanfare that didnt pause the battle, so in ffxiii, every single battle had a few seconds of while enemies got free damage off your party. And it happened for every single battle. (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ» It makes a huge difference now that its gone thank jeebus.</p>
<p>There are a bunch of other smaller changes that have been either simplified or streamlined. Leveling is simpler. Weapons leveling was also removed.</p>
<p>I also knocked the difficultly down to easy because most combat actions are outside the player's control. It feels beyond unnecessary to make the game any harder. "Difficult" boss fights feel a lot like just hoping the RNG plays out in your favour. Besides, i already beat all of ffxiii on normal so. <i>shrug</i></p>
<p>I extremely dislike that the party is made up of Noel, Serah, and a monster. Id much rather have three humans. I can just barely forgive being forced to use monsters because I happened to stumble upon a chocobo. I have a chocobo as a party member. Its huge and stupid and goes "kweh". I put a flower on its head. I love it <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"></p>
<p>Visually, this game is alright. It does not have the same level of polish as ffxiii. I suspect it has something to do w going from 3 discs to 1 disc.</p>
<p>Every now and then, the game gas a really harsh filer overlay. Or the camera will do something uncomfortable. Visually unpleasant moments. >:/</p>
<p>I hate Caius' sword so much. It hardly has a cutting edge and it's got fuksgdhding <b>PIERCINGS</b>. Why does it have piercings?? Its an overdesigned mess. How does he stab or cut anything with it? He might as well wield a slab of concrete to the same effect.</p>
<p>It ends <i>LIKE THAT???</i> ooooof</p>
<div class="cite"><p>The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_XIII-2_Game_Cover.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XIII-2">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33607134">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy XV (2016) <i style="font-size: 0.5em;">the big one</i></button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation 4</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/FF_XV_cover_art.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>This review is so huge I've divided this into subsections. They are sorted in a way I think is logical, but can be read freely in any order.</p>
<h4>This game is peak modern ff</h4>
<p>The reason I'm fascinated by ffxv is because its <i>almost</i> good.</p>
<p>Like it just barely misses the mark and its so compelling how it keeps fumbling in really weird ways?? Like. The combat is shite. Its not at all intuitive. And there's so many strange oddities throughout. Like, on the surface, ffxv plays like any regular open world game but you dig down just a little and the oddest design choices are there</p>
<p>I'm utterly captivated.</p>
<h4>No combat. Just vibes.</h4>
<p>This doesnt feel like an ff game but that's not really news.</p>
<p>The core gameplay in any rpg is combat. It might not be the main draw, but players are expected to interact with this aspect most frequently with regular skill checks.</p>
<p>The combat in ffxv is... not great. But more importantly, combat in ffxv feels kinda incidental.</p>
<p>What I mean is the frequency in which I engage with the combat mechanics seems far lower than not only other rpgs, but other action adventure games. Since the combat mechanics aren't great, I end up approaching combat w the attitude of "i just need to get through this to go back to playing the game".</p>
<p><i>"But wait, isnt the combat the point of the game?"</i> Yeah, you would think but. Ffxv gameplay seems to want to pull away from that. The driving plot is to aquire magic weapons to overthrow an imperialist invasion, but the gameplay? Its all about enjoying a fun roadtrip vacation with your three closest buddies man.</p>
<p>So, as I play through ffxv, I frequently forget im playing an ff game. Because most of my time is spent driving a car. Fishing. Camping. Exploring the wilderness. Buying ingredients and ordering food. Most party interactions have prompts for the player to respond. Its all very slice-of-life and mundane. I dont mean that as a bad thing. The roadtrip simulator stuff is the part I like the best.</p>
<h4>~.*ï½¥â§Ludonarrative dissonanceâ§ï½¥*.~</h4>
<p>There's a serious contrast with the big, sweeping cinematics and high fantasy moments that feel out of place compared to the ~Vibes Only~ gameplay. The game tells me im a prince with a magic bloodline that must collect mystical weapons but that doesnt seem to matter as much as handing over a can of car wax to my mechanic in exchange for a fat exp reward.</p>
<p>The combat mechanics seem to exist at the centre of this contradiction. Theres a serious tension between the plot telling a standard jrpg story to the player, and the gameplay rewarding the player for just vibing. Like, the best rewards come from side quests about food, cars, and taking pictures. Anytime im ambushed with a random encounter, its like the combat inturrupts the momentum of the "real" gameplay. <strike>Oddly, i dont feel this way about hunting sidequests or even monsters i see in the overworld. I think its because i get to choose to engage with them or not, unlike the random encounters.</strike></p>
<p>This tonal/gameplay dissonance seems to only get worse when the game (very literally) railroads you into the endgame. All the exploration and casual style is thrown right out the window in exchange for a linear and combat heavy game.</p>
<p>ffxv is two different games glued together. A roadtrip simulator in the first half, and a action-adventure beat-em-up in the later half. <strike>And the roadtrip simulator is soo funn</strike></p>
<p>Strangely, the game is aware that the front end of the game is very much about vibing with friends. The last dungeon highlights this and I'll get more into that in a minute.</p>
<p>Speaking of final dungeon, you can skip it! Although the game is not exactly clear that you can, or that once you do, its not possible to go back to play it unless you reload a save or exit to the title screen to play the section. I elected to play through the dungeon for two reasons, to experience the plot as the devs intend, and to actually improve my combat.</p>
<p>And you know what? I did get better at the combat. And. I still think its bad. Its <i>almost</i> good but just falls short in nearly every metric. The camera work and lock-on system is great! But there is no compensation for bushes or pillars getting in the way. The link-strike is super fun! If you can figure out how to trigger it consistently. Spells are fun to make and fun to cast! Except everyone's a melee user and friendly fire means you will <b>always</b> hit your entire team. Cover and recovery are a little clunkly, but servicable. Did you know there are almost <b>no</b> cover spots in the final dungeon? The wait timer is so useful! Except its exclusively controlled automatically, misfires frequently, and its not possible to activate <strike>super sayian mode, fuggen i forget what its called</strike> the armiger while in wait time.</p>
<p>Its just... does not feel good to play.</p>
<h4>The old map was better</h4>
<p>There are two versions of the final map to the end boss (not to be confused with the final dungeon, which occurs before the final map). There's the day one edition and the royal edition. I liked the day one version better.</p>
<p>The vast majority of the additional content in the royal edition are fantastic. But the new version of the Insomnia map is a serious miss for me. I wish i was able to freely switch back to the day one version.</p>
<p>Like, i get why it was changed. The day one version had no quests, no points of interests, and no incentives to explore the map. In fact, when i got to Insomnia the first time around, i was slightly over leveled (the rec level is 45) but the map disincentivises exploration by spawning crazy lvl 80+ mini-bosses. Im sure im not the only one who found the shortest route to the Citadel and skipped basically the entire map to get there.</p>
<p>But day one edition has this... vibe. <strike>It's all about vibes man.</strike> Everything is in greyscale. The fights feel like youre either fighting off hoards of things or a monster too big to even approach. The music is a soft rendition of the main theme. Its somber. And lonely. And oddly quiet. Whatever monsters you come across have already lived in the ruins of this city for a very long time. The subdued tone of the day one Insomnia matches and elevates the final scenes of the game. The player is given a chance to look through the pictures one last time and is asked to pick one picture. Just one. To take with you. Its a reminder that despite everything, despite the loneliness and desolation, you, the player and main character, have always had one thing between hope and total annihilation. Three companions, three friends who followed you from the beginning of a roadtrip to a doomed wedding to the literal end of the world where everything is quiet and smothered in darkness. Even without the game telling me to, there were moments when id stop to listen to the music and take in the mood. This was the Insomnia for reflection and quiet contemplation.</p>
<p>The royal edition looked at all that, said, "thats nice", and <b>obliterated the shit out of it</b>.</p>
<p>The final map was completely overhauled for the royal edition.</p>
<p>Sure, the royal edition has a more balanced map w mob spawns that are actually within the rec level. Theres some good rewards for completing the new quests. Theres a cool base with npcs, some of them from the overworld. You can. Drive. A monster truck. Fuckin sick.</p>
<p>the royal edition Insomnia has this All Game All The Time approach to its design. Everythings red on fire. The music is super intense. The battles are fast-paced and exciting. So many npcs and quests and stealth missions. Lots of things to do and look at.</p>
<p>And that like. Kinda clashes in a really gaudy way, y'know? As a game map, its great. But it comes at the cost of losing this special moment.</p>
<p>Gone is the somber atmosphere. Gone is the beautiful rendition of the main theme. Gone is the quiet contemplation before oblivion.</p>
<p>After the credits, theres a cutscene of the characters in the last camp. Its a quiet moment where Noctis gets to express his appreciation for his companions on this journey. The day one Insomnia matches that tone, giving the player a chance to also appreciate one last adventure with the party through the quiet and dark. This is a game about vibes, and day one Insomnia was the Better Vibe</p>
<h4>Music slaps</h4>
<p>Full stop.</p>
<h4>Why would I ever switch characters?</h4>
<p>So the combat mechanics are already pretty upsetting as it is. It's possible to unlock an ability that allows the player to switch to any party member mid-battle. Is it fun? Not at all! :)</p>
<p>Every playable character has a unique mechanic AS WELL AS SEPERATE CONTROL SCHEMES. <b>WHY.</b> Switching characters means fumbling controls while muscle memory struggles to catch up to what's happening. This would be less of an issue if it was possible to commit to controlling anyone besides Noct outside of battle. But, nope. ¯\_(Ï â¸ Ï)_/¯</p>
<p>The biggest sin is the shooter mechanics like B R U H if a dev make fuckin shooter mechanics, all i ask is they fuckin COMMIT to making a shokter. Why do you have two guns with different control schemes?? Playing as Prompto breaks my brain.</p>
<h4>Prompto's friendship with Noct is meaningless</h4>
<p>The fact that Prompto is Noctis' friend because of divine intervention 100% undercuts any previous implication that Prompto was the only person who became Noctis' friend by choice. It basically means every single person in Noctis' life - his advisor, his body guard, his fiance - has been either assigned to him or arranged.</p>
<p>When you look at just the base game, Prompto is the only relationship Noctis <i>chooses</i> to pursue and <i>chooses</i> to keep. Noctis doesnt have to keep Prompto around but he does anyway. And Prompto chooses Noctis not because of his title and status, but because he genuinely likes Noctis as a person. Prompto also does this <i>despite</i> all of his personal hangups with anxiety and self-doubt. He pushes through all of that because he <i>wants to be Noct's friend</i>.</p>
<p>Now with new extra material, we know Prompto was basically predestined and <i>explicitly told</i> to become Noctis' friend. This cheapens any previous implication that these two want to be friends outside of any higher power or meaning. No longer is friendship valuable for its own sake.</p>
<p>And AND this also adds the the heaping implication that Noctis' <i>entire</i> life was completely outside of his control or will. His title as prince means all the mundane aspects are organized for him and his status as Chosen One means his life purpose is bound to this inescapable destiny.</p>
<p>We got this inplication that Prompto was <i>literally</i> the only person that Noctis got to pick for himself, and thats not even trUE IM SO MAD IM SO MAD IMSONAMDJIDSOBSNDLSDYLQLSHSJI (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ»</p>
<h4>Episode Ignis: Fantastic Idea, Shite Ending</h4>
<p>I hate the verse 2 ending of Episode Ignis so much. I hate it. Its bad. And, as are most things in ffxv, its made worse by being almost good. It was almost great!</p>
<p>Okay, so this dlc story does something very compelling near the end. During one of the cutscenes, a dialogue prompt appears but theres only one choice available. Playing through the rest of tbe dlc gives you the canon timeline, but going back to replay that scene gives you a second, previously inaccessible option. This launches into a non-canon timeline.</p>
<p>Now, the Ring of Lucii punishes anyone dumb enough to wear the ring who isnt of royal blood. Ignis, in a desperate bid to save Noct, wears it for like half an hour and is punished by getting his eyes burned out of his skull. Cool.</p>
<p>In the alt timeline, Ignis ends up wearing the ring for waaay longer during the next fight. I'll tell ya about the consequences in a sec.</p>
<p>The new timeline jumps straight to the ending of the game, except now it's Ignis fighting the final boss instead of Noct. This fight is on a timer, and at regular intervals, the game gives the player three choices. Give up, risk your life, or sacrifice your life. Then, after a few rounds of that, the game changes your choices to just give up or sacrifice your life. You wanted to play it safe? Too bad. It's raw as fuck. I love it.</p>
<p>Now, <b>MY</b> assumption to how this unfolds is that Ignis does manage to defeat Ardyn, but in doing so, the Lucii punish Ignis by either killing him outright or crippling him even more horrifically than canon. Seems like the way to go, yeah?</p>
<p>Nah. Fuck thematic throughlines and satisfying narratives. In this timeline everything turns out... fine. Ignis isnt even blind in this timeline. Hes fine. Noct is fine. Ardyn's dead. The ten years of darkness never happen. Insomnia is rebuilt and the guys are fine.</p>
<p>Ardyn's dialogue when he dies to Ignis in the alt timeline suggests he might still be alive, and that the prophecy isnt broken, just delayed. I think thats genuinely interesting. Ignis disobeyed the gods and breaking the prophecy, which means he mearly delays the inevitable rather than solving the problem. He kicks the can further down the road so that their decendants have to deal with it instead. But that doesnt seem to be what happens.</p>
<p>The characters make <i>worse</i> choices, are more <i>harshly</i> punished, and circumvent the prophecy of the <i>gods</i> and youre telling me things work out better???? Wheres the narrative satisfaction in that? I want characters punished for their hubris! Not this garbage! You were almost good! I- aaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhh <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_cry.gif"></p>
<h4>Gladio is already perfect</h4>
<p>This is a criticism both highlights the failings of the writing in the game and is a disservice to an otherwise excellent character.</p>
<p>Gladio's DLC episode is the weakest story out of the three party members. It doesn't really introduce anything new or interesting storywise. The highlight of the DLC is the Gilgamesh boss fight. Which. The focus is SUPPOSED to be on Galdio! The DLC titled "Episode: Gladiolus" and the main draw is a boss character?</p>
<p>So, the whole motive behind Gladio going on this soul-searching quest is because he got shoved aside once and got all broody about it. His whole job is to be a bodyguard to the prince, and he decides the best way to do that is to abandon his charge - who is in more danger than he has ever been in his life - and pursue an optional side quest that basically only one other person has ever survived. fuckn <b>SURE</b>.</p>
<p>Gladio doesn't really learn anything because of the trial. He wants to get stronger, and that's what happens. He's not challenged or examined as a character. He's not chastised for acting reckless or punished for his arrogance. He's got a fat ego and the story rewarded him for it.</p>
<p>This extends to the base game too. Chapter 10 is the closest the narrative comes to portraying Gladio as fallible. Except the narrative frames Gladio as being fundementally righteous, if a little brash. Even if you think Gladio is an asshole here (AND I CERTAINLY DID) the narrative assumes we side with him.</p>
<p>Gladio is static. He doesn't change or grow. He's already perfect which makes him uncompelling and boring. What a waste of potential for such a great character. <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_cry.gif"></p>
<h4>"Are we the baddies?"</h4>
<p>So, ffxv has what I consider the most evilest ring (or, any magic artifact, really) of all time.</p>
<p>The visual motif of the main characters are all black, with skull, crossbones, and Louboutins ~.*ï½¥â§for men<sup style="font-size: 0.5em;">TM</sup>â§ï½¥*.~ for their literal uniforms. This is p standard edgy ff nonsense. But the ring of Lucii can only be worn by the One True King. The King of Kings. (Weirdly heavy on the jesus metaphor, this game.) And when you do eventually get the ring, it has three spells. The first spell steals HP and absorbs it. The second steals MP. The third sets off a magic bomb and explodes everyone. Apparently putting on the ring is also super painful and anyone who isnt the chosen king who wears it, well...</p>
<p>Two characters other than Noctis try to wear the ring. The first dude had his whole arm burn off. The second dude has his eyes burned out of his skull. By the way, the OTHER name for this ring is Ring of Radiant Light : )))) Its also all black!</p>
<p>And like... dude??? This is the evilest thing ive ever seen??????? THIS is the macguffin thats supposed to save the world? Literally, the world is covered in darkness w no sun for 10 yrs and the protag has to wear the ring to banish the darkness and fuggin dies in the process like????????</p>
<p>First if all, hello anime Jesus that looks like Keanu Reeves. Secondly, the???? EVIL RING??? And its supposed to be the ring thats associated w the ultimate good? Legit i was halfway thru the final dungeon like "...are we the baddies?"</p>
<p>But ff is not that sophisticated a narrative. So. No, we're not the baddies</p>
<h4>Ardyn sucks</h4>
<p>This dude- THIS DUDE is such a shite villain. Who is ALSO made worse by extra material.</p>
<p>One of the early interpretations of Ardyn's actions - and certainly my takeaway of the character - is that he is attempting to commit suicide at the end of the game. He's a death seeker. He's conditionally immortal and the only thing that can kill him is a fully powered King of Lucii.</p>
<p>Most of the content in the dlc also suggests this to be true kinda. <strike>Which i have not played and no real desire to.</strike></p>
<p>Ardyn, apparently, had s healing power to cure people of starscourge. Except its not a cure, because he just absorbed it into himself, which is how he became immortal. He was <i>supposed</i> to ascend the throne of Lucii but then his younger brother usurped him, killed his lover and then banished him to a solitary confinement cell for two thousand years.</p>
<p>I dunno man, i can totally see someone just wanting it to end after all that.</p>
<p>Except thats not Ardyn's motivation. He wants revenge? On the Lucius bloodline and the gods who set this whole thing in motion. <strike>That second one is super fair actually.</strike> The only reason he helped Noct is because he wanted the satisfaction of killing a fully powered King of Lucii. <i>siiigh</i></p>
<h4>Bahamut is a dick</h4>
<p>The whole reason Ardyn got fucked w such a raw deal is because Bahamut needed a vessel to contain the starscourge so it was all in one place for the Chosen One to erase. Except theres starscourge everywhere?</p>
<p>Like, Ardyn only seems to contain a fraction of it, because starscourge is used to make monsters or whatever. If Ardyn contained all of it, then there would be no monsters because nothing else can be infected with starscourge.</p>
<p>And then, the only reason Noct has to die is because the prophecy - the one Bahamut <b>MADE UP</b> - said so. The prophecy says something like "a life must be forfeit" except. That's Ardyn! Thats Ardyn whose life is forfeit! These two died to clear out the starscourge and it happened in the way that caused the most death and destruction.</p>
<p>Like, why the ten years of darkness? Can starscourge just <i>do</i> that? If so, why wasnt there eternal darkness in any other point in time? Did Ardyn unleash it? Why? I'm just not convinced it was necessary. Especially since you don't really get to experience it much as a player.</p>
<p>I feel like none of this needed to be this way (which is kinda confirmed in Ep. Ignis) so why did Bahamut - god of gods - do it this way?? Like, hes supposed to like humans, and youre telling me he pick the method that most certainly killed the <b>most</b> amount of humans. Im flabbergasted.</p>
<h4>I bet this game is very popular with women</h4>
<p>This is sort of one of those things where I have no idea how to descibe what something must be like to become more appealing to women, I just know it when I see it. I sort of had this impression women liked this game before starting ffxv, but i had no idea the extent of it.</p>
<p>And if the AO3 stats are anything to go by, it's <i>very</i> popular with women. As of my writing this, ffvii has 14k listed works (the remake has 5k) compared to ffxv which has a whooping 34k listed works. Thats an astonishing amount.</p>
<p>I hope its not news to anyone reading this that fanfic spaces are largely female dominated, and tend to be a soft indicator for whats popular among girls and women. I suspect ffxv owes a lot of its success to women who are new to the series, rather than long-time fans of the series.</p>
<p>I was basically halfway through chapter 10 (or about halfway through the late game) when it dawned on me <i>oh</i>, this game is <i>super</i> popular with women. And like, i kinda get it?</p>
<p>Even just look at how the main party is designed and characterized. Youve got four georgeous dudes that are tailor made to appeal to the broadest possible female audience. These four guys cover a lot of the traits women find appealing in men, utilizing a diversity of appearances and archetypes that women and girls tend to be into. Even if a girl doesn't like all of them shes probably gonna end up really liking at least one of them. And for sure this applies to any player to some extent but thats beside my point. bear with me here.</p>
<p>I dont think its a huge stretch to guess that women were involved in designing these guys. (From what i understand, Square has had women involved in their character design from day one.) my point being, this game has female gaze. Like a lot of female gaze. i dont think ffxv would have been nearly as popular with women if the main party had been designed by men. <strike>What women find attractive and what men <i>think</i> women find attractive are more often seperate than overlapping.</strike> If men designed the main party, we would have gotten Cloud 2.0 flanked by three variations of Gladio. Fr</p>
<h4>People like Final Fantasy now??</h4>
<p>So, i know i just made a point about this game being popular with women. But like, that doesnt account for the disproportionate popularity of ff now as compared to ffxiii. Like, for the longest time, ffvii was the crown jewel of the series. Nobody liked anything Square put out after ffvii. Nobody gave a shit about ff outside of ffvii. People are just now finally coming back around to the series and now the series sucks!! Ff games have sucked since like 2001 imo and <b><i>now</i></b> final fantasy is cool again??</p>
<p>People are sleeping on ffviii and that one is such a banger. Ffviii slaps. Even with the port to switch and ps4, no one is paying ANY attention to it. That game doesnt have any spinoffs or sequels or any new content but ffxv gets a movie and an anime.</p>
<p>Y'know, i used to think people who liked Twilight Princess the best were missing out on better Zelda titles, but at least in that series, how popular i think those games <i>should</i> be is like proportioal to how popular they <i>actually</i> are, y'know?</p>
<p>Whereas the better ff games seem to be forgotten to history while the popular ff titles arent necessarily the best ones <strike>or even good in the first place.</strike></p>
<h4><b>We've got three amazing characters trapped in a shite game</b></h4>
<p>So. Here's my problem. I genuinely Love this game. Even tho its mediocre as far as open world AAA title, and bad as far as action games go. I still really like ffxv because theres one thing this game does good.</p>
<p>I think ffxv has some of The Best companion character mechanics of any adventure game i have ever played. And there are three of them. Gladiolus, Prompto, and Ignis are <b>The</b> Heart and Soul of ffxv.</p>
<p>Even though ffxv suffers from all the usual trappings of repeated context dialogue, AI jank, and model/rigging mishaps, none of those detract from the effort and focus put into just these three characters.</p>
<p>The voice work is divine. The dialogue is delightful. The mocap and animation is expressive. All three characters display a broad range of depth and emotion as the plot develops. Most of the game is just "vibing with your three best frens :)" and i genuinely fully bought into this premise. Gladiolus, Prompto and Ignis <i>are</i> my three best friends. <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"></p>
<p>The impact of the entire back half of the plot hinges on the player being totally invested in these three characters. It explains a good chunk of the insane game design. It would certainly explain why the game is open world for the first half and linear for the latter half. The devs needed players become attached to their companion characters. That way, the story has a better impact when the stakes are raised. The problem is the best way to get players to like companions is in an openworld adventure, and the only sensible way to tell a high stakes story is a strickly linear game.</p>
<p>So in the first half, players spend a lot of time just... <b><i>vibing</i></b>. And then suddenly the plot kicks in and youre basically stuck on it until the game decides its done telling you the story. And it... almost kinda really works? Like, its weirdly effective. But this can only work if, and i mean IF the player develops a fondness for these three characters. And to me, that just seems like such a risky gambit for the basis of an entire game and plot.</p>
<p>So like, judging ffxv as a game that is a collection of mechanics, this game royally sucks.</p>
<p>But when i am about the face down the final boss, and the game asks the player to pick one picture to take as a memento, i spent a good fifteen minutes or so just looking through the one hundred and thirty odd pictures i had saved. These were pictures of all the times ive shared with the three best video game companions ive ever had. I realized at some point i had never taken the roleplay of a protagonist who cared about his friends as seriously as I have in ffxv.</p>
<p>A common video game story telling device is to take a basic function away from the player. The game does this eary on with the car. Like any other game that does this, it was mildly annoying at best and frustrating at worst. But ffxv does this again. In the final dungeon. <strike>assuming you chose not to skip it</strike> you have to go through the entire dungeon alone. No companions. This, to me, made ffxv final dungeon the most compelling end game experience so far.</p>
<p>Afterwards, the game sends you back in time to openworld roadtrip simulator half of the game. Ive never been more happy to indulge in a postgame experience. I was genuinely stoked to keep playing more ffxv, so i can continue vibing with my three buddies. <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_happy.gif"></p>
<p>I was so enamoured with these guys I even did the New Game+. I've replayed nearly all the sidequests, bought some DLC, and beat the game again. I would absolutely replay this game down the road just to experience these vibes. The things that suck abt this game will probably be smoothed over in my memory as charming quirks of the title.</p>
<p>I love this game. It sucks. It's got immaculate vibes. I look forward to replaying this ten yrs from now when I've forgotten most of the game.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>By The box/cover art can or could be obtained from <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a>., <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF_XV_cover_art.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XV">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50669080">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Final Fantasy Type-0 (2011)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>PlayStation 4 (2015)</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/FF_Type-0_HD_box_art.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>Type-0 has a bunch of characters i really like stuck in a game that sucks. The characters also suck. I dunno what that says about me lol</p>
<p>So, the characters are not bad in a "these people are irritating" way, but in a "these characters are so flat theyre one dimensional" sort of way. And i recognize that i probably likes these characters a lot more bc i experienced this game on the heels of ffxiii. I think i found it refreshing to meet a cast of characters so void of personality or motive they came off as inoffensive. The game had 14 playable characters, only 3 of them have any significance. Everyone else gets [one] standardized anime sterotype and thats it. Each character's whole personality is just sounding off on their one trait. Now that i think about it, even the 3 important playable characteds are not much better.</p>
<p>The reason i think this formula works for me is bc you (the player) are free to interpret and project whatever you want onto each character. Theres almost nothing to work with, which also means your basically free to glean whatever you want from them. I like the <i>idea</i> of a character.</p>
<p>That being said, as much as i enjoyed how inoffensive the characters were, there's a lot of lost potential. The whole theme of the game is to highlight the horrors of war, made worse that our cast is made up of child soldiers. There's also the classic RPG found family thing, but it feels a little unearned as the character dynamics feel a touch underdeveloped.</p>
<p>The gameplay suffers from the same problems as Crisis Core, only spread across 14 characters, making the game feel a little more clumsy. I think the game really expects the player to take advantage of the idle levelling system in order to avoid grinding. The levelling is capped after 24 hrs, so bes practice is to check in once a day. This would have been much easier to accomplish on the PSP version. But whatever. You don't really need it to beat the game.</p>
<p>But its absolutely <i>necessary</i> if you want to try and get the true ending. I wouldn't know what that's like. I gave up on the secret ending halfway through my second playthrough.</p>
<p>There is one bit of the plot I'm really hooked on.</p>
<span class="spoiler">As both a romance lover and a tragedy enjoyer, i think theres something good here. Youve got Rem who is dying of fantasy cancer, given the chance at eternal life in exchange for subservience. And youve got her childhood friend, Machina, who thinks everything he cares about is either gone, dead, or dying. He does not trust the people or institutions that are supposed to be on his side. So naturally, he defects to the enemy bc what better way to get himself killed? By the time Machina realizes Rem has ascdended to demigod status, he's been out of the loop for too long and in way too deep. The cumulation of these two arcs is that Rem unwittingly kills Machina, thinking he's an enemy (and she's not entirely wrong). But because this is final fantasy, they dont quite die. Instead, theyre immortalized in crystal, locked in an eternal embrace, with no fear of losing each other ever again. Love shit like this. This shit resonates with me and i dont know why. I've been thinking about this plot for months <img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"><img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_cry.gif"></span>
<div class="cite"><p>May be found at the following website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images-eds.xboxlive.com/image?url=8Oaj9Ryq1G1_p3lLnXlsaZgGzAie6Mnu24_PawYuDYIoH77pJ.X5Z.MqQPibUVTc8UjSXYabF1cnb.ro4s3cYiyyl0A58enXPwdjiEpJAfV289o4fXsFBEU2XXpUnhdj2.Tf0FvWP08c6HGijKpJw0Z2w91OQM5jSnlG5HC_rakV51O88qk_z9SVcTflW_qwim5NuCRJ_F7vSGuAFPNgsR81M19spSF_caNzodhmqbc-&format=png">Xbox</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF_Type-0_HD_box_art.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy Type-0 HD">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44768688">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Theatrhythm Final Fantasy (2012)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>Nintendo 3DS</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Theatrhythm.png" class="boxart">
<p>Cute rhythm game! <img src="http://spacepop.neocities.org/Assets/z_love.gif"> Touch-only controls aren't anything unusual for rhythm games by this point. Directional inputs are fairly forgiving. Some notes are slightly off-beat on the tracks, and players are expected to replicate that. Occurs rarely and isnt a huge problem otherwise.</p>
<p>Short game. I got the credits to roll in under 6 hrs. Also easy. I suspect this was a practical decision as any increased difficulty would risk the player punching a hole through their screen with the stylus lmao</p>
<p>The only major spoiler i could detect is related to ffvii. And even then, its obfuscated by removing all context. All other potential spoilers for other games are related to romance. Everything else is nonsensical if youre not already familiar with the source material.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>By <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/81l6wc-Z4vL._AA1500_.jpg">Amazon.co.uk</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theatrhythm.png" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32412842">Link</a></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<button type="button" class="collapsible">Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call (2014)</button>
<div class="content">
<h3>Nintendo 3DS</h3>
<img src="https://spacepop.neocities.org/Reviews/Gallery/Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy_Curtain_Call_US_cover.jpg" class="boxart">
<p>This is VASTLY superior to theatrhythm. Dont bother buying the original if youre considering this series. This version has everything the original has, as well as like, 4x the content.</p>
<p>Edit: I originally wrote this before I knew a sequel for the switch was coming out. I still stand by this sentiment. Playing this on the 3ds is just fun. I might get Final Bar further down the line, but for right now, this is my go-to rhythm game.</p>
<div class="cite"><p>By <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://operationrainfall.com/2014/06/12/theatrhythm-ff-curtain-call-e32014-prev/">[1]</a>, <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy_Curtain_Call_US_cover.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call">Fair use</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43066755">Link</a></p></div></div>
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Blogging from Space
# spacepop
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I haven't decided how to orgonize these. At the moment, I have these ordered by "family" rather than release order.
Final Fantasy (1987)
### PlayStation Portable (2007)
Solid game. Sprite work in the PSP version is rad as heck. Lots of missable content. This sometimes means the game isn't all that clear where to go next in the main plot. Or there's missable items/spells that are invaluable to beating the final boss.
Play this game with a guide handy.
I didnt know the Labyrinth of Time was an optional dungeon added to the PSP version. The cutscenes that introduce the dungeon made it seem like its supposed to be the final dungeon if you dont know better... and I didnt know better. I spent a good hour beating my head against this absurdly difficult dungeon before looking up a guide and realizing i was in the wrong place.
Disappointing that a complete remake of an old game has next to no modern QOL features.
The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF1_USA_boxart.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy (video game)"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1373964)
Final Fantasy II (1988)
### PlayStation Portable (2008)
Good game. Straightforward, easy gameplay. As per usual, i way over-grind towards the endgame and the final boss was easier than i expected. Thereâs a neat conversation mechanic used to progress the gameâs plot. Good story, charming party members. Wished Leon joined the party sooner, and his character arc was kinda wack. Overall, a safe and cute JRPG.
May be found at the following website: [lostlevels.org](http://www.lostlevels.org/200312/ff2-01.shtml), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ff2cover.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy II"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1280027)
Final Fantasy V (1992)
### PlayStation 2 (1999)
This is a strange experience for me. I have been playing the ff series very out of order. By this point, I played none of the entries between ffii and ffvii. There's a pretty sizable jump between the 2-D incredibly standard jrpg style in ffii, and the 3-D ffvii with all the iconic quirks the ff series is known for.
Ffv bridges that gap with all the usual visuals and gameplay you'd expect in a 2-D jrpg, but also tells a more character focused story like a more modern ff game. All the reoccurring elements in ff (summons, moggles, classes, etc.) are all here too. It was odd and also refreshing to find Shiva, Ifrit and other summons in sprite form.
The job system is really fun. Jobs are what the game calls the character classes. This game allows the player to change and customize the class and abilities of all four party members. There are the usual difficulty hikes you'd expect in an ff game, but job bonuses and equipment bonuses all stack on top of base stats. A good job and weapon combo can synergize so well that enemies and bosses get blown right out of the water. Character levelling improves stats too. Best part is that characters still gain exp even when theyre knocked out or separated from the party. Buuuut you lose out on the exp points for levelling jobs so its still in the players' best interest to keep characters from getting KO'd as much as possible.
As you'd expect, grinding is still a very necessary component of the game. I found it easy to keep it fresh by changing the jobs and abilities of characters as I'm levelling. The party composition changed a lot as the game progressed which made for an engaging experience.
I sort of wish the player was allowed to assign 2 bonus abilities rather than just 1. Later ff entries play out with characters having incredibly diverse skill ranges in battle. Here, characters are limited to duel-classing at most. You can max out at having 8 active class types when there are about two dosen to choose from, and sometimes it was better to avoid duel-classing. Its a real shame when there are a bunch of neat abilities that I had to pass up on.
HOWEVER, it seems there are several viable party compositions the player can beat the game with. The game is balanced in a way that changing jobs in the late game remains a viable strategy. So even after commiting a lot of resources to levelling one job, there was no serious punish for switching to a new job that has not been levelled. Limiting the customization but keeping that flexibility added a challenge that I generally enjoyed. 
I LOVE FARIS. Faris is the best. 
Story is pretty good. Music slaps. But honestly i think i only have that opinion bc ive been playing theatrhythm cocurently.
Overworld navigation slaps. The devs were pretty creative giving and taking modes of transportation. There are three overworld maps and the third one especially is pretty fun to explore. I appreciate the third map gives players the option to jump straight into the final dungeon, but the optional stuff was so fun i basically did all of it anyways. There are some pretty sick rewards for completing the optional sidequests too.
Overall, solid entry.
By <https://www.dualshockers.com/static/uploads/2015/09/376394.jpg>, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_V_Box_JAP.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy V"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2121074)
Final Fantasy VII (1997)
### PlayStation
I loooove it~ the characters are compelling, the plot is intriguing. Sephiroth takes himself waaay too seriously. There are two optional party members that seem to be well hidden and that has made me irrationally upset. It lacks some QoL aspects that more modern games have. The overworld is a bit clunky. Forgivable since this game marks the leap from 2D to 3D in the FF series.
This game utilizes an ATB, and Iâm quite happy with how it is implemented here. The materia battle system is fantastic with some potential for frustration. It has a levelling system separate from the party characters (who themselves have a skills levelling system separate from their overall level). Managing materia scratches a similar itch to building and managing a pokemon team so Iâm way into it. (â¯â¡â¯)
It is. SO GOOD. Im v satisfied w the game overall. Tifa and Barret are my favourites. Cloud remains interesting and fun throughout the game.
The box/cover art can or could be obtained from [Square](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(video_game_company) "Square (video game company)"), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_VII_Box_Art.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy VII"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1129739)
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII (2006)
### PlayStation 2
I did not understand Vincent's appeal before now but holy hell they made him so pretty. The high collar, the infinite belt buckles, the broody attitude, THE CAPE FLOURISH- Vincent is the most character of all time. Hes like a deviantart OC i would have made when i was 13.
Shoehorned into this game is a 3d platforming stealth segment with a cartoon cat. Which is immediately followed up by a scene where a crate full of screaming people is dropped into a vat of sentient goo. *amazin*
Counteroffensive is the best song its so jazzy 
The lady villain is fuckin great. Shes got a Russian accent for no other reason than "make hot lady even hotter" is my guess.
Also Yuffie is here. :/
That aside, this game sucks. Dont play it.
Okay, I have to come back and talk more about this game. I'm particularly fascinated by the enemy AI. The behaviour of the enemies have little to no sophistication.
âZach, what the fuck does that mean?â
Listen, Halo: CE had some incredible AI behaviour, and it came out five years prior to Dirge of Cerberus. Enemies in Halo are able to duck and cover, roll, sidestep, taunt players, charge, run away, and a variety of other actions. These also vary between species, and a major component of changing the difficulty level also changes what behaviours the enemies are allowed or not allowed to do. Even their aim and ammunition management changes with difficulty. I think itâs fair to say Halo: CE was ahead of its time.
DoC enemies... are worse than some early 90s shooters.
Iâm gonna let you in on a little secret; Most shooters have enemies deliberately miss their first couple shots. This gives players a chance to identify their targets and shoot back before they take damage. In a good game, this behaviour resets if the enemy loses their line of sight on the player or is no longer agro.
All enemies if DoC regardless of class have the exact same behaviour. Enemies will agro, miss their first few shots, then have laser guided aim that does not reset. Most enemy classes will pursue the player until they are back in their line of sight and continue shooting with perfect aim. Enemies on catwalks or towers will be stationary and will alternate between standing and crouching.
THATS IT. Thats ALL their behaviour.
Enemies do not de-agro and return to an idle state, they always know where the player is. Iâve been caught in hate loops because a fukin rocket launcher dude hits me with insane precision and knocks me down from rounding a corner.
Iâm not really all that mad because Iâm genuinely impressed with this level of incompetency. I had a lot of fun marvelling at how shit of a shooter this is.
[Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dirgeofcerberususbox.jpg "Fair use"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6230328)
Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII (2007)
### PlayStation Portable
Square Enix back at it again with the fuggin insane game design.
Crisis Core seems to be a beat-em-up w JRPG elements melded together. Which, okay, i can work with that.
But what took me tf out. Is that dodging, a staple of beat-em-ups, cost AP? So does blocking? Like, why would anyone design a game where dodging and blocking cost a finite resource? In a beat-em-up??? And only dodging interrupts the queue. Which, why is there a queue? A one-move queue??
Not even 30 minutes of playing and i had to stop playing to go lie down.
The DMW is FUCKING stupid. Its fine when its running in the BG and power-ups change on the fly. This makes the action dynamic and keeps me on my toes. Genuinely think thatâs a fine use of the HUD. But occasionally it interrupts the gameplay. Im trying to play an action game and it stops me in the middle of that action to make me watch slots?? Insane gameplay design.
That being said. Masterful use and change to the HUD in the final scenes of gameplay. Devs made something dogshite and still managed to make it interesting once.
The game felt like playing an MMO with a crap internet connection. Your brain just kind of adjusts to the really bad lag and gets used to the crazy delay on all inputs. Unreal.
This... was a better movie than game. The gameplay is either mindless or frustrating and then the cutscenes are actually fun to watch by contrast.
I LOVE Zack. Heâs the best. (à·ËáµËà·)
Everyone else was super likeable except Lazard. Heâs not bad or unlikable just utterly fuckin confusing. Lazard made some of the most bizarre character choices ive ever seen in a character and honestly WHAT is his motivation. Zack even points this out in-game and Lazard just says âI made bad friendsâ. Girl WHAT. Does that mean?? (Future Zach here. I realized they needed to kill anyone who doesnât appear in the OG ffvii. But then. It would have made more sense to his character is he had defected from Shinra and then was assassinated? Also Cissnei is still alive so itâs not like it matters???)
Cessnei also confuses me. How is she not like a Shinra loyalist through and through?? Genuinely think she would be guzzling that kool-aid non-stop. Also, the disconnect that decent people work for Shinra without even batting an eye or questioning whether Shinra is good when the company doesnât even bother with propaganda or hiding the fact that theyâre just evil for fun most of the time? I mean, i donât expect the ideology of these games to be well thought out but the writing is very clearly on the wall here. Like. In big flashing neon letters. And no one questions it.
This is honestly why i genuinely dislike the turks on principle. They see the inner machinations of Shinra first hand and not once do any of the turks consider the company regularly committing some of the most grotesque crimes against humanity is maybe kinda sorta suspect. Anytime compilation ffvii tries to convince me the turks are cool actually i just bounce right off. I liked them better in ffvii when most of their appearances amounted to gags and absurd displays of incompetency. Y'know, Team Rocket style.
*The following section was written two weeks prior to the completed review and I've decided to keep it for posterity.*
Normally I'd wait till I'm finished with a game before I review it but I've already decided this game deserves nothing but scorn.
There's a place in town called "Goblins Bar".
The player cannot enter Goblins Bar.
You cannot tantalize me with promises of golbins, only to deny me the sweet, unabashed, hedonistic pleasure of acquiring goblins. Madness! Tragedy! What is the point of games? To be art? If so, Crisis Core has failed in artistic pursuits by not including the most critical of gaming features. And that would be goblins. -1000000/10
The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crisis_Core.png "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17633449)
Final Fantasy VIII (1999)
### PlayStation
I LOVE this game. 
I like every character. The battle system is unique. Junctioning is interesting. The parallel storytelling of Squall and Laguna is *chef kiss*.
I got a little **A LOT** frustrated with the final boss gauntlet. This seems to be the start of SquareEnix's habit of having a string of bosses as the final challenge. Unlike ffvii, these fights happen sequentially and any statuses and damage your party has gets carried over. Theres also a few esoteric quirks in the game's combat that are counterintuitive. Levelling characters does not benefit the player the way you'd normally assume it would in an RPG. Bosses and enemies scale to the player's level, but boss stats will outpace the player at higher levels. The majority of stats come from the junctioning system, so the game is actually easier if you deliberately supress your party's level.
Once again, this game is best played with a guide handy. Don't be like me and discover way too late how best to optimize your party for bosses. I'm not gonna lie, I had an unusually strong negative reaction when I lost to Ultimecia after trying to grind her out for three hours. Only to find out my over-grinding habit is what was making her more difficult than she needed to be.
Other than that, the game is great. I really like ATB. Took me a little bit to understand how to properly junction, but really as long as you know which spells to draw, the auto-junction feature is pretty reliable.
A lot of these characters are archetypes that I normally dislike, but every single character has been an absolute banger.  I very much relate to Squall to an embarrassing degree. Irvine is the best. I love him. Also love Zell. Selphie really surprised me bc normally someone like her would irritate me but she's just excellent. I love her. Rinoa is similar. Quistis deserves better, I think. Even Seifer I ended up really liking to the point where I was seriously hoping he would join my party. He's such an asshole and having him in the main party would have been so fun.
I genuinely, fully bought into the romance scenes of the game. All of them. The extended cutscene with just Squall and Rinoa was touching. Love a good romance story. Laguna's past relationships were bittersweet to watch as well. At first, Laguna's arc felt like it was interrupting my gameplay, but that feeling quickly stopped because it was easy to become invested in his story. â¡
I also love all the sorceresses. All of them were overdesigned, evil-for-evil's-sake messes which is exactly what they should be. Sephiroth could **NEVER**.
All that being said, I think this ffviii resonated with me in a way that was a little more personal than usual. I can totally get why anyone would not like this game. I can only imagine some things in this game can be quite divisive. (id hazard a guess that the extended love scene or the devastating final boss would bounce some people right off.) Still, I think its a little underrated as far as ff games go. There arent any spinoffs or sequels which is a shame.
The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_8_ntsc-front.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy VIII"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2122514)
Final Fantasy IX (2000)
### PlayStation
Ffix is the platonic ideal final fantasy game.
The gameplay is mechanically sound. It achieves this by using only the tried and true elements of jrpgs. As a result, the gameplay feels like it's been streamlined compared to some earlier ff titles. I'm still a fan of the ATB. The battles in this game just feel good. (b\*u\*)b
The unique game mechanic is that skills/spells are learned via equipping armour. A little strange from an in-universe perspective, but servicable as a game element.
There are some aesthetic similarities to crytal chronicles which I find pretty neat.
It seems that ffix was made to be a reconstruction of the standard rpg formula as a followup on the edgier and darker ff titles that Square had been putting out at the time. But it's not that great as a reconstruction imo. Ffix keeps all of the themes and plot tendancies of the recent ff games of the time while adopting the *aesthetic* of older ff games. Dont ge me wrong, ffix is good, but it exist in the awkward space of following in the shadow of ffvii, while earlier entires of ff were and are still popular among jrpg fans.
Ffix is structured to be a rather safe entry into the series. This means it does nothing erroneous, but also doesnt do anything particularly special. As a result, ffix might actually be a good entry point into the series, buuuut this also means for any single aspect that ff ix does good, I think there's another ff game that does that thing better.
I dunno. Maybe im missing the mark on this take, but ff ix is just not as interesting as other ff games. ¯\\_(Ï â¸ Ï)\_/¯
I think I prefer it when ff games suck at least a little bit. I seem to have more fun when they're bad.
The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ffixbox.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy IX"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1129735)
Final Fantasy X (2001)
### PlayStation 2
PAIN. I do not like this game. Rare instance that I quit so deliberately. Bosses are too gimmicky with little to no chance of beating them blind. This would be less of an issue if the game wasnât so. Goddamn. SLOW. Not just cutscenes (which are unskippable btw), but battle scenes are slow and really spaced out.
It takes like 3 hours before the game proper starts. Insanity. The save file says Iâve clocked 30 hrs but the actual number is probably over 40. Play this on an emulator at 2x speed for a reasonable pace.
The story suffers from the problem where every other character is more interesting than the protag. Protag is a standard shounen protag w nothing else going on. Special shoutout to John DiMaggio for turning Wakka into the most endearing character of the bunch. Love that guy.
As an aside, what is up w this era of Square Enix and making insufferable final boss runs? Kh1 had a similar problem.
Anyways, piss tier. This game is piss tier.
By The box/cover art can or could be obtained from [Square Soft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(video_game_company) "Square (video game company)"), [Fair use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ffxboxart.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy X"), [Link](httpshttps:://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26932371)
Final Fantasy XIII (2009)
### Xbox 360
This game is. Not Good. I had a blast. I ended up yelling so much while playing through this.
The first thing that confused me is that this game is on 3 discs. THREE discs on a 6th gen console? The goddamn audacity. It asked me to change discs after 8 hrs. Then again after another 13 hrs. The bulk of the gameplay was on disc 3, where the only open world portion of the game is on. I did almost none of the sidequests and clocked over 20 hrs just on disc 3 and thereâs more content on that disc. I donât fully understand why itâs on 3 discs? Disc 1 and disc 2 are all linear gameplay, and they donât have that much more cutscenes compared to disc 3. and the cinematic cutscenes arenât even in high quality? Theyâre like in 720p. Thereâs crust. Thereâs crust! Why is there crust? (â\_\_â )
Most of the characters are unhinged but not in the fun ways. Lightning canât seem to decide if sheâs callous or caring. Vanille annoys me. I change my mind, Vanille is fine. Snow... heâs like tailor made for me aesthetically, a tank w ice powers and a stupid necklace that be bought from Claireâs. He had so much good himbo potential. Heâs only got two personality traits, âMe Heroâ and, âSad Abt Girlfirend. :(â. When hes not whingeing abt his dead girlfrind, hes got grandeur illusion of being a hero in serious need of a reality check. Not even the purge sequence at the beginning of the game is has him second guess his actions, and thatâs like a sensible direction for his arc?? (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ»
Sazh is almost excellent. They gave him this racism character arc that is never resolved. Alright. Thats fine. Itâs fine. Its fine Êâ¿Êââ
Fang is perfect. *\*chef kiss\**
And then thereâs Hope. He wants to kill Snow for getting his mom killed. I hate Hope so much. Hes a deranged asshole. I hate him so much. Other characters literally told him to his face that a) Snow isnât actually responsible for killing his mom and b) the revenge fixation is Weird(tm).
So, thereâs this like, 30 minute sequence on disc 2 that seems to want to resolve everyoneâs character arcs in a hurry. The end result is a standard JRPG party fuelled by the power of friendship or whatever. Immediately, everyone is less insufferable. Just like that. This happened at around the 20 hr mark. Before that, most of the game is teams of 2 and some of the most batshit interactions Iâve ever seen.
Theres also some fucking incredible ludonarrative dissonance. I keep waiting for the game to give me all the cool powers and items that show up in cutscenes and it doesnt give them to me. Lightning uses a cool power in like her second cutscene and my reaction to that was "oh, cool, Iâm gonna get a tutorial on how to use that :)" It never happens. Thereâs also this knife thatâs introduced in Hopeâs character arc and itâs not a huge leap from his actual weapon class that I assumed the knife would show up as a usable weapon in the inventory. It doesnât. The knife is supposed to be a metaphor/ symbol for his arc, and itâs just. Dropped? Halfway through the plot? It never comes up towards the end. AND ALSO itâs a shitty knife. I gotta say.
All while Iâm auto-battling everything. I canât believe it took me this long to mention the auto-battling. All the cool shit happens in cutscenes and Iâm auto-battling like an asshole!!
This game is SO pretty. The music is good too. I spent a lot of time standing around and admiring the skybox and environment. The animation during the cinematic cutscenes is really impressive. The voice work is excellent. I can see why people like this game. The auto-battling actually comes back around in making this game more accessible to people who might not be into more traditional RPG style games. Levelling is much more streamlined, and thereâs enough opportunity for players to be overlevelled by the time they reach the late-game.
I can understand why people love and defend this game. I genuinely had a good time. I would never play this ever agian.
May be found at the following website: [TheHut.com](http://thehut.pantherssl.com/productimg/0/415/34/10048634-1262950273-656000.jpg), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_XIII_EU_box_art.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XIII"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25269547)
Final Fantasy XIII-2 (2011)
### Xbox 360
Lightning spent the entire first game plotting her future brother-in-law's murder because she didnt trust him with her sister. Then some asshole falls out of the sky and she trusts him immediately. Lol seems legit
Hope shows up in this game a lot. Hes a lot more levelheaded this time around. Honestly i only like him because it was funny to remember how unhinged he was in the first game.
Everyone is overanimated lol
I will give this game credit, the low barrier to entry makes this game easy to pick up and play for a few hours. Although most of that I'd attribute to the auto-battler. There's no strategy beyond picking what stats to boost when leveling.
There are some combat improvements from ffxiii. They removed the long animation for the first padigram change. It was pointless fanfare that didnt pause the battle, so in ffxiii, every single battle had a few seconds of while enemies got free damage off your party. And it happened for every single battle. (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ» It makes a huge difference now that its gone thank jeebus.
There are a bunch of other smaller changes that have been either simplified or streamlined. Leveling is simpler. Weapons leveling was also removed.
I also knocked the difficultly down to easy because most combat actions are outside the player's control. It feels beyond unnecessary to make the game any harder. "Difficult" boss fights feel a lot like just hoping the RNG plays out in your favour. Besides, i already beat all of ffxiii on normal so. *shrug*
I extremely dislike that the party is made up of Noel, Serah, and a monster. Id much rather have three humans. I can just barely forgive being forced to use monsters because I happened to stumble upon a chocobo. I have a chocobo as a party member. Its huge and stupid and goes "kweh". I put a flower on its head. I love it 
Visually, this game is alright. It does not have the same level of polish as ffxiii. I suspect it has something to do w going from 3 discs to 1 disc.
Every now and then, the game gas a really harsh filer overlay. Or the camera will do something uncomfortable. Visually unpleasant moments. >:/
I hate Caius' sword so much. It hardly has a cutting edge and it's got fuksgdhding **PIERCINGS**. Why does it have piercings?? Its an overdesigned mess. How does he stab or cut anything with it? He might as well wield a slab of concrete to the same effect.
It ends *LIKE THAT???* ooooof
The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the distributor of the game or the publisher of the video game or the developers of the video game, [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_Fantasy_XIII-2_Game_Cover.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XIII-2"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33607134)
Final Fantasy XV (2016) *the big one*
### PlayStation 4
This review is so huge I've divided this into subsections. They are sorted in a way I think is logical, but can be read freely in any order.
#### This game is peak modern ff
The reason I'm fascinated by ffxv is because its *almost* good.
Like it just barely misses the mark and its so compelling how it keeps fumbling in really weird ways?? Like. The combat is shite. Its not at all intuitive. And there's so many strange oddities throughout. Like, on the surface, ffxv plays like any regular open world game but you dig down just a little and the oddest design choices are there
I'm utterly captivated.
#### No combat. Just vibes.
This doesnt feel like an ff game but that's not really news.
The core gameplay in any rpg is combat. It might not be the main draw, but players are expected to interact with this aspect most frequently with regular skill checks.
The combat in ffxv is... not great. But more importantly, combat in ffxv feels kinda incidental.
What I mean is the frequency in which I engage with the combat mechanics seems far lower than not only other rpgs, but other action adventure games. Since the combat mechanics aren't great, I end up approaching combat w the attitude of "i just need to get through this to go back to playing the game".
*"But wait, isnt the combat the point of the game?"* Yeah, you would think but. Ffxv gameplay seems to want to pull away from that. The driving plot is to aquire magic weapons to overthrow an imperialist invasion, but the gameplay? Its all about enjoying a fun roadtrip vacation with your three closest buddies man.
So, as I play through ffxv, I frequently forget im playing an ff game. Because most of my time is spent driving a car. Fishing. Camping. Exploring the wilderness. Buying ingredients and ordering food. Most party interactions have prompts for the player to respond. Its all very slice-of-life and mundane. I dont mean that as a bad thing. The roadtrip simulator stuff is the part I like the best.
#### ~.\*ï½¥â§Ludonarrative dissonanceâ§ï½¥\*.~
There's a serious contrast with the big, sweeping cinematics and high fantasy moments that feel out of place compared to the ~Vibes Only~ gameplay. The game tells me im a prince with a magic bloodline that must collect mystical weapons but that doesnt seem to matter as much as handing over a can of car wax to my mechanic in exchange for a fat exp reward.
The combat mechanics seem to exist at the centre of this contradiction. Theres a serious tension between the plot telling a standard jrpg story to the player, and the gameplay rewarding the player for just vibing. Like, the best rewards come from side quests about food, cars, and taking pictures. Anytime im ambushed with a random encounter, its like the combat inturrupts the momentum of the "real" gameplay. Oddly, i dont feel this way about hunting sidequests or even monsters i see in the overworld. I think its because i get to choose to engage with them or not, unlike the random encounters.
This tonal/gameplay dissonance seems to only get worse when the game (very literally) railroads you into the endgame. All the exploration and casual style is thrown right out the window in exchange for a linear and combat heavy game.
ffxv is two different games glued together. A roadtrip simulator in the first half, and a action-adventure beat-em-up in the later half. And the roadtrip simulator is soo funn
Strangely, the game is aware that the front end of the game is very much about vibing with friends. The last dungeon highlights this and I'll get more into that in a minute.
Speaking of final dungeon, you can skip it! Although the game is not exactly clear that you can, or that once you do, its not possible to go back to play it unless you reload a save or exit to the title screen to play the section. I elected to play through the dungeon for two reasons, to experience the plot as the devs intend, and to actually improve my combat.
And you know what? I did get better at the combat. And. I still think its bad. Its *almost* good but just falls short in nearly every metric. The camera work and lock-on system is great! But there is no compensation for bushes or pillars getting in the way. The link-strike is super fun! If you can figure out how to trigger it consistently. Spells are fun to make and fun to cast! Except everyone's a melee user and friendly fire means you will **always** hit your entire team. Cover and recovery are a little clunkly, but servicable. Did you know there are almost **no** cover spots in the final dungeon? The wait timer is so useful! Except its exclusively controlled automatically, misfires frequently, and its not possible to activate super sayian mode, fuggen i forget what its called the armiger while in wait time.
Its just... does not feel good to play.
#### The old map was better
There are two versions of the final map to the end boss (not to be confused with the final dungeon, which occurs before the final map). There's the day one edition and the royal edition. I liked the day one version better.
The vast majority of the additional content in the royal edition are fantastic. But the new version of the Insomnia map is a serious miss for me. I wish i was able to freely switch back to the day one version.
Like, i get why it was changed. The day one version had no quests, no points of interests, and no incentives to explore the map. In fact, when i got to Insomnia the first time around, i was slightly over leveled (the rec level is 45) but the map disincentivises exploration by spawning crazy lvl 80+ mini-bosses. Im sure im not the only one who found the shortest route to the Citadel and skipped basically the entire map to get there.
But day one edition has this... vibe. It's all about vibes man. Everything is in greyscale. The fights feel like youre either fighting off hoards of things or a monster too big to even approach. The music is a soft rendition of the main theme. Its somber. And lonely. And oddly quiet. Whatever monsters you come across have already lived in the ruins of this city for a very long time. The subdued tone of the day one Insomnia matches and elevates the final scenes of the game. The player is given a chance to look through the pictures one last time and is asked to pick one picture. Just one. To take with you. Its a reminder that despite everything, despite the loneliness and desolation, you, the player and main character, have always had one thing between hope and total annihilation. Three companions, three friends who followed you from the beginning of a roadtrip to a doomed wedding to the literal end of the world where everything is quiet and smothered in darkness. Even without the game telling me to, there were moments when id stop to listen to the music and take in the mood. This was the Insomnia for reflection and quiet contemplation.
The royal edition looked at all that, said, "thats nice", and **obliterated the shit out of it**.
The final map was completely overhauled for the royal edition.
Sure, the royal edition has a more balanced map w mob spawns that are actually within the rec level. Theres some good rewards for completing the new quests. Theres a cool base with npcs, some of them from the overworld. You can. Drive. A monster truck. Fuckin sick.
the royal edition Insomnia has this All Game All The Time approach to its design. Everythings red on fire. The music is super intense. The battles are fast-paced and exciting. So many npcs and quests and stealth missions. Lots of things to do and look at.
And that like. Kinda clashes in a really gaudy way, y'know? As a game map, its great. But it comes at the cost of losing this special moment.
Gone is the somber atmosphere. Gone is the beautiful rendition of the main theme. Gone is the quiet contemplation before oblivion.
After the credits, theres a cutscene of the characters in the last camp. Its a quiet moment where Noctis gets to express his appreciation for his companions on this journey. The day one Insomnia matches that tone, giving the player a chance to also appreciate one last adventure with the party through the quiet and dark. This is a game about vibes, and day one Insomnia was the Better Vibe
#### Music slaps
Full stop.
#### Why would I ever switch characters?
So the combat mechanics are already pretty upsetting as it is. It's possible to unlock an ability that allows the player to switch to any party member mid-battle. Is it fun? Not at all! :)
Every playable character has a unique mechanic AS WELL AS SEPERATE CONTROL SCHEMES. **WHY.** Switching characters means fumbling controls while muscle memory struggles to catch up to what's happening. This would be less of an issue if it was possible to commit to controlling anyone besides Noct outside of battle. But, nope. ¯\\_(Ï â¸ Ï)\_/¯
The biggest sin is the shooter mechanics like B R U H if a dev make fuckin shooter mechanics, all i ask is they fuckin COMMIT to making a shokter. Why do you have two guns with different control schemes?? Playing as Prompto breaks my brain.
#### Prompto's friendship with Noct is meaningless
The fact that Prompto is Noctis' friend because of divine intervention 100% undercuts any previous implication that Prompto was the only person who became Noctis' friend by choice. It basically means every single person in Noctis' life - his advisor, his body guard, his fiance - has been either assigned to him or arranged.
When you look at just the base game, Prompto is the only relationship Noctis *chooses* to pursue and *chooses* to keep. Noctis doesnt have to keep Prompto around but he does anyway. And Prompto chooses Noctis not because of his title and status, but because he genuinely likes Noctis as a person. Prompto also does this *despite* all of his personal hangups with anxiety and self-doubt. He pushes through all of that because he *wants to be Noct's friend*.
Now with new extra material, we know Prompto was basically predestined and *explicitly told* to become Noctis' friend. This cheapens any previous implication that these two want to be friends outside of any higher power or meaning. No longer is friendship valuable for its own sake.
And AND this also adds the the heaping implication that Noctis' *entire* life was completely outside of his control or will. His title as prince means all the mundane aspects are organized for him and his status as Chosen One means his life purpose is bound to this inescapable destiny.
We got this inplication that Prompto was *literally* the only person that Noctis got to pick for himself, and thats not even trUE IM SO MAD IM SO MAD IMSONAMDJIDSOBSNDLSDYLQLSHSJI (ãಠçಠ)ã彡â»ââ»
#### Episode Ignis: Fantastic Idea, Shite Ending
I hate the verse 2 ending of Episode Ignis so much. I hate it. Its bad. And, as are most things in ffxv, its made worse by being almost good. It was almost great!
Okay, so this dlc story does something very compelling near the end. During one of the cutscenes, a dialogue prompt appears but theres only one choice available. Playing through the rest of tbe dlc gives you the canon timeline, but going back to replay that scene gives you a second, previously inaccessible option. This launches into a non-canon timeline.
Now, the Ring of Lucii punishes anyone dumb enough to wear the ring who isnt of royal blood. Ignis, in a desperate bid to save Noct, wears it for like half an hour and is punished by getting his eyes burned out of his skull. Cool.
In the alt timeline, Ignis ends up wearing the ring for waaay longer during the next fight. I'll tell ya about the consequences in a sec.
The new timeline jumps straight to the ending of the game, except now it's Ignis fighting the final boss instead of Noct. This fight is on a timer, and at regular intervals, the game gives the player three choices. Give up, risk your life, or sacrifice your life. Then, after a few rounds of that, the game changes your choices to just give up or sacrifice your life. You wanted to play it safe? Too bad. It's raw as fuck. I love it.
Now, **MY** assumption to how this unfolds is that Ignis does manage to defeat Ardyn, but in doing so, the Lucii punish Ignis by either killing him outright or crippling him even more horrifically than canon. Seems like the way to go, yeah?
Nah. Fuck thematic throughlines and satisfying narratives. In this timeline everything turns out... fine. Ignis isnt even blind in this timeline. Hes fine. Noct is fine. Ardyn's dead. The ten years of darkness never happen. Insomnia is rebuilt and the guys are fine.
Ardyn's dialogue when he dies to Ignis in the alt timeline suggests he might still be alive, and that the prophecy isnt broken, just delayed. I think thats genuinely interesting. Ignis disobeyed the gods and breaking the prophecy, which means he mearly delays the inevitable rather than solving the problem. He kicks the can further down the road so that their decendants have to deal with it instead. But that doesnt seem to be what happens.
The characters make *worse* choices, are more *harshly* punished, and circumvent the prophecy of the *gods* and youre telling me things work out better???? Wheres the narrative satisfaction in that? I want characters punished for their hubris! Not this garbage! You were almost good! I- aaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhh 
#### Gladio is already perfect
This is a criticism both highlights the failings of the writing in the game and is a disservice to an otherwise excellent character.
Gladio's DLC episode is the weakest story out of the three party members. It doesn't really introduce anything new or interesting storywise. The highlight of the DLC is the Gilgamesh boss fight. Which. The focus is SUPPOSED to be on Galdio! The DLC titled "Episode: Gladiolus" and the main draw is a boss character?
So, the whole motive behind Gladio going on this soul-searching quest is because he got shoved aside once and got all broody about it. His whole job is to be a bodyguard to the prince, and he decides the best way to do that is to abandon his charge - who is in more danger than he has ever been in his life - and pursue an optional side quest that basically only one other person has ever survived. fuckn **SURE**.
Gladio doesn't really learn anything because of the trial. He wants to get stronger, and that's what happens. He's not challenged or examined as a character. He's not chastised for acting reckless or punished for his arrogance. He's got a fat ego and the story rewarded him for it.
This extends to the base game too. Chapter 10 is the closest the narrative comes to portraying Gladio as fallible. Except the narrative frames Gladio as being fundementally righteous, if a little brash. Even if you think Gladio is an asshole here (AND I CERTAINLY DID) the narrative assumes we side with him.
Gladio is static. He doesn't change or grow. He's already perfect which makes him uncompelling and boring. What a waste of potential for such a great character. 
#### "Are we the baddies?"
So, ffxv has what I consider the most evilest ring (or, any magic artifact, really) of all time.
The visual motif of the main characters are all black, with skull, crossbones, and Louboutins ~.\*ï½¥â§for menTMâ§ï½¥\*.~ for their literal uniforms. This is p standard edgy ff nonsense. But the ring of Lucii can only be worn by the One True King. The King of Kings. (Weirdly heavy on the jesus metaphor, this game.) And when you do eventually get the ring, it has three spells. The first spell steals HP and absorbs it. The second steals MP. The third sets off a magic bomb and explodes everyone. Apparently putting on the ring is also super painful and anyone who isnt the chosen king who wears it, well...
Two characters other than Noctis try to wear the ring. The first dude had his whole arm burn off. The second dude has his eyes burned out of his skull. By the way, the OTHER name for this ring is Ring of Radiant Light : )))) Its also all black!
And like... dude??? This is the evilest thing ive ever seen??????? THIS is the macguffin thats supposed to save the world? Literally, the world is covered in darkness w no sun for 10 yrs and the protag has to wear the ring to banish the darkness and fuggin dies in the process like????????
First if all, hello anime Jesus that looks like Keanu Reeves. Secondly, the???? EVIL RING??? And its supposed to be the ring thats associated w the ultimate good? Legit i was halfway thru the final dungeon like "...are we the baddies?"
But ff is not that sophisticated a narrative. So. No, we're not the baddies
#### Ardyn sucks
This dude- THIS DUDE is such a shite villain. Who is ALSO made worse by extra material.
One of the early interpretations of Ardyn's actions - and certainly my takeaway of the character - is that he is attempting to commit suicide at the end of the game. He's a death seeker. He's conditionally immortal and the only thing that can kill him is a fully powered King of Lucii.
Most of the content in the dlc also suggests this to be true kinda. Which i have not played and no real desire to.
Ardyn, apparently, had s healing power to cure people of starscourge. Except its not a cure, because he just absorbed it into himself, which is how he became immortal. He was *supposed* to ascend the throne of Lucii but then his younger brother usurped him, killed his lover and then banished him to a solitary confinement cell for two thousand years.
I dunno man, i can totally see someone just wanting it to end after all that.
Except thats not Ardyn's motivation. He wants revenge? On the Lucius bloodline and the gods who set this whole thing in motion. That second one is super fair actually. The only reason he helped Noct is because he wanted the satisfaction of killing a fully powered King of Lucii. *siiigh*
#### Bahamut is a dick
The whole reason Ardyn got fucked w such a raw deal is because Bahamut needed a vessel to contain the starscourge so it was all in one place for the Chosen One to erase. Except theres starscourge everywhere?
Like, Ardyn only seems to contain a fraction of it, because starscourge is used to make monsters or whatever. If Ardyn contained all of it, then there would be no monsters because nothing else can be infected with starscourge.
And then, the only reason Noct has to die is because the prophecy - the one Bahamut **MADE UP** - said so. The prophecy says something like "a life must be forfeit" except. That's Ardyn! Thats Ardyn whose life is forfeit! These two died to clear out the starscourge and it happened in the way that caused the most death and destruction.
Like, why the ten years of darkness? Can starscourge just *do* that? If so, why wasnt there eternal darkness in any other point in time? Did Ardyn unleash it? Why? I'm just not convinced it was necessary. Especially since you don't really get to experience it much as a player.
I feel like none of this needed to be this way (which is kinda confirmed in Ep. Ignis) so why did Bahamut - god of gods - do it this way?? Like, hes supposed to like humans, and youre telling me he pick the method that most certainly killed the **most** amount of humans. Im flabbergasted.
#### I bet this game is very popular with women
This is sort of one of those things where I have no idea how to descibe what something must be like to become more appealing to women, I just know it when I see it. I sort of had this impression women liked this game before starting ffxv, but i had no idea the extent of it.
And if the AO3 stats are anything to go by, it's *very* popular with women. As of my writing this, ffvii has 14k listed works (the remake has 5k) compared to ffxv which has a whooping 34k listed works. Thats an astonishing amount.
I hope its not news to anyone reading this that fanfic spaces are largely female dominated, and tend to be a soft indicator for whats popular among girls and women. I suspect ffxv owes a lot of its success to women who are new to the series, rather than long-time fans of the series.
I was basically halfway through chapter 10 (or about halfway through the late game) when it dawned on me *oh*, this game is *super* popular with women. And like, i kinda get it?
Even just look at how the main party is designed and characterized. Youve got four georgeous dudes that are tailor made to appeal to the broadest possible female audience. These four guys cover a lot of the traits women find appealing in men, utilizing a diversity of appearances and archetypes that women and girls tend to be into. Even if a girl doesn't like all of them shes probably gonna end up really liking at least one of them. And for sure this applies to any player to some extent but thats beside my point. bear with me here.
I dont think its a huge stretch to guess that women were involved in designing these guys. (From what i understand, Square has had women involved in their character design from day one.) my point being, this game has female gaze. Like a lot of female gaze. i dont think ffxv would have been nearly as popular with women if the main party had been designed by men. What women find attractive and what men *think* women find attractive are more often seperate than overlapping. If men designed the main party, we would have gotten Cloud 2.0 flanked by three variations of Gladio. Fr
#### People like Final Fantasy now??
So, i know i just made a point about this game being popular with women. But like, that doesnt account for the disproportionate popularity of ff now as compared to ffxiii. Like, for the longest time, ffvii was the crown jewel of the series. Nobody liked anything Square put out after ffvii. Nobody gave a shit about ff outside of ffvii. People are just now finally coming back around to the series and now the series sucks!! Ff games have sucked since like 2001 imo and ***now*** final fantasy is cool again??
People are sleeping on ffviii and that one is such a banger. Ffviii slaps. Even with the port to switch and ps4, no one is paying ANY attention to it. That game doesnt have any spinoffs or sequels or any new content but ffxv gets a movie and an anime.
Y'know, i used to think people who liked Twilight Princess the best were missing out on better Zelda titles, but at least in that series, how popular i think those games *should* be is like proportioal to how popular they *actually* are, y'know?
Whereas the better ff games seem to be forgotten to history while the popular ff titles arent necessarily the best ones or even good in the first place.
#### **We've got three amazing characters trapped in a shite game**
So. Here's my problem. I genuinely Love this game. Even tho its mediocre as far as open world AAA title, and bad as far as action games go. I still really like ffxv because theres one thing this game does good.
I think ffxv has some of The Best companion character mechanics of any adventure game i have ever played. And there are three of them. Gladiolus, Prompto, and Ignis are **The** Heart and Soul of ffxv.
Even though ffxv suffers from all the usual trappings of repeated context dialogue, AI jank, and model/rigging mishaps, none of those detract from the effort and focus put into just these three characters.
The voice work is divine. The dialogue is delightful. The mocap and animation is expressive. All three characters display a broad range of depth and emotion as the plot develops. Most of the game is just "vibing with your three best frens :)" and i genuinely fully bought into this premise. Gladiolus, Prompto and Ignis *are* my three best friends. 
The impact of the entire back half of the plot hinges on the player being totally invested in these three characters. It explains a good chunk of the insane game design. It would certainly explain why the game is open world for the first half and linear for the latter half. The devs needed players become attached to their companion characters. That way, the story has a better impact when the stakes are raised. The problem is the best way to get players to like companions is in an openworld adventure, and the only sensible way to tell a high stakes story is a strickly linear game.
So in the first half, players spend a lot of time just... ***vibing***. And then suddenly the plot kicks in and youre basically stuck on it until the game decides its done telling you the story. And it... almost kinda really works? Like, its weirdly effective. But this can only work if, and i mean IF the player develops a fondness for these three characters. And to me, that just seems like such a risky gambit for the basis of an entire game and plot.
So like, judging ffxv as a game that is a collection of mechanics, this game royally sucks.
But when i am about the face down the final boss, and the game asks the player to pick one picture to take as a memento, i spent a good fifteen minutes or so just looking through the one hundred and thirty odd pictures i had saved. These were pictures of all the times ive shared with the three best video game companions ive ever had. I realized at some point i had never taken the roleplay of a protagonist who cared about his friends as seriously as I have in ffxv.
A common video game story telling device is to take a basic function away from the player. The game does this eary on with the car. Like any other game that does this, it was mildly annoying at best and frustrating at worst. But ffxv does this again. In the final dungeon. assuming you chose not to skip it you have to go through the entire dungeon alone. No companions. This, to me, made ffxv final dungeon the most compelling end game experience so far.
Afterwards, the game sends you back in time to openworld roadtrip simulator half of the game. Ive never been more happy to indulge in a postgame experience. I was genuinely stoked to keep playing more ffxv, so i can continue vibing with my three buddies. 
I was so enamoured with these guys I even did the New Game+. I've replayed nearly all the sidequests, bought some DLC, and beat the game again. I would absolutely replay this game down the road just to experience these vibes. The things that suck abt this game will probably be smoothed over in my memory as charming quirks of the title.
I love this game. It sucks. It's got immaculate vibes. I look forward to replaying this ten yrs from now when I've forgotten most of the game.
By The box/cover art can or could be obtained from [Square Enix](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix "Square Enix")., [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF_XV_cover_art.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy XV"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50669080)
Final Fantasy Type-0 (2011)
### PlayStation 4 (2015)
Type-0 has a bunch of characters i really like stuck in a game that sucks. The characters also suck. I dunno what that says about me lol
So, the characters are not bad in a "these people are irritating" way, but in a "these characters are so flat theyre one dimensional" sort of way. And i recognize that i probably likes these characters a lot more bc i experienced this game on the heels of ffxiii. I think i found it refreshing to meet a cast of characters so void of personality or motive they came off as inoffensive. The game had 14 playable characters, only 3 of them have any significance. Everyone else gets [one] standardized anime sterotype and thats it. Each character's whole personality is just sounding off on their one trait. Now that i think about it, even the 3 important playable characteds are not much better.
The reason i think this formula works for me is bc you (the player) are free to interpret and project whatever you want onto each character. Theres almost nothing to work with, which also means your basically free to glean whatever you want from them. I like the *idea* of a character.
That being said, as much as i enjoyed how inoffensive the characters were, there's a lot of lost potential. The whole theme of the game is to highlight the horrors of war, made worse that our cast is made up of child soldiers. There's also the classic RPG found family thing, but it feels a little unearned as the character dynamics feel a touch underdeveloped.
The gameplay suffers from the same problems as Crisis Core, only spread across 14 characters, making the game feel a little more clumsy. I think the game really expects the player to take advantage of the idle levelling system in order to avoid grinding. The levelling is capped after 24 hrs, so bes practice is to check in once a day. This would have been much easier to accomplish on the PSP version. But whatever. You don't really need it to beat the game.
But its absolutely *necessary* if you want to try and get the true ending. I wouldn't know what that's like. I gave up on the secret ending halfway through my second playthrough.
There is one bit of the plot I'm really hooked on.
As both a romance lover and a tragedy enjoyer, i think theres something good here. Youve got Rem who is dying of fantasy cancer, given the chance at eternal life in exchange for subservience. And youve got her childhood friend, Machina, who thinks everything he cares about is either gone, dead, or dying. He does not trust the people or institutions that are supposed to be on his side. So naturally, he defects to the enemy bc what better way to get himself killed? By the time Machina realizes Rem has ascdended to demigod status, he's been out of the loop for too long and in way too deep. The cumulation of these two arcs is that Rem unwittingly kills Machina, thinking he's an enemy (and she's not entirely wrong). But because this is final fantasy, they dont quite die. Instead, theyre immortalized in crystal, locked in an eternal embrace, with no fear of losing each other ever again. Love shit like this. This shit resonates with me and i dont know why. I've been thinking about this plot for months 
May be found at the following website: [Xbox](http://images-eds.xboxlive.com/image?url=8Oaj9Ryq1G1_p3lLnXlsaZgGzAie6Mnu24_PawYuDYIoH77pJ.X5Z.MqQPibUVTc8UjSXYabF1cnb.ro4s3cYiyyl0A58enXPwdjiEpJAfV289o4fXsFBEU2XXpUnhdj2.Tf0FvWP08c6HGijKpJw0Z2w91OQM5jSnlG5HC_rakV51O88qk_z9SVcTflW_qwim5NuCRJ_F7vSGuAFPNgsR81M19spSF_caNzodhmqbc-&format=png), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FF_Type-0_HD_box_art.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Final Fantasy Type-0 HD"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44768688)
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy (2012)
### Nintendo 3DS
Cute rhythm game!  Touch-only controls aren't anything unusual for rhythm games by this point. Directional inputs are fairly forgiving. Some notes are slightly off-beat on the tracks, and players are expected to replicate that. Occurs rarely and isnt a huge problem otherwise.
Short game. I got the credits to roll in under 6 hrs. Also easy. I suspect this was a practical decision as any increased difficulty would risk the player punching a hole through their screen with the stylus lmao
The only major spoiler i could detect is related to ffvii. And even then, its obfuscated by removing all context. All other potential spoilers for other games are related to romance. Everything else is nonsensical if youre not already familiar with the source material.
By [Amazon.co.uk](http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/81l6wc-Z4vL._AA1500_.jpg), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theatrhythm.png "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32412842)
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call (2014)
### Nintendo 3DS
This is VASTLY superior to theatrhythm. Dont bother buying the original if youre considering this series. This version has everything the original has, as well as like, 4x the content.
Edit: I originally wrote this before I knew a sequel for the switch was coming out. I still stand by this sentiment. Playing this on the 3ds is just fun. I might get Final Bar further down the line, but for right now, this is my go-to rhythm game.
By [[1]](http://operationrainfall.com/2014/06/12/theatrhythm-ff-curtain-call-e32014-prev/), [Fair use](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy_Curtain_Call_US_cover.jpg "Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call"), [Link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43066755)
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<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://gametarget.net" target="_blank">GameTarget</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://consolecopyworld.com" target="_blank">Console CopyWorld</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://covertarget.com" target="_blank">Cover Target</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://cdmediaworld.com" target="_blank">CD Media World</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://lnkworld.com" target="_blank">LinkWorld</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="https://musictarget.com" target="_blank">Music Target</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="btn" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="redirect/cd_utils.htm" target="_blank">CD/DVD Utilities</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="" height="12" alt="-"><br>
<a href="https://lnkworld.com" target="_blank"><img src="images/linkworld.gif" border="0" height="31" alt="LinkWorld"></a><br>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="12" alt="-"><br>
</td>
<td width="3"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="3" alt="-"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="100%"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" alt="-"><br>
<table class="t4" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">
<tr>
<td>
<table class="t6">
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" class="td3">L A T E S T G A M E S</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="t3">
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">
<img class="i1" src="h1.gif" border="0" height="5" alt="-">
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td><a href="pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.shtml"><img src="images/pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.jpg" border="0" width="215" height="100" alt=""></a><img src="h1.gif" width="8" alt=""><a href="pc_air_twister.shtml"><img src="images/pc_air_twister.jpg" border="0" width="215" height="100" alt=""></a><img src="h1.gif" width="8" alt=""><a href="pc_cities_skylines_2.shtml"><img src="images/pc_cities_skylines_2.jpg" border="0" width="215" height="100" alt=""></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<img class="i1" src="h1.gif" border="0" height="5" alt="-">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="t3" cellspacing="4">
<tr>
<td class="t1p" align="center"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2">For a Complete overview of ALL available Games check the [ <a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a> ]</font></b></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="1" width="684" alt="-"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2" width="180">
<img src="h1.gif" border="" height="1" width="180" alt="-"><br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="3"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="3" alt="-"></td>
<td align="center">
<table class="t6" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td>SEARCH GCW</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="t3">
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="i1" src="h1.gif" height="2" alt="-">
<form action="//gamecopyworld.eu/games/search_results.shtml" id="cse-search-box">
<div>
<input type="text" name="q" id="search" size="18" value="">
</div>
<img class="i1" src="h1.gif" height="4" alt="-">
<input type="submit" name="sa" value=" Google Search " style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold">
</form>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="t3">
<tr>
<td align="center"><form action="//search.gamecopyworld.com/go.php?quant=20" method="post" target="_blank">
<div>
<input type="text" name="search" id="search" value="">
</div>
<img class="i1" src="h1.gif" height="4" alt="-">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value=" Local Search " style="font-family: tahoma; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold">
</form>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<table class="t6" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td>PC</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="t3">
<tr>
<td align="center">
<font face="Arial" size="3"><b>
<a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a>
</b></font>
<br>
<font face="Tahoma" size="1"><b><a href="gcw_index.shtml">[A-E]</a> - <a href="gcw_index_2.shtml">[F-M]</a> - <a href="gcw_index_3.shtml">[N-S]</a> - <a href="gcw_index_4.shtml">[T-Z]</a>
</b></font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="2">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="center">
<iframe src="https://s2.gamecopyworld.com/!_sk.php?sz=sk&sn=gcw&bg=gcw&ns=0&nf=" id="sk" name="sk" width="120" height="600" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0"></iframe><img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="8" alt="-"><br>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="8" alt="-"><br>
</td>
<td width="3"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="3" alt="-"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="8" width="123" alt="-"><br>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<table class="t5" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>--- N E W S --- N E W S --- N E W S ---</td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="683" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#808080">
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" rowspan="18" width="1"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="1" alt="-"></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" colspan="2" align="left"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Week 51: 18 - 24 December 2023</font></b></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Season's Greetings!</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="center"><img src="images/happyholidays.png" border="0" alt="-"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game Patches & Fixes</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cygnus_enterprises.shtml">Cygnus Enterprises</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_eresys.shtml">Eresys</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_hot_wheels_unleashed_2.shtml">HOT WHEELS UNLEASHED 2: Turbocharged - AcceleRacers</a></b> v20231221 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_jusant.shtml">Jusant</a></b> v1.04.1444084 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_offroad_truck_simulator_heavy_duty_challenge.shtml">Offroad Truck Simulator: Heavy Duty Challenge</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M17</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_paranoid.shtml">PARANOID</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M12</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_steamworld_build.shtml">SteamWorld Build</a></b> v1.0.3.0 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_trinity_fusion.shtml">Trinity Fusion</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks DDS & ExitOne for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Older Game Patches & Fixes</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_anarchy_wolfs_law.shtml">Anarchy: Wolf's law</a></b> v0.9.76 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_dying_light_2.shtml">Dying Light 2: Stay Human</a></b> v1.14.0 [<b>M17</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_galactic_civilizations_4.shtml">Galactic Civilizations IV: Supernova</a></b> v2.2 [<b>EN</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_hotel_renovator.shtml">Hotel Renovator</a></b> v20231219 [<b>M15</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_mx_vs_atv_legends.shtml">MX vs ATV: Legends - Compound Pack</a></b> v2.10 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_quake_2.shtml">Quake II: Enhanced</a></b> v1.0.5984.0 [<b>EN</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_tails_of_iron.shtml">Tails of Iron: Bright Fir Forest</a></b> v1.22 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_ultimate_fishing_simulator.shtml">Ultimate Fishing Simulator: Florida</a></b> v2.3.23.12 [<b>M12</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_wartales.shtml">Wartales: Pirates of Belerion</a></b> v1.0.31702 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks DDS & ExitOne for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_assassins_creed_mirage.shtml">Assassin's Creed: Mirage v1.0.6 +19 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cygnus_enterprises.shtml">Cygnus Enterprises v1.0 +5 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_eresys.shtml">Eresys v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_metania.shtml">Metania v1.0 +4 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_stay_still_2.shtml">Stay Still 2 v1.0 +2 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_last_soldier_of_the_ming_dynasty.shtml">The Last Soldier of the Ming Dynasty v1.0.4 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_trinity_fusion.shtml">Trinity Fusion v1.0 +5 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Older Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_american_truck_simulator.shtml">American Truck Simulator v1.49.2.18 +7 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_anno_1800.shtml">Anno 1800 v18.1.1281863 +9 TRAINER</a> </b><img src="images/update.gif" height="12" alt="Updated"></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_blasphemous_2.shtml">Blasphemous 2 v1.1.0 +10 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_dead_space_2023.shtml">Dead Space [2023] v1.1 +7 TRAINER</a> </b><img src="images/update.gif" height="12" alt="Updated"></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_euro_truck_simulator_2.shtml">Euro Truck Simulator 2 v1.49.2.15 +7 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_grand_theft_auto_5.shtml">Grand Theft Auto V v1.0.3095.0 +12 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_rambo_the_video_game.shtml">Rambo: The Video Game v1.0.2.0 +5 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_rat_hunter.shtml">Rat Hunter v1.0 +4 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_wartales.shtml">Wartales v20231218 +16 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks GameHunter & Abolfazl.k for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game T</b></font><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">ools</font></b></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_aew_fight_forever.shtml">AEW Fight Forever: Beat the Elite DLC UNLOCKER</a></b></font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<a target=_blank href=is.php><img src=/ddd/ii/tc/tc_502x155_12.jpg border=0></a><br><img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#808080">
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" rowspan="13" width="1"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="1" alt="-"></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" colspan="2" align="left"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Week 50: 11 - 17 December 2023</font></b></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="left"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Game Patches & Fixes</font></b></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_alan_wake_2.shtml">Alan Wake 2</a></b> v1.0.13 [<b>M14</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cookie_cutter.shtml">Cookie Cutter</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M10</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_dusk.shtml">DUSK HD</a></b> v20231211 [<b>M16</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_house_flipper_2.shtml">House Flipper 2</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M18</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_hunterx_code_name_t.shtml">HunterX: code name T</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_kingpin_reloaded.shtml">Kingpin: Reloaded</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M10</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_koumajou_remilia_2_strangers_requiem.shtml">Koumajou Remilia II: Stranger's Requiem</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_ready_or_not.shtml">Ready or Not</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_river_tails_stronger_together.shtml">River Tails: Stronger Together</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M10</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_summum_aeterna.shtml">Summum Aeterna</a></b> v1.1.001 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_tales_of_arise.shtml">Tales of Arise: Beyond the Dawn</a></b> v20231212 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks ExitOne & DDS for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="left"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Older Game Patches & Fixes</font></b></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_call_of_the_wild_the_angler.shtml">Call of the Wild: The Angler - Spain Reserve</a></b> v1.5.1 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_crisis_core_final_fantasy_7_reunion.shtml">CRISIS CORE -FINAL FANTASY VII- REUNION</a></b> v1.03 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_darkest_dungeon_2.shtml">Darkest Dungeon II: The Binding Blade</a></b> v1.03.57744 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_generation_zero.shtml">Generation Zero: Guerrilla Research</a></b> v2654229 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_high_on_life.shtml">High On Life</a></b> v20231101 [<b>M5</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_park_beyond.shtml">Park Beyond: Beyond eXtreme - Theme World</a></b> v2.3.0.158242 [<b>M14</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_police_simulator_patrol_officers.shtml">Police Simulator: Patrol Officers</a></b> v12.2.2 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_game_of_life_2.shtml">THE GAME OF LIFE 2: Superhero World</a></b> v20231214 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_thehunter_call_of_the_wild.shtml">theHunter: Call of the Wild</a></b> v2649775 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_troubleshooter.shtml">TROUBLESHOOTER: Abandoned Children</a></b> v20231208 [<b>M4</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.shtml">Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty - Upheaval in Jingxiang</a></b> v1.300 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks ExitOne & DDS for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
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<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_avatar_frontiers_of_pandora.shtml">Avatar: Frontiers Of Pandora v1.0 +10 TRAINER</a> </b></font><img src="images/hot.gif" border="0" alt="-"></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_blade_of_the_netherworld.shtml">Blade of the Netherworld - Early Access v20231209 +5 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cookie_cutter.shtml">Cookie Cutter v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_hunterx_code_name_t.shtml">HunterX: code name T v1.0.1 +5 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_koumajou_remilia_2_strangers_requiem.shtml">Koumajou Remilia II: Stranger's Requiem v1.0 +7 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_raincouver.shtml">Raincouver v1.0 +9 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_starfield.shtml">Starfield v1.8.88.0 +24 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Older Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#326496" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
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<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_call_of_duty.shtml">Call of Duty v1.3 +6 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_call_of_duty.shtml">CoD: United Offence v1.41 +6 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_darksiders_3.shtml">Darksiders III v215.465_PK1_PK2 +9 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_dying_light.shtml">Dying Light v1.49 +27 TRAINER</a> </b><img src="images/update.gif" height="12" alt="Updated"></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_grim_dawn.shtml">Grim Dawn v1.2.0.3 +22 TRAINER</a> </b><img src="images/update.gif" height="12" alt="Updated"></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.shtml">Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty v1.300 +34 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
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</td>
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<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="h1.gif" border="0" height="2" alt="-"><br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#808080">
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" rowspan="13" width="1"><img src="h1.gif" border="0" width="1" alt="-"></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" colspan="2" align="left"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Week 49: 4 - 10 December 2023</font></b></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game Patches & Fixes</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
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<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_against_the_storm.shtml">Against the Storm</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M17</b>] </font><img src="images/hot.gif" border="0" alt="-"></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_born_of_bread.shtml">Born of Bread</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cities_skylines_2.shtml">Cities: Skylines II</a></b> v1.0.15f1 [<b>M12</b>] </font><img src="images/hot.gif" border="0" alt="-"></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_destroyer_the_u-boat_hunter.shtml">Destroyer: The U-Boat Hunter</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M14</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_evil_nun_the_broken_mask.shtml">Disgaea 7: Vows of the Virtueless</a></b> v1.10 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_disney_dreamlight_valley.shtml">Disney Dreamlight Valley</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M7</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_evil_nun_the_broken_mask.shtml">Evil Nun: The Broken Mask</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M12</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_graveyard_shift_2023.shtml">Graveyard Shift</a></b> v1.0 [<b>EN</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_heros_adventure.shtml">Hero's Adventure: Road to Passion</a></b> v1.0.1201b54 [<b>M3</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_mutation_madness.shtml">Mutation Madness</a></b> v2.0.4 [<b>EN</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_ship_graveyard_simulator_2.shtml">Ship Graveyard Simulator 2: Warships</a></b> v6006 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_star_trek_infinite.shtml">Star Trek: Infinite</a></b> v1.0.7 [<b>M10</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_last_soldier_of_the_ming_dynasty.shtml">The Last Soldier of the Ming Dynasty</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_warhammer_40000_rogue_trader.shtml">Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</a></b> v1.0 [<b>M7</b>]</font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Older Game Patches & Fixes</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
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<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_airship_kingdoms_adrift.shtml">Airship: Kingdoms Adrift</a></b> v1.3.0.9d [<b>M3</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_icarus.shtml">ICARUS</a></b> v2.1.7.118077 [<b>M10</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_jojos_bizarre_adventure_all-star_battle_r.shtml">JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle R - Wonder of U</a></b> v2.3.0 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_medieval_dynasty.shtml">Medieval Dynasty</a></b> v2.0.0.0 - v2.0.0.1a [<b>M18</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_mechwarrior_5_mercenaries.shtml">MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries - The Dragon's Gambit</a></b> v1.1.351 [<b>M4</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_metal_hellsinger.shtml">Metal: Hellsinger - Purgatory</a></b> v1.8.0 [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_northgard.shtml">Northgard: Vordr Clan of the Owl</a></b> v3.3.3.35683 [<b>M9</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_sands_of_salzaar.shtml">Sands of Salzaar: Land of the Eclipse</a></b> v1.0.42 [<b>M2</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_shadow_gambit_the_cursed_crew.shtml">Shadow Gambit: The Cursed Crew - Complete Edition</a></b> v1.2.122 [<b>M13</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_sir_whoopass_immortal_death.shtml">Sir Whoopass: Immortal Death</a></b> v2.2.3 [<b>EN</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_long_dark.shtml">The Long Dark: Tales from the Far Territory Part 4</a></b> v2.25 [<b>M18</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_sims_4.shtml">The Sims 4: For Rent</a></b> v1.103.250.1020 [<b>M18</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_trail_out.shtml">TRAIL OUT: Zhenka's Legacy</a></b> v2.9st [<b>M11</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_valor_and_victory.shtml">Valor & Victory: Pacific</a></b> v1.08.05 [<b>M6</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_warm_snow.shtml">Warm Snow: The End of Karma</a></b> v20231205 [<b>M4</b>]</font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_world_war_z.shtml">World War Z: Aftermath - Valley of the Zeke Episode</a></b> v20231205 - v20231208 [<b>M10</b>]</li>
</ul>
</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_alan_wake_2.shtml">Alan Wake 2 v1.0.12 +10 TRAINER</a> </b></font><img src="images/hot.gif" border="0" alt="-"></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_apocalypse_party.shtml">Apocalypse Party v1.0 +5 TRAINER & SAVEGAME</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_avatar_frontiers_of_pandora.shtml">Avatar: Frontiers Of Pandora v1.0 +10 TRAINER</a> </b></font><img src="images/hot.gif" border="0" alt="-"></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_blood_west.shtml">Blood West v3.0.2 +8 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_favela_zombie_shooter.shtml">Favela Zombie Shooter v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_gangs_of_sherwood.shtml">Gangs of Sherwood v1.5.253310 - v1.5.255679 +7 & +16 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_girl_gunner.shtml">Girl Gunner v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_graveyard_shift_2023.shtml">Graveyard Shift SAVEGAME</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_kingpin_reloaded.shtml">Kingpin: Reloaded v1.0 +7 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_like_a_dragon_gaiden_the_man_who_erased_his_name.shtml">Like a Dragon Gaiden: The Man Who Erased His Name v1.12 +38 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_mutation_madness.shtml">Mutation Madness v2.0.4 +4 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_naruto_x_boruto_ultimate_ninja_storm_connections.shtml">NARUTO X BORUTO: Ultimate Ninja - STORM CONNECTIONS v1.01 +17 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_stalker_2_heart_of_chornobyl.shtml">S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chornobyl v20231205 - v20231210 +10 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_tevi.shtml">TEVI v1.01 +15 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_the_muller-powerll_principle.shtml">THE MULLER-POWELL PRINCIPLE v1.1.2.0 +4 TRAINER & SAVEGAME</a> </b><img src="images/update.gif" height="12" alt="Updated"></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_ungate.shtml">Ungate v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_vongarland_castle_sacrilege_of_the_night.shtml">VonGarland Castle: Sacrilege of the Night v1.0 +3 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_warhammer_40000_rogue_trader.shtml">Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader v1.0 +12 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_wizordum.shtml">Wizordum - Early Access v0.2.0.1 +4 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Older Game Trainers & Cheats</b></font></td>
<td class="t00" bgcolor="#646464" align="right"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><a href="gcw_index.shtml">Game Index</a></font></b></td>
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<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left">
<ul>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_craftopia.shtml">Craftopia - Early Access v20231204 +21 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_cyberpunk_2077.shtml">Cyberpunk 2077 v2.1 +17 & +42 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_daemon_x_machina.shtml">DAEMON X MACHINA v1.0.6 +13 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_f1_manager_2023.shtml">F1 Manager 2023 v1.10 +16 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_grim_dawn.shtml">Grim Dawn v1.2.0.3 +22 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_half-life_2.shtml">Half-Life 2 b12694556 +8 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_hearts_of_iron_4.shtml">Hearts of Iron IV v1.13.5 +12 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_metal_gear_rising_revengeance.shtml">Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance v20231207 +8 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_pixel_strike_3d.shtml">Pixel Strike 3D v20231201 - v20231210 +7 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
<li><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><a href="pc_warm_snow.shtml">Warm Snow v20231205 +15 TRAINER</a></b></font></li>
</ul>
</td>
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<td class="t00" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files.</font></td>
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</table>
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<a target="_blank" href="redirect/pbw.htm">Console GamingWorld</a>
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<font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>
<a target="_blank" href="redirect/cd_protections.htm">StarForce</a><br>
<a target="_blank" href="redirect/cd_protections.htm">SafeDisc</a><br>
<a target="_blank" href="redirect/cd_protections.htm">SecuROM</a><br>
<a target="_blank" href="redirect/cd_protections.htm">Tages</a><br>
<a target="_blank" href="redirect/cd_protections.htm">LaserLock</a>
</b></font>
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<td align="center"><font face="Tahoma" size="1"><a href="gcw_game_tools.shtml">Game Tools<br>
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<td align="center"><font face="Tahoma" size="1"><a href="redirect/cd_utils.htm" target="_blank">CD/DVD Tools<br>
</a><a href="redirect/files.htm" target="_blank">WinPack/IComp/I5Comp</a> </font></td>
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tl('popping',{
path:'/i/tc/pm/',
outlink:'https://lkstrck2.com/?s=7055&g=%C%',
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playtype:'random',
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| **For a Complete overview of ALL available Games check the [ [Game Index](gcw_index.shtml) ]** |
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**[[A-E]](gcw_index.shtml) - [[F-M]](gcw_index_2.shtml) - [[N-S]](gcw_index_3.shtml) - [[T-Z]](gcw_index_4.shtml)** |
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| --- N E W S --- N E W S --- N E W S --- |
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| - | **Week 51: 18 - 24 December 2023** |
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| **Season's Greetings!** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
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| - |
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| **Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Cygnus Enterprises](pc_cygnus_enterprises.shtml)** v1.0 [**M11**]
* **[Eresys](pc_eresys.shtml)** v1.0 [**M11**]
* **[HOT WHEELS UNLEASHED 2: Turbocharged - AcceleRacers](pc_hot_wheels_unleashed_2.shtml)** v20231221 [**M13**]
* **[Jusant](pc_jusant.shtml)** v1.04.1444084 [**M11**]
* **[Offroad Truck Simulator: Heavy Duty Challenge](pc_offroad_truck_simulator_heavy_duty_challenge.shtml)** v1.0 [**M17**]
* **[PARANOID](pc_paranoid.shtml)** v1.0 [**M12**]
* **[SteamWorld Build](pc_steamworld_build.shtml)** v1.0.3.0 [**M13**]
* **[Trinity Fusion](pc_trinity_fusion.shtml)** v1.0 [**M9**]
|
| Thanks DDS & ExitOne for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Anarchy: Wolf's law](pc_anarchy_wolfs_law.shtml)** v0.9.76 [**M11**]
* **[Dying Light 2: Stay Human](pc_dying_light_2.shtml)** v1.14.0 [**M17**]
* **[Galactic Civilizations IV: Supernova](pc_galactic_civilizations_4.shtml)** v2.2 [**EN**]
* **[Hotel Renovator](pc_hotel_renovator.shtml)** v20231219 [**M15**]
* **[MX vs ATV: Legends - Compound Pack](pc_mx_vs_atv_legends.shtml)** v2.10 [**M11**]
* **[Quake II: Enhanced](pc_quake_2.shtml)** v1.0.5984.0 [**EN**]
* **[Tails of Iron: Bright Fir Forest](pc_tails_of_iron.shtml)** v1.22 [**M11**]
* **[Ultimate Fishing Simulator: Florida](pc_ultimate_fishing_simulator.shtml)** v2.3.23.12 [**M12**]
* **[Wartales: Pirates of Belerion](pc_wartales.shtml)** v1.0.31702 [**M9**]
|
| Thanks DDS & ExitOne for sending the Files. |
| **Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Assassin's Creed: Mirage v1.0.6 +19 TRAINER](pc_assassins_creed_mirage.shtml)**
* **[Cygnus Enterprises v1.0 +5 TRAINER](pc_cygnus_enterprises.shtml)**
* **[Eresys v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_eresys.shtml)**
* **[Metania v1.0 +4 TRAINER](pc_metania.shtml)**
* **[Stay Still 2 v1.0 +2 TRAINER](pc_stay_still_2.shtml)**
* **[The Last Soldier of the Ming Dynasty v1.0.4 +3 TRAINER](pc_the_last_soldier_of_the_ming_dynasty.shtml)**
* **[Trinity Fusion v1.0 +5 TRAINER](pc_trinity_fusion.shtml)**
|
| Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[American Truck Simulator v1.49.2.18 +7 TRAINER](pc_american_truck_simulator.shtml)**
* **[Anno 1800 v18.1.1281863 +9 TRAINER](pc_anno_1800.shtml)** Updated
* **[Blasphemous 2 v1.1.0 +10 TRAINER](pc_blasphemous_2.shtml)**
* **[Dead Space [2023] v1.1 +7 TRAINER](pc_dead_space_2023.shtml)** Updated
* **[Euro Truck Simulator 2 v1.49.2.15 +7 TRAINER](pc_euro_truck_simulator_2.shtml)**
* **[Grand Theft Auto V v1.0.3095.0 +12 TRAINER](pc_grand_theft_auto_5.shtml)**
* **[Rambo: The Video Game v1.0.2.0 +5 TRAINER](pc_rambo_the_video_game.shtml)**
* **[Rat Hunter v1.0 +4 TRAINER](pc_rat_hunter.shtml)**
* **[Wartales v20231218 +16 TRAINER](pc_wartales.shtml)**
|
| Thanks GameHunter & Abolfazl.k for sending the Files. |
| **Game T****ools** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[AEW Fight Forever: Beat the Elite DLC UNLOCKER](pc_aew_fight_forever.shtml)**
|
| Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files. |
[](is.php)
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| --- | --- |
| - | **Week 50: 11 - 17 December 2023** |
| **Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Alan Wake 2](pc_alan_wake_2.shtml)** v1.0.13 [**M14**]
* **[Cookie Cutter](pc_cookie_cutter.shtml)** v1.0 [**M10**]
* **[DUSK HD](pc_dusk.shtml)** v20231211 [**M16**]
* **[House Flipper 2](pc_house_flipper_2.shtml)** v1.0 [**M18**]
* **[HunterX: code name T](pc_hunterx_code_name_t.shtml)** v1.0 [**M11**]
* **[Kingpin: Reloaded](pc_kingpin_reloaded.shtml)** v1.0 [**M10**]
* **[Koumajou Remilia II: Stranger's Requiem](pc_koumajou_remilia_2_strangers_requiem.shtml)** v1.0 [**M6**]
* **[Ready or Not](pc_ready_or_not.shtml)** v1.0 [**M6**]
* **[River Tails: Stronger Together](pc_river_tails_stronger_together.shtml)** v1.0 [**M10**]
* **[Summum Aeterna](pc_summum_aeterna.shtml)** v1.1.001 [**M11**]
* **[Tales of Arise: Beyond the Dawn](pc_tales_of_arise.shtml)** v20231212 [**M11**]
|
| Thanks ExitOne & DDS for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Call of the Wild: The Angler - Spain Reserve](pc_call_of_the_wild_the_angler.shtml)** v1.5.1 [**M9**]
* **[CRISIS CORE -FINAL FANTASY VII- REUNION](pc_crisis_core_final_fantasy_7_reunion.shtml)** v1.03 [**M9**]
* **[Darkest Dungeon II: The Binding Blade](pc_darkest_dungeon_2.shtml)** v1.03.57744 [**M13**]
* **[Generation Zero: Guerrilla Research](pc_generation_zero.shtml)** v2654229 [**M9**]
* **[High On Life](pc_high_on_life.shtml)** v20231101 [**M5**]
* **[Park Beyond: Beyond eXtreme - Theme World](pc_park_beyond.shtml)** v2.3.0.158242 [**M14**]
* **[Police Simulator: Patrol Officers](pc_police_simulator_patrol_officers.shtml)** v12.2.2 [**M13**]
* **[THE GAME OF LIFE 2: Superhero World](pc_the_game_of_life_2.shtml)** v20231214 [**M6**]
* **[theHunter: Call of the Wild](pc_thehunter_call_of_the_wild.shtml)** v2649775 [**M9**]
* **[TROUBLESHOOTER: Abandoned Children](pc_troubleshooter.shtml)** v20231208 [**M4**]
* **[Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty - Upheaval in Jingxiang](pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.shtml)** v1.300 [**M11**]
|
| Thanks ExitOne & DDS for sending the Files. |
| **Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Avatar: Frontiers Of Pandora v1.0 +10 TRAINER](pc_avatar_frontiers_of_pandora.shtml)** -
* **[Blade of the Netherworld - Early Access v20231209 +5 TRAINER](pc_blade_of_the_netherworld.shtml)**
* **[Cookie Cutter v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_cookie_cutter.shtml)**
* **[HunterX: code name T v1.0.1 +5 TRAINER](pc_hunterx_code_name_t.shtml)**
* **[Koumajou Remilia II: Stranger's Requiem v1.0 +7 TRAINER](pc_koumajou_remilia_2_strangers_requiem.shtml)**
* **[Raincouver v1.0 +9 TRAINER](pc_raincouver.shtml)**
* **[Starfield v1.8.88.0 +24 TRAINER](pc_starfield.shtml)**
|
| Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Call of Duty v1.3 +6 TRAINER](pc_call_of_duty.shtml)**
* **[CoD: United Offence v1.41 +6 TRAINER](pc_call_of_duty.shtml)**
* **[Darksiders III v215.465\_PK1\_PK2 +9 TRAINER](pc_darksiders_3.shtml)**
* **[Dying Light v1.49 +27 TRAINER](pc_dying_light.shtml)** Updated
* **[Grim Dawn v1.2.0.3 +22 TRAINER](pc_grim_dawn.shtml)** Updated
* **[Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty v1.300 +34 TRAINER](pc_wo_long_fallen_dynasty.shtml)**
|
| Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files. |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| - | **Week 49: 4 - 10 December 2023** |
| **Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Against the Storm](pc_against_the_storm.shtml)** v1.0 [**M17**] -
* **[Born of Bread](pc_born_of_bread.shtml)** v1.0 [**M6**]
* **[Cities: Skylines II](pc_cities_skylines_2.shtml)** v1.0.15f1 [**M12**] -
* **[Destroyer: The U-Boat Hunter](pc_destroyer_the_u-boat_hunter.shtml)** v1.0 [**M14**]
* **[Disgaea 7: Vows of the Virtueless](pc_evil_nun_the_broken_mask.shtml)** v1.10 [**M6**]
* **[Disney Dreamlight Valley](pc_disney_dreamlight_valley.shtml)** v1.0 [**M7**]
* **[Evil Nun: The Broken Mask](pc_evil_nun_the_broken_mask.shtml)** v1.0 [**M12**]
* **[Graveyard Shift](pc_graveyard_shift_2023.shtml)** v1.0 [**EN**]
* **[Hero's Adventure: Road to Passion](pc_heros_adventure.shtml)** v1.0.1201b54 [**M3**]
* **[Mutation Madness](pc_mutation_madness.shtml)** v2.0.4 [**EN**]
* **[Ship Graveyard Simulator 2: Warships](pc_ship_graveyard_simulator_2.shtml)** v6006 [**M13**]
* **[Star Trek: Infinite](pc_star_trek_infinite.shtml)** v1.0.7 [**M10**]
* **[The Last Soldier of the Ming Dynasty](pc_the_last_soldier_of_the_ming_dynasty.shtml)** v1.0 [**M6**]
* **[Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader](pc_warhammer_40000_rogue_trader.shtml)** v1.0 [**M7**]
|
| Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Patches & Fixes** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Airship: Kingdoms Adrift](pc_airship_kingdoms_adrift.shtml)** v1.3.0.9d [**M3**]
* **[ICARUS](pc_icarus.shtml)** v2.1.7.118077 [**M10**]
* **[JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle R - Wonder of U](pc_jojos_bizarre_adventure_all-star_battle_r.shtml)** v2.3.0 [**M9**]
* **[Medieval Dynasty](pc_medieval_dynasty.shtml)** v2.0.0.0 - v2.0.0.1a [**M18**]
* **[MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries - The Dragon's Gambit](pc_mechwarrior_5_mercenaries.shtml)** v1.1.351 [**M4**]
* **[Metal: Hellsinger - Purgatory](pc_metal_hellsinger.shtml)** v1.8.0 [**M11**]
* **[Northgard: Vordr Clan of the Owl](pc_northgard.shtml)** v3.3.3.35683 [**M9**]
* **[Sands of Salzaar: Land of the Eclipse](pc_sands_of_salzaar.shtml)** v1.0.42 [**M2**]
* **[Shadow Gambit: The Cursed Crew - Complete Edition](pc_shadow_gambit_the_cursed_crew.shtml)** v1.2.122 [**M13**]
* **[Sir Whoopass: Immortal Death](pc_sir_whoopass_immortal_death.shtml)** v2.2.3 [**EN**]
* **[The Long Dark: Tales from the Far Territory Part 4](pc_the_long_dark.shtml)** v2.25 [**M18**]
* **[The Sims 4: For Rent](pc_the_sims_4.shtml)** v1.103.250.1020 [**M18**]
* **[TRAIL OUT: Zhenka's Legacy](pc_trail_out.shtml)** v2.9st [**M11**]
* **[Valor & Victory: Pacific](pc_valor_and_victory.shtml)** v1.08.05 [**M6**]
* **[Warm Snow: The End of Karma](pc_warm_snow.shtml)** v20231205 [**M4**]
* **[World War Z: Aftermath - Valley of the Zeke Episode](pc_world_war_z.shtml)** v20231205 - v20231208 [**M10**]
|
| Thanks ExitOne for sending the Files. |
| **Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Alan Wake 2 v1.0.12 +10 TRAINER](pc_alan_wake_2.shtml)** -
* **[Apocalypse Party v1.0 +5 TRAINER & SAVEGAME](pc_apocalypse_party.shtml)**
* **[Avatar: Frontiers Of Pandora v1.0 +10 TRAINER](pc_avatar_frontiers_of_pandora.shtml)** -
* **[Blood West v3.0.2 +8 TRAINER](pc_blood_west.shtml)**
* **[Favela Zombie Shooter v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_favela_zombie_shooter.shtml)**
* **[Gangs of Sherwood v1.5.253310 - v1.5.255679 +7 & +16 TRAINER](pc_gangs_of_sherwood.shtml)**
* **[Girl Gunner v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_girl_gunner.shtml)**
* **[Graveyard Shift SAVEGAME](pc_graveyard_shift_2023.shtml)**
* **[Kingpin: Reloaded v1.0 +7 TRAINER](pc_kingpin_reloaded.shtml)**
* **[Like a Dragon Gaiden: The Man Who Erased His Name v1.12 +38 TRAINER](pc_like_a_dragon_gaiden_the_man_who_erased_his_name.shtml)**
* **[Mutation Madness v2.0.4 +4 TRAINER](pc_mutation_madness.shtml)**
* **[NARUTO X BORUTO: Ultimate Ninja - STORM CONNECTIONS v1.01 +17 TRAINER](pc_naruto_x_boruto_ultimate_ninja_storm_connections.shtml)**
* **[S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chornobyl v20231205 - v20231210 +10 TRAINER](pc_stalker_2_heart_of_chornobyl.shtml)**
* **[TEVI v1.01 +15 TRAINER](pc_tevi.shtml)**
* **[THE MULLER-POWELL PRINCIPLE v1.1.2.0 +4 TRAINER & SAVEGAME](pc_the_muller-powerll_principle.shtml)** Updated
* **[Ungate v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_ungate.shtml)**
* **[VonGarland Castle: Sacrilege of the Night v1.0 +3 TRAINER](pc_vongarland_castle_sacrilege_of_the_night.shtml)**
* **[Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader v1.0 +12 TRAINER](pc_warhammer_40000_rogue_trader.shtml)**
* **[Wizordum - Early Access v0.2.0.1 +4 TRAINER](pc_wizordum.shtml)**
|
| Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files. |
| **Older Game Trainers & Cheats** | **[Game Index](gcw_index.shtml)** |
| * **[Craftopia - Early Access v20231204 +21 TRAINER](pc_craftopia.shtml)**
* **[Cyberpunk 2077 v2.1 +17 & +42 TRAINER](pc_cyberpunk_2077.shtml)**
* **[DAEMON X MACHINA v1.0.6 +13 TRAINER](pc_daemon_x_machina.shtml)**
* **[F1 Manager 2023 v1.10 +16 TRAINER](pc_f1_manager_2023.shtml)**
* **[Grim Dawn v1.2.0.3 +22 TRAINER](pc_grim_dawn.shtml)**
* **[Half-Life 2 b12694556 +8 TRAINER](pc_half-life_2.shtml)**
* **[Hearts of Iron IV v1.13.5 +12 TRAINER](pc_hearts_of_iron_4.shtml)**
* **[Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance v20231207 +8 TRAINER](pc_metal_gear_rising_revengeance.shtml)**
* **[Pixel Strike 3D v20231201 - v20231210 +7 TRAINER](pc_pixel_strike_3d.shtml)**
* **[Warm Snow v20231205 +15 TRAINER](pc_warm_snow.shtml)**
|
| Thanks Abolfazl.k & GameHunter for sending the Files. |
| |
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| **[P r e v i o u s N e w s A r c h i v e](gcw_news.shtml)** |
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| **[Console GamingWorld](redirect/pbw.htm)**
**[XBox PS2 PSP PSX GBA DC](redirect/pbw.htm)** |
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| GAME PROTECTIONS |
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| **[StarForce](redirect/cd_protections.htm)
[SafeDisc](redirect/cd_protections.htm)
[SecuROM](redirect/cd_protections.htm)
[Tages](redirect/cd_protections.htm)
[LaserLock](redirect/cd_protections.htm)** |
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| [Game Tools
Patch Engines](gcw_game_tools.shtml) |
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| [CD/DVD Tools](redirect/cd_utils.htm)[WinPack/IComp/I5Comp](redirect/files.htm) |
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<td width="300" align="right"><font SIZE="+2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Nadianne"><b>House
Greydragon</b></font> </td>
<td><a href="greydragon_achievement.gif"><img src="th_greydragon_achievement.gif" alt="greydragon achievement.gif(10 Kbytes)" border="0" width="290" height="224"></a></td>
<td width="300"><font SIZE="+2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Nadianne"><b>House Greydragon</b></font>
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<p align="center"><font SIZE="+2" COLOR="#000000"><b>Welcome to the website of House
Greydragon, devoted to attempting to recreate (and live in) the 14th century !!!</b></font></p>
<p><strong>My intent is to provide educational and reference information on those aspects of 14th century medieval life that I try to recreate within my hobby of living history in the <a href="http://www.sca.org">Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA)</a>. I hope you find links of interest, and useful
information in helping to recreate various aspects of the 14th century, including: These include:</strong>
<h3>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="furniture.html">Medieval Furniture</a> - Plans and information, chests, benches, tables, coolers, tapestries, beds, etc. <br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="pavilions/index.html">Medieval Round Tents</a> - One style of tent, with design and construction plans, including a calculator for determining dimensions and canvas required.<br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="library/index.html">Library of class notes and articles</a> - Various classes taught by members of House Greydragon, with a few select "guest"
articles<br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="Equestrian/index.html">Equestrian equipment</a> - Information and plans, including a caparison, a portable joust list, an ecranche, a lance rack, and reeds game equipment. <br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="features/index.html">Special feature articles</a> - Medieval topics from friends who don't have a website <br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="ikbg/index.html">Inter Kingdom Brewers Guild</a> - Information including competition schedules and judging standards<br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="brewing/index.html">Brewing information</a> - Includes historical documentation, recipes, and other (non-IKBG) judging standards, etc. <br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="cotehardies.html">Cotehardies</a> - Late 14th Century costumes, in particular cotehardies <br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="contacts.html">Contact info for House Greydragon</a> - Includes images of registered arms, etc</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="beerquest/index.html">Beer quest</a> - Information on Master Terafan's quest for over 1,385 different beers (in 4 years) ...<br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="activities.html">Activities/Events</a> - An archive of photos for various SCA events and activities </strong></li>
</ul>
<b>Other information and useful links</b>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="whatsnew.html">"What's new??"</a> -The page to find out about recent changes/updates to the website.<br></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="barclay/index.htm">Places we have Visited and Things we have done</a> - Photographs of all the cool trips (castles, museums, and other fun
stuff we did)!!<br></strong></li>
<li><b><a href="maillogin.html">Email login</a> - for members of House Greydragon</b><br></li>
</ul>
</h3>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="left"><em><small>Last update: <!--webbot bot="Timestamp"
S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%B %d, %Y" startspan -->December 2, 2017<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="30727" --></small></em>
</p>
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House Greydragon
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| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **House
Greydragon** | [greydragon achievement.gif(10 Kbytes)](greydragon_achievement.gif) | **House Greydragon** |
**Welcome to the website of House
Greydragon, devoted to attempting to recreate (and live in) the 14th century !!!**
**My intent is to provide educational and reference information on those aspects of 14th century medieval life that I try to recreate within my hobby of living history in the [Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA)](http://www.sca.org). I hope you find links of interest, and useful
information in helping to recreate various aspects of the 14th century, including: These include:**
###
* **[Medieval Furniture](furniture.html) - Plans and information, chests, benches, tables, coolers, tapestries, beds, etc.**
* **[Medieval Round Tents](pavilions/index.html) - One style of tent, with design and construction plans, including a calculator for determining dimensions and canvas required.**
* **[Library of class notes and articles](library/index.html) - Various classes taught by members of House Greydragon, with a few select "guest"
articles**
* **[Equestrian equipment](Equestrian/index.html) - Information and plans, including a caparison, a portable joust list, an ecranche, a lance rack, and reeds game equipment.**
* **[Special feature articles](features/index.html) - Medieval topics from friends who don't have a website**
* **[Inter Kingdom Brewers Guild](ikbg/index.html) - Information including competition schedules and judging standards**
* **[Brewing information](brewing/index.html) - Includes historical documentation, recipes, and other (non-IKBG) judging standards, etc.**
* **[Cotehardies](cotehardies.html) - Late 14th Century costumes, in particular cotehardies**
* **[Contact info for House Greydragon](contacts.html) - Includes images of registered arms, etc**
* **[Beer quest](beerquest/index.html) - Information on Master Terafan's quest for over 1,385 different beers (in 4 years) ...**
* **[Activities/Events](activities.html) - An archive of photos for various SCA events and activities**
**Other information and useful links**
* **["What's new??"](whatsnew.html) -The page to find out about recent changes/updates to the website.**
* **[Places we have Visited and Things we have done](barclay/index.htm) - Photographs of all the cool trips (castles, museums, and other fun
stuff we did)!!**
* **[Email login](maillogin.html) - for members of House Greydragon**
*Last update: December 2, 2017*
| http://www.greydragon.org/ |
<HTML>
<head><TITLE>Far, Far Away Site - HQ Tagless Television Photography Resource</TITLE>
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<a href="section/index.html"><img src="menu1.png" title="Television Series Galleries" border=0></a>
<a href="temple/index.html"><img src="menu2.png" title="Actress Galleries" border=0></a><BR>
<a href="https://www.thetalesofkingkota.com"><img src="menu3.png" title="Dakota Kai & Tegan Nox Fansite & Photo Resource" border=0></a>
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Far, Far Away Site - HQ Tagless Television Photography Resource
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[](temple/index.html)
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Far, Far Away Site Was Born Around April 30, 1997 | [Legal Disclaimer](website/disclaimer.htm)
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<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Spud Server</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#000000" text="#e0e0e0" link="#c0c0ff" vlink="#8080ff">
<BIG><B>IT IS A JOKE!</B> please stop!</BIG><P>There is a <B>real</B> potato powered webserver (allegedly!) at <A href="http://world.std.com/~fwhite/spud/">http://world.std.com/~fwhite/spud/</A></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE width=650>
<TR>
<TD align=left><IMG src="spudlogo.gif" ALT="Spud Server"></TD>
<TD align=right valign=bottom>
<A href="http://totl.net/"><IMG src="/logos/white-on-000000.png" ALT="Temple ov thee Lemur" border=0></A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD colspan=2>
<P align=center><TT><BIG>http://152.78.65.48:2300/</BIG></TT></P>
<P><B>Welcome</B> to the homepage of what we believe to be the world's
first vegetable powered web server. Working on the same principle as the, now legendary, potato powered digital clock, spudserver is a stripped down low power consumption PC.</P>
<TABLE border=0><TR><TD>
<P>Due to memory limitations and the desire to minimise load, spudserver currently only serves a couple of pages. We may improve this in time.</P>
<P>To demonstrate that it was working live we made one of the pages display the current system time. Unfortunately the battery backed clock mechanism on the motherboard turned out to be <S>f)&*ed</S> broken. Hence the system time is reset to 1st Jan 1970 everytime the system reboots (which is quite frequent).</P>
<P align=center><B><A href="http://152.78.65.48:2300/">Connect to Spud Server</A></B></P>
</TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD align=right>
<TABLE cellpadding=1 border=0 cellspacing=0><TR><TD bgcolor="#c0c0c0">
<TABLE cellpadding=6 border=0 cellspacing=0><TR><TD bgcolor="#202020">
<P><B>International Slow News Week</B><BR>
(aka SpudServer in the Media)</P>
<P><B>May 22 11:00 GMT</B></P>
<P>Well, we got <A href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=00/05/21/1947222&mode=thread">slashdotted</A> (again). This ISP seems to be holding up but the
spud server just couldn't cope. [update -- it's all working fine now]</P>
<P><B>May 23 14:10 GMT</B></P>
<P>We've been featured on <A href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_759000/759529.stm">The BBC Science & Technology News</A>, neat!</P>
<P>Also there is an article on <A href="http://www.annanova.com/news/story/sm_4912.html">Ananova</A>, I was only joking about the hamsters guys!</P>
<P><B>May 24 11:09 GMT</B></P>
<P>We are the Monkey Bite on <A href="http://www.webmonkey.com/">http://www.webmonkey.com/</A></P>
<P>There is a small article on <A href="http://www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20000524/2292611s.htm">Page 3D</A> of USA Today</P>
</TD></TR></TABLE>
</TD></TR></TABLE>
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<p>General <a href="/FAQ/features/spud/">Frequently Asked Questions</a>. Most common questions are below.</p>
<DL>
<DT><B>Why Bother?</B>
<DD>Someone bet us we couldn't (in your face Joel). And we wanted to do something as a follow up to <A href="/Eunuch/">Project Eunuch</A>.
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>Are there any pictures of SpudServer?</B>
<DD>Yes, in <A href="gallery.html">the gallery</A>, along with a brief explanation of the components. Also there is a <A href="notepage.html">scan of the design document</A> available.
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>How often do you replace the potatos?</B>
<DD>One of us (usually) changes them every couple of days.
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>How many spuds does it take to power the machine?</B>
<DD>Well, once you remove the fans and the floppy and hard disk drives, a PC doesn't require much power at all. We've found that on average a dozen spuds work fine. In testing, we got it running for an hour on three, but this was probably a fluke.
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>What OS does spudserver run?</B>
<DD>A stripped version of the Linux Kernel, blown onto a ROM, along with the server code and webpages (typos and all).
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>Do you have plans to build spudserver II?</B>
<DD>Maybe, but not soon. This was a very time consuming project. Fortunately, we managed to beg, borrow or steal most of the parts - a more robust solution would be quite expensive.
</DL>
<DL>
<DT><B>So, what else have you crazy kids done?</B>
<DD>Thank you for asking. We run <A href="http://totl.net/">totl.net</A>, full of neat stuff to distract you from what it is you should be doing now.
</DL>
<BIG><P><B>Before sending mail, please read the <A href="/FAQ/features/spud/">FAQ</a>!</B> Feedback to: <TT><A href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</A></BIG></P>
<BR><BR>
<P>Another nifty thing from <A href="/">Temple ov thee Lemur</A></P>
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Spud Server
**IT IS A JOKE!** please stop!There is a **real** potato powered webserver (allegedly!) at <http://world.std.com/~fwhite/spud/>
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Spud Server | [Temple ov thee Lemur](http://totl.net/) |
| http://152.78.65.48:2300/
**Welcome** to the homepage of what we believe to be the world's
first vegetable powered web server. Working on the same principle as the, now legendary, potato powered digital clock, spudserver is a stripped down low power consumption PC.
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Due to memory limitations and the desire to minimise load, spudserver currently only serves a couple of pages. We may improve this in time.
To demonstrate that it was working live we made one of the pages display the current system time. Unfortunately the battery backed clock mechanism on the motherboard turned out to be ~~f)&\*ed~~ broken. Hence the system time is reset to 1st Jan 1970 everytime the system reboots (which is quite frequent).
**[Connect to Spud Server](http://152.78.65.48:2300/)** | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
| |
| --- |
| **International Slow News Week**
(aka SpudServer in the Media)
**May 22 11:00 GMT**
Well, we got [slashdotted](http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=00/05/21/1947222&mode=thread) (again). This ISP seems to be holding up but the
spud server just couldn't cope. [update -- it's all working fine now]
**May 23 14:10 GMT**
We've been featured on [The BBC Science & Technology News](http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_759000/759529.stm), neat!
Also there is an article on [Ananova](http://www.annanova.com/news/story/sm_4912.html), I was only joking about the hamsters guys!
**May 24 11:09 GMT**
We are the Monkey Bite on <http://www.webmonkey.com/>
There is a small article on [Page 3D](http://www.usatoday.com/usatonline/20000524/2292611s.htm) of USA Today |
|
|
General [Frequently Asked Questions](/FAQ/features/spud/). Most common questions are below.
**Why Bother?**
Someone bet us we couldn't (in your face Joel). And we wanted to do something as a follow up to [Project Eunuch](/Eunuch/).
**Are there any pictures of SpudServer?**
Yes, in [the gallery](gallery.html), along with a brief explanation of the components. Also there is a [scan of the design document](notepage.html) available.
**How often do you replace the potatos?**
One of us (usually) changes them every couple of days.
**How many spuds does it take to power the machine?**
Well, once you remove the fans and the floppy and hard disk drives, a PC doesn't require much power at all. We've found that on average a dozen spuds work fine. In testing, we got it running for an hour on three, but this was probably a fluke.
**What OS does spudserver run?**
A stripped version of the Linux Kernel, blown onto a ROM, along with the server code and webpages (typos and all).
**Do you have plans to build spudserver II?**
Maybe, but not soon. This was a very time consuming project. Fortunately, we managed to beg, borrow or steal most of the parts - a more robust solution would be quite expensive.
**So, what else have you crazy kids done?**
Thank you for asking. We run [totl.net](http://totl.net/), full of neat stuff to distract you from what it is you should be doing now.
**Before sending mail, please read the [FAQ](/FAQ/features/spud/)!** Feedback to: [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
Another nifty thing from [Temple ov thee Lemur](/) |
| http://totl.net/Spud/ |
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<h1><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410181311im_/http://knootje.webs.com/Moving-Head.gif" width="5%" height="5%">Hello there!<img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410181311im_/http://knootje.webs.com/Moving-Head.gif" width="5%" height="5%"></h1>
<br/>
<img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410181311im_/https://caesar-site.webs.com/Hypercube.gif" width="454" height="454">
<br />
<h3><b><i><p class="rainbow">"Society tries to put me in a box, but the only box I fit in is a Hypercube"</p></i></b></h3>
<br/>
<img src="https://web.archive.org/web/19961226113518im_/http://ad-teck.com/assets/images/Welcomer.gif">
<br/>
<p>
I released a new 9:25 am album called <i><B>MessageBoard2000</b></i>, listen to the album on your preferred music player here:
<br/><h2> <a href="https://presave.caesar.wtf"><b><i>presave.caesar.wtf</i></b></a></h2></p>
<br/>Check out the video below (<i><B>SEIZURE WARNING!!</b></i>)
<br/><iframe width="560" height="560" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tL9yyfrYSfY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</p>
<p>Also check out my album <i><B>Class Of '97</b></i>!
<br/><h2> <a href="http://925.university"><b><i>925.university</i></b></a></h2></p>
<br />
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QqOPQNhczaE" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p>Here's an image of me:</p>
<img src="https://f4.bcbits.com/img/0029426983_20.jpg" width="560" height="auto">
<p><u>kthxbai</u></p>
<br />
<img src="http://anlucas.neocities.org/browser7.gif">
<img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102184156im_/http://music.tinfoil.net/images/pics/madeonamac.gif"></a>
<br/><br/><b><i><h2>
<p class="rainbow">Part of the <a href="https://yesterweb.org/">Yesterweb</a> Webring <br/>
<a href="https://webring.yesterweb.org/noJS/index.php?d=prev&url=https://yesterweb.org/">Previous</a>
<a href="https://webring.yesterweb.org/noJS/index.php?d=rand&url=https://yesterweb.org/">Random</a>
<a href="https://webring.yesterweb.org/noJS/index.php?d=next&url=https://yesterweb.org/">Next</a>
</p></i></b></h2>
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Caesár
[Home](/index.html)
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[Visual](/visual.html)
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[Fun](/fun.html)
[Links](http://linktr.ee/925am)
# Hello there!
| https://caesar.wtf/ |
<html><head><title>Electric Fish</title>
</head>
<body background="fishbkg.JPG">
<center>
<h1>Weakly Electric Fish</h1>
<img src="wimpy.JPG" width=310 height=246 align=center><br>
<em>Apteronotus albifrons</em> (black ghost) eating worms
from a feeder in the behavior tank.<br>
</center>
<p>Welcome to the home page for our research on electroreception
with weakly electric fish.
From 1987-1999, Chris Assad <a href="mailto:[email protected]">
([email protected])</a> and
<a href="mailto:[email protected]"> Brian Rasnow</a>
studied weakly electric fish in the
<a href="http://www.bower-lab.org"> Bower lab </a> at the
<a href="http://www.caltech.edu">California Institute of Technology</a>,
Pasadena, California.
We wanted to understand how these fish generate
an electric field, how their electric field is affected by nearby objects,
and what neuronal computations they may use to perceive and identify
objects and other fish in their environment. <br>
<p> For more information about past and current research projects and the
fish lab in general see the links below.</p>
<h3>More About Electric Fish</h3>
<ul>
<font size=4>
<li><a href="http://www.globalserve.net/~nberman/primer.html">
Electric Fish Primer</a>
<li><a href="qtmov.html">Electric Fish QuickTime Movies</a>
<li><a href="sim.html">Electric Fish Computer Simulations</a>
<li><a href="behav.html">Electric Fish Behavior</a>
<li><a href="pub.html">Publications</a>
<li><a href="other.html">Other Electric Fish Web Sites</a>
</ul></font>
<p>
<hr>
</body></html>
| Electric Fish
# Weakly Electric Fish
*Apteronotus albifrons* (black ghost) eating worms
from a feeder in the behavior tank.
Welcome to the home page for our research on electroreception
with weakly electric fish.
From 1987-1999, Chris Assad [([email protected])](mailto:[email protected]) and
[Brian Rasnow](mailto:[email protected])
studied weakly electric fish in the
[Bower lab](http://www.bower-lab.org) at the
[California Institute of Technology](http://www.caltech.edu),
Pasadena, California.
We wanted to understand how these fish generate
an electric field, how their electric field is affected by nearby objects,
and what neuronal computations they may use to perceive and identify
objects and other fish in their environment.
For more information about past and current research projects and the
fish lab in general see the links below.
### More About Electric Fish
* [Electric Fish Primer](http://www.globalserve.net/~nberman/primer.html)* [Electric Fish QuickTime Movies](qtmov.html)* [Electric Fish Computer Simulations](sim.html)* [Electric Fish Behavior](behav.html)* [Publications](pub.html)* [Other Electric Fish Web Sites](other.html)
---
| http://www.rasnowpeak.com/brian/efish/ |
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3" color="#FFFFFF"><a href="../index.html">DMI homepage</a> | <a href="../micro/micro_index.html">Malin's micrographs</a> | <a href="../miller/miller_index.html">Miller's twilights</a> | <a href="http://www.aao.gov.au/images/index.html">Anglo-Australian Observatory</a></font>
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<img align="middle" src="../headers/micro_tel.jpg" width="630" height="73" alt="from microscope to telescope">
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<font size="+1" face="Verdana, Arial">This page shows the complete Akira Fujii/DMI collection</font><br>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Below are links to the images separated into several overlapping subject areas for faster download<br>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="general/af_const1.html">the constellations</a> | <a href="general/af_wide.html">constellations, wide field</a> | <a href="general/af_mw.html">Milky Way & Crux</a> | <a href="general/af_planets.html">planets & stars</a> | <a href="general/af_bino.html">binocular views</a><br>
<a href="general/af_trails.html">star trails</a> | <a href="general/af_sun.html">solar eclipses</a> | <a href="general/af_moon.html">moon & lunar eclipses</a> | <a href="general/af_comets.html">comets & aurorae</a> | <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact DMI</a></font>
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<font size="+1" color="#FF3333" face="Verdana, Arial">NEW - <a href="general/af_const1.html">Constellations outlines</a> on sky photographs</font><br>
<font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> A work in progress....</font><br>
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">The images on these pages are copyright For more information please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">David Malin Images</a></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af1-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af1-01_72.jpg" alt="af1-01_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af1-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af1-02_72.jpg" alt="af1-02_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af1-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af1-04_72.jpg" alt="af1-04_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af1-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af1-05_72.jpg" alt="af1-05_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af1-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af1-06_72.jpg" alt="af1-06_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF1-01. The Southern Cross, Carina nebula and the False Cross, from the Coal Sack to o Velorum.<br>
Centred on the theta Carinae cluster<br>
AF1-02. The Southern Milky Way, from the Pointers to the Carina nebula.<br>
Centred on alpha Crucis in the Southern Cross<br>
AF1-04. The Southern Cross, Coalsack and the Great Carina nebula. Image centred near lambda Centaurii<br>
AF1-05. The Southern Cross and Pointers, alpha and beta Centaurii. Image centred between them.<br>
AF1-06. From Crux to Carina, beneath the Southern Cross.<br>
Image includes the LMC and is centred close to the south celestial pole</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-01_72.jpg" alt="af2-01_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-02_72.jpg" alt="af2-02_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-03_72.jpg" alt="af2-03_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-04_72.jpg" alt="af2-04_72" width="96" height="84" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-05_72.jpg" alt="af2-05_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF2-01. From the Southern Cross and SMC to Orion. Includes Sirius, Canopus, Betegeuse, Rigel, to the LMC.<br>
Centred close to pi Puppis.<br>
AF2-02. The Milky Way, extreme wide angle, from Aquila to Carina.<br>
Includes the Galactic Centre, Southern Cross, Antares and Jupiter<br>
AF2-03. Same scale as AF3-02 but extends northwards from Sagittarius and Scorpius to the<br>
Summer Triangle in Cygnus.<br>
AF2-04. Centred on the Galactic Centre in Sagittarius. Image shows the Milky Way' 'bulge' and extends<br>
from Carina to Cygnus, with the Zodiacal light extending from the horizon (lower left))<br>
AF2-05. Centred on lambda and nu Scorpii, from Scutum to Circinus and Rigil Kent (alpha Cen).<br>
Excellent image of Galactic bulge.<br></font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-07_72.jpg" alt="af2-07_72" width="96" height="67" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-08_72.jpg" alt="af2-08_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af2-09_72.html"><img src="preview/af2-09_72.jpg" alt="af2-09_72" width="96" height="70" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-01_72.jpg" alt="af3-01_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-02_72.jpg" alt="af3-02_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF2-07. Extreme wide angle view of the Milky Way from Scutum and Aquila to Puppis.<br>
Includes the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.<br>
AF2-08. Milky Way, north to Scutum and part of Aquila, centred close to M17. Galactic centre at lower right.<br>
AF2-09. The brightest part of the Milky Way includes most of Sagittarius and some of Scutum<br>
AF3-01. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella.<br>
Orion, the Hyades, the Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux<br>
AF3-02. The equatorial Milky Way.<br>
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor. Pollux</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-03_72.jpg" alt="af3-03_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-04_72.jpg" alt="af3-04_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-05_72.jpg" alt="af3-05_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-06_72.jpg" alt="af3-06_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-07_72.jpg" alt="af3-07_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF3-03. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella (portrait format, with northern horizon)<br>
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux<br>
AF3-04. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella (portrait format, with western horizon)<br>
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux<br>
AF3-05. From the Hyades to the LMC and Carina Hyades,<br>
Orion, Canis Major, Puppis, Carina, Pictor, Dorado, Reticulum, Caelum, Lepus, Sirius and Procyon<br>
AF3-06. Orion, Canis Major, Columba, Lepus, Caelum,<br>
AF3-07. From the Pleiades to the SMC Pleiades, Hyades, Orion, LMC, SMC, Eridanus,<br>
Pictor, Puppis, Reticulm, Horologium. Dorado, Aldebaran, Sirius, Rigel, Belelgeuse, Canopus, Achernar.</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-08_72.jpg" alt="af3-08_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-09_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-09_72.jpg" alt="af3-09_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-11_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-11_72.jpg" alt="af3-11_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-12_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-12_72.jpg" alt="af3-12_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-13_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-13_72.jpg" alt="af3-13_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF3-08 The equatorial Milky Way east of Orion. Procyon, Betelgeuse and Sirius (landscape format)<br>
AF3-09 The equatorial Milky Way east of Orion. Procyon, Betelgeuse and Sirius (portrait format)<br>
AF3-11 The northern Milky Way, from Cygnus to Cassiopeia. Pleiades, Perseus, Capella, Deneb, Sadir, M31.<br>
AF3-12 The northern Milky Way, from Cassiopeia to Capella and beyond. The Pleiades, Perseus, Capella, Deneb, M31<br>
AF3-13 Across the Pole, Cassiopeia to Ursa Minor. Polaris, Kochab.</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-14_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-14_72.jpg" alt="af3-14_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-16_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-16_72.jpg" alt="af3-16_72" width="78" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-19_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-19_72.jpg" alt="af3-19_72" width="78" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-20_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-20_72.jpg" alt="af3-20_72" width="96" height="79" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-21_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-21_72.jpg" alt="af3-21_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF3-14 Polaris, the Big Dipper, Arcturus and Spica<br>
AF3-16 Polaris, the Big Dipper to Arcturus<br>
AF3-19 The Big Dipper and northern horizon, with Lynx, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Kochab<br>
AF3-20 The Big Dipper, western horizon The Big Dipper, Lynx, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Kochab<br>
AF3-21 Sagittarius and the Summer Triangle. Scorpius, Scutum, Aquila, Cygnus, Lyra, Vega, Altair and Deneb</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af3-22_72.html"><img src="preview/af3-22_72.jpg" alt="af3-22_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-01_72.jpg" alt="af4-01_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-02_72.jpg" alt="af4-02_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-03_72.jpg" alt="af4-03_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-04_72.jpg" alt="af4-04_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF3-22 The Summer Triangle, eastern horizon Vulpeca, Saggita, Vega, Altair and Deneb<br>
AF4-01 Fomalhaut, Piscis Austrinus, Capricornus, Aquarius, Microscopium<br>
AF4-02 Capricornius<br>
AF4-03 From Aldebaran, Eridanus, Lepus, Fornax<br>
AF4-04 Aquarius, Capricornius, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus</font></font><br>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-05_72.jpg" alt="af4-05_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-06_72.jpg" alt="af4-06_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-07_72.jpg" alt="af4-07_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-08_72.jpg" alt="af4-08_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-09_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-09_72.jpg" alt="af4-09_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF4-05 Regulus, Alfard, Hydra<br>
AF4-06 Canis Major, Sirius<br>
AF4-07 Sagttarius, Corona Australia, Telescopium<br>
AF4-08 Cetus, Mira, Menkar, Difda<br>
AF4-09 Scorpius, Antares etc (similar to AF4 010)<br></font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-10_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-10_72.jpg" alt="af4-10_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-11_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-11_72.jpg" alt="af4-11_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-12_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-12_72.jpg" alt="af4-12_72" width="64" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-13_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-13_72.jpg" alt="af4-13_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-14_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-14_72.jpg" alt="af4-14_72" width="75" height="95" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF4-10 Scorpius, Antares etc (similar to AF4-09)<br>
AF4-11 Scorpius, Sagittarius, Lupus<br>
AF4-12 Scorpius, Norma.<br>
AF4-13 Scorpius, Ophiuchus (slightly hazy, not good night)<br>
AF4-14 Libra and Antares</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af4-15_72.html"><img src="preview/af4-15_72.jpg" alt="af4-15_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-01_72.jpg" alt="af5-01_72" width="76" height="95" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-02_72.jpg" alt="af5-02_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-03_72.jpg" alt="af5-03_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-04_72.jpg" alt="af5-04_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF4-15 Sagittarius, Corona Australis<br>
AF5-01 Andromeda, M31<br>
AF5-02 (Portrait format) Andromeda, Cassiopeia, M31<br>
AF5-03 (Landscape format) Andromeda, Cassiopeia, M31<br>
AF5-04 Aquila, Saggita</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-05_72.jpg" alt="af5-05_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-06_72.jpg" alt="af5-06_72" width="66" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-07_72.jpg" alt="af5-07_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-09_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-09_72.jpg" alt="af5-09_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-10_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-10_72.jpg" alt="af5-10_72" width="73" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
</tr>
</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-05 Auriga, Capella<br>
AF5-06 Auriga, Capella, wider view than AF5-05<br>
AF5-07 Bootes, Corona Borealis, Arcturus, Izar, Alphekka, Murphid<br>
AF5-09 Corona Borealis<br>
AF5-10 Corona Borealis, Bootes west</font></font><br>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-11_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-11_72.jpg" alt="af5-11_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-12_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-12_72.jpg" alt="af5-12_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-13_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-13_72.jpg" alt="af5-13_72" width="96" height="77" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-14_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-14_72.jpg" alt="af5-14_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-16_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-16_72.jpg" alt="af5-16_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-11 Cassiopeia (landscape format)<br>
AF5-12 Cassiopeia (portrait format)<br>
AF5-13 Cassiopeia (landscape, deeper image)<br>
AF5-14 Cygnus<br>
AF5-16 Cancer, Castor, Pollux, Procyon</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-17_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-17_72.jpg" alt="af5-17_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-18_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-18_72.jpg" alt="af5-18_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-19_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-19_72.jpg" alt="af5-19_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-21_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-21_72.jpg" alt="af5-21_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-22_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-22_72.jpg" alt="af5-22_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-17 Coma Berenices, Denbola, Cor Caroli<br>
AF5-18 Draco, Ursa Major, big dipper<br>
AF5-19 Delphinus, Saggita, Altair<br>
AF5-21 Gemini, Auriga, Castor, Pollux, Alhena, Betelgeuse<br>
AF5-22 Gemini, Auriga, Castor, Pollux, Alhena, Betelgeuse</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-23_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-23_72.jpg" alt="af5-23_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-24_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-24_72.jpg" alt="af5-24_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-25_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-25_72.jpg" alt="af5-25_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-26_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-26_72.jpg" alt="af5-26_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-27_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-27_72.jpg" alt="af5-27_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-23 Gemini, Canis Minor, Castor, Pollux, Procyon<br>
AF5-24 Hercules, Vega<br>
AF5-25 Leo, Regus, Denebola<br>
AF5-26 Lyra, Vega<br>
AF5-27 Leo Minor, Lynx, M44</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-28_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-28_72.jpg" alt="af5-28_72" width="76" height="95" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-29_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-29_72.jpg" alt="af5-29_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-30_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-30_72.jpg" alt="af5-30_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-32_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-32_72.jpg" alt="af5-32_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-33_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-33_72.jpg" alt="af5-33_72" width="96" height="81" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-28 Orion, Rigel, Betelgeuse<br>
AF5-29 Perseus, Capella, M45 (Pleiades)<br>
AF5-30 Pegasus (landscape)<br>
AF5-32 The square of Pegasus<br>
AF5-33 Taurus, Hyades, Pleiades, Alnath, Bellatrix (portrait)</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-34_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-34_72.jpg" alt="af5-34_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-35_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-35_72.jpg" alt="af5-35_72" width="96" height="71" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-36_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-36_72.jpg" alt="af5-36_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-37_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-37_72.jpg" alt="af5-37_72" width="80" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-38_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-38_72.jpg" alt="af5-38_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-34. Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Big Dipper, Kochab<br>
AF5-35. Ursa Major, Big Dipper<br>
AF5-36. Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Big Dipper<br>
AF5-37. (not as good as AF5-36) Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Big Dipper<br>
AF5-38. Ursa Major (part), The Big Dipper</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-39_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-39_72.jpg" alt="af5-39_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-40_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-40_72.jpg" alt="af5-40_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af5-41_72.html"><img src="preview/af5-41_72.jpg" alt="af5-41_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6a-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af6a-01_72.jpg" alt="af6a-01_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6a-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af6a-02_72.jpg" alt="af6a-02_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF5-39. Ursa Minor, Kochab, Polaris<br>
AF5-40. Pagasus, Pisces, Hamal<br>
AF5-41. The Big Dipper meets the horizon.<br>
Ursa Major, Big Dipper, Alcor, Mizar, Alioth, Megrez, Pheka, Merak, Dubhe<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> The reversal of the motion of Mars, between the Hyades and Pleiades, September 3, 1990 to March 17, 1991<br></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6a-01. Sep-3, 1990<br>
AF6a-02. Sep 23, 1990<br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6a-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af6a-05_72.jpg" alt="af6a-05_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6b-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af6b-02_72.jpg" alt="af6b-02_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6c-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af6c-01_72.jpg" alt="af6c-01_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6c-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af6c-02_72.jpg" alt="af6c-02_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
The reversal of the motion of Mars, between the Hyades and Pleiades, September 3, 1990 to March 17, 1991 (continued)</font><br>
<font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6a-03. Oct 23, 1990<br>
AF6a-05. Jan-6, 1991<br>
<font size="2" color="#66CCFF"> Jupiter and Saturn between the Hyades and Pleiades, December 2000 Extreme wide field<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6b-02. Dec 29, 2000 (one of a series of four)<br>
<font size="2" color="#66CCFF"> Jupiter and Saturn between the Hyades and Pleiades, 1999-2000<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6c-01. Nov-6, 1999<br>
AF6c-02. Oct 31, 2000 (two of a series of three)<br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6d-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af6d-02_72.jpg" alt="af6d-02_72" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6d-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af6d-05_72.jpg" alt="af6d-05_72" width="95" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6d-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af6d-06_72.jpg" alt="af6d-06_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af6f-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af6f-01_72.jpg" alt="af6f-01_72" width="73" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
Jupiter and Saturn move into Taurus, 1999-2000<br></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6d-01. Nov-6, 1999<br>
AF6d-02. Dec 29, 2000<br>
AF6d-05. Dec 29, 2000, longer focal length<br>
AF6d-06. Dec 29, 2000, longer still focal length<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Venus among the Pleiades<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF6f-01. Venus + Pleiades, April 3</font><br>
<br></font></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-01_72.jpg" alt="af7-01_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-02_72.jpg" alt="af7-02_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-06_72.jpg" alt="af7-06_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-07_72.jpg" alt="af7-07_72" width="96" height="91" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#66CCFF"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Venus among the Pleiades<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF6f-02. Venus + Pleiades, April 6<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Photographs corresponding to binocular and small telescope views<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF7-01. The Pleiades and Hyades<br>
AF7-02. The Pleiades, binoculars<br>
AF7-06. The Hyades, binoculars<br>
AF7-07. M67, NGC 2682 in Cancer, telescope</font></font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-08_72.jpg" alt="af7-08_72" width="96" height="91" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-09_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-09_72.jpg" alt="af7-09_72" width="96" height="91" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-10_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-10_72.jpg" alt="af7-10_72" width="96" height="91" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-11_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-11_72.jpg" alt="af7-11_72" width="91" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-12_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-12_72.jpg" alt="af7-12_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF7-08. double cluster, h and x Per, NGC 869 and 884. telescope<br>
AF7-09. M46, NGC 2437 in Puppis, telescope<br>
AF7-10. M44, NGC 2632 'Praesepe' in Cancer (with Jupiter), telescope (see also AF7-33)<br>
AF7-11. M44, NGC 2632 'Praesepe', Cancer, telescope<br>
AF7-12. M41, NGC 2287 'Praesepe' in Canis Major</font></font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-21_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-21_72.jpg" alt="af7-21_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af7-24_72.html"><img src="preview/af7-24_72.jpg" alt="af7-24_72" width="83" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-05_72.jpg" alt="af9-05_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af8-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af8-01_72.jpg" alt="af8-01_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af8-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af8-03_72.jpg" alt="af8-03_72" width="96" height="65" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF7-21. The Great Carina nebula, NGC 3372, binoculars<br>
AF7-24. M8 (NGC 6523 with NGC 6530), M20 (NGC 6514) and M23 (NGC 6494) in Sagittarius, telescope<br>
AF9-05. Mira (o Cet) at maximum and minimum<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Star trails with stationary camera<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF8-01. North celestial pole trail<br>
AF8-03. Orion, setting trails</font></font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af8-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af8-05_72.jpg" alt="af8-05_72" width="73" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af8-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af8-06_72.jpg" alt="af8-06_72" width="96" height="64" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af8-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af8-08_72.jpg" alt="af8-08_72" width="70" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-01_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-01_72.jpg" alt="af9-01_72" width="96" height="63" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-02_72.jpg" alt="af9-02_72" width="96" height="67" border="0"></a></td>
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<font color="#CCCCCC">AF8-05. Orion trails, 30 min exp<br>
AF8-06. Orion trails, ~3h exp<br>
AF8-08. Big dipper trails<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Aurorae and miscellaneous wide field images<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF9-01. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC + SMC), including Comet Wilson.<br>
AF9-02. The Zodiacal light and northern Milky Way</font></font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-03_72.jpg" alt="af9-03_72" width="96" height="64" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-04_72.jpg" alt="af9-04_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af9-05_72.html"><img src="preview/af9-05_72.jpg" alt="af9-05_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-02_72.jpg" alt="af10-02_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-03_72.jpg" alt="af10-03_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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<font color="#66CCFF"> Aurorae and miscellaneous wide field images (continued)<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF9-03. The Zodiacal light and northern Milky Way, with Jupiter and Venus<br>
AF9-04. The Aurorae Borealis, with the Pleiades. Centred on Auriga-Perseus border,<br>
with Capella the brightest star, with Tejat Prior and Tejat Posterior, divided by a planet.<br>
AF9-05. Mira (o Cet) at maximum and minimum<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> The Sun and solar eclipses<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF10-02. solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1980, India 33-image multi-exposure, with palm tree.<br>
AF10-03. solar eclipse 11 June, 1983, Indonesia Detail of prominences, and inner corona</font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-06_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-06_72.jpg" alt="af10-06_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-07_72.jpg" alt="af10-07_72" width="96" height="58" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-08_72.jpg" alt="af10-08_72" width="82" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-10_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-10_72.jpg" alt="af10-10_72" width="96" height="64" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> The Sun and solar eclipses (continued)<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF10-04. Solar eclipse 11 June, 1983, Indonesia. Solar corona image covers about 4 degrees<br>
AF10-06. Annular solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China. Multi-element exposure, with 'oriental' building<br>
AF10-07. Solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China Montage of 3 telescope images, just before, at and just after max eclipse.<br>
AF10-08. Solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China Montage of 38 images with times, from first to last contact<br>
AF10-10. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico 30+ image multi-exposure. Church in foreground</font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-12_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-12_72.jpg" alt="af10-12_72" width="96" height="77" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-15_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-15_72.jpg" alt="af10-15_72" width="96" height="66" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-16_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-16_72.jpg" alt="af10-16_72" width="77" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-17_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-17_72.jpg" alt="af10-17_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF10-11. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico.<br>
Beautiful solar corona and prominence. Image about 3 degrees across<br>
AF10-12. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico. Diamond ring effect<br>
AF10-15. Solar eclipse 9 Mar, 1997. Partial eclipse seen through cloud<br>
AF10-16. Solar eclipse 9 Mar, 1997. Partial eclipse, one degree field<br>
AF10-17. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. 30+ image multi-exposure, gum tree in foreground</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-18a_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-18a_72.jpg" alt="af10-18a_72" width="95" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-18b_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-18b_72.jpg" alt="af10-18b_72" width="95" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af10-18c_72.html"><img src="preview/af10-18c_72.jpg" alt="af10-18c_72" width="95" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-02_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-02_72.jpg" alt="af11-02_72" width="86" height="95" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-04_72.jpg" alt="af11-04_72" width="96" height="69" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF10-18a. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Limb in contact, just before maximum eclipse<br>
AF10-18b. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Maximum annular eclipse<br>
AF10-18c. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Limb in contact, just after maximum eclipse<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> The Moon and lunar eclipses<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF11-02. The moon and its ashen light.<br>
AF11-04. 9-image multi-exposure sequence of a total lunar eclipse. A beauty!</font></font><br>
<br></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-07_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-07_72.jpg" alt="af11-07_72" width="95" height="72" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-08_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-08_72.jpg" alt="af11-08_72" width="76" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-10_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-10_72.jpg" alt="af11-10_72" width="96" height="92" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-22_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-22_72.jpg" alt="af11-22_72" width="96" height="95" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> The Moon and lunar eclipses (continued)<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF11-05. 3-image multi-exposure of a lunar eclipse, with the asteroid Vesta.<br>
AF11-07. 7-image multi-exposure of the lunar eclipse of 30 Dec, 1982.<br>
AF11-08. The total lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000. The eclipsed moon in Sagittarius, with the Milky Way. wide field view<br>
AF11-10. The total lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000. The bronze moon at full eclipse. 3 degree field.<br></font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-19_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-19_72.jpg" alt="af11-19_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-21_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-21_72.jpg" alt="af11-21_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-22_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-22_72.jpg" alt="af11-22_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-23_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-23_72.jpg" alt="af11-23_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-24_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-24_72.jpg" alt="af11-24_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF11-19. 26 day moon, waning crescent.<br>
AF11-21. 24 day moon, waning crescent.<br>
AF11-22. 22 day moon, last quarter.<br>
AF11-23. 19 day moon, waning gibbous.<br>
AF11-24. 17 day moon, waning gibbous.</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-32_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-32_72.jpg" alt="af11-32_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-25_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-25_72.jpg" alt="af11-25_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-27_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-27_72.jpg" alt="af11-27_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-35_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-35_72.jpg" alt="af11-35_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-28_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-28_72.jpg" alt="af11-28_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF11-32. 11 day moon, waxing gibbous.<br>
AF11-25. A few hours after full moon.<br>
AF11-27. 12 day moon, waxing gibbous.<br>
AF11-35. 9 day moon, waxing gibbous<br>
AF11-28. 7 day moon, first quarter.</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-29_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-29_72.jpg" alt="af11-29_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af11-31_72.html"><img src="preview/af11-31_72.jpg" alt="af11-31_72" width="96" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-03_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-03_72.jpg" alt="af12-03_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-04_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-04_72.jpg" alt="af12-04_72" width="64" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-11_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-11_72.jpg" alt="af12-11_72" width="95" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF11-29. 4 day moon, waxing crescent.<br>
AF11-31. 3 day moon, waxing crescent.<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF12-03. Comet Bennett, 1969Y1. 1970<br>
AF12-04. Comet West, 1975V1. (10 Mar 1976)<br>
AF12-11. Comet Wilson and supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud, 3 May, 1987</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-13_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-13_72.jpg" alt="af12-13_72" width="87" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-14_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-14_72.jpg" alt="af12-14_72" width="65" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-16_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-16_72.jpg" alt="af12-16_72" width="88" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-19_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-19_72.jpg" alt="af12-19_72" width="74" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-20_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-20_72.jpg" alt="af12-20_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets (continued)<br></font></font> <font size="2" color="#CCCCCC" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">AF12-13. Comet Swift-Tuttle, 12 Dec 1992<br>
AF12-14. Comet Hyakutake 1996 B2 Hyakutake crosses the Big Dipper, 26 Mar, 1996.<br>
Images include Coma Berenices and Arcturus<br>
AF12-16. Comet Hyakutake 1996 B2<br>
AF12-19. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (10 Mar 1997) Clear separation of the blue ion tail and dusty tail reflecting sunlight<br>
AF12-20. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (12 Mar 1997) Hale-Bopp against the northern Milky Way. Very long ion tail</font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-23_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-23_72.jpg" alt="af12-23_72" width="71" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-25_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-25_72.jpg" alt="af12-25_72" width="75" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-26_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-26_72.jpg" alt="af12-26_72" width="96" height="74" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-27_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-27_72.jpg" alt="af12-27_72" width="78" height="96" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-29_72.html"><img src="preview/af12-29_72.jpg" alt="af12-29_72" width="96" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets (continued)<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF12-23. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (1 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp aurorae and wooden house.<br>
Photographed from Canada.<br>
AF12-25. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (1 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp with fine ion and reflection tails<br>
AF12-26. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (2 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp and aurorae with trees and wintery foreground (Canada).<br>
AF12-27. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (4 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp seen from a Canadian city<br>
AF12-29. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (19 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp seen above a snow-covered mountain</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-33.html"><img src="preview/af12-33.jpg" alt="af12-33" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-34.html"><img src="preview/af12-34.jpg" alt="af12-34" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-35.html"><img src="preview/af12-35.jpg" alt="af12-35" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-36.html"><img src="preview/af12-36.jpg" alt="af12-36" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets (continued)<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF12-32. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (14 January 2007) daytime binocular view from Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-33. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (18 January 2007) daytime view, from Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-34. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-35. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-36. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.</font></font><br>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-38.html"><img src="preview/af12-38.jpg" alt="af12-38" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-39.html"><img src="preview/af12-39.jpg" alt="af12-39" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-40.html"><img src="preview/af12-40.jpg" alt="af12-40" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-41.html"><img src="preview/af12-41.jpg" alt="af12-41" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets (continued)<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF12-37. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-38. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-39. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-40. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-41. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.</font></font><br>
<br></font></font></font>
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<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-42.html"><img src="preview/af12-42.jpg" alt="af12-42" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="black" width="120" height="120"><a href="source/af12-43.html"><img src="preview/af12-43.jpg" alt="af12-43" width="96" height="76" border="0"></a></td>
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</table><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="2" color="#66CCFF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Click thumbnails above for larger image<br>
<font color="#66CCFF"> Comets (continued)<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC">AF12-42. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (1 February 2007) 85mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
AF12-43. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (1 February 2007) Landscape format, 85mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.<br>
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Akira Fujii constellations
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[DMI homepage](../index.html) | [Malin's micrographs](../micro/micro_index.html) | [Miller's twilights](../miller/miller_index.html) | [Anglo-Australian Observatory](http://www.aao.gov.au/images/index.html)
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This page shows the complete Akira Fujii/DMI collection
Below are links to the images separated into several overlapping subject areas for faster download
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[the constellations](general/af_const1.html) | [constellations, wide field](general/af_wide.html) | [Milky Way & Crux](general/af_mw.html) | [planets & stars](general/af_planets.html) | [binocular views](general/af_bino.html)
[star trails](general/af_trails.html) | [solar eclipses](general/af_sun.html) | [moon & lunar eclipses](general/af_moon.html) | [comets & aurorae](general/af_comets.html) | [Contact DMI](mailto:[email protected])
---
NEW - [Constellations outlines](general/af_const1.html) on sky photographs
A work in progress....
The images on these pages are copyright For more information please contact [David Malin Images](mailto:[email protected])
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| [af1-01_72](source/af1-01_72.html) | [af1-02_72](source/af1-02_72.html) | [af1-04_72](source/af1-04_72.html) | [af1-05_72](source/af1-05_72.html) | [af1-06_72](source/af1-06_72.html) |
Click thumbnails above for larger image
AF1-01. The Southern Cross, Carina nebula and the False Cross, from the Coal Sack to o Velorum.
Centred on the theta Carinae cluster
AF1-02. The Southern Milky Way, from the Pointers to the Carina nebula.
Centred on alpha Crucis in the Southern Cross
AF1-04. The Southern Cross, Coalsack and the Great Carina nebula. Image centred near lambda Centaurii
AF1-05. The Southern Cross and Pointers, alpha and beta Centaurii. Image centred between them.
AF1-06. From Crux to Carina, beneath the Southern Cross.
Image includes the LMC and is centred close to the south celestial pole
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AF2-01. From the Southern Cross and SMC to Orion. Includes Sirius, Canopus, Betegeuse, Rigel, to the LMC.
Centred close to pi Puppis.
AF2-02. The Milky Way, extreme wide angle, from Aquila to Carina.
Includes the Galactic Centre, Southern Cross, Antares and Jupiter
AF2-03. Same scale as AF3-02 but extends northwards from Sagittarius and Scorpius to the
Summer Triangle in Cygnus.
AF2-04. Centred on the Galactic Centre in Sagittarius. Image shows the Milky Way' 'bulge' and extends
from Carina to Cygnus, with the Zodiacal light extending from the horizon (lower left))
AF2-05. Centred on lambda and nu Scorpii, from Scutum to Circinus and Rigil Kent (alpha Cen).
Excellent image of Galactic bulge.
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AF2-07. Extreme wide angle view of the Milky Way from Scutum and Aquila to Puppis.
Includes the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.
AF2-08. Milky Way, north to Scutum and part of Aquila, centred close to M17. Galactic centre at lower right.
AF2-09. The brightest part of the Milky Way includes most of Sagittarius and some of Scutum
AF3-01. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella.
Orion, the Hyades, the Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux
AF3-02. The equatorial Milky Way.
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor. Pollux
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AF3-03. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella (portrait format, with northern horizon)
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux
AF3-04. The equatorial Milky Way, Sirius to Capella (portrait format, with western horizon)
Orion, Hyades, Pleiades, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, Capella, Castor and Pollux
AF3-05. From the Hyades to the LMC and Carina Hyades,
Orion, Canis Major, Puppis, Carina, Pictor, Dorado, Reticulum, Caelum, Lepus, Sirius and Procyon
AF3-06. Orion, Canis Major, Columba, Lepus, Caelum,
AF3-07. From the Pleiades to the SMC Pleiades, Hyades, Orion, LMC, SMC, Eridanus,
Pictor, Puppis, Reticulm, Horologium. Dorado, Aldebaran, Sirius, Rigel, Belelgeuse, Canopus, Achernar.
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AF3-08 The equatorial Milky Way east of Orion. Procyon, Betelgeuse and Sirius (landscape format)
AF3-09 The equatorial Milky Way east of Orion. Procyon, Betelgeuse and Sirius (portrait format)
AF3-11 The northern Milky Way, from Cygnus to Cassiopeia. Pleiades, Perseus, Capella, Deneb, Sadir, M31.
AF3-12 The northern Milky Way, from Cassiopeia to Capella and beyond. The Pleiades, Perseus, Capella, Deneb, M31
AF3-13 Across the Pole, Cassiopeia to Ursa Minor. Polaris, Kochab.
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AF3-14 Polaris, the Big Dipper, Arcturus and Spica
AF3-16 Polaris, the Big Dipper to Arcturus
AF3-19 The Big Dipper and northern horizon, with Lynx, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Kochab
AF3-20 The Big Dipper, western horizon The Big Dipper, Lynx, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Kochab
AF3-21 Sagittarius and the Summer Triangle. Scorpius, Scutum, Aquila, Cygnus, Lyra, Vega, Altair and Deneb
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AF3-22 The Summer Triangle, eastern horizon Vulpeca, Saggita, Vega, Altair and Deneb
AF4-01 Fomalhaut, Piscis Austrinus, Capricornus, Aquarius, Microscopium
AF4-02 Capricornius
AF4-03 From Aldebaran, Eridanus, Lepus, Fornax
AF4-04 Aquarius, Capricornius, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus
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AF4-05 Regulus, Alfard, Hydra
AF4-06 Canis Major, Sirius
AF4-07 Sagttarius, Corona Australia, Telescopium
AF4-08 Cetus, Mira, Menkar, Difda
AF4-09 Scorpius, Antares etc (similar to AF4 010)
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AF4-10 Scorpius, Antares etc (similar to AF4-09)
AF4-11 Scorpius, Sagittarius, Lupus
AF4-12 Scorpius, Norma.
AF4-13 Scorpius, Ophiuchus (slightly hazy, not good night)
AF4-14 Libra and Antares
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AF4-15 Sagittarius, Corona Australis
AF5-01 Andromeda, M31
AF5-02 (Portrait format) Andromeda, Cassiopeia, M31
AF5-03 (Landscape format) Andromeda, Cassiopeia, M31
AF5-04 Aquila, Saggita
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AF5-05 Auriga, Capella
AF5-06 Auriga, Capella, wider view than AF5-05
AF5-07 Bootes, Corona Borealis, Arcturus, Izar, Alphekka, Murphid
AF5-09 Corona Borealis
AF5-10 Corona Borealis, Bootes west
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AF5-11 Cassiopeia (landscape format)
AF5-12 Cassiopeia (portrait format)
AF5-13 Cassiopeia (landscape, deeper image)
AF5-14 Cygnus
AF5-16 Cancer, Castor, Pollux, Procyon
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AF5-17 Coma Berenices, Denbola, Cor Caroli
AF5-18 Draco, Ursa Major, big dipper
AF5-19 Delphinus, Saggita, Altair
AF5-21 Gemini, Auriga, Castor, Pollux, Alhena, Betelgeuse
AF5-22 Gemini, Auriga, Castor, Pollux, Alhena, Betelgeuse
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AF5-23 Gemini, Canis Minor, Castor, Pollux, Procyon
AF5-24 Hercules, Vega
AF5-25 Leo, Regus, Denebola
AF5-26 Lyra, Vega
AF5-27 Leo Minor, Lynx, M44
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AF5-28 Orion, Rigel, Betelgeuse
AF5-29 Perseus, Capella, M45 (Pleiades)
AF5-30 Pegasus (landscape)
AF5-32 The square of Pegasus
AF5-33 Taurus, Hyades, Pleiades, Alnath, Bellatrix (portrait)
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AF5-34. Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Big Dipper, Kochab
AF5-35. Ursa Major, Big Dipper
AF5-36. Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Big Dipper
AF5-37. (not as good as AF5-36) Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Big Dipper
AF5-38. Ursa Major (part), The Big Dipper
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AF5-39. Ursa Minor, Kochab, Polaris
AF5-40. Pagasus, Pisces, Hamal
AF5-41. The Big Dipper meets the horizon.
Ursa Major, Big Dipper, Alcor, Mizar, Alioth, Megrez, Pheka, Merak, Dubhe
The reversal of the motion of Mars, between the Hyades and Pleiades, September 3, 1990 to March 17, 1991
AF6a-01. Sep-3, 1990
AF6a-02. Sep 23, 1990
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The reversal of the motion of Mars, between the Hyades and Pleiades, September 3, 1990 to March 17, 1991 (continued)
AF6a-03. Oct 23, 1990
AF6a-05. Jan-6, 1991
Jupiter and Saturn between the Hyades and Pleiades, December 2000 Extreme wide field
AF6b-02. Dec 29, 2000 (one of a series of four)
Jupiter and Saturn between the Hyades and Pleiades, 1999-2000
AF6c-01. Nov-6, 1999
AF6c-02. Oct 31, 2000 (two of a series of three)
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Jupiter and Saturn move into Taurus, 1999-2000
AF6d-01. Nov-6, 1999
AF6d-02. Dec 29, 2000
AF6d-05. Dec 29, 2000, longer focal length
AF6d-06. Dec 29, 2000, longer still focal length
Venus among the Pleiades
AF6f-01. Venus + Pleiades, April 3
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Venus among the Pleiades
AF6f-02. Venus + Pleiades, April 6
Photographs corresponding to binocular and small telescope views
AF7-01. The Pleiades and Hyades
AF7-02. The Pleiades, binoculars
AF7-06. The Hyades, binoculars
AF7-07. M67, NGC 2682 in Cancer, telescope
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AF7-08. double cluster, h and x Per, NGC 869 and 884. telescope
AF7-09. M46, NGC 2437 in Puppis, telescope
AF7-10. M44, NGC 2632 'Praesepe' in Cancer (with Jupiter), telescope (see also AF7-33)
AF7-11. M44, NGC 2632 'Praesepe', Cancer, telescope
AF7-12. M41, NGC 2287 'Praesepe' in Canis Major
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AF7-21. The Great Carina nebula, NGC 3372, binoculars
AF7-24. M8 (NGC 6523 with NGC 6530), M20 (NGC 6514) and M23 (NGC 6494) in Sagittarius, telescope
AF9-05. Mira (o Cet) at maximum and minimum
Star trails with stationary camera
AF8-01. North celestial pole trail
AF8-03. Orion, setting trails
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AF8-05. Orion trails, 30 min exp
AF8-06. Orion trails, ~3h exp
AF8-08. Big dipper trails
Aurorae and miscellaneous wide field images
AF9-01. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC + SMC), including Comet Wilson.
AF9-02. The Zodiacal light and northern Milky Way
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Aurorae and miscellaneous wide field images (continued)
AF9-03. The Zodiacal light and northern Milky Way, with Jupiter and Venus
AF9-04. The Aurorae Borealis, with the Pleiades. Centred on Auriga-Perseus border,
with Capella the brightest star, with Tejat Prior and Tejat Posterior, divided by a planet.
AF9-05. Mira (o Cet) at maximum and minimum
The Sun and solar eclipses
AF10-02. solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1980, India 33-image multi-exposure, with palm tree.
AF10-03. solar eclipse 11 June, 1983, Indonesia Detail of prominences, and inner corona
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The Sun and solar eclipses (continued)
AF10-04. Solar eclipse 11 June, 1983, Indonesia. Solar corona image covers about 4 degrees
AF10-06. Annular solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China. Multi-element exposure, with 'oriental' building
AF10-07. Solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China Montage of 3 telescope images, just before, at and just after max eclipse.
AF10-08. Solar eclipse 23 Sept, 1987 China Montage of 38 images with times, from first to last contact
AF10-10. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico 30+ image multi-exposure. Church in foreground
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AF10-11. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico.
Beautiful solar corona and prominence. Image about 3 degrees across
AF10-12. Solar eclipse 11 July, 1991, La Paz, Mexico. Diamond ring effect
AF10-15. Solar eclipse 9 Mar, 1997. Partial eclipse seen through cloud
AF10-16. Solar eclipse 9 Mar, 1997. Partial eclipse, one degree field
AF10-17. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. 30+ image multi-exposure, gum tree in foreground
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AF10-18a. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Limb in contact, just before maximum eclipse
AF10-18b. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Maximum annular eclipse
AF10-18c. Annular solar eclipse 16 Feb, 1999, WA. Limb in contact, just after maximum eclipse
The Moon and lunar eclipses
AF11-02. The moon and its ashen light.
AF11-04. 9-image multi-exposure sequence of a total lunar eclipse. A beauty!
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The Moon and lunar eclipses (continued)
AF11-05. 3-image multi-exposure of a lunar eclipse, with the asteroid Vesta.
AF11-07. 7-image multi-exposure of the lunar eclipse of 30 Dec, 1982.
AF11-08. The total lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000. The eclipsed moon in Sagittarius, with the Milky Way. wide field view
AF11-10. The total lunar eclipse of July 16, 2000. The bronze moon at full eclipse. 3 degree field.
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AF11-19. 26 day moon, waning crescent.
AF11-21. 24 day moon, waning crescent.
AF11-22. 22 day moon, last quarter.
AF11-23. 19 day moon, waning gibbous.
AF11-24. 17 day moon, waning gibbous.
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AF11-32. 11 day moon, waxing gibbous.
AF11-25. A few hours after full moon.
AF11-27. 12 day moon, waxing gibbous.
AF11-35. 9 day moon, waxing gibbous
AF11-28. 7 day moon, first quarter.
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AF11-29. 4 day moon, waxing crescent.
AF11-31. 3 day moon, waxing crescent.
Comets
AF12-03. Comet Bennett, 1969Y1. 1970
AF12-04. Comet West, 1975V1. (10 Mar 1976)
AF12-11. Comet Wilson and supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud, 3 May, 1987
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Comets (continued)
AF12-13. Comet Swift-Tuttle, 12 Dec 1992
AF12-14. Comet Hyakutake 1996 B2 Hyakutake crosses the Big Dipper, 26 Mar, 1996.
Images include Coma Berenices and Arcturus
AF12-16. Comet Hyakutake 1996 B2
AF12-19. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (10 Mar 1997) Clear separation of the blue ion tail and dusty tail reflecting sunlight
AF12-20. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (12 Mar 1997) Hale-Bopp against the northern Milky Way. Very long ion tail
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Comets (continued)
AF12-23. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (1 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp aurorae and wooden house.
Photographed from Canada.
AF12-25. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (1 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp with fine ion and reflection tails
AF12-26. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (2 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp and aurorae with trees and wintery foreground (Canada).
AF12-27. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (4 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp seen from a Canadian city
AF12-29. Comet Hale-Bopp 1996 O1 (19 April 1997) Comet Hale-Bopp seen above a snow-covered mountain
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [af12-32](source/af12-32.html) | [af12-33](source/af12-33.html) | [af12-34](source/af12-34.html) | [af12-35](source/af12-35.html) | [af12-36](source/af12-36.html) |
Click thumbnails above for larger image
Comets (continued)
AF12-32. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (14 January 2007) daytime binocular view from Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-33. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (18 January 2007) daytime view, from Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-34. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-35. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-36. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [af12-37](source/af12-37.html) | [af12-38](source/af12-38.html) | [af12-39](source/af12-39.html) | [af12-40](source/af12-40.html) | [af12-41](source/af12-41.html) |
Click thumbnails above for larger image
Comets (continued)
AF12-37. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 35mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-38. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (19 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-39. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-40. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-41. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (20 January 2007) 20mm focal length lens at F/2, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [af12-42](source/af12-42.html) | [af12-43](source/af12-43.html) |
Click thumbnails above for larger image
Comets (continued)
AF12-42. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (1 February 2007) 85mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
AF12-43. Comet McNaught 2006 P1 (1 February 2007) Landscape format, 85mm focal length lens at F/1.8, Chiro Observatory, W. Australia.
| http://www.davidmalin.com/fujii/fujii_index.html |
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<meta name="KEYWORDS" content="Mingming, junk-rigged, Corribee, Roger Taylor, Jester Challenge, simple sailing, whales, long-finned pilot whales, voyages, articles, heavy weather.">
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<center><font color="blue"><b><font size="7">THE SIMPLE SAILOR</font></b></font></center>
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<h2>
<center><font color="blue">HOME</font></center>
</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Home</li>
<li>Read about and order my new translation of Eric Gautier's amazing
2-volume maritime novel <i>The Adventures of Laforest-Dombourg </i><a
href="https://www.laforest-dombourg.uk/index.html">HERE</a></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ee;">My book <i><a href="book6.html">Travels
Through a Window</a> </i>can be ordered <a href="book6.html">HERE</a></span></li>
<li>My book <i><a href="book5.html">Mingming II & the Impossible
Voyage</a></i> can be ordered <a href="book5.html">HERE </a></li>
<li>My book <i><a href="book4a.html">Mingming II & the Islands of
the Ice</a></i> can be ordered <a href="book4a.html">HERE </a></li>
<li>My book <i><a href="book3.HTML">Mingming & the Tonic of
Wildness</a></i> can be ordered<a href="book3.HTML"> HERE </a></li>
<li><a href="Book3.HTML">My book </a><i><a href="Book2.HTML">Mingming
& the Art of Minimal Ocean Sailing</a></i> can be
ordered <a href="Book2.HTML">HERE </a></li>
<li><a href="Book2.HTML"> My book </a><i><a href="book.html">Voyages of
a Simple Sailor</a></i> can be ordered<a href="book.html"> HERE </a></li>
<li><a href="galleries.html">Galleries for 'Voyages of a Simple Sailor'</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Mingming.html">Mingming </a></i></li>
<li><a href="voyages.html">Voyages 2006 to 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="articles.html"> Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="whales.html">Whales!</a></li>
<li><a href="storm.html">Heavy Weather</a></li>
<li><a href="photographs.html">Photograph of the Month</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html">Video Clip of the Month</a></li>
<li><a href="france.HTML">Pour mes lecteurs francophones</a></li>
<li><a href="music.HTML">Music </a></li>
<li><a href="links.html">Links</a></li>
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<table width="630">
<tbody>
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<br>
<br>
<p><font color="Blue"> Im Roger Taylor, skipper of a little
junk-rigged Corribee called <i>Mingming</i>. This is my
website. Only time will tell what it will be about, but
initially it will be about <i>Mingming</i>, her voyages and
the principles of Simple Sailing that underpin my approach
to ocean voyaging. Ill also post, from time to time, pieces
I have written about sailing issues in general. </font></p>
<p><font color="Blue">I have put Simple Sailing in capital
letters. This is to give it some importance. A title, if you
like. Sailing is becoming a sport riddled with unnecessary
complexity. This complexity is commercially driven. We are
under severe marketing pressure to buy more and more
gadgets, to buy ever bigger and more sophisticated yachts.
The more we succumb to these pressures, the happier and more
profitable the marine industry becomes.</font></p>
<p><font color="Blue">I have nothing against commerce. I am a
businessman myself. I have nothing in principle against
gadgetry. I dont much like big yachts, for lots of reasons
that will become clear as this website develops.</font></p>
<p><font color="Blue">A lifetime of sailing has taught me to
value simplicity and easy manageability in an ocean going
yacht. Thats why I think of myself as a Simple Sailor and
feel compelled to share the lessons I have learned.</font></p>
<p><font color="Blue"> The website is very much a
work-in-progress. It will never be finished. I'm learning to
do this from scratch, so it will take time. Be patient! </font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<font color="blue"><a> <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><img src="JesterPlymouth2006%20095.jpg" alt="Mingming at the start of the Jester Challenge 2006"
height="500" width="375" border="5"></a></font></center>
<font color="blue"><a><br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><i>Mingming</i> at the start of the 2006
Jester Atlantic Challenge <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center style="background-color: #66ffff;"><font color="blue"><a><img src="Website%20002.jpg"
alt="Building my first ocean cruiser Roc in the early seventies"
height="500" width="375" border="5"></a></font></center>
<font color="blue"><a><br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a>This is me building my first ocean
cruiser, the 19' <i>Roc</i>, in the early 70's <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><img src="RocJpeg%20012.jpg" alt="The finished article at New Plymouth NZ, prior to the 1974 Singlehanded Trans Tasman Race"
height="375" width="600" border="5"></a></font></center>
<font color="blue"><a><br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a>The finished article at New Plymouth NZ,
prior to the 1974 Singlehanded Trans Tasman Race. <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><img src="Website%20001.jpg" alt="Roc mid-Tasman after suffering storm damage"
height="500" width="375" border="5"></a></font></center>
<font color="blue"><a><br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><i>Roc</i> in mid-Tasman in 1974 after
heavy weather damaged the main and self steering systems <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a><img src="Website%20003.jpg" alt="At the helm of the ill-fated Endeavour II in 1971"
height="375" width="500" border="5"></a></font></center>
<font color="blue"><a><br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a>Here's me at the helm of the
ill-fated three-masted barque <i>Endeavour II</i> in 1971 <br>
<br>
</a></font>
<center><font color="blue"><a href="#top">Back to top</a> <br>
<br>
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<center><font color="blue"> All contents of this site ©
2007-2023 Roger D. Taylor. All rights reserved</font></center>
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<head> <title>Introduction to the junk-rigged Corribee
Mingming
table {text-align: justify}
body{margin-left: 2.5in:margin-right:2.5in:
**THE SIMPLE SAILOR**
##
HOME
* Home
* Read about and order my new translation of Eric Gautier's amazing
2-volume maritime novel *The Adventures of Laforest-Dombourg* [HERE](https://www.laforest-dombourg.uk/index.html)
* My book *[Travels
Through a Window](book6.html)* can be ordered [HERE](book6.html)
* My book *[Mingming II & the Impossible
Voyage](book5.html)* can be ordered [HERE](book5.html)
* My book *[Mingming II & the Islands of
the Ice](book4a.html)* can be ordered [HERE](book4a.html)
* My book *[Mingming & the Tonic of
Wildness](book3.HTML)* can be ordered [HERE](book3.HTML)
* [My book](Book3.HTML) *[Mingming
& the Art of Minimal Ocean Sailing](Book2.HTML)* can be
ordered [HERE](Book2.HTML)
* [My book](Book2.HTML) *[Voyages of
a Simple Sailor](book.html)* can be ordered [HERE](book.html)
* [Galleries for 'Voyages of a Simple Sailor'](galleries.html)
* *[Mingming](Mingming.html)*
* [Voyages 2006 to 2018](voyages.html)
* [Articles](articles.html)
* [Whales!](whales.html)
* [Heavy Weather](storm.html)
* [Photograph of the Month](photographs.html)
* [Video Clip of the Month](video.html)
* [Pour mes lecteurs francophones](france.HTML)
* [Music](music.HTML)
* [Links](links.html)
| |
| --- |
|
Im Roger Taylor, skipper of a little
junk-rigged Corribee called *Mingming*. This is my
website. Only time will tell what it will be about, but
initially it will be about *Mingming*, her voyages and
the principles of Simple Sailing that underpin my approach
to ocean voyaging. Ill also post, from time to time, pieces
I have written about sailing issues in general.
I have put Simple Sailing in capital
letters. This is to give it some importance. A title, if you
like. Sailing is becoming a sport riddled with unnecessary
complexity. This complexity is commercially driven. We are
under severe marketing pressure to buy more and more
gadgets, to buy ever bigger and more sophisticated yachts.
The more we succumb to these pressures, the happier and more
profitable the marine industry becomes.
I have nothing against commerce. I am a
businessman myself. I have nothing in principle against
gadgetry. I dont much like big yachts, for lots of reasons
that will become clear as this website develops.
A lifetime of sailing has taught me to
value simplicity and easy manageability in an ocean going
yacht. Thats why I think of myself as a Simple Sailor and
feel compelled to share the lessons I have learned.
The website is very much a
work-in-progress. It will never be finished. I'm learning to
do this from scratch, so it will take time. Be patient! |
*Mingming* at the start of the 2006
Jester Atlantic Challenge
This is me building my first ocean
cruiser, the 19' *Roc*, in the early 70's
The finished article at New Plymouth NZ,
prior to the 1974 Singlehanded Trans Tasman Race.
*Roc* in mid-Tasman in 1974 after
heavy weather damaged the main and self steering systems
Here's me at the helm of the
ill-fated three-masted barque *Endeavour II* in 1971
[Back to top](#top)
All contents of this site ©
2007-2023 Roger D. Taylor. All rights reserved
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<SMALL>(Collect the Whole Set!)</SMALL></FONT></P>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="colorzap_ani.gif" WIDTH="80%" HEIGHT="1" BORDER="0" ALT="[ani-gif colorline]"></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT color="#00FFFF"><BIG>Yes! You finally found it! The atomic-powered cyberspace home of Hollywood movie Director-Producer-Actor-Animator-Editor-Effector-Etcetera Mike Jittlov, and his legendary feature film...</BIG></FONT></P>
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H1>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H2>
<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H3>
<H4 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H4>
<H5 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H5>
<H6 ALIGN="CENTER">
<FONT color="#00FF00">The WIZARD of SPEED and TIME!</FONT></H6>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/poster/index.html"><IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/poster/jittlov_freas_poster3.jpg" WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="260" VSPACE="8" HSPACE="8" BORDER="3" ALT="[Kelly Freas Wizard Poster]"></A><BR><B>Kelly Freas Movie Posters</B><BR>from The Wizard of Speed and Time!<BR>
<BR>
<FONT COLOR="#00FF00">Just in time for that Special Day!<BR>
(Click the pic for the Mega-Pitch!)</FONT></P>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">
<A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/stars/starwars_2.gif"><IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/fotos/starwars4.gif" WIDTH="268" HEIGHT="195" VSPACE="8" HSPACE="8" BORDER="3" ALT="[Star Wars 1974]"></A><BR><B>Jittlov's Original 1974 Drawing for Star Wars</B><BR>
Unique STAR WARS Memorabilia that Pre-Dates STAR WARS!<BR>
Soon for Sale to a Reasonably Wealthy Art Collector!<BR>
<SMALL>(Click for the Big Pic)</SMALL></P>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">
<A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/fotos/startrek_cereal_big.jpg"><IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/fotos/startrek_cereal3.jpg" WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="235" VSPACE="8" HSPACE="8" BORDER="3" ALT="[The Spock Box]"></A><BR><B>Super Rare Star Trek Cereal Box</B><BR>
Not a hoax! Not a fake! Not even the Las Vegas<BR>
Star Trek Museum has the legendary Spock Box!<BR>
First 1969 Printing! Soon For Sale!<BR>
<SMALL>(Click for the Big Pic)</SMALL></P>
<BR>
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<A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/taxes/">
<IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/taxes/1040sm.gif" WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="235" VSPACE="8" HSPACE="8" BORDER="3" ALT="[Original 1040 Form]"></A><BR>
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A 1% tax?!? It's <BLINK>FREE</BLINK>!<BR>
<SMALL>(Click for the Amazing Truth!)</SMALL></P>
<!-- <IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/taxes/1040sm.gif" WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="246" -->
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<A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/disney/disney_satellite_sale.mov"><IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/fotos/disney_satellite.jpg" WIDTH="230" HEIGHT="172" VSPACE="8" HSPACE="8" BORDER="3" ALT="[Mouse Satellite]"></A><BR><B>One-of-a-kind Mickey Mouse Satellite</B><BR>
The Original Stop-Motion Animation Model<BR>
that opened the Disney Channel in 1982!<BR>
Soon for Sale!<BR>
<SMALL>(Click for the Big Pic)</SMALL></P>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="http://www.wizworld.com/poster/sparkler_ani.gif" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="28" BORDER="0" ALT="[ani-gif sparkler]"><BR><FONT COLOR="#00FF00">
"Jittlov?"<BR>
Who are you?<BR>
What IS all this?<BR>
Where is this movie?<BR>
Where's a <A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/JMassari/massari_cd.html">soundtrack</A> CD?<BR>
Do you have any logo T-shirts?<BR>
How do you make special effects?<BR>
Where are the WoSaT desktop icons?<BR>
Do you have any more free software?<BR>
Why does this look like a Christmas tree?<BR>
How did your Jittlov Font crash my computer?<BR>
How do you turn <A HREF="index_nostar.html">OFF</A> the animated background-gif?<BR>
Why do you want to leave Hollywood and go to Norway?<BR>
How come the <!--<A HREF="http://us.imdb.com/Title?Wizard+of+Speed+and+Time,+The+(1988)"> -->Internet Movie Database<!-- </A> --> gives your low-budget<BR>
movie a higher rating than megabuck Hollywood epics?<BR>
Why aren't you <A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/marry/cl_ad.html">married</A> and/or making more movies?</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">Look, I'm wondering about all that myself.<BR>
<A HREF="wizlinks.html">Check out the<BR>
WIZ-LINKS!</A><BR>
But while I'm busy learning HTML to attract the Woman of my Dreams<BR>
and relocate to a certain Scandinavian eden (for the warm part of the year),<BR>
YOU may discover some of the Startling Facts for <I>yourself</I><BR>
at these amazing international WoSaT Web Sites:</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.sff.net/people/Corgi/wizdex.htp"><B>Corgi's Wizdex</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://WoSaT.Remulak.Net"><B>Beldar Conehead's WizSite</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://home.usit.net/~f-shysa/wizard.html"><B>John Hudgens' WizSite</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.home.ch/~spaw1791/wosat.htm"><B>Falken's WizSite</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.spiteyourface.com/twiddle/wizard.htm"><B>Tim Drage's WizSite</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/newmedia/Lab_Wizard_Digital.html"><B>
NewMedia article about me by a True Wizard!</B></A></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://WoSaT.Remulak.Net/repository"><B>QuickTime Movie Trailer & Infamous Jittlov Font</B></A></P>
<BR>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT color="#00FF00"><B>Email the Wizard: </B></FONT><A HREF="comments.html">Spam-Free Portal</A><BR>
..No, wait - read the
<A HREF="http://www.wizworld.com/poster/index.html">Poster Page</A> first!!</P>
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<p><b><i><H1>Medusa in Greek Mythology</H1></i>
<b><i>compiled by Tracy Marks</i></b>
<br><b><i><font color="#000000"><font size=+1><a href="http://www.windweaver.com/as/index.htm">http://www.windweaver.com/as/index.htm</a></font></font></i></b>
<br>
<p>Medusa, originally a beautiful young woman whose crowning glory was
her magnificent long hair, was desired and courted by many suitors. Yet
before she could be betrothed to a husband, Poseidon (Neptune) found
her worshipping in the temple of Athena (Minerva) and ravished her. Athena
was outraged at her sacred temple being violated, and punished Medusa by
turning her beautiful tresses into snakes and giving her the destructive
power to turn anyone who looked directly at her into stone.
<p>In both Greek and Roman mythology, Perseus, attempting to rescue his mother
Danae from the coercive King Polydectes, needed to embark on the dangerous
venture of retrieving Medusa's head. With the help of Athena and Hermes
- magic winged sandals, a cap, a pouch and a mirror-like shield, he fought
her and beheaded her by viewing her image in the mirror of his shield rather
than looking at her directly. From her decapitated head sprang the winged
horse Pegasus and the giant Chrysaor, who became king of Iberia. Medusa's
sisters, the Gorgons, chased after him, but were unable to catch him because
his magic cap made him invisible.
<p>Perseus was then able to use Medusa's head as a weapon during other
battles (which included rescuing Andromeda), but he eventually returned
it to Athena, who then placed it at the center of her Aegis as a symbol
of her power, and her own capacity to turn her enemies into stone.
<p>Historically, before ancient Greece, Medusa was worshipped by the Libyan
Amazons as a Serpent -Goddess, and associated with the destroyer aspect
<i>Anath</i> (also known as <i>Athene</i>) of the Triple Goddess in North
Africa and Crete. The name<i> Medusa</i> (<i>Medha</i> in Sanscrit, <i>Metis</i>
in Greek and <i>Maat</i> in Egyptian) means "sovereign female wisdom."
This <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/finALp.html">online
Medusa paper</a> discusses the Libyan and Near Eastern conceptions of Medusa.
<p>Some scholars believe that the Greek and Roman Medusa myth, as told
by Ovid, expresses the vanquishing of the great goddess religions as the
male gods Zeus/Jupiter and Poseidon/Neptune gained power. Others view it
as expressive of the subjugation of women's bodies and enslavement of their
spirit by a violent and oppressive male-oriented culture, which viewed
Medusa's life-giving, creative, primal energy as threatening.
<p>Psychoanalytic interpretations of the Medusa myth focus upon Medusa's
snake-like hair representing bleeding female genitals, and the frightening
power of the wounded (perhaps "castrated"), devouring mother over
the fragile male psyche. Seeking his own manhood, the son must conquer
his early identification with his mother and his regressive tendency to
submit to maternal power and be swallowed up again by the womb. In order
to avoid being symbolically castrated himself, and to be capable of mature
sexual relations with a woman, he must first "behead" the mother archetype.
Only then is he free to express his own power as a man, to form an equal
partnership with a woman, and to eventually be helper to his own mother.
<p>In "For the Love Of Medusa" (Psychoanalytic Review, vol.62, no.1, 1975)
Richard Geha wrote: <i>"The murder of Medusa expresses the son's re-enactment
of the crimes of the primal scene by chopping off the head representing
the genitals of the once phallic mother. He exhibits the frightening power
taken from a dead and castrated mother and redeems the endangered mother
.... Perseus went to a lot of trouble to kill a woman and rob her of her
terror. But was all necessary before he could look upon the nude and bejeweled
body of a woman and carry off his own mother....Now she and her son can
travel together where they will."</i>
<p>Apart from the Medusa story focused Poseidon's rape, other versions
of Medusa legends exist. Consider this brief statement byApollonius: [1:161]
<i>"But it is alleged by some that Medusa was beheaded for Athena's sake;
and they say that the Gorgon was fain to match herself with the goddess
even in beauty."</i> This same version is echoed by Bullfinch: <i>"She
was once a beautiful maiden whose hair was her chief glory but as she dared
to vie in beauty with Minerva (Athena), the goddess deprived her of her
charms and changed her beautiful ringlets into hissing serpents." </i>
<p>Finally, two very different pictures of Medusa and her fate were portrayed
by Pausanian in his <i>Description of Greece</i>:
<p><i>[2.21.5] "In the market-place of Argos is a mound of earth, in which
they say lies the head of the Gorgon Medusa.... After the death of her
father, Phorcus, she reigned over those living around Lake Tritonis, going
out hunting and leading the Libyans to battle. On one such occasion, when
she was encamped with an army over against the forces of Perseus, who was
followed by picked troops from the Peloponnesus, she was assassinated by
night. Perseus, admiring her beauty even in death, cut off her head and
carried it to show the Greeks. </i>
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<p><i>[2.21.6] But Procles, the son of Eucrates, a Carthaginian, thought
a different account more plausible than the preceding. It is as follows.
Among the incredible monsters to be found in the Libyan desert are wild
men and wild women. Procles affirmed that he had seen a man from them who
had been brought to Rome. So he guessed that a woman wandered from them,
reached Lake Tritonis, and harried the neighbours until Perseus killed
her; Athena was supposed to have helped him in this exploit, because the
people who live around Lake Tritonis are sacred to her."</i>
<p>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<p /><H1>from Ovid, Metamorphoses</H1>
<br><b><font size=+1>book 4:1181-95</font></b>
<p><b><i>from Thomas More translation</i></b>
<br>Beyond all others she
<br>was famed for beauty, and the envious hope
<br>of many suitors. Words would fail to tell
<br>the glory of her hair, most wonderful
<br>of all her charms--A friend declared to me
<br>he saw its lovely splendour. Fame declares
<br>the Sovereign of the Sea attained her love
<br>in chaste Minerva's temple. While enraged
<br>she turned her head away and held her shield
<br>before her eyes. To punish that great crime
<br>Minerva changed the Gorgon's splendid hair
<br>to serpents horrible. And now to strike
<br>her foes with fear, she wears upon her breast
<br>those awful vipers--creatures of her rage.
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i>from Dryden translation</i></b>
<br>Medusa once had charms; to gain her love
<br>A rival crowd of envious lovers strove.
<br>They, who have seen her, own, they ne'er did trace
<br>More moving features in a sweeter face.
<br>Yet above all, her length of hair, they own,
<br>In golden ringlets wav'd, and graceful shone.
<br>Her Neptune saw, and with such beauties fir'd,
<br>Resolv'd to compass, what his soul desir'd.
<br>In chaste Minerva's fane, he, lustful, stay'd,
<br>And seiz'd, and rifled the young, blushing maid.
<br>The bashful Goddess turn'd her eyes away,
<br>Nor durst such bold impurity survey;
<br>But on the ravish'd virgin vengeance takes,
<br>Her shining hair is chang'd to hissing snakes.
<br>These in her Aegis Pallas joys to bear,
<br>The hissing snakes her foes more sure ensnare,
<br>Than they did lovers once, when shining hair.
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i>from Mandelbaum translation</i></b>
<br>Medusa was astonishingly fair;
<br>she was desired and contended for -
<br>so many jealous suitors hoped to win her.
<br>Her form was graced by many splendors, yet
<br>there was no other beauty she possessed
<br>that cold surpass the splendor of her hair -
<br>and this I learned from one who said he'd seen her.
<br>Her beauty led the Ruler of the Sea
<br>To rape her in Minerva's sanctuary
<br>(so goes the tale). Jove's daughter turned aside
<br>chaste eyes: the goddess hid her face behind
<br>her aegis - but she made Medusa pay:
<br>she changed that Gorgon's hair to horrid snakes.
<br>And to this day, Minerva, to dismay
<br>and terrify her foes, wears on her breast
<br>the very snakes that she herself had set -
<br>as punishment - upon Medusa's head.
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i>from Humphries translation</i></b>
<br>She was a very lovely one, the hope of many
<br>An envious suitor, and of all her beauties
<br>Her hair most beautiful - at least I heard so
<br>From one who claimed he had seen her. One day Neptune
<br>Found her and raped her, in Minerva's temple,
<br>And the goddess turned away, and hid her eyes
<br>Behind her shield, and punishing the outrage
<br>As it deserved, she changed her hair to serpents,
<br>And even now, to frighten evil doers,
<br>She carries on her breastplate metal vipers
<br>To serve as awful warning of her vengeance.
<br>
<p>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i><font size=+2>from The Muse as Medusa </font></i></b>
<br><b><i><font size=+2>by May Sarton </font></i></b>
<p>FIRST STANZA
<br>I saw you once, Medusa; we were alone.
<br>I looked you straight in the cold eye, cold.
<br>I was not punished, was not turned to stone -
<br>How to believe the legends I am told?...
<p>SEVENTH STANZA
<br>I turn your face around! It is my face.
<br>That frozen rage is what I must explore -
<br>Oh secret, self-enclosed, and ravaged place!
<br>This is the gift I thank Medusa for.
<p>copyright 1978 from Invocations and Mythologies
<br>in Collected Poems of May Sarton
<br>
<p>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i><font size=+2>Medusa and Perseus Links</font></i></b>
<p>Greek Myth Link Medusa
<br><a href="http://www.maicar.com/GML/Medusa1.html">http://www.maicar.com/GML/Medusa1.html</a>
<br>*Paper on Medusa
<br><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/finALp.html">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/finALp.html </a>
<br>The Gorgon Medusa
<br><font size=-1><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/engindex?lookup=medusa">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/engindex?lookup=medusa</a></font>
<br><font size=-1><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=encyclopedia+medusa&word=medusa">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=encyclopedia+medusa&word=medusa</a></font>
<br>Apollodorus: Perseus and Medusa
<br><font size=-1><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=apollod.+2.4.3">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=apollod.+2.4.3</a></font>
<br>Perseus page
* <br><a href="http://www.maicar.com/GML/Perseus1.html">http://www.maicar.com/GML/Perseus1.html</a>
<br>Bullfinch Perseus
<br><a href="http://www.showgate.com/shownet/medea/bulfinch/bull15.html">http://www.showgate.com/shownet/medea/bulfinch/bull15.html</a>
<br>
<br>
<p><b><i><font size=+2>Perseus and Medusa Images</font></i></b>
<br><font size=-1><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1993.01.0639&type=vase">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1993.01.0639&type=vase</a></font>
<br><font size=-1><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1991.09.0612&type=site">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1991.09.0612&type=site</a></font>
<br><a href="http://jblstatue.com/pages/medusa_gorgon.html">http://jblstatue.com/pages/medusa_gorgon.html </a>
<br><a href="http://jblstatue.com/pictures/f_medusa_gorgon.jpg">http://jblstatue.com/pictures/f_medusa_gorgon.jpg </a>
<br>
<p>
<hr><BR><BR>
<p><b><i><font size=+1><a href="ovid.htm">Ovid Metamorphosis Links</a>
<a href="ovidtrans.htm">Ovid Translations</a></font></i></b>
<br><b><i><font size=+1><a href="phaethon.htm">Phaethon</a>
and <a href="phaethtrans.htm">Phaethon translations</a></font></i></b>
<br><b><i><font size=+1><a href="themis.htm">Themis (Deucalion and Pyrrha)</a></font></i></b>
<br><b><i><font size=+1><a href="ovidchat1.htm">Ovid Chat Transcripts </a></font></i></b>
<br><br><font size=+1>BACK TO Torrey's (Tracy Marks') <a href="http://www.windweaver.com/as/index.htm">
Greek Mythology Site</a>
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<p><b>This page is copyright 1999, 2006 by Tracy Marks</b>
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Medusa - Greek Mythology, Greek Goddesses from Metamorphoses by Ovid Tracy Marks
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***Medusa in Greek Mythology*
***compiled by Tracy Marks***
***<http://www.windweaver.com/as/index.htm>***
Medusa, originally a beautiful young woman whose crowning glory was
her magnificent long hair, was desired and courted by many suitors. Yet
before she could be betrothed to a husband, Poseidon (Neptune) found
her worshipping in the temple of Athena (Minerva) and ravished her. Athena
was outraged at her sacred temple being violated, and punished Medusa by
turning her beautiful tresses into snakes and giving her the destructive
power to turn anyone who looked directly at her into stone.
In both Greek and Roman mythology, Perseus, attempting to rescue his mother
Danae from the coercive King Polydectes, needed to embark on the dangerous
venture of retrieving Medusa's head. With the help of Athena and Hermes
- magic winged sandals, a cap, a pouch and a mirror-like shield, he fought
her and beheaded her by viewing her image in the mirror of his shield rather
than looking at her directly. From her decapitated head sprang the winged
horse Pegasus and the giant Chrysaor, who became king of Iberia. Medusa's
sisters, the Gorgons, chased after him, but were unable to catch him because
his magic cap made him invisible.
Perseus was then able to use Medusa's head as a weapon during other
battles (which included rescuing Andromeda), but he eventually returned
it to Athena, who then placed it at the center of her Aegis as a symbol
of her power, and her own capacity to turn her enemies into stone.
Historically, before ancient Greece, Medusa was worshipped by the Libyan
Amazons as a Serpent -Goddess, and associated with the destroyer aspect
*Anath* (also known as *Athene*) of the Triple Goddess in North
Africa and Crete. The name *Medusa* (*Medha* in Sanscrit, *Metis*
in Greek and *Maat* in Egyptian) means "sovereign female wisdom."
This [online
Medusa paper](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/finALp.html) discusses the Libyan and Near Eastern conceptions of Medusa.
Some scholars believe that the Greek and Roman Medusa myth, as told
by Ovid, expresses the vanquishing of the great goddess religions as the
male gods Zeus/Jupiter and Poseidon/Neptune gained power. Others view it
as expressive of the subjugation of women's bodies and enslavement of their
spirit by a violent and oppressive male-oriented culture, which viewed
Medusa's life-giving, creative, primal energy as threatening.
Psychoanalytic interpretations of the Medusa myth focus upon Medusa's
snake-like hair representing bleeding female genitals, and the frightening
power of the wounded (perhaps "castrated"), devouring mother over
the fragile male psyche. Seeking his own manhood, the son must conquer
his early identification with his mother and his regressive tendency to
submit to maternal power and be swallowed up again by the womb. In order
to avoid being symbolically castrated himself, and to be capable of mature
sexual relations with a woman, he must first "behead" the mother archetype.
Only then is he free to express his own power as a man, to form an equal
partnership with a woman, and to eventually be helper to his own mother.
In "For the Love Of Medusa" (Psychoanalytic Review, vol.62, no.1, 1975)
Richard Geha wrote: *"The murder of Medusa expresses the son's re-enactment
of the crimes of the primal scene by chopping off the head representing
the genitals of the once phallic mother. He exhibits the frightening power
taken from a dead and castrated mother and redeems the endangered mother
.... Perseus went to a lot of trouble to kill a woman and rob her of her
terror. But was all necessary before he could look upon the nude and bejeweled
body of a woman and carry off his own mother....Now she and her son can
travel together where they will."*
Apart from the Medusa story focused Poseidon's rape, other versions
of Medusa legends exist. Consider this brief statement byApollonius: [1:161]
*"But it is alleged by some that Medusa was beheaded for Athena's sake;
and they say that the Gorgon was fain to match herself with the goddess
even in beauty."* This same version is echoed by Bullfinch: *"She
was once a beautiful maiden whose hair was her chief glory but as she dared
to vie in beauty with Minerva (Athena), the goddess deprived her of her
charms and changed her beautiful ringlets into hissing serpents."*
Finally, two very different pictures of Medusa and her fate were portrayed
by Pausanian in his *Description of Greece*:
*[2.21.5] "In the market-place of Argos is a mound of earth, in which
they say lies the head of the Gorgon Medusa.... After the death of her
father, Phorcus, she reigned over those living around Lake Tritonis, going
out hunting and leading the Libyans to battle. On one such occasion, when
she was encamped with an army over against the forces of Perseus, who was
followed by picked troops from the Peloponnesus, she was assassinated by
night. Perseus, admiring her beauty even in death, cut off her head and
carried it to show the Greeks.*
*[2.21.6] But Procles, the son of Eucrates, a Carthaginian, thought
a different account more plausible than the preceding. It is as follows.
Among the incredible monsters to be found in the Libyan desert are wild
men and wild women. Procles affirmed that he had seen a man from them who
had been brought to Rome. So he guessed that a woman wandered from them,
reached Lake Tritonis, and harried the neighbours until Perseus killed
her; Athena was supposed to have helped him in this exploit, because the
people who live around Lake Tritonis are sacred to her."*
---
from Ovid, Metamorphoses
**book 4:1181-95**
***from Thomas More translation***
Beyond all others she
was famed for beauty, and the envious hope
of many suitors. Words would fail to tell
the glory of her hair, most wonderful
of all her charms--A friend declared to me
he saw its lovely splendour. Fame declares
the Sovereign of the Sea attained her love
in chaste Minerva's temple. While enraged
she turned her head away and held her shield
before her eyes. To punish that great crime
Minerva changed the Gorgon's splendid hair
to serpents horrible. And now to strike
her foes with fear, she wears upon her breast
those awful vipers--creatures of her rage.
***from Dryden translation***
Medusa once had charms; to gain her love
A rival crowd of envious lovers strove.
They, who have seen her, own, they ne'er did trace
More moving features in a sweeter face.
Yet above all, her length of hair, they own,
In golden ringlets wav'd, and graceful shone.
Her Neptune saw, and with such beauties fir'd,
Resolv'd to compass, what his soul desir'd.
In chaste Minerva's fane, he, lustful, stay'd,
And seiz'd, and rifled the young, blushing maid.
The bashful Goddess turn'd her eyes away,
Nor durst such bold impurity survey;
But on the ravish'd virgin vengeance takes,
Her shining hair is chang'd to hissing snakes.
These in her Aegis Pallas joys to bear,
The hissing snakes her foes more sure ensnare,
Than they did lovers once, when shining hair.
***from Mandelbaum translation***
Medusa was astonishingly fair;
she was desired and contended for -
so many jealous suitors hoped to win her.
Her form was graced by many splendors, yet
there was no other beauty she possessed
that cold surpass the splendor of her hair -
and this I learned from one who said he'd seen her.
Her beauty led the Ruler of the Sea
To rape her in Minerva's sanctuary
(so goes the tale). Jove's daughter turned aside
chaste eyes: the goddess hid her face behind
her aegis - but she made Medusa pay:
she changed that Gorgon's hair to horrid snakes.
And to this day, Minerva, to dismay
and terrify her foes, wears on her breast
the very snakes that she herself had set -
as punishment - upon Medusa's head.
***from Humphries translation***
She was a very lovely one, the hope of many
An envious suitor, and of all her beauties
Her hair most beautiful - at least I heard so
From one who claimed he had seen her. One day Neptune
Found her and raped her, in Minerva's temple,
And the goddess turned away, and hid her eyes
Behind her shield, and punishing the outrage
As it deserved, she changed her hair to serpents,
And even now, to frighten evil doers,
She carries on her breastplate metal vipers
To serve as awful warning of her vengeance.
---
***from The Muse as Medusa***
***by May Sarton***
FIRST STANZA
I saw you once, Medusa; we were alone.
I looked you straight in the cold eye, cold.
I was not punished, was not turned to stone -
How to believe the legends I am told?...
SEVENTH STANZA
I turn your face around! It is my face.
That frozen rage is what I must explore -
Oh secret, self-enclosed, and ravaged place!
This is the gift I thank Medusa for.
copyright 1978 from Invocations and Mythologies
in Collected Poems of May Sarton
---
***Medusa and Perseus Links***
Greek Myth Link Medusa
<http://www.maicar.com/GML/Medusa1.html>
\*Paper on Medusa
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/finALp.html>
The Gorgon Medusa
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/engindex?lookup=medusa>
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=encyclopedia+medusa&word=medusa>
Apollodorus: Perseus and Medusa
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=apollod.+2.4.3>
Perseus page
\* <http://www.maicar.com/GML/Perseus1.html>
Bullfinch Perseus
<http://www.showgate.com/shownet/medea/bulfinch/bull15.html>
***Perseus and Medusa Images***
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1993.01.0639&type=vase>
<http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1991.09.0612&type=site>
<http://jblstatue.com/pages/medusa_gorgon.html>
<http://jblstatue.com/pictures/f_medusa_gorgon.jpg>
---
***[Ovid Metamorphosis Links](ovid.htm)
[Ovid Translations](ovidtrans.htm)***
***[Phaethon](phaethon.htm)
and [Phaethon translations](phaethtrans.htm)***
***[Themis (Deucalion and Pyrrha)](themis.htm)***
***[Ovid Chat Transcripts](ovidchat1.htm)***
BACK TO Torrey's (Tracy Marks') [Greek Mythology Site](http://www.windweaver.com/as/index.htm)
**This page is copyright 1999, 2006 by Tracy Marks**
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<img src="Minivas2.jpg" width=220 height=120 title="Vasi at work"><em><strong><span> Porta Pinciana </span><br>
(Vasi at work in the <a href="Aev4.htm">Grand View of Rome</a>)</em>
<p><p class="stacco">
Links to this page can be found in <a href="Book1.html">Book
1</a>, <a href="Mapa2.html">Map A2</a>, <a href="Day2.htm">Day 2</a>, <a href="Ricolonn.html">Rione Colonna</a> and <a href="Ricampom.html">Rione Campo Marzio</a>.<p class="stacco">
The page covers: <br>
<a href="#The Plate">The plate by Giuseppe Vasi</a>
<br><a href="#Today">Today's view</a>
<br><a href="#The Gate">Porta Pinciana</a>
<br><a href="#Medici">Gate of Villa Medici</a>
<br><a href="#The walls between Porta Pinciana and Porta">The
Walls between Porta Pinciana and Porta Salaria</a>
<p class="stacco"><a NAME="The Plate"></a><h4>The Plate (No. 2)</h4>
<p>
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02.jpg" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" title="The Plate showing Porta Pinciana" height=486 width=730>
<p class="stacco">In 1747, when Giuseppe Vasi published this etching, Porta Pinciana, one of the minor gates of Rome, was kept open only to allow access to <a href="Vasi187.html#Public">Villa Borghese</a> and some other suburban villas. In 1808, after the Borghese had enlarged their property by buying neighbouring estates, a <a href="Vasi01.htm#Villa Borghese">new entrance to their villa was opened near Porta del Popolo</a> and Porta Pinciana was closed. <br>The ancient Romans called this area <i>Collis Hortulorum</i> (Garden Hill) with reference to its many <em>horti</em>, large houses surrounded by gardens, e.g. <a href="Vasi03.htm#Horti"><em>Horti Sallustiani</em></a>; the gate and the <a href="Vasi188.html#Pincio">hill</a> were named after a mansion belonging to the Pincii family in the IVth century AD (you may wish to see a <a href="Vasi02f9.jpg" target="-">Renaissance imaginary reconstruction of the area - it opens in another window</a>). <br>
The view is taken from the green dot in the small 1748 map here below: the numbers indicate: 1) Porta Pinciana;
2) (lost) gate of Vigna Ascani, one the estates which were bought by the Borghese; 3) gate of <a href="Vasi188.html#The Plate">Villa Medici</a>. The dotted line in the small map delineates the border between Rione Campo Marzio (left) and Rione Colonna (right). It runs along Via di Porta Pinciana, at the time the only street leading to the gate.
<p class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02sm.jpg" title="Small images" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=232 width=414>
<p class="stacco">
<a NAME="Today"></a><h4>Today</h4>
<p class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f1.jpg" title="The view today" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=420 width=730>
<em><h2>(left) The view in June 2009; (right) the view towards Villa Medici from a terrace outside the gate</em></h2>
<p class="stacco">
The gate is in much better shape today than at Vasi's time. It was reopened in 1887 when a <a href="Vasi189.htm#Today">new quarter</a> was developed in the area of former Villa Ludovisi. During the XXth century the opening of large roads along the walls and across Villa Borghese and
of underground parking facilities outside Porta Pinciana greatly increased the importance of the gate (the traffic flows through modern openings). <P class="stacco">
<a NAME="The Gate"></a><h4>Porta Pinciana</h4>
<P class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f2.jpg" title="The gate seen from Via di Porta Pinciana" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=420 width=730>
<em><h2>(left) The gate seen from Via di Porta Pinciana; (right-above) Latin cross on the internal side;
(right-middle) Greek cross on the external side; (right-below) an "apotropaic" (averting bad luck) bump (more about these bumps and the cross in a page covering <a href="Vasi10.htm#apotropaic">Porta S. Sebastiano</a>)</em></h2>
<p class="stacco">
Porta Pinciana was the starting point of <i>Salaria Vetus</i>, the old route of <a href="Roads.html#Salaria">Via Salaria</a> which joined the new road
(departing from <a href="Vasi03.htm#The Plate">Porta Salaria</a>) near <a href="Vasi190.htm#Tomba">Mausoleo di Lucilio Peto</a>.
When <a href="Storia10.html#Gallienus">Emperor Aurelian</a> built the walls in 275 AD, Porta Pinciana was just a <i>posterula</i>, a small opening;
it was enlarged by <a href="Storia12.html#Honorius">Emperor Honorius</a> in 402 and strengthened by <a href="Storia13.html#War">Belisarius</a>, the
Byzantine general who conquered Rome in 536.<br>The gate was also known as <i>Porta Belisaria</i>, because of a (lost) medieval inscription
saying <i>Date obolum Belisario</i> (give alms to Belisarius). According to a medieval legend, Belisarius fell into disgrace and Emperor Justinian
ordered him to be blinded and all his possessions to be confiscated; the great general spent his last years as a beggar at Porta Pinciana
(you may wish to see a <a href="Vasi02f8.jpg" target="-">painting by Jacques-Louis David - it opens in another window</a>).
<p class="stacco"><a NAME="thiasos"></a>
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f7.jpg" title="Sarcophagus" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=360 width=730>
<em><h2><a href="Musei.html#22">Musei Capitolini</A>: sarcophagus found outside Porta Pinciana in 1928</em></h2><p class="stacco">
During the IInd century AD the request for highly decorated sarcophagi was so high that they were not made to order, but they were manufactured in workshops near marble quarries and then shipped to resellers in the main cities of the Empire. The portrait of the dead inside a <em>clipeus</em> (round shield) was left unfinished so that it could be retouched to depict the actual person for whom the sarcophagus was bought. A <em>thiasos</em>, a retinue of drunken satyrs and maenads (female followers of Dionysus), was a popular subject for the decoration of sarcophagi. That shown above was decorated with a <em>sea thiasos</em> in which tritons and sea nymphs replaced satyrs and maenads. You may wish to see some <em>thiasos</em> in a <a href="Sarcophagi.html#thiasos">page covering the manufacturing of sarcophagi</a> and two very similar ones at <a href="Vasi119.htm#thiasos">S. Grisogono</a> and at <a href="Tipasa3.html#thiasos">Tipasa in Algeria</a>.
<p class="stacco">
<a NAME="Medici"></a><h4>Gate of Villa Medici</h4>
<P class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f5.jpg" title="The gate" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=400 width=730>
<em><h2>(left) The gate; (right) inscriptions above the niches; they were dictated by Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici who became <a href="Piazza.html#statue">Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1587</a>; the following is a rough translation: (above) Guest, now that you have reached these gardens on the summit of "Collis Hortulorum", where you may walk at your pleasure, be aware that the host opens them to all his friends; (below) Guest, now that you are in these gardens,
which Ferdinando de Medici ordered with great expense, enjoy their view and rejoice, without desiring anything more </em></h2>
<p class="stacco">
Villa Medici has a very decorated <a href="Vasi188.html#Today">inner façade</a> and a rather plain <a href="Vasi188.html#external">outer façade</a>. The reason behind it is that
when it was built, the villa was accessed through a gate near Porta Pinciana leading to its inner façade.
The gate has a typical Florentine appearance with large <a href="Glossary.html#bugnato"><em>bugnato</em></a> stones.
<p class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f6.jpg" title="Guarding lions" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" height=400 width=730>
<em><h2>(left and right) Guarding lions in "cages" inside the gate (more <a href="Recolle.html">about these lions</a>);
(centre) alley leading to Villa Medici (see <a href="Vasi188.html#Niobe">where it ended</a>); (inset) Medici coat of arms on the wall along Via di Porta Pinciana</a></em></h2>
<p class="stacco">
<a NAME="The Walls between Porta Pinciana and Porta"></a><h4>The Walls between Porta Pinciana and <a href="Vasi03.htm">Porta Salaria</a></h4>
<p class="stacco">
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f4.jpg" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" title="A section of the walls showing towers and ancillary buildings" height=400 width=730>
<em><h2>A section of the walls showing towers and ancillary buildings</em></h2>
<p class="stacco">The 1960 Summer Olympic Games were held in Rome and for the occasion a number of initiatives were taken to reduce traffic congestion. A new road (Viale del Muro Torto/Corso d'Italia) with many underpasses was opened along the northern part of the walls from near <a href="Vasi01.htm#The Walls between Porta del Popolo and Porta">Porta del Popolo</a> to <a href="Vasi05a.htm#Today">Viale del Castro Pretorio</a>.
<p class="stacco"><a name="Tomb"></a>
<img class="displayed" SRC="Vasi02f3.jpg" style="border:5px solid DarkGoldenRod" title="Reconstructed tomb" height=440 width=730>
<em><h2>(left) Reassembled tomb; (centre-above) a <a href="Glossary.html#bucranium"><em>bucranium</em></a> from the cornice of the tomb; (centre-below) coat of arms of <a href="Storia21.html#Julius">Pope Julius III</A> on a short section of the walls he restored;
(right) a Fiat 500 F, an iconic Italian car of the 1960s (also in the image chosen as background for this page) and a tower which was turned into a house</em></h2>
<p class="stacco">Excavations for the new road unearthed a small Roman
funerary monument which was reassembled between two towers. Some of the towers were modified in order to be used as houses or studios for painters. Parked in front of
one of them a red Fiat 500 shines in the sun: in the 1960s this car was the dream of every Italian teenager. <a href="Vasi189.htm#Images of the Past">Other images of the walls</a> can be seen in the page covering Villa Ludovisi.<p class="stacco">
Next plate in Book 1: <a href="Vasi03.htm#The Plate">Porta Salaria</a>.<br>
Next step in Day 2 itinerary: <a href="Vasi03.htm#The Plate">Porta Salaria</a>.
<br>Next step in your tour of Rione Colonna: <a href="Vasi188.html#The Plate">Villa Medici</a>.
<br>Next step in your tour of Rione Campo Marzio: <a href="Vasi146.htm#Palazzo della Regina di Polonia">Palazzo della Regina di Polonia</a>.
<p class="stacco">Excerpts from Giuseppe Vasi 1761 Itinerary related to this page:
<p class="stacco">
<table class="center"><tbody><tr><td><em>
<h6><a href="#The Gate">Porta Pinciana</a></h6><h5>
Il magnifico palazzo di Pincio Senatore Romano, che quì presso era, dette facilmente
il nome al colle, ed alla porta insieme, la quale essendo stata spogliata de' suoi
ornamenti di marmo da Teodorico Re de' Goti, rimane ancora nella sua umiltà. </h5></em></td></tr></tbody></table>
<br>
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<a href="Roads.html"><img src="Miniroad.jpg" width=220 height=120 title="Roads of Rome"></a><a href="Umbereco.html"><img src="Minihist.jpg"
width=220 height=120 title="Abridged History of Rome"></a><a href="Rome.htm"><img src="Minirome.jpg" width=220 height=120 title="Ancient Rome"></a><h2>See you at another page of this website!</h2></p></div></div></body>
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Porta Pinciana
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# *Rome in the Footsteps of an XVIIIth Century Traveller*
* [About this Website](#)
+ [Home](index.html)
+ [About & Feedback](Romeartlover.html)
+ [Hall of Fame](Hallfame.html)
+ [Bibliography](Biblio.html)
+ [Glossary](Glossary.html)* [Vasi's Roman Views](#)
+ [Rome in 10 Books](Books.html)
+ [View of Rome](View.htm)
+ [Map of Rome](Map.html)
+ [Other Views](#)
- [Roman Forum](Vasigrs1.html)
- [The Vatican](Vasigrs4.html)
- [Aventine Hill](Vasigrs2.html)
- [S. Maria Maggiore](Vasigrs3.html)* [Other Pages on Rome](#)
+ [1852 Map of Rome](Newmap.html)
+ [Abridged History](Umbereco.html)
+ [Days of Peace](Daypeace.html)
+ [Baroque Sculpture](Sculture.html)
+ [Others](#)
- [1588 Guide](SistoV1.html)
- [1905 Sketches](Pisa2.html)
- [F. Juvarra](Juvarra.html)
- [B. Pinelli](Pinelli2.html)* [Directories](#)
+ [Coats of Arms](cataloga.html)
+ [Monuments by type](#)
- [Churches](Churches.html)
- [Fountains](Fountain.html)
- [Obelisks](Obelisks.html)
- [Palaces](Palaces.html)
- [Others](Webindex.html)
+ [by location (Rioni)](Rioni.html)
+ [by hist. periods](#)
- [Antiquity](Rome.htm)
- [Middle Ages](Mages.htm)
- [Renaissance](Rena.htm)
- [Mannerism](Manne.htm)
- [Baroque](Facades.html)
+ [Others](#)
- [Families](Families.html)
- [Museums](Musei.html)- [Hist. Roman Roads](Roads.html)
- [Streets](Streets.html)
- [Travels in Italy](#)
* [Environs of Rome](Digression.html)
* [Latium](Lazio.html)
* [Umbria](Umbria.html)
* [the Marches](Marche.html)
* [Others](Italia.html)- [Travels Abroad](#)
* [Greece](Greekmap.html)
* [Syria](Syriamap.html)
* [Turkey](Turkemap.html)
* [Others](#)
+ [Jordan](Jordan.html)
+ [Israel](Holyland.html)
+ [Tunisia](Tunisia.html)
+ [Vienna](Vieimper.html)
+ [Others](Fuoriroma.html#Abroad)
**[](index.html)
All images © by [Roberto Piperno](Romeartlover.html), owner of the domain.
Write to [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]).
[](New.htm)
[](superind.html)
Notes:Page revised in May 2020.**
***Porta Pinciana
(Vasi at work in the [Grand View of Rome](Aev4.htm))***
Links to this page can be found in [Book
1](Book1.html), [Map A2](Mapa2.html), [Day 2](Day2.htm), [Rione Colonna](Ricolonn.html) and [Rione Campo Marzio](Ricampom.html).
The page covers:
[The plate by Giuseppe Vasi](#The Plate)
[Today's view](#Today)
[Porta Pinciana](#The Gate)
[Gate of Villa Medici](#Medici)
[The
Walls between Porta Pinciana and Porta Salaria](#The walls between Porta Pinciana and Porta)
#### The Plate (No. 2)
In 1747, when Giuseppe Vasi published this etching, Porta Pinciana, one of the minor gates of Rome, was kept open only to allow access to [Villa Borghese](Vasi187.html#Public) and some other suburban villas. In 1808, after the Borghese had enlarged their property by buying neighbouring estates, a [new entrance to their villa was opened near Porta del Popolo](Vasi01.htm#Villa Borghese) and Porta Pinciana was closed.
The ancient Romans called this area *Collis Hortulorum* (Garden Hill) with reference to its many *horti*, large houses surrounded by gardens, e.g. [*Horti Sallustiani*](Vasi03.htm#Horti); the gate and the [hill](Vasi188.html#Pincio) were named after a mansion belonging to the Pincii family in the IVth century AD (you may wish to see a [Renaissance imaginary reconstruction of the area - it opens in another window](Vasi02f9.jpg)).
The view is taken from the green dot in the small 1748 map here below: the numbers indicate: 1) Porta Pinciana;
2) (lost) gate of Vigna Ascani, one the estates which were bought by the Borghese; 3) gate of [Villa Medici](Vasi188.html#The Plate). The dotted line in the small map delineates the border between Rione Campo Marzio (left) and Rione Colonna (right). It runs along Via di Porta Pinciana, at the time the only street leading to the gate.
#### Today
*## (left) The view in June 2009; (right) the view towards Villa Medici from a terrace outside the gate*
The gate is in much better shape today than at Vasi's time. It was reopened in 1887 when a [new quarter](Vasi189.htm#Today) was developed in the area of former Villa Ludovisi. During the XXth century the opening of large roads along the walls and across Villa Borghese and
of underground parking facilities outside Porta Pinciana greatly increased the importance of the gate (the traffic flows through modern openings).
#### Porta Pinciana
*## (left) The gate seen from Via di Porta Pinciana; (right-above) Latin cross on the internal side;
(right-middle) Greek cross on the external side; (right-below) an "apotropaic" (averting bad luck) bump (more about these bumps and the cross in a page covering [Porta S. Sebastiano](Vasi10.htm#apotropaic))*
Porta Pinciana was the starting point of *Salaria Vetus*, the old route of [Via Salaria](Roads.html#Salaria) which joined the new road
(departing from [Porta Salaria](Vasi03.htm#The Plate)) near [Mausoleo di Lucilio Peto](Vasi190.htm#Tomba).
When [Emperor Aurelian](Storia10.html#Gallienus) built the walls in 275 AD, Porta Pinciana was just a *posterula*, a small opening;
it was enlarged by [Emperor Honorius](Storia12.html#Honorius) in 402 and strengthened by [Belisarius](Storia13.html#War), the
Byzantine general who conquered Rome in 536.
The gate was also known as *Porta Belisaria*, because of a (lost) medieval inscription
saying *Date obolum Belisario* (give alms to Belisarius). According to a medieval legend, Belisarius fell into disgrace and Emperor Justinian
ordered him to be blinded and all his possessions to be confiscated; the great general spent his last years as a beggar at Porta Pinciana
(you may wish to see a [painting by Jacques-Louis David - it opens in another window](Vasi02f8.jpg)).
*## [Musei Capitolini](Musei.html#22): sarcophagus found outside Porta Pinciana in 1928*
During the IInd century AD the request for highly decorated sarcophagi was so high that they were not made to order, but they were manufactured in workshops near marble quarries and then shipped to resellers in the main cities of the Empire. The portrait of the dead inside a *clipeus* (round shield) was left unfinished so that it could be retouched to depict the actual person for whom the sarcophagus was bought. A *thiasos*, a retinue of drunken satyrs and maenads (female followers of Dionysus), was a popular subject for the decoration of sarcophagi. That shown above was decorated with a *sea thiasos* in which tritons and sea nymphs replaced satyrs and maenads. You may wish to see some *thiasos* in a [page covering the manufacturing of sarcophagi](Sarcophagi.html#thiasos) and two very similar ones at [S. Grisogono](Vasi119.htm#thiasos) and at [Tipasa in Algeria](Tipasa3.html#thiasos).
#### Gate of Villa Medici
*## (left) The gate; (right) inscriptions above the niches; they were dictated by Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici who became [Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1587](Piazza.html#statue); the following is a rough translation: (above) Guest, now that you have reached these gardens on the summit of "Collis Hortulorum", where you may walk at your pleasure, be aware that the host opens them to all his friends; (below) Guest, now that you are in these gardens,
which Ferdinando de Medici ordered with great expense, enjoy their view and rejoice, without desiring anything more*
Villa Medici has a very decorated [inner façade](Vasi188.html#Today) and a rather plain [outer façade](Vasi188.html#external). The reason behind it is that
when it was built, the villa was accessed through a gate near Porta Pinciana leading to its inner façade.
The gate has a typical Florentine appearance with large [*bugnato*](Glossary.html#bugnato) stones.
*## (left and right) Guarding lions in "cages" inside the gate (more [about these lions](Recolle.html));
(centre) alley leading to Villa Medici (see [where it ended](Vasi188.html#Niobe)); (inset) Medici coat of arms on the wall along Via di Porta Pinciana*
#### The Walls between Porta Pinciana and [Porta Salaria](Vasi03.htm)
*## A section of the walls showing towers and ancillary buildings*
The 1960 Summer Olympic Games were held in Rome and for the occasion a number of initiatives were taken to reduce traffic congestion. A new road (Viale del Muro Torto/Corso d'Italia) with many underpasses was opened along the northern part of the walls from near [Porta del Popolo](Vasi01.htm#The Walls between Porta del Popolo and Porta) to [Viale del Castro Pretorio](Vasi05a.htm#Today).
*## (left) Reassembled tomb; (centre-above) a [*bucranium*](Glossary.html#bucranium) from the cornice of the tomb; (centre-below) coat of arms of [Pope Julius III](Storia21.html#Julius) on a short section of the walls he restored;
(right) a Fiat 500 F, an iconic Italian car of the 1960s (also in the image chosen as background for this page) and a tower which was turned into a house*
Excavations for the new road unearthed a small Roman
funerary monument which was reassembled between two towers. Some of the towers were modified in order to be used as houses or studios for painters. Parked in front of
one of them a red Fiat 500 shines in the sun: in the 1960s this car was the dream of every Italian teenager. [Other images of the walls](Vasi189.htm#Images of the Past) can be seen in the page covering Villa Ludovisi.
Next plate in Book 1: [Porta Salaria](Vasi03.htm#The Plate).
Next step in Day 2 itinerary: [Porta Salaria](Vasi03.htm#The Plate).
Next step in your tour of Rione Colonna: [Villa Medici](Vasi188.html#The Plate).
Next step in your tour of Rione Campo Marzio: [Palazzo della Regina di Polonia](Vasi146.htm#Palazzo della Regina di Polonia).
Excerpts from Giuseppe Vasi 1761 Itinerary related to this page:
| |
| --- |
| *[Porta Pinciana](#The Gate)
Il magnifico palazzo di Pincio Senatore Romano, che quì presso era, dette facilmente
il nome al colle, ed alla porta insieme, la quale essendo stata spogliata de' suoi
ornamenti di marmo da Teodorico Re de' Goti, rimane ancora nella sua umiltà.* |
## Other pages/sections which might be of interest to you:
[](Roads.html)[](Umbereco.html)[](Rome.htm)## See you at another page of this website!
| http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi02.htm |
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last updated: 03/08/2019
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FOR THE BIRDS!!!
</TITLE>
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Birding, gardening, wildflower guide, copyediting, RVing, butterflies, Coarsegold wildflower photos">
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Homepage of Sharon Nixon, with subpages featuring wildflower identification guide for central California, bird & butterfly list, gardening, family, friends, Park Sierra, Oak Creek ">
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<P align="center">
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<P align="center">
<b>
<font face="Arial" size="4">
FOR THE BIRDS!!
</font>
</b>
<P align="center">
<img border="0" src="BirdMom2016.png" width="395" height="425"><P align="center">
<b>
<img SRC="bar.gif" width="615" height="3">
<P ALIGN="center">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2">
Revised 1-29--17</font><div align="left"> <P ALIGN="left">
<IMG ALIGN="left" VSPACE="6" HSPACE="9" SRC="humming_birds_hovering.gif" WIDTH="120" HEIGHT="90" ALT="Hummingbird">
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">
Welcome to
my collection of interests. My home base is in the Sierra
Nevada foothills
midway between Fresno,
California, and Yosemite National Park.
In March 2006, I moved to <A HREF="oakcreek.html">Oak Creek</A>, a
manufactured-home park in Coarsegold, California. It's only 5 miles from our former home, a fifth-wheel trailer in an Escapees co-op RV park called
<A HREF="parksierra.html">Park Sierra.</A> I still have a
few ties to Park Sierra friends, but my life has changed
considerably in the last few years. I joined a group of gals
here who like to practice line dancing twice a week, and play bunco
once a month.<p>
<A HREF="birding.html">Birding</A>
was my passion for 25 years, but less than wonderful
vision and hearing eventually led me down a slightly different
path: identifying and photographing Sierra wildflowers,
which has been a major task of mine for the last several years
and a great joy. The nice thing about wildflowers is that
they stay relatively still! The bad thing is that there are so
many of them that they can be very difficult to identify.
I have no training, so I learn the hard way. Eventually, I
got hearing aids, and after cataract surgeries I can see much
better (without glasses yet!). Still, my hard-core birding
days are past.<p>
My online Wildflower Identification Guide
features photos of Sierra foothills
plants found at an elevation between 1,200 and 2,200 feet in the
Coarsegold area.
I add new species
and better photographs each year, and humbly
correct past mistakes as I learn more. People
often contact me for identifications,
requests to use my photos, or simply to
thank me for the guide, which is the best
pay in the world. If you are searching
for a wildflower, click on
<a href="wildflowerindex.html" style="text-decoration: blink">WILDFLOWER INDEX</a>
to get started.
<p>
I have a great interest in
<A HREF="gardening.html">Gardening</A>, particularly roses,
both tea and miniature. This fall, I dug up all the tea roses. I'm
tired of fighting the deer. Although they will eat the miniatures I grow
in pots, they don't like them nearly as well. A few years ago, I began a wildflower plot
in the common area behind the house. It's slow work getting wildflowers started and
keeping weeds out, but I
enjoy trying.
<P>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">
My
<A HREF="family.html">Family</A>
page has a gallery of photos, and
I try to add new ones from time to time. The
collection on my
<A HREF="friends.html">Friends</A>
page includes a few of my four-footed pals.
</font>
<P>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">
If you'd like to see some critter photos, check out my
<A HREF="wildlife.html">Wildlife</A>
page. I've included a small butterfly list for the area, and
I've added lots of bugs. Caution: I know very little about
insects, so you may find misidentifications.</font><P>
I'm not
<A HREF="ontheroad.html"> On The Road</A> in an RV any more, but I
travel quite a bit, going on at least one cruise a year as well as
shorter trips in this country. I
miss RVing, but I feel very fortunate to be able to see new things
while I'm physically able.
<P>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2">
I no longer copyedit for a living, but
occasionally someone needs an editor for a privately published
book. I edited nonfiction books as a
freelancer for many years, even on the road. Therefore, on the <A HREF="copyediting.html">Copyediting</A>
page I've included a few things to prove that old editors never
diethey're too busy revising the wording for their tombstones.
<p>
A few books I've edited in the last several years are <i>Live Again, Die Again</i> and its sequel <i>Live Again, Love Again</i> by Nila J. Gott. These novels, set in both modern and Civil War times, offer a can't-put-it-down read.
Nila's latest work of fiction is a prequel to that series
titled <i>Dream Again.</i> A favorite of mine is
<i>"RVers: How Do They Live Like That?" (Answers For Those Who Wonder)</i>
by Judy Farrow and Lou Stoetzer. I also enjoyed editing the late Rex Goulding's delightful
<i>So You Want To Be An Airline Pilot.</i>
</font>
<P>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">
I've added a
<A HREF="crafts.html">Crafts page,</A>
which features one of my crafty interests—Dutch embroidered cards.
I haven't done any cards in two years now, because I've replaced
that time with a new passion: genealogy. One of these
days I'll make a page for it. </font>I've come to it rather
late, but anyone who enjoys a good mystery novel will understand the
thrill of the hunt for ancestors. I'm not looking for famous
people; I simply want to know more about those who came before me. The best part is
finding many "cousins" also engaged in family research. You
may have seen the TV series "Who Do You Think You Are?" sponsored by Ancestry.com. I built my tree using Ancestry.com, and any information I can gather will be my legacy to younger family
members who may someday inquire as I did. Oh, how I regret not
asking my elders more questions! If any family or friends wish
to view my tree, I would be happy to issue an invitation.<P>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2">
If any of these topics interest you, follow these page links.
<i>
Then come back and sign my
guestbook (bottom of page)!
</i>
</font>
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<a HREF="index.html"><img SRC="buttonhome.gif" ALT="Home" BORDER="0" width="150" height="30"></a>
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<a HREF="parksierra.html"><img SRC="buttonparksierra.gif" ALT="Park Sierra" BORDER="0" width="150" height="30"></a>
<p>
<VSPACE="10">
<a HREF="family.html"><img SRC="buttonfamily.gif" ALT="Family" BORDER="0" width="150" height="30"></a>
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<p>
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<P>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica" size="2">
<B>
Sharon L. Nixon
<BR>
Coarsegold, CA
</B>
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<p align="center">
This website was created with Arachnophilia
<br>
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<br>
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FOR THE BIRDS!!!
**FOR THE BIRDS!!**
**
Revised 1-29--17
Welcome to
my collection of interests. My home base is in the Sierra
Nevada foothills
midway between Fresno,
California, and Yosemite National Park.
In March 2006, I moved to [Oak Creek](oakcreek.html), a
manufactured-home park in Coarsegold, California. It's only 5 miles from our former home, a fifth-wheel trailer in an Escapees co-op RV park called
[Park Sierra.](parksierra.html) I still have a
few ties to Park Sierra friends, but my life has changed
considerably in the last few years. I joined a group of gals
here who like to practice line dancing twice a week, and play bunco
once a month.
[Birding](birding.html)
was my passion for 25 years, but less than wonderful
vision and hearing eventually led me down a slightly different
path: identifying and photographing Sierra wildflowers,
which has been a major task of mine for the last several years
and a great joy. The nice thing about wildflowers is that
they stay relatively still! The bad thing is that there are so
many of them that they can be very difficult to identify.
I have no training, so I learn the hard way. Eventually, I
got hearing aids, and after cataract surgeries I can see much
better (without glasses yet!). Still, my hard-core birding
days are past.
My online Wildflower Identification Guide
features photos of Sierra foothills
plants found at an elevation between 1,200 and 2,200 feet in the
Coarsegold area.
I add new species
and better photographs each year, and humbly
correct past mistakes as I learn more. People
often contact me for identifications,
requests to use my photos, or simply to
thank me for the guide, which is the best
pay in the world. If you are searching
for a wildflower, click on
[WILDFLOWER INDEX](wildflowerindex.html)
to get started.
I have a great interest in
[Gardening](gardening.html), particularly roses,
both tea and miniature. This fall, I dug up all the tea roses. I'm
tired of fighting the deer. Although they will eat the miniatures I grow
in pots, they don't like them nearly as well. A few years ago, I began a wildflower plot
in the common area behind the house. It's slow work getting wildflowers started and
keeping weeds out, but I
enjoy trying.
My
[Family](family.html)
page has a gallery of photos, and
I try to add new ones from time to time. The
collection on my
[Friends](friends.html)
page includes a few of my four-footed pals.
If you'd like to see some critter photos, check out my
[Wildlife](wildlife.html)
page. I've included a small butterfly list for the area, and
I've added lots of bugs. Caution: I know very little about
insects, so you may find misidentifications.
I'm not
[On The Road](ontheroad.html) in an RV any more, but I
travel quite a bit, going on at least one cruise a year as well as
shorter trips in this country. I
miss RVing, but I feel very fortunate to be able to see new things
while I'm physically able.
I no longer copyedit for a living, but
occasionally someone needs an editor for a privately published
book. I edited nonfiction books as a
freelancer for many years, even on the road. Therefore, on the [Copyediting](copyediting.html)
page I've included a few things to prove that old editors never
diethey're too busy revising the wording for their tombstones.
A few books I've edited in the last several years are *Live Again, Die Again* and its sequel *Live Again, Love Again* by Nila J. Gott. These novels, set in both modern and Civil War times, offer a can't-put-it-down read.
Nila's latest work of fiction is a prequel to that series
titled *Dream Again.* A favorite of mine is
*"RVers: How Do They Live Like That?" (Answers For Those Who Wonder)*
by Judy Farrow and Lou Stoetzer. I also enjoyed editing the late Rex Goulding's delightful
*So You Want To Be An Airline Pilot.*
I've added a
[Crafts page,](crafts.html)
which features one of my crafty interests—Dutch embroidered cards.
I haven't done any cards in two years now, because I've replaced
that time with a new passion: genealogy. One of these
days I'll make a page for it. I've come to it rather
late, but anyone who enjoys a good mystery novel will understand the
thrill of the hunt for ancestors. I'm not looking for famous
people; I simply want to know more about those who came before me. The best part is
finding many "cousins" also engaged in family research. You
may have seen the TV series "Who Do You Think You Are?" sponsored by Ancestry.com. I built my tree using Ancestry.com, and any information I can gather will be my legacy to younger family
members who may someday inquire as I did. Oh, how I regret not
asking my elders more questions! If any family or friends wish
to view my tree, I would be happy to issue an invitation.
If any of these topics interest you, follow these page links.
*Then come back and sign my
guestbook (bottom of page)!***
[](index.html)
[](oakcreek.html)
[](parksierra.html)
[](family.html)
[](friends.html)
[](birding.html)
[](gardening.html)
[](wildflowersorange.html)
[](wildlife.html)
[](ontheroad.html)
[](copyediting.html)
[](crafts.html)
**Sharon L. Nixon
Coarsegold, CA**
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(2) converting 8" floppies from a hospital in Canada in order to save pictures from a scanner;
<br>
(3) doing a system restore for the German financial police, so they could nick a big-time tax evader;
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The Mediaconversion specialists
No, this is not what you should do when you cannot read for media!
Our speciality is the conversion of magnetic media which you need to handle, but are not supported
(anymore) by your system, possibly followed by data
manipulation ([character set conversion](http://www.farumdata.dk/chconv.html),
[Record Reformatting](http://www.farumdata.dk/recref.html) and/or
[Validation](http://www.farumdata.dk/validate.html),
).
Typical examples include
- preparing mailing lists based on mainframe files,
- reading old back-ups, e.g. after a "request" from the Tax people,
- conversion of 9-track open-reel tapes,
- dissecting datafiles in order to extract relevant information, analysing this data and convert it
to spreadsheet(s)
Our conversion software is not limited to the handling of magnetic media; it is in fact a
generalized software meant to massage data into a shape you can handle.
If you need to read a file with a wrong layout, e.g. wrong date layout, wrong representation of a numeric field
or whatever, it is very easy to correct this.
Some of the special jobs we have done at the
[Servicebureau](servicebureau.html) include :
(1) reading about 70 tapes from an old Census in the former French West-Africa;
(2) converting 8" floppies from a hospital in Canada in order to save pictures from a scanner;
(3) doing a system restore for the German financial police, so they could nick a big-time tax evader;
(4) assisting customs and tax authorities in numerous VAT scams
(5) assisting a German local authority in analysing data from two partial backups in order to
get a more-or-less working system
---
| |
| --- |
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| [Contact](kontakt.html) |
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| [Servicebureau (upd. 2014.07.25)](servicebureau.html) |
(c) 2014, Nico de Jong,
Orehoved Stationsvej 19, 4840 Nørre Alslev. Tlf 57 64 39 52 / 40 83 07
20
[Forside](http://www.farumdata.dk)
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<li><a href="recipe/spaghetti-allamatriciana.html">Spaghetti all'Amatriciana</a></li>
<li><a href="recipe/hash-browns.html">Hash Browns</a></li>
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Vegan Recipes
# Vegan Recipes
Home |
[Contribute](contribute.html)
---
## Dishes
* [Hokkaido Pumpkin Soup](recipe/hokkaido-pumpkin-soup.html)
* [Spaghetti all'Amatriciana](recipe/spaghetti-allamatriciana.html)
* [Hash Browns](recipe/hash-browns.html)
* [Bean Burger](recipe/bean-burger.html)
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<p align="left">Welcome to HistoryOfWar.org. We aim to make our site your first call for information on any aspect of military history. If we don't have what you want, then <a href="contact.html">contact us directly</a></p>
<p>
Currently we have 7,448 articles, 10,334 pictures, 423 maps, 958 unit histories, 2,126 book reviews and over 6,259,500 words in original articles. We don't just cover the best known conflicts, although we do have good coverage of the First and Second World Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the American Civil War. </p>
<div class="sidepicture">
<p><b>Recent Image (<a href="recent_pictures.html">go to updates</a>) </b><a href="Pictures/pictures_USS_Kansas_BB21_charles_j_badger.html" title="Captain Charles J Badger, USS Kansas (BB-21)"> <img src="icons2/USS_Kansas_BB21_charles_j_badger.jpg" alt="Captain Charles J Badger, USS Kansas (BB-21)" width="150" height="93" border="2" align="absmiddle"> <br>
Captain Charles J Badger, USS <em>Kansas </em>(BB-21)</a><br>
last update <br>
23 December 2023 </p>
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<p>Check our <a href="recentframe.html" title="recent articles on military history">recent articles page</a> (27 December 2023) to see what we are doing at the moment. </p>
<p>Our section of <a href="new_books.html">reviews of new book releases</a> was last updated on 10 December 2023 </p>
<hr>
<p><a href="articles/weapons_USS_Swanson_DD433.html">USS <em>Swanson </em>(DD-433)</a> was a Gleaves class destroyer that served on convoy escort duties, and took part in Operation Torch and the invasion of Sicily before moving to the Pacific in 1944 where she took part in the fighting in western New Guinea, the Philippines, including the battle of Leyte Gulf, then served on patrol duties between Iwo Jima and Saipan. </p>
<hr>
<p>We now have a <a href="secondworldwar/date/index.html">day-by-day history of the Second World War</a>, covering the 2,214 days of the war from the German invasion of Poland on <a href="secondworldwar/date/1939_09_01.html">1 September 1939</a> to the Japanese surrender in Hong Kong on <a href="secondworldwar/date/1945_09_16.html">16 September 1945</a> (two weeks after the surrender in Tokyo Bay), and currently containing 5,308 individual facts. </p>
<p>Our 1,000th book review is <a href="bookpage/emden_teenage_tommy.html">Teenage Tommy: Memoirs of a Cavalryman in the First World War, ed. Richard van Emden</a>, a young cavalryman who was present when the BEF fired its first shots of the First World War and was still at the front, with the cavalry, at the end of the war. </p>
<p>Our 7,000 article looks at the Acorn class destroyer <a href="articles/weapons_HMS_Staunch_1910.html">HMS <em>Staunch </em>(1910)</a>, sunk by <em>UC-38</em> in 1917 off the coast of Palestine. Our 6,000th article looks at the <a href="articles/battles_leipzig_16_october.html">first day of the battle of Leipzig (16 October 1813)</a>, Napoleon's best chance to actually win the battle. Our 5,000th article is a biography of <a href="articles/people_foix_gaston_de.html">Gaston de Foix, Duke of Nemours (1489-1512)</a>, a daring French commander of the Italian Wars who was killed at the battle of Ravenna. Our 4,000th article looks at the <a href="articles/wars_great_peloponnesian_war.html">Great Peloponnesian War of 431-404 BC</a>. Our 3,000th article looks at the <a href="articles/battles_truillas.html">battle of Truillas (22 September 1793)</a>, a Spanish victory early in the War of the First Coalition. Our 2,000th article is a look at the German battlecruiser <a href="articles/weapons_SMS_Von_der_Tann.html"><em>Von der Tann</em></a>, part of our recent focus on the First World War. Our 1,000th article, on the <a href="articles/weapons_spitfire_mkXII.html">Supermarine Spitfire Mk XII</a> came during our War in the Air themed month in 2007. Our 1,000th aircraft was the <a href="articles/weapons_supermarine_spiteful.html">Supermarine Spiteful</a>. </p>
<p>Our six millionth word comes in an article on the <a href="articles/battles_clastidium.html">battle of Clastidium (222 BC)</a>. Our five millionth word comes in a look at the <a href="articles/weapons_ordnance_7_2in_howitzer_6.html">7.2in Howitzer Mk 6</a>. Our four millionth word comes in a biography of <a href="articles/people_ney.html">Marshal Ney</a>, Napoleon's bravest marshal. Our three millionth word comes in a biography of the Sicilian Tyrant <a href="articles/people_hippocrates_of_gela.html">Hippocrates of Gela</a>. Our two millionth word came in our biography of the Roman general <a href="articles/people_aquillius_manius_2.html">Manius Aquillius (died 89/88 B.C.)</a>, our 1000th battle was the <a href="articles/battles_rivoli.html">battle of Rivoli of 14 January 1797</a>, our 500th military aircraft, the <a href="articles/weapons_kawasaki_ki-48.html">Kawasaki Ki-48 Army Type 99 Twin-engined Light Bomber (Lily)</a> and our 500th article on the Napoleonic Wars, a biography of <a href="articles/people_bianchi_v_f.html">General Freidrich Bianchi</a>. Our 2000th article on the Second World War was a look at the <a href="articles/weapons_heavy_assault_tank_A33_excelsior.html">Heavy Assault Tank A33 (Excelsior)</a>. </p>
<p>In 2006-2007 we ran a series of themed months, on the <a href="napoleon/index.html">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <a href="americancivilwar/index.html">American Civil War</a> and <a href="air/index.html">War in the Air</a> in which we created subject home pages which bring together all of the information we have on those subjects. We also have a subject home page on the <a href="secondworldwar/index.html">Second World War</a>. </p>
<h4 align="center">In 2006 two of our authors walked <a href="wall_walk.html">Hadrian's Wall for the Perthes Disease Association</a></h4>
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<title>OSB. Rule of Benedict. Text, English. Table of Contents</title>
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<p align="center"><a href="../../osbsitemap.html">The Order of Saint Benedict</a></p>
<h2 align="center">The <a href="../">Rule of Benedict</a><br /></h2>
<p align="center"><em>Regula Benedicti</em> (RB)<br /></p>
<h3 align="center">Arranged by <a href="#toc">Chapter Titles</a></h3>
<p class="caption" align="center"><a href="../show.asp?mode=today">Read Today's Passage</a></p>
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<p class="block" align="center"><strong>"We wish this rule to be read often in the
community,<br />
so that none can offer the excuse of ignorance"</strong> (<cite>RB</cite>
66, 8).</p>
</td>
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<blockquote>
<p class="block"><small>Today, women monastics outnumber men by more than two to one. Thus, the even-numbered
chapters below have been adapted for a women's community. The odd-numbered
chapters are for a men's community such as Saint Benedict would have known.
Mr. J. Frank Henderson edits a website that provides information about the
history, dissemination and use of the <a href="../../aba/rb/feminine/index.htm" name="rbfem">Rule
of Benedict adapted for and by women</a>. Several contemporary scholarly and
literary translations of the Rule into English exist, but the <a href="#doyle">Leonard
Doyle translation</a> used here is familiar to generations of US and other
English-speaking monastics from its widespread and long term use in refectories
and chapter rooms.</small>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a id="toc"></a> <br /></p>
<h3>The Rule of Benedict</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="rbejms1.html#pro">The Prologue</a>
</li><li>Chapter 1: <a href="rbejms1.html#1">On the Kinds of Monks</a>
</li><li>Chapter 2: <a href="rbejms1.html#2">What Kind of Person the Abbess Ought to Be</a>
</li><li>Chapter 3: <a href="rbejms2.html#3">On Calling the Brethren for
Counsel</a>
</li><li>Chapter 4: <a href="rbejms2.html#4">What Are the Instruments of Good
Works</a>
</li><li>Chapter 5: <a href="rbejms3.html#5">On Obedience</a>
</li><li>Chapter 6: <a href="rbejms3.html#6">On the Spirit of Silence</a>
</li><li>Chapter 7: <a href="rbejms3.html#7">On Humility</a>
</li><li>Chapter 8: <a href="rbefjo1.html#chap8">On the Divine Office During
the Night</a>
</li><li>Chapter 9: <a href="rbefjo2.html#9">How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at
the Night</a>
</li><li>Chapter 10: <a href="rbefjo2.html#10">How the Night Office Is to Be
Said in Summer Time</a>
</li><li>Chapter 11: <a href="rbefjo2.html#11">How the Night Office Is to Be
Said on Sundays</a>
</li><li>Chapter 12: <a href="rbefjo2.html#12">How the Morning Office is to Be
Said</a>
</li><li>Chapter 13: <a href="rbefjo2.html#13">How the Morning Office to Be
Said on Weekdays</a>
</li><li>Chapter 14: <a href="rbefjo2.html#14">How the Night Office Is to Be
Said on the Feasts of the Saints</a>
</li><li>Chapter 15: <a href="rbefjo2.html#15">At What Times "Alleluia" Is to Be
Said</a>
</li><li>Chapter 16: <a href="rbefjo2.html#16">How the Work of God Is to Be
Performed During the Day</a>
</li><li>Chapter 17: <a href="rbefjo2.html#17">How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at
These Hours</a>
</li><li>Chapter 18: <a href="rbefjo3.html#18">In What Order the Psalms Are to Be
Said</a>
</li><li>Chapter 19: <a href="rbefjo3.html#19">On the Manner of Saying the Divine
Office</a>
</li><li>Chapter 20: <a href="rbefjo3.html#20">On Reverence in Prayer</a>
</li><li>Chapter 21: <a href="rbefjo3.html#21">On the Deans of the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 22: <a href="rbefjo3.html#22">How They Are to Sleep</a>
</li><li>Chapter 23: <a href="rbefjo3.html#23">On Excommunication for Faults</a>
</li><li>Chapter 24: <a href="rbemjo1.html#24">What the Measure of Excommunication
Should Be</a>
</li><li>Chapter 25: <a href="rbemjo1.html#25">On Weightier Faults</a>
</li><li>Chapter 26: <a href="rbemjo1.html#26">On Those Who Without an Order
Associate With the Excommunicated</a>
</li><li>Chapter 27: <a href="rbemjo1.html#27">How Solicitous the Abbot Should Be
for the Excommunicated</a>
</li><li>Chapter 28: <a href="rbemjo1.html#28">On Those Who Will Not Amend
After Repeated Corrections</a>
</li>
<li>Chapter 29: <a href="rbemjo1.html#29">Whether Brothers Who Leave the
Monastery Should Be Received Again</a>
</li>
<li>Chapter 30: <a href="rbemjo1.html#30">How Boys Are to Be Corrected</a>
</li><li>Chapter 31: <a href="rbemjo1.html#31">What Kind of Man the Cellarer of the
Monastery Should Be</a>
</li><li>Chapter 32: <a href="rbemjo1.html#32">On the Tools and Property of the
Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 33: <a href="rbemjo1.html#33">Whether Monks Ought to Have
Anything of Their Own</a>
</li><li>Chapter 34: <a href="rbemjo1.html#34">Whether All Should Receive in Equal
Measure What Is Necessary</a>
</li><li>Chapter 35: <a href="rbemjo1.html#35">On the Weekly Servers in the
Kitchen</a>
</li><li>Chapter 36: <a href="rbemjo1.html#36">On the Sick</a>
</li><li>Chapter 37: <a href="rbemjo2.html#37">On Old Men and Children</a>
</li><li>Chapter 38: <a href="rbemjo2.html#38">On the Weekly Reader</a>
</li><li>Chapter 39: <a href="rbemjo2.html#39">On the Measure of Food</a>
</li><li>Chapter 40: <a href="rbemjo2.html#40">On the Measure of Drink</a>
</li><li>Chapter 41: <a href="rbemjo2.html#41">At What Hours the Meals Should Be Taken</a>
</li><li>Chapter 42: <a href="rbemjo2.html#42">That No One Speak After Compline</a>
</li><li>Chapter 43: <a href="rbemjo2.html#43">On Those Who Come Late to the
Work of God or to Table</a>
</li><li>Chapter 44: <a href="rbemjo3.html#44">How the Excommunicated Are to make
Satisfaction</a>
</li><li>Chapter 45: <a href="rbemjo3.html#45">On Those Who Make Mistakes in the
Oratory</a>
</li><li>Chapter 46: <a href="rbemjo3.html#46">On Those Who Fail in Any Other
Matters</a>
</li><li>Chapter 47: <a href="rbemjo3.html#47">On Giving the Signal for the Time of
the Work of God</a>
</li><li>Chapter 48: <a href="rbemjo3.html#48">On the Daily Manual Labor</a>
</li><li>Chapter 49: <a href="rbemjo3.html#49">On the Observance of Lent</a>
</li><li>Chapter 50: <a href="rbeaad1.html#50">On Those Who Are Working Far
From the Oratory or Are on a Journey</a>
</li><li>Chapter 51: <a href="rbeaad1.html#51">On Brethren Who Go Not Very Far
Away</a>
</li><li>Chapter 52: <a href="rbeaad1.html#52">On the Oratory of the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 53: <a href="rbeaad1.html#53">On the Reception of Guests</a>
</li><li>Chapter 54: <a href="rbeaad1.html#54">Whether Monastics Should Receive
Letters or Anything Else</a>
</li><li>Chapter 55: <a href="rbeaad1.html#55">On the Clothes and Shoes of the
Brethren</a>
</li><li>Chapter 56: <a href="rbeaad1.html#56">On the Abbess's Table</a>
</li><li>Chapter 57: <a href="rbeaad1.html#57">On the Artisans of the
Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 58: <a href="rbeaad2.html#58">On the Manner of Receiving
Sisters</a>
</li><li>Chapter 59: <a href="rbeaad2.html#59">On the Sons of Nobles and of the
Poor Who Are Offered</a>
</li><li>Chapter 60: <a href="rbeaad2.html#60">On Priests Who May Wish to Live in
the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 61: <a href="rbeaad2.html#61">How Pilgrim Monks Are to Be
Received</a>
</li><li>Chapter 62: <a href="rbeaad2.html#62">On the Priests of the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 63: <a href="rbeaad2.html#63">On the Order of the Community</a>
</li><li>Chapter 64: <a href="rbeaad2.html#64">On Constituting an Abbess</a>
</li><li>Chapter 65: <a href="rbeaad3.html#65">On the Prior of the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 66: <a href="rbeaad3.html#66">On the Porters of the Monastery</a>
</li><li>Chapter 67: <a href="rbeaad3.html#67">On Brethren Who Are Sent on a
Journey</a>
</li><li>Chapter 68: <a href="rbeaad3.html#68">If a Sister is Commanded to Do
Impossible Things</a>
</li><li>Chapter 69: <a href="rbeaad3.html#69">That the Monks Presume Not to Defend
One Another</a>
</li><li>Chapter 70: <a href="rbeaad3.html#70">That No One Venture to Punish at
Random</a>
</li><li>Chapter 71: <a href="rbeaad3.html#71">That the Brethren Be Obedient to
One Another</a>
</li><li>Chapter 72: <a href="rbeaad3.html#72">On the Good Zeal Which They Ought to
Have</a></li>
<li>Chapter 73: <a href="rbeaad3.html#73">On the Fact That the Full
Observance of Justice Is Not Established in This Rule</a></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<hr>
<p class="block">Selections above from <cite><a name="doyle">Saint Benedict's Rule for Monasteries</a></cite>, translated from the Latin by Leonard J. Doyle OblSB, of
<a href="http://www.saintjohnsabbey.org/">Saint John's Abbey</a>, <small>(© Copyright
1948, 2001, by the Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, MN 56321)</small>. Adapted for use here with the division
into sense lines of the first edition that was republished in 2001 to mark the 75th anniversary of
<a href="http://www.litpress.org/">Liturgical Press</a>.
Doyle's translation is available in both <small><a title="$24.95"
href="http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814627358">hardcover</a>
and <a title="$4.95" href="http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=081460644X">paperback</a> editions.</small></p>
<p class="block">
<span id="TitleLabel"><cite><a href="http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814623255">Benedict's Rule: A Translation
and Commentary</a></cite></span> by <span id="AuthorTitle">Terrence G. Kardong, O.S.B.</span> is the first
line-by-line exegesis of the entire <cite>Rule of Benedict</cite> written originally in English.
This full commentary -- predominately literary and historical criticism -- is based on and includes a Latin text
of <cite>Regula Benedicti</cite> <small>(Liturgical Press). Hardcover, 664 pp., 6 x 9,
<span id="ISBNLabel">ISBN 0-8146-2325-5</span>, $59.95.</small></p>
<p class="block"><cite><a href="http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814612202">RB 1980 in Latin and English
with Notes</a></cite> is a modern, scholarly translation ed. by Timothy Fry, OSB <small>(Liturgical Press, 1981), 672 p.,
$39.95. The
translation by itself is also available in
<a href="http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814612725">paperback</a>,
$2.95.</small><br /> </p>
<hr />
<h3><a href="../bibndx.html"><img style="float:left;margin: 0px 20px 0px 5px" src="../../graphics/mkrdc.gif" alt="[Monk reading]" width="164" height="163" hspace="15" title="Bibliography" border="0" /></a>Rule
of Benedict: <br />
Bibliographic Resources / <em>Bibliographica Benedictina</em></h3>
<p>S. Aquinata Boeckmann's "<a href="http://archive.osb.org/rb/rbbib/toc.html">Bibliography
for Students of the Rule of Benedict</a>" is a comprehensive, classified
list of books and articles online that is updated with care and regularity
through 2009.</p>
<h4>More <strong><em>Bibliographica Benedictina</em></strong></h4>
<p class="block"> <a href="http://www.mnpals.net/">MnPALS</a> is an on-line catalog
that includes <a href="http://www.abcu.info/index.asp?Type=B_LIST&SEC={13776BE5-CA37-4D43-B3C7-2F49EA9DFF4F}">three Benedictine libraries in Minnesota</a> whose collections are rich in monastic holdings.</p>
<p class="block"><a href="../bibndx.html">Bibliographic Index</a> (to 2000)
includes manuscripts, books, editions, translations, etc. Items are ordered
chronologically by date of publication and, in some sections, also by language.
For more recent items use S. Aquinata's excellent "<a href="http://archive.osb.org/rb/rbbib/toc.html">Bibliography
for Students of the Rule of Benedict</a>."
</p>
<!-- h4><a name="Gray">Dame Alexia Gray OSB</a></h4>
<p class="block">
"After the <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10455a.htm">Dissolution
of the Monasteries</a>, men and women who wished to
serve God in the
<a href="http://richoliver.us/orders.html#orders">religious
Orders</a> had first to escape from England, and
many did so. The earliest foundation made entirely for the English in
exile was a house of Benedictine nuns begun at
<a href="http://www.kerknet.be/">Brussels</a> in <small>1597</small> by a
daughter of the Earl of Northumberland. So many women flocked to join,
that in <small>1624</small> another foundation was started ... at
<a href="http://www.kerknet.be/scripts/asp/parochies.asp?bisdom=Bisdom%20Gent">Ghent</a>." <a href="http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu:80/cgi-bin/dynaweb-wwp/nph-dweb/dynaweb/wwptextbase/wwpCorpus/@Generic%5F%5FBookTextView/711746;hf=0;fs=" title="CSB and SJU access only">Dame Alexia Gray's translation</a> is "<a href="../../aba/rb/feminine/" name="RB Feminine">couched in feminine terms throughout</a>.... The
version was printed by a local printer, Joos Dooms" <small>([David Rogers], <cite>The
Benedictines and the Book</cite>: An exhibition to commemorate the
fifteenth centenary of the birth of St. Benedict, A.D. 480-1980, Oxford:
Bodleian Library, 1980)</small>.<br />
</p -->
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OSB. Rule of Benedict. Text, English. Table of Contents
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [+CSPB] | [The Order of Saint Benedict](../../osbsitemap.html)
The [Rule of Benedict](../)
*Regula Benedicti* (RB)
Arranged by [Chapter Titles](#toc)
[Read Today's Passage](../show.asp?mode=today) |
| **"We wish this rule to be read often in the
community,
so that none can offer the excuse of ignorance"** (RB
66, 8). |
>
> Today, women monastics outnumber men by more than two to one. Thus, the even-numbered
> chapters below have been adapted for a women's community. The odd-numbered
> chapters are for a men's community such as Saint Benedict would have known.
> Mr. J. Frank Henderson edits a website that provides information about the
> history, dissemination and use of the [Rule
> of Benedict adapted for and by women](../../aba/rb/feminine/index.htm). Several contemporary scholarly and
> literary translations of the Rule into English exist, but the [Leonard
> Doyle translation](#doyle) used here is familiar to generations of US and other
> English-speaking monastics from its widespread and long term use in refectories
> and chapter rooms.
>
>
>
>
### The Rule of Benedict
* [The Prologue](rbejms1.html#pro)
* Chapter 1: [On the Kinds of Monks](rbejms1.html#1)
* Chapter 2: [What Kind of Person the Abbess Ought to Be](rbejms1.html#2)
* Chapter 3: [On Calling the Brethren for
Counsel](rbejms2.html#3)
* Chapter 4: [What Are the Instruments of Good
Works](rbejms2.html#4)
* Chapter 5: [On Obedience](rbejms3.html#5)
* Chapter 6: [On the Spirit of Silence](rbejms3.html#6)
* Chapter 7: [On Humility](rbejms3.html#7)
* Chapter 8: [On the Divine Office During
the Night](rbefjo1.html#chap8)
* Chapter 9: [How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at
the Night](rbefjo2.html#9)
* Chapter 10: [How the Night Office Is to Be
Said in Summer Time](rbefjo2.html#10)
* Chapter 11: [How the Night Office Is to Be
Said on Sundays](rbefjo2.html#11)
* Chapter 12: [How the Morning Office is to Be
Said](rbefjo2.html#12)
* Chapter 13: [How the Morning Office to Be
Said on Weekdays](rbefjo2.html#13)
* Chapter 14: [How the Night Office Is to Be
Said on the Feasts of the Saints](rbefjo2.html#14)
* Chapter 15: [At What Times "Alleluia" Is to Be
Said](rbefjo2.html#15)
* Chapter 16: [How the Work of God Is to Be
Performed During the Day](rbefjo2.html#16)
* Chapter 17: [How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at
These Hours](rbefjo2.html#17)
* Chapter 18: [In What Order the Psalms Are to Be
Said](rbefjo3.html#18)
* Chapter 19: [On the Manner of Saying the Divine
Office](rbefjo3.html#19)
* Chapter 20: [On Reverence in Prayer](rbefjo3.html#20)
* Chapter 21: [On the Deans of the Monastery](rbefjo3.html#21)
* Chapter 22: [How They Are to Sleep](rbefjo3.html#22)
* Chapter 23: [On Excommunication for Faults](rbefjo3.html#23)
* Chapter 24: [What the Measure of Excommunication
Should Be](rbemjo1.html#24)
* Chapter 25: [On Weightier Faults](rbemjo1.html#25)
* Chapter 26: [On Those Who Without an Order
Associate With the Excommunicated](rbemjo1.html#26)
* Chapter 27: [How Solicitous the Abbot Should Be
for the Excommunicated](rbemjo1.html#27)
* Chapter 28: [On Those Who Will Not Amend
After Repeated Corrections](rbemjo1.html#28)
* Chapter 29: [Whether Brothers Who Leave the
Monastery Should Be Received Again](rbemjo1.html#29)
* Chapter 30: [How Boys Are to Be Corrected](rbemjo1.html#30)
* Chapter 31: [What Kind of Man the Cellarer of the
Monastery Should Be](rbemjo1.html#31)
* Chapter 32: [On the Tools and Property of the
Monastery](rbemjo1.html#32)
* Chapter 33: [Whether Monks Ought to Have
Anything of Their Own](rbemjo1.html#33)
* Chapter 34: [Whether All Should Receive in Equal
Measure What Is Necessary](rbemjo1.html#34)
* Chapter 35: [On the Weekly Servers in the
Kitchen](rbemjo1.html#35)
* Chapter 36: [On the Sick](rbemjo1.html#36)
* Chapter 37: [On Old Men and Children](rbemjo2.html#37)
* Chapter 38: [On the Weekly Reader](rbemjo2.html#38)
* Chapter 39: [On the Measure of Food](rbemjo2.html#39)
* Chapter 40: [On the Measure of Drink](rbemjo2.html#40)
* Chapter 41: [At What Hours the Meals Should Be Taken](rbemjo2.html#41)
* Chapter 42: [That No One Speak After Compline](rbemjo2.html#42)
* Chapter 43: [On Those Who Come Late to the
Work of God or to Table](rbemjo2.html#43)
* Chapter 44: [How the Excommunicated Are to make
Satisfaction](rbemjo3.html#44)
* Chapter 45: [On Those Who Make Mistakes in the
Oratory](rbemjo3.html#45)
* Chapter 46: [On Those Who Fail in Any Other
Matters](rbemjo3.html#46)
* Chapter 47: [On Giving the Signal for the Time of
the Work of God](rbemjo3.html#47)
* Chapter 48: [On the Daily Manual Labor](rbemjo3.html#48)
* Chapter 49: [On the Observance of Lent](rbemjo3.html#49)
* Chapter 50: [On Those Who Are Working Far
From the Oratory or Are on a Journey](rbeaad1.html#50)
* Chapter 51: [On Brethren Who Go Not Very Far
Away](rbeaad1.html#51)
* Chapter 52: [On the Oratory of the Monastery](rbeaad1.html#52)
* Chapter 53: [On the Reception of Guests](rbeaad1.html#53)
* Chapter 54: [Whether Monastics Should Receive
Letters or Anything Else](rbeaad1.html#54)
* Chapter 55: [On the Clothes and Shoes of the
Brethren](rbeaad1.html#55)
* Chapter 56: [On the Abbess's Table](rbeaad1.html#56)
* Chapter 57: [On the Artisans of the
Monastery](rbeaad1.html#57)
* Chapter 58: [On the Manner of Receiving
Sisters](rbeaad2.html#58)
* Chapter 59: [On the Sons of Nobles and of the
Poor Who Are Offered](rbeaad2.html#59)
* Chapter 60: [On Priests Who May Wish to Live in
the Monastery](rbeaad2.html#60)
* Chapter 61: [How Pilgrim Monks Are to Be
Received](rbeaad2.html#61)
* Chapter 62: [On the Priests of the Monastery](rbeaad2.html#62)
* Chapter 63: [On the Order of the Community](rbeaad2.html#63)
* Chapter 64: [On Constituting an Abbess](rbeaad2.html#64)
* Chapter 65: [On the Prior of the Monastery](rbeaad3.html#65)
* Chapter 66: [On the Porters of the Monastery](rbeaad3.html#66)
* Chapter 67: [On Brethren Who Are Sent on a
Journey](rbeaad3.html#67)
* Chapter 68: [If a Sister is Commanded to Do
Impossible Things](rbeaad3.html#68)
* Chapter 69: [That the Monks Presume Not to Defend
One Another](rbeaad3.html#69)
* Chapter 70: [That No One Venture to Punish at
Random](rbeaad3.html#70)
* Chapter 71: [That the Brethren Be Obedient to
One Another](rbeaad3.html#71)
* Chapter 72: [On the Good Zeal Which They Ought to
Have](rbeaad3.html#72)
* Chapter 73: [On the Fact That the Full
Observance of Justice Is Not Established in This Rule](rbeaad3.html#73)
---
Selections above from Saint Benedict's Rule for Monasteries, translated from the Latin by Leonard J. Doyle OblSB, of
[Saint John's Abbey](http://www.saintjohnsabbey.org/), (© Copyright
1948, 2001, by the Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, MN 56321). Adapted for use here with the division
into sense lines of the first edition that was republished in 2001 to mark the 75th anniversary of
[Liturgical Press](http://www.litpress.org/).
Doyle's translation is available in both [hardcover](http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814627358 "$24.95")
and [paperback](http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=081460644X "$4.95") editions.
[Benedict's Rule: A Translation
and Commentary](http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814623255) by Terrence G. Kardong, O.S.B. is the first
line-by-line exegesis of the entire Rule of Benedict written originally in English.
This full commentary -- predominately literary and historical criticism -- is based on and includes a Latin text
of Regula Benedicti (Liturgical Press). Hardcover, 664 pp., 6 x 9,
ISBN 0-8146-2325-5, $59.95.
[RB 1980 in Latin and English
with Notes](http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814612202) is a modern, scholarly translation ed. by Timothy Fry, OSB (Liturgical Press, 1981), 672 p.,
$39.95. The
translation by itself is also available in
[paperback](http://www.litpress.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=0814612725),
$2.95.
---
| http://www.archive.osb.org/rb/text/toc.html |
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<title>The Shadowlands Bigfoot Page</title>
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<body alink="#ff0000" background="al.jpg" bgcolor="#4f4f4f"
link="#ffff80" text="#ffffff" vlink="#00ffff">
<center><big><big><b><i><font face="Arrus BT"><font color="#ffcc33"><font
size="+1"><big><big><a href="http://theghosthunterstore.com"><img
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<br>
The
Shadowlands presents:</big></big></font></font></font></i></b></big></big></center>
<div align="center">
<center><img src="bigfoot1.gif" height="111" width="311"><img
src="bigfoot2.gif" height="128" width="92"></center>
</div>
<center>
<table border="2">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="bf7.jpg" height="196" width="197"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</center>
<center>
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption> <br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Is it possible that a
reclusive man-like
creature inhabits the remote areas of our planet? Why not ? Isn't it
arrogant
of us to assume we know of all the species on this huge planet ?
Scientists
will tell you that we don't. Just over a decade ago, a unknown
animal now
named the Okapi was discovered. More recently a new ape
species was found in Sumtra. What about creatures we know
of , but
are
thought to be extinct ? The coelacanth was thought to be extinct for 70
million years until they were discovered alive and well in 1938. So is
it really that hard to believe that a hair covered, man-like creature
could
exist on the verge of discovery ? In many remote areas of the world
there
have been sightings of just such a creature. Known by many names such
as
Sasquatch, Yeti, Almas and many more. Is this an unknown primate, the
"missing
link" or some other yet unknown species ? There is evidence to support
the existence of just such a creature in the Northwestern United States
as well as other remote areas.</font></b>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">There are still numerous
sightings every
year. The descriptions of the creatures are very similar from sighting
to sighting. There are discrepancies in some of the details but the
mind
does play tricks on us when frightened. Exaggeration and hoaxes do
account
for some of the discrepancies in the descriptions as well. The
height
is the most varied detail. Witnesses have reported the creatures to be
from 5'6" to 8' +. This is easily explained if you take into account
the
possible age difference of the particular creature. Did they see and
adult
or juvenile ? There would be a noticeable size difference depending on
the age.</font></b> <br>
</p>
<ul>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#foot">The Foot
Prints</a></font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#Sightings">Bigfoot
Sightings</a></font></font></b></li>
<li><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#Summer_Sightings">Summer Sightings</a></font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#food">Bigfoot and
Food</a></font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#id">Theories
on
Bigfoot's Identity</a> </font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#names">Bigfoot's
Names</a> </font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#dangerous">Are
the dangerous?</a> </font></font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="bfarticles.htm">News
Archive and Recent Sightings</a> </font></font></b><b><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span class="yschttl"></span></font></big></b>
</li>
<li><a href="#Bigfoot_Videos"><b><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Bigfoot Videos</font></big></b></a> <b><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span class="yschttl"></span></font></big></b></li>
<li><b><big><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span
class="yschttl"><a href="#Radio_Interviews">Audio Interviews</a>
new 10-12<br>
</span></font></big></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1"><a
href="#links">Related
Links</a></font></font></b> </li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<br>
<center>
<center></center>
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td><a name="foot"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Then there
are the
foot prints.....</font></b>
<center><img src="bf1.gif" height="180" width="161"><img
src="bf2.gif" height="192" width="155"><img src="bf8.jpg" height="225"
width="125"></center>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> The
footprints left
by the creatures are, on average, considerably larger than that
of
a human. On the most part, the creatures have been shy and
reclusive.
They normally try to avoid contact with humans. Every now and
then
there are reports of sightings in populated areas. Perhaps the
creatures
are just as curious about us as we are about them.</font></b> </p>
<center><img src="compare.jpg" align="middle" height="198"
width="400"></center>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<br>
<center>
<center></center>
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<h2><a name="Sightings"></a><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
size="+3">Sightings</font></font></u></h2>
</center>
<center><img src="bf4.gif" height="222" width="297"><br>
<font color="#ffff00"><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"></font></big></font><a
href="http://www.history.com/video.do?name=monsterquest&bcpid=1541043115&bclid=9548353001&bctid=1568033433"><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">The Full Patterson Video Footage</font></big></a>
<br>
<br>
</center>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">The photograph shown here was
taken from
a still frame of a 16mm film camera. On October 20, 1967, two men on
horseback,
Roger Patterson, who shot the film and Bob Gimlin, a friend, took
to the northern Californian woods of Bluff Creek in the hopes of
photographing
one of these elusive creatures. They were not disappointed.
In the late afternoon, Patterson and Gimlin encountered the
creature.
Patterson’s horse reared and knocked him to the ground. He quickly
jumped
up and ran toward the creature. It responded by simply walking
away.
Gimlin kept his friend covered with a rifle in case it attacked. It
walked
into the trees and vanished. The two men decided against
following
the creature thinking there maybe a confrontation with either it -or
more
of its kind that could be in the area. After it was filmed, many
scientists dissected the footage. Some claim the film was indeed that
of
an unknown animal. Others claim it was merely a man in an obvious
monkey
suit. </font></b> <br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Over the years, rumors abounded
that
Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin hoaxed the whole incident. It even went
further by saying that a special effects man named John Chambers, who
designed
the makeup in the Planet of the Apes movies, designed the suit. He has
denied any involvement. Movie special effects people claim the
film
is just a man in a suit. Some scientists still cling to their belief
that
the film is authentic. Sadly, Roger Patterson died in 1972 of
cancer.
Did he go to his grave laughing? Or did he firmly believe at the time
of
his death that he had seen Bigfoot? In March of 1992, Bob Gimlin
admitted that he might have been fooled. He gave thought to the
possibility
that Roger concocted the whole thing and Bob was an unknowing
eyewitness
to one of the most elaborate hoaxes in the world. -
adamwolf@theshadowlands.
net</font></b>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Additional Notes:
The creature
that was filmed was a female, while you cannot see in this view, breast
are clearly visible in in other frames of the film.
Scientists
who have studied the film have said that the estimated stride of the
creature
is larger than that of a man. They also say it would have been
very
difficult for a man for simulate this large stride. Footprints
were
also found later at the same location. The footprints were the
same
type as typically found at a Bigfoot sighting.</font></b> </p>
<ul>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
</ul>
<img src="bf9.jpg" align="left" height="229" width="200"><b><font
face="Arial,Helvetica">This
photo is one of several taken July 11, 1995 by an off-duty forest
patrol
officer in the Wild Creek area near Mt. Rainier. It is one of 7 other
photos
purchased from the officer by Bigfoot investigator Cliff Crook. The
ranger
was following up a lead on bear poachers in the area when he heard loud
splashing sounds below him. He peeked over the ridge to investigate
with
camera in hand. Some of the photos are shaded and others are of
excellent
clarity.</font></b> <br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">"No matter how convincing
supposed
Bigfoot photos or films may be, until the ultimate living proof is in,
alleged Bigfoot photos and films must remain alleged. Only the
true
test of time will tell." - Cliff Crook </font></b> <b><font
face="Arial,Helvetica"><a href="bfreport.jpg">The
sighting report on this case</a></font></b>
<center>
<hr width="100%"></center>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">10-21-72 - Alan Berry, a
journalist in
Sacramento, CA., recorded what he believed to be the voice of
Bigfoot
in High Sierra Mountains. What he recorded sounded like human
like
whistle noises. He was 8 miles away from the nearest trail and
2000
ft above the nearest road. <font color="#ffffff"> The tape
he
made was tested and the results showed it was not prerecorded sounds
and
what ever made it had a larger vocal tract than a human being.
When
comparing a man's voice compared to the voice on the tape, scientists
were
able to estimate the size of the creature making the sounds, 7'4" to
8'2"
tall.</font></font></b>
<center>
<hr width="100%"></center>
<center><img src="whitebf.jpg" align="middle" height="311"
width="198"> </center>
<center><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">This is a picture of a
white Bigfoot
like creature sighted often in Fort Worth, Texas in 1969.</font></b> </center>
<center><img src="BF001.jpg"> </center>
<center><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Photo of an apparent
Bigfoot like
creature taken in an unknown location.</font></b> </center>
<center><img src="SKUNKAPE.jpg" height="223" width="245"></center>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">This photo was taken in 1997 by a
fire
fighter captain on the edge of the Florida Everglades. This
bigfoot
relative is known as the Skunkape in the Florida area. The
Skunkape
has been sighted numerous times and there have also been footprints
found
and cast. It gets it's nickname from the power stench that often
accompanies it. Reported sightings of this creature
go
back 30 years.</font></b> <br>
<div style="text-align: center;"><br>
<img alt="" src="bigfoot12large.jpg"
style="width: 440px; height: 330px;"><br style="font-weight: bold;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><big
style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-weight: bold;">Photograph
of an alleged Skunk Ape. Taken by David Shealy in Florida's Big Cypress
Swamp. <br>
<br>
<img alt="" src="bigfootMN.jpg"
style="width: 500px; height: 349px;"><br>
Northern Minnesota deer hunters say they caught Bigfoot on camera - 2009<br>
<br>
</big> </div>
<p></p>
<hr width="100%">
<center><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Encounter with a
Sasquatch
9-1-03</font></b></center>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">On August 26, 1957, William
Roe provided
a sworn statement about his encounter with a Bigfoot. Roe, who
had
worked as a hunter, trapper, and a road worker, was working in British
Columbia in 1955. He had hiked five miles up Mica Mountain to
explore
a deserted mine.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">When Roe stepped out of a
clearing,
he saw what he thought was a grizzly bear. When the animal stood
up, he realized this was no grizzly bear! The animal, a female,
was
six feet tall, three feet wide, and weighed approximately 300
lbs.
Her arms reached almost to her knees, and when she</font></b> <br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">walked she put the heel of her
foot
down first.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Roe was hiding in some brush
and was
able to observe the creature from a distance of some 20 feet. He
watched, fascinated, as she used her white, even teeth to eat leaves
from
a nearby bush. Her head was "higher at the back than at the
front";
her nose was flat. Only the area around her mouth was bare - the
rest of her body was covered in hair, none of which was longer than an
inch. The ears looked very much like a human's. The eyes
were
small and dark, similar to a bear's.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">At this point, the animal
caught Roe's
scent and walked back the way she had come, looking over her shoulder
as
she went. As she disappeared into the bush, Roe heard her make a
sound he described as "a kind of a whinny".</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Roe wanted to find out whether
the animal
was a vegetarian or whether she consumed meat as well. He
searched
for and found signs (feces) in several places. Upon examination,
no hair or insect shells were found. Roe concluded this animal
lived
solely on vegetation.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">While Roe could not be sure
this creature
was, in fact, a Bigfoot, the logical conclusion is that he was
fortunate
enough to be able to observe this elusive creature up close.</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">by [email protected]</font></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<br>
<center>
<center></center>
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center><a name="food"></a><b><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
size="+2">Bigfoot
and Food</font></font></u></b></center>
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><b>There is plenty of food in the
areas
the Bigfoot frequents to sustain a large community of</b> <b>these
animals.
Here is just a general list of what they could survive on:</b></font>
<br>
</p>
<ul>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Plants - there are many
wild
plants, flowers
and roots that are edible such as mushrooms, berries wild onions</font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Nuts - there are acorns,
pine
cones and
a few other edible nuts</font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Fish - salmon and trout</font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Insects - snails, grubbs,
grasshoppers
are just a few examples</font></b></li>
<li> <b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Red Meat - deer, small
mammals and rodents.</font></b></li>
<li><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">White Meat - various fowl</font></b></li>
</ul>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<br>
<table border="3" width="100%">
<caption><br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center><a name="id"></a><b><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
size="+2">Theories
on Bigfoot's Identity</font></font></u></b> </center>
<center><img src="gigant.jpg" height="150" width="117"></center>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">There have been numerous names
given
the bigfoot over the years. “Bad Idians", “Mountain Devils”, "Omaha
Bushman”,
"Sasquatch", "Yeren" and "Yeti" just to name a few.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">A more scientific name shared
by some
scientists is the Gigantopithecus Blacki, an extinct primate that lived
in Asia some 3000,000 years ago and could have found its way to other
parts
of the world via the land bridge before Asia broke off the mainland.</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Dr. Grover Krantz a well known
and respected
Cyptozoologist, feels the Sasquatch is indeed Gigantopithecus. He has
studied
all aspects of the creature for many years. He is convinced of its
existence
and is one of the scientists who has studied the Patterson film footage
and is certain it is genuine. In his book, Bigfoot Prints, Krantz shows
a jawbone of what he believes a whole skull would have looked like and
using it, was able to construct a skull of what he believes a whole
skull
would look like. There have only been a handful or teeth and
jawbones
of Gigantopithecus found throughout the world. The first tooth was
found
by in 1932 by a Dutch paleoanthropologist, G.H.R. Von Koeingswa1d in a
Hong Kong apothecary shop. Since that time only a few jawbones and
thousands
of teeth have been found.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Is it possible this species
that walked
Asia some 300,000 years ago, did not die out, but survived well into
the
20th century? Perhaps. A species of fish, the coelacanth, thought to be
extinct for 70,000,000 years turned up in South Africa in 1938. Another
fish, completely unknown to the world, was discovered in 1976. It was
called
the megamouth shark. Other animals thought to be myth have turned up in
this century. The okapi, mountain gorilla, and the giant panda. If
Bigfoot
is indeed Gigantopithecus Blacki, he may one day be rediscovered and
the
mystery will finally be solved. - adamwolf@theshadowlands. net</font></b>
<br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table border="3" width="100%">
<caption><br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center><a name="names"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
size="+2">Bigfoot's
Names</font></font></b></center>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Bigfoot is far from being
confined to
North America. He is found in almost all parts of the world by many
names.
Here are just a few of the places he has been seen and his name given
by
the natives:</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">North America - Bigfoot,
Sasquatch </font></b> <br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Europe - Kaptar, Biabin-guli,
Grendel,
Ferla Mohir, Brenin Ilwyd</font></b> <br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Africa - Ngoloko,Kikomba. </font></b>
<br>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Asia - Gin-sung, Yeti, Mirygdy
,Mecheny,
Chinese Wildman, Nguoi Rung</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">- adamwolf@theshadowlands. net</font></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table border="3" width="100%">
<caption><br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center><a name="dangerous"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
size="+2">Are
they dangerous?</font></font></b></center>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">This is a very delicate area.
Most encounters
are just “being in the right — at the right time” to see a Bigfoot and
watch it disappear into the forest. However, there have been a few
documented
cases where a violent encounter with a Bigfoot has taken place.
One
of the most famous stories takes place in the mid 1850’s. Two hunters
were
camping in the woods. They were trappers. They made camp and headed
upstream.
Upon their return, they found their camp ransacked and large footprints
could be found, but were ignored at the time. The men repaired their
camp
and got ready for supper.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Later, one of the men studied
the tracks
and thought they were bear tracks, a bear walking on hind legs. His
partner
laughed but agreed that it seemed to be that way. They concluded that
no
human made those tracks. After dark once the men were
sound asleep, one of the was awakened by the sounds of an intruder. He
saw a large figure at the entrance of their homemade lean to and he
could
smell a foul odor. He grabbed his rifle and fired. The thing ran back
to
the woods. The trappers stayed up for most of the night but there were
no further visitations.</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">They continued setting out
traps the
next day, but stayed together. When they returned to camp. Again, it
had
been ransacked. More two legged footprints were found. The men
made
a large fire and took turns guarding camp. Well into the night the
thing
came back. They could hear it as it walked around the woods near the
camp
making strange growling noises but never came near their fire.</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">The next day the trappers
decided to
move on due to the events and little results from their hunting. All
morning
long they stayed together. But had the feeling something was watching
them
the whole time. They could hear twigs snapping in the woods beside
them.
One of the men, around noon, offered to finish getting the traps while
his companion went back to camp and finish packing. </font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">When the man returned in the
late afternoon
with the traps, he found a horrifying site. His friend lay dead. His
neck
was broken and there were four fang marks in the throat. More
footprints
were at the scene. That was it. The remaining trapper left everything
behind
except his grit He didn’t stop until he got back to civilization.</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">A 14-year old girl reported
another
encounter that happened in the Himalayas. The creature there, referred
by the natives as a Yeti, viciously attacked the girl for no apparent
reason.
She was beaten into unconsciousness. Her brother found her soon after,
wounded, but alive. Several nearby Yaks lay dead, half eaten. The
Yeti’s
footprints were all around them. No reason whatsoever could be found
for
the unprovoked attack</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">These kinds of attacks are
rare. Most
encounters are very brief and non- violent. They seem for the most part
gentle creatures, if you don’t include some instances of animal
mutilations
contributed to the Bigfoot. No real evidence can support this,
though.
But then again, it is an animal. Who knows?- adamwolf@theshadowlands.
net</font></b> <br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table align="center" border="3" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="2"
height="850" width="1078">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<div align="center"><big><b><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><a name="Summer_Sightings"></a>Summer
Sightings</big></font></b></big><br>
</div>
<b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br>
By Cyndi Hall<br>
<br>
With summer in full swing, people are outdoors more than ever: hiking,
fishing, camping, swimming…and berry picking. It makes one wonder why
there haven’t been a few Bigfoot sightings. Well, there has been…<br>
<br>
Last week, two Ontario women say they saw what might have been the
legendary creature in northwestern Ontario. Helen Pahpasay and her
mother were picking blueberries last Tuesday, July 22, (2008) when they
spotted a large, hulking figure from their truck at about 10 a.m. CT. <br>
<br>
"It was black, about eight feet long and all black, and the way it
walked was upright, human-like, but more — I don't know how to describe
it — more of a husky walk, I guess," she told CBC News. <br>
<br>
"It didn't look normal." <br>
<br>
The Bigfoot apparently saw the women and ran into the woods, Pahpasay
said. She and her mother seriously thought about going after the
creature to try to get a better look, but were so shaken by the
experience they finally decided to abandon their berry picking
altogether and went home.<br>
<br>
Once word got around, others returned to the area and found a large,
six-toed footprint, Pahpasay said. "What do I think it was? Right now
I'm not even sure what it was. But it really scared both of us," she
said. <br>
<br>
"There's been talk of Bigfoot, Sasquatch. And I'm still not sure what
it was, but I've never seen anything like it." <br>
<br>
Pahpasay also said that she and her mother aren't the only people in
the area with a Bigfoot story. There were some men from their
neighborhood that have said they too, have seen the creature a few
years ago. <br>
<br>
"I've never believed it before, no. I'm not even quite sure what it
still is today, even after what I've seen," she said. <br>
<br>
Many believe that Bigfoot could be roaming woods from California up the
West Coast and across Canada. <br>
<br>
In April 2005, a ferry operator in Norway house, Manitoba, videotaped
three minutes of footage of what he said was a Bigfoot. However, the
video, which was shown on an American television, was indistinct,
failing to live up to its billing as "footage of the century." <br>
<br>
In 2006, several people in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan reported
seeing a Bigfoot-like figure in the woods around Flin Flon, Manitoba.<br>
<br>
Of course, skeptics say it's ridiculous to think that a large mammal
could have evaded detection in North America throughout history.
Despite numerous alleged sightings, no one has ever produced concrete
evidence such as skulls or bones. They also say that the footprints,
film and photos can be easily faked.<br>
<br>
Another interesting story that came out this summer is the alleged plug
of hair that was retrieved after a Bigfoot sighting. University of
Alberta professor David Coltman was recently sent the sample. (The
actual sighting was July 25, 2005). He was told that a Bigfoot was<br>
seen
and apparently realized it was being observed. It jumped and took off
running at a great speed, crashing through low hanging branches,
leaving a large sample of hair. The hair is currently being analyzed.</font></b><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div align="center">
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center><b><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+2"><a
name="Radio_Interviews"></a>Radio Interviews<br>
</font></font></u></b></center>
<p style="text-align: center;"><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><b>Dave
has a weekly radio show on ParaX radio called <a
href="http://paranormalstraighttalk.com">Paranoraml Straight Talk</a>
and they cover all types of topics including cryptozoology.</b></font><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span
style="font-family: arial,helvetica;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Interview
with Eric Altman of Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society<br>
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allowfullscreen="true" height="85" width="620"></object><br>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<u><big><big><big><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><br>
<a name="Bigfoot_Videos"></a>Bigfoot
Videos</b></font></big></big></big></u></div>
<table border="3" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top"><object height="355" width="425"><param
name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/OJIMbBcZgwc&rel=1&border=0"><param
name="wmode" value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/OJIMbBcZgwc&rel=1&border=0"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object> <br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><object height="355" width="425"><param
name="movie"
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/IJjUt2sXo5o&rel=1&border=0"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object> <br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top"><object height="355" width="425"><param
name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/6Ij6JL_dMNk&rel=1&border=0"><param
name="wmode" value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/6Ij6JL_dMNk&rel=1&border=0"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object> <br>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<div class="myvTitle">Bigfoot
Field Guide Informational Video-Memorial Day Footage </div>
<div class="myvDesc"><span id="BeginvidDescGoWLkeLLhYQ">The
famous Memorial Day footage
that has a purported Bigfoot running across a hillside.<br>
</span><object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GoWLkeLLhYQ&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GoWLkeLLhYQ&hl=en"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top">The
Bigfoot Field Guide-The Freeman Footage<br>
<object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/K8hObFzzC6Q&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/K8hObFzzC6Q&hl=en"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</td>
<td valign="top">Paul
Freeman Footage<br>
<object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/AI7SYHmZnZU&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/AI7SYHmZnZU&hl=en"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top">
<div class="myvDesc"><span id="BeginvidDescPQxlwzWOXFE">Manitoba
Bigfoot, this is actual
footage of the creature that was filmed in Manitoba Canada in 2005.<br>
</span><object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/PQxlwzWOXFE&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/PQxlwzWOXFE&hl=en"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</div>
</td>
<td valign="top"><span id="BeginvidDescOPytCu4NJMQ">This footage
was shot in the
Florda Everglades and is purportedly of the Florida Bigfoot or Skunk Ape<br>
</span><object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/OPytCu4NJMQ&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
value="transparent">
<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/OPytCu4NJMQ&hl=en"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top">
<div class="myvTitle">Bigfoot
from Helo, Middle Tennessee 4/27/07 </div>
<div class="myvDesc"><span id="BeginvidDescNffQE7m40s4">More
footage due to interest. This
thing ran into swamp SE of sighting.<br>
</span><object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/NffQE7m40s4&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
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type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</div>
</td>
<td valign="top">Texas
Report on N.W. Bigfoot<br>
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type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">
<td valign="top">
<div class="myvTitle">Hunter
Spots Bigfoot In Pennsylvania Woods </div>
<div class="myvDesc"><span id="BeginvidDesczmK3RMlvUCo">A man
hunting north of Pittsburgh
said his camera captured images of bigfoot.<br>
</span><object height="355" width="425"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zmK3RMlvUCo&hl=en"><param name="wmode"
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type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355"
width="425"></object><br>
</div>
</td>
<td valign="top"><span
title="Fouke Monster- The Encounter with a Bigfoot">Fouke Monster- The
Encounter with a Bigfoot<br>
<br>
</span><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie"
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type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span
style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;"
title="South Idaho bigfoot sighting">South Idaho bigfoot sighting <br>
<br>
</span><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/6ZstCtEtLu0&hl=en_US&fs=1&"><param
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/6ZstCtEtLu0&hl=en_US&fs=1&"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"></object><br>
<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span
title="Documented Bigfoot sighting"><span
style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">Documented Bigfoot
sighting<br>
<br>
</span></span><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie"
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/L0vSRI1-xnQ&hl=en_US&fs=1&"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="480"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span
style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">Monster Quest:
Review Patterson Film - Saying its Real<br>
<br>
</span><object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/7RSQlJlJGmE&hl=en_US&fs=1&"><param
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/7RSQlJlJGmE&hl=en_US&fs=1&"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></object><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><span
style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">National Geographic
American
Paranormal reviews Patterson Footage - Its Real</span><br>
<br>
<object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie"
value="http://www.youtube.com/v/FdEGrnsYJWY&hl=en_US&fs=1&"><param
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/FdEGrnsYJWY&hl=en_US&fs=1&"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always"
allowfullscreen="true" height="385" width="640"></object><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<center>
<center></center>
<table border="3" cols="1" width="100%">
<caption>
<center></center>
<br>
</caption><tbody>
</tbody> <tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<h2><a name="links"></a><u><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font
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href="http://theshadowlands.net/Bigfoot-CryptoFAQ.txt">DOWNLOAD
A FAQ ON CRYPTOZOOLOGY & BIGFOOT</a></font></b> <br>
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BIGFOOT CENTER</a></font></b> </p>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.execpc.com/%7Ecjjacobi/bigfoot.html">BIGFOOT</a></font></b>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a href="news:alt.bigfoot">ALT.BIGFOOT</a></font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/%7Ebz050/HomePage.cryptoz.html">CRYPTOZOOLOGY</a></font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://moneymaker.org/BFRR/REF/THEORIES/MJM/whatrtha.htm">BIGFOOT
INFO</a></font></b> </p>
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.moneymaker.org/BFRR/">BIGFOOT
SIGHTING BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION</a></font></b> <br>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.execpc.com/%7Ecjjacobi/bigfoot.html">BIGFOOT</a>
More BF Info</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.moneymaker.org/BFRR/GDB/">DATABASE
OF BIGFOOT SIGHTINGS</a></font></b> </p>
<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.pacificharbor.com/nwmyst/nwmyst-bigfoot-0001.html">BYRNE'S
BIGFOOT</a></font></b> </p>
<p><big><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.island.net/%7Ejohnb/">Sasquatch:
North America's Great Ape</a></font> </b></big></p>
<p><big><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/%7Erfthomas/bigfoot.html">Bigfoot
- Fact or Fantasy?</a></font> </b></big></p>
<p><big><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.321go.com/bf_site/index.html">Bigfoot's
Hid-Away</a></font> </b></big></p>
<big><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.bluenorth.com">Blue
North Investigations</a></font> </b></big>
<p><big><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a
href="http://www.chattahoocheebigfoot.org/">Chattahoochee
BigFoot Organization</a></font> </b></big></p>
<p><big><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><a
href="http://www.texasbigfoot.com">Texas
Bigfoot Research Center</a></font> </b></big><b><big> </big><br>
</b></p>
<p><b><a href="http://www.oregonbigfoot.com"><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Oregon Bigfoot </font></big></a><br>
</b></p>
<p><b><big><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><a
class="yschttl"
href="http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu6VaGvJFXJMANnFXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTE5dGt0MXJoBGNvbG8DZQRsA1dTMQRwb3MDMgRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZANNQVAwMDNfMTEy/SIG=12r3i4hmo/EXP=1173580762/**http%3a//mysite.verizon.net/vzeovhix/theamericanbigfootsociety/index.html"
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<p><a href="http://www.pabigfootsociety.com/"><b><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big>Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society</big></font></b></a>
<b><big><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span
class="yschttl"> </span></font></big></b></p>
<p><a href="http://www.teamnesra.net/"><b><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big>North East Sasquatch
Researchers Association</big></font></b></a> <b><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span class="yschttl"> </span></font></big></b></p>
<p><a href="http://www.sasquatchwatch.net"><b><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big>Sasquatch Watch of
Virginia </big></font></b></a><b><big><font
face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span class="yschttl"></span><br>
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<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">COPYRIGHT: Photographs 2, 4, and 5,
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<p><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Wild Creek photo © 1998 <a
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|
The Shadowlands Bigfoot Page
***[](http://theghosthunterstore.com)
The
Shadowlands presents:***
| |
| **Is it possible that a
reclusive man-like
creature inhabits the remote areas of our planet? Why not ? Isn't it
arrogant
of us to assume we know of all the species on this huge planet ?
Scientists
will tell you that we don't. Just over a decade ago, a unknown
animal now
named the Okapi was discovered. More recently a new ape
species was found in Sumtra. What about creatures we know
of , but
are
thought to be extinct ? The coelacanth was thought to be extinct for 70
million years until they were discovered alive and well in 1938. So is
it really that hard to believe that a hair covered, man-like creature
could
exist on the verge of discovery ? In many remote areas of the world
there
have been sightings of just such a creature. Known by many names such
as
Sasquatch, Yeti, Almas and many more. Is this an unknown primate, the
"missing
link" or some other yet unknown species ? There is evidence to support
the existence of just such a creature in the Northwestern United States
as well as other remote areas.**
**There are still numerous
sightings every
year. The descriptions of the creatures are very similar from sighting
to sighting. There are discrepancies in some of the details but the
mind
does play tricks on us when frightened. Exaggeration and hoaxes do
account
for some of the discrepancies in the descriptions as well. The
height
is the most varied detail. Witnesses have reported the creatures to be
from 5'6" to 8' +. This is easily explained if you take into account
the
possible age difference of the particular creature. Did they see and
adult
or juvenile ? There would be a noticeable size difference depending on
the age.**
* **[The Foot
Prints](#foot)**
* **[Bigfoot
Sightings](#Sightings)**
* **[Summer Sightings](#Summer_Sightings)**
* **[Bigfoot and
Food](#food)**
* **[Theories
on
Bigfoot's Identity](#id)**
* **[Bigfoot's
Names](#names)**
* **[Are
the dangerous?](#dangerous)**
* **[News
Archive and Recent Sightings](bfarticles.htm)**
* [**Bigfoot Videos**](#Bigfoot_Videos)
* **[Audio Interviews](#Radio_Interviews)
new 10-12**
* **[Related
Links](#links)**
|
| **Then there
are the
foot prints.....**
**The
footprints left
by the creatures are, on average, considerably larger than that
of
a human. On the most part, the creatures have been shy and
reclusive.
They normally try to avoid contact with humans. Every now and
then
there are reports of sightings in populated areas. Perhaps the
creatures
are just as curious about us as we are about them.**
|
|
Sightings
[The Full Patterson Video Footage](http://www.history.com/video.do?name=monsterquest&bcpid=1541043115&bclid=9548353001&bctid=1568033433)
**The photograph shown here was
taken from
a still frame of a 16mm film camera. On October 20, 1967, two men on
horseback,
Roger Patterson, who shot the film and Bob Gimlin, a friend, took
to the northern Californian woods of Bluff Creek in the hopes of
photographing
one of these elusive creatures. They were not disappointed.
In the late afternoon, Patterson and Gimlin encountered the
creature.
Patterson’s horse reared and knocked him to the ground. He quickly
jumped
up and ran toward the creature. It responded by simply walking
away.
Gimlin kept his friend covered with a rifle in case it attacked. It
walked
into the trees and vanished. The two men decided against
following
the creature thinking there maybe a confrontation with either it -or
more
of its kind that could be in the area. After it was filmed, many
scientists dissected the footage. Some claim the film was indeed that
of
an unknown animal. Others claim it was merely a man in an obvious
monkey
suit.**
**Over the years, rumors abounded
that
Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin hoaxed the whole incident. It even went
further by saying that a special effects man named John Chambers, who
designed
the makeup in the Planet of the Apes movies, designed the suit. He has
denied any involvement. Movie special effects people claim the
film
is just a man in a suit. Some scientists still cling to their belief
that
the film is authentic. Sadly, Roger Patterson died in 1972 of
cancer.
Did he go to his grave laughing? Or did he firmly believe at the time
of
his death that he had seen Bigfoot? In March of 1992, Bob Gimlin
admitted that he might have been fooled. He gave thought to the
possibility
that Roger concocted the whole thing and Bob was an unknowing
eyewitness
to one of the most elaborate hoaxes in the world. -
adamwolf@theshadowlands.
net**
**Additional Notes:
The creature
that was filmed was a female, while you cannot see in this view, breast
are clearly visible in in other frames of the film.
Scientists
who have studied the film have said that the estimated stride of the
creature
is larger than that of a man. They also say it would have been
very
difficult for a man for simulate this large stride. Footprints
were
also found later at the same location. The footprints were the
same
type as typically found at a Bigfoot sighting.**
---
**This
photo is one of several taken July 11, 1995 by an off-duty forest
patrol
officer in the Wild Creek area near Mt. Rainier. It is one of 7 other
photos
purchased from the officer by Bigfoot investigator Cliff Crook. The
ranger
was following up a lead on bear poachers in the area when he heard loud
splashing sounds below him. He peeked over the ridge to investigate
with
camera in hand. Some of the photos are shaded and others are of
excellent
clarity.**
**"No matter how convincing
supposed
Bigfoot photos or films may be, until the ultimate living proof is in,
alleged Bigfoot photos and films must remain alleged. Only the
true
test of time will tell." - Cliff Crook** **[The
sighting report on this case](bfreport.jpg)**
---
**10-21-72 - Alan Berry, a
journalist in
Sacramento, CA., recorded what he believed to be the voice of
Bigfoot
in High Sierra Mountains. What he recorded sounded like human
like
whistle noises. He was 8 miles away from the nearest trail and
2000
ft above the nearest road. The tape
he
made was tested and the results showed it was not prerecorded sounds
and
what ever made it had a larger vocal tract than a human being.
When
comparing a man's voice compared to the voice on the tape, scientists
were
able to estimate the size of the creature making the sounds, 7'4" to
8'2"
tall.**
---
**This is a picture of a
white Bigfoot
like creature sighted often in Fort Worth, Texas in 1969.**
**Photo of an apparent
Bigfoot like
creature taken in an unknown location.**
**This photo was taken in 1997 by a
fire
fighter captain on the edge of the Florida Everglades. This
bigfoot
relative is known as the Skunkape in the Florida area. The
Skunkape
has been sighted numerous times and there have also been footprints
found
and cast. It gets it's nickname from the power stench that often
accompanies it. Reported sightings of this creature
go
back 30 years.**
Photograph
of an alleged Skunk Ape. Taken by David Shealy in Florida's Big Cypress
Swamp.
Northern Minnesota deer hunters say they caught Bigfoot on camera - 2009
---
**Encounter with a
Sasquatch
9-1-03**
**On August 26, 1957, William
Roe provided
a sworn statement about his encounter with a Bigfoot. Roe, who
had
worked as a hunter, trapper, and a road worker, was working in British
Columbia in 1955. He had hiked five miles up Mica Mountain to
explore
a deserted mine.**
**When Roe stepped out of a
clearing,
he saw what he thought was a grizzly bear. When the animal stood
up, he realized this was no grizzly bear! The animal, a female,
was
six feet tall, three feet wide, and weighed approximately 300
lbs.
Her arms reached almost to her knees, and when she**
**walked she put the heel of her
foot
down first.**
**Roe was hiding in some brush
and was
able to observe the creature from a distance of some 20 feet. He
watched, fascinated, as she used her white, even teeth to eat leaves
from
a nearby bush. Her head was "higher at the back than at the
front";
her nose was flat. Only the area around her mouth was bare - the
rest of her body was covered in hair, none of which was longer than an
inch. The ears looked very much like a human's. The eyes
were
small and dark, similar to a bear's.**
**At this point, the animal
caught Roe's
scent and walked back the way she had come, looking over her shoulder
as
she went. As she disappeared into the bush, Roe heard her make a
sound he described as "a kind of a whinny".**
**Roe wanted to find out whether
the animal
was a vegetarian or whether she consumed meat as well. He
searched
for and found signs (feces) in several places. Upon examination,
no hair or insect shells were found. Roe concluded this animal
lived
solely on vegetation.**
**While Roe could not be sure
this creature
was, in fact, a Bigfoot, the logical conclusion is that he was
fortunate
enough to be able to observe this elusive creature up close.**
**by [email protected]** |
| **Bigfoot
and Food**
**There is plenty of food in the
areas
the Bigfoot frequents to sustain a large community of** **these
animals.
Here is just a general list of what they could survive on:**
* **Plants - there are many
wild
plants, flowers
and roots that are edible such as mushrooms, berries wild onions**
* **Nuts - there are acorns,
pine
cones and
a few other edible nuts**
* **Fish - salmon and trout**
* **Insects - snails, grubbs,
grasshoppers
are just a few examples**
* **Red Meat - deer, small
mammals and rodents.**
* **White Meat - various fowl**
|
| **Theories
on Bigfoot's Identity**
**There have been numerous names
given
the bigfoot over the years. “Bad Idians", “Mountain Devils”, "Omaha
Bushman”,
"Sasquatch", "Yeren" and "Yeti" just to name a few.**
**A more scientific name shared
by some
scientists is the Gigantopithecus Blacki, an extinct primate that lived
in Asia some 3000,000 years ago and could have found its way to other
parts
of the world via the land bridge before Asia broke off the mainland.**
**Dr. Grover Krantz a well known
and respected
Cyptozoologist, feels the Sasquatch is indeed Gigantopithecus. He has
studied
all aspects of the creature for many years. He is convinced of its
existence
and is one of the scientists who has studied the Patterson film footage
and is certain it is genuine. In his book, Bigfoot Prints, Krantz shows
a jawbone of what he believes a whole skull would have looked like and
using it, was able to construct a skull of what he believes a whole
skull
would look like. There have only been a handful or teeth and
jawbones
of Gigantopithecus found throughout the world. The first tooth was
found
by in 1932 by a Dutch paleoanthropologist, G.H.R. Von Koeingswa1d in a
Hong Kong apothecary shop. Since that time only a few jawbones and
thousands
of teeth have been found.**
**Is it possible this species
that walked
Asia some 300,000 years ago, did not die out, but survived well into
the
20th century? Perhaps. A species of fish, the coelacanth, thought to be
extinct for 70,000,000 years turned up in South Africa in 1938. Another
fish, completely unknown to the world, was discovered in 1976. It was
called
the megamouth shark. Other animals thought to be myth have turned up in
this century. The okapi, mountain gorilla, and the giant panda. If
Bigfoot
is indeed Gigantopithecus Blacki, he may one day be rediscovered and
the
mystery will finally be solved. - adamwolf@theshadowlands. net**
|
| **Bigfoot's
Names**
**Bigfoot is far from being
confined to
North America. He is found in almost all parts of the world by many
names.
Here are just a few of the places he has been seen and his name given
by
the natives:**
**North America - Bigfoot,
Sasquatch**
**Europe - Kaptar, Biabin-guli,
Grendel,
Ferla Mohir, Brenin Ilwyd**
**Africa - Ngoloko,Kikomba.**
**Asia - Gin-sung, Yeti, Mirygdy
,Mecheny,
Chinese Wildman, Nguoi Rung**
**- adamwolf@theshadowlands. net** |
| **Are
they dangerous?**
**This is a very delicate area.
Most encounters
are just “being in the right — at the right time” to see a Bigfoot and
watch it disappear into the forest. However, there have been a few
documented
cases where a violent encounter with a Bigfoot has taken place.
One
of the most famous stories takes place in the mid 1850’s. Two hunters
were
camping in the woods. They were trappers. They made camp and headed
upstream.
Upon their return, they found their camp ransacked and large footprints
could be found, but were ignored at the time. The men repaired their
camp
and got ready for supper.**
**Later, one of the men studied
the tracks
and thought they were bear tracks, a bear walking on hind legs. His
partner
laughed but agreed that it seemed to be that way. They concluded that
no
human made those tracks. After dark once the men were
sound asleep, one of the was awakened by the sounds of an intruder. He
saw a large figure at the entrance of their homemade lean to and he
could
smell a foul odor. He grabbed his rifle and fired. The thing ran back
to
the woods. The trappers stayed up for most of the night but there were
no further visitations.**
**They continued setting out
traps the
next day, but stayed together. When they returned to camp. Again, it
had
been ransacked. More two legged footprints were found. The men
made
a large fire and took turns guarding camp. Well into the night the
thing
came back. They could hear it as it walked around the woods near the
camp
making strange growling noises but never came near their fire.**
**The next day the trappers
decided to
move on due to the events and little results from their hunting. All
morning
long they stayed together. But had the feeling something was watching
them
the whole time. They could hear twigs snapping in the woods beside
them.
One of the men, around noon, offered to finish getting the traps while
his companion went back to camp and finish packing.**
**When the man returned in the
late afternoon
with the traps, he found a horrifying site. His friend lay dead. His
neck
was broken and there were four fang marks in the throat. More
footprints
were at the scene. That was it. The remaining trapper left everything
behind
except his grit He didn’t stop until he got back to civilization.**
**A 14-year old girl reported
another
encounter that happened in the Himalayas. The creature there, referred
by the natives as a Yeti, viciously attacked the girl for no apparent
reason.
She was beaten into unconsciousness. Her brother found her soon after,
wounded, but alive. Several nearby Yaks lay dead, half eaten. The
Yeti’s
footprints were all around them. No reason whatsoever could be found
for
the unprovoked attack**
**These kinds of attacks are
rare. Most
encounters are very brief and non- violent. They seem for the most part
gentle creatures, if you don’t include some instances of animal
mutilations
contributed to the Bigfoot. No real evidence can support this,
though.
But then again, it is an animal. Who knows?- adamwolf@theshadowlands.
net**
|
| |
| --- |
| **Summer
Sightings**
**By Cyndi Hall
With summer in full swing, people are outdoors more than ever: hiking,
fishing, camping, swimming…and berry picking. It makes one wonder why
there haven’t been a few Bigfoot sightings. Well, there has been…
Last week, two Ontario women say they saw what might have been the
legendary creature in northwestern Ontario. Helen Pahpasay and her
mother were picking blueberries last Tuesday, July 22, (2008) when they
spotted a large, hulking figure from their truck at about 10 a.m. CT.
"It was black, about eight feet long and all black, and the way it
walked was upright, human-like, but more — I don't know how to describe
it — more of a husky walk, I guess," she told CBC News.
"It didn't look normal."
The Bigfoot apparently saw the women and ran into the woods, Pahpasay
said. She and her mother seriously thought about going after the
creature to try to get a better look, but were so shaken by the
experience they finally decided to abandon their berry picking
altogether and went home.
Once word got around, others returned to the area and found a large,
six-toed footprint, Pahpasay said. "What do I think it was? Right now
I'm not even sure what it was. But it really scared both of us," she
said.
"There's been talk of Bigfoot, Sasquatch. And I'm still not sure what
it was, but I've never seen anything like it."
Pahpasay also said that she and her mother aren't the only people in
the area with a Bigfoot story. There were some men from their
neighborhood that have said they too, have seen the creature a few
years ago.
"I've never believed it before, no. I'm not even quite sure what it
still is today, even after what I've seen," she said.
Many believe that Bigfoot could be roaming woods from California up the
West Coast and across Canada.
In April 2005, a ferry operator in Norway house, Manitoba, videotaped
three minutes of footage of what he said was a Bigfoot. However, the
video, which was shown on an American television, was indistinct,
failing to live up to its billing as "footage of the century."
In 2006, several people in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan reported
seeing a Bigfoot-like figure in the woods around Flin Flon, Manitoba.
Of course, skeptics say it's ridiculous to think that a large mammal
could have evaded detection in North America throughout history.
Despite numerous alleged sightings, no one has ever produced concrete
evidence such as skulls or bones. They also say that the footprints,
film and photos can be easily faked.
Another interesting story that came out this summer is the alleged plug
of hair that was retrieved after a Bigfoot sighting. University of
Alberta professor David Coltman was recently sent the sample. (The
actual sighting was July 25, 2005). He was told that a Bigfoot was
seen
and apparently realized it was being observed. It jumped and took off
running at a great speed, crashing through low hanging branches,
leaving a large sample of hair. The hair is currently being analyzed.** |
| **Radio Interviews**
**Dave
has a weekly radio show on ParaX radio called [Paranoraml Straight Talk](http://paranormalstraighttalk.com)
and they cover all types of topics including cryptozoology.**
Interview
with Eric Altman of Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society
|
**Bigfoot
Videos**
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
|
|
|
| Bigfoot
Field Guide Informational Video-Memorial Day Footage
The
famous Memorial Day footage
that has a purported Bigfoot running across a hillside.
|
| The
Bigfoot Field Guide-The Freeman Footage
| Paul
Freeman Footage
|
| Manitoba
Bigfoot, this is actual
footage of the creature that was filmed in Manitoba Canada in 2005.
| This footage
was shot in the
Florda Everglades and is purportedly of the Florida Bigfoot or Skunk Ape
|
| Bigfoot
from Helo, Middle Tennessee 4/27/07
More
footage due to interest. This
thing ran into swamp SE of sighting.
| Texas
Report on N.W. Bigfoot
|
| Hunter
Spots Bigfoot In Pennsylvania Woods
A man
hunting north of Pittsburgh
said his camera captured images of bigfoot.
| Fouke Monster- The
Encounter with a Bigfoot
|
| South Idaho bigfoot sighting
| Documented Bigfoot
sighting
|
| Monster Quest:
Review Patterson Film - Saying its Real
| National Geographic
American
Paranormal reviews Patterson Footage - Its Real
|
|
Want
More Info ?
**[BIGFOOT
CENTRAL](http://www.angelfire.com/biz/bigfootcentral)**
**[DOWNLOAD
A FAQ ON CRYPTOZOOLOGY & BIGFOOT](http://theshadowlands.net/Bigfoot-CryptoFAQ.txt)**
**[Central Ohio Bigfoot Research](http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu4nRF_JF9SEAebZXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTE5dGt0MXJoBGNvbG8DZQRsA1dTMQRwb3MDMgRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZANNQVAwMDNfMTEy/SIG=11mk1q059/EXP=1173580113/**http%3a//www.centralohiobigfoot.org/)**
**[KANSAS
BIGFOOT CENTER](http://www.joes.com/home/Bigfoot/)**
**[BIGFOOT](http://www.execpc.com/%7Ecjjacobi/bigfoot.html)**
**[ALT.BIGFOOT](news:alt.bigfoot)**
**[CRYPTOZOOLOGY](http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/%7Ebz050/HomePage.cryptoz.html)**
**[BIGFOOT
INFO](http://moneymaker.org/BFRR/REF/THEORIES/MJM/whatrtha.htm)**
**[BIGFOOT
SIGHTING BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION](http://www.moneymaker.org/BFRR/)**
**[BIGFOOT](http://www.execpc.com/%7Ecjjacobi/bigfoot.html)
More BF Info**
**[DATABASE
OF BIGFOOT SIGHTINGS](http://www.moneymaker.org/BFRR/GDB/)**
**[BYRNE'S
BIGFOOT](http://www.pacificharbor.com/nwmyst/nwmyst-bigfoot-0001.html)**
**[Sasquatch:
North America's Great Ape](http://www.island.net/%7Ejohnb/)**
**[Bigfoot
- Fact or Fantasy?](http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/%7Erfthomas/bigfoot.html)**
**[Bigfoot's
Hid-Away](http://www.321go.com/bf_site/index.html)**
**[Blue
North Investigations](http://www.bluenorth.com)**
**[Chattahoochee
BigFoot Organization](http://www.chattahoocheebigfoot.org/)**
**[Texas
Bigfoot Research Center](http://www.texasbigfoot.com)**
**[Oregon Bigfoot](http://www.oregonbigfoot.com)**
**[The American Bigfoot Society](http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu6VaGvJFXJMANnFXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTE5dGt0MXJoBGNvbG8DZQRsA1dTMQRwb3MDMgRzZWMDc3IEdnRpZANNQVAwMDNfMTEy/SIG=12r3i4hmo/EXP=1173580762/**http%3a//mysite.verizon.net/vzeovhix/theamericanbigfootsociety/index.html)**
[**Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society**](http://www.pabigfootsociety.com/)
[**North East Sasquatch
Researchers Association**](http://www.teamnesra.net/)
[**Sasquatch Watch of
Virginia**](http://www.sasquatchwatch.net) |
| **[Back
to The Shadowlands](http://theshadowlands.net)**
---
| |
| --- |
| [Xmarks Top Site in Bigfoot](http://www.xmarks.com/site/www.theshadowlands.net/bf.htm) |
| The Shadowlands
Bigfoot Page is a Top Site in [Bigfoot](http://www.xmarks.com/topic/bigfoot?p=12303319&cid=gz) |
| [Rated 5 Stars](http://www.xmarks.com/site/www.theshadowlands.net/bf.htm#r) |
| [Review This Site](http://www.xmarks.com/site/www.theshadowlands.net/bf.htm#r) |
| |
| [Key Resource](http://www.links2go.com/topic/Cryptozoology)
***[Links2Go](http://www.links2go.com/topic/Cryptozoology)*[Key Resource](http://www.links2go.com/topic/Cryptozoology)**
[Cryptozoology
Topic](http://www.links2go.com/topic/Cryptozoology) |
|
---
**COPYRIGHT: Photographs 2, 4, and 5,
are the copyright material of Rene Dahinden and are not to be
reproduced
without permission. For information on copyright provisions and
available
Bigfoot products (books, posters, casts etc.,), email
[email protected]
.**
**Wild Creek photo © 1998 [Cliff
Crook](mailto:[email protected])**
**[(c)Cliff
Crook/Fortean Pic Lib. 2000](mailto:[email protected])**
**The other images on this page
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><B><FONT COLOR="#003399">Visit Sally's <br>other website, <br></FONT></B><A HREF="http://www.SallysKitchen.com" Target="_blank"><B><FONT COLOR="#003399">Sallys Kitchen</FONT></B></A></P>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><B><FONT SIZE="+2">Emergency Kitchen<br>Emergency Preparedness<br>for Your Home and Family<br></FONT></B>with Sally and Ray Strackbein</P>
<P>Coronavirus is in the news now. China has pretty much shut down, everybody staying home to avoid catching the virus. If it comes to where you live, can you stay home for an extended period of
time without needing to go out for supplies? It costs so little to be prepared that I just don't understand why people don't do it. </P>
<P>In other areas, I saw reports on the news of communities that were surrounded by water. People's homes were OK, but they could not get out, had no power, and no clean water. </P>
<P>What can you do to prepare? For me, being prepared is a state of mind. I keep my supplies up-to-date. The cost is not that high to buy some insurance/supplies. I'd rather spend a little
on preparations and I won't kick myself if I don't need them.</P>
<P>The winter weather in some years resulted in power failures and people stuck in their homes for days or weeks. Hurricanes and winter storms demonstrate the necessity for being ready for
emergencies. We urge you to prepare yourself and your family. You never know when you will need to be prepared. It does not cost a lot of money or effort to be prepared - just a minimum of
planning and a very small amount of effort. We urge you to protect yourself. Use the simple emergency preparedness tips you find here.</P>
<P><B>You never know when:</B></P>
<UL>
<LI>Friends are going to drop in. </LI>
<LI>A power line is going to be cut by the back hoe operator down the street.</LI>
<LI>An ice storm or a hurricane is going to take out the whole region's electrical delivery.</LI>
<LI>A water line break is going to stop the water from flowing</LI>
<LI>A flu outbreak will make you want to work from home.</LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Are you prepared?</B></P>
<P>My husband, Ray, says that no disaster he prepared for ever happened. The process of planning and preparing for any disaster made him prepared for what actually did happen.</P>
<P>Many news programs and magazines are focusing on pandemic flu and natural disasters. They sometimes talk about bio-terrorism and chemical warfare. I don't worry about those issues. I can't do
much to prepare my family for those awful nightmares. A gas mask won't help much unless you wear it day and night. </P>
<P>Instead, I'll prepare for what I can. I'll store food, water, soap and toilet paper. I'll wash my hands after pushing a shopping cart. I'll steer clear of people who are sneezing. I'll plan
how to stay warm, have light and have good relationships with people I care about.</P>
<P>You will find easy, rational emergency preparedness plans here. I invite you to join me. </P>
<P>Prepare for what you can and enjoy the life you have.</P>
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<P ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">Copyright © Sally Strackbein<br>Permission is granted to reprint a few <br>documents from </FONT><A HREF="http://www.y2kkitchen.com"><FONT SIZE="-1">www.EmergencyKitchen.com
<br> </FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1">in your magazine, website (with a clickable link)<br>or newsletter with the byline:</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">"Sally Strackbein is a speaker and author. <br>She can be reached at 703-262-0361 <br>or www.EmergencyKitchen.com"</FONT> </P>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.twitter.com/emergencykitch" TARGET="_blank"><B><FONT SIZE="+1" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif">Follow Me On <br>Twitter</FONT></B></A></P>
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<P>Clean drinking water is easy to get when you can run dirty water through <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007U00YE/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank">this filter</A> to get the cleanest drinking water.
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<P>Personally, I make up my own emergency kits. But if you feel pressed for time, you can order <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000Y9DEQY/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank">this one from Amazon</A>.</P>
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<TD COLSPAN="8" WIDTH="200"><A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000O3IS3Y/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank"><IMG ID="Picture11" HEIGHT="200" WIDTH="200" SRC="./assets/images/LedFlashlight.jpg" BORDER="0"
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<P>Ray and I have <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000O3IS3Y/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank">flashlights</A> like these in every room of our house, in our cars and in my purse. </P>
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<TD COLSPAN="7" WIDTH="200"><A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002NWKJBI/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank"><IMG ID="Picture12" HEIGHT="200" WIDTH="200" SRC="./assets/images/WoodStove.jpg" BORDER="0"
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<P>We bought a <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002NWKJBI/sallyskitchen" TARGET="_blank">woodstove</A> in 1998 thinking it would heat our family room. It heats our whole house and saved me when our power failed this winter and Ray was out of town and I was snow/iced in. I was toasty and warm.
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Emergency preparedness the easy way. Food shopping guide and recipes.
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| | [[Home](./index.html)][[2 Week Plan](./html/14_day_plan.html)][[The Story](./html/the_story.html)][[Shopping Storing](./html/shopping_storing.html)][[Speakers](./html/speakers.html)][[Contact](./html/contact.html)][[Recipes](./html/recipes.html)][[Emergency Test](./html/emergency_test.html)][[Water, Waste, Allergy](./html/research_papers.html)][[Bean Theory](./html/bean_theory.html)][[Why Buy the Book](./html/whybuybook.html)][[Disclaimer](./html/disclaimer.html)][[Preparedness Quiz](./html/preparedness_quiz.html)][[Business Preparedness](./html/business_preparedness.html)] |
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| | [Emergency Preparedness Book](http://www.profcs.com/app/javanof.asp?MerchantID=53456&ProductID=2540521) | |
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| | [mailSlot](mailto:[email protected]) | |
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| | **Visit Sally's other website,** [**Sallys Kitchen**](http://www.SallysKitchen.com) |
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| | Emergency_Kitchen_Banner | |
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| **Emergency KitchenEmergency Preparednessfor Your Home and Family**with Sally and Ray Strackbein
Coronavirus is in the news now. China has pretty much shut down, everybody staying home to avoid catching the virus. If it comes to where you live, can you stay home for an extended period of
time without needing to go out for supplies? It costs so little to be prepared that I just don't understand why people don't do it.
In other areas, I saw reports on the news of communities that were surrounded by water. People's homes were OK, but they could not get out, had no power, and no clean water.
What can you do to prepare? For me, being prepared is a state of mind. I keep my supplies up-to-date. The cost is not that high to buy some insurance/supplies. I'd rather spend a little
on preparations and I won't kick myself if I don't need them.
The winter weather in some years resulted in power failures and people stuck in their homes for days or weeks. Hurricanes and winter storms demonstrate the necessity for being ready for
emergencies. We urge you to prepare yourself and your family. You never know when you will need to be prepared. It does not cost a lot of money or effort to be prepared - just a minimum of
planning and a very small amount of effort. We urge you to protect yourself. Use the simple emergency preparedness tips you find here.
**You never know when:*** Friends are going to drop in.
* A power line is going to be cut by the back hoe operator down the street.
* An ice storm or a hurricane is going to take out the whole region's electrical delivery.
* A water line break is going to stop the water from flowing
* A flu outbreak will make you want to work from home.
**Are you prepared?**
My husband, Ray, says that no disaster he prepared for ever happened. The process of planning and preparing for any disaster made him prepared for what actually did happen.
Many news programs and magazines are focusing on pandemic flu and natural disasters. They sometimes talk about bio-terrorism and chemical warfare. I don't worry about those issues. I can't do
much to prepare my family for those awful nightmares. A gas mask won't help much unless you wear it day and night.
Instead, I'll prepare for what I can. I'll store food, water, soap and toilet paper. I'll wash my hands after pushing a shopping cart. I'll steer clear of people who are sneezing. I'll plan
how to stay warm, have light and have good relationships with people I care about.
You will find easy, rational emergency preparedness plans here. I invite you to join me.
Prepare for what you can and enjoy the life you have.
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| | Copyright © Sally StrackbeinPermission is granted to reprint a few documents from [www.EmergencyKitchen.com](http://www.y2kkitchen.com)in your magazine, website (with a clickable link)or newsletter with the byline:
"Sally Strackbein is a speaker and author. She can be reached at 703-262-0361 or www.EmergencyKitchen.com" |
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| | [Home] [[2 Week Plan](./html/14_day_plan.html)] [[The Story](./html/the_story.html)] [[Shopping Storing](./html/shopping_storing.html)] [[Speakers](./html/speakers.html)] [[Contact](./html/contact.html)] [[Recipes](./html/recipes.html)] [[Emergency Test](./html/emergency_test.html)] [[Water, Waste, Allergy](./html/research_papers.html)] [[Bean Theory](./html/bean_theory.html)] [[Why Buy the Book](./html/whybuybook.html)] [[Disclaimer](./html/disclaimer.html)] [[Preparedness Quiz](./html/preparedness_quiz.html)] [[Business Preparedness](./html/business_preparedness.html)] |
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| | [**Follow Me On Twitter**](http://www.twitter.com/emergencykitch) | |
| |
| | [Wate rFilter](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007U00YE/sallyskitchen) | |
| |
| |
| |
| --- |
| Clean drinking water is easy to get when you can run dirty water through [this filter](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0007U00YE/sallyskitchen) to get the cleanest drinking water.
|
| |
| |
| | [Emergency Kit](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000Y9DEQY/sallyskitchen) | |
| |
| | Personally, I make up my own emergency kits. But if you feel pressed for time, you can order [this one from Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000Y9DEQY/sallyskitchen). | |
| |
| | [LedFlashlight](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000O3IS3Y/sallyskitchen) | |
| |
| |
| |
| --- |
| Ray and I have [flashlights](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000O3IS3Y/sallyskitchen) like these in every room of our house, in our cars and in my purse. |
| |
| |
| | [WoodStove](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002NWKJBI/sallyskitchen) | |
| |
| |
| |
| --- |
| We bought a [woodstove](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002NWKJBI/sallyskitchen) in 1998 thinking it would heat our family room. It heats our whole house and saved me when our power failed this winter and Ray was out of town and I was snow/iced in. I was toasty and warm.
|
|
|
| http://www.y2kkitchen.com/index.html |
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<h1> <img src="welcome.jpg" alt="Welcome to Virtue Ventures" nosave=""
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<center><font size="-1">Folks like these pages to the tune of up to<a
href="web_stats.html"> 90,000 page-views</a> per month. (That was
02/2005!)<br>
<br>
<big><big>Twins put a dent in your free time, but eventually you have
time again! <br>
I'm starting to update my site again after a 2 year hiatus; keep tuned
to the <a href="articles/whats_new.html">What's New</a> page.</big></big><br>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="fabric/"><img src="Oxford_shirt2.JPG"
nosave="" border="0" height="111" width="100" align="left"></a><a
href="fabric/"> Fabric for Bachelors:</a> Are you an intelligent
person who nonetheless has no idea how to find good clothes? You
need to learn about fabric. </td>
<td><a href="articles/"><img
src="articles/images/1468_claricedegasconne_sm.jpg"
alt="A wedding from 1468" nosave="" border="0" height="106" width="100"
align="left"></a><a href="articles/">The Medieval Clothing Articles:</a>
Explorations of the clothing styles and accessories of the High Middle
Ages in Europe. There is now a <a href="articles/whats_new.html">What's
New</a> page for this subsection.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="articles/home_companion.html"><img
src="articles/images/chair_icon.jpg"
alt="A modern chair that looks medieval" nosave="" border="0"
height="100" width="76" align="left"></a><a
href="articles/home_companion.html"> A Modern Medieval Home Companion</a>:
Bringing medieval decorative elements into your home.</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="cottages/"><img
src="bayview_icon.jpg" alt="Cadillac Mountain" nosave="" border="0"
height="97" width="100" align="left"></a><a href="cottages/"> A
week on the Maine Coast -- what could be better?</a> A family
business near Bar Harbor & Acadia National Park</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<br>
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cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
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<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a
href="/store/"><img
style="width: 200px; height: 160px;" alt="Lobsters!"
src="lobster-logo.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a
href="/store/"><img align="top"
style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" alt="Geek Mandala Stein"
src="geek-mandala-stein.png"></a><a
href="/store/">
</a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a
href="/store/"><img align="left"
style="border: 2px solid ; width: 168px; height: 100px;"
alt="My cafe press store"
src="articles/images/web_advert_sm.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a
href="/store/"><img
style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"
alt="This way to the egress t-shirt"
src="egress-shirt.png">
</a> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a
href="/store/"><img
style="width: 143px; height: 150px;" alt="Middle ages falconer"
src="falconer.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" style="vertical-align: top;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">
<h3><a href="/store/">T-shirts,
mugs, and other great products. Fun art, interesting slogans:<br>
</a></h3>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left; margin-left: 40px;">
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">Geek Mandala</span> and binary-numbered
clock</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">Medieval tapestry images</span> redrawn -
two ladies talking; a falconer on a horse, a toddler in a walker,
lovers on a bridge.<br>
</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">This Way to the Egres</span>s -- bemuse
your friends!</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/">Ever get
frustrated when someone gets queasy about thinking how that chicken got
in the nuggets? "<span style="font-weight: bold;">I'm at Peace
with My Role in the Food Chain</span>" on an apron.</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">The Useful Container of the Month Club</span>
inspired by my father the packrat</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">Vengeful Venus Day</span> -- Cranach babe
with an AK-47</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/"><span
style="font-weight: bold;">Goddess Bless America</span> -- surely
polytheists can love their country, too.</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3><a
href="feast_survey/index.html">Rayne's
SCA Feast Survey</a></h3>
<h3><a href="CV_Home.html">More about</a> the woman in charge of
Virtue
Ventures.</h3>
<a href="rbv/index.html">Memorial webpage about her father, Robert B.
Virtue</a>
<p><a href="/mail/">Email Author with comments</a> </p>
<p align="center"><a href="/store/"><br>
</a></p>
</body>
</html>
|
Virtue Ventures Main Page
# Welcome to Virtue Ventures
Folks like these pages to the tune of up to [90,000 page-views](web_stats.html) per month. (That was
02/2005!)
Twins put a dent in your free time, but eventually you have
time again!
I'm starting to update my site again after a 2 year hiatus; keep tuned
to the [What's New](articles/whats_new.html) page.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Fabric for Bachelors:](fabric/) Are you an intelligent
person who nonetheless has no idea how to find good clothes? You
need to learn about fabric. | [A wedding from 1468](articles/)[The Medieval Clothing Articles:](articles/)
Explorations of the clothing styles and accessories of the High Middle
Ages in Europe. There is now a [What's
New](articles/whats_new.html) page for this subsection. |
| [A modern chair that looks medieval](articles/home_companion.html) [A Modern Medieval Home Companion](articles/home_companion.html):
Bringing medieval decorative elements into your home. | [Cadillac Mountain](cottages/) [A
week on the Maine Coast -- what could be better?](cottages/) A family
business near Bar Harbor & Acadia National Park |
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Lobsters!](/store/) | [Geek Mandala Stein](/store/) | [My cafe press store](/store/) | [This way to the egress t-shirt](/store/) | [Middle ages falconer](/store/) |
|
[T-shirts,
mugs, and other great products. Fun art, interesting slogans:](/store/)
* [Geek Mandala and binary-numbered
clock](/store/)
* [Medieval tapestry images redrawn -
two ladies talking; a falconer on a horse, a toddler in a walker,
lovers on a bridge.](/store/)
* [This Way to the Egress -- bemuse
your friends!](/store/)
* [Ever get
frustrated when someone gets queasy about thinking how that chicken got
in the nuggets? "I'm at Peace
with My Role in the Food Chain" on an apron.](/store/)
* [The Useful Container of the Month Club
inspired by my father the packrat](/store/)
* [Vengeful Venus Day -- Cranach babe
with an AK-47](/store/)
* [Goddess Bless America -- surely
polytheists can love their country, too.](/store/)
|
### [Rayne's
SCA Feast Survey](feast_survey/index.html)
### [More about](CV_Home.html) the woman in charge of
Virtue
Ventures.
[Memorial webpage about her father, Robert B.
Virtue](rbv/index.html)
[Email Author with comments](/mail/)
| https://www.virtue.to/ |
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