Split (3)

train · 63.7k rows

text stringlengths 127 2.59k
{"id": 5129, "premise": "Speculation is the purchase of goods for later sale (or temporary sale) in order to profit from changes in their prices.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement 'Mr. Wang bought a house for his own use. After the house price rose, Mr. Wang sold the house to make a profit' is speculation.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14696, "premise": "Dumping is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F' s producers are dumping shrimp.", "hypothesis": "In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6863, "premise": "The strange phenomenon of the strange slope that occurred in the land of China has become a hot land for people to explore with its incredible magical power. Interestingly, the strange slope similar to easy uphill and strenuous downhill, in Many countries around the world have also found many places.", "hypothesis": "The option that is incorrect based on the above materials is that many people pay close attention to the incredible power of the strange slope phenomenon.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3191, "premise": "Xiao Sun cannot swim and play tennis.", "hypothesis": "According to the above statement, if Xiao Sun can play tennis, he cannot swim must be true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2344, "premise": "Roses are perhaps the most complex flowers we can see. Its flower shape, color and fragrance are ever-changing, ranging from elegant roses to curly garden roses and gems-dazzling modern hybrid roses. Today, there are more than 200 kinds of roses growing all over the world. As people constantly try to get more beautiful, fragrant, longer-blooming roses through hybridization, the common horticultural and commercial rose varieties have been updated at the rate of every five years. It is very difficult to identify a kind of rose, and even the opinions of experts often vary greatly, because the species of roses are very easy to change and cross easily; hybrid roses can not only be selected by manual control, but also form naturally in large numbers.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is that natural attributes and man-made requirements lead to the complexity of rose varieties.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1898, "premise": "As long as a person is honest, he must be a law-abiding citizen.", "hypothesis": " Most honest people obey the law is the most rebuttal to this.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11804, "premise": "Half a dozen Q40 airliners have crashed in the past two years. The manufacturer has countered claims that the Q40' s design is faulty by pointing out that, in each of the accidents, investigations indicated pilot error as the cause.", "hypothesis": "Each of the investigations identified several factors other than pilot error as subsidiary causes provides the strongest support for the manufacturer's position.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11242, "premise": "Psychologists have claimed that many people are more susceptible to psychological problems in the winter than in the summer; the psychologists call this condition seasonal affective disorder. Their claim is based on the results of surveys in which people were asked to recall how they felt at various times in the past. However, it is not clear that people are able to report accurately on their past psychological states. Ttherefore, these survey results do not justify the psychologists' claim that there is any such condition as seasonal affective disorder.", "hypothesis": "The author criticizes the psychologists' claim by questioning an assumption that the author attributes to the psychologists.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4643, "premise": "Company separation refers to the act of dividing the company into two or more independent companies in accordance with legal procedures.", "hypothesis": "In order to expand its production and operation, company A has established two subsidiaries with legal personality in country A and country B, and moved company A to country C does not belong to company separation according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4943, "premise": "Reflex refers to the regular response of an organism to stimuli with the help of the nervous system. Unconditioned reflex is an innate reflex that can be learned without learning. It is a simple reflex without any conditions, and it is an instinctive behavior. Conditioned reflexes are learned by organisms in their acquired life, only those that occur under certain conditions.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Wang went out to work and accidentally lost his belongings. He didn't eat for a few days. When he was very hungry, his stomach groaned and he swallowed when he saw food fits the definition of unconditional reflection.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11860, "premise": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument rejects an argument without evaluating its logical strength.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 919, "premise": "Generally speaking, the oil quality standard is set by the petrochemical industry, and the environmental protection department does not have the relevant oil quality supervision power. Therefore, it is difficult for the environmental protection department to take effective measures in the face of the massive emission of pollutants and the aggravation of air pollution caused by urban traffic flow.", "hypothesis": "To improve the quality of oil needs the petrochemical industry to improve the corresponding standards needs to be added as a premise to draw the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5117, "premise": "Lying is often more difficult than telling the truth, because telling the truth only needs to be stated according to the facts, and lying often wants to get appreciation or attention, or to avoid scolding and express their wishes, which must have strong imagination and logical thinking ability.", "hypothesis": "People who lack imagination and logical thinking are not good at lying can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1909, "premise": "If people leave culture, leave the creation and accumulation of culture, and leave the value and meaning of the cultural world, they will naturally lose the meaning of realistic cultural value, and it will be impossible to really realize human essence. On the other hand, if culture leaves people, it will become water without a source.", "hypothesis": "Without culture, people can realize human essence in other ways is the argument supported by this sentence.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1520, "premise": "Taking citizen satisfaction and happiness as the ultimate standard to test government work means that people-oriented is really becoming the core ruling concept of the government.", "hypothesis": " The meaning of the sentence is that People oriented has been the core concept of the government.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12563, "premise": "Notice to subscribers: In order for us to provide you with efficient and reliable newspaper service, please note the following policies. You will be billed for home delivery every four weeks, in advance. If you do not receive delivery, call us promptly to receive a replacement copy. Credit can be given only if the missed copy is reported to us within twenty-four hours and only if a replacement copy is unavailable. Request for temporary nondelivery must be made at least three days prior to the first day on which delivery is to stop. No subscription will be canceled unless the subscriber explicitly requests the cancellation beforehand and in writing.", "hypothesis": "The Daily Gazette denies Mr. Rathanan's request that he not be charged for the past two weeks of delivery of The Daily Gazette because he did not send in his advance payment two weeks ago and stated that his inaction was intended as cancellation. This denial could not be justified solely on the basis of the policy stated above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1864, "premise": "In the late Qing and early Ming dynasties, a group of Westerners went to the mountains of southwestern China for scientific research or poaching. Some of them found a small koala in the mountains, because the locals called it mountain bear or maoxiong. They also called it maoxiong in the article, why did maoxiong later become panda? After the Republic of China, some traditional books and periodicals changed from vertical to horizontal. However, the fundamental reason is that there is no clear classification of it in the field of zoology.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is that the misname panda has existed for a long time.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5325, "premise": "Reptiles are not amphibians, and all amphibians are oviparous. So all oviparous animals are not reptiles.", "hypothesis": "If you fail the exam, you have to take a second exam. The students who have the second exam can't participate in the selection of three good students. Therefore, all those who can't participate in the selection of three good students have failed the exam is the same as the problem-based reasoning form.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4748, "premise": "The new type of tablet is faster than the traditional tablet. It is installed with a new operating system. Therefore, the sales of the new type of tablet are better than that of the traditional tablet.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The use environment of some tablet users is different from that of ordinary people' can weaken the above view the most.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8402, "premise": "Convert fanaticism refers to a social phenomenon in which later converted congregations are more pious or such than those born in religious families (older congregations).", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Korean Xiaojin getting an American green card and thinking he is more American than anyone else does not belong to convert fanaticism.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2351, "premise": "early education, which originated in Germany, is an interactive activity that allows children to achieve physical, emotional, intellectual, personality, spiritual and other aspects of coordinated development and healthy growth in the process of playing and communicating with their parents. to put it simply, it is a way of interaction between parents and children, which aims to promote the growth of children. The early education of Chinese families is a different story. In a survey of early education, it is found that advanced education for young children is mainly focused on literacy, reading, computer, English and Japanese, etc.; except that many kindergartens have been involved in characteristic classes, parents spend more time taking their children to attend training courses and work on Chinese, English and math.", "hypothesis": "Early Education has deviated from the essence in China conforms to the context.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5460, "premise": "Legal evil interest refers to the thing generated from the original thing according to a certain legal relationship. It is the legal income that the owner of the original thing should obtain from specific civil legal activities such as leasing and investment.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'With the money lent by a to B, B bought the lottery and won the grand prize of 100,000 yuan' is a legal evil interest according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8097, "premise": "Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment.", "hypothesis": "A sound ecological environment is emphasized to be the well-being of people's livelihood is a literal meaning.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9778, "premise": "Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more eyes to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a road test.", "hypothesis": "The content that this text is meant to emphasize is the application of autopilot technology needs to move forward steadily.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14160, "premise": "It is a principle of economics that a nation can experience economic growth only when consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism.", "hypothesis": "Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is exclusively confidence will not experience economic growth is an application of the economic principle above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15009, "premise": "This region must find new ways to help business grow. After all, shoe manufacturing used to be a major local industry, but recently has experienced severe setbacks due to overseas competition, so there is a need for expansion into new manufacturing areas. Moreover, our outdated public policy generally inhibits business growth.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion drawn in the argument is that the region needs to find new ways to enhance business growth.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12742, "premise": "Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off. These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers. So the workers concluded that the company' s real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.", "hypothesis": " Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing would most undermine the workers' conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3068, "premise": "When many people browse the Internet, once they encounter the content that goes directly to the heart, the first thing is to find the QR code for forwarding, scan the phone quickly, store it, and share it at any time, which has become an unimaginative rule. On social media, negative emotions are often triggered by retweeted content, such as jealousy, slowness, or even anger, and the more controversial opinions and claims are, the more likely they are to be forwarded. Wharton School professors found that anger tops the list of easily shared emotions on social media, a study of China's Weibo service found. Rage spreads faster than happiness, sadness and disgust. Reflex retweets make people become indiscriminate responders, thinking less and less independently.", "hypothesis": "The negative retweet of social media is the most suitable option for the title of this paragraph.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3958, "premise": "Phobia is an irrational and inappropriate fear of an object or environment. Once faced with such an object or environment, phobia patients develop an extreme sense of fear, even though there is no danger at the time.", "hypothesis": "Qian's inability to sleep well after watching a Japanese horror movie is a phobia according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14375, "premise": "People who do not believe that others distrust them are confident in their own abilities, so people who tend to trust others think of a difficult task as a challenge rather than a threat, since this is precisely how people who are confident in their own abilities regard such tasks.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion above follows logically if the assumption 'People tend to distrust those who they believe lack self-confidence' is made.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11110, "premise": "The proposed change to the patent system is bound to have a chilling effect on scientific research. Under current rules, researchers have one full year after the initial publication of a new discovery to patent the discovery. This allows research results to be shared widely prior to the patent application. The proposed change would have the application precede initial publication, which would delay the communication of discoveries.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn above follows logically if the current rules for patent applications facilitate progress in scientific research by rewarding the communication of discoveries is assumed.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11057, "premise": "In every case of political unrest in a certain country, the police have discovered that some unknown person or persons organized and fomented that unrest. Clearly, ttherefore, behind all the cases of political unrest in that country there has been a single mastermind who organized and fomented them all.", "hypothesis": "The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which every telephone number in North America has an area code, so there must be at least as many area codes as telephone numbers in North America.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4934, "premise": "In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution and ecological imbalances, the slogan We have only one earth has a strong shock, and it reminds people to pay attention to the importance of environmental protection.", "hypothesis": "In the universe, even if there are other planets suitable for human habitation, humans cannot move to that planet is closest to the idea of the proponent of this slogan.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2804, "premise": "Zhang, Wang, Li and Zhao entered the semifinals of table tennis. The four coaches of A, B, C and D have the following predictions on the results of the semi-finals: A: Xiao Zhang did not make the finals unless Xiao Li made the finals. B: Xiao Zhang entered the finals, but Xiao Li did not enter the finals. C: If Xiao Wang enters the final, Xiao Zhao has not entered the final. D: Both Xiao Wang and Xiao Li did not make the finals.", "hypothesis": "C's prediction is correct, Xiao Wang has not made the finals, if only one of the four coaches' predictions is wrong.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2903, "premise": "As a country's general election is approaching, international politics expert Researcher Chen predicts that the outcome of the election will be that Party A controls the government or Party B controls the government. If Party A wins control of the government, the country will have economic problems; if Party B wins control of the government, the country will fall into a military crisis.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above prediction of Researcher Chen, it can be drawn that the country may not experience economic problems or fall into a military crisis.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8608, "premise": "Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"60% of respondents who are vaping say they will definitely try traditional cigarettes in the future\" best supports the above conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5114, "premise": "Export subsidy refers to the cash subsidy or financial preference given by a government to exporters when exporting certain commodities in order to reduce the price of export commodities and strengthen their competitiveness in foreign markets.", "hypothesis": "The export of bicycles produced by a company enjoying preferential tax policies is not an export subsidy according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2624, "premise": "As cultural knowledge becomes more and more important, people spend more and more time on reading, and the proportion of literati students with myopia is getting higher and higher. Even among urban workers and township farmers, many people can be seen wearing myopic glasses. However, few scholars with myopia, let alone ordinary people, were found in ancient China.", "hypothesis": "Except for \"The ancients lived at a slow pace and did not have to worry about traffic safety, so even if they suffered from myopia, the harm was very small,\" all of the other factors can explain the above phenomenon.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1452, "premise": "Many masterpieces in ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy are works of very small size, but this does not prevent the appreciation and worship of calligraphers and painters of later generations. On the contrary, in the current painting world, the fervour of the painting and calligraphy market has attracted a large number of new investors who lack experience in art to join. Because they lack cognition of the value judgment of painting and calligraphy, they mistakenly think that the bigger the painting is, the higher the value must be, and they buy some worthless masterpieces indiscriminately, and finally complain repeatedly. And some artists in order to cater to the market preferences, also no longer the immanent quality of single-minded focus on work, but is keen on their mood, blindly pursuing big, so big and empty, and the lack of ink and the connotation of blockbuster flood the market continuously, disrupted the market already, also make oneself more and more distant from the distance from the real art.", "hypothesis": "The creative mentality of some artists is closely related to market value is true according to the passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2765, "premise": "Close to his undergraduate graduation, Li Ming has achieved excellent results in all his courses. According to the regulations of the University, if his course scores are excellent in the last semester, he can be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student. Li Ming failed to get an excellent grade in one subject in the last semester, so he can't be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student.", "hypothesis": "The above argument has loopholes, because it ignores that curriculum achievement is only one aspect of measuring students' quality is the most appropriate evaluation of the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13953, "premise": "Moralist: TV talk shows are contributing to the moral decline in our country. By constantly being shown the least moral people in our society, viewers begin to think that such people are the norm, and that there is something wrong with being morally upright. TV talk show host: Well, if there is such a decline, it' s not because of TV talk shows: we simply show people what they want to see. What can be wrong with letting the viewers decide? Furthermore, if restrictions were put on my show, that would amount to censorship, which is wrong.", "hypothesis": "The TV talk show host's and the moralist's statements provide the most support for holding that they disagree about whether TV talk shows, by presenting immoral guests, are causing a moral decline.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 519, "premise": "Hydrological rhythm refers to the periodic and rhythmic changes of lake water regime. The generalized hydrological rhythm includes circadian, monthly, seasonal and interannual rhythms. Under normal circumstances, due to factors such as watershed climate and underlying surface, it is relatively stable. The multi-year average water level of the lake tends to be stable, that is, the normal annual average water level of the lake is relatively stable. The circadian rhythm has little impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the narrow hydrological rhythm refers to the monthly and seasonal rhythm.", "hypothesis": "The water surface area of Poyang Lake continues to shrink due to the dual effects of continuous reduction of rainfall and water inflow relates to hydrological rhythm in a narrow sense according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11799, "premise": "Loggerhead turtles live and breed in distinct groups, of which some are in the Pacific Ocean and some are in the Atlantic. New evidence suggests that juvenile Pacific loggerheads that feed near the Baja peninsula hatch in Japanese waters 10, 000 kilometers away. Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from turtles at the Japanese nesting sites.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement 'Loggerhead hatchlings in Japanese waters have been declining in number for the last decade while the number of nesting sites near the Baja peninsula has remained constant' most seriously weakens the reasoning above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15124, "premise": "The legislature of the Philippines voted recently to abolish the death penalty. In contrast, the death penalty remains legal in the United States. The difference in the legality of capital punishment demonstrates that the majority of American citizens believe in the death penalty, while the majority of Filipino citizens do not.", "hypothesis": "The legal status of capital punishment in the United States and the Philippines aligns with how the majority of citizens in those respective countries view the death penalty is an assumption upon which the above argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7263, "premise": "All poor countries have been plagued, and all democratic countries have not been plagued, so all democratic countries are not poor countries.", "hypothesis": "All lies are inconsistent with the facts, and the truth is consistent with the facts, so all truths are not lies is similar to the above reasoning structure.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2091, "premise": "Beber's law means that when someone experiences a strong stimulus, the first big stimulus can dilute the influence of the second small stimulus.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the verse 'I dreamt vaguely that I rode a war horse in iron armor across the frozen river' does not conform to the connotation of Beber's law.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9096, "premise": "Critical thinking in Business, a core subject at the University of Sydney's business school, was taken by 1200 students in the final exam, but more than 400 failed, 80 percent of whom were Chinese students. The University of Sydney explained: Chinese students lack critical thinking and are not good at English.The student's representative L complained: The level of English for the students admitted by the school is recognized by the school, and the entrance examination required IELTS to be 7, and we have all reached this level.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The school's requirements for the English proficiency of students for admission are the same as those for the completion of each subject after admission' is the assumption that student representative L's complaint depends on.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1162, "premise": "As a force, cultural power is not a force of direct effect, and its manifestation must be through certain genres or media, either enduring people's ideas or spiritual ideas, or materialized in certain material or spiritual products, and cultural power really exists only through spiritual or material carriers, that is to say, cultural power is not an immediate and obvious force. It is impossible for people to control and control things at will, which is one of the root reasons why people's understanding of cultural power has been very vague for thousands of years.", "hypothesis": "The interpretation of cultural power is dependent in nature is expressed by the author in this passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10380, "premise": "The students in a certain class are all football fans. During the 2014 World Cup, all the students who supported the Argentine team did not support the German team, and all the students who supported the Argentine team did not support the Brazilian team. Some students who support the American team support the German team, and some students who support the American team support the Brazilian team.", "hypothesis": "Some students who support the German team must support neither the Brazilian team nor the American team if the above statement is true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4010, "premise": "The Carell formula means that we are in a position where we can concentrate on solving problems only if we force ourselves to face the worst-case scenario and accept it mentally.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the option 'A businessman owed a large amount of debt due to poor management. He came to his relatives' farm disheartened and wanted to spend the rest of his life here. However, with the encouragement of melon farmers, he finally rose again' belongs to the Carell formula.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7881, "premise": "Jianghai District of a certain city decided to renew the appearance of four roads in Dongfeng Road, Xihe Road, Nantang Road and Beihai Road. In order to understand the opinions of the masses and formulate a new plan in line with public opinion, four comrades A, B, C and D from the relevant departments of the district government work together to carry out research. It is known that each person chooses two roads and there are exactly two people who choose each road: in the survey of each road, B and C are never in the same group. In addition, we also know: (1) if A chooses Dongfeng Road, D also chooses Dongfeng Road; (2) if C chooses Nantang Road, D also chooses Nantang Road; (3) A does not choose Nantang Road.", "hypothesis": "C choose Dongfeng Road and Xihe Road can be inferred based on the above information.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2328, "premise": "Astronomical exploration is to reveal the mysteries of the universe, while astrology is busy calculating good or bad luck for a specific person: chemistry reveals that water is made up of molecules, while the concept of so-called small molecular water concocted by manufacturers has become a typical commercial hoax: in the Soviet era, Lysenko genetics, which could not stand strict scrutiny, was so popular for a while. It is the result of Lysenko's attempt to eliminate academic competitors and Soviet authorities' attempt to scientifically prove the triumph of ideology, not that it itself is incomparably correct.", "hypothesis": "The text 'It is utilitarian, and its spread has a special purpose' is intended to illustrate pseudoscience.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13377, "premise": "Oscar: I have been accused of plagiarizing the work of Ethel Myers in my recent article. But that accusation is unwarranted. Although I admit I used passages from Myers' book without attribution, Myers gave me permission in private correspondence to do so. Millie: Myers cannot give you permission to plagiarize. Plagiarism is wrong, not only because it violates authors' rights to their own words, but also because it misleads readers: it is fundamentally a type of lie. A lie is no less a lie if another person agrees to the deception.", "hypothesis": "An author is entitled to quote freely without attribution the work of a writer if that writer relinquishes his or her exclusive right to the material would justify Oscar's judgment.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2103, "premise": "Industrial waste gas emissions are an important reason for the increase in greenhouse gases, but there are also a large amount of greenhouse gases coming from underwater. The bottom sediments of water bodies such as lakes, ponds and rivers will produce methane, which mainly emerges from the water surface in the form of bubbles and enters the atmosphere. It has been found that nutrient-rich water sediments will release more methane. Therefore, some experts suggest that in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from water bodies, the abuse of chemical fertilizers should be restricted.", "hypothesis": "The premise of the above argument is that fertilizers can easily pollute the environment through water bodies.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7928, "premise": "There are always advantages and disadvantages in doing one thing, and there are almost no advantages without disadvantages. Huainan Zi - The Instruction of The World says: Everyone knows that benefiting is the cause of illness, but the sage knows that benefiting is the cause of illness. It seems that the ancients have noticed the dialectical relationship between advantages and disadvantages.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, \"We should try our best to do no harm\" fits the text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8977, "premise": "Silent Spring, written by Rachel Carson, an American popular science writer, is regarded as the first work of modern environmental protection movement in the West. Taking DDT as the main case, this book draws the conclusion that chemicals are seriously harmful to human health and the earth's environment. The publication of this book has triggered a national debate in western countries.", "hypothesis": "The use of alternatives to DDT in developed countries is also harmful to the environment does not undermine Rachel Carson's conclusion if the statements are true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2129, "premise": "Early childhood education in the United States focuses on cultivating children's critical thinking. An important point is to distinguish between fact statements and opinion statements. Fact statements can be verified. There are true and false but not good or bad; opinions are mostly subjective. Experience, influenced by values, etc.", "hypothesis": "The slogan includes the statement that the horizontally opposed engine and left and right symmetrical full-time four-wheel drive make a Jie brand car.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3900, "premise": "The last foreign blockbuster, The Da Vinci Code, was only in Tokai for a week. The total box office of each theater withPoseidonshould be able to break 10 million yuan.", "hypothesis": "The assumption that the box office appeal of the disaster film Poseidon, which uses a lot of computer stunts, is to be expected is most likely implied by the author.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2462, "premise": "The same number of cucumber seedlings were planted in the two experimental greenhouses. Magnesium salt was applied in the first greenhouse, but not in the second. The first one produced 10 kilograms of cucumbers and the second one produced 5 kilograms. Since nothing else was applied to the greenhouse except water, the higher yield of the first greenhouse must be due to magnesium salt.", "hypothesis": "The statement that the soil quality and sunshine amount of the two experimental greenhouses are different weakens the above argument most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4427, "premise": "Technological innovation is a complete process from the generation of new products or processes to market application. It includes a series of activities from the generation of new ideas, research, development, commercial production to promotion; From commercial production to promotion, it is the process of promoting the creation of brand intellectual property rights.", "hypothesis": "By introducing international advanced technology, the iron and steel company has built an ultra-thin tropical production line, realizing the production mode of focusing on thin and replacing cold with heat, filling the gap in China belongs to technological innovation according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5280, "premise": "Law refers to the inevitable connection between things. This connection keeps recurring and often works under certain conditions.", "hypothesis": "Mr. Jiang was terrified when he saw someone walking on the iron cable at high altitude is not a law.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12716, "premise": "But if a public place is uncomfortable it is not well designed, and all comfortable public places have spacious interiors If all of the interior decorator' s statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?", "hypothesis": "Any well-designed coffeehouse or restaurant has a spacious interior, according to the interior decorator.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10205, "premise": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H and I along the eastern coast of a country, which are arranged in a straight line from north to south. At the same time, it is found that: (1) F is adjacent to H and to the north of H. (2) I and E are adjacent. (3) G is somewhere to the north of F.", "hypothesis": "The possible order of the group of islands is 4 if G is found to be the northernmost island.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10009, "premise": "According to a psychological theory, if one wants to be happy, one must maintain a close relationship with the people around him, but the great painters in the world often spend their time alone, and they do not have close interpersonal relationships most of their time.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is not valid.", "hypothesis": "An artist who has made great achievements cannot be unhappy is most likely to be assumed by the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4727, "premise": "The survey shows that very few people aged 85-90 are left-handed. Sociologists believe that this is because 80 years ago, if children ate or wrote with their left hand, they would be beaten, so they were forced to use their right hand.", "hypothesis": "Using the right hand is smarter. There is no scientific basis can be strengthened by this survey.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7566, "premise": "A famous foodie in French history has an interesting point: natural foodies are generally of medium build, with a round face, bright eyes, small forehead, low nose, plump lips, and square chin; while people who are born without a mouthful are generally thin and long faces. With large eyes and nose, no matter how tall he is, he always gives people a lanky feeling. This view of food faces is also the intuitive impression of most people of gourmet today. But, gluttonous Although it is closely related to obesity, it is not an inevitable causal relationship.Thin people who know how to eat and are good at eating are everywhere.", "hypothesis": "Some thin people neither know how to eat nor are they good at eating can be derived based on the above statement.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10848, "premise": "<b> Weight loss programs that guarantee results mislead their customers. </b> No program can ensure that someone who follows it will lose weight. These programs prey upon unhappy and insecure people who are often driven more by emotion than by reason. <b> Moreover, many people who lose weight while on a program eventually regain the weight within a year. </b> So while the programs' claims may be true for a short period, customers will be disappointed in the long run.", "hypothesis": " The two portions in boldface play the following roles: The first is evidence in support of the author's main point; the second is the author's main point.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5020, "premise": "One study found that treating the same disease with cheaper drugs was as effective as treating the same disease with more expensive drugs at the same time. Therefore, should vigorously promote the lower price of drugs to reduce medical costs.", "hypothesis": "The statement that the lower-priced drugs were higher than the higher-priced drugs in the number of times they were taken per unit time and in the dose to be taken each time would most weaken this conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2993, "premise": "Some new employees become government cadres as soon as they enter the factory. In the re-election of the factory, all Hunan workers supported Li Yang's election as factory director, and all government cadres opposed Li Yang's election as factory director.", "hypothesis": "If the above assertion is true, some new employees are not from Hunan must be true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13581, "premise": "One of the 10 computer manuals published by company T in 2005 was made for home computers. Exactly five of the advertisements released by company T featured those manuals written for home computers. Since 20 advertisements were released by company T in 2006, no more than one-quarter of them featured the computer manuals published by company T in 2005.", "hypothesis": "If the statement 'None of the graphics used in the advertisements released by company T in 2006 were done by professional artists' is true, then it allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8614, "premise": "Ordinary consumers are limited by the status of professional and vulnerable groups and cannot effectively identify false or distorted negative information. Even if companies try to clarify, in the current public opinion dissemination environment of good things don't go out, bad things spread thousands of miles, the strong memory effect will It makes it difficult for people who pursue risk aversion to change their original misconceptions, and they will still use it as a guide for consumer decision-making for a long time in the future, which makes it difficult to clarify the injustice of some law-abiding companies, and also gives Businesses have suffered serious losses.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The media popularize professional knowledge to the society by taking advantage of its convenience and easy compatibility with the public cognitive structure' would most weaken the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5023, "premise": "It is impossible to hope to bring more convenience to life through the Cloud serviceof information technology, but at the same time do not want to bear the risk of personal information being leaked.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Either choose not to use the cloud service, or choose to take the risk of personal information being leaked. It's inevitable' best describes the situation described in the passage.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 873, "premise": "Bill rights, also called rights on bills, refers to the obligation of the holder to pay the bill acceptor, the promissory note issuer, and the check holder after presenting the bill, exercise the right to request the payment of the bill. And it also refers to the right to recourse for tickets in the event if the bill is not paid, accepted or other circumstances that payment is not received on the due date .", "hypothesis": "The holder's right to change the bill on his own without the consent of the invoicer is not part of the bill rights.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4756, "premise": "Teaching monitoring ability means that in order to ensure the success of teaching and achieve the expected goals, teachers use teaching activities as consciousness objects throughout the teaching process, and continue to make adjustments actively in plan, inspect, evaluate, feedback and control", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, planning and preparation before class is not a manifestation of teaching monitoring ability.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14557, "premise": "Frieda: Lightning causes fires and damages electronic equipment. Since lightning rods can prevent any major damage, every building should have one. Erik: Your recommendation is pointless. It is true that lightning occasionally causes fires, but faulty wiring and overloaded circuits cause far more fires and damage to equipment than lightning does.", "hypothesis": "Erik's response fails to establish that Frieda's recommendation should not be acted on because it does not offer any additional way of lessening the risk associated with lightning.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12516, "premise": "Police commissioner: Last year our city experienced a 15 percent decrease in the rate of violent crime. At the beginning of that year a new mandatory sentencing law was enacted, which requires that all violent criminals serve time in prison. Since no other major policy changes were made last year, the drop in the crime rate must have been due to the new mandatory sentencing law.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The city enacted a policy 2 years ago requiring that 100 new police officers be hired in each of the 3 subsequent years' most seriously weakens the police commissioner's argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11898, "premise": "Planetary bodies differ from one another in their composition, but most of those in the Solar System have solid surfaces. Unless the core of such a planetary body generates enough heat to cause volcanic action, the surface of the body will not be renewed for millions of years. Any planetary body with a solid surface whose surface is not renewed for millions of years becomes heavily pockmarked by meteorite craters, just like the Earth' s Moon. Some old planetary bodies in the Solar System, such as Europa, a very cold moon belonging to Jupiter, have solid icy surfaces with very few meteorite craters.", "hypothesis": "Some very cold planetary bodies have cores that generate enough heat to cause volcanic action must, on the basis of the claims above, be true if the claims are true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14726, "premise": "Critic: An art historian argues that because fifteenth- century European paintings were generally more planimetric (that is, two-dimensional with no attempt at suggesting depth) than were sixteenth-century paintings, fifteenth-century painters had a greater mastery of painting than did sixteenth-century painters. However, this conclusion is wrong. Fifteenth-century European painters did not have a greater mastery of painting, for the degree to which a painting is planimetric is irrelevant to the painter' s mastery.", "hypothesis": "The argument is flawed because it takes a necessary condition for an argument's being inadequate to be a sufficient condition for an argument's being inadequate.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14063, "premise": "According to sources who can be expected to know, Dr. Maria Esposito is going to run in the mayoral election. But if Dr. Esposito runs, Jerome Krasman will certainly not run against her. Ttherefore Dr. Esposito will be the only candidate in the election.", "hypothesis": "The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which an informant says that Rustimann was involved in the bank robbery, if Rustimann was involved, Jones was certainly not involved, and since these two are the only people who could have been involved, Rustimann is the only person the police need to arrest.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 763, "premise": "Stamp effect means that when the research topic can be related to some specific things, activities and emotions, the accuracy of inference results will be greatly improved, the reasoning materials are specific, and the reasoning will be easier; Reasoning is more difficult when the material of reasoning is abstract", "hypothesis": "Galileo dropped two iron balls with different weights from the same height at the same time on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and the two iron balls landed at the same time, which confirmed that the speed of free fall had nothing to do with mass doesn't belong to stamp effects according to the definition of appeal.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14764, "premise": "From the observation that each member of a group could possess a characteristic, it is fallacious to conclude immediately that it is possible for all the group' s members to possess the characteristic. An example in which the fallacy is obvious: arguing that because each of the players entering a tennis tournament has a possibility of winning it, there is ttherefore a possibility that all will win the tournament.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Each of the candidates for mayor appears at first glance to possess the necessary qualifications. It would therefore be a mistake to rule out any of them without more careful examination\" commits the fallacy described above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2964, "premise": "A scientific research institution studies a strange phenomenon reflected by citizens, which can not be explained by existing scientific theories. Assistant researcher Xiao Wang asserted that this phenomenon is an illusion.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Wang's assertion that illusions can be explained by existing scientific theories is not true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3364, "premise": "Economic activity is people's production, exchange, distribution, consumption and closely related activities under the premise of certain economic relations. Economic relations are the mutual relations formed by people in economic activities. Among all kinds of economic relations, the dominant one is production relations.", "hypothesis": "How to deal with the relationship between politics and economy relates to the premise discussed above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11055, "premise": "Police statistics have shown that automobile antitheft devices reduce the risk of car theft, but a statistical study of automobile theft by the automobile insurance industry claims that cars equipped with antitheft devices are, paradoxically, more likely to be stolen than cars that are not so equipped.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The most common automobile antitheft devices are audible alarms, which typically produce ten false alarms for every actual attempted theft' does the most to resolve the apparent paradox.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1905, "premise": "As the result of human cognition, knowledge is a concept with great extension. It generally includes four levels or aspects, namely, common sense, experience generalization, scientific knowledge and philosophical knowledge. The so-called common sense mainly includes common knowledge such as sayings and proverbs, which is often not an understanding of the nature and laws of things. Scientific knowledge is a theoretical system, which is logical and systematic.", "hypothesis": "The argument is supported by the sentence \"Scientific knowledge contains common sense.\"", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13251, "premise": "In Metroville, the KP subway line follows the riverfront from downtown to the neighborhoods surrounding the university. No matter how many trains the subway runs on the KP line, there are always congestion and delays on the KP line. The subway submitted a proposal for an alternate subway line that would travel from downtown to the neighborhoods surrounding the university via the inland neighborhoods, hoping to draw some of the congestion from the KP line. The city hired urban planning consultants who concluded the subway' s proposal of a new line would not reduce commuter congestion on the KP line.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The most popular after-work destinations, such as riverfront restaurants and bars as well as the ballpark, would only be accessible by the current KP line' most helps to explain the urban planning consultants' position.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11070, "premise": "Professor Hartley' s new book on moral philosophy contains numerous passages that can be found verbatim in an earlier published work by Hartley' s colleague, Professor Lawrence. Ttherefore, in view of the fact that these passages were unattributed in Hartley' s book, Hartley has been dishonest in not acknowledging the intellectual debt owed to Lawrence.", "hypothesis": "Lawrence did not get the ideas in the passages in question or did not get their formulations originally from Hartley is an assumption on which the argument is based.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6918, "premise": "Nowadays, biotechnology is causing a new revolution in the field of medicine and health. People are looking forward to using bioengineering technology to produce effective therapeutic drugs. Some biologically active substances with specific therapeutic effects, such as enzymes, hormones, vaccines, interferons, immunoglobulins, Interleukins, growth factors, etc., traditional production processes are mainly extracted from animal organs, blood and urine. Due to limited resources and minimal content, the use of high-purity separation processes is difficult and expensive. These problems can be solved well by producing these drugs by biological genetic engineering methods.", "hypothesis": "Limited resources, minimal content, and the high-purity separation process being difficult has the most accurate understanding of these problems.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12271, "premise": "A recent report on an environmental improvement program was criticized for focusing solely on pragmatic solutions to the large number of significant problems that plague the program instead of seriously trying to produce a coherent vision for the future of the program. In response the report' s authors granted that the critics had raised a valid point but explained that, to do anything at all, the program needed continued government funding, and that to get such funding the program first needed to regain a reputation for competence.", "hypothesis": "The basic position taken by the report's authors on the criticism leveled against the report is that giving the report a single focus is less desirable than the critics claim.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13236, "premise": "When Cortez arrived in Mexico in A. D. 1519, he observed the inhabitants playing a ceremonial game with a rubber ball. The pre-Columbian inhabitants of Mexico began to use rubber around A. D. 1000. Thus, we can be sure that the game must have originated sometime between approximately A. D. 1000 and Cortez' arrival.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion reached above depends on the assumption that the game had been played since its inception with a rubber ball.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4344, "premise": "Administrative leadership, as a kind of behavior, refers to the process of dominating, leading and guiding the leader under a certain administrative environment in order to achieve certain administrative goals.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Documents exchanged between government agencies' belongs to the executive leadership.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11092, "premise": "Multiple use refers to the utilization of natural resources in combinations that will best meet the present and future needs of the public. Designating land as a wilderness area does not necessarily violate the multiple-use philosophy, for even when such use does not provide the greatest dollar return, it can provide the greatest overall benefit from that site.", "hypothesis": "The multiple-use philosophy takes into account some nonfinancial needs of the public is an assumption required by the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4151, "premise": "The current reforms in China means the reorganization and innovation of the social structure. The marketization of economy and the democratization of politics are the two wheels of modern society. But the development of democratic politics depends not only on the construction of democratic system, but also on the cultural identity of democratic system. Without this, democratic politics both lacks the source, and can appear the situation of operation invalidation.", "hypothesis": "The precondition of building democratic politics is to have democratic political culture can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10869, "premise": "In the last election, 89 percent of reporters voted for the incumbent. The content of news programs reveals that reporters allowed the personal biases reflected in this voting pattern to affect their news coverage: 54 percent of coverage concerning the challenger was negative, compared with only 30 percent of that concerning the incumbent.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The argument is logically most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it ignores the possibility that the electorate's voting behavior is not significantly affected by the content of coverage of candidates' is most strongly supported by the statements above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12873, "premise": "The governmental archives of a country recently freed from dictatorship contain no material incriminating the country' s most notorious dictator in certain crimes that political observers believed him to have instigated. In fact, the archives contain documents implicating others in these crimes. Ttherefore, even though this dictator was probably guilty of many other crimes, the political observers' belief that he was also guilty of these crimes is almost certainly wrong.", "hypothesis": "The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to take into account that there might be other documents exonerating those persons that the archives did implicate.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8536, "premise": "If the cost of producing a product in one country is lower than that in another country, then the country has a comparative advantage over another country in the production of this commodity.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, country A has a large population and cheap labor that attracts most mobile phone manufacturing companies of country B to set up production lines in country A. Compared with country B, country A has a comparative advantage in mobile phone production.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10569, "premise": "A committee works for two years and is composed of 4 members each year, 2 of which are from the following 4 judges: F, G, H and I, and the other 2 members are from the following 3 scientists: V, Y and Z. Each year, the committee is chaired by one member. A member who chairs the first year must retire from the committee during the second year. The person who chairs the second year must be a member of the committee during the first year. The committee members must meet the following conditions: G and V cannot be members of the committee in the same year. H and Y cannot be members of this committee in the same year. Each year, only one of I and V is a member of this committee.", "hypothesis": "If F was a member of the committee in a given year, H was not a member of the committee in that year.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13619, "premise": "Among small- to medium-sized marine mammals such as seals and dolphins, the longer an animal can stay submerged during a dive, the greater the depth the animal can reach. Dolphins can dive to greater depths than northern fur seals can, and elephant seals can stay submerged longer than Weddell seals can.", "hypothesis": "If the information above is accurate, then Weddell seals can dive to greater depths than dolphins can and can stay submerged longer than northern fur seals can is not true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8330, "premise": "Ability trap means that people always like to do things that are good at and can bring self-confidence and satisfaction, which leads to the strengthening of a single ability and the weakening of other abilities, which makes it difficult to adapt to the new requirements of social changes.", "hypothesis": "Mr. Lin is busy expanding the scale of his business all day, opening more and more chain stores, and the benefit is getting better and better, but he is neither good at nor concerned about the trivialities of daily life. His wife does all the housework such as shopping, cooking, cleaning and so on belongs to the ability trap.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14170, "premise": "Hotco oil burners, designed to be used in asphalt plants, are so efficient that Hotco will sell one to the Clifton Asphalt plant for no payment other than the cost savings between the total amount the asphalt plant actually paid for oil using its former burner during the last two years and the total amount it will pay for oil using the Hotco burner during the next two years. On installation, the plant will make an estimated payment, which will be adjusted after two years to equal the actual cost savings.", "hypothesis": "A steady increase in the price of oil beginning soon after the new burner is installed would constitute a disadvantage for Hotco of the plan described above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.