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{"id": 8545, "premise": "Telomeres are DNA fragments whose length is very long at birth and then becomes shorter and is regarded as a sign of aging. After analyzing data over the years, the researchers found that the average telomere length of women who had at least one child was 4.2% shorter than that of infertile women. This percentage is equivalent to 11 years of cell aging, outpacing the effects of smoking and obesity on cell aging. As a result, it has been suggested that having children will speed up the aging of women.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Giving birth is good for women's health and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Breastfeeding for one year can reduce women's risk of breast cancer by 30%' cannot refute the above point of view if it is true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11011, "premise": "Boreal owls range over a much larger area than do other owls of similar size. The reason for this behavior is probably that the small mammals on which owls feed are especially scarce in the forests where boreal owls live, and the relative scarcity of prey requires the owls to range more extensively to find sufficient food.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The boreal owl requires less food, relative to its weight, than is required by members of other owl species' most helps to confirm the explanation above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1581, "premise": "In fact, just as it is impossible for the New Culture Movement to shake the firm position of Confucianism in Chinese culture, the waterflooding articles and the concept of flying all over the world will not completely stifle the spirit of Puxue in the Qing Dynasty.Fond of great achievements and illusory, following the so-called heel of the West with a few nouns will only produce a pile of written rubbish, which will not be able to gain a foothold for a long time and will be despised by the Western academic circles. On the contrary, if we do not abandon our students' tradition and do knowledge in a down-to-earth manner, we can establish a strong opposite in front of Westerners.", "hypothesis": "The vain academic atmosphere makes it difficult for China to make academic achievements expresses the meaning of this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9850, "premise": "The theory of mime means that the mutual behavior between people in social life is a kind of performance to some extent. Everyone, like an actor, performs to the audience on the stage according to the requirements of a certain role in a certain scene. In the whole process of performance, people always try to make their behavior closer to the role they want to present to the audience, and the audience sees the role rather than the actor itself. When the performance is over and the actor returns backstage, his true face is revealed, and the actor returns to his original self.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, Xiao Wei was short of money but worked hard, so the boss quietly drove a limousine to pick up his parents at the airport does not prove the theory of mime.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8644, "premise": "A research paper published in a famous foreign academic journal reveals that when people are angry, there will be a series of reactions in the body, which will make the heart beat faster and endocrine disorder, and cause high blood pressure and digestive system disorder. In severe cases, it may cause vomiting or even fainting, and it can also cause skin freckles to increase in the future. Zhang San hopes that his child can go to a famous university. If he sees the grades his child are not satisfactory, he will sulk.", "hypothesis": "Based on the conclusion of the question, if it is true that the grades of two of the son of Zhang San dropped in the final exam of the semester, it can best lead to the conclusion that Zhang San is angry.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12415, "premise": "Last year a chain of fast-food restaurants, whose menu had always centered on hamburger, added its first vegetarian sandwich, much lower in fat than the chain's other offerings. Despite heavy marketing, the new sandwich accounts for a very small proportion of the chain's sales. The sandwich's sales would have to quadruple to cover the costs associated with including it on the menu. Since such an increase is unlikely, the chain would be more profitable if it dropped the sandwich.", "hypothesis": "Many of the people who eat at the chain's restaurants also eat at the restaurants of competing chains and report no strong preference among the competitors most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4900, "premise": "In addition to ABO blood group, there are other types of human blood group, such as GM blood group. GM blood group exists in human serum and shows obvious ethnic specificity. FB subtype like GM blood group is unique to Caucasians; St subtype only exists in yellow people; The C3 subtype is only found in black people.", "hypothesis": "Some Caucasians can also have st subtypes of GM blood group can be inferred.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8177, "premise": "Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex of the human body. It can regulate the synthesis and metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins. It is called glucocorticoid because its activity of regulating carbohydrate metabolism was first recognized by people. In addition, glucocorticoids can also regulate the inflammatory response, so they are often used as anti-inflammatory drugs to treat diseases caused by the overreaction of the immune system, such as allergies, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Glucocorticoids are also often used to fight inflammation in cancer patients. In cells, glucocorticoids need to interact with glucocorticoid receptors to exert their physiological functions.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this passage is Characteristics of glucocorticoid.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9678, "premise": "Parents worry that their children's over-reliance on mobile phones will damage their eyesight and see bad information. However, it is worth noting that, in addition to the influence of these shallow levels, the most important thing is that mobile learning improves students' information search ability, but also neglects the training of students' analytical ability and creative ability because of the availability of answers. these are the most important and core parts of learning.", "hypothesis": "The content that this text is meant to emphasize is that mobile learning is disadvantageous to training analysis and creativity.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8409, "premise": "In 1990, the incidence of bone fractures was very high among people over 70 years old in W city, and at the same time, the mortality rate of people over 70 years old was also very high, so it can be known that the high incidence of bone fractures led to an increase in mortality among people over 70 years old.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'In 1990, W City was experiencing war' most weakens the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10723, "premise": "Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyck. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as any one with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to the Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.", "hypothesis": "The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument and the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion is the role played by the two highlighted portions in the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11785, "premise": "For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palitito have been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to the city. There has been little parking space, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, and idling produces as much exhaust as driving. The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tour buses, so damage to Palitito' s buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminish significantly.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Some of the tour buses that are unable to find parking drive around Palitito while their passengers are visiting a site' most strongly supports the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11237, "premise": "There is evidence to suggest that our cave-dwelling ancestors polished many of their flints to a degree far surpassing what was necessary for hunting purposes. It seems, ttherefore, that early humans possessed an aesthetic sense.", "hypothesis": "Flints were often used by early humans for everyday chores other than hunting most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3438, "premise": "Recently, in the analysis of the neural circuit of experimental mice, researchers found the pathogenic gene leading to idiopathic tremor. The researchers analyzed the gene and central nervous system of experimental mice with strong tremor in the lower body during walking, and found mteneuxirr-4 in experimental mice Gene mutation resulted in no myelin sheath outside the axons of nerve cells. Nerves are similar to wires, axons are equivalent to wires in wires, and myelin sheath is like an insulating layer covering the wires. The researchers believe that the shock symptoms of experimental rats are caused by the short circuit of nerve circuits due to the abnormal formation of myelin sheath. The researchers concluded that, The reason for this shock is the same.", "hypothesis": "The precondition that humans also have the same teneuxirr-4 gene should be added if the researcher's argument is to be established.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13497, "premise": "In Australia, in years with below-average rainfall, less water goes into rivers and more water is extracted from rivers for drinking and irrigation. Consequently, in such years, water levels drop considerably and the rivers flow more slowly. Because algae grow better the more slowly the water in which they are growing moves, such years are generally beneficial to populations of algae. But, by contrast, populations of algae drop in periods of extreme drought.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The larger the population of algae in a body of water, the less sunlight reaches below the surface of the water' does most to explain the contrast.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11110, "premise": "The proposed change to the patent system is bound to have a chilling effect on scientific research. Under current rules, researchers have one full year after the initial publication of a new discovery to patent the discovery. This allows research results to be shared widely prior to the patent application. The proposed change would have the application precede initial publication, which would delay the communication of discoveries.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn above follows logically if the statement 'Delays in the communication of discoveries will have a chilling effect on scientific research' is assumed.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10558, "premise": "Philosopher: In the 18th century, a paper on the absolutism of motion asserted that the change in position of one object over time could be measured without reference to the position of any other object. However, one respected physicist claimed that the paper was incoherent. Since an incoherent treatise cannot be considered a description of reality, motion cannot be absolute.", "hypothesis": "The philosopher uses technical terms to convince others in his argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12073, "premise": "Contrary to Malthus' s arguments, human foodproducing capacity has increased more rapidly than human population. Yet, agricultural advances often compromise biological diversity. Ttherefore, Malthus' s prediction that insufficient food will doom humanity to war, pestilence, and famine will likely be proven correct in the future, because a lack of biodiversity will eventually erode our capacity to produce food.", "hypothesis": "The statement that human food-producing capacity has increased more rapidly than human population plays the role of being a part of the evidence used in the argument to support the conclusion that a well-known view is misguided.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6272, "premise": "Reading is a personal life habit, which is determined by cultural literacy. Without the pursuit of knowledge or the hobby of culture, it is difficult to imagine that people can calm down and read. The habit of reading should be cultivated from an early age. Starting from the beginning, only the love and pursuit of cultural knowledge can make us accustomed to reading. The reading habits and hobbies of Chinese people cannot be solved by a youth reading festival. Therefore, reading is still based on usual habits.", "hypothesis": "The topic of the above is Advocate reading.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 84, "premise": "1.The popularization of computers 2.The computer management society 3.The decline of ethical concepts of computer technicians 4.The leaks of computer management information 5.The increase of computer professionals 6.Informatization of the overall business management of the enterprise", "hypothesis": "Based on the following various facts, after comprehensive analysis, the most likely outcome is an increase in computer crime rate.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6653, "premise": "From newspapers to cafes to American-style shopping malls, Kuwaiti people have a dislike for the country that almost single-handedly rescued them from Iraqi military occupation. On the tidy streets of the capital Kuwait, people have speculated that, Washington prefers Saddam Hussein to remain in power to ensure that Kuwait and its weak neighbors can be firmly placed under the control of the United States.", "hypothesis": "Kuwaitis are creating public opinion to get rid of U.S. control best matches the semantics of the above text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8979, "premise": "In today's economic globalization, western cultural classics and traditions are still surviving and continuing. In the United States, the president is sworn in according to the Bible, and pupils recite the oath of a nation under the protection of God every week. In China, primary school students no longer study the classics, and there are no people to take the oath of office according to the Analects of Confucius. China has become a country that has almost lost all its cultural classics and traditions.", "hypothesis": "The reading of scriptures by primary school students is a symbol for a country and a nation to maintain its cultural classics and traditions is the hypothesis on which the above argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7524, "premise": "Second left-behind refers to left-behind children in rural areas who are moved to cities by their parents and are surrounded by strangers without friends or playmates because their parents are busy with their work every day.", "hypothesis": " In a new district street food market, xiao Ying, who was picked up by her parents in the city, helped her grandmother collect money from the vegetable seller every day. When there were no customers, she would squat on the ground and read comic books is second left-behind according to the above", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14896, "premise": "The high cost of production is severely limiting which operas are available to the public. These costs necessitate reliance on large corporate sponsors, who in return demand that only the most famous operas be produced. Determining which operas will be produced should rest only with ticket purchasers at the box office, not with large corporate sponsors. If we reduce production budgets so that operas can be supported exclusively by box-office receipts and donations from individuals, then the public will be able to see less famous operas.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The reduction of opera production budgets would not reduce the desire of large corporate sponsors to support operas' would weaken the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6887, "premise": "When can Chinese young directors also have a dynasty change of film language and film achievements, not just the fifth and sixth generation on the seniority baton? However, just like the Matthew effect, the more well-known directors are, the more favored by capital, and the hunger for opportunities and creative use of famous directors are often inferior to young directors, and the more resources young directors need, the more difficult it is to attract funds. rare opportunities once in several years first make survival an obstacle.", "hypothesis": "The text is intended to illustrate giving young directors more opportunities.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13690, "premise": "Robert: The school board is considering adopting a year-round academic schedule that eliminates the traditional three-month summer vacation. This schedule should be adopted, since teachers need to cover more new material during the school year than they do now. Samantha: The proposed schedule will not permit teachers to cover more new material. Even though the schedule eliminates summer vacation, it adds six new two-week breaks, so the total number of school days will be about the same as before.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement 'Most parents who work outside the home find it difficult to arrange adequate supervision for their school-age children over the traditional three-month summer vacation' is a response that Robert could make that would counter Samantha's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14553, "premise": "The reason J. S. Bach is remembered is not that he had a high ratio of outstanding compositions to mediocre compositions. It is rather because he was such a prolific composer. He wrote more than a thousand full-fledged compositions, so it was inevitable that some of them would be outstanding and, being outstanding, survive the ages.", "hypothesis": "Several of Bach's contemporaries who produced more works than he did have been largely forgotten most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4011, "premise": "Recognizing the land and climate requirements of species survival can provide a basis for regulating human food production and maximising the protection of species. Scientists have concluded that when rainforests are cut down into farmland, birds that need a humid climate die, while those that are suitable for arid climates survive instead.", "hypothesis": " The natural conditions of farmland are similar to those of bird habitat in arid climate best supports the scientists' conclusions.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8640, "premise": "The latest two research results have attracted people's attention: one is to use certain bacteria to produce artificial meat protein, which grows by absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which takes about 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide for every kilogram of protein; second, to synthesize ethanol from carbon dioxide and water recovered from the atmosphere, it takes 1.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kilogram of ethanol. Experts predict that these new technologies will help to achieve the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions in the middle of the 21st century.", "hypothesis": "It can be concluded that only the resource utilization of carbon dioxide can achieve zero greenhouse gas emission based on this.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5706, "premise": "In economics, the emergence of individual organizations with higher efficiency within the system will destroy or inhibit the existence and development of other organizations with lower efficiency. People call this effect tIp effect. Due to the unbalanced development among individuals, regions and countries, the tIp effect is common.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'A grain production enterprise has been in recession. After adopting advanced cultivation technology, the production scale of the enterprise expanded and the sales share began to increase' helps avoid the tip effect according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8311, "premise": "It is generally believed that the eruption of the Toba volcano more than 70,000 years ago caused the cooling of the global climate and the deterioration of the environment, and eventually led to the extinction of human beings outside tropical Africa. A recent genetic study of living populations suggests that between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, there was a process in which Africans replaced populations in other regions, and the complete substitution hypothesis holds true about the origin of modern humans. That is, Africans are the direct ancestors of people in other regions.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"After the eruption of the Toba volcano, there is still human activity outside tropical Africa\" would most question the above researchers' arguments.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10917, "premise": "Marcus: For most ethical dilemmas the journalist is likely to face, traditional journalistic ethics is clear, adequate, and essentially correct. For example, when journalists have uncovered newsworthy information, they should go to press with it as soon as possible. No delay motivated by the journalists' personal or professional interests is permissible. Anita: Well, Marcus, of course interesting and important information should be brought before the public -- that is a journalist' s job. But in the typical case, where a journalist has some information but is in a quandary about whether it is yet important or newsworthy, this guidance is inadequate.", "hypothesis": "The point made by Anita's statements is that there are common situations in which a journalist must make a decision and in which no principle of journalistic ethics can be of help.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4071, "premise": "Information industry refers to the group of related industries directly related to the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of information industry and information services in national economic activities.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, a department providing free consulting services to the society and promoting the development of information technology according to the needs of economic development is not the information industry.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2552, "premise": "Professor Li said: mineral water contains more minerals than pure water. Therefore, people who drink mineral water regularly increase the risk of stones because minerals precipitate in the kidneys.", "hypothesis": "The reason for the precipitation of minerals in the kidneys is a problem with kidney function weakens Professor Li's argument most.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14425, "premise": "Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients -- namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.", "hypothesis": " Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil can be properly inferred from the statements above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12941, "premise": "Carrillo: Using the number of existing primate species, along with measures of the genetic diversify among these primates and among the extinct primate species, our statistical model strongly supports the conclusion that the first primate developed around 81. 5 million years ago. Olson: Given that the oldest primate fossils discovered so far date back only 55 million years, your estimate of how long primate species' development has gone on is sheer speculation.", "hypothesis": "The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Carrillo and Olson disagree over whether Carrillo's statistical model is a reliable way of dating the first appearance of primate species.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5527, "premise": "Indirect committed, also known as indirect committed crime, refers to the use of others for props to commit a crime of the act. The exploiter achieves his criminal intent by dominating the tool behavior of the exploited.The exploiter and the exploited do not constitute a joint crime. It includes two scenarios, the first one is to use the inability of criminal responsibility to commit crimes, and the second one is to use the negligence of others or unwitting behavior crime.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, A, instigating the mentally ill. A cake with a knife cut with a quick feud with it. A-C is a person with full criminal responsibility capacity, and is thought to be a person without criminal responsibility is an indirect principal.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10665, "premise": "Researchers in South Australia estimate changes in shark populations inhabiting local waters by monitoring what is termed the catch per unit effort (CPUE). The CPUE for any species of shark is the number of those sharks that commercial sharkfishing boats catch per hour for each kilometer of gill net set out in the water. Since 1973 the CPUE for a particular species of shark has remained fairly constant. Ttherefore, the population of that species in the waters around South Australia must be at approximately its 1973 level.", "hypothesis": "A significant threat to shark populations, in addition to commercial shark fishing, is incidental mortality that results from catching sharks in nets intended for other fish most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14345, "premise": "Analyst: The increasing complexity of computers may lead those who pursue a career in computer programming to think that job security and higher wages can be attained by becoming more specialized as the field becomes more complex. Even though specialists earn higher wages than generalists within computer programming, this move is ill-advised because one risks specializing in a technology that will become obsolete. Consider the plight of people who used to repair eight-track tape players.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The current technological knowledge of most specialists within computer programming could also be applied to many technologies that will replace present ones' most weakens the analyst's argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9501, "premise": "Zhong Rong, a literary critic of the Southern Dynasty, commented on the works of Liu Kun in the Jin Dynasty in Shi Pin. Kun is not only a good person, but also has bad luck, so he is good at talking about mourning and chaos, and he has many words of hatred.This is to use the experience of Liu Kun's misfortune to explain why his poems are full of grief and indignation. Contemporary literary critics consciously use this method to examine works. A scholar who studied the novel iniquity Sea Flowers in the late Qing Dynasty once said that in order to understand this work, it is necessary to know people and talk about the world, and it is necessary to explore Zeng Pu's life, ideological process and creative process. It can be seen that knowing people and talking about the world is an important method for him to study evil sea flowers.", "hypothesis": "Knowing people and talking about the world has always been an important method of literary research is the main content of this text.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14779, "premise": "Not all works of art represent something, but some do, and their doing so is relevant to our aesthetic experience of them; representation is ttherefore an aesthetically relevant property. Whether a work of art possesses this property is dependent upon context. Yet there are no clear criteria for determining whether context-dependent properties are present in an object, so there cannot be any clear criteria for determining whether an object qualifies as art.", "hypothesis": "Aesthetically relevant properties other than representation can determine whether an object is a work of art is the possibility that the reasoning above fails to exclude.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 910, "premise": "The law of sufficient reason means that in the same thought and argument, a thought is always determined to be true for sufficient reasons. There are two logical requirements for the law of sufficient reason: first, the reason must be true; second, there must be a logical relationship between the reason and the inference.", "hypothesis": "She is methodical, so she must be a secretary meets the law of sufficient reason according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1631, "premise": "Thirty-five years ago, in the second-class primary school at the entrance of Gaojing Hutong, Xizhimen Street, Beijing, there were two children with different personalities: One boy, who was born stiff, shy and cowardly, cared about the surface reputation, and cried when bullied. Another boy, naturally free and easy, energetic, stored his strength in it and didn't easily show it. He was interrupted by the teacher. His tears were so painful that he wouldn't drop a tear or beg for mercy. Because of this difference in talent, Lao She and I had different ways of life.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"When I was a child, my personality was different, which led to the author and Lao She finally breaking up in the future\" is not in line with the meaning of the text.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5440, "premise": "Absolute public goods refer to goods that are used by some people without excluding and affecting the use of the goods by others, and can not distinguish users from non users and charge users.", "hypothesis": "Air is an absolute public good according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10955, "premise": "In an effort to boost sales during the summer months, which are typically the best for soft-drink sales, Foamy Soda lowered its prices. In spite of this, however, the sales of Foamy Soda dropped during the summer months.", "hypothesis": "Each of the following, if true, contributes to reconciling the apparent discrepancy indicated above EXCEPT: Foamy Soda's competitors lowered their prices even more drastically during the summer months.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {}}
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{"id": 12833, "premise": "Editorialist: There would seem to be little hazard for consumers associated with chemicals used in treated lumber because the lumber is used outside where fumes cannot accumulate. However, immediate steps should be taken to determine the safety of these chemicals since consumers could ingest them. If the lumber is used for children' s playground equipment, youngsters could put their mouths on the wood, and if it is used to contain soil in a vegetable garden, the chemicals could leach into the soil.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion of the editorialist's argument is that the chemicals used in treated lumber are apparently not dangerous to the consumer.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9229, "premise": "Some people argue that inquiry is impossible, because a man can explore neither what he knows nor what he does not know. He cannot explore what he knows, because he knows it, and there is no need to explore it; he cannot explore what he does not know, because he does not know what he is trying to explore.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The fallacy of ambiguity: there are two different meanings of knowing: knowing what the answer to the question being explored is and knowing what the question is to explore' most accurately points out the logical loophole in the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4206, "premise": "The refraction of light is an optical phenomenon, which refers to the phenomenon of deflection of direction when light is shot in by one medium, another medium, or propagated in the same uneven medium.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The sun shines on the mirror, and the students will feel very glare when they shine on the student's face from the mirror' is not a refraction of light according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 15062, "premise": "For one academic year all the students at a high school were observed. The aim was to test the hypothesis that studying more increased a student' s chances of earning a higher grade. It turned out that the students who spent the most time studying did not earn grades as high as did many students who studied less. Nonetheless, the researchers concluded that the results of the observation supported the initial hypothesis.", "hypothesis": "In each course, the more a student studied, the better his or her grade was in that course most helps to explain why the researchers drew the conclusion described above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1791, "premise": "The reality of the development of children's films in China is indeed not optimistic: our country makes 40 to 50 children's films every year. Among them, 1 dream 10 is of good quality, but it lacks specialized personnel or institutions to carry out market promotion and promotion, not to mention cinema support, let alone let primary and secondary school students know, so there are very few children's films that can be shown, even if it is released, it is hard to escape the one-day cinema tour. Does that mean that children's movies are at a dead end in China? Data show that the number of minors in China has reached 367 million, which is a huge audience. At present, most of the parents are post-70s and post-80s, many of them have movie-watching habits and film complex, and with the continuous improvement of living standards, watching movies has become more and more important spiritual needs of people. Therefore, it is also a popular trend to take children to the movies.", "hypothesis": "The present situation of the development of children's films in China is very bleak is intended to be explained in this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8138, "premise": "Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness.", "hypothesis": "According to this passage, the behavior of sacrificing self-interest to satisfy others should not be respected too much.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5862, "premise": "Previous studies have suggested that volcanic eruptions release large amounts of heat and cause the global warming, but recent studies have found that volcanic eruptions not only do not cause the global warming, but can also reduce its impact.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Volcanic eruptions inhibit certain bacteria that break down organic matter, which contains methane, a combustible gas that produces heat\" is true to support the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2405, "premise": "Recently, researchers have found that fever can promote the transfer of lymphocytes to the infected site. They explain that this is because fever increases the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in T lymphocytes, which binds to integrins and promotes T lymphocytes to adhere to blood vessels and eventually accelerate migration to the site of infection.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Fever can induce Hsp90 to bind to the tail of integrin and activate integrin' cannot support the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11633, "premise": "A major network news organization experienced a drop in viewership in the week following the airing of a controversial report on the economy. The network also received a very large number of complaints regarding the report. The network, however, maintains that negative reactions to the report had nothing to do with its loss of viewers.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The other major network news organizations reported similar reductions in viewership during the same week' most strongly supports the network's position.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6129, "premise": "According to reports, female viewers accounted for nearly 2/3 of the core audience of parent-child programs on a certain satellite TV. You can imagine a scene like this: at night, a young mother takes her young children alone, watching Dad with Children on TV at home. And the young dad may still be working overtime, socializing, or just staying in the bedroom to play games and play the computer-their children still continue the story of not being accompanied by their father. In fact, this phenomenon also happens to the mother. In many modern families, the responsibility of raising children is mainly transferred to the older generation of elderly people.", "hypothesis": "Absence of the main body of parent-child education in real life is meant to be emphasized.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 7342, "premise": "Under the conditions of a market economy, as long as opportunities are equal, legal competition, no fraud, no privileges and corruption, the emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor in the society can only be attributed to the innate differences of individuals, acquired efforts, and opportunities and luck.", "hypothesis": "It can be concluded that if deceit, privilege and corruption are rampant in society, the gap between the rich and the poor cannot be attributed to personal congenital differences, acquired efforts, opportunities and luck.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11226, "premise": "In a recent study, each member of two groups of people, Group A (composed of persons sixty-five to seventy-five years old) and Group B (composed of college students), was required to make a telephone call to a certain number at a specified time. The time when each call was initiated was recorded electronically. Group A proved far better at remembering to make a telephone call precisely at a specified time than did Group B. There were fourteen lapses in Group B but only one lapse in Group A. Clearly, at least one type of memory does not suffer as a person ages.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The same group of researchers answered the calls made by the callers in both study groups' is LEAST helpful in establishing that the conclusion above is properly drawn.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5236, "premise": "The development of contemporary economy no longer depends mainly on labor. For example, in the United States, the whole information superhighway project will take 20 years, with a total investment of 400 billion US dollars. It will cost $200 billion to install high-capacity fiber-optic lines for all 95 million homes.", "hypothesis": "The future economic development mainly depends on high technology is correct.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11091, "premise": "The five senses have traditionally been viewed as distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of stimulating the other senses. However, recent research has discovered that some people taste a banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a color and say that it has a specific smell. This shows that such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses that do not respect the usual boundaries between the five recognized senses.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The particular ways in which sensory experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a definite pattern' most seriously weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3393, "premise": "Formal communication refers to the transmission and communication of information within the organizational system according to certain organizational principles. For example, correspondence between organizations, internal communication of documents, meetings, regular exchange of information between superiors and subordinates. In addition, the group organized visits, technical exchanges, market research and so on are also included.", "hypothesis": "A Friend's party is not a formal communication channel.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11667, "premise": "Debater: As a pedagogical practice, lecturing embodies hierarchy, since the lecturer is superior to the student in mastery of the subject. But people learn best from peer interaction. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a great weakness. Respondent: By definition, all teaching and learning are hierarchical, for all teaching and learning must proceed from simple to complex. In teaching mathematics, for example, arithmetic must precede calculus. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a strength.", "hypothesis": "The respondent's reply to the debater's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the respondent applies a key concept to a different aspect of education than the aspect to which the debater applied it.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3220, "premise": "In recent years, academic misconduct and even academic corruption have become more and more serious. Some people plagiarize other people's research results, some make up experimental data, and some take patients for experiments without permission, which not only loses the bottom line of scholars, but also does not even have the bottom line of life. As a scholar, Professor Li feels very sad about this. He believes that academic corruption has reached the point where it must be punished, But the wife, who is also a scholar, said, I don't agree with you. Professor Zhang of our college is rigorous in his scholarship. He has never committed academic misconduct.", "hypothesis": "The statement \"Professor Zhang may also have academic misconduct, but it has not been found\" best refutes the wife of Professor Li's point of view.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10284, "premise": "For those who want to keep fit, the effect of alternating multiple physical exercises is better than that of a single project.A single project of exercise makes a small number of muscles developed, while the alternating multiple physical exercises can develop the body's muscle group in an all-round way, and the latter consumes more calories than the former.", "hypothesis": "If it is much more difficult to fully develop the muscle group of the human body than to promote the development of a small number of muscles, then this option most advantageously reinforces the above argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1007, "premise": "Advance payment refers to the payment of a certain amount of money to the other party according to the agreement as a guarantee of claims. After the debtor fulfills its debts, the deposit shall be offset against the price or recovered. If the party paying the deposit fails to perform the agreed obligation, it shall not have the right to request the return of the deposit; If the party receiving the deposit fails to perform the agreed debt, it shall double the deposit.", "hypothesis": "Xiao Li's payment of 20,000 yuan to the landlord after fancying a second-hand house and agreeing to sell the house to Xiao Li within a week is an advance payment according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6993, "premise": "Chinese TV people must face up to the fact that it is not the institutions and channels of these entities that pose a real challenge to television, no matter whether they are mobile phones, networks or other mobile terminals. it is the audience who is slowly changing under the immersion of these media environment. These audiences, they may be TV masses, netizens, or hand-shot mobs. The TV content has been out of the control of the producers from the moment it is delivered to them. What kind of information, fun and values these audiences will get from TV programs, and how they will interpret, derive and alter TV programs, all keep TV people awake at night.", "hypothesis": "The most likely content of this passage is how to adapt TV production to the change of audience's taste.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9376, "premise": "Australian box jellyfish is one of the most poisonous animals in the world. after stinging, its toxin can cause skin necrosis and severe pain, invade the heart and cause death due to cardiac arrest in a short period of time. A box jellyfish carries enough venom to kill 60 people, and there is no specific drug for its venom. Recently, through genome-wide screening, researchers have found that a protein called ATP2B1 in human cells is a necessary condition for box jellyfish venom to be toxic, and researchers believe that lowering cholesterol through targeted therapy can fight box jellyfish venom.", "hypothesis": "Cholesterol is needed for ATP2B1 proteins to function can be used as the premise of the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6338, "premise": "There is one difference between science and art: science emphasizes the latest discoveries, the latest laws and equations, and the pattern is always renovated, and always runs straight forward. Art is not so convenient. No matter ancient or modern, there are no existing laws or equations can be used for plagiarism and application, so that art can form a relay race like scientific research. The subtle essence of this is that fathers cannot be taught to sons, and mothers cannot be taught to daughters. Everything has to be started from scratch on their own.", "hypothesis": "The main idea of this passage is the difference between science and art.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13505, "premise": "Most land-dwelling vertebrates have rotating limbs terminating in digits, a characteristic useful for land movement. Biologists who assume that this characteristic evolved only after animals abandoned aquatic environments must consider the Acanthostega, a newly discovered ancestor of all land vertebrates. It possessed rotating limbs terminating in digits, but its skeleton was too feeble for land movement. It also breathed using only internal gills, indicating that it and its predecessors were exclusively aquatic.", "hypothesis": "The statements above, if true, most strongly support the statement 'Certain anatomical characteristics common to some aquatic animals represent an advantage for survival on land.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10091, "premise": "Scientists applied desulfurization ash from some power plants to 40 mu of saline-alkali land in Inner Mongolia. As a result, corn and grass grew in this land. The scientists concluded that the desulfurized ash from coal-fired power plants can be used to transform saline-alkali land.", "hypothesis": "The main component of desulfurization ash is gypsum, and the use of gypsum to improve saline-alkali land has a history of more than 100 years, if true, best supports the scientist's conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1446, "premise": "Domestic dogs are good friends of human beings. Although they are very different, they have a common ancestor -- the gray Wolf. Gray wolves are widely distributed around the globe, but local domestic dogs did not evolve from local wolves. Comparing the genetic diversity of domestic dog populations from different regions based on the genome D.NA., the researchers found that the highest diversity was found in domestic dog populations from southern East Asia. At the same time, the structure of the phylogenetic tree also supports the common origin of the domestic dog. In phylogenetic trees, the end of each branch represents a population, and closely related populations tend to be closer together on the tree. Domestic dogs from southern East Asia were located at the base of the phylogenetic tree.", "hypothesis": "Genome D.NA.'s research has fundamentally solved the question of the origin of domestic dogs is described in words.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4567, "premise": "Some people believe that high levels of testosterone are the main cause of heart attack in men. However, this view is wrong, because testosterone levels in men with heart disease are generally lower than those in men without heart disease.", "hypothesis": "The above discussion is based on the assumption that heart disease does not significantly reduce testosterone levels in men.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5439, "premise": "Regression education is a theory that people's life should be a process of continuous alternation and combination of learning and work. Adults who are employed after receiving compulsory education or basic education or even higher education should return to school to study when necessary.", "hypothesis": "The technicians of a factory went to the night school held by their unit to tutor English for charging belongs to regression education according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 12472, "premise": "The Testament of William Thorpe was published around 1530 as an appendix to Thorpe's longer Examination. Many scholars, however, doubt the attribution of the Testament to Thorpe because, whereas the Examination is dated 1406, the Testament is dated 1460. One scholar has recently argued that the 1460 date be amended to 1409, based on the observation that when these numbers are expressed as Roman numerals, MCCCCLX and MCCCCIX, it becomes easy to see how the dates might have become confused through scribal error.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The Testament alludes to a date, Friday, September 20, as apparently contemporaneous with the writing of the Testament, and September 20 fell on a Friday in 1409 but not in 1460' would most support the scholar's hypothesis concerning the date of the Testament.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10772, "premise": "Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, <b> any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. </b> Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last years record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and <b> there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year' s start-ups. </b>So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last years record.", "hypothesis": "The first boldface portion in the argument is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based, and the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2684, "premise": "Researcher Wang: the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation put forward by our government inspires every entrepreneur. For entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to have a perseverance. No matter what difficulties you encounter in starting a business, you must stick to it. Professor Li: for entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to dare to try new technologies. Because there are some new technologies that some big companies do not dare to try easily, this brings opportunities for entrepreneurs to succeed.", "hypothesis": "The most accurate point of the difference between Professor Wang and Professor Li is that the most important thing is to dare to meet the challenges of various entrepreneurial challenges, or dare to try new technologies that big companies do not dare to try easily.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8896, "premise": "If a crisis occurs, the company can take very effective measures to eliminate the crisis, which can actually increase the company's reputation. A very good reputation may be destroyed in an instant because of an incident; while a bad reputation often takes a long time to eliminate it.", "hypothesis": "If the above statement is true, then the statement 'It is easier to destroy a good reputation than to eliminate a bad one' is most supported.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 3001, "premise": "A report on acid rain concluded, most forests in Canada are not damaged by acid rain. Critics of the report insist that this conclusion must be changed to, most forests in Canada do not show obvious symptoms of being damaged by acid rain, such as abnormal leaf loss, slower growth or higher mortality.", "hypothesis": "Acid rain may be causing damage whose symptoms are not yet obvious, if true, provides the most logically strong justification for critics' insistence on changing the conclusions of the report.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11014, "premise": "Public health expert: Until recently people believed that applications of biochemical research would eventually achieve complete victory over the microorganisms that cause human disease. However, current medical research shows that those microorganisms reproduce so rapidly that medicines developed for killing one variety will only spur the evolution of other varieties that are immune to those medicines. The most rational public health strategy, ttherefore, would place much more emphasis than at present on fully informing people about the transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms, with a view to minimizing the incidence of such diseases.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn by the public health expert is that no one who is fully informed about the diseases caused by microorganisms will ever fall victim to those diseases.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 14724, "premise": "A large group of hyperactive children whose regular diets included food containing large amounts of additives was observed by researchers trained to assess the presence or absence of behavior problems. The children were then placed on a low-additive diet for several weeks, after which they were observed again. Originally nearly 60 percent of the children exhibited behavior problems; after the change in diet, only 30 percent did so. On the basis of these data, it can be concluded that food additives can contribute to behavior problems in hyperactive children.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'there is no way to know what changes would have occurred without the change of diet, since only children who changed to a low-additive diet were studied' is the reason why the evidence cited fails to establish the conclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5833, "premise": "Chinese car manufacturers are developing smart cars.The direct cause is the rising price of gasoline.Due to the continuous improvement of consumers' awareness of energy conservation, the development of energy-saving cars requires a lot of investment.China's FAW Group will spend 13 billion yuan on development of its own-brand cars, mainly energy-efficient cars, by 2015, while Shanghai Automotive Group plans to spend 21.4 billion yuan by 2012.The money will be used to develop energy-saving technologies for new cars and develop energy-efficient vehicles to compete.This is expected to speed up the restructuring of China's auto industry, improving the chaos of small and large enterprises.", "hypothesis": "The most likely reason for Chinese car manufacturers to invest in energy-efficient cars is that the energy-efficient cars have huge market prospects.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8608, "premise": "Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said.", "hypothesis": "The statement '20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future' best supports the above conclusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 2553, "premise": "When the Meng / Guan team won the championship at the Athens Olympic Games, there were two more pairs of athletes and they reached the finish line almost at the same time. Before the Beijing Olympic Games, it was predicted that although the Meng / Guan team did not reach their best form, it was possible to win the gold medal.", "hypothesis": "The results of the Meng / Guan group and those two couples being far better than those of the other contestants does not improve the probability of Meng / Guan winning the championship in the Beijing Olympic Games.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10590, "premise": "Fossilized teeth of an extinct species of herbivorous great ape have on them phytoliths, which are microscopic petrified remains of plants. Since only phytoliths from certain species of plants are found on the teeth, the apes' diet must have consisted only of those plants.", "hypothesis": "The argument assumes that plants of every type eaten by the apes left phytoliths on their teeth.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6154, "premise": "When discussing the differences and the pros and cons of science and religion as cognitive methods, people often put forward the view that science is not everything, and science can make mistakes. This is obviously correct. But in that discussion, no one claimed that Under the condition that science is always correct, actively inserting this view is obviously using the fact that all cognitive methods are not perfect to deliberately confuse different cognitive methods. This is extremely misleading.", "hypothesis": "The author wants to say that the idea that science can go wrong can sometimes confuse the audience according to this text.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11297, "premise": "Start-up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means. Source of financing, ttherefore, must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company than are such factors as the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur, the quality of strategic planning, or the management structure of the company.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur' most seriously weakens the argument above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 9925, "premise": "A unit conducted a year-end evaluation, after a democratic vote, identified A, B, C, D, E five people as the candidates for the first prize. In the selection of five into four, the following factors need to be taken into account: 1) at least one of C and D is selected. 2) if E is selected, then An and B are also selected. 3)Of the three people in A and B and D, at most 2 were selected.", "hypothesis": "The option D is not in the fourth according to the above statement.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 10420, "premise": "After all the cold dishes of a banquet are served, there are seven hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan cuisine: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese cuisine: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions :(1) neither sichuan cuisine nor cantonese cuisine can be served consecutively. (2) P cannot go up before Q unless the second one goes up Q. (3) P must go up before X. (4) M must go up before K, and K must go up before N.", "hypothesis": "The fifth upper X may be true if the third is M.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4955, "premise": "Origin thinking refers to setting people or things to an origin, often returning to the origin for thinking, performing state comparison, correcting deviations, and constantly moving toward the goal.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'frequent communication' belongs to origin thinking.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4553, "premise": "Due to gene mutation, cells proliferate and differentiate uncontrollably, and eventually develop into malignant tumors. There are many abnormal proteins encoded by mutant genes on the surface of cancer cells. It is reasonable to say that these abnormal proteins should be recognized by the body's immune system in time, and trigger an immune response to remove cancer cells at one stroke. However, due to the rapid development of tumor cells, they are very good at camouflage, Moreover, it is constantly mutated. In the face of fierce and resourceful tumor cells, the originally powerful immune cells seem to be unable and even turn a blind eye to some tumor cells. The immunosuppression formed in the tumor microenvironment makes the immune system paralyzed.", "hypothesis": "According to the above information, the study that compares the lifestyle and personality characteristics of patients with malignant tumors with those of healthy people to find out the risk factors inducing tumor incidence may contribute to the development of effective antitumor drugs.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 5417, "premise": "The necessary condition refers to a relationship between two sentences. If the false sentence is false, it can be concluded that sentence B is false, then sentence A is the necessary condition of sentence B", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Salesperson at the jewelry counter is either a college student or a beautiful girl' is a necessary condition for the statement 'The salesperson at the jewelry counter is a beautiful girl.'", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6763, "premise": "Genomics research shows that the human genome contains 20 to 25000 genes, but so far, using gene detection technology, only more than a thousand disease genes can be found, and all of them are single gene diseases. However, polygenic diseases in humans are still a blind spot for technical testing. In this regard, the existing genetic test results all use high, medium, low or a certain percentage range to indicate the risk probability of an individual suffering from a certain disease, which simply cannot reach the so-called 100% accuracy. In addition, even if the genetic test results are normal, the possibility of getting sick cannot be ruled out.", "hypothesis": " The main content of this text is that the current gene detection has its limitations in the application of technology.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 8097, "premise": "Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment.", "hypothesis": "We call on the people to participate in the construction of ecological civilization is a literal meaning.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13787, "premise": "Physician: The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y, but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y. Ttherefore, since there is an effective treatment for Y but no treatment for X, we must act on the assumption that the patient has a case of Y.", "hypothesis": "The physician's reasoning could be based on the principle that when only one strategy carries the possibility of success, circumstances must as much as possible be changed to fit this strategy.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 13781, "premise": "Gas station owner: Increased fuel efficiency reduces air pollution and dependence on imported oil, which has led some people to suggest that automobile manufacturers should make cars smaller to increase their fuel efficiency. But smaller cars are more likely to be seriously damaged in collisions and provide less protection for their occupants. Greater fuel efficiency is not worth the added risk to human lives; ttherefore, manufacturers should not seek to increase fuel efficiency.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the gas station owner's argument is flawed because the argument concludes, on the basis of the claim that one means to an end is unacceptable, that the end should not be pursued.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 11335, "premise": "Of the two proposals for solving the traffic problems on Main Street, Chen' s plan is better for the city as a whole, as is clear from the fact that the principal supporter of Ripley' s plan is Smith Stores. Smith Stores, with its highly paid consultants, knows where its own interest lies and, moreover, has supported its own interests in the past, even to the detriment of the city as a whole.", "hypothesis": "The faulty reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to the statement that the planned light-rail system will clearly serve suburban areas well, since its main opponent is the city government, which has always ignored the needs of the suburbs and sought only to protect the interests of the city.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 1047, "premise": "A study found that a pair of right-handed couples are only about 9.5% likely to have left-handed children. If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed rises to 19.5%. If both parents are left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed is 26%. Therefore, the researchers believe that the habit of using left and right hands is genetically affected.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement that a study of twins found that 50% of twins are left-handed and one is right-handed can weaken the above view.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 4388, "premise": "The term emergency risk avoidance refers to an act that may not be taken to damage the legitimate rights and interests of another party in order to protect the state, public interests, personal, property and other rights of oneself or others from ongoing danger.", "hypothesis": "Du was chased and bitten by a mad dog in the street. In a hurry, he kicked open Liu's door and rushed into the house belongs to emergency risk avoidance.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6727, "premise": "Individuals always live in certain institutional arrangements, and Chinese traditional Confucian institutional arrangements are mostly informal, emphasizing the internalization of behavior rules, neglecting external compulsory constraints, and having high flexibility.", "hypothesis": "Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can flexibly adjust their own rules of behavior with the understanding of their own institutional rules is correct.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6301, "premise": "In terms of novel concept, it is an inevitable road from truth to fiction, and Chinese novelists are also on this inevitable road, consciously or unconsciously moving away from historical narration. At the same time, from the rise and prosperity of vernacular books to imitative vernacular books, short stories and novels, Chinese novelists absorb the nutrients of various language forms, moving away from the classical Chinese tradition on the road of gradual evolution from the vernacular language tradition.", "hypothesis": "Chinese novelists got rid of the narrative mode with historical stories as the theme, such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Water Margin is incorrect in explaining the meaning of the two moving away of Chinese novelists mentioned in this paragraph.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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{"id": 6086, "premise": "Chinese consumers' understanding and requirements for cars have changed greatly, and their values and understanding of cars will affect their intention to buy cars. In the survey of multiple car purchase indicators, we found that we no longer emphasize a single indicator, but safety performance is still the most concerned indicator for consumers to buy cars, accounting for 8.6% in our survey; Secondly, it focuses on the handling performance of the car; The third is quality durability; Then there are appearance, comfort, brand reputation, image, power performance and used car value. Even the index proportion of the brand behind has reached 8.1%.", "hypothesis": "Consumers' attention to car brands shows a downward trend is consistent with the meaning of the text.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
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