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{"id": 4208, "premise": "A product is slow to sell, either because of poor quality, or because the price is too high, or because the advertising promotion is not done well. After analysis, the quality of the product is very good.", "hypothesis": " The product is not sold because the price is too high, nor because the advertising promotion is not done well is based on the above materials.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9783, "premise": "Science and art are like the two sides of a coin, which are based on human creativity and pursue the universality of truth. Scientific communication is also a kind of creative activity, in which practitioners transform science into content that is easy for the public to understand by various means and ways, so as to realize communication, stimulate people's awareness and appreciation of science, and form an objective and rational attitude towards science. In this process, it is also necessary to combine science with art. From the perspective of academic peer communication, many famous academic journals have artistic covers, which are the result of the combination of science and art. Science communication for the general public needs to combine education with fun, and its significance is nothing more than to emphasize that the dissemination of information should be grafted into artistic means, so as to touch the nerves of the public and resonate with them.", "hypothesis": "The most suitable title for this passage is 'Science communication is also an art'.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9027, "premise": "In recent years, there has been a popular argument in western public opinion that huge demand from China has led to soaring prices of raw materials such as oil, grain, steel and so on.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Between July and September this year, demand from China was still growing, but the price of oil on the international market plummeted by nearly 1/3' can raise the greatest challenge to the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13288, "premise": "In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease. An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville' s public water supply has had a high level of pollutants. Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville' s water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.", "hypothesis": "Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted does not provide additional support for the researchers' hypothesis.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5982, "premise": "Biometrics refers to the way people use computers and optics, acoustics, high-tech tools such as biosensors and biostatistics combine and use the body's inherent physiological features (such as veins, faces, irises, fingerprints, etc.) and behavioral features (such as handwriting, voice, gait, etc.) to determine the identity of the individual.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above definition, a secret-related place setting up strict access control where people can enter only after the password is correctly entered and the name of the staff member with access rights is handwritten on the resistance screen is most likely to use biometrics.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3873, "premise": "The content of the law of exclusion is that in the same thinking process, two contradictory thoughts for the same object must be true and not false at the same time. The content of the law of contradiction is: in the same thinking process, any thought They cannot conflict with each other, and they cannot affirm a thought and negate it at the same time; because a thought and its negation cannot be both true at the same time.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, they think that socialist consciousness should not be instilled into the minds of young people, but they think that it is wrong to deny this statement violates the law of exclusion.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14986, "premise": "Citizen: Our legislators need to act quickly to counter the effects of the recession, especially the present level of unemployment, which is the highest ever. We urgently need a major tax cut for our upper-income citizens. There would then be a correspondingly large increase in investment that would create new jobs. If this measure is not taken, investment will not grow.", "hypothesis": " The assumption that the greater the tax cut given to a group of people, the more likely it is that members of that group will invest the money is required for the citizen's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2595, "premise": "Mutual respect is the basis of mutual understanding, and mutual understanding is the premise of mutual trust. In the interaction between people, self-respect and self-confidence are also very important. No one respects people who have no self-respect. No one trusts anyone he doesn't respect.", "hypothesis": "People who do not respect themselves are not trusted by anyone can be drawn from the above statement.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9021, "premise": "In recent years, the number of Sichuan restaurants in big cities in China is increasing. This shows that more people choose to go to restaurants instead of entertaining guests at home.", "hypothesis": "Sichuan restaurants are more popular than other restaurants in big cities all over the country must be true in order for the above conclusion to be true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12471, "premise": "Dietitian: Many diet-conscious consumers are excited about new fake fat products designed to give food the flavor and consistency of fatty foods, yet without fat' s harmful effects. Consumers who expect the new fat substitute to help them lose weight arc likely to be disappointed, however. Research has shown that when people knowingly or unknowingly eat foods containing fake fat, they tend to take in at least as many additional calories as are saved by eating fake fat. ", "hypothesis": "The conclusion of the dietitian's argument is that people tend to take in a certain number of daily calories, no matter what types of food they eat.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7453, "premise": "The slogan at the entrance of a forest farm clearly reads, No destruction of forests! Violators will be fined! One day, a nearby villager Yang went to the forest farm to cut down a tree and was waiting to be transported down the mountain by the forest ranger. Zhang found that Zhang not only criticized Yang, but also asked for a fine on Yang. Yang was dissatisfied with the fierce debate between the two sides. Yang said, I cut down a tree, not a forest, you should not fine me.", "hypothesis": "Zhang's logical rebuttal is that those who destroy the forest will be fined. A tree you cut is also a forest.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9392, "premise": "There is a very complex relationship between genes, traits and diseases. the most primitive way to decipher this relationship is the gene linkage analysis established in the middle of the last century: by comparing the similarities and differences of chromosome bands or genetic markers of different members of families affected by genetic diseases, locate disease-causing genes on chromosomes. This method has made a lot of achievements in the study of single-gene genetic diseases, but its disadvantage is that the resolution is limited, so it is difficult to accurately locate a single gene.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is that there are obvious defects in the method of gene linkage analysis.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13573, "premise": "Alissa: If, as the mayor says, the city can no longer continue to fund both the children' s museum and local children' s television programming, then it should cease funding the television programming. The interactive character of the exhibits at the museum makes for a richer educational experience than watching television, which is largely passive. Greta: We should stop funding the museum, not the television programming, because, as the mayor has also pointed out, the museum reaches a much smaller audience.", "hypothesis": "On the basis of their statements, it can be inferred that Alissa and Greta disagree on whether the city should cease funding local children's television programming if continuing to fund it would mean that the city would have to cease funding the children's museum.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11013, "premise": "A law is successful primarily because the behavior it prescribes has attained the status of custom. Just as manners are observed not because of sanctions attached to them but because, through repetition, contrary behavior becomes unthinkable, so societal laws are obeyed not because the behavior is ethically required or because penalties await those who act otherwise, but because to act otherwise would be uncustomary.", "hypothesis": " As with manners and other customs, laws vary from society to society is utilized by the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10474, "premise": "Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way.", "hypothesis": "The option 'If God does not exist, we choose to believe in God, which will lead to our wrong understanding of the world and muddle through our lives' best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11130, "premise": "If the flowers Drew received today had been sent by someone who knows Drew well, that person would have known that Drew prefers violets to roses. Yet Drew received roses. On the other hand, if the flowers had been sent by someone who does not know Drew well, then that person would have sent a signed card with the flowers. Yet Drew received no card. Ttherefore, the florist must have made some sort of mistake: either Drew was supposed to receive violets, or a card, or these flowers were intended for someone else.", "hypothesis": "Some people send flowers for a reason other than the desire to please most weakens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3804, "premise": "Sea election refers to a direct election in which no candidate is nominated.", "hypothesis": "The option 'Daxing village election village secretary, the use of self-recommendation, voters vote, get more votes elected method' is not a sea selection.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5287, "premise": "Social values are the concept of helping others held by social workers. It is a kind of altruism and respects the rights and choices of recipients. It believes that social work is a real service process, not the power of social workers in their hands.", "hypothesis": "Views on helping activities does not belong to social values.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6389, "premise": "In fact, a kind of cultural poverty is shadowing criticism as old arts such as fiction and drama fade from the limelight and give way to new arts such as film and television,a kind of cultural poverty is hanging over all kinds of criticism. In the face of a powerful industrial culture , cultural criticism has become almost promotional advertising.", "hypothesis": "Cultural poverty makes all kinds of cultural criticism impossible is what the passage means that a kind of cultural poverty is overshadowing all kinds of criticism.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4392, "premise": "Robbery is an act of forcibly seizing public and private property by violence, coercion or other means on the spot for the purpose of illegal possession.", "hypothesis": "Zheng riding a motorcycle saw Tian walking with an exquisite leather bag, pulling the leather bag belt from behind and trying to grab the leather bag belongs to robbery.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15004, "premise": "Most hospitals have treatment options for cancer patients. All hospitals are able to treat all kinds of burn victims as well as all kinds of Neurology disorders. Ttherefore, there must be some hospitals that treat both cancer and burn victims and some hospitals that treat both cancer and Neurology disorders.", "hypothesis": "The pattern of flawed reasoning in which the argument 'Most certainly, most insects are helpful to humans, for almost all insects have an exoskeleton or three parts (a head, thorax, and abdomen), or both, and there are some insects that are helpful to humans and have exoskeletons and some that are helpful to humans and have three parts' is most parallel to that in the argument above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4439, "premise": "Song Jiang, Lin Chong and Wu Song each bought a car, namely BMW, Audi and Land Rover. Wu Yong guessed that Song Jiang chose Land Rover, Lin Chong would not choose Audi, and Wu Song certainly did not choose Land Rover, but he only guessed the choice of one of them.", "hypothesis": "Song Jiang chose Audi, Lin Chong chose BMW and Wu Song chose Land Rover can be inferred.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11978, "premise": "J. J. Thomson, the discoverer of the electron and a recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics, trained many physicists, among them seven Nobel Prize winners, 32 fellows of the Royal Society of London, and 83 professors of physics. This shows that the skills needed for creative research can be taught and learned.", "hypothesis": "J. J. Thomson was an internationally known physicist, and scientists came from all over the world to work with him is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 714, "premise": "A unit plans to organize trade union activities to visit the nearby ancient town. It needs to count the number of participants. Xiao Chen said: if it doesn't rain, I have no reason not to go. Xiao Wang said: January 1 is my child's birthday, and I must accompany him at home. As long as it doesn't happen on this day, I can't go. Xiao Liu said: if it rains, I won't go. Xiao Zhang said: if someone goes, I will go. December 29 On Tuesday, the person in charge of the trade union informed that the trade union activity was scheduled for the day after tomorrow. I hope everyone can make arrangements, and the weather forecast says it is impossible to rain this week", "hypothesis": "This leads to Xiao Zhang will go, Xiao Wang won't.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5316, "premise": "The development and utilization of limited natural resources, the allocation of public resources, and the market access of specific industries directly related to public interests can establish administrative licenses. Administrative agencies shall make decisions on these matters through fair competition such as bidding and auctions. Where laws and administrative regulations have other provisions, follow those provisions. Based on this provision, the use and allocation of a large number of limited public resources in society can set administrative licenses. And licenses in this field are franchises.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, tobacco monopoly license and production license of narcotic drugs belong to administrative franchise.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7636, "premise": "A few milliseconds of reaction time is critical when a speeding car needs to brake immediately. Sometimes, just a few meters away is the key to life and death. Recently, researchers used a simulated driving system and eye tracking technology to test the speed at which five groups of subjects responded to moving traffic signs. It was found that moving traffic signs did make subjects react more quickly. Therefore, they suggested that the relevant departments should replace all the original traffic warning signs with more dynamic signs in order to improve the reaction speed of drivers.", "hypothesis": "If true, the statement 'When drivers understand the practical significance of the more dynamic traffic warning signs, their reaction speed will be reduced to the previous level' is the best indicator that the researchers' recommendations are not meeting their goals.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14223, "premise": "Pandas are rapidly disappearing from the wild. Ttherefore, in order to preserve the species, existing pandas should be captured and placed in zoos around the world.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Many zoos are eager to increase their stock of rare and exotic animals, but there are not enough pandas for all the zoos that want one' casts most doubt on the conclusion drawn above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3068, "premise": "When many people browse the Internet, once they encounter the content that goes directly to the heart, the first thing is to find the QR code for forwarding, scan the phone quickly, store it, and share it at any time, which has become an unimaginative rule. On social media, negative emotions are often triggered by retweeted content, such as jealousy, slowness, or even anger, and the more controversial opinions and claims are, the more likely they are to be forwarded. Wharton School professors found that anger tops the list of easily shared emotions on social media, a study of China's Weibo service found. Rage spreads faster than happiness, sadness and disgust. Reflex retweets make people become indiscriminate responders, thinking less and less independently.", "hypothesis": "The negative retweet of social media is the most suitable title for this paragraph.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11808, "premise": "Critics: Not so. The farms the academy selected to study were the ones that seemed most likely to be successful in using natural methods. What about the farmers who have tried such methods and failed? Which one of the following is the most adequate evaluation of the logical force of the critics' response?", "hypothesis": "The statement that \"it is not relevant whether the instances studied were representative\" is the issue in the Science Academy study.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12751, "premise": "John wants to win the annual Mayfield raffle next year because he needs the Mayfield raffle' s prize. If he enters more than one raffle next year, the likelihood of his winning one of them would be greater than if he entered only a single raffle. Hence, to have this greater likelihood of winning the Mayfield prize, John should enter several other raffles next year.", "hypothesis": "The flaw in reasoning exhibited by the argument is confusing the likelihood that at least one event in a set of events will occur with the likelihood that a designated event in that set will occur.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11043, "premise": "In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Yet Highway Safety Department records show that making use of headlights mandatory at all times does nothing to reduce the overall number of collisions.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Only very careful drivers use headlights when their use is not legally required' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12941, "premise": "Carrillo: Using the number of existing primate species, along with measures of the genetic diversify among these primates and among the extinct primate species, our statistical model strongly supports the conclusion that the first primate developed around 81. 5 million years ago. Olson: Given that the oldest primate fossils discovered so far date back only 55 million years, your estimate of how long primate species' development has gone on is sheer speculation.", "hypothesis": "The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Carrillo and Olson disagree over whether the available sample of primate fossils is representative of the variety of primate species that have existed.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10420, "premise": "After all the cold dishes of a banquet are served, there are seven hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan cuisine: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese cuisine: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions :(1) neither sichuan cuisine nor cantonese cuisine can be served consecutively. (2) P cannot go up before Q unless the second one goes up Q. (3) P must go up before X. (4) M must go up before K, and K must go up before N.", "hypothesis": "The fourth one goes K may be true if the third is M.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10919, "premise": "In 1883, the Indonesian island Krakatoa, home to a massive volcano, seemingly disappeared overnight as an eruption rent the entire island apart, catapulting rock and debris into the atmosphere. For the next few years, as ash circled the entire globe, the average world temperature dropped by several degrees Fahrenheit. Ttherefore, an eruption of similar power in terms of the amount of debris ejected into the atmosphere will likely cause the average temperature around the world to drop by several degrees.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The eruption of the Indonesian island of Tambora was even larger than that of Krakatoa, yet the average world temperature did not drop as much as it did following the eruption of Krakatoa' best challenges the main claim of the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2668, "premise": "In the bidding process of a certain project, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, Sun Bin, Li Ting, Zhou Wu and Wu Ji participated in the bid as representatives of their respective companies, and only one person won the bid. Three members of the bidding group expressed their own views on who was the winning bidder: (1) the winning bidder was either Zhao Jia or Qian Yi; (2) the winning bidder was not Sun Bin; and (3) Zhou Wu and Wu Ji did not win the bid. After in-depth investigation, it is found that the view of only one of the above three people is correct.", "hypothesis": "Based on the above information, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, and Li Ting can be determined not to win the bid.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3323, "premise": "According to medical records, the global incidence of cancer in the second half of the 20th century than the first half of the increase of nearly 10 times, become a threat to human life of the first killer. This shows that the global ecological imbalance caused by the rapid economic development marked by high technology in the second half of the 20th century is an important cause of cancer.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'High technology has greatly improved the accuracy of medical diagnosis and the coverage of such accurate medical diagnosis in the world' can weaken the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1300, "premise": "Change the concept of development and effectively enhance the consciousness and firmness of coordinated development. Our party puts forward the concept of coordinated development in order to make up for the shortcomings of development and solve the problem of unbalanced development. Although China's economic and social development has made great achievements, there are also problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. There is an urgent need to change the concept of development, especially to enhance the integrity of development, coordination. In the current decisive period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must change our ideas, unify our thoughts and actions with the new development concept, correctly handle the major relations in development, broaden the development space in coordinated development, strengthen the potential for development in making up for shortcomings, enhance the country's soft power while enhancing the country's hard power, and make the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, synchronous lifting.", "hypothesis": "The concept of development and the problem of unbalanced development are intended to be emphasized.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5255, "premise": "Scientists have recently discovered that the small dinosaur named Cheng Hiu Ting Lung is the relative of Archaeopteryx and is very closely related to Archaeopteryx that lived in the late Jurassic. By analyzing the morphology of Archaeopteryx and comparing bird-like dinosaurs with The phylogenetic relationship of early birds was re-analyzed, and it was concluded that Archaeopteryx was not a bird, but a primitive Deinonychus. That is, Archaeopteryx is the ancestor of Velociraptor, not the ancestor of birds.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Deinonychus is a kind of bird closely related to dinosaurs' best questions the above conjecture.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 446, "premise": "Scientists found that one of the main reasons for the rapid increase of diabetes in children under the age of 5 is that they are not exposed to bacteria and germs in childhood. Those who live in rural areas have more opportunities to get along with pets because of the earlier exposure to the substances carrying bacteria, and the risk of allergies, asthma, eczema and other diseases is very low. An environment in which bacteria are eliminated too thoroughly may harm children's health.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Most bacteria are good for health, and people's health and longevity are inseparable from normal flora' can best support the above conclusion if true.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12712, "premise": "Most popular historical films are not documentaries; they are dramatic presentations of historical events. Such presentations cannot present the evidence for the accuracy of what they portray. Consequently, uninformed viewers of dramatic historical films should not regard them as accurate portrayals of historical events.", "hypothesis": "The principle that one should never regard a historical account to be accurate unless one has considered the evidence on which it is based most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 911, "premise": "There are many drugs that can clear away heat in modern medicine, such as aspirin. Aspirin can reduce fever because prostaglandin E2 is the messenger that tells the brain to hypothermia, and aspirin can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. So aspirin is a good medicine for clearing away heat.", "hypothesis": "If the above argument is to be established, Prostaglandin E2 can affect body temperature can be supplemented as a premise.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6847, "premise": "Each biological cell can be seen as a miniature battery or a miniature magnetic pole. After accurately measuring the magnetic activity of the human body, it is believed that the sources of biological magnetism may be: (1) the magnetic field produced by the movement of biological charge, (2) the induction field produced by biomagnetic materials, that is, some substances in living tissues have certain magnetism, the induced magnetic field produced by them under the action of geomagnetic field or external magnetic field, and (3) the magnetic field produced by strong magnetic materials in living organisms.", "hypothesis": "There is an electric charge in the organism, which moves to produce a magnetic field does not meet the meaning of this paragraph.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13233, "premise": "Downtown Petropolis boasted over 100 large buildings 5 years ago. Since then, 60 of those buildings have been demolished. Since the number of large buildings in a downtown is an indicator of the economic health of that downtown, it is clear that downtown Petropolis is in a serious state of economic decline.", "hypothesis": " Significantly fewer than 60 new large buildings have been built in downtown Petropolis during the past 5 years is an assumption required by the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12657, "premise": "Residents at a retirement community always play card games for two hours, starting at 3: 00 p. m. every afternoon. Although it is clear that the residents take pleasure in this activity, they never continue their games for longer than two hours. Caregivers assume that since card games require great concentration and strain on the elderly residents' eyes, playing for more than two hours would give the residents headaches that would interfere with their ability to play bingo in the evenings.", "hypothesis": "Residents at the retirement community are served dinner at 5:00 p.m. every evening most seriously calls into question the caregivers' explanation.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11414, "premise": "Factory manager: One reason the automobile parts this factory produces are expensive is that our manufacturing equipment is outdated and inefficient. Our products would be more competitively priced if we were to refurbish the factory completely with new, more efficient equipment. Ttherefore, since to survive in today' s market we have to make our products more competitively priced, we must completely refurbish the factory in order to survive.", "hypothesis": "The reasoning in the factory manager's argument is flawed because this argument fails to make a definite recommendation and instead merely suggests that some possible course of action might be effective.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11075, "premise": "Quality control investigator: Upon testing samples of products from our supplier that were sent by our field inspectors from various manufacturing locations, our laboratory discovered that over 20 percent of the samples were defective. Since our supplier is contractually required to limit the rate of defects among items it manufactures for us to below 5 percent, it has violated its contract with us.", "hypothesis": "The quality control investigator's argument is flawed because it presumes, without providing justification, that the field inspectors were just as likely to choose a defective item for testing as they were to choose a nondefective item.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9027, "premise": "In recent years, there has been a popular argument in western public opinion that huge demand from China has led to soaring prices of raw materials such as oil, grain, steel and so on.", "hypothesis": "Between July and September this year, demand from China was still growing, but the price of oil on the international market plummeted by nearly 1/3 can raise the greatest challenge to the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6968, "premise": "According to the price theory, the cost is the basic component of the product value, which determines the lowest limit of the product price. If the price is lower than the cost, the enterprise will not be profitable; the market demand affects the customer's understanding of the product value, and then determines the upper limit of the product price; while the market competition condition adjusts the price to fluctuate constantly between the upper limit and the lower limit and finally determines the market price of the product.", "hypothesis": "The main content of this text is that the pricing of enterprise products is bound to be higher than the cost regardless of market demand and market competition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11955, "premise": "Whenever an artist endowed with both a high level of artistic skill and a high degree of creativity combines these two abilities in the process of creating an artwork, the resulting product is a great work of art. Moreover, no work of art can be great unless both of these elements are combined in its execution. Thus, great works of art are necessarily rare.", "hypothesis": "A high degree of creativity and a high level of artistic skill are seldom combined in the creation of a work of art is an assumption required by the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1835, "premise": "The specific stage of social development defines the corresponding social culture, the specific social culture determines the corresponding wealth culture, and the specific wealth culture determines the corresponding concept of wealth. Only when the concept of wealth taken from the people and used by the people has become the more common social judgment and pursuit of the value of wealth, only those entrepreneurs who really understand and identify with the wealth philosophy of even if they run out of money will start all over again and are keen on philanthropy will emerge in large numbers.", "hypothesis": "The main point of view supported by this passage is that the stage of social development determines the specific charity entrepreneur.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1826, "premise": "In 1923, the Preparatory Conference for the Unification of Mandarin decided to adopt the Beijing phonetic standard to promote language and dialect throughout the country, not as a tool of communication, but as a cultural carrier.At present, the miniaturization of dialects, even if the culture of one side fades, maintaining the coexistence of dialect national language and common language is conducive to maintaining cultural diversity. While popularizing Putonghua, dialects should also be given some room for expression.And the dialect is not large, applied to one side of the land, but also can enrich the color of the common language, such as happy to pay for the high and unfinished buildings and other words have entered the common language vocabulary, and have some development.", "hypothesis": "Promoting bilingualism is conducive to maintaining the characteristics of traditional culture and local culture is the gist of the above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11026, "premise": "Dead, rotting logs on the forest floor provide the habitat for a small mammal, the red-backed vole, which subsists almost entirely on the portion of certain specialized fungi which grows aboveground. The fungi-spores are deposited on the forest floor by the voles. Some of the fungi that develop from these spores form underground sheaths around the fine roots of growing trees, and assist the trees by processing and sharing nutrients and producing an antibiotic which protects the trees from disease.", "hypothesis": "The information above provides the most support for the conclusion that dead and decaying trees are the ideal environment for the growth of certain fungi.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9854, "premise": "Sonic boom is that when the aircraft breaks through the sound barrier, due to the compression of the air can not spread rapidly, it will gradually form a shock surface. The highly concentrated acoustic energy on the shock surface causes a loud sound, which makes people feel a short and extremely strong explosion. Sonic boom occur only when they break through the sound barrier, that is, flying at supersonic speeds. The sonic booms cloud is a conical cloud with the aircraft as the central axis and spreads uniformly from the front of the wing to all sides. It is mainly due to the fact that the velocity of the air flow is faster than the conduction speed of the air when breaking through the speed of sound, which can not effectively pull down the airflow, resulting in a decrease in density, a decrease in air pressure, and water vapor condensing into tiny water droplets, which looks like a cloud-like state to the naked eye. Sonic boom cloud often appear in transonic flights, but not only in transonic flights.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, supersonic flight when sonic boom occurs is correct.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11725, "premise": "The shooting at the convenience store occurred just before dawn this morning, and the last police officer did not leave the scene until late this afternoon. With all the commotion, no one could have been anywhere within the vicinity of the scene of the shooting and fail to notice it. Jeffrey must have noticed the scene, no matter what he says. He admits that he went to work as usual that morning, and the only way for him to get from his home to his worksite is to go past the convenience store.", "hypothesis": "The main conclusion of the argument is that Jeffrey noticed the scene of the shooting this morning.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 571, "premise": "In a report analyzing the results of the 2008 Olympic wrestling program, it is suggested that in the competition. Athletes in red suits won about 55 % of the rounds. Defeated the competitor in blue suits. Therefore, wearing a red suit in a wrestling event is beneficial to an athlete winnng.", "hypothesis": "The statement that athletes in blue suits won more races than athletes in red suits can weaken the conclusion of the above argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7314, "premise": "Some theories are quite abstract. Therefore, some abstract theories are difficult to understand.", "hypothesis": "In order for this reasoning to be correct, some theories are hard to understand must be added as a prerequisite.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2765, "premise": "Close to his undergraduate graduation, Li Ming has achieved excellent results in all his courses. According to the regulations of the University, if his course scores are excellent in the last semester, he can be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student. Li Ming failed to get an excellent grade in one subject in the last semester, so he can't be exempted from the examination to study as a graduate student.", "hypothesis": "The above argument has loopholes, because it ignores that curriculum achievement is only one aspect of measuring students' quality.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12344, "premise": "Fossil-fuel producers say that it would be prohibitively expensive to reduce levels of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels enough to halt global warming. This claim is probably false. Several years ago, the chemical industry said that finding an economical alternative to the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroying the ozone layer would be impossible. Yet once the industry was forced, by international agreements, to find substitutes for CFCs, it managed to phase them out completely well before the mandated deadline, in many cases at a profit.", "hypothesis": "The statement that there are ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions that could halt global warming without hurting profits of fossil-fuel producers significantly more than phasing out CFCs hurt those of the chemical industry most strengthens the argument.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1038, "premise": "Social barrier refers to the trade protection measures taken by a country in international trade on the pretext of the working environment and the right to live of workers from other countries.", "hypothesis": "Country A was affected by the economic crisis and a large number of domestic workers lost their jobs. In order to create employment opportunities for workers, the government of country A stopped the import trade with other countries is a social barrier.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8751, "premise": "Ms. Zheng said that the GDP growth rate of Hengyuan City was higher than that of Yiyang City in the past decade, so the economic outlook of Hengyuan City was better than that of Yiyang City.Mr. Hu said, I don't agree with you. Although the GDP growth rate of Hengyuan City is higher than that of Yiyang City, the GDP value of Yiyang City is higher.", "hypothesis": "The focus of the dispute between Ms. Zheng and Mr. Hu is whether a city's GDP growth rate must mean that the economic prospect is good.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10061, "premise": "European fern is a poisonous weed that has spread and destroyed many pastures in the northern hemisphere in recent years. A cheap and self-sustaining way to deal with this weed is to introduce the plant's natural enemies. As a result, some scientists have suggested that fern-eating moths from the southern hemisphere could be re-stocked to the northern hemisphere affected by the weed as a way to control fern growth.", "hypothesis": "In addition to eating European ferns, the stocked moths also eat other weeds that grow in the northern hemisphere is necessary for the success of the scientist's proposal to control the European fern.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5245, "premise": "Red tourism refers to the revolutionary memorial site after the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, the memorial and the revolutionary spirit carried as the attraction, organize and receive tourists to visit and tour, realize the learning of the revolutionary spirit, accept the revolutionary traditional education and the spirit of inspiration. Relax and increase the experience of tourism activities.", "hypothesis": "Storytelling does not belong to the characteristics of red tourism according to the above definition.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7165, "premise": "An economist said that the market economy is an open economy. China's unremitting efforts to enter the WTO are fundamentally an inevitable choice caused by domestic market-oriented reform. The solution of many problems in China depends on external forces. From a deeper and broader perspective, the WTO is the last important international organization China has joined. This is the last major diplomatic action for China to stand on its own in the forest of nations in the world, and it is also a significant sign and strong signal of its full return to the international stage. Therefore, it has been pointed out that the political significance of China's accession to the WTO is greater than the economic significance.", "hypothesis": "Without domestic market-oriented reform, it is difficult for China to achieve the results of China's entry into WTO cannot be drawn based on the information provided.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12390, "premise": "Moral integrity in business is of the highest concern, for businesses that lose their integrity cannot survive. By definition, a business that has lost its integrity is no longer integrated; hence businesses that lose their integrity literally disintegrate.", "hypothesis": "The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument contains a key term that shifts in meaning from one sense to another.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7757, "premise": "Speech fusion refers to the gradual convergence of two accents that communicate frequently without realizing it.", "hypothesis": "After Xiao Huang came to work in a seaside town in the south, she watched local dialect TV programs every day to imitate the pronunciation of the announcer. Six months later, her tone, tone and words sounded like a native is voice fusion.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12548, "premise": "In recent years, networks of fiber-optic cable have been replacing electrical wire for transmitting telecommunications signals. Signals running through fiber-optic cables deteriorate, and so the signals must be run through a piece of equipment called a regenerator before being transmitted farther. Light-Line is the leading manufacturer of signal regenerators. Ttherefore, Light-Line is one of the companies that will most benefit if new long-distance fiber-optic telecommunications networks are constructed.", "hypothesis": " Several manufacturers are developing regenerator technologies that will allow signals to be transmitted many times farther than at present before requiring regeneration casts the most doubt on the prediction about Light-Line's prospects.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14668, "premise": "In a recession, a decrease in consumer spending causes many businesses to lay off workers or even to close. Workers who lose their jobs in a recession usually cannot find new jobs. The result is an increase in the number of people who are jobless. Recovery from a recession is defined by an increase in consumer spending and an expansion of business activity that creates a need for additional workers. But businesspeople generally have little confidence in the economy after a recession and ttherefore delay hiring additional workers as long as possible.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'Sometimes recovery from a recession does not promptly result in a decrease in the number of people who are jobless' is supported by the statements above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4162, "premise": "Peak experience: in the process of pursuing self-realization, after the pursuit of basic needs and satisfaction, a kind of psychological satisfaction and sense of accomplishment which is at the top and transcends space-time and self-realization.", "hypothesis": "The viewers in front of the TV show their heroic mood when they see a Chinese-made rocket traveling through space is not a peak experience.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2253, "premise": "Code-switching: the use of more than one language or dialect to communicate in the same conversation.", "hypothesis": "Mr. Ma receives visiting customers and explains his company to them in Mandarin, and knowing that there are two Shaanxi customers, he immediately holds up the Shaanxi dialect and they talked about a few words does not belong to code-switching.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3446, "premise": "Several major power enterprises in country T recently jointly announced that they will give up domestic coal unless the price of domestic coal is reduced. The spokesman said that at present, the price of imported coal has been reduced to less than US $100 per ton, while the price of domestic coal remains high. However, people in the coal industry said that once the price of coal continues to decline, small and medium-sized coal mines will survive hard, The production power of large coal mining enterprises will also be seriously insufficient, and the whole domestic coal production industry will face a severe situation. After a period of time, people in the industry judged that the current domestic coal production enterprises have a severe situation.", "hypothesis": "The judgment of the industry must be based on the fact that domestic coal enterprises reduced coal production during this period.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2124, "premise": "Harm payment refers to that in the process of performance of the contract, the performance behavior of the debtor in the contractual relationship does not conform to the provisions of the contract, and such improper performance behavior causes damage to the creditor's performance interests other than personal injury or other property damage other than the target of payment.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement that 'A electronic mall signed a purchase agreement with the supplier B, and B supplied the faulty charging bank to A. A consumer bought the charging bank of A mall, which exploded when using, injuring a hand' does not reflect harm payment.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11459, "premise": "Humans began to spread across North America around 12, 000 years ago, as the climate became warmer. During the same period the large mammals that were once abundant in North America, such as the mastodon, the woolly mammoth, and the saber-toothed tiger, became extinct. Thus, contrary to the myth that humans formerly lived in harmony with the rest of nature, it is clear that even 12, 000 years ago human activity was causing the extinction of animal species.", "hypothesis": "In calling the idea that humans once lived in harmony with nature a myth, the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it presupposes what it attempts to prove.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessary Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12321, "premise": "Last year, pharmaceutical manufacturers significantly increased the amount of money they spent promoting new drugs, which they do mainly by sending sales representatives to visit physicians in their offices. However, two years ago there was an average of 640 such visits per representative, whereas last year that figure fell to 501. So the additional promotion must have been counterproductive, making physicians less willing to receive visits by pharmaceutical sales representatives.", "hypothesis": "Most physicians who agree to receive a visit from a pharmaceutical sales representative will see that representative more than once during a given year if true, most weakens the argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6669, "premise": "Management science was gradually formed and developed after World War 2. It is based on engineering science, using operations research, systems engineering and other science and computer technology to solve sales management, material management, production management, and personnel management In order to achieve a management theory and method that effectively utilizes human, material and financial resources.", "hypothesis": "Management science is an emerging discipline mainly supports the argument of this passage.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10557, "premise": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "hypothesis": "The statement 'The US, Japan, India and other countries took advantage of China's aircraft carrier's trial flight to stir up a new China threat theory' best explains the expert's seemingly contradictory attitude.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5030, "premise": "At a company's end-of-year party, the host put a prize in each of the 3 boxes and let Xiao Li, Xiao Guo, Xiao Yang, Xiao Li guess how many prizes were placed in each box. Xiao Li said: Box 1 is the third prize, Box 2 is the special prize, Box 3 is the first prize. Xiao Guo said: Box 1 is the second prize, Box 2 is the special prize, Box 3 is the fourth prize. Xiao Yang said: Box 1 is the consolation prize, Box 2 is the third prize, Box 3 is the fifth prize. Xiao Li said: Box 1 is the second prize, Box 2 is the fourth prize, Box 3 is the consolation prize.", "hypothesis": "The second box contains a Special Prize if one person guesses two correctly and the other three guess only one correctly.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10831, "premise": "In the paintings by seventeenth-century Dutch artist Vermeer, we find several recurrent items: a satin jacket, a certain Turkish carpet, and wooden chairs with lion' s head finials. These reappearing objects might seem to evince a dearth of props. Yet we know that many of the props Vermeer used were expensive. Thus, while we might speculate about exactly why Vermeer worked with a small number of familiar objects, it was clearly not for lack of props that the recurrent items were used.", "hypothesis": "If a dearth of props accounted for the recurrent objects in Vermeer's paintings, we would not see expensive props in any of them is an assumption required for the conclusion to follow logically.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12102, "premise": "All of John' s friends say they know someone who has smoked 40 cigarettes a day for the past 40 years and yet who is really fit and well. John does not know anyone like that and it is quite certain that he is not unique among his friends in this respect.", "hypothesis": "Most of John's friends are not telling the truth must also be true if the statements in the passage are true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4740, "premise": "The extinction of biological clusters refers to the sudden death of a large number of organisms within more than one geographic area in a relatively short geological period, causing the number of biological species to suddenly and drastically drop in a short time.", "hypothesis": "At the end of the Permian period, about 250 million years ago, 96% of the species on the earth became extinct, of which 90% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct belongs to the extinction of biological clusters according to the above definition.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15081, "premise": "Outsiders in any field often believe that they can bring in fresh, useful solutions that have been overlooked by insiders. But in fact, attempts at creativity that are not grounded in relevant experience are futile. Problems can be solved only by people who really understand them, and no one gains such understanding without experience.", "hypothesis": "Those people who are experienced in a field rarely overlook creative solutions is most strongly supported by the information above.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1491, "premise": "Wechat provides a vibrant public life, which makes it difficult to reach a consensus on public discussion rules. The renovation speed of social tools is far faster than the formation speed of public discussion rules. In other words, this rapidly gushing discussion enthusiasm and the pleasure of just getting rid of realistic rules make people unwilling to be subject to any framework, so that in recent years, what rules to follow to debate, It has also become a common topic of public debate. As an expert said, shared media can promote the development of social forces independent of the state, but it obviously needs a long multi-dimensional collision and repeated struggle to take shape. Wechat not only promotes the freedom of individual discourse and the equality of discourse power, but also makes this standing in line and tearing more frequent and lower cost.", "hypothesis": "The evolution of social tools has brought great impact and challenges to the rules of public discussion is what the passage mainly says.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2313, "premise": "The input of most parents has a significant positive predictive effect on their children's academic investment.The degree of parental investment decreases with the increase of their children's grades.At the same time, most parents pay more attention to the investment in home tutoring, and lack of investment in their children's participation in community and school activities. The parenting style of parental independent support or control plays a moderating role in the relationship between parental investment and children's academic investment, and partly through the mediating variable of meeting the children's academic psychological needs.", "hypothesis": "Parents input and parenting style will inevitably have an impact on their children's academic investment can be inferred.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14586, "premise": "Consumer advocate: One advertisement that is deceptive, and thus morally wrong, states that gram for gram, the refined sugar used in our chocolate pies is no more fattening than the sugars found in fruits and vegetables. This is like trying to persuade someone that chocolate pies are not fattening by saying that, calorie for calorie, they are no more fattening than celery. True, but it would take a whole shopping cart full of celery to equal a chocolate pie' s worth of calories. Advertiser: This advertisement cannot be called deceptive. It is, after all, true.", "hypothesis": "A true statement should be regarded as deceptive if it is made with the expectation that people hearing or reading the statement will draw a false conclusion from it is a principle that would do most to support the consumer advocate's position against the advertiser's response.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4933, "premise": "In a trial, the judges voted for all the contestants,", "hypothesis": "It can be deduced from this that more than one judge voted for all the contestants.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5739, "premise": "The schematic function of a sentence refers to the expression of a certain notice, warning, command or request through a sentence, with the purpose of asking others to do or not to do a certain behavior in accordance with the thought expressed in the sentence.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the statement 'The sales department should be in a meeting now' does not reflect the schematic function of the sentence.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2406, "premise": "More than 230 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above have occurred in a state since 2014, compared with an average of one a year before 2008. Frequent seismic activity has raised questions and some researchers have found that since 2014, in order to prevent toxic waste water from drilling and hydraulic fracturing in oil production from polluting surface water, start injecting this waste water into the impervious layers of underground rocks, which is likely to be the key cause of the earthquake.", "hypothesis": " The state had fewer but larger earthquakes before 2008 and there have been many earthquakes since 2014, but the magnitude is small can best support the above conjecture.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10594, "premise": "Leona: If the average consumption of eggs in the United States were cut in half, an estimated 5, 000 lives might be saved each year. Thomas: How can that be? That would mean that if people adopt this single change in diet for ten years, the population ten years from now will be greater by 50, 000 people than it otherwise would have been.", "hypothesis": "It is accurate to say that 5,000 lives have been saved as long as 5,000 people who would have died in a given year as a result of not changing their diet, did not do so -- even if they died for some other reason is a statement that Leona could offer Thomas to clarify her own claim and to address the point he has made.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 231, "premise": "Trojan horse program is currently a relatively popular virus file. Unlike ordinary viruses, it does not reproduce itself, nor does it deliberately infect other files. It pretends to be a normal file to attract users to download and execute. The trojan horse opens the portal of the computer of the users, so that the applicator can destroy and steal the files in the computer of the users at will, and even remotely control their computers.", "hypothesis": "According to the above definition, the main harm caused by the trojan horse program is stealing user privacy.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7985, "premise": "Since the reform and opening up, there has indeed been a wealthy class. However, this class is rare compared with the majority of the people. The growth point of China's luxury consumption is mainly in the middle class. It is their advanced consumption that supports luxury Product market. China's current middle class is far from being compared with the middle class in developed countries in terms of income level, consumption capacity or consumption structure.", "hypothesis": "The main point the author wants to express in this passage is that my country's middle class leads the trend of consumption.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14668, "premise": "In a recession, a decrease in consumer spending causes many businesses to lay off workers or even to close. Workers who lose their jobs in a recession usually cannot find new jobs. The result is an increase in the number of people who are jobless. Recovery from a recession is defined by an increase in consumer spending and an expansion of business activity that creates a need for additional workers. But businesspeople generally have little confidence in the economy after a recession and ttherefore delay hiring additional workers as long as possible.", "hypothesis": "The statements above, if true, provide most support for the conclusion that workers who lose their jobs during a recession are likely to get equally good jobs when the economy recovers.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14200, "premise": "In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11 percent of drivers ages 21-24 were in serious accidents. By contrast, only 3 percent of licensed drivers 65 and older were involved in serious accidents. These figures clearly show that the greater experience and developed habits of caution possessed by drivers in the 65-and-older group make them far safer behind the wheel than the younger drivers are.", "hypothesis": " Drivers 65 and older do not, on average, drive very many fewer miles per year than drivers 24 and younger is an assumption on which the argument depends.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11925, "premise": "Essayist: Computers have the capacity to represent and to perform logical transformations on pieces of information. Since exactly the same applies to the human mind, the human mind is a type of computer.", "hypothesis": "The flawed pattern of reasoning in which individual animals sacrifice their lives when the survival of their offspring or close relatives is threatened and human beings are similarly often willing to sacrifice their own well-being for the good of their community closely resembles the flawed pattern of reasoning in the essayist's argument.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7997, "premise": "Every time the government introduces an economic policy, it will change the income expectations of some interest groups. Out of self-interest, these interest groups always try to offset the loss caused by the policy through various behavior choices. At this time, if the government really changes the original policy, the result will not only invalidate the policy issued by the government, but also make the government's ability of economic regulation and control decline continuously due to the loss of credibility.", "hypothesis": "The main statement of this passage is 'Factors that must be considered when formulating economic policies'.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10070, "premise": "Three Chinese students, Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, and Li Shan, and three foreign students, John, Jessie, and Anna, went on a summer vacation. The optional tourist destinations are Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie. Already know: (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever there are Chinese students, there must be foreign students; (3) wherever there are foreign students, there must be Chinese students; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.", "hypothesis": "If Jesse goes to Dalian, John goes to Hangzhou must be true.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3486, "premise": "Although the main power of society is still in the hands of men, although men's abstract thinking and physical strength are better than women, more and more psychologists and physiologists believe that men are physically and psychologically weaker than women. , And there are many shortcomings.", "hypothesis": " More and more researchers believe that women have no shortcomings can be inferred.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8546, "premise": "Recently, scientists have confirmed for the first time that lizards sleep in two states: rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS). In REM, the brain produces high-frequency electric waves and rapid eye movements, which are associated with dreaming. Scientists speculate that lizards, like humans, dream during sleep.", "hypothesis": "Human dreams occur in the stage of rapid eye movement should be added as a premise for scientists to speculate.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15073, "premise": "At HappyDay farms, seasonal staff is employed to pick apples during the harvest season each year. This staff is trained to identify and select only high quality apples, table-worthy apples. As part of this process, apples that have been visibly damaged by insects or disease are left to rot in the fields. The farmer who owns the property and sells the fruit is, ttherefore, less well informed about potential problems with his crops, such as insect infestations, than are the pickers themselves.", "hypothesis": "The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that the farmer obtains all of his information about problems with fruit quality from no source other than the pickers.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9960, "premise": "A company has a six-story office building. The company's finance department, planning department, administration department, sales department, human resources department, R & D department and other six departments work here, each department occupies one floor. It is known that: (1) the floors of the human resources department and the sales department are not adjacent; (2) the finance department is on the lower floor of the planning department; (3) the floor of the administration department is above the planning department, but below the human resources department.", "hypothesis": "The two departments on the first floor and the second floor may be the Planning department and the sales department, respectively.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6295, "premise": "A city issued a purchase restriction order. After that, many netizens expressed their support for the purchase restriction order, and hoped that the house prices in the city would fall under the influence of the purchase restriction order. According to the survey results of SouFang.com, one month after the introduction of the purchase restriction order, nearly 70% of netizens expressed dissatisfaction with it. They believed that the regulation effect during this month was not good and not as effective as expected.", "hypothesis": " The main content of the above passage is A city issued a purchase restriction order.", "label": "not-entailment", "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10580, "premise": "Any government practice that might facilitate the abuse of power should not be undertaken except in cases in which there is a compelling reason to do so. The keeping of government secrets is one such practice. Though government officials are sometimes justified in keeping secrets, too often they keep secrets for insubstantial reasons, and in so doing they wind up enabling abuses of power. When government officials conceal from the public the very fact that they are keeping a secret, this practice opens up even greater opportunity for abuse.", "hypothesis": "A government official who justifiably keeps a secret should not conceal its existence without having a compelling reason to do so can be properly inferred from the statements above.", "label": "entailment", "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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