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The Dempster–Laird–Rubin paper established the EM method as an important tool of statistical analysis. <arg1> the EM method </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> an important tool of statistical analysis </arg2> 1 |
The Dempster–Laird–Rubin paper established the EM method as an important tool of statistical analysis. <arg1> the EM method </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> a tool of statistical analysis </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> economists </arg1> <rel> are predicting </rel> <arg2> the same </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> economists </arg1> <rel> are predicting </rel> <arg2> a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> economists </arg1> <rel> are predicting </rel> <arg2> a Goldilocks scenario </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> a year </arg1> <rel> had a </rel> <arg2> relatively healthy global economic growth </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> the same </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario </arg2> 1 |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth, economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too-hot nor too-cold Goldilocks scenario, but with little sight of the three bears. <arg1> the same </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> a Goldilocks scenario </arg2> 1 |
The idea is that all is pretty much on track for growth that will be stronger than in 2017. <arg1> growth </arg1> <rel> will be stronger than </rel> <arg2> in 2017 </arg2> 1 |
Part of this may come from the fact that forecasters generally got it wrong last year, underclubbing this year’s economic performance, particularly for the euro zone and Japan. <arg1> forecasters </arg1> <rel> got it wrong </rel> <arg2> last year </arg2> 1 |
Part of this may come from the fact that forecasters generally got it wrong last year, underclubbing this year’s economic performance, particularly for the euro zone and Japan. <arg1> forecasters </arg1> <rel> underclubbed </rel> <arg2> this year economic performance </arg2> 1 |
Part of this may come from the fact that forecasters generally got it wrong last year, underclubbing this year’s economic performance, particularly for the euro zone and Japan. <arg1> this year </arg1> <rel> has </rel> <arg2> an economic performance </arg2> 1 |
The International Monetary Fund, for example, saw 2017 global growth at 3.4 percent with advanced economies advancing 1.8 percent. <arg1> The International Monetary Fund </arg1> <rel> saw </rel> <arg2> 2017 global growth </arg2> 1 |
The International Monetary Fund, for example, saw 2017 global growth at 3.4 percent with advanced economies advancing 1.8 percent. <arg1> The International Monetary Fund </arg1> <rel> saw </rel> <arg2> advanced economies </arg2> 1 |
The International Monetary Fund, for example, saw 2017 global growth at 3.4 percent with advanced economies advancing 1.8 percent. <arg1> 2017 global growth </arg1> <rel> was </rel> <arg2> 3.4 percent </arg2> 1 |
The International Monetary Fund, for example, saw 2017 global growth at 3.4 percent with advanced economies advancing 1.8 percent. <arg1> advanced economies </arg1> <rel> advanced </rel> <arg2> 1.8 percent </arg2> 1 |
It now reckons them at 3.6 percent and 2.2 percent. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> reckons </rel> <arg2> them </arg2> 1 |
It now reckons them at 3.6 percent and 2.2 percent. <arg1> them </arg1> <rel> was </rel> <arg2> 3.6 percent </arg2> 1 |
It now reckons them at 3.6 percent and 2.2 percent. <arg1> them </arg1> <rel> was </rel> <arg2> 2.2 percent </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> had </rel> <arg2> the euro zone </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> had </rel> <arg2> Japan </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> predicted the growth of </rel> <arg2> the euro zone </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> predicted the growth of </rel> <arg2> Japan </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> the euro zone </arg1> <rel> grew </rel> <arg2> 1.5 percent </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> Japan </arg1> <rel> grew </rel> <arg2> 0.6 percent </arg2> 1 |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. <arg1> the euro </arg1> <rel> has </rel> <arg2> a zone </arg2> 1 |
It now has them at 2.1 percent and 1.5 percent. <arg1> It </arg1> <rel> has </rel> <arg2> them </arg2> 1 |
“Faster growth is reaching roughly two-thirds of the world’s population,” the IMF said in a December blog post. <arg1> Faster growth </arg1> <rel> is reaching </rel> <arg2> two-thirds of the world ’ s population </arg2> 1 |
“Faster growth is reaching roughly two-thirds of the world’s population,” the IMF said in a December blog post. <arg1> the IMF </arg1> <rel> said </rel> <arg2> “ Faster growth is reaching roughly two-thirds of the world ’ s population , ” </arg2> 1 |
“Faster growth is reaching roughly two-thirds of the world’s population,” the IMF said in a December blog post. <arg1> the IMF </arg1> <rel> has </rel> <arg2> a blog </arg2> 1 |
This performance has made some economists optimistic. <arg1> This performance </arg1> <rel> has made </rel> <arg2> some economists </arg2> 1 |
Nomura is among the more bullish: “Global growth has far more self-reinforcing characteristics at present than at any time over the last 20-30 years.” <arg1> Nomura </arg1> <rel> is among </rel> <arg2> the more bullish </arg2> 1 |
Nomura is among the more bullish: “Global growth has far more self-reinforcing characteristics at present than at any time over the last 20-30 years.” <arg1> Nomura </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> bullish </arg2> 1 |
Nomura is among the more bullish: “Global growth has far more self-reinforcing characteristics at present than at any time over the last 20-30 years.” <arg1> Global growth </arg1> <rel> has more </rel> <arg2> self-reinforcing characteristics at present </arg2> 1 |
Nomura is among the more bullish: “Global growth has far more self-reinforcing characteristics at present than at any time over the last 20-30 years.” <arg1> Global growth </arg1> <rel> has </rel> <arg2> self-reinforcing characteristics </arg2> 1 |
There are huge numbers of potential political and economic risks to the status quo. <arg1> risks to the status quo </arg1> <rel> are </rel> <arg2> political and economic </arg2> 1 |
There are huge numbers of potential political and economic risks to the status quo. <arg1> economic risks </arg1> <rel> threaten </rel> <arg2> the status quo </arg2> 1 |
There are huge numbers of potential political and economic risks to the status quo. <arg1> potential political risks </arg1> <rel> threaten </rel> <arg2> the status quo </arg2> 1 |
There are huge numbers of potential political and economic risks to the status quo. <arg1> political risks </arg1> <rel> threaten </rel> <arg2> the status quo </arg2> 1 |
But as in the fairy tale, let’s go with just three: central banks, trade, and bubbles. <arg1> central banks </arg1> <rel> are a risk to </rel> <arg2> a year of relatively healthy global economic growth </arg2> 1 |
But as in the fairy tale, let’s go with just three: central banks, trade, and bubbles. <arg1> trade </arg1> <rel> is a risk to </rel> <arg2> a year of relatively healthy global economic growth </arg2> 1 |
But as in the fairy tale, let’s go with just three: central banks, trade, and bubbles. <arg1> bubbles </arg1> <rel> is a risk to </rel> <arg2> a year of relatively healthy global economic growth </arg2> 1 |
In the first case, the danger is that there will be a policy mistake, squeezing debtors. <arg1> a policy mistake </arg1> <rel> would squeeze </rel> <arg2> debtors </arg2> 1 |
In the first case, the danger is that there will be a policy mistake, squeezing debtors. <arg1> a policy mistake </arg1> <rel> is </rel> <arg2> a danger </arg2> 1 |
The second relates to renewed U.S. protectionism or anger over Chinese exports triggering tit-for-tat, growth-stifling trade barriers. <arg1> renewed U.S. protectionism </arg1> <rel> could trigger </rel> <arg2> trade barriers </arg2> 1 |
The second relates to renewed U.S. protectionism or anger over Chinese exports triggering tit-for-tat, growth-stifling trade barriers. <arg1> anger over Chinese exports </arg1> <rel> could trigger </rel> <arg2> trade barriers </arg2> 1 |
The second relates to renewed U.S. protectionism or anger over Chinese exports triggering tit-for-tat, growth-stifling trade barriers. <arg1> trade barriers </arg1> <rel> stifle </rel> <arg2> growth </arg2> 1 |
The third is about sudden market losses that dry up spending and demand. <arg1> The third </arg1> <rel> is about </rel> <arg2> sudden market losses </arg2> 1 |
The third is about sudden market losses that dry up spending and demand. <arg1> sudden market losses </arg1> <rel> could dry up </rel> <arg2> spending </arg2> 1 |
The third is about sudden market losses that dry up spending and demand. <arg1> sudden market losses </arg1> <rel> could dry up </rel> <arg2> demand </arg2> 1 |
Tokyo ( ˈtoʊkioʊ , Japanese : toːkʲoː ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . |
The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . |
It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . |
Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . |
Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . |
It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . |
Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 Tōkyō - fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 Tōkyō - shi ) . |
Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a " metropolitan prefecture " , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . |
The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo ( each governed as an individual city ) , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . |
The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . |
The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . |
The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . |
In 2011 , the city hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world , at that time . |
Tokyo ranked third ( twice ) in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . |
The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System . |
Finnish police reprimanded a man for traveling in a car boot to hide his meeting with Prime Minister Juha Sipila during a government crisis last summer , saying this was breach of the traffic code . |
A police statement did not name the man in the boot , but in effect indicated the traveler was State Secretary Samuli Virtanen , who is also the deputy to Foreign Minister Timo Soini . |
The meeting took place in June , a day after Virtanen ’s co-ruling Finns party had elected anti-immigration hardliners as its new leaders . |
The government was close to collapse until a group of politicians , including Virtanen and Soini , in the following week walked out of the Finns party and announced they would form a new group . |
The Finns party was thrown out of the government and the new “ Blue Reform ” group kept its cabinet seat . |
Virtanen has not commented on the case , but lawmaker Tiina Elovaara from Blue Reform said in a blog that Virtanen climbed into the boot to keep the meeting secret at a critical moment . |
“ He avoided media attention when the situation was most serious , and the risk of leakage about the parliamentarians ’ transition was too big , ” Elovaara said . |
Chilly Gonzales ( born Jason Charles Beck ; 20 March 1972 ) is a Grammy - winning Canadian musician who resided in Paris , France for several years , and now lives in Cologne , Germany . |
Known for his albums of classical piano compositions with a pop music sensibility , Solo Piano I and Solo Piano II , as well as his MC and electro albums , he is also a producer and songwriter . |
Gonzales broadcasts a web series Pop Music Masterclass on WDR , the documentary Classical Connections on BBC Radio 1 , The History of Music on Arte , and Music 's Cool with Chilly Gonzales on Apple Music 's Beats 1 radio show . |
He has written several newspaper and magazine opinion pieces in The Guardian , Vice , Billboard , and others . |
He is the younger brother of the prolific film composer Christophe Beck . |
Gonzales was born on 20 March 1972 . |
His parents are Ashkenazi Jews who had to flee from Hungary during World War II . |
Gonzales began teaching himself piano at age three , when his older brother Chris began taking lessons . |
Gonzales graduated from Crescent School in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . |
He was classically trained as a pianist at McGill University , where he began both his composing career , co-authoring several musicals with his brother , and his performing career , as a jazz virtuoso . |
In statistics , an expectation – maximization ( EM ) algorithm is an iterative method to find maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori ( MAP ) estimates of parameters in statistical models , where the model depends on unobserved latent variables . |
The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation ( E ) step , which creates a function for the expectation of the log -likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters , and a maximization ( M ) step , which computes parameters maximizing the expected log - likelihood found on the E step . |
These parameter - estimates are then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step . |
The EM algorithm was explained and given its name in a classic 1977 paper by Arthur Dempster , Nan Laird , and Donald Rubin . |
They pointed out that the method had been " proposed many times in special circumstances " by earlier authors . |
A very detailed treatment of the EM method for exponential families was published by Rolf Sundberg in his thesis and several papers following his collaboration with Per Martin - Löf and Anders Martin - Löf . |
The Dempster – Laird–Rubin paper in 1977 generalized the method and sketched a convergence analysis for a wider class of problems . |
Regardless of earlier inventions , the innovative Dempster – Laird – Rubin paper in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society received an enthusiastic discussion at the Royal Statistical Society meeting with Sundberg calling the paper " brilliant " . |
The Dempster – Laird –Rubin paper established the EM method as an important tool of statistical analysis . |
After a year of relatively healthy global economic growth , economists are predicting pretty much the same for 2018 -- a neither too - hot nor too - cold Goldilocks scenario , but with little sight of the three bears . |
The idea is that all is pretty much on track for growth that will be stronger than in 2017 . |
Part of this may come from the fact that forecasters generally got it wrong last year , underclubbing this year ’s economic performance , particularly for the euro zone and Japan . |
The International Monetary Fund , for example , saw 2017 global growth at 3.4 percent with advanced economies advancing 1.8 percent . |
It now reckons them at 3.6 percent and 2.2 percent . |
It had the euro zone and Japan growing 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent , respectively . |
It now has them at 2.1 percent and 1.5 percent . |
“ Faster growth is reaching roughly two - thirds of the world ’s population , ” the IMF said in a December blog post . |
This performance has made some economists optimistic . |
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