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How much blood can a human body receive from a donor in one go. Can excessive blood cause the veins and arteries to burst due to the buildup of pressure?
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For example, a balloon can pop if it’s over inflated, can this happen inside the veins and arteries?
| 105 |
Theoretically yes you could pop like a balloon if enough blood was forced into your circulatory system. Realistically, you'd go into congestive heart failure first. Basically the pressure in the system (your blood pressure) would get so high that your heart would be unable to generate enough force to expell any blood.
This happens to people in the hospital all the time, and they are put on food restricted diets and weighed daily to monitor their fluid load. Some people need to be dialyzed to take the fluid out. Butt lowering the fluid lowers the pressure and allows the heart to keep pumping
| 84 |
ELI5: How do razors/sharp blades cause scars but regular cuts heal without such obvious damage?
| 15 |
Razors cut such a clean edge on the skin, theres nothing for the red blood cells and platelets to grab onto to start forming a clot
Regulate cuts leave jagged edges in the skin, even if you can’t see them, for the red blood cells and platelets to attach to.
| 31 |
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[DC] Has Batman ever beat somebody so bad that they decided to quit crime upon recovery?
| 41 |
The Wayne foundation provides safe halfway housing and other help for former criminals who want to go honest. They have to agree to serve any prison time and to work towards being a productive member of society, but virtually everyone in the program is there after either having Batman beat them up to Oblivion or threaten them with a sucky existance. Bruce Wayne even offers good jobs to especially needy former low-lives.
(This was also discussed in the recent Batman Kings of Fear 6 issue mini series and in the 2011 Legends of the Dark Knight series)
| 46 |
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ELI5: How does stress cause acne?
| 254 |
Acne is predominantly triggered by hormonal imbalances. When you are stressed, your body produces excess stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol.
Just imagine your computer's available memory being your skin. In order for it to run smoothly, you don't want to clog it up by running a ton of unnecessary programs. In regular use, the computer does its job by allocating memory needed to run programs and allow you to multi-task. But if you try to render a 3D-model, while playing a game at its highest settings, while bitcoin mining, while aggressively compiling that stupid powerpoint with ugly wordart, all at the same time, you stress out your computer's memory. It has a harder time allocating/managing your memory resources, just like your immune system has a harder time managing the resources necessary to clear the acne-bacteria at its normal rate.
| 114 |
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How do fish naturally "spread" to other lakes/ponds?
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For a little background to my question. My uncle bought a house with a decent piece of property. He dug a large pond that he has been intending to stock with fish for his grandkids, nieces and nephews. He dug this pond a couple of years ago, and has been letting the natural plants grow around it, balancing the PH, and just getting it suited for fish.
A few days ago, he noticed several small pan fish around the edge of the pond. He didn't put them in, and his pond is pretty far from any roads or streets, and near his house, so it's very unlikely anyone dumped anything in. There is no water running in, and no floods connecting it to any other water.
People on his Facebook have suggested birds of prey dropping them in, or even bears/cougars. Those seem relatively unlikely as I would think they would be unable to survive swim after being grabbed/dropped by a large predator. I'm unconvinced, any ideas?
| 25 |
The general hypothesis is actually not that the birds carry the fish themselves and drop them into a lake. It's that fish eggs in the water stick to the feet of birds, and they deposit the eggs into a new body of water when they fly somewhere else. To answer your question though we have no clue. There was a big study a couple years ago to look into this bird feet egg hypothesis that didn't disprove the idea but couldn't find any evidence at all that this actually happens in nature.
| 22 |
ELI5: What are Cankersores and why do they hurt so badly?
| 66 |
canker sores are ulcers - sores where the surface tissue over an area has disintegrated, leaving an open wound that heals slowly.
It hurts because its an open wound that heals slowly in a part of the body that moves a huge amount and is unavoidably exposed to food and drinks, which irritates them and makes it hurt more.
| 48 |
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ELI5: how does putting a plastic bag on your atm card help it read when it's having issues?
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This is our go-to solution at work for getting troublesome cards to read, but no one seems to know why it helps.
| 2,530 |
Imagine there was a scratch on the painting in front of you. You know how you can deliberately make your vision fuzzy? Imagine doing that. You still see the painting, but no longer see the scratch. Of course, you the painting is a bit fuzzy, but everything is RELATIVELY in the same place.
That's all the card reader needs. For everything to be in relatively the same place in proportion with everything else. The plastic bag "fuzzies out" the scratch.
Edit: Thanks for the gold, kind stranger!
| 3,434 |
[Marvel/Wrestling] What if the radioactive spider had bitten John Cena instead of Peter Parker?
| 25 |
The spider enjoys a nice bite of potato salad.
More seriously, we get a somewhat less emotionally traumatized, all in all healthier (if not as bright) Spider-Man. Less web swinging, more clinging to walls and then suplexing people.
| 24 |
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ELI5: How are newer cars stolen?
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How are modern cars stolen? With all the anti-theft technology, I am curious how they are defeated? I have seen gone in 60 seconds, but all the car thieves I see arrested have neck tattoos and their area code tattooed on their knuckles.
| 25 |
Thugs do thug shit, the same as always. They:
* Steal keys from your house
* Steal keys when you're not looking
* Take cars with keys in them
* Car jack you
* Ride off with your car when you thought you could trust them
* Get the title transferred in their name using forged documents
* Get someone in a dealership to make keys for them
* Tow it away.
| 21 |
CMV: Billionaires SHOULD exist.
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Abortion and guns are two things I will never change my mind on. But I’m willing to forget those issues in favor of things I think are much more important. Because of that, I am considering switching from conservative to liberal.
So the issue I want my mind changed on:
1. Billionaires SHOULD exist. I am not saying it is a necessity. Yes, I understand some of these people didn’t work for their money. I understand it’s a vast amount of wealth that is not necessary for one person to hold. I believe that these arguments are not valid. I have an iPhone 11, but all I need is an iPhone 6. Doesn’t mean I want my iPhone 11 taken away, I earned it. I know some of these people inherited their wealth, but I don’t want the money I pass to my kids being taken from them, I left it for them for a reason.
Just to clarify, I fully support heavy taxation of people with more than a billion dollars, I just don’t agree with the premise of “billionaires shouldn’t exist”. Tax the hell out of them sure, but i just don’t agree with saying they should never exist.
Is the “billionaires shouldn’t exist” just a saying meaning heavier taxation? Or is it literally a hard cap of once you hit 999 million you aren’t allowed any more?
EDIT: who downvoted me? I understand my logic is probably flawed. That’s why I’m here to have my mind changed? I thought that is the point of this sub?
EDIT 2: just because this has quite a few comments, my mind was changed on this from this thread, thank you to everyone who commented. What changed my mind was the realization that this statement is not literal, but more of a philosophical “people with vast amounts of wealth shouldn’t exist in a world where people are starving” which I can most certainly agree with.
| 123 |
The billion is an arbitrary number that is used because it sounds good but the general idea is that it is unjustified for a society to structure itself in a way that allows some people to live in extreme abundance while others suffer or even die due to poor economic conditions.
Its a conditional statement, should billionaires exist (while others suffer)?
And on a deeper level this question becomes, should we support a system that allows people to suffer unnecessarily?
| 123 |
[DC] lantern corp combinations
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I remember seeing an old post a while ago of someone asking about if someone can wear more than 1 lantern corp ring. I'm curious about what rings would actually he a strong combination and what rings would be weaker. Would Hope and Compassion be a powerful combination or would they be a much weaker combination? Would Rage work alongside Greed better than Will? So I'm very curious as to what combinations would be weakest and strongest.
| 27 |
the blue and green lights are well established to be ludicrously powerful when combined, most of the others dont really feed into each other though, i guess love might inspire rage via jealousy or revenge for a loved one, it might also go well with greed if your going for the yandere "hes MINE" kind of love
| 26 |
[dragon ball] If cell somehow manages to get the DNA of a god, can he become a god?
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Will his power be boosted, if so so how powerful he would be if he had gotten beerus’s dna, will he have god aura?
| 47 |
1. Cell has Saiyan DNA, which should allow him to become an SS God, or something quite similar to it. He doesn't need to absorb some other God's DNA. It's quite likely he'd be able to keep pace with Goku and Vegeta all the way up to the height of their power.
2. Buu Absorbed a god, and didn't become a god. So, just absorbing power doesn't seem to be enough to cut it.
| 47 |
CMV: The fact Ben Shapiro is being mocked for issues in his personal life is demonstrative of a huge issue in politics today - that point scoring and “burns” are becoming more important than addressing political stances.
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Let me just preface this by saying I personally cannot stand Ben Shapiro - I feel like his “debating” is based on punching beneath his intellectual weight and arguing in bad faith. However, recently, my social media and friend groups have been flooded with memes, tweets, jokes and burns about how Shapiro is unable to satisfy his wife. The amount of glee and attention it’s getting, however, makes little sense to me. It doesn’t stop Shapiro being a major political voice to the American public, nor does it have any effect on his views.
I’ve seen similar things with a lot of politicians - Donald Trump misspeaking, Obama and his “fancy mustard”, and closer to home, Boris Johnson’s full name sounding pretentious. Each time, floods of attention and content are produced mocking something, which to me at least, seem trivial. All of this has brought me to the conclusion that political discourse in the present has devolved into political point scoring and personal attacks, rather than actually debate over stances and issues.
I’d love to hear more views on this, especially from people who feel otherwise!
| 283 |
>I’ve seen similar things with a lot of politicians - Donald Trump misspeaking, Obama and his “fancy mustard”, and closer to home, Boris Johnson’s full name sounding pretentious.
Do you notice a pattern in the types of people you're labeling here (with the exception of Obama)? All of them have a history of personal attacks or similar behavior. Shapiro is high up on that list. That makes people feel a lot less bad about returning the favor.
Basically, if a public figure engages in something, it's ok to give them a taste of their own medicine. You don't get to dish it out if you can't take it.
>It doesn’t stop Shapiro being a major political voice to the American public, nor does it have any effect on his views.
It's not supposed to. That said, there is plenty of political commentary on his actual views and otherwise, so it's not really getting in the way of anything.
>All of this has brought me to the conclusion that political discourse in the present has devolved into political point scoring and personal attacks, rather than actually debate over stances and issues.
Just because there is some amount of personal attacks, doesn't imply that there is no actual discourse. You can actually have both. You'll tend to see the former on social media (it's a lot easier to meme a joke about Shapiro's wife than a nuanced discussion of capitalism), but that has more to do with the format.
The issue is not that there isn't political discourse- it's that the places you're looking (social media, friend groups)- generally tend to be mediums for posting things like jokes. Not high brow, in-depth political discussion.
| 96 |
I'm a postdoc giving a talk this summer in front of leaders in my field. Is it okay to mention that I'm looking for a faculty job?
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This will be in front of a bunch of leaders in my field that would very likely be collaborators when I'm faculty somewhere. Would it come off as tacky to mention I'm looking for a job? What about just mentioning that my postdoc is almost over? We're going to a glam journal with the results I'm presenting if it matters.
| 25 |
I've seen people give talks and at the end mention that that they're on the job market. I've also seen people who don't say it out loud, just have at the bottom of their last slide ("I'll be on the job market Fall 2017!")
| 26 |
[Metal Gear] Can anyone provide a good ELI5 version of the Metal Gear Solid series' plot?
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Like seriously, wow. I have a pretty busy schedule and don't really have time to go through the whole series but I always thought MGS4 on the ps3 looked cool and my friend said he would let me borrow it for a while, but I'm sort of lost. If anyone could help explain this stuff, that would be great!
| 20 |
Synopses:
MGS1: Snake is sent to take out Liquid who has stolen a nuclear stockpile and is holding the world ransom. Snake makes best buds with a nerdy scientist who calls himself Otacon. It turns out that Snake and Liquid are both altered clones of Big Boss. Liquid thought Snake had the superior genetic engineering but actually Liquid did. Ocelot looked like he was working for Liquid but was actually a double agent.
MGS2: Snake and Otacon start a group (I use the term loosely, it's just the two of them) called Philanthropy to expose and destroy Metal Gears. He's photographing a secret Metal Gear project by the US military when some Russians show up to try and steal it. Ocelot shows up with a transplanted arm from Liquid and randomly gets possessed by it sometimes, then sinks the boat they're on and steals the Metal Gear. Ocelot looked like he was working for the Russians but was actually a double agent. Snake is reported dead but who are they fooling?
Later in MGS2: Crazy AIs orchestrate a recurrence of the events of MGS1 to try and turn Raiden into another Snake but then everything goes to shit because he does his job too well and gives them a virus. Raiden turns out to have been a child soldier under the rule of another clone of Big Boss called Solidus and has to kill him at the end. Most of this was probably virtual reality and Raiden starts doubting his perception of reality but Snake tells him to stop over-thinking it. Ocelot looked like he was working for Solidus but was actually a double agent.
MGS3: During the Cold War, Big Boss (who is currently called Snake) is sent to rescue a defector from the Russian jungles (just roll with it). He fails at this, his mentor, the Boss, defects to some Russian extremists who she has a history with. The Russian government is pissed and Snake is sent back to the jungle to kill these extremists. It turns out the Russians he's sent after want some secret giant quantity of money and the Boss was actually a double agent whose job it was to keep that away from them. A double agent ally of yours named Eva turns out to be a Chinese triple agent and makes off with the information on that hidden sum of money. Ocelot looked like he was working for the Russian extremists but was actually a double agent.
Some general things to know about the series:
* Everybody Otacon cares about ends up dying.
* The entire world has a raging stiffy for Big Boss.
* A man named Johnny who has chronic diarrhea guards the player characters whenever they are imprisoned.
* People keep pissing themselves.
* Most of the boss characters you fight are pretty explicitly magical and nobody seems to notice.
* Bipedal tanks that roar like dinosaurs for some reason are the pinnacle of weapons technology.
| 30 |
[MCU] Google now has digital copies of all the sacred texts in the Ancient Ones library. What's the worst that could happen, and what should I do to fix it? -Dr. Strange?
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I took photographs of all the sacred texts so that I could run them through Google Translate. I forgot that I had my phone set to automatically back up my photos to my Google Drive. Google now has a complete set of high resolution photographs of the incantations and instructions for the most powerful sorcery known to human kind.
What's the worst that could happen?
How should I go about fixing this situation?
- Dr. Stephen V. Strange, MD, PhD
**Edit 1**: *Rather than alter time to fix some typos and minor grammatical errors, which resulted from the confluence of creating the original post on a mobile device, auto-correct, and shaky hands, I used Reddit's edit feature to make the necessary corrections.*
| 74 |
The apocalypse. Contact Google. Major publishers have gotten stuff pulled and/or blurred before.
Or just wait until the first near apocalypse and then enlist Tony Stark and/or Cable to erase all copies of the image. If anyone can do it, they can.
| 31 |
[Pirates of the Caribbean] At worlds End. Why was the final battle a 1v1 despite the vast amounts of ships on both sides?
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It always confuses me as I’ve tried going scene by scene to the end to find out why it’s only one on one. It seems super lame too since after this huge inspiration speech it’s just two ships instead of the whole navy vs the pirates.
| 17 |
It's basically like combat by champion, but with ships instead of single people. They let their best ships fight, and the side whose ships win get the victory of the whole combat. That greatly reduces the price in ships and lives.
| 20 |
[Marvel] How powerful can Galactus be.
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I have been getting into comics more and Galactus seems to be a cool character and want to know just how powerful can he be. I see the name Black celestial arc Galactus thrown around as being possibly a multiversal threat. I would like to know more about this character.
| 25 |
Well for starters:
> The first (and oldest) living entity in the universe, Galactus employs advanced science capable of creating the Ultimate Nullifier (capable of destroying and remaking the multiverse) and the ship Taa II. Reed Richards speculated that Taa II (the Möbius strip-shaped, solar system-sized home of Galactus) might be the greatest source of energy in the universe.
| 21 |
[Spy Fiction] Why do female operatives always seem to wear a catsuit as their uniform for their operations?
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Honestly, those things seem rather impractical for any field work- it's hard to move in them, they get really sweaty, they don't have any pockets, and they cause some rather unwarranted attention. Why wear them at all?
| 413 |
Usually it seems to be for the same reason ninjas, gymnasts and superheros wear such form-fitting suits. It's useful to move around in tight areas without getting caught in things, like if you are crawling in a airduckt. (also useful if you need to do karate.) As for a lack of pockets, they usually have a utility belt for that, like batman.
However, female agents seems to usually wear this even if their mission doesn't include a lot of duct crawling, so sometimes it's probably because it was the only mission gear packed in their mission bag, because the guys down in logistics are perverts
| 462 |
ELI5: How is the military spending of the US ($682 billion) justified when it's 4 times more than that of the 2nd highest? ($166 billion - China). Are we really being threatened that much?
| 65 |
In terms of coverage and force projection the US is unmatched. They feel the need to have these capabilities in order to protect american interests in foreign lands. Meaning, it's not the US itself that is under the threat. But rather American businesses, factories, mines, refineries, and ships that are under threat and must be protected. In addition to this, the US military is expected to protect US soil.
A country like China on the other hand, is much more concerned with protecting the homeland. So they keep the military that they do have closer to home, and this is much cheaper.
On an individual technological level the US likely has a slight edge over a country like china. But it is not a significant contributor to the budget difference. That is almost all down to the US's want to be able to hit a target anywhere in the world with relatively little notice. No other country has full world coverage like that, and it costs.
| 30 |
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ELI5: Why does gold run in veins? All heavy metals like this come from supernovas. Why would they concentrate in some position when they eventually make it to Earth?
| 27 |
It's not like gold is formed in a supernova or some other celestial process and then slowly makes its way to an already existing Earth. What happens is that billions and billions and billions of years ago, certain elements were formed in supernova and widely dispersed. These elements ended up intermixed in giant clouds of mostly hydrogen gas, which coalesced into a rotating disk of matter, which further coalesced into our sun at its center and lots of dust and small rocky objects orbiting what would become the sun. Over millennia, the smaller rocky objects, some of which contained gold, coalesced into larger and larger objects. The heat of the collisions of these bodies melted them, and heavier elements tended to clumped together, and some of it sunk toward the interior of the molten ball of Rock. Plate tectonics, subduction, and volcanism, provided ongoing mixing and melting of these materials. Gold tended to clump together since it was denser than most of the surrounding materials, and as it cooled, it did so in clumps, or veins. In mountain forming regions, these veins and the surrounding rock was pushed up into the spots we find it today. This is an ongoing process, but it happens on geological time scales.
/edited for typos
| 30 |
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ELI5: If HIV can be spread through body fluids, why can't it be spread through saliva?
| 280 |
Saliva has very little “bodily” material for the HIV to reside in. Its mostly just water and salt. And as always dose makes the poison, so technically you could get HIV from saliva, but you would need to drink liters of it to even have a chance.
| 338 |
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eli5: If the US is a net exporter of oil, can’t we easily become self-reliant for oil?
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Am I just confusing crude oil for “petroleum products”? Or is there too much money exchanging hands? I’m just confusing by all the rhetoric around us being dependent on foreign oil when statistically speaking all the data I see shows 1) the US produces more oil than any other country in the world and 2) we export more than we import. So what gives?!?!?
| 51 |
There are different types of oil, Heavy/Light describes one aspect and Sweet/Sour is a terminology for the amount of sulfur. Years ago we invested heavily in factories that handle Heavy Sour oil. Turns out after the Shale breakthrough to all that oil in the US, we have much more Light Sweet then we estimated. It’s not impossible to retrofit and refit our factories but it’s vastly cheaper to just import Heavy Sour and export the Light Sweet.
Edit: Props to u/veemondumps for a great thorough description
| 68 |
[Batman] I recently started as a patrol officer in Gotham. How much will Batman know about me?
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In different iterations of Batman, he's seen as knowing the names of officers making up whole departments. How much does he actually know about each one?
| 46 |
He has supercomputers and an extraordinarily advanced research capability at his disposal. He doesn't know anything about you initially. He has an excellent memory, but Gotham is a big city with a big police force, and your one guy. When your normal duties cause you to become involved with a major super villain he does a check on you, and gets all sorts of information. Likely he only knows your name and anything relevant from that point, though he likely doesn't forget it once he does know, and he can access an absolutely enormous amount of information on you and anyone you are connected to.
| 52 |
ELI5 - Islamic/ Sharia Banking
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I understand that usury (interest) is not allowed but I'm still unclear on the work arounds.
| 55 |
in some cases it is handled the same way that christian usury standards were circumvented in the middle ages: the "late" fee. a lender would charge a a borrower a "late fee" if the loan weren't paid on time, which would be commensurate with the interest they wanted to charge. the borrower would pay 1 day late along with the "late fee". this is not common in formal business circles any longer.
in western banks that loan to strict muslims, for example in the case of a mortgage, they cannot charge interest as strict muslims are forbidden from both charging and paying interest. in this case there is a separate muslim contract used. instead of showing the interest as a separate line item, it is added to the principal and the loan is paid by the borrower as if they were paying just the principle of the loan split across however many payments it would be. in reality they are just paying a the principal and the interest as one lump sum, but this is considered acceptable as long as it's not openly documented as interest.
*edit: homophone confusion
| 23 |
How feasible would it be for a major publicly traded company to become employee owned?
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Think Amazon or Apple. How would it be possible for them to become majority (or completely) ESOP? Or an “employee owned corporation?”
| 29 |
Assuming no expropriation, and using your examples unlikely. Taking Apple as an example, it has 123,000 employees and a valuation of 1 trillion. Every single employee would have to stump up several million . The numbers are a little less extreme for Amazon, but still well outside plausibility.
| 19 |
CMV: The hijab oppresses women.
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As a straight white male living in a heavily Muslim community, it seems to me that forcing women to wear a covering on their heads is oppression. Forcing anyone to cover up any part of themselves is oppression.
However, living in this community, I have noticed that women who wear the hijab are happy, well adjusted, normal etc. Their male friends and boyfriends don't talk to them or disrespect them or anything like that and the women have no problem "talking back" or being very flirtatious or even rude with them. This behavior goes against my preconceived notions of how Muslim women are treated, obviously their rights are being violated in many Muslim countries but here in America it seems like they are treated just as well as any other citizen. So why continue to wear something that is used in other countries to oppress your fellow Muslim women? If no one is forcing you to wear it, then why not just take it off?
Admittedly I am very ignorant of the religious reasons for wearing the hijab and I would love to be enlightened. Also I am very confused as to why feminists have adopted the hijab as a symbol of female power and independence.
In the community where I live, I see all types of the hijab on a daily basis, from the simple head scarf, to the full body covering with just that slit for the eyes( maybe not even called a hijab?). I am too afraid to ask one of these women in person because I do not want to seem racist or rude, I don't consider myself to be a racist or a misogynist and I apologize if this question comes off like that. In reality I am just very ignorant of Muslim religion and culture and just want some information. I would LOVE for someone to CMV or even just provide me with some information on this subject. Thank you
Edit: formatting
Edit 2: my view has been changed
| 57 |
>Forcing anyone to cover up any part of themselves is oppression.
Even Western society requires that people cover their genitals when in public. Do you consider asking people to cover their genitals and anuses in public a form of oppression?
| 29 |
[Married with children] How is Al blind to the fact that Peggy is hot?
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He acts disgusted with the idea of kissing her, winces when he sees her picture and once feel out of a window because he saw her portrait and reeled in horror.
But... Peggy is hot.
| 30 |
So what? He is tired of her shit. He is tired of her spending all the money, not pulling her weight in the relationship, and how she treats him. So she's conventionally attractive. That doesn't mean Al _likes_ her.
| 35 |
ELI5: Why is it that when we sit in the sun with our eyes closed for a while, when we open them again colours look so much more vibrant?
| 17 |
The skin of your eyelids lets light shine through. But there's blood inside that skin. So you see a red/orange color. After you've stared at red/orange for a while the color cones in your eyes get "tired". When you open your eyes, the opposite colors - green/blue - will look way bright because those cones are fresh.
| 13 |
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Do tree squirrels live together as mating pairs in a nest?
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There's a hole in the tree outside my office window and every day I see 2 gray squirrels go in and out. Are they mates, or parent and child? I'm curious about my little friends!
| 176 |
Eastern gray squirrels build a type of nest, known as a drey, in the forks of trees, consisting mainly of dry leaves and twigs. Males and females may share the same nest for short times during the breeding season, and during cold winter spells, squirrels may share a drey to stay warm. They may also nest in the attic or exterior walls of a house, where they may be regarded as pests, and as fire hazards due to their habit of gnawing on electrical cables. In addition, squirrels may inhabit a permanent tree den hollowed out in the trunk or a large branch of a tree. (From Wikipedia)
| 24 |
ELI5: Why do you hold your arms up while you run but hold them at your sides when you walk?
| 64 |
Holding your arms up when running makes it easier for your arms to keep pace with your stride because you are swinging a pendulum the length of your shoulder-to-elbow instead of swinging a pendulum the length of your shoulder-to-fingertips.
| 44 |
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Often, people argue that an influx of immigrants to Sweden/Britain/the United States would destroy either the economy or the culture of the destination country. But has this ever happened?
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I'm defining immigrant as somebody who moves into an area with an established government in hopes of economic success. In this context, English settlers in New England are not immigrants, but Irish people who crossed the Atlantic in the 19th century are.
| 66 |
In the 1820s, the Mexican government invited Americans to immigrate into what was then Northern Mexico. Eventually they rescinded the invitation, but Americans continued to enter the area illegally. Didn't work out so well for Mexico -- today, we call the region "Texas."
| 34 |
[DC] Is superman stronger than his own durability?
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Has anyone tried mind controlling superman into killing himself and would that work? If a villain mind controlled superman to rip his own heart out, would that work or is superman even more durable than his own strength?
| 19 |
It's possible. Humans have enough strength to kill themselves. But there are structures in place to prevent the use of your own strength directly to kill yourself. For one thing, you can't choke yourself to death normally - your hand would go limp when you fell unconscious (though, don't try this - you still risk damaging your throat, triggering an unknown underlying condition, or dying because you did manage to break your hyoid bone).
There's also a psychological limitation, however. A lot of mind control methods have a limit that prevents them from violating the victims' moral code. This limit is present in hypnosis - you can't be hypnotized to do something you don't want to do - and though it has workarounds (you may not be able to hypnotize a bank teller to give you all the money in the drawer, but you could possibly make them believe that the $100s are $20s when cashing a check, so that they dole out the same number of bills of the higher denomination). Thus, if he wasn't suicidal, this wouldn't likely work. But. even if the control could violate core beliefs, there's a good chance some more primal part would work for self-preservation and keep you from going through it it.
| 23 |
[40K] If a human vehicle is red and is fighting orks, does it go faster?
| 68 |
Yes, the power of the waaagh isn't limited to only having effects on Orks. It's one of the reasons Yarrick is still alive, they actually believe he can't die, and that's why they like fighting him so much.
| 126 |
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ELI5: What would Hans Gruber have been able to to with all those bearer bonds?
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Surely he wouldn't have been able to do anything, right? I'm not entirely sure how they work. What are they, like, currency or something?
| 28 |
Bearer bonds aren't really issued anymore because of their strong link to criminals and money laundering, but yes, he could use them.
They are unregistered, whomever is holding the piece of paper at that time, is the owner.
Sure he probably couldn't walk into the Nakatomi HQ and turn them back in for cash, but he could use proxies to cash them, or sell them to third parties.
Edit: To explain bearer bonds, think of your school lunch as currency. Your friend wants some of your lunch, so he can fund his lunch exchange business. So you invest your lunch in him, and in return he issues you a bond, or a legal promise to pay back your lunch loan within a specific period of time with a specific interest rate.
This is how many governments and companies raise money for projects. Sure, because the time and interest are set by the borrower and not the lender, you don't make a lot of money fast, but its considered some of the safest, as the returns are guaranteed by law.
Bearer bonds are a type of bond. There is no registry of them. When you buy one, you are issued the bond itself, a piece of paper, but no record is kept of who bought it. So when the time period expires and its time to cash it in, whomever shows up with it gets the money. This lack of ownership history made them great for criminals, and criminals only. So now no one issues them at all.
Still, existing bearer bonds have to legally be paid out, unless they can directly prove fraud. But that's hard, old Hans Gruber could easily sell the bonds to a third party and no one could prove that they were stolen bonds.
| 13 |
ELI5: Why are bathrooms all gender specific, rather than having one restroom with all stalls, for both genders?
| 380 |
A long time ago there used to be "powder rooms" that ladies can use both for the toilet and to adjust their clothing or touch up their makeup. Since doing either in public were seen as impolite these powder rooms were explicitly private and for ladies only.
| 338 |
|
ELI5 why devices don't accept fingerprints after restarting or updating
|
if I restart my phone it says "pin is required for restart" and on my computer says "use password for fingerprint". why is it any different for when I'm normally logging in?
| 325 |
It is for your protection.
You can be (legally/forcibly) compelled to give your fingerprint.
You cannot (in most states) be compelled to give a piece of information held only in your head.
If you want to protect your privacy, say at a border crossing, you could restart all your electronics. Even if you are detained and forced to provide biometrics, your devices remain secure.
This is part of the reason that the USA and other governments want encryption “backdoors” to be built into phones. With strong encryption, guess limits and lengthy PIN, it can be challenging even for states to break into properly secured consumer electronics.
| 528 |
[Assassin's creed] If all the Assassin's killings are so brutal and in public, how are they not noticed by the crowd around him?
|
Especially when he tries to blend in public walking along like he belongs, in an assassins uniform.
| 16 |
Keep in mind that the Assassin uniform is designed to look like normal clothing - Altair's dress was similar to the local monks', Ezio's was a nobleman's tunic, Edward Kenway wore a sailor's gear etc. It wasn't especially unusual for those ensembles to feature hoods - they might earn a second look, but there was nothing too remarkable about them.
As for the brutal killings.... we have to remember that the Animus is an imperfect device. When we see a man brutally stabbed in the back and dropped to the ground.... that's sort of a loose interpretation of the actual killing. The assassin ancestor in every case was cunning and well-trained - if an assassination was done in a crowd, it was well-hidden by placing the body on a bench, creating a distraction, taking out the target from range, etc. Each of the assassins probably only killed a handful of men in their entire careers - not necessarily every guard in Paris, over and over again.
| 26 |
CMV: Blue Cheese is an abomination that should be abolished from the face of the Earth
|
First, why I hate it :
1. It has a strong smell that instantly instigates a fight or flight response, meaning there is some primal instinct that is telling me blue cheese is NOT of this world and is here solely to make me suffer
2. For something that's supposed to be edible, it looks TERRIBLE. Look at a honey glazed doughnut, and then look at blue cheese. What. The. Zoop.
3. It's not something society talks about openly, when was the last time you heard a conversation about blue cheese? That's right, it's taboo, and for good reason. *NOBODY* wants to hear about blue cheese.
4. Feeling blue means feeling sad, therefore blue cheese is \***literally**\* sad cheese. Why would you want to eat sad cheese?
I am willing to change my mind if you can give me a recipe that uses \~\~blue\~\~ sad cheese that actually :
1. Looks good
2. Smells good without drowning everything in honey
3. Tastes good (by Gordon Ramsay standards)
4. Can impress the parents of my imaginary girlfriend
Thank you
| 48 |
Melt it over a burger with some caramelized onions. It’s gonna: 1) look like a burger with some melty cheese, 2) smell like a burger, and 3) taste like a burger but with some tangy elements that elevate the overall experience beyond the reliable goodness of ketchup
Edit: 4) This burger has a decent 401K
| 26 |
[Halo/MCU] Could Steve Rogers safely wear MJOLNIR powered armor?
|
Assuming he was given a neural interface, would Cap's super-soldier serum altered body allow him to wear and operate a SPARTAN's powered armor without injuring himself?
| 48 |
For those wondering about the question, the first iteration of MJOLNIR power armor was practically unusable by humans, mostly on account of reaction time. It severely injured several of its operators because of the amplified speed and strength it granted, John 117 nearly gave himself a concussion the first time he saluted wearing it. A user who flinched from pain might create a chain reaction of injuries that could kill the user.
There's actually a short scene in Iron Man 2 that shows a similar problem where a man testing power armor accidentally twists his spine 180 degrees.
EDIT: In theory a normal human user could adapt to the armor, but their quarter-second reaction times would still make them too slow to take full advantage of the speed boost. In one of John 117's field tests he was able to swat an air-to-surface missile out of the air (and he's not the fastest Spartan).
| 58 |
ELI5: Why can't a bullet proof vest protect you from a knife stab?
|
I mean, it's designed to stop a bullet which delivers much more force than a human being can ever produce during stabbing
| 798 |
Bullet’s tend to be wider than a sharp knife blade. That increase in surface area makes it easier for the Kevlar to prevent it from penetrating. Most vests however have inserts for plates which can protect against knife attacks/larger caliber rounds.
| 1,094 |
CMV: You shouldn't punch nazis. Unless they're ACTUAL 1940s Germany Nazis.
|
Can you guys stop glorifying violence against somebody because of their political views?
Seriously. I mean, sure, call nazis retards. They are! But don't say that because you find their politics abhorrent, you can commit violent acts. People on Reddit don't seem to be able to grasp this concept. Nazis are sacks of shit, but they can still have opinions like everyone else. Imagine if this was the opposite. Imagine the outrage over the headline "Alt Right man punches registered Democrat in the face." The internet would explode, and rightfully so. Violence against someone for their political views isn't ok. Unless a nazi goes out an kills a Jew, don't slug him in the stomach. Don't claim it's "preventative" either. Yes, this was actually an excuse I saw for bearing up nazis. The only thing that prevents is the nazi changing his mind to your side because you just fuckin decked him. Neither side is immune, mind you. This isn't a partisan issue. You shouldn't run over protesters with your Dodge, and you shouldn't hit someone with a fucking bike lock. Some of you need to grow up and see that bad people still have rights. End of rant.
| 27 |
> Imagine the outrage over the headline "Alt Right man punches registered Democrat in the face."
You're suggesting that it's hypocritical or logically inconsistent to want to punch Nazis, yet not want democrats to get punched.
It doesn't have to be. If someone's point of view is "I want to punch people who advocate genocide" then it's perfectly consistent to want to punch Nazis (as well as other genocide-advocating groups) while not wanting to punch Democrats.
Ultimately, you're framing things as if Nazism is just another political philosophy, equally valid as any other. It's not, because Nazism promotes genocide and has historically led to genocide.
| 49 |
How long does a supernova last?
|
Like a year?
1000 years?
5 million?
What ballpark are we talking?
| 21 |
The core collapse takes less than a second, the shockwave takes a few hours to blow all the star out of its way, and the "rest" takes a few years at most before it's gone. They are an incredibly fast process for the scale they're at.
| 30 |
CMV: Subreddits like r/LateStageCapitalism are just as bad r/T_D, and if one is banned, so should the other.
|
Currently, on r/bestof there is a post celebrating a user who is continuing to cite r/T_D's offenses that u/Spez apparently ignored during his recent Q and A. This reminded me of another list of offenses cited during Spez's post for r/LateStageCapitalism and other leftwing subreddits.
I think freedom of speech is important, and hate speech is bad, but my thinking is that if there are calls for one extremist community to be removed, similar subreddits on the other side of the spectrum should be as well. If hate speech and radical politics are being banned, Reddit admins should not favor one side. I'll admit my politics lean to the right somewhat, though I consider myself socially liberal on most issues. I'll also admit I disagree fundamentally with much of the content on r/LateStageCapitalism, (as well as a lot on r/T_D) but that is irrelevant to my views on hate speech. I think it's important for people of all viewpoints and political identities to discourse openly and courteously, but if hate speech is prevalent, there must be consequences.
For those unaware, like the list of hate speech examples on r/T_D, there was a similar one for r/LateStageCapitalism and some other radical leftwing subreddits. I will try to find it if it still there.
[Here it is](https://www.reddit.com/r/announcements/comments/7a4bjo/time_for_my_quarterly_inquisition_reddit_ceo_here/dp702y3/)
_____
> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!*
| 109 |
I notice you throw "hate speech and radical politics" together as if they are the same thing. Subs should be banned for attacking people. Brigading, attacking people, and inciting violence are cause for bans. The political leaning is irrelevant. If the mods at latestagecapitalism are allowing or supporting those things then it should be banned. Otherwise the sub can have whatever political view it wants.
| 84 |
[MCU/Spidey FFH] - If everything Mysterio does [Spoiler] then why did Peter [Spoiler]
|
If everything Mysterio does is controlled by projections/holograms/drones, then how did Peter possibly get wet when he was "punched" by the water monster in Venice? Similarly, why did anyone feel actual heat coming off the fire monster? If it was all projections shouldn't it have just felt like nothing at all?
| 146 |
It obviously wasn't *all* a projection. It appears that at least some of the drones were at least equipped with water cannons and flamethrowers in addition to their more traditional guns.
What they didn't have was a lot of mass, so they had to simulate the damage caused by giant smashing fists by shooting up whatever the monsters were "punching."
| 232 |
ELI5: Why do frozen, raw chicken products keep getting recalled for salmonella? Wouldn’t the solution be to cook the product properly? All raw chicken could contain salmonella.
| 61 |
There are two normal issues governing a recall due to salmonella. The first is the actual loading or the amount of salmonella present, so there isn't a recall if there is some salmonella, but if there are substantial amounts of salmonella. The second is if the salmonella is an anti-biotic resistant strain.
| 53 |
|
Can you explain what socialism is (like I'm five) and why everyone seems to hate it?
| 1,115 |
Socialism can mean several different things depending on context.
Formally, socialism is an economic system where the production of stuff (eg food, housing, and "commodities") is controlled by the people doing the producing. This is opposed to the current system where a small class of wealthy individuals owns controlling interest in production, and a majority of people exchange work for money paid to them by the owners.
In practice "socialism" encompasses everything from state ownership of all land and productive material on one end of the spectrum, to some state intervention into the market economy in order to alleviate the pain of capitalism on the other end of the spectrum. The "some state intervention" is the common practice in developed economies, and fundamentally all mainstream political debate takes place in that range of action.
Most people worldwide don't hate either the concept of socialism or socialism as currently practiced. There is a hard dislike of the term socialism in the United States, possibly as a legacy of the cold war, possibly because no mainstream politicians defend it. The "socialist" policies in place in the United States are very popular, however. Think Social Security, the VA, graduated income taxes, etc.
| 888 |
|
[The Matrix] The war is over. How do they handle "the ones that want out?"
|
At the end of the last film, the Architect promises the Oracle that everyone who wants to escape from the matrix will be freed. How exactly are they planning to handle this? Does some representative program debrief them? Do the machines run rapture.exe?
| 53 |
Simple, they make a series of movies detailing exactly what the Matrix is and release them onto the masses. Some people just see them as pop-culture, others see the truth and ask to be freed.
We are the ones who chose to be enslaved.
| 117 |
[Overwatch] Has the supernatural been confirmed?
|
I know the Overwatch game isn't entirely accurate, but it's based on real people, right? Can Hanzo and Genji really summon dragon spirits? And what about that stuff with Reaper feeding off of people's souls? And Zenyatta can hover people and heal while he's meditating and all that. Is that just stuff he built into his robot body, or is he doing that from zen alone? And I don't want to sound prejudiced, but is Torbjorn a dwarf? Like, not a human suffering from dwarfism, but the actual fantasy race? I'm not saying he's less than human. If anything he's proven himself to be more than human. But if all that other stuff is true, fantasy races wouldn't surprise me.
| 22 |
Hanzo has a nanotech energy generator embedded in the tattoo of his arm. Genji has the same tech, but it's in his sword. They took inspiration for the weapons from the Shimada family legends.
Reaper is able to convert the residual bio-electric field from a dead body into repairing himself (bodies run on energy, right?)
Zenyatta can hover because he converted his body to hover. He heals the same way as other people heal, using a biotic field - which is both energy and nanotechnology, which is why it affects omnics.
Torbjorn is human.
| 16 |
ELI5: If you hurt yourself why does shaking that part of your body relieve the pain?
| 35 |
This phenomenon is called the *"Pain Gate Theory"*.
When you injure yourself, pain signals travel from the site of injury to your brain.
When you do something else to that part of the body, for example rubbing it with your hand, this also sends signals to your brain.
However, because both signals are coming from the same part of the body, only one signal can "enter" your brain at a time. And this can be thought of as a gate. The **gate only allows one signal at a time**. And it just so happens that other stimuli such as pressure, vibrations, touch, etc. have priority over the incoming pain signal.
You feel less pain because you are interpreting other signals form the injured body part, instead of the pain
Hope that helps.
Source: Medical Student
| 42 |
|
ELI5: Could an unbreakable wire that is one atom thick slice through you and would it leave you in two separate pieces?
| 3,028 |
Yes. It would break all molecular\* bonds in a plane, cutting through anything. Molecular bonds are what holds solid objects together. No bond, and they slide apart.
The question is if the bonds would reform after being cut. For metals, the answer is yes. Metals would act like sticky putty. The bonds reform as soon as they touch. A perfect clean cut through metal can be undone by sticking the two halves together.
For liquids, there are no bonds, so it doesn't matter either way.
For bones and blood vessels and cells and tendons and muscle fibers, no. It will sever the connections. The bonds will be broken and they will not simply go back together. All the hard connective tissue holding you together will be cut, and you'll be cut in half.
\*Edit: Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, etc.
| 2,124 |
|
[starship troopers] why don't the arachnids launch a full scale attack on earth?
|
After behemacoytl consumes the Sky Marshal, he had ample time to send the information back to the other Queens to launch a full scale attack in earth, as they now knew about all of earth's military.
| 67 |
They can't. They didn't hit Buenos Aires with an asteroid either. The government did to drum up support for the war while drawing attention away from domestic problems. Unless you believe that the bugs threw a rock across the galaxy and the Federation somehow missed it?
Buenos Aires was an inside job.
There is no indication at all in the movie that the Bugs have FTL, they probably colonized other planets the slow way.
| 119 |
[MCU] How did Tony Stark program F.R.I.D.A.Y to have Sass if it isn't an A.I?
|
So from my understanding, Ultron is the first true AI in the MCU which is why he was a big deal and Tony and Bruce tried to work on him.
Jarvis behaved like a regular program, monotoned, does what he is told, and relays the information accurately.
F.R.I.D.A.Y on the other hand, has an attitude, is verbose and behaves like she has a personality.
​
How did Tony program that?
| 16 |
Probably the simplest way: a massive database of sass responses, based on his own experience as a sassologist, and archived sass found online.
FRIDAY does not actually understand sass, she simply has a canned sassy response for each and every possible conversation or situation, and can improvise additional simple sass using a sass-pairing algorithms. Sometimes she gets it wrong, which in fact makes it more funny.
| 68 |
[Dark Souls] So whats in space?
|
Is the rest of the universe going through the eternal cycle of life and death or is it all just on this single planet?
| 50 |
There is very little talk of celestial bodies in the lore, with the Sun and Moon only referred to in their deific forms rather than their position in the skies. One theory is that the land lies in eternal night, and the sun went out as part of the Age of Fire ending (it's illusory whenever you see it). Hence, there are no other worlds besides this one.
| 32 |
[Dragonball universe] What does it feel like to sense someone's power level?
|
When a Z Fighter is clearly frozen in shock while sensing a significant power level, what are they actually feeling?
Is it something they feel in their gut, or is it more in the mind? Obviously there's a sense of fear, but it seems like their fight-or-flight response doesn't kick in until a few minutes later. They just seem to "shut down" until they can regain their composure.
| 64 |
Y'know that feeling when you're getting a snack in the middle of the night and you feel like there's a presence behind you and you don't want to turn around because it would just confirm your fear? You feel frozen in place, powerless to what is going to happen. Your eyes grow wide, your hairs stand up, your body feels like it should be moving but it just stiffens. That's the feeling
| 62 |
ELI5:When the weather is very cold, why do some of my electronic devices operate slow?
|
Hello ELI5, we had a very cold winter this year, and I noticed that some of my electronic devices would operate slower than normal.
For example, when I shovel my driveway I listen to music on my iPhone. I noticed when I wanted to switch songs via the touch screen it seemed slower than normal(swiping from song to song felt slower or delayed compared to normal)
Also, my car has a reverse camera. Anytime I backed out of the driveway, it felt like I was watching a 2 sec delay compared to the real time view
How/why do extreme cold temperatures alter the performance(?) of electronic devices. Does this occur in extremely hot temperatures too?
Thanks in advance
edit
| 61 |
Both cases you described use a LCD screen, liquid crystal display.
As the liquid gets colder, it responds more slowly. The device, the processor, the electronics, are working as fast as ever (maybe even faster, processors like being cool), the delay comes from the screen.
Around -40 or so, the screen can actually freeze. In normal winter temps, it's just going to refresh more slowly.
| 54 |
[Star Trek] What haven't the Borg sent (n) cubes to assimilate the Federation where n>1?
|
Is it the Q or some other transcendent force taking an interest in the Federation ensuring the Borg never send more than they are capable of overcoming?
| 32 |
The Borg Cube encountered at Wolf 359 was sent as a scout to asses the Federation. Following this incident we realized that we were woefully unprepared to combat a serious Borg invasion in our current state. As a result military research was ramped up. The most notable example of this military ramp-up was the development of the first Federation war ship, the Defiant.
The exact reason why the Borg did not immediately send more ships to assimilate the Federation is unknown, although it is likely that the ease with which the original cube crushed our defense fleet played to our advantage. It is possible that they decided to pursue more pressing matters until such a time that they could turn their full attention to us. It is fortunate that they did delay as this allowed us to upgrade our existing fleet to a state that would allow us to defend ourselves from the Borg.
| 23 |
[Harry Potter] Are ghosts really the souls of wizards or mere inprints left behind?
|
It's kinda unclear
| 15 |
Ghosts would be the souls. Spirits would be a closer word, but it is actually them. Portraits are imprints. It's said that ghosts are made when someone isn't ready to go on. They're afraid of death or are very connected to the locations they haunt.
| 20 |
Is there any science to, "liquor before beer or beer before liquor"?
|
Just wondering whether it truly adds up to anything physiologically.
| 16 |
No, there's no basis to this from a biological standpoint. From a psychological standpoint, though, there very well may be.
Okay, so you've had a couple of drinks. You're buzzed, and you're feeling good, and you decide to drink more. If you're drinking beer at this point in the night, you might down three or four beers in an hour or two. No problem. If you're drinking liquor, you might drink three or four large mixed drinks in an hour or two. That contains a hell of lot more booze, and is likely to mess you up pretty good.
Basically, what this phrase says is that it's a lot easier to make bad decisions when the alcoholic content of your drinks is higher.
| 18 |
CMV: Cosplayers who publicize themselves on social media but can't handle mean comments online and immediately break down shouldn't really be publicizing themselves on social media at all.
|
I have to prelude that of course, the ones most at fault here are the people slinging insults at a cosplayer who presumably worked very hard on their cosplay.
I have so many cosplayer friends who have such a huge problem with ignoring hate comments. They are perfectly fine cosplayers,but I see them complaining about how "ugly" people say they are,and how awful their lives are for daring to post work online.
The internet is not a safespace. It's an unavoidable fact that there will always be people who will insult you,and if you can't learn to channel out the **baseless** insults, then just leave social media. I would be okay if this was just first time "adjusting" period for my friends, but they keep on relapsing into bouts of self hatred because a few mean comments set them off.
They have people who constantly shower them with praise,but they then have the gall to ignore them in favor of the idiots who attack something easy about them. I can't fathom why they don't just ignore it, it pisses me off now seeing them acting all sad online because I KNOW they recover quickly and it's just gonna happen again in a few weeks.
| 68 |
Taking a jab at someone's looks is a crappy, small-minded thing to do. And telling cosplayers to just keep it to themselves because the internet is filled with trolls, is basically the same thing as telling black people to just avoid the deep south, because its filled with racists. Or telling gay people to simply move out of Utah, because its densely populated with religious bigots. Cosplayers should be able to post reasonable pics of their work without being needlessly trolled. The trolls are the true problem, and we can't just surrender the internet to them simply because the alternative is exhausting.
| 30 |
[Middle Earth] How would the history of Middle Earth change if Eru had completely detached himself from Arda the moment after its creation.
|
In this timeline, he would not perform any kind of intervention, direct or indirect. He would be completely silent, not communicating anything to anyone, not even the Valar. All he would do is silently watch the events of the world take place. How would history change?
| 20 |
That's basically what he did. Eru only intervened twice in the history of Arda. Once to sink Númenor and remove the Undying Lands and once to destroy the One Ring.
So it really wouldn't change too much history-wise. If Eru didn't interfere well the Numenoreans land on Valinor only to get crushed by the might of the Valar and 3 Elven nations. The resulting battle shakes the world and sinks Numenor anyway. The only difference is that instead of slinking away, Sauron gets captured and tossed out the void with Melkor. Magic fades and the elves leave because that's inevitable.
The only difference is that the world is still flat and the Undying Lands are still on Arda which raises the possibility that Men can still find Valinor.
| 13 |
CMV: If Brexit doesn't happen we have made an absolute joke of democracy
|
I've been thinking this for a while. And for those interested in the referendum I voted remain, and still feel that way however I find the fact that we voted for Brexit and now every politician and MP is doing everything they can to railroad Brexit and sabotage the plan.
If we all came together, to perform in the interest of the people, instead of squabbling amongst ourselves and stabbing each other in the back with skulduggery, we would have had a deal by now.
I think it's an absolute joke. Whilst I didn't agree with the decision I respect the fact that that was the voice of the people. Now it seems everything is being done to shaft the entire plan, why even offer the vote if we are not gonna go through with it?
I also can guarantee if this were the other way round the backlash wouldn't have been nearly as severe as it is now. Screw Brexit and Remain, this should be a massive indicator that we actually have no say in the future of our country as the top dogs will just do whatever the fuck they want, regardless of the will of the people.
EDIT: Thank you for those who offered actual genuine debate. I honestly learnt a lot and my opinion, whilst not totally swayed, is certainly more open.
To those who decided to be complete dicks instead of actually having a decent conversation, I hope you enjoy the lasting pain of a cactus stabbing you in the eye.
I now have to get back to work and will no longer be able to reply. Thank you guys for making my first CMV an interesting one! 😁
| 82 |
Asserting that the referendum really is the "voice of the people" is the real mockery of democracy. Democracy depends of the affected people making decisions about known quantities and coming to clear majority consensus. None of these things were true about the brexit referendum. Even if we give the leave campaign absolute benefit of the doubt and assume that the voters were fully informed of the possibilities (which they weren't) and that none of the leave campaign's promises were outright lies (which they were) then there is still no clear majority for brexit: we can safely assume that at least some of the leave voters wanted a soft brexit, some wanted a hard brexit, and certainly very few envisioned crashing out with no deal. There's no majority for no deal brexit. Furthermore, what about the constituents who voted for PMs they knew were in favor of a deal, or no brexit at all? Shouldn't that Democratic voice be heard? What is the point of representative democracy if the government is going to cancel parliament to push through a decision that the elected representatives don't want? And finally there's the issue of suffrage. Many of the people most affected by brexit - foreigners in Britain - never got a say in brexit at all. The referendum simply cannot be called the voice of the people.
| 87 |
ELI5: Why on old cartoons, did a scenery object look brighter if the characters were going to interact with it? Why would the quality differ regardless?
| 31 |
They were being drawn in different layers.
Old cartoons were literally drawn on clear plastic sheets like you'd get on an overhead projector. Character's movements therefore had to be drawn and redrawn for each frame. The background didn't. It would stay the same for multiple shots. These different layers would be stacked on top of each other and a picture.would be taken. Then, the character pictures would be swapped out for the next frame. Maybe the background would be moved a bit too. If an object was going to move, it would have to be on a separate layer from the background.
| 47 |
|
Differences in UK and USA PhD programs
|
I recently accepted a PhD program in Canada that is based on the English style of program. Can someone tell me the pros/cons and generally what the differences are in the style of degree programs?
| 25 |
US programs require coursework (~30-60 credits), expect incoming students to have a more general background typical of an American bachelor's program, and usually take at least 5 years post-bac.
UK programs don't have coursework, you are treated like an employee of the university, and typically last 3 years because commonwealth undergrad program coursework focuses much more on the major.
| 15 |
Where does the beep be-be-bop be-be-bop sound from my speakers come from when I get an incoming call?
|
Whenever I'm about to get an incoming call and I'm near my PC, the speakers start playing out this beep be-be-bop be-be-bop thing which stops as soon as my phone starts ringing.
Obviously my phone is talking to the gsm network and the signal is somehow interfering with the speakers, but I get that beeping only just before an incoming call and never during, after or at any other time.
Can anyone explain why?
| 48 |
Transmission spikes as your phone switches from a passive to an active connection with the tower. The cord of your speakers acts as an antenna and picks up the digital signal. Once the active connection is established, the signal strength goes back down.
If you have super sensitive stereo equipment with unshielded cables and self powered speakers they can also pick up a slight buzzing from the data connection as well if you're close enough, but the signal isn't nearly as strong.
If you want to avoid this phenomenon, get rid of your self powered speakers. Use a pre-amp system with a properly shielded input cable and your problems will go away.
| 45 |
[UPDATE] Question about academic integrity
|
Hi /r/AskAcademia,
I would like to thank you for your advice input in the previous thread (linked here: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskAcademia/comments/43kbrb/addressed_towards_professorstas_question_about/). I am posting this here because several people were curious as to what my professor would say, and for future people stuck in a similar situation to me.
In addition to allowing me to swap back into the class, the professor gave me a 0% for the assignment worth roughly 0.5-1.5% of my final grade, however no formal action was pursued (meaning nothing will go on my transcript!). He told me that he decided to do this because I decided to come forward with what I had done before being caught, and because the original violation was not intentional. He also forgave me for the incident, and was very kind about the whole thing in general.
I suppose the TL;DR for anyone who is in my place in the future is to come forward if it was a genuine mistake when it comes to these things, especially if it is over a smaller assignment like mine.
Thank you for all of your help!
| 31 |
Look, everyone has been very kind and you're a very stand-up person. But you need to hear it: calm down for fuck's sake. Your reaction to this whole thing was completely disproportionate. At some point in your life you're going to reach an *actual* moral crossroads, not accidentally commit a minor mistake that 1. your professor would never have heard about, 2. your professor would never have filed anything with the powers that be and 3. Would certainly never stop you from going to grad school. At some point you'll have an actual moral obligation to right some wrong or make some hard decisions and you better be able to respond better than you did here. Or else you'll never Make it as a professional because you'll be too paralyzed to be anything but useless.
| 27 |
The 2011 earthquake in Japan shortened the length of the day by 1.8 microseconds. How was this measured?
| 30 |
Atomic clocks have no problem keeping accurate track of a microsecond, or even a nanosecond, over a day. You just need a good reference, e.g. from the sky. By comparing the signals multiple radio telescopes receive you can determine the current rotation angle of Earth very accurately: The time delay between the signals depends on the rotation angle.
More modern: Laser interferometers can also keep track of the rotation rate of Earth.
| 12 |
|
[Pokemon] Are gym leaders in the order they are because they WANT to be, or is it an indicator of their skill?
|
Like, some gym leaders are older than others, you'd expect the older spectrum of trainers to be stronger, but sometimes we see adult gym leaders earlier on and then 6,7,8 gym leaders are sometimes even kids!
Are they in order of skill or do the gym leaders just prefer to be where they are? For example, can the first gym leader hold their own against one of the Elite 4?
I ask this because, for example, Lt. Surge should've been a member of Elite 4 or Champion just because of the fact the guy was in a war and should be a master tactician, yet he is merely the electric type gym ~level 20 pokemons.
| 17 |
The explanation in the Pokemon Adventures manga and Pokemon Origins series, which are the closest adaptions of the games, is that the gym leader chooses their Pokemon they fight with based on the number of badges the other trainer has. This explains why in Gold & Silver for example, Brock has higher level Pokemon than Lt. Surge.
| 33 |
How do our ears make wax? Is this the only place in our body where wax is made?
| 750 |
Ear wax (cerumen) is a secretion produced by your ceruminous glands, which are only found in your ear canal. It's a mixture of sebaceous secretions and secretions from modified sweat glands, and serves to trap anything foreign that gets into your ear canal (e.g.; dirt, insects).
Your body has other sebaceous glands that produce similar substances (which is why, for instance, your unwashed skin will feel greasy or, if you're a gentleman who still has his foreskin, you have to contend with smegma buildup in that location) and, of course, other sites that secrete perspiration from sweat glands, but cerumen production occurs only in the ear.
| 445 |
|
We live in a society that values having children too much and anyone who prefers having children over adoption is selfish. CMV
|
My perception of the latter statement developed from a conversation I had with my girlfriend. When we were talking about children, I expressed having an interest in adopting a child. Immediately, she was taken aback and spit out, "Absolutely not," outlining how she would never love the child as much as a kid that she birthed herself and not wanting to have a child that aesthetically did not mix with the rest of her family.
Why are we still valuing having children in this society? And for that matter, why do we ostracize people for not wanting to have children, perceiving them as deviant and developmentally stagnant?
There are 7.1 billion people on the planet all struggling for food and trying to live day to day life. 153 million children worldwide have lost one or both parents and many more have been born and given up. How do these children not compare to the one with your own fucked up genetics?
I was raised with the impression that I should always have kids and I went through college looking for someone to have kids with and would always talk about how I want kids. But it dawned on me how I was always talking about having my own kids with my DNA. Isn't that selfish that I would assume that children need my DNA?
I don't have any sympathy for religious values here (and this could be a different CMV) but wanting to continue to make this world worse and worse (by depleting resources faster) just to have your own children because "God" told you to so that you could join him in a supposed afterlife seems self-centered.
TL;DR There's a lot of orphaned children or children in shitty homes, why do we need any more of your genes floating around? What makes you so special?
| 389 |
It may sound a bit cold, but just because there is a societal problem, that doesn't mean that any given person should be required to help fix it.
Yes, more people should be open to adoption and yes doing so would make our world a better place, but that doesn't inherently make someone selfish for not wanting to adopt.
We have a problem with greenhouse gases -- is it selfish that you drive a car instead of biking? You could bike, but your choose to drive.
We have a problem with homeless people -- is it selfish that you don't allow one to sleep in your house? You have the extra space, but you choose not to.
It is up to each individual person to do what they can to help society as a whole. Someone might adopt, someone might ride their bike instead of driving and someone might donate their time or money. Deciding to only do some of these, as opposed to all of them, isn't selfish. It is reality.
| 236 |
With a heavy vehicle trying to stop on snow, what is the relationship between the higher mass increasing traction on the snow, but also increasing the momentum that has to be stopped?
|
I often see pickups loaded with snow for traction, but it seems like extra weight might work against you at a certain point
| 2,596 |
That's an interesting question, let's look at the math.
As you point out, there are two factors at work here.
First is the kinetic energy of the vehicle,
Ke=1/2 m*v^2
M is the vehicle mass, v it's speed.
Second, there is the friction term. This one changes depending on whether or not the car is sliding or the tires are rolling like normal, but in either case the equation takes on the form
F=u*m
Where u is a friction constant times g.
To compare these, we need to look at how force translates to energy - we need to integrate the acceleration term with respect to the distance over which it is applied. this is easy-
F*x= delta E.
So, for the force of friction to cancel out the kinetic energy of the car,
F*x=delta E = u*m*x= 1/2 m*v^2
It looks like the masses cancel out here.
u*x= 1/2 v^2
We can collet all constants to say that
X is proportional to the square of v.
In this case, x is the distance needed to brake, and v is your car speed.
Conclusion: according to classical dynamics, braking early and ESPECIALLY driving slowly are more important than the weight of your car.
Edited as per physicistphill's suggestion.
| 855 |
ELI5: Why does it seem like some colors look good together and others clash?
| 68 |
As with most things dealing with human perception, there is probably an evolutionary basis for what colors look good together (for humans at least). Perhaps during hunter-gatherer times, certain color combinations in nature would indicate whether food was fresh or, if it was unsafe to eat. There are probably many factors, but it's important to remember that 'colors' are just the way our brain intereprets light wavelengths in our visual spectrum, and color combination preferences that look good to us might look very bad to other species based on how their perception of contrasting colors contributes to their evolutionary fitness.
| 24 |
|
ELI5: Would it be possible for an average person to safely land a plane by talking to somebody on the ground?
|
You know the movies, etc.
Say you were to be in the cockpit of a passenger plane (or a small Cessna) and there is nobody on the plane with any flying experience.
Could you bring the plane to land by any means or would you not even be able to figure out how to work the radio? Would you be able to land on an airstrip or rather try a huge dried out desert lake or even a water landing? Could somebody "lower" some pilot into the plane from another plane?
Any chance?
I am sure there are procedures.
| 2,096 |
Yes. Mythbusters tried it in a professional simulator. Some ATC operators are experienced pilots (and those who aren't usually have access to someone who is 'current on type' for the aircraft you're flying), and all commercial airliners are required to have autopilot functionality. Most can even land themselves (called a CAT III autoland). The ATC operator would tell the civilian what settings to put into the autopilot and when, and what levers to pull. Most flying, at least straight in to land in an emergency, requires very few controls. If you don't have to follow the jet corridors, and can go straight to the nearest airport, it's fairly easy. You have even more of a chance if you've done any sort of flight simulation before, so at least you know what most of the buttons do.
EDIT: correction.
| 1,795 |
Why/how do benzodiazepines and Z drugs/sleeping pills cause damage when used long term?
| 214 |
Both drug families target the same binding site of GABA(A) receptors and potentiate GABA responses. This causes an enhancement of inhibitory signals in the neural circuits. As a consequence, there are less action potentials and thus we get relaxed and less responsive at sensible doses.
In a healthy individual there is a fine balance between inhibitory and excitatory signals that shape communication between neurons. As said above, benzos or z drugs mess with that balance. There is no issue when people consume it rarely at recommended doses. However, when used long-term, the neuronal plasticity (the neurons' architecture which includes for example how many receptors are present at its surface) changes to achieve a balance again. Especially the impact of those drugs on dopaminergic neurons mess with the reward system and can such cause dependency.
When consumed at elevated concentrations, Benzodiazepines and (probably) Z drugs target other receptors and binding sites as intended. For example, they bind to sites on the GABA(A) receptor that are usually targeted by anaesthetics. At this point major neuronal pathways get inhibited which regulate perception of pain, awareness (consciousness), control of muscles and breath. Especially latter can be lethal of course.
| 154 |
|
I have a question on 0 Kelvin...
|
So, this is kind of a fail thread because I don't have a link, but I read on r/science that the coldest... system? Something, I don't know, it's irrelevant, but it's only 1 Kelvin. I know there are multiple theories out there on what would happen at 0 Kelvin, but what seems most plausible to men and women of Reddit, and why?
Edit: Just to be more clear, I mean the theories of what happens to an object when it reaches absolute zero since all the atoms stop moving. Would it melt, disappear completely, etc.
Edit 2: My question has been answered, thank you Reddit!
Edit 3: Even though my question has been answered, other people have questions too!
| 16 |
All the particles go into their ground state, which means different things for fermions and bosons.
Most properties of everyday objects are controlled by fermions, and room temperature is already really, really cold for fermions. Thus, not much happens to a normal object, it would just be really cold and have no thermal energy.
If your object is made up of bosons, it would undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, which is a state of matter where every atom/molecule/whatever is in the same state. It has weird properties.
There aren't multiple theories and this isn't an opinion. Zero temperature is not much different than really low temperature. Theoretical physicists usually work at zero temperature because it makes things easier.
| 12 |
ELI5: When a human is buried in a coffin, what actually happens with the dead organic matter?
|
I mean, if one just dies on the ground, the bugs and animals and smaller organisms will consume it. But if it's isolated in a coffin, does it just, mummify?
| 26 |
depends how much embalming fluid there is in their veins. generally, after 10 years there's a lot of liquid in there, recognizable skin and bones lots of hair and a dank smell. if the coffin leaks and doesn't flood they get leathery but if it collapses its usually just dirt and bones. i woked at a cemetery. people move and a lot of times they want loved ones exhumed and cremated. the dead travel better as ashes. one time we dug up a teenaged overdose victim from the 70s. her father was retiring to California and wanted her near. she was perfectly preserved and still beautiful.
| 27 |
CMV:I do not think affirmative action is wrong
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The statement "affirmative action is wrong" is very subjective. This can be twisted in many ways. For the purpose of intellectual honesty, we should argue whether affirmative action helps minorities more than it hurts those in the majority. We should also examine whether or not injury to the majority is such that affirmative action is unjust, regardless of its positive affect on minorities.
I would argue that though there are examples of affirmative action being injurious to the very organization employing it, there are far greater examples of affirmative action helping society overall. This may be indicative of the application of affirmative action in different settings, but the overall intent of affirmative action, as well as the primary benefits are not "wrong" by any measure I can think of.
Opponents make a misguided attempt to show that affirmative action is wrong based on emotional appeals, and irrelevant statements about one group that has benefited from affirmative action (blacks). They further implies those in the majority "suffer" from affirmative action. Opponents also imply that affirmative action is some kind of punishment against whites for having enslaved blacks. All these statements are based on a misguided interpretation of how affirmative action works, and who it benefits.
According to the National Council on State Legislatures, President John F. Kennedy first coined the term in an Executive Order urging that contractors use "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." This led to the establishment of the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission), and EEO policies in the workplace. Lyndon Johnson later issued his own Executive Order requiring contractors to raise their number of minority workers. Colleges and Universities later executed similar policies in recruiting in order to boost their number of minority students. (1)
The argument that simple policies somehow hurt whites as a whole is a very frivolous argument. For centuries, whites have held a monopoly on legislation, law enforcement, education, politics, finance, and land ownership. During the "New Deal," according to the book "When Affirmative Action was White," 65% of African Americans were denied benefits. During and after WWII, while black military members had trouble receiving even the benefits they earned like the GI Bill, recent immigrants from Eastern Europe experienced a revolutionary transformation in their citizenship status. (2)
In a country where the wealth gap is growing between whites and minorities, affirmative action is not only beneficial to all, but necessary. In 2005, whites had a median household net worth of $134,992. Hispanics had a median household net worth of $18,359, and black had a median household net worth of $12,124. Just 4 years later, white's median household net worth had fallen to $113,149. For Hispanics, it fell to $6,325, and for blacks it fell to $5,677. A third of Hispanic and black households in 2009 had a zero or negative net worth in 2009, while only 15% of blacks fit that profile. (3)
It is important to note, also, that the biggest beneficiaries of affirmative action are not black, rather white women. White women, like blacks, once couldn't vote, and once were considered property. Thanks to affirmative action, the number of women (mostly white women) has grown in the following areas (and more):
" The percentage of women architects increased from 3% to nearly 19% of the total;
" The percentage of women doctors more than doubled from 10% to 22% of all doctors;
" The percentage of women lawyers grew from 4% to 23% of the national total;
" The percentage of female engineers went from less than 1% to nearly 9%;
" The percentage of female chemists grew from 10% to 30% of all chemists; and
" The percentage of female college faculty went from 28% to 42% of all faculty. (4)
It would seem to me that affirmative action is not "wrong," rather beneficial to those it is intended to aid, and largely harmless to those who perceive it as "wrong."
(1) http://www.ncsl.org
(2) When Affirmative Action Was White by Ira Katznelson
(3) http://www.pewsocialtrends.org
(4) http://www.timwise.org
_____
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| 18 |
I believe that affirmative action policies, for women as well as racial minorities, address an extremely important issue but do so at the wrong point in time. In terms of both college admissions and job hiring, there is clear evidence that white males have a statistical advantage. But why? Yes, it is because they enjoy a history of privilege. But that is not why they are admitted/hired, at least not in most instances in our modern society. They are admitted/hired because this privilege has made them more productive and competitive. They are, put in the most blunt and realistic terms possible, simply better candidates. They've received better education and been told they're whole life that they are valuable, smart, and capable of success, all of which have helped to sculpt them into extremely qualified and productive individuals. And that's a tricky problem, one that is hard to address in politically incorrect terms. The way most liberals deal with the issue is to pretend that there is no difference between whites and blacks by the time they reach college age, and that's simply not true.
Affirmative action does not allow us to properly deal with the reality that blacks and whites are statistically at very different stages by the time they reach college, and it acts to reward those blacks who have "almost" made it to a similar level as their white peers by giving them an extra push, the idea being that the presence of educated blacks will help the black community. Clearly this is not working--black schools are doing worse than they ever have been even after decades of affirmative action. The solution to these racial issues is making investments in primary and secondary education in black communities which would therefore eliminate the need for affirmative action policies by ensuring that whites and blacks are in fact equally qualified during their application processes.
| 20 |
CMV: Without appropriate education, general wealth is dangerous on the long run
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Wealth is dangerous for most people
Please note that I am trying to address people on average. I am well aware of the variance in people's lives and that my statement may not represent every single individual.
I am a millennial and throughout my upbringing I have been taught about the two World Wars which devastated the European block and other parts of the world.
Stories I have been exposed to are of people lacking almost everything and, according to [Maslow's hierarchy of human needs](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E8OF65DUIiw/ThCpNg-ItZI/AAAAAAAAN6M/vTlb2Z86joQ/s1600/Pyramid-of-Human-Needs.jpg) for most of their life most did not even have time to think about something more abstract than working hard and surviving.
I always admired how, on average, old people are generically happier with less and more resilient, and it makes sense since their expectations are relatively lower than following generations.
In my personal view, survivors of World War II (mostly in the majorly affected Eurasia zone) strove to give their children everything they couldn't have and this, plus the known wealth which came after the wars gave more resources to everyone, enter the Baby Boomers.
Baby Boomers were born in a world much better than their parents', often kept in a glass house. They lived in a world which was constantly growing technologically, financially and socially. They had access to things their parents could only dream of and their experience of famine, danger and fear was relatively contained of inexistent (their parents may have told them about "war stories", but the whole thing was already starting to become more mythical than anything else).
The generations following Baby Boomers reiterate what I described above and this translates to what is important to the average person, their focus, to move upwards in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Basic needs are taking for granted as they are easily fulfilled and the overall attention is towards our inner selves, narcissism has taken over and social networks boosted this too.
The main issue with this is lack of gratitude and appreciation for what people have nowadays. As I wrote before, food, water, shelter, safety, education and even health are often taken for granted but the reality is that the lives people can conduct nowadays depend on thousands of other factors. People are not self-sufficient in the slightest (especially in cities) and they cannot cope with anything that affects their lifestyle. They question things happening instead of why they happen.
This caused overreacting to most issues and the current pandemic is a clear example too. The virus is indeed dangerous but the reaction is hysterical, people don't know how to cope with it because throughout their whole lives the main issue was getting promoted, be popular or something else up in Maslow's hierarchy.
I strongly believe that the educational system is wrong in most western countries. Everything in our society is modeled to give people tools to function in a perfect capitalistic society (where all underlying services work) but no time is spent to increase moral and ethical values. Gratitude is now more important than ever too and, before judging me to be hippy or naive, think about how people overreact about almost anything nowadays.
| 152 |
Not really sure what you’re arguing here- your post seems to be a tangent off your header. Can you clarify what you mean by appropriate education, general wealth, & what you feel is dangerous in the long run about it?
| 41 |
ELI5: what exactly are DJs such as Skrillex and Deadmau5 doing when they perform live besides just playing the songs from their album?
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Just from watching videos, it looks like they are busy turning knobs and flipping switches, but then I've seen clips where they will dive into the crowd for several minutes with no discernible affect on the music.
I realize that the songs are probably mixed differently from what's on the album, but couldn't they just be playing a pre-recorded mix and pretending to be manipulating the equipment?
| 635 |
Back in the days, when laptops were not used for live performances, the main task for a DJ was basically to beatmatch 2 tracks.
This was done by listening to the track you want to play next on your headphones and concentrate on the beat to get an approximation on the bpm (beats per minutes). Now you check out the track that is currently playing and do the same. If you're really good at bpm counting you can get a pretty precise result that is +/-1 of the exact bpm the track really is.
All these information tell you which track is slower and which one is faster.
Now you either fade in the song that is currently playing to your headphones or just slide one side of the headphone off of an ear and listen to the speakers. The tricky part is to pitch THE NEXT TRACK (you will never want to pitch the current track, because the audience would hear it) so it aligns with the current track playing. Once the beats are matching (meaning: there is no stuttering, or the beats don't sound like a "horse-gallop") you need to keep listening to this for some more and hear if the tracks stay beatmatched. This is often not the case, especially at the beginning of this process. If you hear the tracks not aligning anymore, you need to repitch (run slowlier/faster) the next track. Think of 2 marathon-athletes: The guy in the lead is running slowlier than the guy behind him. Naturally, the guy behind him overtakes him. At the moment where he's overtaking him they are "beatmatched". Now: if they would run the same speed, they'd run next to each other (beatmatched) forever, but since one guy is faster, he will overtake the guy in the lead and start running in front of him. To make them run next to each other again we'd have to tell the guy now in the lead to run slowlier, or the guy now behind to run faster.
You do all this with the pitch slider, which controls how fast a track is playing, and by touching & scratching the scratchpad of a CD player or even more oldschool: by touching/scratching/pushing a vinyl itself.
You also need to find good spots to drop the next track in, because just randomly throwing in the new track -even if beatmatched- will most likely sound awful. You need to be aware of the structure of tracks. A good rule of thumb in dance music is to align 2 tracks on the 32nd beat, because that's where normally a new sample is introduced to a track or something happens.
So that's just beatmatching which a DJ has to do in order to please the audience.
Now with the mixer and all his knobs he can add some effects and manipulate the Equalizer (EQ). One thing that is often done is to kill the low end of the EQ which basically eliminates the bass of a track (When a DJ grabs a knob on the mixer and is quickly turning it to the full left it is most likely a kill). This helps in a transition f.e. so you don't have 2 beats at once which might cause distortions and unpleasant sounds.
Nowadays however everything is automatic or you know all the information ahead: -mixers and CD Players show you the bpm
-mixers/CD Players beatmatch for you
-laptops beatmatch for you and even fade in/out for you
The skillful and impressive thing these days though is, sampling while mixing. DJs can create samples (small soundbites) & loops (soundbites which can play in a loop -a bassline f.e.) at home on their laptops with the necessarry programs, which they can then throw in while playing tracks to a live audience. Some DJ's are so creative, that they create whole new tracks live using all these samples they pre-created at home. To do all this, DJs use launchpads. These are boards with a lot of buttons (each representing a sample f.e.) connected to a laptop.
To answer the question of the pre-recorded mix playing: it is absolutely possible someone made a mix at home, burned in on the CD or even simpler saved it on his laptop which he uses in his performance and presses play.
TL;DR;ELI5
In the past: You had to listen to the tracks and estimate the speed of the tracks and then make the next track as fast as the currently playing track by pitching them manually.
You have some effects and an equalizer to play around with.
Today: Beatmatching is mostly done by the machines themselves.
The focus lays on sampling, which means putting together completly new tracks or remix a playing track on-the-fly with samples (soundbites) and loops (repetative soundbites).
| 759 |
What is the difference between aesthetics and morality?
| 26 |
Aesthetics is about art, beauty, and other related topics. It discusses questions like "what makes something beautiful," "what is art," "is artistic merit subjective or objective," and so on.
Morality is about right and wrong, good and bad, virtue and vice, duty, and other related moral topics. It discusses questions like "what is the ethical thing to do in this situation," "what is generosity," "are moral rules subjective or objective," and so on.
So, the difference between the two is that they examine different areas and ask different questions.
| 28 |
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[Witcher] How are doppler so often defeated in combat when they take on their clones mindset too?
| 19 |
They don't take their full mindset and they don't capture all of their memories or experience.
Think of it like watching someone paint. You can see every brush strokes and make an effort to mimic them exactly, but even then you'll make mistakes and produce an inferior product. The Doppler is trying to do the same thing. They know what they are supposed to do, but actually doing it is very different. In fact, they aren't even able to mimic their subject as it happens, they are trying to remember watching someone paint and then doing that.
For simple things it's easy enough, and many of them are very good at what they do, but close examination will always reveal the fake edges.
| 32 |
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[Fallout] Do merchants only accept Nuka-Cola/Sunset Sarsaparilla caps?
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For example, I know there are only Nuka caps in FO3 and Sarsaparilla caps in FNV but if there were other brands would merchants accept them? Would they have the same value?
| 47 |
Probably, yes. Mind you that caps only have value because traders at the hub started accepting them; and they only started accepting caps at all because of their small size and relative durability. The only reason why traders might not accept other kinds of Caps is if accepting those kinds of Caps distabilised the "cap" as a currency. (Like if introducing a new kind of cap would introduce a LOT more caps into the economy, and make the cap collapse)
| 55 |
ELI5: People get Parkinson disease due to loss of Dopamine, Since Dopamine also controls the reward system of the brain, so does that mean that people with Parkinson disease are usually sad and depressed?
| 17 |
> People get Parkinson disease due to loss of Dopamine
That's not true. There's a *correlation* between the two, but we don't know it's the cause. It might be that whatever causes Parkinson's *also* causes the damage to dopamine receptors.
Also, depression is linked to serotonin and norepinephrine, not dopamine. If anything, there'd be a lack of *motivation*, not depression.
| 17 |
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CMV: Trading stocks is glorified Pokemon card trading
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I've recently started looking into trading, and also buying a bunch of shares here and there. But I can't help the feeling that all of this is just glorified Pokemon card trading. Hear me out.
1. The relationship between the company's performance (which should theoretically be measured by profit) is lost. The valuation is given by how "hot" is a company on the market, which boils down to the investor's feelings rather than some concrete performance metric for the company. This means that stock trading basically becomes "guessing the other investor's feelings". This would be more meaningful if dividends were involved, but very few company pay dividends nowadays.
2. Although is called an investment, you don't really invest in the company. You just buy a part of the company from an owner. The company does not benefit in any way for it. This is different from buying shares directly from the company, where the money goes directly to the company for development. So, the money invested just get in between the people who own/would like to own a part of a company. Like trading Pokemon cards, where the more people want a card, the more "valuable" it is.
3. Is an (almost) zero sum game. It has been many times discussed whether trading is or not a zero sum game. The main argument was that companies produce something useful for people, and thus inject value into this trading game. Which is true, but except from buying directly from the company, the simple trading is zero sum. And yes, there is the point that a company might want its stock price at a certain point to prepare another release of shares, but still, the point remains that the "new" shares are way too small in volume and way too disconnected to the real value produced by the company.
| 19 |
Pokémon cards don't pay dividends.
That's the major difference. You literally get a part of the profit merely by owning a stock (without buying or selling). There is no comparable mechanism in Pokémon cards.
Also, you can VOTE you shares to decided the board of directors. No similar mechanism with Pokémon cards.
| 43 |
ELI5: if there is no actual "touch", just electric impulses between atoms that give the feeling of touching, how does a knife, for example, break bonds to "cut" something?
| 81 |
There are two kinds of bonds- intramolecular (forces that hold atoms together in a molecule) and intermolecular (forces that exist between 2 or more molecules). Typically intermolecular forces are much weaker and those are the bonds you can sever to make a "cut". For visualization, think of a bowl of uncooked rice and you take a chopstick to make a imaginary line to through the bowl. You are not cutting any individual/singular rice, but your chopstick will still go through because the pressure you are creating are enough for the rice to essentially get out of the way. In this case, each rice is a stand in for one molecule made of atoms. So while you can separate the molecules (rice) from themselves, but you cannot split a single molecule (not with a chopstick at least). A knife works similarly on a microscopic level, by creating pressure and repulsion between the molecules to separate and therefore cut. Hope this helps.
| 97 |
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[Harry Potter] If i were to give my House Elf money to buy new cloths because theirs are tattered and smell bad, would that count as me giving them cloths?
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I cant have my elf walking around in cloths that smell like they do, does me giving them an allowance to buy cleaner/newer cloths count as me giving them their freedom?
| 23 |
No. They do laundry at Hogwarts, and that's more like giving them clothes. If a House Elf really wants to be free they could interpret some odd things as giving them clothes, but in general it's not something you can do on accident.
| 30 |
Is the night sky noticeably different on Mars?
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I know the stars are crazy far away, but 140 million miles between vantage points seems like it might not be wholly insubstantial.
Would the constellations be familiar? Unrecognizable? Slightly distorted? A combination?
| 114 |
The biggest noticeable difference would be the absence of Mars and Luna in the sky and the addition of Earth, Phobos and Deimos. The position of Jupiter, Saturn, Venus etc against the constellations would also be noticeably different. The shape of the constellations would look identical, although Polaris wouldn't be the North Star on Mars. Mars' North Pole points to a point in the sky about midway between Deneb and Alderamin, and the South Pole points near a star called Kappa Velorum.
Edit: Editing to add that Phobos and Deimos appear to move across the sky in opposite directions. Phobos appears to rise in the West and set in the East and it moves so fast that you could see it rise twice in one night. Deimos on the other hand, moves very slowly across the sky and takes almost 3 sols to cross the sky from East to West.
| 42 |
eli5 how do casinos determine if someone is counting cards?
| 62 |
Counting cards is a simple idea: in blackjack, the cards that have already been dealt can't be dealt again until a reshuffle. Therefore you can determine some information about what cards are coming next. The more high cards that are left, the better for the player (more blackjacks and more dealer busts). If you know this information, you can bet more money when you're more likely to win, and less money when the game is worse.
Casinos also know how all of this works. They're also tracking every card in the game to verify it's running properly. The casino can compare your betting patterns to the known state of the game, and see if you're betting like a card counter would.
The other factor is that they don't need to "prove" it - they can throw you out for any reason or no reason. So if they think you might be counting and you're winning a lot of money, you might be "politely" asked to leave.
| 174 |
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Does an X watt appliance also act as an X watt heater?
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To my understanding the energy that goes into an appliance plugged into your wall is lost in the form of heat and light (which eventually bounces around your room enough times to also become heat).
Does this mean that any appliance that produces heat as a byproduct is equally efficient as an electric space heater?
Does this mean running a PC in a thermostat heated room is essentially free, on account of the heat from the PC meaning the space heater has to run less?
If this isn't the case, then where does the excess energy from the appliance go, if not into the room the appliance is in?
This dumb question brought to you by, me fussing about energy bills this winter! Also a bit of natural curiosity since no answer feels obvious in an intuitive sense to me.
| 2,102 |
Yes, assuming it's actually drawing X watts. All of the energy that comes out of the wall has to go somewhere, and heat is the overwhelming majority of it (you'll probably lose some tiny amount of it through light out of the window and such).
> Does this mean running a PC in a thermostat heated room is essentially free, on account of the heat from the PC meaning the space heater has to run less?
Yes, *assuming that your heating is all electroresistive*. If you have gas heating, or a heat pump, then this will not be the case, because in the former case gas is cheaper per unit energy than electricity, and in the latter a heat pump can be considerably more than 100% efficient.
| 1,090 |
ELI5: why do the fastest bicycles have really thin tyres but the fastest cars have very wide tyres
| 19,249 |
Bicycles are power and endurance limited by the cyclist so minimizing friction and drag are paramount.
Racing cars on a track with curves is typically grip limited (ie tires lose grip before engine max power). So wider tires that improve grip reduce the time it takes to go around the track.
| 14,214 |
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[Marvel] How is Dr. Doom evil?
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I'm struggling to grasp on the concept of Victor Von Doom being a villain. From what I could gather, he genuinely want to develop his nation of Latvia and the world into an ideal utopia. Sure, he is willing to do some shady stuff like murder and torture in order to ensure his goals be met, but doesn't that apply to all major power holders of our world like the government? Or is it the fact that he dabbled in dark magic a thing that made him bad?
If anything, comparing to other 'good' character of other series, he's a saint. The God Emperor of Mankind (warhammer 40k) basically has the same mindset that Doom has, except he's willing to do much more heinous stuff in order to achieve his goals but people still praise him as the beacon of light that guides humanity
| 86 |
Basically: Cool Motive, Still Murder.
Yeah, Doom might technically be working towards a good future but the way he goes about it has some serious morally evil things to do. Many other people could create a place as utopian as Doom's vision, the thing is that the rest of these people have a moral center and do not wish to infringe on people's private freedoms. Doom is also quite egoistic, he is someone who enjoys playing god.
| 152 |
I am a *bad* PhD student that is about to graduate. How do I cope?
|
I have very good intuition, and am smart, but not studious. I got into academia for the wrong reasons a long time ago. I had a partner who was becoming an academic, and I felt I should be one too to be good enough. We broke up, and I was too deep into my degree to know what else to do.
I just realized that I misunderstood an important result a long time ago, and have been acting on this wrong understanding for over two years. I am very lucky that my work is still correct, and only small parts need to be changed. I feel like a piece of crap, though.
So I am not good at what I do. If it is a life and death situation, I will sit down and learn a topic well. I will eventually forget everything, because I don't care about my field. I am missing a lot of the basics, but know how to wing it, so I am still floating.
I don't know why, but at one point people started thinking I am some sort of a genius. Experiencing the disappointment that people go through when they realize that I am not devastates me. I don't want to be seen as anything. Then there are the sadists that have fun exposing me, humiliating and dominating me for being such a failure, and so on. So not only do I feel guilty, I also have very high external expectations and pressures that I have to work with. I tend to avoid everybody, which feeds into this who catch-22 thing. I just do not understand what anybody is talking about, and I don't care.
I know that if I have to learn something to teach it, I will learn it well. I also know that I can apply things to the real world really well. Whatever I am doing right now, and whatever people value in academia are things I don't know how to deal with.
I am very confident that I am going to graduate. I have a solid research plan, and am going to study well for my viva. I know I am getting my PhD. I am still terrified that someday someone will start digging, and then everybody realizes that I am a stupid nobody.
My advisor doesn't give a fuck, and only wants to get things done. Their modus operandi is throwing shit until something sticks, and it seems that compliments is the shit for me. I don't trust anything they say. I have no idea how I am doing, and I don't think it is imposter syndrome.
| 67 |
Actually, this sounds like the definition of imposter syndrome.
Until somebody in authority tells you that you must do major improvements, or kicks you out, your thinking that you will be a "bad" PhD is very likely wrong. There are always people who act in a condescending fashion, as if they are far smarter than you, and imply that you have done inferior work. ALL research has some failure. NOBODY's work is perfect, and all folks figure out flaws in their own work; what makes a good researcher is to work out the solutions. Everything sounds normal here except you are allowing your brain to run away with stuff that doesn't matter.
Ignore everyone but your advisors, do your work, get finished, and when it's time move on to the next challenge, whether it's a postdoc, in academics, or elsewhere.
| 161 |
ELI5: What is 'cold working' & 'hot working'?
|
In terms of metal works, etc. I've also read the term 'the rivet is driven cold'. What is it? How is it done?
| 26 |
It very simply refers to the temperature a metal is worked at. Cold working means simply working the metal as it is, hot working means working it when it's hot.
Hot working obviously requires the metal to be heated, but makes it softer, as well as leaving less residual internal stresses behind (by heating the metal, internal stresses can be allowed to resolve). Cold working typically creates internal stresses.
| 26 |
ELI5: Tear Gas. What is it and what does it do to the body?
| 65 |
You know mace/pepper spray?
​
Package that up with a minor explosive/propellant and you have tear gas.
​
It's not simply capsaicin, there are more chemicals in it. What they do, they irritate the eyes and cause them to swell. This is where it gets it's name, as the eyes produce tears to wash it out. It then enters the lungs, where it causes immense irritation, causing coughing. Sensitive areas of the skin, like those around the eyes, will begin to get irritated and start bo burn. It is immensely effective at making someone stop what they are doing.
​
Interestingly, it is OK'd to be used as Riot Control, but cannot be used as a weapon during wars, as it violates the CWC. This is because tear gas can be made into a toxic compound that is essentially mustard gas.
| 62 |
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ELI5: How did ancient astronomers distinguish planets from stars?
| 37 |
The word "planet" means wanderer. When ancient astronomers looked at the night sky they noticed that most of the points of light were fixed in relation to each other. Each night the stars would all be in the same place as they moved across the sky. But, a few of the points of light would move from night to night.
Over the course of weeks and months they would be in completely different positions. Sometimes, near this constellation, sometimes near that one. Sometimes they would rise just after dark, sometimes not until just before dawn.
Through these observations they realized these wanderers were a different type of object from the fixed stars.
| 49 |
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Why do politicians and economists claim new construction is important for the housing industry (eg. to lower prices) when there is already a large number of (even vacant) houses?
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Doesn't dedicating resources to building new houses when we already have many vacant houses a bad allocation of our land, labor and capital -- not to mention unnecessarily bad for the environment?
| 115 |
Because the general idea is that where demand is is not the same place that supply is. There is a lot of demand for housing in urban areas, hence they tend to be significantly expensive. But it’s the opposite effect in rural areas where there is low demand. So, by building more housing in urban areas we can shift the demand supply left so the end result is cheaper housing.
| 173 |
ELI5: Why is Phillip considered a prince, even if he's married to the Queen?
| 75 |
The wife of the King is a Queen (Queen Consort).
The husband of the Queen is a Prince (Prince Consort).
Phillip is not King. He is husband to Elizabeth, who is Queen (Queen Regnant).
The difference between Queen Regnant and Queen Consort is that Queen Regnant is Queen by her own right, while Queen Consort is Queen through marriage.
| 88 |
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[WH40K] Can an ordinary human use Space Marine Armor?
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Outside of heresies in using them. Can salvaged SM Power Armor be used by an ordinary human? If not in a moments notice, can he/she modify it to work?
| 47 |
No, but there are variants of power armor specifically designed for normal humans. Space Marine power armor is designed to interface directly with his body in such a way that it becomes a natural extension of his own self. They can move and interact with other objects as if they were using their own flesh.
Examples of normal humans who use power armor include the Sisters of Battle, an all female military order who are not space marines, but are confidant and powerful warriors for the Emperor.
| 44 |
[Supernatural] When Angels take a vessel where do their blades come from?
| 16 |
Since the "weapons" of heaven are shown in *The French Mistake* to just be a powerful cleansing light from the user's body, one can assume that Angelblades are similar, and exist by default in a spiritual state, not a physical one. When you see one slide out of an angel's sleeve, that's probably them summoning it into physical form. At other times, it would exist inside their noncorporeal being, and thus travel around with them when they're not in their vessel.
| 11 |
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Why do the people of Earth love the Fantastic Four, but hate and distrust the mutant threat? [X-men, Marvel, Fantastic Four]
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The difference between natural born mutants and the scientists zapped by cosmic rays is purely intellectual. And the 'threat' of a superpowered person who can beat the safeguards society has put in place to make people feel better remains with the F4. So why the difference of opinion between the two types of mutants?
| 27 |
Good publicity, and the fact that they were born human. Even before they gained superpowers, three of the members of the team were already nationally-recognized celebrities. The media was all over it, and they had numerous public appearances and interviews which put a very positive light on them and their unique situation. Every kid dreams of gaining superpowers, and the Fantastic Four embodied that for a lot of people.
| 40 |
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