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Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in Oct, 2017? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in 2017-10-08? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in 08/10/2017? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in Oct 08, 2017? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in 10/08/2017? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Christophe Noppe play for in 08-Oct-201708-October-2017? | October 08, 2017 | {
"text": [
"Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise"
]
} | L2_Q23046161_P54_2 | Christophe Noppe plays for DJ-Matic Kortrijk from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Christophe Noppe plays for Arkéa-Samsic from Jan, 2020 to Jan, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2019.
Christophe Noppe plays for Cofidis from Jan, 2023 to Dec, 2022.
Christophe Noppe plays for EFC-L&R-Vulsteke from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2016. | Christophe NoppeChristophe Noppe (born 29 November 1994 in Oudenaarde) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . | [
"Arkéa-Samsic",
"EFC-L&R-Vulsteke",
"Cofidis",
"DJ-Matic Kortrijk"
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in Jun, 1965? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in 1965-06-03? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in 03/06/1965? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in Jun 03, 1965? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in 06/03/1965? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Terry Adamson play for in 03-Jun-196503-June-1965? | June 03, 1965 | {
"text": [
"Sunderland A.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q16120002_P54_0 | Terry Adamson plays for Sunderland A.F.C. from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1966.
Terry Adamson plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1968.
Terry Adamson plays for Luton Town F.C. from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1967. | Terry AdamsonTerence Adamson (born 15 October 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Luton Town and Hartlepools United.GeneralSpecific | [
"Hartlepool United F.C.",
"Luton Town F.C."
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in Sep, 1923? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in 1923-09-14? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in 14/09/1923? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in Sep 14, 1923? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in 09/14/1923? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Who was the chair of PEN International in 14-Sep-192314-September-1923? | September 14, 1923 | {
"text": [
"John Galsworthy"
]
} | L2_Q206811_P488_0 | Heinrich Böll is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1971 to Jan, 1974.
John R. Saul is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2015.
Jiří Gruša is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2009.
Denis Saurat is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1947.
Iván Boldizsár is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1988.
John Galsworthy is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1933.
Jules Romains is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1936 to Jan, 1941.
Mario Vargas Llosa is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1976 to Jan, 1979.
Homero Aridjis is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2003.
György Konrád is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993.
Jennifer Clement is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Miller is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1969.
H. G. Wells is the chair of PEN International from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1936. | PEN InternationalPEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.The first PEN Club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first president. Its first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essayists, Novelists", but now stands for "Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, Novelists", and includes writers of any form of literature, such as journalists and historians.The club established the following aims:Past presidents of PEN International have included Alberto Moravia, Heinrich Böll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Jiří Gruša and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.PEN International is headquartered in London and composed of autonomous PEN Centres in over 100 countries around the world, each of which are open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively engaged in any branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, colour, or religion.It is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.The PEN Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and is summarised by PEN itself as follows:PEN International Writers in Prison Committee works on behalf of persecuted writers worldwide. Established in 1960 in response to increasing attempts to silence voices of dissent by imprisoning writers, the Writers in Prison Committee monitors the cases of as many as 900 writers annually who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, made to disappear, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting free expression violations against writers around the world.The committee also coordinates the PEN International membership's campaigns that aim towards an end to these attacks and to the suppression of freedom of expression worldwide.PEN International Writers in Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organisations that monitors censorship worldwide and defends journalists, writers, internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organisations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian government, TMG has worked to ensure constitutional guarantees of free expression and human rights within the country.On 15 January 2016, PEN International joined human rights organisations Freemuse and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organisations, to protest against the 2013 imprisonment and 2015 sentencing of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmaker Hossein Rajabian, and called on the head of the judiciary and other Iranian authorities to drop the charges against them.Salil Tripathi is the Chair of this Committee.The various PEN affiliations offer many literary awards across a broad spectrum.A grove of trees beside Lake Burley Griffin forms the PEN International memorial in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The dedication reads: "The spirit dies in all of us who keep silent in the face of tyranny." The memorial was officially opened on 17 November 1997.A cast-iron sculpture entitled "Witness", commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty chair, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by English PEN to represent imprisoned writers around the world. It was unveiled on 13 December 2011. | [
"Jennifer Clement",
"Jules Romains",
"H. G. Wells",
"Iván Boldizsár",
"Mario Vargas Llosa",
"György Konrád",
"Homero Aridjis",
"Arthur Miller",
"John R. Saul",
"Jiří Gruša",
"Denis Saurat",
"Heinrich Böll"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in Nov, 1830? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in 1830-11-13? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in 13/11/1830? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in Nov 13, 1830? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in 11/13/1830? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Dugdale Dugdale hold in 13-Nov-183013-November-1830? | November 13, 1830 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
} | L2_Q26213077_P39_7 | Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1802 to Oct, 1806.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1807 to Sep, 1812.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1806 to Apr, 1807.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1812 to Jun, 1818.
Dugdale Dugdale holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826. | Dugdale Stratford DugdaleDugdale Stratford Dugdale (1773–1836) was a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1802 to 1831.Dugdale Stratford Dugdale was the first surviving son of Richard Geast (later Dugdale), barrister, of Blythe Hall, by Penelope Bate Stratford, the daughter of Francis Stratford of Merevale Hall.Dugdale was returned unopposed for the constituency of Warwickshire in 1802, which he went on to serve for 29 years.On 27 June 1799 he married Hon. Charlotte Curzon (d. 30 Dec. 1832), daughter of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, with whom he had a son, the Conservative MP William Stratford Dugdale | [
"Member of the 2nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 4th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in Dec, 1989? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in 1989-12-11? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in 11/12/1989? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in Dec 11, 1989? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in 12/11/1989? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which employer did Katarzyna Łaniewska work for in 11-Dec-198911-December-1989? | December 11, 1989 | {
"text": [
"Polish Theatre in Warsaw"
]
} | L2_Q11737117_P108_3 | Katarzyna Łaniewska works for National Theatre of Warsaw from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1966.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Teatr Dramatyczny from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1977.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Polish Theatre in Warsaw from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1995.
Katarzyna Łaniewska works for Ateneum Theatre from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1983. | Katarzyna ŁaniewskaKatarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (20 June 1933 – 7 December 2020) was a Polish theatre and film actress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.Both of Katarzyna Łaniewska's parents came from Łódź. Her father was an activist of the co-operative movement and a Polish legionnaire during World War I, who was considered a "dangerous element" by the Nazis and murdered at Auschwitz after he was denounced by a colleague of Belarusian origin. Along with her mother and siblings, she survived the Warsaw Uprising, and was sent to the transit camp in Pruszków. Łaniewska and her family returned to Warsaw on 17 January 1945.After the war, she joined the "harcerstwo" (polish version of Scouting). In 1955, she graduated from the Theatre Academy in Warsaw, and made her debut in the same year. She was president of the Warsaw branch of the Association of Polish Stage Artists (ZASP) and from 1992 to 2006 served on the Skolimowska Commission of ZASP Board.By September 2013, she was a columnist of the weekly "W Sieci".During her studies, she belonged to the socialist Union of Polish Youth, but as she said, "it is not true, as some are trying to insinuate that I managed the ZMP. It was not like [that].". She then belonged to the Polish United Workers' Party.By the end of the seventies, she became involved with the anti-communist opposition. In 1980, she co-founded a branch of Solidarity at the Ateneum Theatre. She participated in organizing patriotic concerts and the distribution of underground publications. She worked with Jerzy Popiełuszko during this period.In the Polish parliamentary elections in 2011, Łaniewska was a nonpartisan candidate to the Senate on behalf of the Law and Justice party in Warsaw. She received nearly 100 thousand votes (nearly 31%) and lost to the Civic Platform party's Barbara Borys-Damięcka with almost 197 thousand. She regularly engaged in activities supporting the Law and Justice Party, and was one of the main speakers on behalf of the organizers of the "March of Freedom and Justice" on 13 December 2015.After her third year of studies, she married Ignacy Gogolewski, with whom she had a daughter, Agnieszka. The marriage broke up after ten years. From 1984 until his death in 2018, her second husband was Andrzej Błaszczak. | [
"Teatr Dramatyczny",
"National Theatre of Warsaw",
"Ateneum Theatre"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in Sep, 2001? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in 2001-09-09? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in 09/09/2001? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in Sep 09, 2001? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in 09/09/2001? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Denis MacShane hold in 09-Sep-200109-September-2001? | September 09, 2001 | {
"text": [
"Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Minister of State for Foreign Affairs"
]
} | L2_Q695061_P39_3 | Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1997 to May, 2001.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 2005 to Apr, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jan, 2006 to Nov, 2010.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Europe from Apr, 2002 to May, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 2012 to Nov, 2012.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2005.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from Jun, 2001 to Apr, 2002.
Denis MacShane holds the position of Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1994 to Apr, 1997. | Denis MacShaneDenis MacShane (born Josef Denis Matyjaszek, 21 May 1948) is a British former politician, author and commentator who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham from 1994 to his resignation in 2012. A former member of the Labour Party, he was Minister of State for Europe from 2002 until 2005.Born in Glasgow to an Irish mother and Polish father, MacShane was privately educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing and studied at Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a BBC journalist and trade unionist before completing a PhD at Birkbeck, University of London. He contested Solihull in October 1974 but was unsuccessful. After failing to be selected to contest a constituency at the 1992 general election, he was elected to Parliament for Rotherham at a 1994 by-election.Following the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Balkans and Latin America. In April 2002, he became Minister of State for Europe and was appointed to the Privy Council. He returned to the backbenches after the 2005 general election.In November 2012, Labour suspended MacShane when the Standards and Privileges Committee found he had submitted 19 false invoices "plainly intended to deceive" the parliamentary expenses authority. The allegations, which were made by the British National Party, had been investigated for 20 months by the Metropolitan Police. After the Commons upheld the complaint, he announced his intention to resign as MP for Rotherham and from the Privy Council. In November 2013, he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, by submitting false receipts for £12,900. On 23 December, he was sentenced to six months in prison. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane was born on 21 May 1948 in Glasgow as Josef Denis Matyjaszek to an Irish mother, Isobel MacShane, and Jozef Matyjaszek, a Pole who had fought in the Second World War and remained in exile, taking British nationality in 1950. He was educated at the independent St Benedict's School in Ealing, before going on to study at Merton College, Oxford.MacShane worked for the BBC from 1969 to 1977, including as a newsreader and reporter on Wolverhampton Wanderers for BBC Radio Birmingham. He changed his surname to his mother's maiden name at the request of his employers. He was fired by the BBC after using a fake name to call the radio phone-in programme he worked on at the time. During the call, MacShane accused leading Conservative politician Reginald Maudling, who had been forced to resign as a frontbencher after accusations of financial impropriety in 1972, of being a crook. The MP threatened to sue as a result.MacShane supported the Solidarity trade union in Poland, where he was arrested in 1982 for attending a demonstration and deported. He became an activist for the National Union of Journalists and later its president 1978 to 1979. He was policy director of the International Metal Workers' Federation from 1980 to 1992, and he completed a PhD in international economics at Birkbeck, University of London in 1990.MacShane first contested a parliamentary seat at the October 1974 general election, where he failed to win Solihull. In 1984, he was on the short list for Labour Party Communications Director, but Peter Mandelson was appointed instead. For the 1992 general election, he attempted to secure a nomination for the Coventry South East constituency, then Neath, and finally Rotherham, though all the attempts were unsuccessful.MacShane was elected to the House of Commons in the 1994 Rotherham by-election. He was a member of the Deregulation Select Committee 1996–1997, and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to a succession of ministers in the 1997–2001 Parliament.After the 2001 general election, MacShane was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 11 June 2001, with responsibility for the Balkans and Latin America. He caused some embarrassment to the government in 2002 by describing President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela as a 'ranting, populist demagogue' and compared him to Benito Mussolini during a failed military coup attempt to depose the democratically elected president. Afterwards, he had to make clear that, as minister with responsibility for Latin America, the government deplored the coup attempt.In November 2001, an article was published under Khalid Mahmood's name supportive of the war in Afghanistan headlined "The Five Myths Muslims Must Deny". A few days later however, it was revealed that "The Observer" article had not in fact been written by Mahmood, but by MacShane; Mahmood had agreed to put his name to the article after Lord Ahmed of Rotherham had refused. Mahmood's actions were condemned by Inayat Bunglawala from the Muslim Council of Britain, who said, "MacShane then found Mahmood – universally regarded as being not exactly the brightest spark in parliament – to be a more willing instrument for his scheme".In 2002, he became Minister for Europe in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Estelle Morris. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in 2005.MacShane was a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and strongly supported Tony Blair's foreign policy, including in relation to the Middle East. Later in 2003, he criticised Muslim community leaders, saying they did not do enough to condemn acts of Islamic terrorism.During a meeting of Durham Labour Students in 2004, MacShane described Gordon Brown's five economic tests for joining the European single currency as, "a bit of a giant red herring." When contacted by "The Scotsman" newspaper about whether or not he made the comments, he responded: "Jesus Christ, no. I mean, ‘red herring’ is not one of my favourite metaphors. If you think any Labour MP saying the Prime Minister's most important policy is a red herring, then they would not survive long in the job." He had been recorded on a dictaphone, and the tape was played on both the "Today" programme and BBC News 24. MacShane wrote in "Tribune", "I have no idea why I was removed as a minister, and it does not worry me in the slightest."In March 2005, MacShane signed on to the Henry Jackson Society principles, advocating a proactive approach to the spread of liberal democracy across the world, including by military intervention. The society also supports "European military modernisation and integration under British leadership". After the 2005 general election, MacShane was dropped from the government. After returning to the backbenches in 2005, he was appointed as a delegate to the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.MacShane has campaigned on the issue of sex trafficking but was accused of repeatedly using false statistics in order to inflate the number of female victims. In January 2007, he stated, "According to Home Office estimates, 25,000 sex slaves currently work in the massage parlours and brothels of Britain." He repeated the figure in a 2008 debate, attributing it to the "Daily Mirror" newspaper. It was later claimed that no such figure exists as an estimate.On 17 December 2008, he initiated a debate about Britain's libel laws in Parliament. Specifically, he described how the United Kingdom has become a destination for libel tourists as well as how various jurisdictions in the United States (including the U.S. states of New York and Illinois and the federal government) were ready to pass measures designed to halt, at the minimum, reciprocal enforcement of civil judgments related to libel with the United Kingdom, and quite possibly, to allow countersuit, and the award of treble damages in the United States against any person bringing a libel action in a non-US court against US publications or websites.On 25 August 2010, "The Guardian" reported that MacShane admitted he was the MP involved in an incident with a volunteer with the new Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority: "On 11 May a volunteer had an encounter with an MP who was described as 'very difficult ... disruptive [and] angry' during an induction session. The official report said: 'At the 10 minute mark the volunteer burst into tears and a staff member [from Ipsa] attempted to intervene. When the staff member offered to help, the MP dismissed him as 'condescending', at which point another staff member pulled the volunteer (still in tears) out of the session.' MacShane apologised for his conduct.MacShane was publicly criticised by the Association of Political Thought for wrongly accusing London School of Economics professor of political and gender theory Anne Phillips of supporting prostitution and filling the minds of her students with "poisonous drivel". As evidence of her supposed support for the latter, he cited a question from an LSE reading list about the ethical differences between legal waged labour and prostitution. MacShane later admitted that he had taken the question 'out of context'. Labour MP Fiona Mactaggart subsequently called Professor Phillips' views "frankly nauseating" on the basis of the same evidence.MacShane was a Patron of Supporters of Nuclear Energy, and supported the development of a nuclear industry manufacturing centre in Rotherham. MacShane was employed as an advisor by United Utilities, Britain's largest water company, during 2006 and 2007.MacShane was MP for Rotherham during the period of large-scale sexual abuse of children in the constituency. After the publication of the "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham" he said in a BBC radio interview that no-one had come to him with child abuse allegations during that period, but that he should have been more involved in the issue. Saying that he had done too little, he said he had been aware of what he saw as the problems of cousin marriage and the oppression of women within parts of the Muslim community in Britain, but: "Perhaps yes, as a true "Guardian" reader, and liberal leftie, I suppose I didn't want to raise that too hard. I think there was a culture of not wanting to rock the multicultural community boat if I may put it like that."Another issue on which MacShane was active as a parliamentarian was combating antisemitism. He was chair of the inquiry panel of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, which reported in September 2006. In March 2009, he became chairman of a think-tank on antisemitism, the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism.MacShane was an advisory board member of the now defunct Just Journalism, an organisation focused on how UK media reported Israel and the Middle East. Just Journalism had strong links with the Henry Jackson Society, and shared an office with it.As part of the review of all MPs expenses, MacShane was ordered to repay £1,507.73 in wrongfully claimed expenses, with his appeals against the ruling being rejected. He was also alleged to have passed twelve invoices from the "European Policy Institute" for "research and translation" expenses to the parliamentary authorities, and claimed for eight laptop computers in three years. A number of newspapers stated that the EPI was "controlled" by MacShane's brother, Edmund Matyjaszek, a claim which MacShane denied: "The EPI was set up 20 years ago by a network of people on the Left working in Europe and the US... Ed is my Brother, but simply administrates it."MacShane had previously written an article for "The Guardian" in which he played down the expenses scandal, writing, "There will come a moment when moats and manure, bath plugs and tampons will be seen as a wonderful moment of British fiddling, but more on a Dad's Army scale than the real corruption of politics." In 2008, MacShane supported House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin, calling for Conservative Douglas Carswell to be disciplined for saying that Martin should resign for failing to do enough to prevent the abuse of parliamentary expense claims.At the end of their enquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided to close the file. MacShane was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012, but was then suspended again by the Labour Party on 2 November 2012 after a parliamentary committee found that he had submitted 19 false invoices for expenses that were "plainly intended to deceive". Later that day, MacShane announced that he would be resigning from Parliament. He said: "I have decided for the sake of my wonderful constituency of Rotherham and my beloved Labour Party to resign as an MP by applying for the Chiltern Hundreds or as guided by the House authorities. I love the House of Commons and I hope by resigning I can serve by showing that MPs must take responsibility for their mistakes and accept the consequences of being in breach of the House rules".He said in a statement: "Clearly I deeply regret that the way I chose to be reimbursed for costs related to my work in Europe and in combating antisemitism, including being the Prime Minister’s personal envoy, has been judged so harshly." However, the Standards and Privileges Committee stated that the Commons had placed strict conditions and limits on funding MPs' travel to Europe, MacShane was clearly aware of these rules, and concluded "Mr MacShane claimed in the way he did to ensure that his use of public funds for his European travel was not challenged" by sending misleading invoices to himself in order to claim the costs of travelling and to entertain European contacts.It was reported on 14 October 2010 that the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards (on instruction from the Standards and Privileges Committee) had referred an expenses-related complaint about MacShane from the British National Party to the Metropolitan Police. The matter referred was his claiming of expenses totalling £125,000 for his constituency office, the office being his garage. The Labour Party suspended MacShane from the parliamentary party pending the outcome.In June 2011, "The Daily Telegraph" highlighted further discrepancies in MacShane's expenses which had been uncovered by former independent candidate Peter Thirlwall. As a result, he held an emergency meeting with House of Commons officials and agreed to repay a further £3,051.38. The lengthy investigation concluded on 4 July 2012 with an announcement that the Metropolitan Police would take no further action, but it was reported on 21 January 2013 that the police were to re-open the expenses claims investigation involving MacShane.On 11 July 2013 the Crown Prosecution Service announced that MacShane would be charged with false accounting under the Theft Act 1968, involving the creation of £12,900 of fake receipts. He continued to write columns for "The Guardian", as well as appearing on television programmes relating to European affairs both in Britain and in other European countries. On 18 November 2013 he pleaded guilty to false accounting at the Old Bailey, and on 23 December 2013 was jailed for six months. He served his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh and HM Prison Brixton, and subsequently by wearing an electronic tag.MacShane resigned his membership in 2013, after discussions with the body's secretariat.After MacShane was forced to resign his seat, Martin Bright in "The Jewish Chronicle" wrote that his "fall from grace has been a blow for those who share his concerns about extremist politics, whether it is radical Islamism in the Middle East, neo-fascism at home or the rise of ultranationalist groups in Eastern Europe." In November 2013, Bright described MacShane as "one of" the Jewish community's "greatest champions".Shortly after being released from prison in 2014, UKIP MEPs alleged MacShane was ejected from the premises of the European Parliament members’ bar where he had been meeting UKIP leader Nigel Farage, after a British MEP accused him of loitering in the building "like a bad smell" and told officials he had no right to be there. MacShane was reported to be seeking a communications job.In his 2014 book "Prison Diaries" MacShane detailed his life in prison, in which he claimed to hold the status of "politician prisoner". He has written more than ten books on European politics including three on Brexit about which he writes and broadcasts regularly in Britain and Europe. He is the author of several books on European politics, most notably Brexit: How Britain will Leave Europe, written in 2014, which warned that the EU referendum in the UK would result in a vote to quit Europe. His latest book, Brexiternity: The Uncertain Fate of Britain, argues that Brexit will dominate British politics, economics and international relations for years to come.From 1975 to 1981 MacShane had a relationship with broadcaster Carol Barnes. Their daughter, Clare Barnes, died in March 2004 after her parachute failed to open on her 200th skydiving jump in Australia. MacShane married Liliana Kłaptoć, originally from Poland, in 1983, but the relationship lasted only a few years. In 1987, he married Nathalie Pham, an interpreter of French-Vietnamese origin; they have a son and three daughters. They divorced in 2003. His relationship with writer Joan Smith ended in 2010 after seven years. In 2012, he began a relationship with the economist Vicky Pryce, who had been married to the former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne.In his spare time, he enjoys skiing and running.Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal: | [
"Minister of State for Europe",
"Member of the 52nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 55th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 54th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Member of the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in Apr, 1946? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in 1946-04-07? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in 07/04/1946? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in Apr 07, 1946? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in 04/07/1946? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which employer did Clifford Truesdell work for in 07-Apr-194607-April-1946? | April 07, 1946 | {
"text": [
"Naval Ordnance Laboratory"
]
} | L2_Q950146_P108_3 | Clifford Truesdell works for Indiana University Bloomington from Jan, 1950 to Jan, 1961.
Clifford Truesdell works for University of Michigan from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1944.
Clifford Truesdell works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1943.
Clifford Truesdell works for United States Naval Research Laboratory from Jan, 1948 to Jan, 1950.
Clifford Truesdell works for Johns Hopkins University from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1989.
Clifford Truesdell works for Naval Ordnance Laboratory from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1948.
Clifford Truesdell works for Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. | Clifford TruesdellClifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything." He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950–61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University. He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis" and "Archive for History of Exact Sciences", which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing, the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden. Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux) was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference). | [
"Johns Hopkins University",
"University of Michigan",
"United States Naval Research Laboratory",
"Brown University",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Indiana University Bloomington"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in Jan, 2012? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in 2012-01-01? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in 01/01/2012? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in Jan 01, 2012? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in 01/01/2012? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which team did Maarten van Trijp play for in 01-Jan-201201-January-2012? | January 01, 2012 | {
"text": [
"Lotto-Soudal U23"
]
} | L2_Q18145521_P54_1 | Maarten van Trijp plays for Rabobank Development from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2015.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Alpecin–Fenix from Jan, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Metec-TKH-Mantel from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Lotto-Soudal U23 from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg from Feb, 2018 to Dec, 2018.
Maarten van Trijp plays for Avia Wcup from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. | Maarten van TrijpMaarten van Trijp (born 6 October 1993 in Bergen op Zoom) is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2013 and 2019 for the , , and teams. | [
"Rabobank Development",
"Avia Wcup",
"Metec-TKH-Mantel",
"Destil-Parkhotel Valkenburg",
"Alpecin–Fenix"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in Sep, 1931? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in 1931-09-26? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in 26/09/1931? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in Sep 26, 1931? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in 09/26/1931? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Abraham Fraenkel work for in 26-Sep-193126-September-1931? | September 26, 1931 | {
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
} | L2_Q61043_P108_2 | Abraham Fraenkel works for Bar-Ilan University from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1957.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Abraham Fraenkel works for German Army from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1918.
Abraham Fraenkel works for University of Marburg from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1928. | Abraham FraenkelAbraham Fraenkel (; February 17, 1891 – October 15, 1965) was a German-born Israeli mathematician. He was an early Zionist and the first Dean of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory, especially his additions to Ernst Zermelo's axioms, which resulted in the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.Abraham Adolf Halevi Fraenkel studied mathematics at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Marburg and Breslau. After graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor in 1922.In 1919 he married Wilhelmina Malka A. Prins (1892–1983). Due to the severe housing shortage in post-war Germany, for a few years the couple lived as subtenants at professor Hensel's place.After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Jewish National Council and the Jewish Assembly of Representatives under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Mizrachi religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.Fraenkel's early work was on Kurt Hensel's p-adic numbers and on the theory of rings. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic "Einleitung in die Mengenlehre" (Introduction to set theory) in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel worked in set theory and foundational mathematics.Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss's works in algebra, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan (near Tel Aviv). | [
"Bar-Ilan University",
"German Army",
"University of Marburg",
"Hebrew University of Jerusalem"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in Sep, 1944? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in 1944-09-22? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in 22/09/1944? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in Sep 22, 1944? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in 09/22/1944? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Which employer did Arnold Mallis work for in 22-Sep-194422-September-1944? | September 22, 1944 | {
"text": [
"University of Delaware"
]
} | L2_Q55065540_P108_0 | Arnold Mallis works for Gulf Oil from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1968.
Arnold Mallis works for University of Delaware from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1945.
Arnold Mallis works for Pennsylvania State University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1975. | Arnold MallisArnold Mallis (15 October 1910 – 16 January 1984) was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular "Handbook of Pest Control" first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.Mallis was born in New York. The family moved to California in 1927 and Mallis went to the University of Southern California in 1928 with the idea of training to be a dentist. He however gave up due to the Great Depression and worked in a shipping company for two years. He obtained a BS in 1934 from the University of California, Berkeley followed by an MS in 1939. He then worked in the US Forest Service. During the second world war, he worked on malaria with the US Public Health Service. He was a Hercules Fellow at the University of Delaware around 1944. He worked on screening insecticides in the Gulf Oil Company in Pittsburgh from 1945 to 1958 following which he joined Pennsylvania State University as an extension entomologist. He retired in 1975. Mallis' most well-known contributions was his "Handbook of Pest Control" on which he worked from 1938 to be published first in 1945 followed by several editions. He also wrote a book on the biographies of "American Entomologists" (1971). | [
"Pennsylvania State University",
"Gulf Oil"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in Feb, 2020? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in 2020-02-15? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in 15/02/2020? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in Feb 15, 2020? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in 02/15/2020? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team NK Osijek in 15-Feb-202015-February-2020? | February 15, 2020 | {
"text": [
"Ivica Kulešević"
]
} | L2_Q738876_P286_1 | Stanko Mršić is the head coach of NK Osijek from Mar, 2012 to May, 2013.
Ivica Kulešević is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2019 to Sep, 2020.
Nenad Bjelica is the head coach of NK Osijek from Sep, 2020 to Dec, 2022. | NK OsijekNogometni klub Osijek (), commonly referred to as NK Osijek or simply Osijek (), is a Croatian professional football club from Osijek. Founded in 1947, it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League and, after the independence of Croatia in 1992, it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League, the others being Dinamo Zagreb, Hajduk Split and RijekaThe precursor to NK Osijek was founded on 27 February 1947, after a merger between two physical training associations: Slavonija and Bratstvo. The new entity was named Proleter. The first match that was played under that name dates back to 16 March that same year, when Proleter beat city-rivals Mladost by five goals to nil. The first competition in which the club participated in was the Osječko Okružno Prvenstvo, along with four other teams. The club got into the second national league soon after. Proleter achieved placement into the Yugoslav First League in 1953, having won the so-called Croato-Slovenian League. The best players from that side were Andrija Vekić, Franjo Rupnik, Dionizije Dvornić and Franjo Majer. Proleter played in the First League for three seasons, but were then relegated to the second division.Proleter moved to current Gradski vrt stadium in autumn 1958 and changed its name to Slavonija as part of the unifying process of the boxing, athletics and Olympic lifting club in a newly founded sports association in 1962, while still being in the second league. Five years later the association disbanded and the club took on the name NK Osijek. The then-colours red and blue were switched to current colours blue and white.In 1970, Osijek wins the 2nd North League championship, however, Borac Banja Luka beat them in the promotion play-offs. A year later, "Bijelo-plavi" try for promotion again, winning in a penalty shoot-out against Rijeka, but end up being stopped by Vardar.The next time Osijek reached the promotion play-offs was in 1973. NK Osijek made it to the final round, beating FC Prishtina. Following their victory, NK Osijek was set to meet NK Zagreb at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb. A record-breaking 64,129 tickets were sold with approximately 20,000 of them going to Osijek supporters. NK Zagreb proved victorious on the day, winning via a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after 90 minutes, Osijek denied promotion for a third time in four years.In 1977, NK Osijek finally secured its return to the top flight by taking out the league championship.NK Osijek managed to stay competitive in the Yugoslav League up until the Croatian War of Independence, except for the season of 1979–80, when Osijek fought back into the premier league after failing to stay in it. The club was present in the second part of the First League ladder in the 80s, except for 1984, when the team placed 6th, headed by Davidović, Lulić, Džeko, Lepinjica, Rakela, Karačić and the team captain Kalinić. In 1989, the team placed 8th with Davor Šuker leading the line for the side scoring 18 goals, taking out the league's best goalscorer award. Šuker is the only player in NK Osijek history to take out the award. During the last season of the YFL, NK Osijek finished ninth.After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, the Croatian First Football League was formed and the first season was played in 1992. Due to the war, it was a shortened season played from February to June. NK Osijek was unable to play in Osijek due to the war, so they had to play in the cities of Đakovo, Donji Miholjac and Kutjevo. Osijek finished the 1992 Croatian First League season in 3rd placed, six points behind NK Zagreb and nine behind league champions Hajduk Split. Osijek's top goalscorer was Robert Špehar, who finished the season with nine goals.NK Osijek quickly became one of the top 4 Croatian football teams. One of Osijek's best ever seasons came in the 1994–95. The "Bijelo plavi" finished in third place, only six points behind first-placed Hajduk. Špehar scored 23 goals to become the league's top goalscorer. The greats of NK Osijek during that time were–apart of Špehar–Žitnjak, Lulić, Beljan, Ergović, Rupnik, Beširević, Bičanić and Labak.As a result of the third-placed finish, NK Osijek qualified for the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. Osijek faced Slovan Bratislava in the preliminary round, going down 6–0.Osijek finished third in the 1997–98 Croatian First League, qualifying for the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. Osijek came up against Anderlecht. After a famous 3–1 victory at home in front of 15,000 supporters, Osijek lost 2–0 in Belgium and were knocked-out on away goals. In 1998–99, Osijek attained its first trophy, the Croatian Cup, following a victory over Cibalia 2–0. A year later, West Ham United was playing away in Gradski vrt, headed by Frank Lampard, Rio Ferdinand, Trevor Sinclair, Paolo Di Canio, Paulo Wanchope and Igor Štimac.In the 2000–01 UEFA Cup, NK Osijek beat Brøndby 2–1 (2–1, 0–0) and Rapid Wien 4–1 (2–1, 2–0). In the 3rd round, Osijek beat Slavia Prague 2–0 at home, but lost 5–1 in Prague. Osijek finished third in the league once more. In the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, Osijek progressed past Dinaburg on away goals, beat Gorica in the first round, but then lost 3–5 to AEK Athens. In the 2003–04 HNL, Osijek had the first and second highest goalscorers in the division with Špehar scoring 18 and Goran Ljubojević scoring 16. The club then went through a long phase of mid-table finishes and mediocre results.NK Osijek was almost relegated during the 2013–14 season. On the final match day, Josip Barišić managed to score and keep Osijek afloat against Hrvatski dragovoljac. Osijek changed coaches on four occasions throughout the season. The following season, Osijek once again finished one position above the relegation play-off spot, finishing one point ahead of Istra 1961.In September 2015, Zoran Zekić was appointed as the first team head coach, replacing Dražen Besek.With the club facing bankruptcy, Osijek went into private ownership for the first time in its history in February 2016 with Hungarian oligarch Lőrinc Mészáros and Croatian entrepreneur Ivan Meštrović buying a majority of shares in the club. The duo went about stabilizing the club, improving the squad and bringing back ambition to the city and supporters. Much of the debt was restructured and paid off, securing the short-term and long-term future of Osijek.On 27 February 2017, the club celebrated its 70th anniversary in the Osijek theater. In the 2016–17 season, Osijek finished 4th, which was their highest league finish in nearly 10 years. The 4th place finish led to Osijek participating in the qualifying phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League; with the club staging an extremely successful run to the play-off round, beating Santa Coloma, Luzern and PSV, the former champions of Europe, who won the 1987–88 edition. The club's run was ended following a 1–2 home loss to Austria Wien, and despite the club winning the second leg 1–0, Osijek were eliminated on the away goals rule. Despite being eliminated, Osijek were praised and congratulated by Croatian press, fans and media for their historic run.In the 2017–18 season, Osijek finished 4th again, securing a place in the UEFA competition. Osijek beat Petrocub Hîncești 2–1 at home after drawing the first leg in Moldova 1–1, and faced Rangers in the second qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Osijek lost the home leg 1–0.After a bad start to the 2020–21 season, during which Osijek managed only a single point after the first three games of the season, manager Ivica Kulešević was sacked. On 5 September 2020, Osijek appointed Nenad Bjelica as the new club manager.On 9 September 2020, it was announced that Lőrinc Mészáros was no longer the formal co-owner of the club, with the private investment fund BETA taking over his shares in NK OS d.o.o. The reason being that Mészáros was also the owner of Puskás Akadémia FC, and UEFA rules forbade two clubs owned by the same person from participating in European competitions, should they have both qualified.NK Osijek plays its home games at Gradski vrt, where it played its first game on the 7 September 1958, against Sloboda. It was officially opened in 1980.The current design was made in the year 1979. The upper western tribune is unfinished to this day. The current capacity lies at 18,856 spectator seats, with 980 of them being for standing audiences. Before the club had transferred to Gradski vrt, Osijek played on a pitch next to the river Drava.In April 2018, NK Osijek president Ivan Meštrović released plans for the new Pampas Stadium. A new state of art stadium will be built at the Pampas neighbourhood in Osijek as part of the new NK Osijek training centre. The capacity of the new stadium will be 12,000, with all of the seats covered. The stadium will be UEFA category four and will be finished in June 2021. During the stadium construction, NK Osijek will play their home games at the current Gradski vrt stadium, which is in the future going to be used as the main stadium for the NK Osijek B squad.The fan club of NK Osijek is called Kohorta (cohort, named after the Roman army unit composed of 360 soldiers). It was founded in 1972 under the name Šokci, and carries the name Kohorta since 1988. Kohorta is usually situated on the eastern tribune of Gradski vrt. Its seat is in the street of the University in Tvrđa, Osijek.Osijek is the third most supported football club in Croatia with 5% of population supporting it.The Slavonian derby match is between the two largest Croatian football clubs from eastern Croatia, Osijek and Cibalia. Each new match between these two great rivals, means a great match on the field, but also in the stands.Osijek–Rijeka derby is the name given to matches between Osijek and HNK Rijeka. On Croatian First Football League all time table Rijeka and Osijek are on the third and fourth place. Rijeka and Osijek are with Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split the only four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League. Osijek and Rijeka are third and fourth best supported football clubs in Croatia. Osijek is supported by 5% and Rijeka by 4% of population.In the following table, defunct competitions are listed in "italics".Key The football school of NK Osijek was founded in 1982 as the youth school. It was set in motion by Andrija Vekić, with the wish to recruit and create great players and coaches alike by creating a good and competitive atmosphere. Many players considered to be high-level were in that school.To appear in this section a player must have:Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club."incomplete list" | [
"Stanko Mršić",
"Nenad Bjelica"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in Apr, 2013? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in 2013-04-29? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in 29/04/2013? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in Apr 29, 2013? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in 04/29/2013? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Who was the head of Gauteng in 29-Apr-201329-April-2013? | April 29, 2013 | {
"text": [
"Nomvula Mokonyane"
]
} | L2_Q133083_P6_4 | Paul Mashatile is the head of the government of Gauteng from Oct, 2008 to May, 2009.
David Makhura is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Nomvula Mokonyane is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 2009 to May, 2014.
Mosima Gabriel Sexwale is the head of the government of Gauteng from May, 1994 to Jan, 1998.
Mathole Motshekga is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jan, 1998 to Jun, 1999.
Mbhazima Shilowa is the head of the government of Gauteng from Jun, 1999 to Sep, 2008. | GautengGauteng ( ; ; Northern and Southern Sotho: "Gauteng"; ; Tsonga: "Gauteng/eXilungwini;" Ndebele, ; ; ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. The name in Sotho-Tswana languages means "place of gold".Situated on the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa. Though Gauteng accounts for only 1.5% of the country's land area, it is home to more than a quarter of its population. Highly urbanised, the province contains the country's largest city, Johannesburg, its administrative capital, Pretoria, and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark. , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates.The name "Gauteng" is derived from the Sotho-Tswana name, meaning "gold". There was a thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. In Setswana, the name was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of a province.Gauteng was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. The term "PWV", describing the region existed long before the establishment of the province, with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.Gauteng's history has only been properly documented since the 19th century and as a result, not much information regarding its history predating the 19th century is available. At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. The recorded history of the area that is now Gauteng can be traced back to the early 19th century when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.The city of Pretoria was founded in 1855 as capital of the South African Republic (ZAR - ). After the discovery of gold in 1886, the region became the single largest gold producer in the world and the city of Johannesburg was founded. The older city Pretoria was not subject to the same attention and development. Pretoria grew at a slower rate and was highly regarded due to its role in the Second Boer War. The Cullinan Diamond which is the largest diamond ever mined was mined near Pretoria in a nearby town called Cullinan in the year 1905.Many crucial events happened in present-day Gauteng with regards to the anti-apartheid struggle, such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and 1964 and the Soweto Uprising of 1976. Today, the Apartheid Museum stands testament to these struggles in Johannesburg.Gauteng is governed by the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a 73-person unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.The most recent election of the provincial legislature was held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each. Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna habitat.In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from Randfontein in the West to Nigel in the East, named after the Witwatersrand, a geologically and economically important series of low ridges and their associated plateau that greater Johannesburg developed on. This area is also often referred to simply as "Witwatersrand", "the Rand" or "the Reef" (archaic, after the gold reefs that precipitated the development of the area), and was the "W" in "PWV", the initial name for Gauteng. It has traditionally been divided into the three areas of East Rand (governed by the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at above sea level (Pretoria is at ). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three metropolitan municipalities and two district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities:The former Metsweding district consisting of Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.Gauteng Province is home to 15.7 million (2019 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 25.8% of the total South African population. Gauteng Province is also the fastest growing province, experiencing a population growth of over 33% between the 1996 and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest area.As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km².About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.In the province, 14.4% of residents speak Afrikaans at home, 12.5% speak English, 1.5% speak IsiNdebele, 6.3% speak IsiXhosa, 19.5% speak IsiZulu, 10.7% speak Sepedi, 13.1% speak Sesotho, 11.4% speak Setswana, 1.2% speak SiSwati, 3.2% speak Tshivenda, and 4.1% speak Xitsonga. 2.0% of the population speaks a non-official language at home.76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling, 41.5% have access to a phone nearby, and 2.3% have access that is not nearby or no access. 82.8% of households have a flush or chemical toilet. 84.2% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator, and 45.1% have a mobile phone.25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years. At birth, life expectancy for 2013 is approximated at 57 years and 61 years for males and females respectively. This marks an improvement of a whole year in the life expectancy of South Africans as a whole.Previously described as the , the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region, contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 ), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million. Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million . The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros.The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to Government, Lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.Gauteng is home to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom, MTN, Neotel, Microsoft South Africa and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area, the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP). Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.SANRAL, a parastatal, is responsible for the maintenance, development and management of all national road networks in South Africa. SANRAL is responsible for instituting the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project, which was met with a lot of opposition due to the tolling of Gauteng motorists. Many important national routes run through Gauteng such as the N1, N3, N4, N12, N14 and the N17. Johannesburg is quite dependent on freeways for transport in and around the city. The R21, R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80 connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve.The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa, services the Gauteng area extensively. The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD. In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by the year 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops. Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.The OR Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of. However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy. The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers."Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called "Gauteng Online" in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems. In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes the Sterkfontein caves and the Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest man-made urban forest in the world.There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably Soccer City, Ellis Park Stadium, Odi Stadium, Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg Stadium, the Wanderers Stadium and SuperSport Park.Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level association football (more commonly referred to as soccer) league, the Premier Soccer League (PSL), including Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates. The national squad Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation, Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010. Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.Rugby, or more accurately rugby union, is a popular sport in South Africa, and in Gauteng in particular. Two rugby teams from Gauteng participate in the Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby championship: the Pretoria-based Bulls, and the Johannesburg-based Lions (previously the Cats). Three Gauteng-based teams play in the country's domestic competition, the Currie Cup: the Blue Bulls from Pretoria, the Golden Lions from Johannesburg and the Falcons from the East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995. The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.Cricket is also widely popular among all cultural groups in the country, and is the only sport to feature in the top two among all of South Africa's major ethnic/racial groups. The Highveld Lions represent both Gauteng and North West in the country's three domestic competitions—the first-class SuperSport Series, the List A one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Standard Bank Pro 20 Series.Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities. This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating. Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.The amusement park Gold Reef City is situated in Gauteng, as is the Johannesburg Zoo and the Pretoria Zoo. Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.The Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng. The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit. The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993. | [
"Paul Mashatile",
"David Makhura",
"Mosima Gabriel Sexwale",
"Mathole Motshekga",
"Mbhazima Shilowa"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in Apr, 1992? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in 1992-04-22? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in 22/04/1992? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in Apr 22, 1992? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in 04/22/1992? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Santi Vila i Vicente belong to in 22-Apr-199222-April-1992? | April 22, 1992 | {
"text": [
"Republican Left of Catalonia"
]
} | L2_Q15731273_P102_0 | Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party from Jan, 2016 to Jun, 2018.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Republican Left of Catalonia from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1995.
Santi Vila i Vicente is a member of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2016. | Santi VilaSantiago "Santi" Vila i Vicente (born 15 March 1973) is a Catalan historian and politician from Granollers, Spain. He was a member of the Catalan European Democratic Party, and was a councillor at Figueres from 1999 before becoming mayor from 2007 to 2012.On 2 November 2017 members of the Generalitat de Catalunya were arrested for sedition, unlike the others Vila was offered bail of €50,000 as he had resigned before the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence. He was pre-trial jailed just a night. The trial began on 12 February 2019 and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, Vila was sentenced to a year and 8 months of disqualification and a fine of €60.000 for disobedience. | [
"Democratic Convergence of Catalonia",
"Catalan European Democratic Party"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in Mar, 2010? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in 2010-03-21? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in 21/03/2010? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in Mar 21, 2010? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in 03/21/2010? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Who was the head of Émerchicourt in 21-Mar-201021-March-2010? | March 21, 2010 | {
"text": [
"Michel Loubert"
]
} | L2_Q737269_P6_12 | Jean Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1965 to Mar, 2001.
Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1816 to Jan, 1824.
Alfred Locquet is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 1940 to Jan, 1944.
Michel Loubert is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Jul, 2020.
Auguste-César Defontaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1824 to Jan, 1852.
Narcisse Midavaine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1953 to Jan, 1965.
Daniel Dufour is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Mar, 2001 to Mar, 2008.
Régis Roussel is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jul, 2020 to Dec, 2022.
Cyprien Oblin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1912.
Rémi Lemoine is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914.
Joseph Hayez is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1862.
Gustave Dessin is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1919.
Philippe Eugène Dupire is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1801 to Jan, 1816.
Émile Thuillot is the head of the government of Émerchicourt from Jan, 1919 to Jan, 1935. | ÉmerchicourtÉmerchicourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. | [
"Auguste-César Defontaine",
"Alfred Locquet",
"Régis Roussel",
"Joseph Hayez",
"Cyprien Oblin",
"Émile Thuillot",
"Philippe Eugène Dupire",
"Rémi Lemoine",
"Daniel Dufour",
"Gustave Dessin",
"Jean Midavaine",
"Cosmes-Joseph Defontaine",
"Narcisse Midavaine"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in Feb, 1990? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
"Prime Minister of France",
"member of the French National Assembly",
"Minister of National Education",
"municipal executive",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Labour",
"member of the Senate of France",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research",
"president"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in 1990-02-01? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
"Prime Minister of France",
"member of the French National Assembly",
"Minister of National Education",
"municipal executive",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Labour",
"member of the Senate of France",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research",
"president"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in 01/02/1990? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
"Prime Minister of France",
"member of the French National Assembly",
"Minister of National Education",
"municipal executive",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Labour",
"member of the Senate of France",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research",
"president"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in Feb 01, 1990? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
"Prime Minister of France",
"member of the French National Assembly",
"Minister of National Education",
"municipal executive",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Labour",
"member of the Senate of France",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research",
"president"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in 02/01/1990? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
"Prime Minister of France",
"member of the French National Assembly",
"Minister of National Education",
"municipal executive",
"Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Labour",
"member of the Senate of France",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research",
"president"
] |
|
Which position did François Fillon hold in 01-Feb-199001-February-1990? | February 01, 1990 | {
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the general council",
"Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe",
"vice president"
]
} | L2_Q101410_P39_3 | François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992.
François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005.
François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007.
François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.
François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991.
François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998.
François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012.
François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. | François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013. | [
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|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in Jan, 2010? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
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] |
|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in 2010-01-29? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
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"England women's national football team",
"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C.",
"England women's national under-17 football team",
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"England women's national under-17 football team",
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"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
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] |
|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in 29/01/2010? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
"England women's national under-17 football team",
"England women's national football team",
"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C.",
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"England women's national under-23 football team",
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"England women's national under-17 football team",
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"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in Jan 29, 2010? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
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"Arsenal W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C.",
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"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
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] |
|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in 01/29/2010? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
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"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
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|
Which team did Jemma Rose play for in 29-Jan-201029-January-2010? | January 29, 2010 | {
"text": [
"England women's national under-19 football team",
"Bristol City W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C."
]
} | L2_Q6177214_P54_3 | Jemma Rose plays for England women's national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for Plymouth Argyle L.F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jemma Rose plays for Bristol City W.F.C. from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-23 football team from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011.
Jemma Rose plays for Arsenal W.F.C. from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.
Jemma Rose plays for England women's national under-17 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Jemma Rose plays for Birmingham City L.F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. | Jemma RoseJemma Helen Rose (born 19 January 1992) is an English footballer who played for FA WSL club Arsenal as a central defender. She has represented England, making her debut at senior level in November 2015. Rose was named the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in 2011.Rose progressed through the Centre of Excellence at Plymouth Argyle. On turning 16 in January 2008 she was able to play for the senior Plymouth Argyle Ladies team in the South West Combination Women's Football League.At the end of that season Rose left to take up a two-year scholarship at the FA Player Development Centre at Loughborough University. During the first year of the course she was attached to Bristol Academy, then played with Birmingham City Ladies in 2009–10.After finishing her course at Loughborough, Rose decided to leave Birmingham City and enrol on a sports science and coaching degree at UCP Marjon. She rejoined Bristol Academy and commuted from home in Plymouth to play and train with the FA WSL club.In the 2011 FA WSL season, Rose's performances won the Young Player of the Year at the FA Women's Awards. She also collected the Goal of the Season award for a long range free kick scored in Bristol's 2–1 win at Doncaster Rovers Belles.Rose played for Bristol in the 2011–12 UEFA Women's Champions League. In the first leg of the tie against Energy Voronezh, played at Ashton Gate, she was sent off for handballing on the goal line. Pamela Conti scored the resultant penalty kick to equalise Jessica Fishlock's opening goal.On 12 December 2014, Rose signed for Arsenal. In 2016 Rose was party to a pub brawl at Pride in London, sparked by a rival footballer flirting with her then girlfriend.Rose captained England at Under–17 level. In November 2008 she was part of the England squad which achieved fourth place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. Rose appeared in one game, as a late substitute for Lucy Bronze in the third place play-off against Germany.After progressing through Under–19 level, Rose was called up to an Under–23 training camp in November 2011.In January 2012 Rose was named in the provisional 150 player long list for the Team GB squad at the 2012 Olympics. Due to good form, Rose was considered by club manager Mark Sampson and teammate Jess Fishlock to be in contention for a place in the final squad.In July 2013 Rose helped Great Britain to a gold medal in the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia. Rose had been consistently overlooked by England and Great Britain Olympic coach Hope Powell, but when Sampson replaced Powell he named Rose in his first senior squad.Rose won her first senior cap in November 2015, as a late substitute in England's 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at Ashton Gate, Bristol in torrential rain. | [
"England women's national under-17 football team",
"England women's national football team",
"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C.",
"England women's national under-17 football team",
"England women's national football team",
"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C.",
"Birmingham City L.F.C.",
"England women's national under-17 football team",
"England women's national football team",
"England women's national under-23 football team",
"Plymouth Argyle L.F.C.",
"Arsenal W.F.C."
] |
|
Who was the chair of Federation of Expellees in Jan, 1966? | January 25, 1966 | {
"text": [
"Wenzel Jaksch"
]
} | L2_Q819657_P488_2 | Herbert Czaja is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1970 to Apr, 1994.
Bernd Fabritius is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Nov, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Fritz Wittmann is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Apr, 1994 to May, 1998.
Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958.
Reinhold Rehs is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1967 to Mar, 1970.
Erika Steinbach is the chair of Federation of Expellees from May, 1998 to Nov, 2014.
Wenzel Jaksch is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1964 to Nov, 1966.
Linus Kather is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958. | Federation of ExpelleesThe Federation of Expellees (; BdV) is a non-profit organization formed in West Germany on 27 October 1957 to represent the interests of German nationals of all ethnicities and foreign ethnic Germans and their families (usually naturalised as German nationals after 1949) who either fled their homes in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, or were forcibly expelled following World War II.Since 2014 the president of the Federation has been Bernd Fabritius, a Christian Social Union in Bavaria politician.It is estimated that in the aftermath of World War II between 13 and 16 million ethnic Germans fled or were expelled from parts of Central and Eastern Europe, including the former eastern territories of Germany (parts of present-day Poland), the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia (mostly from the Vojvodina region), the Kaliningrad Oblast of (now) Russia, hitherto USSR (in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War) and prior to this, the northern part of East Prussia, Lithuania, Romania and other East European countries.The Charter of the German Expellees () of 5 August 1950, announced their belief in requiring that "the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the "unending suffering" ("unendliche Leid") of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe. The charter has been criticised for avoiding mentioning Nazi atrocities of Second World War and Germans who were forced to emigrate due to Nazi repressions. Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like the Holocaust. Professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals. Ralph Giordano wrote in "Hamburger Abendblatt" "the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Not to mention any sign of apologies for the suffering of the murdered people", "avoids mentioning the reasons for expulsions" and called the document "example of German art of crowding out the truth (...) The fact that the charter completely ignores the reasons for the expulsions deprives it of any value".Between 1953, when the Federal Expellee Law was passed, and 1991, the West German government passed several laws dealing with German expellees. The most notable of these is the "Law of Return" which granted German citizenship to any ethnic German. Several additions were later made to these laws.The German Law of Return declared refugee status to be inheritable. According to the Federal Expellee Law, "the spouse and the descendants" of an expellee are to be treated as if they were expellees themselves, regardless of whether they had been personally displaced. The Federation of Expellees has steadily lobbied to preserve the inheritability clause.The Federation of Expellees was formed on 27 October 1957 in West Germany. Before its founding, the "Bund der Heimatvertriebenen" (League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights), formed in 1950, represented the interests of displaced German expellees. Intriguingly, in its first few years, the league was more successful in West Germany than in East Germany.Previous West German governments, especially those led by the Christian Democratic Union, had shown more rhetorical support for the territorial claims made on behalf of German refugees and expellees. Although the Social Democrats showed strong support for the expellees, especially under Kurt Schumacher and Erich Ollenhauer, Social Democrats in more recent decades have generally been less supportive – and it was under Willy Brandt that West Germany recognized the Oder-Neisse line as the eastern German border with Poland under his policy of Ostpolitik. In reality, accepting the internationally recognized boundary made it more possible for eastern Germans to visit their lost homelands.In 1989–1990 the West German government realized they had an opportunity to reunify the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet created German Democratic Republic. But they believed that if this were to be achieved, it had to be done quickly. One of the potential complications was the claim to the historical eastern territories of Germany; unless this was renounced, some foreign governments might not agree to German reunification. The West German government under the CDU accepted the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Agreement), which officially re-established the sovereignty of both German states. A condition of this agreement was that Germany accept the post-World War II frontiers. Upon reunification in 1990, the constitution was amended to state that Germany's territory had reached its full extent. Article 146 was amended so that Article 23 of the current constitution could be used for reunification. Once the five "reestablished federal states" in the east had been united with the west, the Basic Law was amended again to show that "there were no other parts of Germany, which existed outside of the unified territory", that had not acceded.In 2000 the Federation of Expellees also initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions (). Chairwoman of this Center is Erika Steinbach, who headed it together with former SPD politician Prof. Dr. Peter Glotz (died 2005).Recently Erika Steinbach, the chair of the Federation of Expellees, has rejected any compensation claims. The vice president of the Federation Rudi Pawelka is however a chairman of the supervisory board of the Prussian Trust.A European organisation for expellees has been formed: EUFV. Headquarters is Trieste, Italy. The expellees are organized in 21 regional associations "(Landsmannschaften)", according to the areas of origin of its members, 16 state organizations "(Landesverbände)" according to their current residence, and 5 associate member organizations. It is the single representative federation for the approximately 15 million Germans who after fleeing, being expelled, evacuated or emigrating, found refuge in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federation claims to have 1.3 million members (including non-displaced persons), and to be a political force of some influence in Germany. This figure was disputed in January 2010 by the German news service DDP, which reported an actual membership of 550,000. According to Erika Steinbach only 100,000 of the members contribute financially.The federation helps its members to integrate into German society. Many of the members assist the societies of their place of birth.From 1959 to 1964, the first president of the Federation was Hans Krüger, a former Nazi judge and activist. After the war Krüger was a West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was a member of parliament from 1957 to 1965, served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims for 4 months in 1963–64 in the First Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard. He stepped down from cabinet and other positions in 1964 amid controversy about his war-time background. Krüger was succeeded as president by Wenzel Jaksch in 1964 who held the position until his untimely death in 1966.When in government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people. The issue of the eastern border and the return of the "Heimatvertriebene" to their ancestral homes are matters which the current German government, German constitutional arrangements and German treaty obligations have virtually closed.The refugees' claims were unanimously rejected by the affected countries and became a source of mistrust between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. These governments argue that the expulsion of Germans and related border changes were not enacted by the Polish or Czech governments, but rather were ordered by the Potsdam Conference. Furthermore, the nationalization of private property by Poland's former communist government did not apply only to Germans but was enforced on all people, regardless of ethnic background. A further complication is that many of the current Polish population in historical eastern Germany are themselves expellees (or descendants of expellees) who were driven from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union and were forced to leave their homes and property behind as well.Some Germans had settled in Poland after 1939, and treating these ex-colonists as expellees, Erika Steinbach included, under German law of these ex-colonists as expellees, adds to the controversy. However, the vast majority of expelled Germans were descended from families who had lived in Eastern Europe for many centuries, while the majority of German colonists in Nazi-occupied Poland were Baltic and other East European Germans themselves displaced by the Nazi-Soviet population transfers.The Federation has been accused by the GDR and Poland to have Nazi roots. A recent study confirmed that 13 members of the first council of the Federation had a Nazi past.The Polish daily newspaper "Rzeczpospolita" reported that during BdV meetings in 2003, publications using hate-language to describe Poles butchering Germans were available for sale, as were recordings of Waffen SS marches on compact discs, including those glorifying the Invasion of Poland. Also, far right groups openly distributed their materials at BdV meetings. While the BdV officially denied responsibility for this, no steps were taken to address the concerns raised.In February 2009, the Polish newspaper "Polska" wrote that over one third of the Federation top officials were former Nazi activists, and based this on an article published by the German magazine "Der Spiegel" in 2006. The German paper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung wrote that "Der Spiegel" said this not in respect to the Federation of Expellees, but in respect to a predecessor organization that was dissolved in 1957. | [
"Linus Kather",
"Erika Steinbach",
"Reinhold Rehs",
"Fritz Wittmann",
"Herbert Czaja",
"Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege",
"Bernd Fabritius"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Federation of Expellees in 1966-01-25? | January 25, 1966 | {
"text": [
"Wenzel Jaksch"
]
} | L2_Q819657_P488_2 | Herbert Czaja is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1970 to Apr, 1994.
Bernd Fabritius is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Nov, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Fritz Wittmann is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Apr, 1994 to May, 1998.
Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958.
Reinhold Rehs is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1967 to Mar, 1970.
Erika Steinbach is the chair of Federation of Expellees from May, 1998 to Nov, 2014.
Wenzel Jaksch is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1964 to Nov, 1966.
Linus Kather is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958. | Federation of ExpelleesThe Federation of Expellees (; BdV) is a non-profit organization formed in West Germany on 27 October 1957 to represent the interests of German nationals of all ethnicities and foreign ethnic Germans and their families (usually naturalised as German nationals after 1949) who either fled their homes in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, or were forcibly expelled following World War II.Since 2014 the president of the Federation has been Bernd Fabritius, a Christian Social Union in Bavaria politician.It is estimated that in the aftermath of World War II between 13 and 16 million ethnic Germans fled or were expelled from parts of Central and Eastern Europe, including the former eastern territories of Germany (parts of present-day Poland), the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia (mostly from the Vojvodina region), the Kaliningrad Oblast of (now) Russia, hitherto USSR (in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War) and prior to this, the northern part of East Prussia, Lithuania, Romania and other East European countries.The Charter of the German Expellees () of 5 August 1950, announced their belief in requiring that "the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the "unending suffering" ("unendliche Leid") of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe. The charter has been criticised for avoiding mentioning Nazi atrocities of Second World War and Germans who were forced to emigrate due to Nazi repressions. Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like the Holocaust. Professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals. Ralph Giordano wrote in "Hamburger Abendblatt" "the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Not to mention any sign of apologies for the suffering of the murdered people", "avoids mentioning the reasons for expulsions" and called the document "example of German art of crowding out the truth (...) The fact that the charter completely ignores the reasons for the expulsions deprives it of any value".Between 1953, when the Federal Expellee Law was passed, and 1991, the West German government passed several laws dealing with German expellees. The most notable of these is the "Law of Return" which granted German citizenship to any ethnic German. Several additions were later made to these laws.The German Law of Return declared refugee status to be inheritable. According to the Federal Expellee Law, "the spouse and the descendants" of an expellee are to be treated as if they were expellees themselves, regardless of whether they had been personally displaced. The Federation of Expellees has steadily lobbied to preserve the inheritability clause.The Federation of Expellees was formed on 27 October 1957 in West Germany. Before its founding, the "Bund der Heimatvertriebenen" (League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights), formed in 1950, represented the interests of displaced German expellees. Intriguingly, in its first few years, the league was more successful in West Germany than in East Germany.Previous West German governments, especially those led by the Christian Democratic Union, had shown more rhetorical support for the territorial claims made on behalf of German refugees and expellees. Although the Social Democrats showed strong support for the expellees, especially under Kurt Schumacher and Erich Ollenhauer, Social Democrats in more recent decades have generally been less supportive – and it was under Willy Brandt that West Germany recognized the Oder-Neisse line as the eastern German border with Poland under his policy of Ostpolitik. In reality, accepting the internationally recognized boundary made it more possible for eastern Germans to visit their lost homelands.In 1989–1990 the West German government realized they had an opportunity to reunify the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet created German Democratic Republic. But they believed that if this were to be achieved, it had to be done quickly. One of the potential complications was the claim to the historical eastern territories of Germany; unless this was renounced, some foreign governments might not agree to German reunification. The West German government under the CDU accepted the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Agreement), which officially re-established the sovereignty of both German states. A condition of this agreement was that Germany accept the post-World War II frontiers. Upon reunification in 1990, the constitution was amended to state that Germany's territory had reached its full extent. Article 146 was amended so that Article 23 of the current constitution could be used for reunification. Once the five "reestablished federal states" in the east had been united with the west, the Basic Law was amended again to show that "there were no other parts of Germany, which existed outside of the unified territory", that had not acceded.In 2000 the Federation of Expellees also initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions (). Chairwoman of this Center is Erika Steinbach, who headed it together with former SPD politician Prof. Dr. Peter Glotz (died 2005).Recently Erika Steinbach, the chair of the Federation of Expellees, has rejected any compensation claims. The vice president of the Federation Rudi Pawelka is however a chairman of the supervisory board of the Prussian Trust.A European organisation for expellees has been formed: EUFV. Headquarters is Trieste, Italy. The expellees are organized in 21 regional associations "(Landsmannschaften)", according to the areas of origin of its members, 16 state organizations "(Landesverbände)" according to their current residence, and 5 associate member organizations. It is the single representative federation for the approximately 15 million Germans who after fleeing, being expelled, evacuated or emigrating, found refuge in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federation claims to have 1.3 million members (including non-displaced persons), and to be a political force of some influence in Germany. This figure was disputed in January 2010 by the German news service DDP, which reported an actual membership of 550,000. According to Erika Steinbach only 100,000 of the members contribute financially.The federation helps its members to integrate into German society. Many of the members assist the societies of their place of birth.From 1959 to 1964, the first president of the Federation was Hans Krüger, a former Nazi judge and activist. After the war Krüger was a West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was a member of parliament from 1957 to 1965, served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims for 4 months in 1963–64 in the First Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard. He stepped down from cabinet and other positions in 1964 amid controversy about his war-time background. Krüger was succeeded as president by Wenzel Jaksch in 1964 who held the position until his untimely death in 1966.When in government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people. The issue of the eastern border and the return of the "Heimatvertriebene" to their ancestral homes are matters which the current German government, German constitutional arrangements and German treaty obligations have virtually closed.The refugees' claims were unanimously rejected by the affected countries and became a source of mistrust between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. These governments argue that the expulsion of Germans and related border changes were not enacted by the Polish or Czech governments, but rather were ordered by the Potsdam Conference. Furthermore, the nationalization of private property by Poland's former communist government did not apply only to Germans but was enforced on all people, regardless of ethnic background. A further complication is that many of the current Polish population in historical eastern Germany are themselves expellees (or descendants of expellees) who were driven from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union and were forced to leave their homes and property behind as well.Some Germans had settled in Poland after 1939, and treating these ex-colonists as expellees, Erika Steinbach included, under German law of these ex-colonists as expellees, adds to the controversy. However, the vast majority of expelled Germans were descended from families who had lived in Eastern Europe for many centuries, while the majority of German colonists in Nazi-occupied Poland were Baltic and other East European Germans themselves displaced by the Nazi-Soviet population transfers.The Federation has been accused by the GDR and Poland to have Nazi roots. A recent study confirmed that 13 members of the first council of the Federation had a Nazi past.The Polish daily newspaper "Rzeczpospolita" reported that during BdV meetings in 2003, publications using hate-language to describe Poles butchering Germans were available for sale, as were recordings of Waffen SS marches on compact discs, including those glorifying the Invasion of Poland. Also, far right groups openly distributed their materials at BdV meetings. While the BdV officially denied responsibility for this, no steps were taken to address the concerns raised.In February 2009, the Polish newspaper "Polska" wrote that over one third of the Federation top officials were former Nazi activists, and based this on an article published by the German magazine "Der Spiegel" in 2006. The German paper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung wrote that "Der Spiegel" said this not in respect to the Federation of Expellees, but in respect to a predecessor organization that was dissolved in 1957. | [
"Linus Kather",
"Erika Steinbach",
"Reinhold Rehs",
"Fritz Wittmann",
"Herbert Czaja",
"Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege",
"Bernd Fabritius"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Federation of Expellees in 25/01/1966? | January 25, 1966 | {
"text": [
"Wenzel Jaksch"
]
} | L2_Q819657_P488_2 | Herbert Czaja is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1970 to Apr, 1994.
Bernd Fabritius is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Nov, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Fritz Wittmann is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Apr, 1994 to May, 1998.
Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958.
Reinhold Rehs is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1967 to Mar, 1970.
Erika Steinbach is the chair of Federation of Expellees from May, 1998 to Nov, 2014.
Wenzel Jaksch is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1964 to Nov, 1966.
Linus Kather is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958. | Federation of ExpelleesThe Federation of Expellees (; BdV) is a non-profit organization formed in West Germany on 27 October 1957 to represent the interests of German nationals of all ethnicities and foreign ethnic Germans and their families (usually naturalised as German nationals after 1949) who either fled their homes in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, or were forcibly expelled following World War II.Since 2014 the president of the Federation has been Bernd Fabritius, a Christian Social Union in Bavaria politician.It is estimated that in the aftermath of World War II between 13 and 16 million ethnic Germans fled or were expelled from parts of Central and Eastern Europe, including the former eastern territories of Germany (parts of present-day Poland), the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia (mostly from the Vojvodina region), the Kaliningrad Oblast of (now) Russia, hitherto USSR (in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War) and prior to this, the northern part of East Prussia, Lithuania, Romania and other East European countries.The Charter of the German Expellees () of 5 August 1950, announced their belief in requiring that "the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the "unending suffering" ("unendliche Leid") of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe. The charter has been criticised for avoiding mentioning Nazi atrocities of Second World War and Germans who were forced to emigrate due to Nazi repressions. Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like the Holocaust. Professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals. Ralph Giordano wrote in "Hamburger Abendblatt" "the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Not to mention any sign of apologies for the suffering of the murdered people", "avoids mentioning the reasons for expulsions" and called the document "example of German art of crowding out the truth (...) The fact that the charter completely ignores the reasons for the expulsions deprives it of any value".Between 1953, when the Federal Expellee Law was passed, and 1991, the West German government passed several laws dealing with German expellees. The most notable of these is the "Law of Return" which granted German citizenship to any ethnic German. Several additions were later made to these laws.The German Law of Return declared refugee status to be inheritable. According to the Federal Expellee Law, "the spouse and the descendants" of an expellee are to be treated as if they were expellees themselves, regardless of whether they had been personally displaced. The Federation of Expellees has steadily lobbied to preserve the inheritability clause.The Federation of Expellees was formed on 27 October 1957 in West Germany. Before its founding, the "Bund der Heimatvertriebenen" (League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights), formed in 1950, represented the interests of displaced German expellees. Intriguingly, in its first few years, the league was more successful in West Germany than in East Germany.Previous West German governments, especially those led by the Christian Democratic Union, had shown more rhetorical support for the territorial claims made on behalf of German refugees and expellees. Although the Social Democrats showed strong support for the expellees, especially under Kurt Schumacher and Erich Ollenhauer, Social Democrats in more recent decades have generally been less supportive – and it was under Willy Brandt that West Germany recognized the Oder-Neisse line as the eastern German border with Poland under his policy of Ostpolitik. In reality, accepting the internationally recognized boundary made it more possible for eastern Germans to visit their lost homelands.In 1989–1990 the West German government realized they had an opportunity to reunify the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet created German Democratic Republic. But they believed that if this were to be achieved, it had to be done quickly. One of the potential complications was the claim to the historical eastern territories of Germany; unless this was renounced, some foreign governments might not agree to German reunification. The West German government under the CDU accepted the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Agreement), which officially re-established the sovereignty of both German states. A condition of this agreement was that Germany accept the post-World War II frontiers. Upon reunification in 1990, the constitution was amended to state that Germany's territory had reached its full extent. Article 146 was amended so that Article 23 of the current constitution could be used for reunification. Once the five "reestablished federal states" in the east had been united with the west, the Basic Law was amended again to show that "there were no other parts of Germany, which existed outside of the unified territory", that had not acceded.In 2000 the Federation of Expellees also initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions (). Chairwoman of this Center is Erika Steinbach, who headed it together with former SPD politician Prof. Dr. Peter Glotz (died 2005).Recently Erika Steinbach, the chair of the Federation of Expellees, has rejected any compensation claims. The vice president of the Federation Rudi Pawelka is however a chairman of the supervisory board of the Prussian Trust.A European organisation for expellees has been formed: EUFV. Headquarters is Trieste, Italy. The expellees are organized in 21 regional associations "(Landsmannschaften)", according to the areas of origin of its members, 16 state organizations "(Landesverbände)" according to their current residence, and 5 associate member organizations. It is the single representative federation for the approximately 15 million Germans who after fleeing, being expelled, evacuated or emigrating, found refuge in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federation claims to have 1.3 million members (including non-displaced persons), and to be a political force of some influence in Germany. This figure was disputed in January 2010 by the German news service DDP, which reported an actual membership of 550,000. According to Erika Steinbach only 100,000 of the members contribute financially.The federation helps its members to integrate into German society. Many of the members assist the societies of their place of birth.From 1959 to 1964, the first president of the Federation was Hans Krüger, a former Nazi judge and activist. After the war Krüger was a West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was a member of parliament from 1957 to 1965, served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims for 4 months in 1963–64 in the First Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard. He stepped down from cabinet and other positions in 1964 amid controversy about his war-time background. Krüger was succeeded as president by Wenzel Jaksch in 1964 who held the position until his untimely death in 1966.When in government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people. The issue of the eastern border and the return of the "Heimatvertriebene" to their ancestral homes are matters which the current German government, German constitutional arrangements and German treaty obligations have virtually closed.The refugees' claims were unanimously rejected by the affected countries and became a source of mistrust between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. These governments argue that the expulsion of Germans and related border changes were not enacted by the Polish or Czech governments, but rather were ordered by the Potsdam Conference. Furthermore, the nationalization of private property by Poland's former communist government did not apply only to Germans but was enforced on all people, regardless of ethnic background. A further complication is that many of the current Polish population in historical eastern Germany are themselves expellees (or descendants of expellees) who were driven from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union and were forced to leave their homes and property behind as well.Some Germans had settled in Poland after 1939, and treating these ex-colonists as expellees, Erika Steinbach included, under German law of these ex-colonists as expellees, adds to the controversy. However, the vast majority of expelled Germans were descended from families who had lived in Eastern Europe for many centuries, while the majority of German colonists in Nazi-occupied Poland were Baltic and other East European Germans themselves displaced by the Nazi-Soviet population transfers.The Federation has been accused by the GDR and Poland to have Nazi roots. A recent study confirmed that 13 members of the first council of the Federation had a Nazi past.The Polish daily newspaper "Rzeczpospolita" reported that during BdV meetings in 2003, publications using hate-language to describe Poles butchering Germans were available for sale, as were recordings of Waffen SS marches on compact discs, including those glorifying the Invasion of Poland. Also, far right groups openly distributed their materials at BdV meetings. While the BdV officially denied responsibility for this, no steps were taken to address the concerns raised.In February 2009, the Polish newspaper "Polska" wrote that over one third of the Federation top officials were former Nazi activists, and based this on an article published by the German magazine "Der Spiegel" in 2006. The German paper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung wrote that "Der Spiegel" said this not in respect to the Federation of Expellees, but in respect to a predecessor organization that was dissolved in 1957. | [
"Linus Kather",
"Erika Steinbach",
"Reinhold Rehs",
"Fritz Wittmann",
"Herbert Czaja",
"Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege",
"Bernd Fabritius"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Federation of Expellees in Jan 25, 1966? | January 25, 1966 | {
"text": [
"Wenzel Jaksch"
]
} | L2_Q819657_P488_2 | Herbert Czaja is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1970 to Apr, 1994.
Bernd Fabritius is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Nov, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Fritz Wittmann is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Apr, 1994 to May, 1998.
Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958.
Reinhold Rehs is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1967 to Mar, 1970.
Erika Steinbach is the chair of Federation of Expellees from May, 1998 to Nov, 2014.
Wenzel Jaksch is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Mar, 1964 to Nov, 1966.
Linus Kather is the chair of Federation of Expellees from Oct, 1957 to Dec, 1958. | Federation of ExpelleesThe Federation of Expellees (; BdV) is a non-profit organization formed in West Germany on 27 October 1957 to represent the interests of German nationals of all ethnicities and foreign ethnic Germans and their families (usually naturalised as German nationals after 1949) who either fled their homes in parts of Central and Eastern Europe, or were forcibly expelled following World War II.Since 2014 the president of the Federation has been Bernd Fabritius, a Christian Social Union in Bavaria politician.It is estimated that in the aftermath of World War II between 13 and 16 million ethnic Germans fled or were expelled from parts of Central and Eastern Europe, including the former eastern territories of Germany (parts of present-day Poland), the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia (mostly from the Vojvodina region), the Kaliningrad Oblast of (now) Russia, hitherto USSR (in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War) and prior to this, the northern part of East Prussia, Lithuania, Romania and other East European countries.The Charter of the German Expellees () of 5 August 1950, announced their belief in requiring that "the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the "unending suffering" ("unendliche Leid") of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe. The charter has been criticised for avoiding mentioning Nazi atrocities of Second World War and Germans who were forced to emigrate due to Nazi repressions. Critics argue that the Charter presents the history of German people as starting from the expulsions, while ignoring events like the Holocaust. Professor Micha Brumlik pointed out that one third of signatories were former devoted Nazis and many actively helped in realisation of Hitler's goals. Ralph Giordano wrote in "Hamburger Abendblatt" "the Charter doesn't contain a word about Hitler, Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Not to mention any sign of apologies for the suffering of the murdered people", "avoids mentioning the reasons for expulsions" and called the document "example of German art of crowding out the truth (...) The fact that the charter completely ignores the reasons for the expulsions deprives it of any value".Between 1953, when the Federal Expellee Law was passed, and 1991, the West German government passed several laws dealing with German expellees. The most notable of these is the "Law of Return" which granted German citizenship to any ethnic German. Several additions were later made to these laws.The German Law of Return declared refugee status to be inheritable. According to the Federal Expellee Law, "the spouse and the descendants" of an expellee are to be treated as if they were expellees themselves, regardless of whether they had been personally displaced. The Federation of Expellees has steadily lobbied to preserve the inheritability clause.The Federation of Expellees was formed on 27 October 1957 in West Germany. Before its founding, the "Bund der Heimatvertriebenen" (League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights), formed in 1950, represented the interests of displaced German expellees. Intriguingly, in its first few years, the league was more successful in West Germany than in East Germany.Previous West German governments, especially those led by the Christian Democratic Union, had shown more rhetorical support for the territorial claims made on behalf of German refugees and expellees. Although the Social Democrats showed strong support for the expellees, especially under Kurt Schumacher and Erich Ollenhauer, Social Democrats in more recent decades have generally been less supportive – and it was under Willy Brandt that West Germany recognized the Oder-Neisse line as the eastern German border with Poland under his policy of Ostpolitik. In reality, accepting the internationally recognized boundary made it more possible for eastern Germans to visit their lost homelands.In 1989–1990 the West German government realized they had an opportunity to reunify the Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet created German Democratic Republic. But they believed that if this were to be achieved, it had to be done quickly. One of the potential complications was the claim to the historical eastern territories of Germany; unless this was renounced, some foreign governments might not agree to German reunification. The West German government under the CDU accepted the 1990 Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany (Two Plus Four Agreement), which officially re-established the sovereignty of both German states. A condition of this agreement was that Germany accept the post-World War II frontiers. Upon reunification in 1990, the constitution was amended to state that Germany's territory had reached its full extent. Article 146 was amended so that Article 23 of the current constitution could be used for reunification. Once the five "reestablished federal states" in the east had been united with the west, the Basic Law was amended again to show that "there were no other parts of Germany, which existed outside of the unified territory", that had not acceded.In 2000 the Federation of Expellees also initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions (). Chairwoman of this Center is Erika Steinbach, who headed it together with former SPD politician Prof. Dr. Peter Glotz (died 2005).Recently Erika Steinbach, the chair of the Federation of Expellees, has rejected any compensation claims. The vice president of the Federation Rudi Pawelka is however a chairman of the supervisory board of the Prussian Trust.A European organisation for expellees has been formed: EUFV. Headquarters is Trieste, Italy. The expellees are organized in 21 regional associations "(Landsmannschaften)", according to the areas of origin of its members, 16 state organizations "(Landesverbände)" according to their current residence, and 5 associate member organizations. It is the single representative federation for the approximately 15 million Germans who after fleeing, being expelled, evacuated or emigrating, found refuge in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federation claims to have 1.3 million members (including non-displaced persons), and to be a political force of some influence in Germany. This figure was disputed in January 2010 by the German news service DDP, which reported an actual membership of 550,000. According to Erika Steinbach only 100,000 of the members contribute financially.The federation helps its members to integrate into German society. Many of the members assist the societies of their place of birth.From 1959 to 1964, the first president of the Federation was Hans Krüger, a former Nazi judge and activist. After the war Krüger was a West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was a member of parliament from 1957 to 1965, served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims for 4 months in 1963–64 in the First Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard. He stepped down from cabinet and other positions in 1964 amid controversy about his war-time background. Krüger was succeeded as president by Wenzel Jaksch in 1964 who held the position until his untimely death in 1966.When in government, both CDU and SPD have tended to favor improved relations with Central and Eastern Europe, even when this conflicts with the interests of the displaced people. The issue of the eastern border and the return of the "Heimatvertriebene" to their ancestral homes are matters which the current German government, German constitutional arrangements and German treaty obligations have virtually closed.The refugees' claims were unanimously rejected by the affected countries and became a source of mistrust between Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. These governments argue that the expulsion of Germans and related border changes were not enacted by the Polish or Czech governments, but rather were ordered by the Potsdam Conference. Furthermore, the nationalization of private property by Poland's former communist government did not apply only to Germans but was enforced on all people, regardless of ethnic background. A further complication is that many of the current Polish population in historical eastern Germany are themselves expellees (or descendants of expellees) who were driven from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union and were forced to leave their homes and property behind as well.Some Germans had settled in Poland after 1939, and treating these ex-colonists as expellees, Erika Steinbach included, under German law of these ex-colonists as expellees, adds to the controversy. However, the vast majority of expelled Germans were descended from families who had lived in Eastern Europe for many centuries, while the majority of German colonists in Nazi-occupied Poland were Baltic and other East European Germans themselves displaced by the Nazi-Soviet population transfers.The Federation has been accused by the GDR and Poland to have Nazi roots. A recent study confirmed that 13 members of the first council of the Federation had a Nazi past.The Polish daily newspaper "Rzeczpospolita" reported that during BdV meetings in 2003, publications using hate-language to describe Poles butchering Germans were available for sale, as were recordings of Waffen SS marches on compact discs, including those glorifying the Invasion of Poland. Also, far right groups openly distributed their materials at BdV meetings. While the BdV officially denied responsibility for this, no steps were taken to address the concerns raised.In February 2009, the Polish newspaper "Polska" wrote that over one third of the Federation top officials were former Nazi activists, and based this on an article published by the German magazine "Der Spiegel" in 2006. The German paper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung wrote that "Der Spiegel" said this not in respect to the Federation of Expellees, but in respect to a predecessor organization that was dissolved in 1957. | [
"Linus Kather",
"Erika Steinbach",
"Reinhold Rehs",
"Fritz Wittmann",
"Herbert Czaja",
"Georg von Manteuffel-Szoege",
"Bernd Fabritius"
] |
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