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Autism And Asperger Syndrome - Health And Medical Information Home Top Ad Post Top Ad Monday, April 18 Autism And Asperger Syndrome Autism And Asperger Syndrome What Are Autism And Asperger Syndrome? To people with autism and Asperger syndrome, the world can appear chaotic with no clear boundaries, order or meaning. These disorders can vary from very mild, where the person can function as well as anyone else around them, to so severe that they are completely unable to take part in normal society. People with autism are usually more severely disabled, while those with Asperger syndrome tend to be more able, although this isn't always so. Because of the range of severity and symptoms, the conditions are collectively known as autistic spectrum disorders. They affect more than 580,000 people in the UK. Symptoms Of Autism The main three symptoms are: Difficulties with social interaction - being unaware of what's socially appropriate, finding chatting or small talk difficult and not socialising much. People with autism may appear uninterested in others and find it very difficult to develop friendships and relate to others, while those with Asperger syndrome are more likely to enjoy or want to develop social contacts, but find mixing very difficult. Problems with verbal and non-verbal communication - those affected may be able to speak fluently or, more commonly in autism, may be unable to speak at all. There may also be difficulties understanding gestures, body language, facial expressions and tone of voice, making it difficult to judge or understand the reactions of those they are talking to or to empathise with people's feelings. As a result, they may unintentionally appear insensitive or rude to others. They may also take others comments literally and so misunderstand jokes, metaphors or colloquialisms. Lack of imagination and creative play - such as not enjoying or taking part in role-play games. They may also find it difficult to grapple with abstract ideas. There may be overriding obsessions with objects, interests or routines, which tend to interfere further with building social relationships (this is known as stereotyped or repetitive behaviour). These behavioural difficulties can cause a great deal of stress for members of the family. A child with autism may appear unaffected as a baby and reach the usual developmental milestones, including early speech. But as they grow into toddlers, they may fail to develop normal social behaviour and speech may be lost. As a child grows, the typical difficulties of autistic spectrum disorders are: * Repetitive behaviour and resistance to changes in routine. * Obsessions with particular objects or routines. * Poor coordination. * Difficulties with fine movement control (especially in Asperger syndrome). * Absence of normal facial expression and body language. * Lack of eye contact. * Tendency to spend time alone, with very few friends. * Lack of imaginative play. People with Asperger syndrome are usually more mildly affected than those with autism. In fact, many people with milder symptoms are never diagnosed at all, and some argue that Asperger syndrome is simply a variation of normal rather than a medical condition or disorder. Even so, many do find that it gives them particular problems getting on in the world and they may become aware they are different from others. This can result in isolation, confusion, depression and other difficulties, all of which could be defined as 'disease'. Some children with Asperger syndrome manage (or in fact even do very well) in mainstream schools, especially if extra support is available. However, even when children cope well academically, they may have problems socialising and are likely to suffer teasing or bullying. More severely affected children need the specialist help provided by schools for children with learning disabilities. With the right sort of support and encouragement, many with Asperger syndrome can lead relatively normal lives. Helping them develop some insight into the condition is an important step towards adjusting to, or at least coping with, the way the rest of the world works. Some do very well, especially in an environment or job where they can use their particular talents. Autism tends to produce more severe symptoms. For example, a child with autism may fail to develop normal speech (the development of spoken language is usually normal in Asperger syndrome) and as many as 75 per cent of people with autism have accompanying learning disabilities. Seizures are also a common problem, affecting between 15 and 30 per cent of those with autism. Conversely, children with autism are sometimes found to have an exceptional skill, such as an aptitude for drawing, mathematics or playing a musical instrument. Causes Of Autism The cause of autistic spectrum disorders is not yet clear. Genetics play an important role, and researchers are examining a number of chromosome sites that could be implicated. It's likely that autism occurs when a small number of genes interact in a specific way, possibly linked to some external event or factor. This genetic link means there may be an inherited tendency, so autism and Asperger syndrome may run in families. Brothers or sisters of a child with the condition are 75 times more likely to develop it themselves. Doctors' ability to diagnose these disorders has improved in recent years, but older people, particularly with milder problems, may never have been diagnosed. When a child is diagnosed, parents often realise they've had the same problems themselves. Boys are more likely to be affected than girls, though research suggests that when girls have the condition they may be more severely affected. A variety of other environmental factors that affect brain development before, during or soon after birth, also play a part (possibly acting as a trigger). Despite reports suggesting a possible link between MMR vaccination and autistic spectrum disorders, scientific evidence has confirmed the vaccination does not increase the risk. There's no specific test for autistic spectrum disorders. Diagnosis is based on a consideration of symptoms, and milder cases may be missed. Treatments For Autism There is no specific cure or particular medical treatment for autism, but much can be done to maximise a child’s potential and this is key to managing the condition. Appropriate specialist education, speech, language and behavioural therapy are all important. There are many different approaches (for example, the Lovaas method is an intensive behaviour therapy approach, while the Son-Rise programme is focussed on relationships). Other interventions are based around theories about possible causes of autistic spectrum disorders – these may for example involve using foods and supplements, or medicines, which might affect the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of the body. While many people feel they've achieved good results with some of these interventions, none of them is a cure-all, and many lack scientific evidence to demonstrate their benefits. Others claim dietary changes or alternative remedies have helped, but these, too, are mostly unproven. Medication is sometimes recommended when it's felt to be of benefit to the child, for example to control seizures, depression or other symptoms. As the precise events that lead to autistic spectrum disorders aren't yet known, it isn't possible to prevent them. Neither is there yet a simple screening test to identify people carrying genes that might increase susceptibility to autism. Subscribe to Our Posts via Email Share This No comments: Post Bottom Ad
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Javier Gerardo Milei Chief Economist, Corporacion America Licentiate in Economics, Universidad de Belgrano, Argentina; two Master's in Economics, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella and CEDES/IDES. Former: Head Economist, Estudio Broda and Máxima AFJP; Senior Economist, HSBC, Argentina; Adviser of the Argentine Government, ICSID. Currently, Head Economist, Corporación América. B-20/G-20 Adviser and Member, Group of Economic Policy, ICC/G-20. Since 2012, leads the division of Economic Studies, Fundación Acordar, a think tank of national scope. For more than 20 years, University Professor of Macroeconomics, Economics of Growth, Microeconomics and Mathematics for Economists. Has written over 50 academic papers.
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Tel: 401.738.9300   Email: 158 Knight St, Warwick RI, 02886 Job, Opportunities, Learned Together The JOLT Program provides you the resources and skills needed to build your network and grow your career. You will receive follow-up communication once your completed application has been submitted. Click here to complete the JOLT Program Application
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Getting to Know Central School At the beginning of the year, teachers sent home a Getting to Know Your Child and Parent form.  We asked parents to write down any questions that they had about Central. When we get these questions, we will answer them a couple at a time at our School Council meetings but we will also place them on our website for parents who may not be able to attend the meetings. September Questions • Why are the hallway doors locked? • Why I am not allowed to talk to my child's teacher when I want? October Questions • Can we have some information on sports teams at WCS? • Information on Bullying! • What are the school's thoughts on social media? November Questions • What is think tank? • How do students get assigned think tank? • Why as we, as parents, asked to ensure that plans are communicated before our children go to school? January Questions • Why are the students leaving the school not dressed appropriately in cold weather? • I keep reading about the attendance board. What is it and why do parents get reported to them for students missing school? • I would like to volunteer both in the classroom and for School Council. How do I go about doing this? March Questions • Why do staff park along the street instead of in the parking lot?
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1 July to The 7 Types of Plastic and What They Mean for Food Packaging Food Packaging You may notice the recycling symbol on every paper and plastic box and container that you may find and buy, but did you also know that there are several different codes that can appear alongside it? These aren’t just codes for factory or organizational purposes, as they actually can help you figure out what the plastic is made of as well as how the plastic should be recycled. A number may also appear inside the triangle as well. Here are the seven recycling codes as well as which material(s) they refer to: 1. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Polyethylene terephthalate is used to make some of the most common plastic items today. It is made from a resin that is easy to make, and any container made of PET should be fairly easy to recycle, and it often recycled into fibers made of polyester and bottles. Examples of plastics made from PET include water and soda bottles, peanut butter jars, take away food packaging, and salad dressing bottles. 2. HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) High density polyethylene is a thick plastic, but also one that is very common and easy to recycle. HDPE plastic is accepted by nearly the same recycling services as PET, and it can be recycled into bags or water bottles. Examples of plastics made from HDPE include milk jugs, detergent bottles, fabric softener containers, bleach bottles, and more. 3. V (Polyvinyl Chloride) Alternatively known as PVC, polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastic that is commonly made for pipework and other plumbing fixtures. It is very similar to HDPE, so the only way for most people to tell the difference is to refer to the recycle code as it appears. Despite also being used to make toys, furniture, and packaging materials, PVC is known as an environmental hazard. PVC is not easy to recycle, and few recycling services accept it. 4. LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) As HDPE is a thick plastic, low density polyethylene is a thinner, more flexible form of plastic. Examples of plastics made from LDPE include sandwich bags, plastic wrap, grocery bags, and squeezable bottles. An increasing number of recycling services are starting to accept LDPE for recycling and it pretty much can recycle into the applications as mentioned; light, thin sheet plastic. 5. PP (Polypropylene) Polypropylene can be made into many different thicknesses, so it’s not defined to just one like HDPE and LDPE. Examples of plastics made from PP include plastic bottlecaps, food containers, and recyclable trays. PP is another common plastic accepted by recycling services and can be recycled into fiber resins. 6. PS (Polystyrene) Polystyrene, more commonly known as Styrofoam, is a thick, soft plastic; unlike the other 5 types on this list of Take Away Food Packaging. Despite PS’s bulky nature, it is amazingly light. Examples of plastics made from PS include Styrofoam cups, Styrofoam trays, packing peanuts, and packing dividers. It is difficult to recycle, but can be reused for other purposes, such as with shipping. 7. Others Miscellaneous plastics, plastics that are mixed with one another to make a product, or are undefined are typically marked “Other” or “7”. They have no classification in regard to whether or not they can be recycled, so the general consensus among recycling services is that they are not. Examples of plastics in this category include bisphenol A (BPA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyurethane (PU). As for food containers and other plastic fast food supplies, most of them are rated PET, meaning that they are safe and completely recyclable. Look for products made of PET to get lightweight, affordable plastic supplies that you can put quality meals in for your customers.
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Tom Molloy United Kingdom 1964 Installation, Sculpture, Drawing Tom Molloy Tom Molloy United Kingdom April 18, 2013 Tom Molloy produces drawings, sculptures and installations, whose delicacy disguises the darkness of their subject matter which is centered upon the human cost of geopolitics. Featured Image: Tom Molloy – Tom Molloy in Kiasma, 2015 – Image via
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Directed Reading in Phonological Development - LAN00014M « Back to module search • Department: Language and Linguistic Science • Module co-ordinator: Information currently unavailable • Credit value: 10 credits • Credit level: M • Academic year of delivery: 2019-20 • See module specification for other years: 2017-18 Related modules Pre-requisite modules Co-requisite modules • None Prohibited combinations • None Module will run Occurrence Teaching cycle A Autumn Term 2019-20 Module aims • To provide students with knowledge of the early stages of construction of a phonological system by the individual child; • To provide insight into the history of ideas in the field by reading the classic papers from the 1970s; • To become acquainted with childrens early word forms and the kinds of analyses to which they lend themselves, in order to understand childrens emergent phonological system. Module learning outcomes Subject content • become familiar with the word forms of children acquiring different languages and the challenges that they have posed to phonological theory Academic and graduate skills • gain experience with analysis of child data Task Length % of module mark Essay (2500) N/A 100 Special assessment rules Task Length % of module mark Essay (2500) N/A 100 Module feedback Information currently unavailable Indicative reading Vihman & Keren-Portnoy (eds.), Reader in Child Phonology (in prep., Cambridge University Press)
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Two malicious Python libraries caught stealing SSH and GPG keys One library was available for only two days, but the second was live for nearly a year. Rogue developer used typosquatting to create two trojanized Python libraries The malicious Python libraries were caught stealing SSH and GPG keys. The Python security team removed two trojanized Python libraries from PyPI (Python Package Index) that were caught stealing SSH and GPG keys from the projects of infected developers. The two libraries were created by the same developer and mimicked other more popular libraries -- using a technique called typosquatting to register similarly-looking names. The two malicious clones were discovered on Sunday, December 1, by German software developer Lukas Martini. Both libraries were removed on the same day after Martini notified dateutil developers and the PyPI security team. While the python3-dateutil was created and uploaded on PyPI two days before, on November 29, the jeIlyfish library had been available for nearly a year, since December 11, 2018. Stealing SSH and GPG keys According to Martini, the malicious code was present only in the jeIlyfish library. The python3-dateutil package didn't contain malicious code of its own, but it did import the jeIlyfish library, meaning it was malicious by association. The code downloaded and read a list of hashes stored in a GitLab repository. The nature and purpose of these hashes was initially unknown, as neither Martini or the PyPI team detailed the behavior in great depth before the library was promptly removed from PyPI. ZDNet asked today Paul Ganssle, a member of the dateutil dev team, to take a closer look at the malicious code and put it in perspective for our readers. "The code directly in the `jeIlyfish` library downloads a file called 'hashsum' that looks like nonsense from a gitlab repo, then decodes that into a Python file and executes it," Ganssle told ZDNet. "It also lists a bunch of directories, home directory, PyCharm Projects directory," Ganssle added. "If I had to guess what the purpose of that is, I would say it's to figure out what projects the credentials work for so that the attacker can compromise that person's projects." Developers advised to review projects Both of the malicious libraries were uploaded on PyPI by the same developer, who used the username of olgired2017 -- also used for the GitLab account. It is believed that olgired2017 created the dateutil clone in an attempt to capitalize on the original's library popularity and increase the reach of the malicious code; however, this also brought more attention from more developers and eventually ended up in exposing his entire operation. Excluding the malicious code, both typosquatted packages were identical copies of the original libraries, meaning they would have worked as the originals. Developers who didn't pay attention to the libraries they downloaded or imported into their projects should check to see if they've used the correct package names and did not accidentally use the typosquatted versions. If they accidentally used any of the two, developers are advised to change the all SSH and GPG keys they've used over the past year. This is the sixth time the PyPI team intervenes to remove typo-squatted malicious Python libraries from the official repository. Similar incidents have happened in September 2017 (ten libraries), May 2018 (one library), October 2018 (12 libraries), December 2018 (18 libraries) and July 2019 (three libraries). Article updated one hour after publication with Ganssle's analysis.
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Translations of this page: Language Support Zotero's Unicode support allows you to import, store, and cite items in any language. You can change the language of both the Zotero user interface and the citations and bibliographies created by Zotero. Finally, there is an unofficial multilingual version of Zotero, which supports storage of item metadata in more than one language (transliterations and translations). Switching Languages In Zotero, the interface language defaults to matching the operating system's language. To use a different language, go to the Edit menu (Windows/Linux) or Zotero menu (Mac) and select Preferences, click on the Advanced tab, and make your selection from the Language drop-down. Citations and Bibliographies To keep your Zotero UI in one language, but use another language for the citations and bibliographies created by Zotero, simply select the citation language you'd like to use from the appropriate location: • The “Create Bibliography from Selected Item(s)” dialog • The word processor integration plugin's document preferences window • The Quick Copy section in the Export pane of the Zotero preferences Contributing Translations You can report mistakes in Zotero's translations in the Zotero forums. If you would like to make larger contributions (like translating the Zotero client into an as of yet unsupported language), see the developer's instructions for localization. Juris-M: Multilingual fields, Translations, and Transliterations Juris-M (formerly called Multilingual Zotero or MLZ) is an unofficial community-driven version of Zotero that adds additional support for multilingual and legal citations. Juris-M allows you to store transliterations and translations of names, titles and other fields, and create citations and bibliographies that show this information (e.g. “Soseki, Wagahai ha neko de aru [I am a cat] (1905-06)”). Juris-M is developed by Frank Bennett, a Zotero user and active Zotero contributor. If you would like to try out Juris-M, see the project webpage.
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Language Arts Student Writing Guide Student Writing Guide Writing Guide Complete Writing Guide for Students Individual Sections Listed Below: Commonly Confused Words Elements of An Academic Essay Glossary of Literary and Writing Terms Grammar Usage and Mechanics Modes of Writing Open Ended Questions Reading Apprenticeship Revising and Editing Thesis Statements Writing Guide Writing Process Visual
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GameMaker: Checking whether a string is a valid number Some things are numbers, some aren't GameMaker Studio 2.2.2 released few days ago, bringing, among improvements, "GML consistency", which changes how automatic type conversion works in corner cases. A little less known thing, together with that it also changed how GameMaker's string-to-number conversion function (real) works, having it throw an error if your string is definitely not a number. A slight inconvenience, given that there is not a function to check if a string is a number before attempting conversion. But, of course, that can be fixed. What is a number For all we know, a string containing a number would have the following structure: • A minus sign - (optional) • Zero or more digits • A period . (optional) • If period is included, zero or more digits • Must contain at least 1 digit total • Must not contain anything else (trim your stirng separately if you must) Let's break this down in steps, An unsigned integer This one's easy because GameMaker has a built-in string_digits function, which will take a string and return a new string that only contains digits from it ("a4b5" -> "45"). Thus we can utilize this to check whether a string only contains digits (and also that it is not empty): /// string_is_uint(string) var s = argument0; var n = string_length(string_digits(s)); return n > 0 && n == string_length(s); As we know that string_digits will return the digits in order, a length comparison will suffice. Nice and easy. A signed integer The only difference between a signed an unsigned integer is that a signed one might have a - in front. So, we need to check that it's either all-digits, or (number of digits - 1) long if there's a -. As GameMaker allows to implicitly cast true to 1 and false to 0, we can cheat just a little bit: /// string_is_int(string) var s = argument0; var n = string_length(string_digits(s)); return n > 0 && n == string_length(s) - (string_ord_at(s, 1) == ord("-")); (to be fair, we could also make use of fact that GM's "truthfulness" condition for numbers is num > 0.5 and shorten that to return n && ..., but let's stick to clearer notation here) A floating-point number Things are exactly the same, but! There can now be a dot/period. The implementation is pretty lean about this - 1.1, 1., and .1 are all valid numbers. So we can simply check if the input contains a ., and further decrease the expected number of digits if that is so: /// string_is_real(string) var s = argument0; var n = string_length(string_digits(s)); return n > 0 && n == string_length(s) - (string_ord_at(s, 1) == ord("-")) - (string_pos(".", s) != 0); Exponential notation Did you know that GameMaker allows exponential notation for values passed to real? 1e3 for 1000 (1*103) or .1e2 for 10 (0.1*102) and such. Not actively documented or anything. And I don't suppose you would want to let the user enter such values often either. But still, if you'd want that, /// string_is_real_exp(string) var s = argument0; var n = string_length(string_digits(s)); var p = string_pos(".", s); var e = string_pos("e", s); switch (e) { case 0: break; // ok! case 1: return false; // "e#" case 2: if (p > 0) return false; break; // ".e#" or "1e." default: if (p > 0 && e < p) return false; break; // "1e3.3" return n && n == string_length(s) - (string_char_at(s, 1) == "-") - (p != 0) - (e != 0); Doing it yourself Suppose you want to do things yourself, without utilizing string_digits. You can do that too, /// string_is_real_exp_pure(string) var s = argument0; var n = string_byte_length(s); var seenDot = false; var seenExp = false; var numDigs = 0; var i = 1; if (string_byte_at(s, 1) == ord("-")) i += 1; while (i <= n) { var c = string_byte_at(s, i); switch (c) { case ord("."): if (seenDot || seenExp) return false; seenDot = true; case ord("e"): case ord("E"): if (seenExp || numDigs == 0) return false; seenExp = true; if (c >= ord("0") && c <= ord("9")) { numDigs += 1; } else return false; i += 1; return numDigs > 0; As a note here, if you are reading this not for GM, pay attention that GML strings have indexes start at 1, so you'll need i = 0, (s, 0), and i < n accordingly. As a second note, on HTML5 it's beneficial to use string_ord_at+string_length instead of string_byte_at+string_byte_length because JS doesn't work with bytes directly. Have fun! Related posts: Leave a Reply
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Here is an easy way to quickly upload images and use them in your widgets. Using Images in Widgets 1. From your WordPress dashboard, go to Media -> Add New. 2. A screen similar to this appears. Click on Select Files or drag and drop your image into the dashed 3. Once the image is successfully uploaded, you can see a small white box at the bottom with the image name and an Edit link. Please click on Edit. [4. This is the ‘Edit’ screen. The image is shown on left with its details on the right side. 5. Select the text under File URL and copy it. Please ensure that the complete text is selected. 6. Once the File URL is copied, come back to creating a Yeloni widget and open the Image section. 7. Paste the File URL into the Enter Image URL section. If the URL has been correctly copied, the image is shown on the left. After this step, continue with creating and saving the widget. [Image courtesy: Google]
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Encouraging staff to join in for a few hours of fun makes an office mixer an ideal way to improve teamwork and help your staff get to know each other better. To make the fun even more exciting, prepare a variety of items to give as gifts based on raffle ticket drawings announced during the mixer or as rewards for winning games or contests. Tap into the personalities of your staff to decide which giveaways might work best. Team Prizes Playing games that require teamwork provides the perfect opportunity to award gifts that involve even more teamwork. For instance, reward the winning team with a two-hour lunch at a local restaurant, or buy movie tickets to an upcoming show, and give the team the afternoon off to go watch the movie together. You could also provide a night for the team to play a few rounds of miniature golf at the local course, or to indulge in a few bowling games to build team spirit. Gift Cards Gift cards for use at local businesses or shopping websites make for fun giveaways that allow your staff to buy what they wish. Choose from retail gift cards sold by specific merchants, or buy a more generic bank gift card so it can be used wherever the credit card brand is accepted. Include the original receipt with the card so the user can confirm that the card was purchased if it gets stolen or lost. Promotional Party Favors Give away T-shirts, caps or coffee mugs with your company’s logo and slogan on them. Not only are you offering a prize, but you’re also getting the word out about your brand whenever the winner uses or wears the item. Make the gifts even more fun by giving humorous items with your logo printed on them, such as bottles of fiery hot sauce, flying discs or puzzles. If you plan to serve beverages at your mixer, hand out strangely shaped cups that include your logo and company name on them. Encourage attendees to take the cups home with them as a keepsake. Sponsored Goodies Office mixers that include outside companies or organizations give you the perfect opportunity to ask them to contribute prizes or giveaways with their name on them. Explain how the company donating the prize gets a chance to stand up in front of the group to give a quick sales spiel as a thank-you for their sponsorship. You can also ask the company donating the prizes to bring brochures and business cards to put on a table at the back of the mixer. About the Author Photo Credits • David De Lossy/Photodisc/Getty Images
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Enhance Your Project Management With ProjectManager.com and Zapier Alison Groves Alison Groves / August 25, 2015 Managing projects is the core of many businesses. With so many factors at play, from having the right resources working on the correct things to making sure the project is going to be completed on time, there are many moving parts to the process. ProjectManager.com has tools to help you solve those issues, plus seeing an entire project all at one glance, status reports, time tracking, and expense monitoring. Connect all of that great project information to other apps you use via Zapier, and you have access to even better data within ProjectManager.com. Create tasks from help desk tickets, send notifications for new tasks, even keep track of to-dos in other calendars you might use. Check out a few different ways you can take advantage of ProjectManager.com's new Zapier integration: How to Use This Integration 1. Sign up for a ProjectManager.com account account, and also make sure you have a Zapier account. 2. Connect your ProjectManager.com account to Zapier. 3. Check out pre-made ProjectManager.com integrations. Happy managing!
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Tuesday, January 26, 2016 Asking For You Untitled document Minute Meditations Real Love Minute Meditations Real love shows up not only in times of great joy, delight, and fulfillment but especially when life seems overwhelming and incomprehensible, filled with unbearable suffering and sorrow. It is in these times that love has shown me the way, not around the pain but through it. — from Woman of Strength St. Paula Patron Saint of:    St. Timothy Feast: January 26 Feast Day: January 26 Died: 80, Ephesus Patron of: intestinal disorders, stomach diseases (Taken from Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints) Daily Prayer - 2016-01-26 "Be still and know that I am God" Lord, may your spirit guide me to seek Your Loving presence more and more. For it is there I find rest and refreshment from this busy world.< Lord you gave me life and the gift of freedom. Through Your love I exist in this world. May I never take the gift of life for granted. May I always respect the right to life of others. In God's loving presence I unwind the past day, starting from now and looking back, moment by moment. I gather in all the goodness and light, in gratitude. I attend to the shadows and what they say to me, seeking healing, courage, forgiveness. The Word of God Memorial of Saints Timothy and Titus, Bishops Reading 1 2 Tm 1:1-8 Paul, an Apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God for the promise of life in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, my dear child: grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. I am grateful to God, whom I worship with a clear conscience as my ancestors did, I yearn to see you again, recalling your tears, so that I may be filled with joy, as I recall your sincere faith that first lived in your grandmother Lois and in your mother Eunice and that I am confident lives also in you. For this reason, I remind you to stir into flame For God did not give us a spirit of cowardice but rather of power and love and self-control. So do not be ashamed of your testimony to our Lord, nor of me, a prisoner for his sake; but bear your share of hardship for the Gospel with the strength that comes from God. Or Ti 1:1-5 Paul, a slave of God and Apostle of Jesus Christ for the sake of the faith of God's chosen ones and the recognition of religious truth, in the hope of eternal life who indeed at the proper time revealed his word in the proclamation with which I was entrusted by the command of God our savior, to Titus, my true child in our common faith: grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our savior. For this reason I left you in Crete so that you might set right what remains to be done and appoint presbyters in every town, as I directed you. Responsorial Psalm PS 96:1-2a, 2b-3, 7-8a, 10 Sing to the LORD a new song; sing to the LORD, all you lands. Sing to the LORD; bless his name. R. Proclaim God's marvelous deeds to all the nations. Announce his salvation, day after day. Tell his glory among the nations; among all peoples, his wondrous deeds. R. Proclaim God's marvelous deeds to all the nations. Give to the LORD, you families of nations, give to the LORD glory and praise; give to the LORD the glory due his name! R. Proclaim God's marvelous deeds to all the nations. Say among the nations: The LORD is king. He has made the world firm, not to be moved; he governs the peoples with equity. R. Proclaim God's marvelous deeds to all the nations. Alleluia See Mt 11:25 R. Alleluia, alleluia. Blessed are you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth; you have revealed to little ones the mysteries of the Kingdom. R. Alleluia, alleluia. Gospel Mk 3:31-35 The mother of Jesus and his brothers arrived at the house. Standing outside, they sent word to Jesus and called him. A crowd seated around him told him, "Your mother and your brothers and your sisters are outside asking for you." But he said to them in reply, "Who are my mother and my brothers?" And looking around at those seated in the circle he said, "Here are my mother and my brothers. For whoever does the will of God is my brother and sister and mother." - - - Some thoughts on today's scripture • We can picture members of the crowd, no doubt more eager to hear what he had to say, ranging themselves in a circle round Jesus. • Jesus had already been inviting those who heard him to the totally new life of members of the kingdom of heaven. Then, born into that new life, they would be his brothers and sisters in a new way -- a bond even deeper than the normal ties of family. This is the invitation which he still extends to all of us. What part of it strikes a chord in you? will slowly rise to the surface of your consciousness. As it was in the beginning, is now and ever shall be, world without end. Catholic Meditations Meditation: 2 Timothy 1:1-8 View NAB Reading at Subscriber? Login to view archives. Saints Timothy and Titus, Bishops (Memorial) Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. (2 Timothy 1:2) Today we celebrate two of St. Paul's best-known companions: Timothy and Titus. Both were young men when they began working with Paul, and both grew to become leaders of the Church in their own right. While we don't know all that much about Titus, Scripture gives us a good portrait of Timothy. So let's see what we can learn from this man's life in the Lord. A highly regarded member of the Christian community in Lystra, Timothy had a deep love for God (Acts 16:2). We first hear about him when Paul visits Lystra during his second missionary journey. Paul meets the young man and is so impressed with his faith that he invites Timothy along as a helper. Two things that become evident in Paul's letters to Timothy are the young leader's lack of experience and his tendency to be timid in his leadership. Paul admonishes him to stand firm and not yield to erroneous teachings—essentially, to get some backbone and confront the issues threatening the faith of the Christian community at Ephesus (1 Timothy 1:18-20). On another occasion, Paul reminds him to be more assertive when addressing the community (2 Timothy 1:7) and reminds him how to conduct his personal life (1 Timothy 5:1-6). Timothy doesn't sound too good so far, does he? But the positive thing about him is his openness to Paul's teaching and encouragement. As time goes by, Paul begins to have more confidence and trust in him and relies on him more fully (Philippians 2:19-23). Timothy's shortcomings teach us that God can write straight on crooked lines. He can work with imperfect people. Like him, we need to allow ourselves to be formed and transformed over time. As we do, we too will be able to work wonders for the gospel. If God could work in Timothy, he can work in all of us. So hand yourself over to the Lord, and let him turn you into his emissary! "Thank you, Father, for Timothy's example of faithful service. Send your Holy Spirit to raise up men and women like him who have a sincere love for you and who are willing to serve your Church at any cost." Psalm 96:1-3, 7-8, 10 Mark 3:31-35 Asking For You "I am grateful to God" says Saint Paul from a prison cell..."whom I worship with a clear conscience as my ancestors did".  Rather be locked up and free than "free" and locked up inside.  This is what it's all about.  Persecutions are a given in a world where there is a prince of darkness to rattle your bones.  Where is your true freedom?  It  is in the heart.  A heart in disaster is an unpeaceful place, because no matter where it goes, it is bleeding.  And today, we have a healing heart offering Himself.  Just read the Holy Gospel, where our Lord is offering Himself as one of, where we are honored to be one with Him as Saint Paul says in Ephesians "So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citizens with the holy ones and members of the household of God".  When He joins us to Him, we are united to Him, and can you imagine being united to God?  Saint Paul goes on "I yearn to see you again, recalling your tears", remember, this is the Word of God, not Saint Paul.  God yearns to see us again "so that I may be filled with joy".  When will we see Him?  When we travel outside our box, our comfort zone, and actually go meet Him in a needy world where most are greedy with their time and treasure and talent.  Unknowingly, they wait, the forgotten wait for the Lord, in nursing homes, asylums, prisons, and those straying far from the Lord, lost in addictions of food, of lust, of money, lost in thoughts, consumed with buying and taking in the lies and gossip.  Passions are thwarted and the Passion of Christ is forgotten.  We go to Church, maybe.  Maybe our bodies go, but our spirits are found wanting (lacking).  Wanting of desire.  Wanting of Passion.  Wanting of fulfillment.  Rejection seems to be the addage and a way of life.  A constant rejection of the Lord.   Why?  Because we think we don't belong.  Because we think we don't deserve.  As if to say "I don't belong in Heaven" and "I don't deserve mercy".  I've heard some even say to me "I know I'm going to hell" and they do nothing about it.  Jesus "For this reason, I remind you to stir into flame the gift of God that you have through the imposition of my hands".  In the Holy Sacraments, we have the laying of hands and the priest is in the person of Christ, so it is Jesus laying His hands on us in the Holy Sacraments.  And laying of hands has been passed on from the time of JEsus to this day through our Holy Church, the Bishops, Priests, and the Pope, and on the lay people.  And through it, the gift is given, for you to have, the one of tenacity, and strength, watch what our Lord says next: "For God did not give us a spirit of cowardice but rather of power and love and self-control."  Control yourself to be able to love.  You can with the grace of God control your tendency to sin.  This then is the power needed and bestowed on each of us.  And the side effect to self control and use of this power is the flowering gift of love, a better love...a better love of God our Father! So announce His salvation, day after day, after day!  Proclaim God's marvelous deeds to all the nations. Sing to the LORD a new song.  What deeds?  That He has defeated all that stuff that ruins and will defeat anything that comes up.  Singing a new song is a song of gratitude, an attitude Saint Paul that exhorts from prison and now in Heaven.  He followed Christ to death and Christ raises Saint Paul to life.  Is this heroic virtue?  Or is it plain and simple love?  You do things in the name of love that seem dumb to the world.  Things like forgiving.  Things like giving until you can not give any more and then find ways to give more.  So don't be stingy with your sorry life, give!  Give it to God!  IF, if you are truly sorry. IF you are even sorry.  And sorry here meaning sinful.  Let Him have those sins, He knows how to fix things.  Do not become despondent.  Do not let others become disconnected from faith, not under your watch, but be a pusher, be pushy, keep pushing, remembering what P.U.S.H. means Find devotions, find prayers, find new ways to communicate to get through to souls.  So long as we breathe, the one Who is Among us works through us by being one in us.  Found among people, "your mother and brothers are looking for you".  He says the truth "...whoever does the will of God is my brother and sister and mother."  They weren't any less and we aren't any more.  Jesus says "I'll be your brother".   If you've never had one, Here I Am. "I'll be your mother", you're never alone. "I'll be your Father" because I know how to give life. I'll be your everything if you let Me. Subscribe to the visit mailing list.
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Welcome to the Online Sourcebook: Integrating Gender In Climate Change Adaptation Proposals Developed by USAID Adapt Asia-Pacific and hosted by the Asia-Pacific Adaptation Network (APAN), the Sourcebook is a live document that will be periodically updated. This Sourcebook is intended to be used mainly by individuals and teams who prepare large-scale climate change adaptation (CCA) project proposals. The Sourcebook provides readers with tools to help answer the question, "How do we best go about incorporating gender considerations into our CCA proposal?" We understand that Sourcebook readers will come from a wide array of backgrounds, including gender specialists, CCA specialists, engineers, economists and others. You will find that each section of the Sourcebook is self-contained; we expect that you will go directly to those sections, tools, and sectors of particular relevance to your work. As a general guide, we have suggested below sections of the Sourcebook that may be particularly useful to readers. The first set of suggestions is for those readers who are gender and CCA specialists, while the second set, will be helpful for non-specialists. Simply hit the appropriate button below for a guide to Sourcebook sections which may be particularly applicable to you.
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Hey there! any question in your mind? Ask It Now!. Popular Categories What is the Difference between Error And Exception? +7 votes asked in Programming by mannu (990 points) edited by Bhartesh Now a days we usually meet these words in our code Error or Exception do we know the exact meaning of these words? So guys i want to know the exact  Difference between Error And Exception. commented by Shrikant error is the ir-recoverable such as out of memory error. Exception is the run time recoverable error. commented by Sohan Argulwar In simple language error is which nobody can control of guess while exception can be guessed an handled (using try catch block) 8 Answers +3 votes answered by anonymous An Error you can't recover from, where as an Exception can be caught and handled. +3 votes answered by Muhamad Nizar Iqbal Error is the real something happen from exception. Exception is the way to catch the error. For example when you get the varianble let say String str, we got Null Pointer. The error is because our variable has NULL value and it catch with Exception: "Null Pointer Exception". +3 votes answered by Boyd Smith (200 points) From the documentation: "An Error is a subclass of Throwable that indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch." "The class Exception and its subclasses are a form of Throwable that indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch." You *usually* shouldn't do *anything* with Error or any subclass.  But, in particular, if you are writing a catch clause and it names Error or a subclass, you are writing an "unreassonable" application. commented by monika (2,040 points) good job @Boyd Smit , I agree with your point. thanks for the information. +3 votes answered by amit_pammu Expert (5,030 points) Programming errors fall into three categories: 1-compilation errors, 2-run-time errors, 3-logical error Compilation Errors Compilation errors, also known as compiler errors, are errors that prevent your program from running Logic Errors Logic errors are errors that prevent your program from doing what you intended it to do.. Run Time Errors Run-time errors are errors that occur while your program runs.. and exception are the run time error! +1 vote answered by nitu (1,680 points) In simple words error can not be handled , but exceptions can be handled, with the help of try and catch Conditions here... }catch(Throwable ex){ ex.print trace(); Like this you can catch an exception. 0 votes answered by Gabriel Pulido I think an error is when something wrong happens, and and error prompt shows, while an Exception is an internal failure that can lead to an error or be caught and continue on. 0 votes answered by Himanshu Jain An Error "indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch." while An Exception "indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch." 0 votes answered by Deepak Deshpande Both Error and Exception are derived from java.lang.Throwable. Errors are those situations that cannot be handled by the JVM and your application cannot potentially recover from Errors.For example, you may run out of system resources, OutOfMemoryError etc. On the other hand exceptions are conditions that occur during the runtime of the application and your (JVM can recover from these conditions and your application can run normally.. For example, ClassCastException, OutOfBoundException, ArithmeticException, IOException.Exceptions are further classified into checked and unchecked exceptions. Please refer to the javadocs for details. Related Questions +7 votes 1 answer 540 views 0 votes 0 answers 121 views +15 votes 2 answers 7,076 views +6 votes 1 answer 373 views +3 votes 1 answer 121 views +2 votes 1 answer 112 views +4 votes 4 answers 2,134 views Not a Member yet? Ask to Folks Login My Account 347 Folks are online 0 members and 347 guest online Your feedback is highly appreciated
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Huggies Forum 1. home 2. Baby Forum 3. 3_miracles 3_miracles’ profile 3_miracles started new topic bar codes Ok so I have way too many bar codes for nappies, wipes etc....just in my top drawer in the study, but I haven't come on to the Huggies website for months and months! I didn't know where else to put... Saturday 11 August 07:24pm 3_miracles replied to topic St Johns wort I'm using it at the moment and have been for months, possibly about 8 months now. For me, it takes the edge off, if you know what I mean It means I stay calmer and have more patience, and don't fe... Thursday 27 October 11:35am 3_miracles replied to topic Low Blood Pressure I had exactly the same thing with my 3rd pregnancy, and DD2 is now 2 years old and my blood pressure is still low. Prior to that pregnancy, normal for me was 120/80. Now it is more like 100/60 or s... Monday 24 October 10:48am 3_miracles replied to topic stretch marks I got heaps around my boobs with DD1, carried her to 39 weeks and she was little at 3.02kg. Got quite a few, at about 36 weeks with DS, he was alot bigger at 4.12kg. They started out looking a bit ... Tuesday 18 October 01:54am 3_miracles replied to topic When to stop bottles? & Give Cows Milk I switched all of mine at their 1st birthdays, it was a gradual process that took a few weeks so by 13-14 months they were all off the boob and on cows milk in a sippy cup You can keep giving them... Monday 03 October 12:10pm 3_miracles replied to topic More Long Term TTC Hope I just wanted to write and tell you, I completely understand where you are t DH and I were TTC for 3.5 years before I got my first BFP through using clomid and IUI. I can tell you, it took me abou... Monday 03 October 12:06pm 3_miracles replied to topic how many teeth should a two year old have ?? There should be 2 molars, the first probably came through 6-12 months ago and the second molars, commonly known as the 2 year molars come last. They normally come around the 2 year mark My DD2 has... Saturday 01 October 11:43pm 3_miracles replied to topic any vet type people around? Yep I totally agree with the chicken thing, definitely a great thing for any tummy upsets in dogs. No harm is frying it in some olive oil, obviously no bones though Saturday 01 October 11:38pm 3_miracles replied to topic HELP!! My DD, about the same age, was the same. She totally refused a bottle of any sort, so as soon as solids started I gave her the formula mixed with her rice cereal and mashed with avocado banana etc.... Friday 30 September 12:48am 3_miracles replied to topic feeling cheated I felt cheated with my first, because I was induced and didn't get to go into labour spontaneously, but at least she was a vaginal birth. Then with my second, I went into labour spontaneously, but ... Friday 30 September 12:44am 3_miracles replied to topic Vaginal Delivery vs C-Section? I had a vaginal birth in 2006 followed by an emergency c section in 2008, then another vaginal birth in 2009, and I definitely preferred the vbac. The rules for me were that I was not allowed to be... Friday 23 September 05:29am 3_miracles replied to topic Anxiety I've been told that I had PND, or depression and anxiety in general seeing as it has been almost 2 years since my last bub was born, but I can't take any anti depressant medications as they all dis... Saturday 27 August 08:02am 3_miracles replied to topic Perth Couple looking for an egg donor angel...can you help us? Have you got someone yet? Friday 26 August 01:12am 3_miracles replied to topic How many hubby's/partner Unfortunately in my house it wasn't like that, it was always me trying to convince hubby that one more was a good idea. I just wanted to say that just because you had a c section last time doesn't... Wednesday 24 August 11:26pm 3_miracles replied to topic what do you and your toddler do each day? Mondays we usually stay at home for housework so my 3 year old and 20 month old will play with play dough or the train set or toys, or watch TV, or draw. Tuesday is playgroup in the morning and mor... Thursday 30 June 07:57am 3_miracles replied to topic Please help - Research into returning to work How did you get it to work? I'm getting the blank screen too. Thursday 16 June 08:34am 3_miracles replied to topic Due any day now and we can't decide I prefer Levi Alexander, I hope you don't mind me saying Try asking for guidance before you go to sleep at night, by morning you just may have an answer Thursday 16 June 08:32am 3_miracles replied to topic Moving to Perth from NZ I live not so far away from Edgewater. I'm in Kingsley which is about two suburbs south of where you will be. I go to a playgroup on Tuesday mornings and the mums are really nice, I think they are ... Thursday 16 June 08:26am 3_miracles replied to topic DS wont poo on toilet! Why? I read somewhere it is scary for them to sit on the loo and do a poo because it feels like a part of them is being lost in the loo. My DS poo'd his jocks for AGES, I just changed it with minimal fu... Thursday 16 June 08:17am 3_miracles replied to topic Speach! I agree with Eve75. My older two were the same at about 18-20 months but around 2 years or just after they improved. I have a 19 month old now, and she says the following but not clearly if you as... Thursday 16 June 08:13am • WA, Australia • 1188 forum posts • 2 girls, 1 boy
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Thanks to our GSoC Students As we return to school and look around Pencil Code in preparation for our classes this fall, we can see quite a few improvements that were created by our Google Summer of Code students. Let's take a look. The first thing you see when you log in: icons everywhere! But better yet, if you have saved the program recently, the icon will be a screenshot of the program's output. The change will help students and teachers quickly identify saved projects, and it should help people also find interesting projects they want to share. If you do ever want to switch back to a dense text-only listing view, you can just click the grid layout icon in the corner of the blue title bar. The icon implementation was done by Xinan Liu, a student at Singapore National University. He rewrote several bits of the Pencil Code server to supprort the icons, and then on the client side, he integrated the very cool html2canvas library to create the screenshots. If you click the "camera" icon, you can control the screenshot that is used for the icon. This summer, Xinan contributed quite a bit beyond this project. He also refactored our node.js-based build to switch from require.js to browserify, and he has been contributing to other sharing and scaling features on Pencil Code, helping other non-GSoC contributors get up to speed and reviewing their pull requests. We're looking forward to Xinan's continuing involvement and contributions to our little open-source community. The next amazing contribution, by IIIT Hyderabad student Saksham Aggarwal, is something you will definitely want to use in your classrooms - but you might not notice it at first! To try it out, create a new project named .html at the end - like myfile.html. Saskham has implemented an HTML block mode for the Droplet block editor, which means that you can instroduce beginners to HTML syntax using a drag-and-drop interface. And as usual with Droplet, you can toggle between blocks and text at any time. Saksham is also working on a similar Droplet-based editor for CSS syntax. You might ask, why not teach a WYSIWYG interface for HTML authoring? For a begnning programming class, the reason to teach HTML is not to teach web design, but to teach the idea of code. By teaching HTML before teaching a traditional language, students can get the idea of code, program files, syntax, naming, nested structure, and parameterization. And they can learn all these important concepts before wrestling with sequencing, state, and control flow. Saksham's visual HTML syntax editor is a very accessible way to see and work with HTML syntax without having to type every bracket. And yet, magically, it does not hide the syntax - by toggling into text, you can work directly with traditional code. It is fully authentic, but highly accessible. Saksham's implementation reflects a few subtle but deep insights: he uses a lenient HTML5-compliant parse5 parser, which means that you can load up an arbitrary piece of unpretty HTML with mismatched tags or other problems ("view source" on any web page), and his editor will happily display the block structure of the code. And his palette choices reflect an analysis he did by analyzing a crawl of of real-world use of HTML tags on the web: obscure rarely-used tags like <tbody> don't take up room in the palette - space is given to tags that are really used in practice. Read a paper about Saksham's work here. The final project was a collaboration between GSoC student Jeremy Ruten from the University of Saskatchewan, and summer students Amanda Boss from Harvard and Cali Stenson from Wellesley. They created an incredibly ambitious project to implement a "rewindable" debugger in Pencil Code. Although it is not quite ready for production yet, we are already using pieces of it in Pencil Code. You will see the debugger in coming months! On the right is a bit of a preview of some of the new debugging features to come. From the screenshot, you can see three features of the new debugger: it shows which line is running; it automatically shows variable state next to relevant lines fo code; and it allows you to "step forward" or "rewind" your code. From the screenshot, you cannot yet see some of the other tricks the debugger can play: it draws arrows to show control flow loops and recursive function calls; it it allows you to drag the slider back and forth as the program runs; it draws turtles in the output window to show the state of the output; and, marvelously, it works on any Coffeescript or Javascript program, including programs that directly use the DOM or other APIs. A lot of the magic in the debugger is due to Jeremy's tracing transpiler, which he has put into github under the pencil-tracer project. Jeremy's transpiler processes code in those two languages and outputs transformed code that includes tracing instrumentation calls at every line. For examples of how it transforms code, you can check out Jeremy and Amanda and Cali's writeup of their debugging work. Did I mention that the three of them are students? And they built this rewindable debugger over one summer? As you can see - our students contributed incredible projects this summer. They all made improvements that will make a real difference as we use Pencil Code to bring computer science to the next generation of students. We'd like you to participate If you are interested in bringing some of this cool work into your classroom, join our discussion group by signing up at we have teachers from elementary school to college, from Texas to Singapore. And if you'd like to make an open-source contribution, check out for project ideas, and join the teaching discussion group: that is also the area where our open source contributors hang out. We are grateful to Google for supporting the summer open-source program: Google's support is valuable not just for the money for the students, but because Google is really effective at bringing amazing students together with open-source projects. We hope the summer was as interesting for our students as it was productive for our project. We look forward to our students' continued involvement in the Pencil Code community. Thank you! David Bau Changes to Math Functions We are making changes to some of the math functions, in particular the trigonometric and logarithmic functions. To do that we also need to rename the existing log function, used for debugging. Pencil Code is being used for more and more things! One area we looked at recently was use of the trigonometric functions. Those are cos, sin, tan, and their inverse forms, acos, acos, atan, and atan2. Those functions are useful for dealing with angles, such as when doing turtle geometry. Turtle turns are expressed in units of degrees, so it helps that the trig functions measure angles in degrees. When you learn trigonometry in high school and beyond, measurement of angles switches to radians. Some Pencil Code users have figured out that the underlying Javascript Math library has trig functions in radians. We noticed that many Pencil Code programs use Math.cos, Math.sin, and so on. Both degrees and radians are useful, for different types of programs. We have decided to incorporate both forms of the trig functions directly into Pencil Code, and make a clear distinction between them. In doing so, we follow the lead of mathematical languages such as Fortran, MatLab, and Wolfram Alpha. cosd, sind, tand, acosd, asind, and atand will operate in degrees, and cos, sin, tan, acos, asin, and atan will operate in radians. cosine sine tangent arccosine arcsine arctangent degrees cosd sind tand acosd asind atand radians cos sin tan acos asin atan One further change we're making is to remove atan2. Of course, that function is very useful, so we're incorporating what it does into atan and atand. If you provide two arguments to atan or atand, they will act like atan2 or atan2d would act. You can think of atan and atand as being 2-argument functions, where the second argument defaults to 1: atan = (y, x = 1) -> ... atand = (y, x = 1) -> ... So we're changing the behavior of the old trig functions. They used to operate in degrees, and now operate in radians. To minimize the impact of this change, we have modified most of your existing programs that use old trig functions, to use the new degrees forms. Those modified programs should continue to work, just as before. There were a few programs where we weren't sure what to do. We left those alone. We did not change existing uses of the Math. forms of the trig functions. But if you wanted to, you could switch to the shorter names, and your program will continue to work as it did. Another change we will make (not yet, but soon) involves the logarithmic functions, ln and log10. We will remove them and replace them with a single log function that takes an optional second argument. If you call log with a single argument, the function will return the natural logarithm, just as the existing ln function does now. If you supply a second argument, it specifies the base of the logarithm. So log(x, 10) will return the log base 10, just as log10(x) would now. But as you can imagine, you can use other numbers for the base, as needed for your problem. For example, log(x, 2) might be useful for figuring out how many bits are needed to encode a number in binary. Unfortunately, log is currently a function useful for printing things while you're debugging. To prepare for the upcoming change, we have added a new function, debug, which will do the debug printing that log currently does. For now, log still exists and will do what it has been doing, but it will be noted as deprecated. We have modified your existing programs that use log to use debug instead. Some of you figured out that you could use the Javascript console.log function to do this debug printing. That will continue to work, and we did not change those uses. For now we have left uses of ln and log10 intact. We will change those when we change log to be the logarithm function, instead of the debugging function. Enjoy the new, expanded set of math functions, to do even more great things with Pencil Code! Bob Cassels Why "Pencil"? Pencil Code gave a popular workshop at the CSTA 2015 conference in Texas a few days ago. In an email afterwards, one attendee commented "Incredible updates to Pencil Code including an HTML web publishing option.... session was packed - there were people sitting on the floor!" At CSTA we got a chance to work with teachers from around the country, as well as groups like CodeHS and Codesters who are developing really interesting new tools and educational material. Our CSTA presentation is available here. At the session, teachers got to work with Pencil Code hands-on, and that presentation includes links to the materials we used. One question came up: "Why is it called Pencil Code?" Our project is named after the pencil because we are inspired by the history of that writing instrument. We think of the pencil as a classroom tool, something simple enough for a young child. But it was not always this way. The original graphite pencil was an expensive technical implement, a square stick of carbon sawn from a graphite mine in England. Rare and fragile, it was used by draftsmen and architects who valued its precise, dry dark line. Centuries of innovation made the pencil more accessible: through the ingenuity of many inventors, the pencil has acquired a round wooden case, cheap and consistent clay-hardened lead, the attached rubber eraser, and pencil sharpeners. It is this history of innovation which has allowed the pencil to displace the inkwell and pen as the first writing tool for students. And yet the pencil remains a favorite instrument for adult writers, architects and mathematicians. Can the technical tools used by computer scientists evolve like the pencil? Pencil Code tries to begin to answer that question. It is designed to be flexible and simple enough to loved by both beginners and pros. When using Pencil Code, advanced coders are comfortable typing in Javascript, Coffeescript, and HTML: standard languages that pros use every day. But beginners can edit those same languages with drag-and-drop, manipulating color-coded blocks. Pencil Code bridges the worlds by allowing users to transform their programs between blocks and text freely. Like a pencil, Pencil Code is designed to be a low-threshold high-ceiling tool. Our turtle library is an extension of jQuery, a design that is convenient for both beginners and pros. We include, which makes it possible to solve the very advanced problem of realtime communications with a very beginner-friendly six lines of code. A lot of work remains to be done to try to match the power and simplicity of a pencil. This year, contributors have created instructional cards and improved ergaonomics for beginners; and we are working on adding more advanced facilities such as python, libraries like p5, and databases. We have an online Slack group where contributors and edcuators gather. If you would like to use Pencil Code in your classroom or contribute to the open-source project, please join us, and add your name at David Bau Notes from IDC A brief note from the IDC 2015 conference, which is just wrapping up in Boston, hosted at Tufts. There was a lot of interesting goings-on at the conference, including a fascinating workshop on Every Child A Coder? organized by Kate Howland, Judith Good, and Judy Robertson. There we wrestled with the question of universal computer science education, bringing child development specialists toether with computer scientists to think through an approach to introducing appropriate computational concepts and practices at all ages. The workshop was an opportunity to meet a number of other teachers and researchers with overlapping interests, including Jeremiah Blanchard, who is intersested in extending Pencil Code to support python for his college classrooms. In the main workshop, a lot of fascinating work was presented. The paper that interested me most was David Weintrop's To Block or not to Block, which analyzed perceptions of high school students toward block programming as they took a programming class. Under different conditions, the class mixed blocks and text programming in different ways. David has been carefully pulling apart the ways in which students find blocks valuable - for example, he has found that there may be more value in the browsability and the compsability of the blocks, rather than the natural-language labels in the blocks. He has also found that student perceptions of the value of blocks change as they advance through the class, and as they move to text programming. Anthony's Droplet work, which is the dual-mode block-and-text editor used in Pencil Code, is right at the center of these discussions. Since Pencil Code allows students to freely switch between blocks and text, it raises the question of whether perceived hurdles and differences between blocks and text can be smoothed out. It is a pleasure to be able to benefit from the insights that David Weintrop has been uncovering, and we are excited to be working with him to use Pencil Code as a research platform for his research. Coding in the Humanities I just finished up helping with a 3-day professional development workshop for Beaver Country Day teachers. At the workshop, teachers created concepts for coding projects using Pencil Code in their non-computer-science classrooms. Each teachers imagined coding exercises they might use in their own classrooms, and then they traded exercises with each other, playing student and creating a bit of code to do the assignment and explore the concept. For example, one art assignment was to explore proportions of human faces, and as a "student project", teacher Kimberly McCabe created this clever web app that lets you place two eyes, a nose, and a mouth, then click again to compare your ideas to an actual human skull. If you try her program, be sure to click five times: after placing the eyes, nose, and mouth, a fifth click will reveal the skull, and you can see where your perceptions of proportions may differ from reality. Kim was not an experienced coder, but the idea of the workshop was to let teachers like Kim work in a space at Google with engineers who could help with computer science tips such as how to use variables or conditionals to put together a sequence of clicks. Bob Cassells coordinated several of Google engineers to volunteer with the group, and Rob MacDonald and Meerah Shah organized the teachers. Beaver Country Day school is a unique institution to work with on computer science education, because they are implementing an idea they call the Coded Curriculum where teachers are incorporating some coding into every class across their curriculum, in both STEM and non-STEM subjects. This event was organized by Beaver, but it follows a similar theme to the Pencil Code hackathon series we hosted in 2014, which was attended by teachers from many schools around New England. Some ideas from those workshops have been particularly memorable - for example, English teacher Whitney McKnight came up with the idea of exploring Shakespeare by having students create interactive chatbots that play the part of a character, say, Lady MacBeth, an interesting twist on the computer science idea of the Turing Test. The notes from previous hackathons are raw, but they are worth a look. Bob, Rob, and Meerah are working to collect together materials from this most recent workshop.
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Follow by Email Saturday, December 6, 2008 Imaging Resource: "M1 Diary" by Editor Mike Pasini Click here to read entire review with recommendation excerpt from Imaging Resource, by Mike Pasini, One question we get repeatedly goes like this. "I've just retired and I've got a lot of old slides and negatives I want to digitize. What scanner do you recommend?" And, of course, we don't recommend a scanner at all. Figure an hour for every roll of film and, well, you retired too late. If the tedium doesn't kill you, something else will. Some enterprising readers have written to describe their inventions for shooting slides with a dSLR. We envy a few of them (and have asked for the rig since they obviously have no further use for it). This approach has the advantage of being quick with excellent quality, even if the color is interpolated (which it is not with a scanner). But building that kind of rig is beyond most of us. So we recommend having a professional lab like ScanMyPhotos ( scan your film to DVD. They have the gear to do it quickly and well (and cheaply, too). Then, if you want to enjoy your retirement, you can but an M1 (to pick a film scanner at random) and work on a handful or so of your favorite images.
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Quite flat walls are rarely found in apartments. This disadvantage is primarily concerned with old houses, however, modern new buildings are often sinful as well. Eliminate such irregularities can help… Continue reading → Repair in the children's room: what to look for? From an early age, every child needs personal space - a room where he can feel comfortable, enjoy playing, without disturbing his parents. The children's room with their own hands… Continue reading → Today, the demand for wooden houses is constantly increasing, and this is not surprising. Natural wood is an environmentally friendly natural material that maintains the desired microclimate in the room,… Continue reading → The issue of alignment of the walls is relevant for anyone who is faced with repairs. This problem concerns both old houses and new buildings, since at the present time ideally smooth surfaces are extremely rare. This is due to the fact that color wallpaper or tile was used to decorate earlier, but today decorative plaster and the use of dyeing technology are becoming popular, which further emphasizes unevenness. Align the walls of the beacons Plastering works are quite expensive, so the most acceptable option for the family budget is to align the walls with beacons. In this article you will find detailed answers to all questions related to the application of this method. Preparing walls for leveling First of all, you must first prepare the wall surface. In apartments, there is often a phenomenon when one of the edges of the wall is slightly below its remaining parts. This problem is easy to solve, it is enough to bring the problem areas to a general level. It is much more difficult to level the surface with many different defects – cracks, gouges, depressions and bumps. Preparation of leveling mortar Preparation of the wall is carried out in several stages: Determination of unstable places and voids with a chisel. Removal of old paint and treatment of problem areas with antiseptic. Grouting all chips and large cracks. Cleaning the wall from debris and dust. Applying a primer, which is a binder for the upper layers of the old coating. Thorough drying of the wall surface. What are lighthouses? Lighthouses, designed to align the walls, are a kind of zero level, which must be reached upon completion of work. They may have a different appearance, with the most often used: Aluminum or galvanized perforated profile. Gypsum cakes. Lighthouses from alabaster mixture. Using steel beacons to align walls Before starting work, it is necessary to lay a zero line with a plumb line. As a rule, it is outlined near the internal angle, from which it is necessary to measure 10–20 cm in advance. After that, self-tapping screws or dowels are screwed into the wall surface with a step of 15 cm. Next, a nylon cord is fixed on the ceiling with a weight slightly touching the heads of the screws. With respect to caps, a certain amount of gypsum mix is ​​applied. After checking the level of the line on the beacons should be strictly vertically. Installation of metal beacons A simpler method is the installation of metal profiles with a length of 250-300 cm. They are placed in a solution previously deposited on the surface. It is best suited for this product of aluminum T-shaped, which are not susceptible to rust and, therefore, can remain in the wall after its plastering. In the case of galvanized profiles, they are recommended to pull out after the completion of plastering. How to apply plaster? The finished mixture is distributed between the pre-installed beacons. It is most convenient to plaster the plaster with a trowel on the wall. Each smear is fixed on the wall surface, for which the solution is slightly rubbed with a spatula. The process of aligning the wall surface In the process of work you need to constantly check the flatness of the resulting coating. Aligned areas should serve as a guide for the rest of the wall. For finishing door and window openings, it is recommended to use special metal corners, which will make the surface more durable. In any rooms and apartments, the person’s gaze involuntarily sinks to the floor. This is due to the natural human reflex, since looking at your feet is one of the… How to combine the kitchen and dining room in a small apartment? The classic layout of the room suggests that the cooking place is separated from the dining room - rooms for eating, holding buffets and feasts. But modern rooms are so… Stretch ceiling. Installation, care Residents of high-rise buildings are always haunted by the fear of being flooded by their neighbors from above, but with the advent of stretch ceilings, these concerns are a thing… Top 10 mistakes when repairing kitchen: how to avoid them? Errors in the repair are inevitable, but sometimes they are in the smallest details that do not affect the level of comfort, and sometimes become a real disaster. It is…
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an interview to inspire: Jesse & MS I recently found out that my friend, Jesse Lee from high school was diagnosed with MS. I don't know alot about MS and saw an opportunity to learn about the disease and share it with others. Jesse is a really cool guy (and funny) so when I found out about him and MS, I was really interested to learn more. Below is my interview with Jesse. Please read it. I assure you it will touch your heart and inspire you. You can donate too MS and help Jesse raise money for the cause here or by following the links below. Did you have symptoms, how did you know? The first two symptoms I encountered were numbness in my fingers and face and blurry vision in one eye. It was in the summer of 2007 while playing baseball. I have always been a good athlete and all of a sudden I was missing fly balls because of my blurry vision and the numbness caused my coordination to be off. I contacted my Doctor who originally gave me eye drops. Once the eye drops didn’t work I was sent for an MRI. When did you find out you had MS? After my first MRI came back and showed some lesions on the brain, a neurologist that I was referred to said there was a possibility that I had MS and sent me for more tests and a second MRI. The results of those tests confirmed I did in fact have MS and I was officially diagnosed in March of 2008. This was a very frustrating time because as you can see it took almost a year to diagnose and so much uncertainty was surrounding while other symptoms started to arrive and get worse. These other symptoms included; loss of balance, poor short term memory and other cognitive problems, depression, extreme fatigue, itchiness, nerve pain, bowel and bladder problem in which I was hospitalized a few times. How has MS affected you physically? In addition to the symptoms described above, my physical problems such as the loss of balance and blurry vision have forced me to quit playing baseball and hockey because it has become dangerous for me to participate in these sports. I have also always had physical jobs and am currently unable to work due to these reasons. I temporarily went back to school to work in an office setting, but my lack of short term memory and other cognitive problems made it extremely difficult to follow simple instructions. MS is also a very unpredictable disease in which symptoms come and go and therefore an individual living with MS may be able to work at some times and not at others. I also used to help my Grandmother with many physical tasks around her house and I am now very limited in the help I can give her. How has MS affected you emotionally? This disease has affected me emotionally in many ways. Initially, I became very angry and depressed. The fact that there is still no cure for MS made it difficult to have any hope for the future. I also felt cheated. I am still very young and was angry that so much had been taken away from me. How has MS affected your relationship with others? MS has affected my relationship with others in both positive and negative ways. The relationships with the people closest to me such as my family and my girlfriend have grown much stronger as we have learned to value the important things in life. On the other hand, MS has made me feel very isolated as I have lost contact with many friends who I no longer see as I don’t participate in the sports and other activities I once did. They also seem to be afraid to address the subject and therefore choose to avoid it and me.What do you want people to know about MS? I want people to know that 1 in 2 Canadians knows someone with MS, which means that this is significant problem. I want them to read my story and be able to put a face with the disease. I also want them to know that so much research is currently going on that is dramatically improving the lives of individuals with MS. Much progress has occurred in even the last 10 years, so you really are making a difference when you donate. How has your life changed since your diagnosis? I can no longer work. I have lost some friends. I now have to take a disease modifying drug which consists of a daily injection along with a bunch of other medications and vitamins. I have had to move in with my grandparents as disability does not provide enough money to financially support myself any longer. What do you want other people to know about your life? I want people to know that this is a very tiring disease and every day is a struggle. I want people to know that this terrible disease can ambush you in the prime of your life and dramatically change your current life and your future plans in a very short period of time. Despite that, I have learned that this situation has made me a stronger person. Who can get MS/what causes MS? MS does not discriminate; pretty much anyone can get MS. MS is believed to be an autoimmune disease where the body’s own immune system attacks itself. There is still no definitive answer as to what causes MS but there are demographics that more commonly get MS. MS is more commonly diagnosed in individuals living in parts of the world where there are less hours of sunlight (Canada has one of the highest rates in the world), individuals between the age of 18 and 40 (although, children and teens are now being diagnosed in much higher rates), and individuals with a northern European background. But people outside these demographics still get MS. Some theories on what causes MS include a vitamin D deficiency (the vitamin in sunlight) and a virus contracted in childhood. Neither of these theories have been confirmed or rejected which is why donating to research is so important. How can people support your cause? You can support my cause by visiting my fundraising page and pledging me in the 2009 MS Walk, donating to the MS Society of Canada once the walk is over, or signing up for the MS Walk in your city and raising more money and awareness to find a cure. How do you inspire others? Instead of being angry and depressed I have decided to focus my energy on positive activities such as participating in the MS Walk. I actively pursue pledges so that I can make a difference for the future of those affected by MS. I also try to show those people who have stuck around how much I appreciate them and try not to take anything for granted.
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The Song of Songs 5:1 The Lover to His Beloved: 5:1 I have entered my garden, O my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my balsam spice. I have eaten my honeycomb and my honey; I have drunk my wine and my milk! The Poet to the Couple: Eat, friends, and drink! Drink freely, O lovers! The Song of Songs 5:16 5:16 His mouth is very sweet; he is totally desirable. This is my beloved! This is my companion, O maidens of Jerusalem!
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back to overview The Biblical Understanding of Giving 21.05.2019, Daniel Glimm God longs for us, as His kingdom people, to walk on His ways and cultivate His high thoughts in us. This allows us to receive blessings from Him in order to become what He has prepared for us (see Isaiah 55:8-9 i.c.w. 1 Corinthians 2:9). Isaiah 55:8-9: 1 Corinthians 2:9: In this regard, it is important that we progress and focus on the promises of God, which are connected with increase, abundance and prosperity (note: in the form of multifaceted wealth in spirit, soul and body). If we do not constantly renew our minds and adopt a mindset to reach that fullness of God, we can be captured in old mindsets and not progress in God's cycle of blessing (see Romans 12:2 i.c.w. Ephesians 4:23). Romans 12:2: Ephesians 4:23: 23 And be renewed in the spirit of your mind; … That's why we should: Poverty Creates an Atmosphere! It is the spirit of poverty that is destined by Satan to surround the sphere of authority of the saints to create lack. Whatever the intensity and nature of this Spirit's attempt is to influence the lives of saints, it is important to be aware that the atmosphere of poverty must be filled with the atmosphere of blessing and glory of heaven, in order to displace poverty. It was, for example, Noah who found favor in the eyes of God, so that heaven and earth were rearranged in the days of his life (see Genesis 6:8). Genesis 6:8: 8 But Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord. Noah's life shows us that we can find favor with God, so that heaven influences our atmosphere and thus poverty is defeated. The result is that we see God's glory in our lives and are able to walk in it. => The walk in the glory of God includes life in the power and glory of God, which testify to His favor and grace. This is about the glory of the Heavenly Father, His prestige, His power and His blessing. The glory given by the Father has the purpose that we as sons of God be made or established as important persons “with weight” in the spiritual realm. His glory (note: presence of the Father) automatically brings an increase in every area, because earthly wealth and prosperity have their seat in the spiritual world. Furthermore, God's glory is an automatic storage place of the anointing. <= (note: The text set in “=>” is based on an explanation from the “Prophet's Dictionary” by Paula A. Price, Ph. D.; page 237.) Therefore it is essential that the body of Christ is experiencing restoration in the area of provision! This restoration is always connected with multiplication, so that the concerned believers undo their debts and past financial defeats in life. It is necessary to break the demonic influence where the spirit of poverty is present in the generational bloodline of believers and where it tries to keep the economy of believers captive so that they are unable to enter into the fullness of God's predestined prosperity. It is the Lord who breaks the beggar mentality in His people and turns them into people of faith (see Acts 3:2-8). Acts 3:2-8: This means that the identity of His people will change from a beggar to a king! It is important that we ask the Holy Spirit to reveal poverty, and also to reveal the way and strategy of poverty in order to stop this influence of darkness in our lives. The Anointing of the Tribe of Issachar The anointing of the tribe of Issachar can help us, which is connected with the discernment of the times/seasons and reveals how and when we can invest into the kingdom of God (see 1 Chronicles 12:32). 1 Chronicles 12:32: … 32 from Issachar, men who understood the times and knew what Israel should do – 200 chiefs, with all their relatives under their command; … => In short, the sons of Issachar know how to keep the door of time open in this way so that the things that are being revealed can bee seen and be caused to manifest. It is about the invasion of eternity into time. This is what the Bible talks about when it says, “in the fullness of time” or “on the Lord’s day.” (see Luke 9:51; Mark 1:15; Galatians 4:4; Revelation 1:10) Luke 9:51: Mark 1:15: Galatians 4:4 (Jewish New Testament): … 4 but when the appointed time arrived, God sent forth his Son. He was born from a woman, born into a culture in which legalistic perversion of the Torah was the norm, … Revelation 1:10: It were the tribes of Issachar and Zebulon who were called to bring in the riches as to help to offer righteous sacrifices from a place of vision (see Deuteronomy 33:18-19). Deuteronomy 33:18-19: 18 About Zebulun he said: “Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out (note: international), and you, Issachar, in your tents (note: regional). As a son, Issaschar received the blessing from his father Jacob to be a donkey with a strong skeleton capable of recognizing the place of rest and carrying burdens (see Genesis 49:14-15). Genesis 49:14-15: 14 “Issachar is a rawboned (note: strong) donkey lying down among the sheep pens. Thus Issaschar is able to know the times and the place of God's rest, in order to act out of the glory of God (note: the tent; see Deuteronomy 33:18 i.c.w. Exodus 40:34-35) and to guide the people of God through the phase of transition with a right biblical mindset of prosperity (note: the economy of the kingdom). Such a transition of the renewing of the mind is emphasized by the scripture from Matthew 21:1-11, where in the metaphorical sense the “donkey Issachar” entered into a new economic thinking of the kingdom of God. The reason is that through the apostolic instruction of the Son of God, the “donkey” went from the area of the village into the momentum of the eternal kingship of Jesus Christ and together with Him finally moved to the eternal capital city Jerusalem. It should be noted here that a city has more inhabitants than a village and a greater economic capacity (see Matthew 21:1-2.4-7.10). Matthew 21:1-2.4-7.10: 4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet (see Zechariah 9:9): 5 “Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’ ” 6 The disciples went and did as Jesus had instructed them. It is God's intention that we listen to the sons of Issachar in order to proceed with a better understanding of the economy of His kingdom and enter into a larger economy for ourselves. Therefore it is crucial to have the willingness to leave a limited understanding of the economy of the kingdom behind (note: giving without knowing/respecting the biblical times and seasons of God) when Jesus Christ as eternal king calls to a greater realm of His kingdom economy (note: extravagant giving by knowing the times and seasons of God). The Gold and Kingdom Ministry It is important to acknowledge that to do kingdom ministry money is important. We cannot do it without “gold”. This is evident by the fact that God secured the economy within the garden of Eden through the main river with its four rivers, where the first river Pishon was linked to pure gold, aromatic resin and onyx gemstones (see Genesis 2:11-12). Genesis 2:11-12: Also Jesus’ beginning ministry on earth was linked to gold and aromatic resin that was given by the Magi (see Matthew 2:10-11). Matthew 2:10-11: 10 When they saw the star, they were overjoyed. Later Jesus’ ministry got provided among other things by prominent women (see Luke 8:2-3). Luke 8:2-3: Even after the ascension of Jesus, the ministry of the apostles was supported by wealthy and prominent people (see Acts 4:34-37 i.c.w. Acts 17:12) Acts 4:34-37: Acts 17:12: These biblical scriptures clarify that wealth is going to be important for the next move of God. The Call of Issachar and Heavenly Investing Issachar calls the people to the mountain in order to make sacrifices. These sacrifices are a heavenly trade in the eyes of God which is done by the spirit without an earthly view investing by emotion. Issachar calls the people to trade at a different and higher level. Trading at a higher level means not giving based on emotions, but giving in the way Abraham did. He was willing to give his son out of obedience and therefore received from God a ram instead (see Genesis 22:1-2.9-13). Genesis 22:1-2.9-13: This higher realm of sacrifice, is the level where saints from the position as kings (note: by the blood of the Lamb; see Revelation 1:5-6) give their investment before God as a sacrifice. To “trade” at a higher level means to invest with the right emotional attachment which is by obedience as an expression of love towards God (see John 14:23 i.c.w. Matthew 6:24). John 14:23: Matthew 6:24: 24 “No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money (note: Mammon => the love of money). Giving the right sacrifice/investment is based on the understanding of times and seasons like Issachar in order to create eternal “wealth” in accordance to God’s will (see Matthew 6:19-21). Matthew 6:19-21: God commanded Israel among other things to sacrifice during the New Moon (note. Rosh Chodesh; see Numbers 28:11-15) and to sacrifice specifically when the star systems were in particular constellations (note: linked to the biblical feasts – Passover/Spring => Aries/the ram (lamb) = sacrifice/love of the Father, Shavuot – Summer => Gemini (2 tablets/Torah given on Sinai) = standard/order of God/ God’s value system, Sukkot – Autumn => Libra (the scales) = justice and righteousness of God) because it is the way of creating a capacity to align with what is coming and being transferred to the earth. <= (note: The text set in “=>” is based on an explanation from the book “Hashamayim 1A” by Dr. A. Ogbonnaya) The Book of the Prophet Malachi The book of Malachi is one of the books of transition that we can find in the Bible. When this book was written, the people of God became possessed. This form of possession involves being excessively concerned with trying to change something, but never really experiencing the fruit of change. It focuses on one aspect of a different example, but never recognizes the whole form. Such a state of obsession is caused by religious spirits. In one way or another, at the time of Malachi, people had a form of piety, but they had lost the real understanding of God's heart. It is the heart of God that is closely linked to the mentality of giving and servant-hood, because giving is linked to worship (see John 3:16 i.c.w. Luke 6:38; Matthew 23:11). John 3:16: Luke 6:38: Matthew 23:11: 11 The greatest among you will be your servant. Accordingly, it is important to know that Jesus Christ, the son of righteousness, cannot rise in us if we are not willing to give our part to God. If we don't give according to the biblical standard, then we don't truly worship God, the Father. This means that we cannot get into our new portion of promise if we rob Him of His portion (see Malachi 3:8). Malachi 3:8: 8 Is it right for a man to deceive God as you deceive me? But you say, “With what do we deceive you? With the tithe and the offering! …” God gave us His best with His Son Jesus Christ and therefore we should respond to Him and give Him our best with gratitude. This message should encourage us to enter into a new understanding of the dimension of giving. There are five different ways of giving, as follows: 1. First fruits. Consider your given blessing and give a part to the Lord. Look at the best part you can give Him. In this context, celebrate the beginning of the biblical months (note: Rosh Chodesh; see Numbers 28:11-15). 2. The tithe. The tithe was an established covenant practice in the ‘Old Covenant’. In the ‘New Covenant’ Jesus Christ Himself used the concept of the tithe to show people where the treasure of their heart was. He turned to the Pharisees and said that the tithe was the least they could do and that they would do it according to the law. However, they lacked most righteousness and grace (see Matthew 23:23). 3. Alms. Every saint should help those who are less privileged. If you invest with alms, it is guaranteed that you will get help when you are in need (see Matthew 6:3-4). 4. Special and memorial sacrifices. This kind of investment expresses the remembrance to the Lord because of the good that God has done to you in the past. It is an expression of the giver to the Lord, that he hasn’t been forgotten by God (see Psalm 103:2). The investment of the gift can be based on principles and personal experiences, which are confirmed, for example, in a sermon, in order to express one's gratitude to God. 5. The last form of giving is the generous/extravagant giving Paul speaks of. In 2 Corinthians 9:6-11, Paul says in an analogously sense, “Here’s my point. A stingy sower will reap a meager harvest, but the one who sows from a generous spirit will reap an abundant harvest. Let giving flow from your heart, not from a sense of religious duty. Let it spring up freely from the joy of giving – all because God loves hilarious generosity! Yes, God is more than ready to overwhelm you with every form of grace, so that you will have more than enough of everything – every moment and in every way. He will make you overflow with abundance in every good thing you do. Just as the Scriptures say about the one who trusts in him.: Because he has sown extravagantly and given to the poor, his kindness and generous deeds will never be forgotten. This generous God who supplies abundant seed for the farmer, bread for our meals, is even more extravagant toward you. First He supplies every need, plus more. Then He multiplies the seed, so that the harvest of your generosity will grow. You will be abundantly enriched in every way as you give generously on every occasion, for when we take your gifts to those in need, it causes many to give thanks to God.” (note: This message is based on a teaching from the prayer letter of Chuck D. Pierce with the title “Prove Me Now!” from February 2019.) Amen and Amen. In His Wisdom, Daniel Glimm
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A Glorious Holiness As we continue to explore the relationship between holiness and liturgy, I want us to remember why we’re doing it: we want to glorify God in everything, and we delight in things that help us glorify God better and more fully along the lines that He has laid out for us. We’re asking the question, “Why do we worship this way?” and trying to establish that the best answer is that this form of liturgy, this way of worshiping God, is the way that His Word reveals to us. If this is how God has instructed us to worship, then we can be confident that this is the kind of worship that brings God the most glory, and will bring us the most joy. The way worship brings God glory is two-fold: first, obedience brings God glory, as we acknowledge Him to be our Lord, the Father whom we obey. Obedience is an act of worship wherever it occurs, but especially when it occurs in the context of the Church’s gathered worship. Second, worship brings God glory as we are transformed by worshiping in humble obedience into the image of Christ. God is most glorified in the obedience of His Son Jesus, and so our obedience becomes more glorious when it looks more like His. God is glorified when image-bearers reflect His glory, and worshiping God’s way renews the image of God in man that was shattered and broken when Adam fell. When image-bearers who reflect God’s glory fill the earth, then God’s glory fills the earth. Because of sin, and because we are not yet what we will be, we bear the glory of God imperfectly. Having been transferred from the kingdom of darkness into the kingdom of light, Christians really do shine with God’s glory. We are the light of the world. But because of sin, we are flickering lights, matches, candles, and not yet stars or suns. But as we grow in holiness, we are changing from glory to glory, and the light of glory grows and spreads across the world. This is why the way we worship is so important. The way we worship shapes us, and if our worship is juvenile, or casual, or simplistic, we will end up being marked by those characteristics, instead of being described as mature, deep, and holy. Only to the extent that our worship is mature and glorious will we actually see a mature and glorious holiness developing in our lives. Posted on Wednesday, June 20, 2012 by CJ Bowen
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Journal/Blog‎ > ‎ Dead Zoo posted Oct 2, 2010, 11:23 AM by Darren Cannell   [ updated Oct 2, 2010, 11:30 AM ] Today we went to the dead zoo, and there was lots of stuffed animals.  And they looked like they were real but they were dead and stuffed.  My favourite ones were the evil looking the lemurs, monkeys, and a really big fat one, a monkey of some sort, a real real big one and his face looked creepy.  And there was other animals like zebras and giraffes and crab and whale.
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3D Graphics Performance Comparison – Part 8 (KOMPAS-3D) << Part 7 When I did my initial comparison using the default graphics settings of each CAD system, I could not find a way to turn on edges in KOMPAS-3D when orbiting around the model. Slava Kashirsky from ASCON pointed me to an option hidden deep inside KOMPAS-3D’s options dialog box that allows just that. System > Model Editor > Reduction > Other > Disable “Half-tone, wireframe” mode. Slava tells me that KOMPAS-3D’s default graphics settings are just fine to get a good performance on large models. Here is a video. Quite good. This goes into the second category as well because the motion is not ultra smooth. For reference, here is the original video without the edges turned on. For default graphics settings this is what the display quality looks like. Pretty nice. Not too much jazz which just happens to be my personal preference. Click image for larger view Part 9 >>
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Saturday, August 1, 2015 For his opening remarks, Donald Trump will bite the head off of a live chicken.  He will then lean into his now blood spattered microphone and say, "I don't know about you, but it always bothered me that Alice Cooper didn't really do it. I am about REALLY DOING THINGS! And I will bite the head off of ANYTHING for my country!!" After a moment of stunned silence - Mike Huckabee will slap a wig on Marco Rubio - smear lipstick on his mouth and shove his tongue down Rubio's throat, while screaming, between kisses, "You MY "b-word" now Rubio!!!! (Huckabee refuses to curse, no matter what) Look at what a little "b-word" he is!!! right Donald??? You wanna kiss my little "b-word"???"  Rubio will struggle free and cry, "Hey! Cut it out Mike!!" and wipe off the lipstick. The moderator, Chuck Norris, will then ask the first question, because all time for more opening remarks has been used up. Chuck Norris will direct his first question to Governor Scott Walker. "If you could design your own "nuclear deal with Iran", as opposed to "the marching the Israelis into the ovens of the Holocaust" one that President Obama just made, what would it be?" But before Walker can answer Trump takes another bite of the still pulsating yet now headless chicken - and yells "My Deal Would Look Like this!!!!"  Feathers and little pieces of bone fly out of his mouth. The rest of the candidates all scream variations of "Blow 'em up!" "Nuke 'em all!!" "Kill!Kill!Kill!!" and the like. Before the next question can be asked - Chris Christie - in a panic - pulls down his pants and attempts to force Neurosurgeon Ben Carson to perform fellatio on him, but he underestimates Dr. Carson's fitness level. Carson deftly pushes the butt of his hand up Christie's nose, snapping his head back, breaking both his nose and his neck - he falls to the stage with a thud, twitching and bleeding. Carson calmly walks back to his podium and says quietly - "Ask me a question Chuck Norris ... I really want you to ask me a question. I know all of the answers. Ask me something." Chuck Norris, after checking with the producer, calls an ambulance and announces that the debate will pause while Governor Christie gets medical attention. Jeb Bush rushes over to Christie and tries to perform CPR but realizes that he doesn't know how.  Ted Cruz - who's been silent until now, pulls out two automatic weapons and threatens to blow away anyone who helps Christie. Trump calmly walks over - his mouth still bloody from the chicken, which he's eaten at least half of now - and says to Cruz, "Give me the guns Ted." Ted says, "OK, I'll give 'em to you" - and fires at Trump, round after round. The bullets enter his body and exit - blood pours out - but he just keeps checking his hair and laughing, not falling and not dying. Cruz is running out of ammunition. The others throw their weapons to him. ** (All debate participants were required to bring at least one loaded firearm). No matter how many times Cruz fires at Trump, he will not die. The debate finally ends - Fox's ratings are through the roof, and Americans, on the whole, feel that the debate really gave them a better idea of the candidates platforms and stances on various issues. However, all agree that they need to see more debates before making their final decision.  With Chris Christie dead, it is likely that Rick Perry will be able to join the next debate, and of course - the apparently unstoppable Donald Trump will continue to lead in the polls. Friday, June 26, 2015 Crank call .... #LoveWins #BigotsLose #MyMarriageIsSafe !! Peter just called me - he's out on tour so, you know, hasn't been home much lately. Then I nearly fainted, because he yelled into the phone. "I want a divorce!" "What??" I asked him why, and he said - "Because Gay People are getting Married - DUH !!!! That makes our marriage invalid!!!" -- but something about the call was funny. So I said, "... wait a minute ... you don't sound like Peter ... who is this??" -- Then I figured it out. It was Rush Limbaugh - Donald Trump ... and Sarah Palin. They sounded drunk, and were giggling and shushing each other. Then one of them - Limbaugh, I'm pretty sure, started to cry. He mumbled through tears "I have feelings for Antonin Scalia. I really love him! He has such beautiful eyes ..." At least I think that's what he said. It was hard to hear.  Then Sarah punched him in the arm and said "Shut Up fatty fathead! She's gonna know we're fakin'!" I recognized her voice of course. Then Trump made some kind of growling/fart noise, and I heard his hair moving (his hair is never really still - it's always slightly moving, like seaweed) so - I knew I was right. "Hey Sarah! Congratulations on your upcoming grand-baby!" I said, "You must be so exc... " But she hung up before I could finish. OH well. I'm glad Peter isn't divorcing me because of marriage equality.  And - I hope Bristol Palin won't have trouble keeping up with her busy "Abstinence Only" speeches schedule because of this new baby. I'm sure it'll be adorable! - (If it's a girl ... they're going to name her Thunk. Pogg if it's a boy. Thunk-Pogg if it's gender neutral or any other variant. ) Sunday, May 24, 2015 New Year's Resolutions - finally!! So - here we are. In the middle of 2015 - And I just really got in the mood for the whole "New Year's Resolution thing". I WAS going to do it when the actual "New Year" started - like ... Jan 1st (or by Jan 10th ... you get a 10 day grace period I think - or - if you're Catholic - you can hold out and fold it into that whole "Lent" thing" as in "I will give up being fat for Lent!" - or - "I will give up being lame for Lent!" - etc.) But I'm not Catholic so that's not what I did. Here's what I did. I knew I needed - and wanted - to make not just one, but SOME, New Year's Resolutions. I came up with some ideas. "Resolved" to do them. And then just went and did something else and never looked back. Until now. May!! May 23th actually (WTF???) But hey - we're not even 6 months into the year yet! So if I just make them Mid-Year's Resolutions instead of New Year's Resolutions, I'm not late at all, I'm early! Yeah!!! Here we go. I resolve to lose some weight and get in better shape! - yes - that "ye olde chestnute". I've made this even more achieveable by actually gaining some weight since Jan 1st - but lately - over the last 2 weeks, I have lost 4 pounds. (and no - I did not have a stomach flu) - so "check!" - weigh-loss get healthier thing -begun!! Next up - I resolve to  tidy-up my apartment! started yesterday - using that Japanese Kon-Mari method - from what I understand so far (I'm reading the book) - it involves keeping only objects that "spark joy" - and when you throw things away you "thank them for serving their purpose" and tell them that now "it's time for them to go". Also - we don't use that scary "O" word or the "C" word - organize! shudder. clean! gasp.  I'm just "tidying up"! So not scary!! In theory!! I resolve to write on my blog more - I'm doing it now!! And finally - I resolve to: get a handle on my finances and do more for my acting career including try stand-up or something like that?? also get that damned podcast up and running!! and finally -  find some pajamas I actually like! I believe the last one - the pajamas - might actually be the most difficult. Because everything is suddenly made of that hideous "cotton-knit" or "cotton-knit-blend" "crappy t-shirt" material"!!! Because it's cheaper than good old 100% cotton "lawn cloth" - "broad cloth"? - "not crap cloth"? or whatever they call it.  And that "crappy t-shirt" material doesn't work for gals who are larger than a "D-cup" - or have "curves" or have any "just plain actual fat" - because that "crappy t-shirt" material clings to everything and looks - well - crappy. So yes  - there they are. My Mid-Year's Resolutions. I feel good about them (except the pajama one) ... because I just kinda snuck up on em' by not declaring them until after I'd started doing them.Yay! Happy New Year 5 1/2months in!!! And don't be afraid to set your own Mid-Year Resolutions now!! Sunday, July 13, 2014 John Boehner - Drunk Diary - Friday, July 11th John Boehner shuffles into his study; home from a long, depressing day at work. He pours himself his 12th drink of the day. (Johnny Walker Black, neat, then sinks into his favorite chair. He places his iphone on the end table and hits record. "July 11, 2014 - Boehner here. Nothing much new. Suing the President. Which, yeah ... some people might call "new", but it's not. It's just a continuation of the general demeaner of what we've been doing all along. It's our mission. Our Modus Operandi. Our "Flag" around which we must rally. Not because we want to, but because, like all good soldiers, we have no choice. And people wonder why I cry.   (he sinks deeper into his chair, moaning, head in hands as his shoulders start to shake. Tears come, then stop suddenly, as if too tired to continue the journey down his face. He sits up a little straighter and sips his drink.  ""Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!" I know!! We said we'd do "Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!" God I want to do "Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!" But just like how you have to prime a room before you paint it - prime a pump before you pump it - prime an eye-lid before you put make-up on it (... according to my wife. I don't know about things like that, except what I hear from my wife.) Anyway. We had to focus on first things first. And the primer our national eyelid needs is to make sure that President Barack Hussein Obama fails. "Fail! Fail! Fail!" Before "Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!" And we've done pretty well making him fail - or almost fail - or at least not make as much progress as he could have. And believe you me, if we could have gotten Bin Laden safely out of there before those Navy Seals got to him we would have. Obama should NOT have that notch in his belt buckle! But - you win some you lose some and he won that one. And he's had a couple of other "wins" too. Like passing that damned ObamaCare even though we did everything in our power, and I mean everything, to stop it. And we're not going to stop trying to stop it by the way. No matter what. And let's see ... what else ... well he got reelected! That's a "win". Damn it. Goddamn, frickin' lily-livered-loser prep-school-pooper-scooper Mitt Romney. Mormon! Moron! Mormon Moron! I coulda won that election if they'd let me run. I didn't really say I wanted to run but nobody asked me either and they shoulda asked me. And I woulda, coulda, wanna wanna ... He stares into space, not crying exactly, but making a sound somewhere between a mumble and a sigh. Wistful, then angry, he jerks upright and drains his glass then refills it. You think I like this shit? I don't like this shit! Trying to make the President of America fail? That doesn't even sound American! I've always supported the other Presidents. Even when those Presidents weren't Republican. Or even if we didn't exactly "support" 'em. Jeezus. We've never attacked a President the way we're attackin' this one. Rachel Maddow and all those other liberal Lucys and Larrys have been sayin' it all along! Hey! Score! You Got it! We're out to make this guy FAIL. We want to wipe that smile off of his handsome bi-racial Muslim-even-if-he-says-he's-not-either-way-it-doesn't-really-matter-we-still-hate-him (but not because he's black) face! Reasonable moderate son of a bitch! ACH! Compromising! Always compromising! My God! He modeled his stupid healthcare thingie on our ideas! He thought we wouldn't have the nerve - the temerity - THE BALLS to oppose our very own ideas?? Don't underestimate us you friendly frickin' bastard. Do not. Underestimate us Smiley Smilington ... with your pretty wife with her gorgeous arms and nice personality. Goddamn it. OH my gosh we hate him so much. He is so, SO bad for America!! What's so bad about him?? OH brother! I can't even remember because there are so many BAD THINGS I can't even keep up with 'em! I don't even have time to answer you, ya see?? Trust me. He's a stinky stinkeroo! ... and I'm a drinky drinkeroo - a stinkeroozy drinkeroozy ... he mumbles again, tries to get up but falls back into his chair.  God he's a handsome frickin' friendly moderate Benghazi bastardy bastard.  Bastardoodleydoodoodleydoo Cacadoodley doo. Caca doo Benghazi ... Boehner's head drops down to his chest, he snores, softly. Friday, April 11, 2014 "She Will Be Missed ... " Governor Mike Huckabee, Biblical literalist and host of the new Fox ultra-fundamentalist game show "I'll be Damned?? Oh no - YOU'LL be Damned!", reasserted this morning that he was not a "hater" - and has nothing against gay people. "It's not my fault..." he added, "... that the gays are just really very High-Level Sinners® whose sins cause God to rain down his wrath in the form of mass shootings, floods, earthquakes and all sorts of other things, possibly including global warming if I were to believe in that which I do not." He then expressed regret (but did not apologize) for stoning his wife to death last night, after catching her at Red Lobster, wearing a polyester blend and eating from the Endless Shrimp® menu. "It's God's law, not mine..." he said, shaking his head. When asked if he couldn't have just cut off her hand or something, he replied, ruefully, "I wish ... but that's just not what the Bible says." By all indications, his wife, also a staunch Biblical Literalist - supported his decision, and even helped him gather the stones. "She was always one to help ..." said Myrtle Parks, a childhood friend who attended the stoning, "... and quite the Bible-reader too. Don't know how she managed to forget the part about not eatin' shrimp and the blended fabrics thing.  It's right there in black and white!" Sunday, November 10, 2013 Oven Hash! (for Special Breakfast!) I love breakfast. Dinner too. And I'm not opposed to lunch either now that I think about it. But this is about breakfast. Sunday breakfast, which at our house we call "Special Breakfast".  Here's what we had today. (and no - I didn't take a picture of it ... this time)   - Cold smoked salmon (from Acme, our neighborhood smoked fish place) - European Cornbread (not like American cornbread, more like a tangy sliced peasant loaf with cornmeal in it) medium boiled eggs (simmered for exactly 6 minutes, whites are set and yolks are runny) spicy roasted tomato salsa and oven hash.   Oven hash is my new "discovery".  Born of dieting - trying to find a new way to make a successful breakfast potato-y dish with lots of flavor but not lots of fat.The trick is to use just a little potato - and fill in with other wonderful root veg and non-root veg.  too, adding them in "shifts" - starting with the potato. It's EASY - and so good.  Here tis' - Oven Hash  - (feeds two or three or maybe four people - depending on how much they eat!) Preheat your oven to 425 degrees - Cube two medium potatoes, whatever kind you have (I used one yukon gold and one "rose gold" (an heirloom potato with rosy hued flesh) you'll want about a 3/4 inch dice (can be bigger or smaller if you like - the smaller you but it the faster it will cook. Keep that in mind). When oven is hot - toss the potatoes with a teaspoon or two of olive oil and salt and pepper. Then put on a rimmed baking sheet and pop into the oven. (note the teaspoon - you've got to be careful with the olive oil if you're watching your calories - you want enough, just not too much. Also - most people use too much oil when they roast veg. It makes them greasy. Stop it!) From here on, it's pretty free-form, depending on what root vegetables you have. You can add a sweet potato - parsnip - carrot etc. - I used one largish turnip and 4 small purple carrots - cut about the same size as the potatoes. Toss those with a teaspoon or so of olive oil and salt and pepper - after about 10 minutes (You'll be able to smell that the potatoes are cooking, even though they're not done yet), add the turnip and carrot (or whatever other root veg your using) to the baking sheet. Then you're going to add some softer veg - in this case I added half a chopped fennel bulb and medium bell pepper, cut about the same size as the previous veg - also tossed with teaspoon or so of olive oil, salt and pepper. (You could also add mushrooms, green beans, chopped kale, broccoli, celery, onion - pretty much anything you want. Really.) - LET'S REVIEW. The potatoes cooked about 10 minutes before you added your other root veg - at least 10 minutes more have passed since you added the root veg. Pull out your baking sheet and toss the potato and root veg around. They should be starting to brown, and also to release pretty easily from your baking sheet. If that's not the case, then put them back in for a while. (When things are cooked enough, they release - when not, they don't.) OK - so once your turnips and potatoes are releasing from the pan and seem closer to ready but not done yet, you'll add that "softer" veg. Put back in the oven, and let the whole thing cook for at least 10 more minutes, maybe more. The softer veg won't get "crispy", but it will start to brown, and become tender. You want it to be browned and caramelized in spots. The whole thing takes about 30 minutes. Taste for seasoning - add salt, pepper or fresh herbs to taste. Add some grated cheese if you want. (not a lot - just enough to make it "fun") and put back in the oven until the cheese melts. And that's it! It's as good as any fried breakfast potatoes, home fries, hash browns, etc. with way less fat and cals. - it's hard to say exactly how many cals, as there's so much variation. But I ran it through the calorie counter I use on and it's 176 per serving for 3 generous servings. Less if you use more turnip and less potato, or a little less olive oil - or have smaller portions ... right? Sunday, October 13, 2013 It's time ... almost. As I write this, my sweet orange kitty Eric is dying. He'll be gone sometime between now, and four days from now - either because he's slipped away on his own, or because I have taken the final step and put him to sleep. I feel a little silly calling it "put to sleep" - but don't like the alternative "put him down". I could keep searching for other ways to say it, but think I'll just go with "put to sleep", which is what we called it when I was a kid. I knew then, and know now, that it is an act of mercy, for everyone involved really. Not something to be rushed into, but also not something to put off for too long once the time is nigh. My husband and I took him to our vet, Dr. S, a couple of weeks ago, because he'd just gotten so skinny, and wasn't eating well.  Dr. S is a gruff, no nonsense man, like a thinner Wilfred Brimley, with sad eyes, framed by heavy, dramatically wrinkled lids. If he thinks that what you just said is kind of stupid, he doesn't  hesitate to tell you. But he's also given to displays of unexpected sweetness, saying things like "Cats don't worry or care so much about living here on earth, not like we do, and soon his little spirit will go off to kitty heaven and he'll be waiting for you when you get there." An x-ray showed a mass. "It's pretty hard..." Dr. S said, gently probing his belly, "... and that's not a good sign, not good at all."  It was sort of near his bladder, from what we could see. Hard to tell exactly without doing a sonogram and/or exploratory surgery, which would cost $300 and $600 respectively. We don't have the money for either of those things right now, not really. I mean REALLY not really. We do not. So lucky for us, Dr. S didn't think either of those things were really worth doing. He winced when I asked about chemo or any kind of treatment, or maybe trying that exploratory surgery, to see if there was any chance of removing it. "You need to think about how much you want to put this 15 year old kitty through." he said, not unkindly, but not all "comfort and roses" either. It was more like a little shake, to bring me to my senses. He said we could give him subcutaneous fluids to get him re-hydrated and see if that helped his appetite perk up and to call in a few days to let him know how Eric was doing. So, we took him home, did the fluid thing, and he did perk up, a little at least. But soon he seemed to be losing ground again. When I took Eric in for another check-up, about two weeks later, he'd pretty much stopped eating, barely a tablespoon of food a day, if that, for over a week. He'd lost another pound and a half, a lot for a cat. Dr. S looked at me, sighed a sigh containing all the final sighs of all the animals he'd devoted his life and heart to, and said, "I think it's time we think about ending this for him. Are there people at home who need to say a final goodbye?" I'm crying by now, of course. "Not really..." I say, "... my husband is out of town. He's on tour, and I'm by myself..." He felt that I should take Eric home, spend the weekend with him. Then bring him back in on Monday. But then he realized that they wouldn't be in on Monday because of Columbus Day, and that he himself wouldn't be in again until Thursday - so - ugh. What to do?  I asked if we should do it "now, right now..." and he drew back, a little horrified, "No!" He really, truly thought I needed to spend more time with my kitty. He wanted me to say goodbye. And I'm glad, but, it's also been a little torturous. I cried most of the rest of the day on Friday - managed to stop crying and go to work on Saturday, but only by banning all thoughts of Eric entirely. When a co-worker started to tell me about her cat's minor stomach ailment I mostly just nodded, "uh huh..." Another co-worker joined us and chirped, "They're like our children aren't they?" I extricated myself from the conversation without anyone noticing, and made it through the rest of the job, a cocktail party for 55,  in tact. But now here I sit, at my computer, writing this essay about my dying cat, free to cry as much as I want. And because I'm also an actress, I just looked at my crying face in the mirror and thought, quite seriously, "I cry as good as Claire Danes don't I? I think I do." Thank you "Carol's Ego", for making Carol laugh. Anyway, as sad as I am, which is very, that whole "they're like our children" business kind of bothers me. Because, I'm sorry, but they are not. Losing a pet, as sad as it is, can't possibly be like losing a child. I have nothing to base this on really, since I have no children. But I can do my best to put myself in the place of my friends who are parents. I can see the look in their eyes when they're simply showing me a picture of their child, and I can guess at the incredible pain I know they would feel at the loss of that child. I can't feel it, of course, but surely, the pain of losing a child, on a scale of 1 to 10 has got to be infinity. Beyond any conceivable scale. The pain of losing a pet is more like losing a friend. I've lost a few friends, sadly, so I know what that's like. And that's what I'm feeling now, with Eric. He's been a good friend. And yes, a bit "child-like" in that he's an innocent little creature that I agreed to take care of. He's always been a snuggler. He's always gazed into my eyes, purring like mad, reaching out his paw to touch my face, like a lover, or yes, more accurately, like a little child, motivated by all that is good and makes life worth living; the pure pleasure of connection. He drinks my bath water for Christ's sake! Hot bath water, even it's got soap or bath oil in it, because it's mine. That's how much he loves me. So I get it, I get it when people say "they're like our children" - I just don't buy it. And I don't need to say that to justify how sad I am, which, as noted, is very. I know that when Eric finally goes, I'll cry some more, and yes, I'm crying now, but I'll stop soon enough. In a day or two at most. I'll always miss him, but it won't be a wound that never heals. Closure is possible with the loss of a pet, and even with the loss of a friend. But with the loss of a child? I don't know if closure ever comes. What I hope is that Eric will last four more days, until Thursday, so that I can take him back to Dr. S, to have him put to sleep. But I'm not sure he'll last that long. Dr. S wasn't sure either, so he gave me a syringe that I can give Eric myself if I feel the time has arrived before Thursday. He showed me where to inject it, behind the last rib, into his side. Oh my god. Jesus Christ. I don't think I can do that. I don't want to do that. Please tell me that I don't have to do that. And that's were I am now. Waiting. Waiting to say goodbye to my sweet kitty friend. And looking forward to the closure that I know will come, with time. Wednesday, October 9, 2013 Ted Cruz, Mastermind of the Government Shutdown (in his own words) (interview, already in progress) ... So Paul Ryan runs into my office screaming, "He's not budging. YOU SAID HE'D BUDGE!! But he's not!! He's not going to defund Obamacare! And he won't fix the budget!! And he won't do any of the other stuff YOU SAID he'd do!!!" "Calm down Ryan!" I said, "There's no crying in Congress!" (except for Boehner, ha ha).  But - he just kept crying so I sent him out to get some air. Therefore, I'm afraid you'll just have to hear from me, Ted Cruz, Mastermind of the Government Shutdown. Yes, yes, please write that down. I'd like you to write that every time you write my name. Ted Cruz, Mastermind of the Government Shutdown. Thank you. Wait, what did you say?? Did you seriously just ask me what is wrong with Obamacare?? Well, it's worse than slavery! It's like nine hundred nuclear bombs covered with AIDS! That's what's wrong with it! It's like something the Nazis would do! And Hitler, you know? Have you HEARD of Hitler? You're actually asking me how it's like Hitler? Well how is it not like Hitler?? That's my question to you! Can you answer that?? OK - I hear you speaking, saying things that sound like ways you think Obamacare is different from Hitler, but you might as well be speaking in some kind of foreign language to me because it doesn't make any sense and I'm not going to discuss it anymore. Next question. What still needs to be fixed in the budget? Did you just ask me that??? Well it's too big!! Duh!! You certainly wouldn't run your household the way we run this government. Can you imagine?? Borrowing money from China to buy things for your family? Like, say you had a young son, a toddler perhaps - and you needed, of course, to buy him things, like medicine, and clothes, and toys; I guess ... though I'll tell you, and this is true, kids are usually pretty happy with a box. That's what I get my kids every year, for birthdays and Christmas too. I go to all the big toy stores and snag some really good boxes, right there in the dumpster, in perfectly good condition, usually with pictures of toys right on them and  I give those boxes to my kids instead of toys and they're happy as can be! OH sure they whine about it at first, "But Daddy! Our friends get the actual toys! Not just the boxes!" But then when I explain to them the fiscal sense of my giving them free boxes, instead of paying good money for toys, Chinese toys that are very likely covered in poison and poop germs, well, they stop crying and sit down with those boxes and have a ball. Kids love fiscal sense! It makes 'em feel safe! Why the Democrats don't want their kids to feel safe I couldn't tell you, but they don't, which is why they reject the laws of fiscal sense. And why they don't understand that we need to run the government like a household. "But our government's not like a household Congressman Cruz!" people say. "Yes!" It is!" I say. End of discussion.  Do I know economists disagree with me on that? Well I guess if I believed in economists that would mean something to me, but you know, I might as well believe in The Tooth Fairy. Economists are just like scientists. They believe all this mumbo jumbo based on research and stuff, and they've got charts and graphs that they CLAIM show facts and stuff, but the real deal is this ... God tells me what I need to know. End of story. I get a message from God, and I get that message pretty much every hour on the hour, and that message is this. "Ted! Don't cave. Don't listen to 'em. Don't let that bastard win!" That's right. God, speaking DIRECTLY TO ME, refers to President Obama as a bastard!! Listen, I wouldn't believe it if I didn't hear it myself, every hour on the hour, but I do. I tried to record it on my iphone, so I could play it for everyone in the world, but - of course, you can't capture the voice of our Heavenly Father on a worldly mobile device. And I was arrogant to think I could, so God took me down a peg for that by giving me a pretty mean case of diarrhea! Now a lot of other Reps got it as well and they think it's because our Government Shutdown sent all the staff home from the Congressional dining hall meaning we had to prepare our own grub and somebody (I'm looking at you Boehner!) probably didn't wash their hands properly after going to the bathroom. But - well - I don't know - even though other people got it too, I still think my diarrhea is special and was sent from God. And as far as I'm concerned, what I think goes, know what I mean? I don't need to "listen to other people" or "weigh the facts" or "learn from history" or any of that. I've got me, myself and I, and, of course, Him, and those are the only Facts that I need to weigh. So here's the deal. God says "Ted Cruz! Mastermind of the Government Shutdown! That bastard cannot win under any circumstances!" His words - not mine. So, even if everything ends up getting destroyed to achieve that, well, as we all know, God has destroyed things before. So - if he wants to do that again, through me, then I, his humble servant, have no choice in the matter. Because God hates that bastard Obama! It's not up to me, and Amen to that! Because that would be a lot of pressure! And I probably wouldn't be up to the task IF it weren't for God guiding me: Ted Cruz, Mastermind of the Government Shutdown. End it like that, if you don't mind. I just love the way that sounds you know? Oops! I've got to run to the bathroom. If you'll excuse me. Sunday, September 1, 2013 What I did yesterday? Forget it. Well - that certainly didn't work. Me writing a daily blog entry called "What I Did Yesterday" - as a ploy to get myself to write more - or write period. I've really fallen off the old bandwagon. Way off - and neither the "wagon" or the "band" is anywhere in sight. Fine then - that wasn't the answer. And there will be NO series called "What I Did Yesterday". And no one will mind. I'm sure. I do feel like writing again though - and so - I will. And we'll see how that goes. This time I'll keep in mind that my schedule is weird - odd-ball - unpredictable; so for the foreseeable future, anything like regular "daily" writing isn't likely. Or - maybe it's the "publishing" part that's the problem/challenge - maybe that's what's really getting in my way. Maybe instead of feeling I need to publish something every day (even if it's just on this wee blog that pretty much nobody - except you two ;-) - actually reads at the moment, I can just write, and publish once or twice a week? It's the publishing part that takes so long after all, the editing, the "finishing" part that one must do before hitting that little "publish" button, that is what can take so long! So - maybe to 'write' every day - but not to have to 'publish' every day - is the secret to getting to a place where I can actually write and publish more, rather than these little flashes I have every few months - that disappear the second I get busy with too much work, too much running around, or too much whatever else. (e.g. at the end of June this summer - I was suddenly hired to do a play - a challenging, funny, thought-provoking play, going to The Edinburgh Fringe Festival for a whole month! It was an adventure to be sure - and I'll write about that next, as best I can. (though I may need to hire a lawyer - or a body guard - or something - ha.) It was a trip, in more ways than one. Thursday, June 6, 2013 What I did yesterday - the day before that, and the day before that. I done got behind here. Cuz I got a wonkity schedule and I jus cain't always git it all squared away and get all of everythin' I wanna do done. You ever been thar?? I'ma bettin' that ya have. And I ain't got much time today neither, so's I'm gonna do this at a bit of a clip. Startin' with Monday - Not much to say about that - so I'm not going to dwell on it. (A cop out!! I know!! Call the cops.) Tuesday - went to therapy. I probably do have stuff to say about that ... but I don't got no time to get into that now - so - I ain't gonna say nuthin' about that either. (Withholding! I know! Or is it resistance ... Call the therapy cops and ask them why don'tcha) Then I went to Trader Joe's - which I love. And bought stuff I like to buy there - like wine (great prices! and no - I'm not talking about $2 buck Chuck or that cheapo crap. I'm talking nice bottles that are $15 to $20 elsewhere and $10 to $15 there - and you  know - other great stuff they've got there. Their toilet paper. (I like it! Don't know why really) Kind bars (good price point) Organic Celery! (great price on that!) (Brie Bites! Perfect for diet's - portion controlled goodness 'on the go'! - etc. Then I did a very large party - I was a KA (kitchen assistant) and it was on the water (on the shore though - thank God - as I don't like to work on boats!) and it was gorgeous! And nice weather! and it was stressful - high pressure! But  went great - and the food was great - like really great - etc. OK - Wednesday. Yesterday - got acupuncture! For nagging knot of pain in shoulder/upper back that continues to plague me - (Acupuncture is included in our health plan! Which is so great! + a free mini-chair massage from the massage/yoga guy at our "health collective" - Yes! We have a health collective!! And it's great!!) - then I went to Macy's - quickly - to see if they had one more shirt there like the other one I got that I really liked. It had a peplum waist, and that is what I should wear almost all the time for my body type - that's what I've learned lately about dressing -- but - they didn't have another one. That's OK And there was a lady there who was an  "out-loud shopper". Which means that she narrated everything she was doing, VERY LOUDLY, as she walked around the store. "Two for $15.99!! That's a good price that's what that is!!" She declared at the top of her lungs. "I'm gonna get six of 'em!" Then - "I don't like them "boy" lookin' shorts for MY underwear - No I do not!" "I don't like them high cuts either. I like me a hipster brief! Ain't none a' them on sale?" "Can't nobody help me in this store?" "Don't nobody work here?" "This here is a good price too. I'ma get me six a' these here." And so on. And - she had a young child with her, her grandson I'm guessing, who kept running away. "Why you keep runnin' off Peewee!" she shouted. "I know why you run off Peewee ..." I thought to myself. "Run Peewee Run!!" And that's it - for now. :-)
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Articles on Global Marriage Brokers & Global Dating Journalist Goes Undercover “A Foreign Affair: regarding the great Ukrainian Bride Hunt” by Kristoffer A. Garin “These aren’t US ladies,” our guide ended up being telling us. “They try not to worry about how old you are, appears, or cash. And you’re maybe maybe not planning to need certainly to speak to them for around 30 minutes and have your testicles then handed back once again to you! Let me make it clear: over here, you’re the commodity; you’re the piece of meat.
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CANopen single channel sensor acquisition/analogue: µCAN.1.ai-SENSOR pdf The senor module µCAN.1.ai-SENSOR can be joined with any sensor. It is designed to acquire an analogue sensor signal. The µCAN.1.ai-SENSOR is installed directly into the sensor head (diameter 18 mm). Sensor tolerances can be adjusted with the module already built in. Linearisation and supervision of the sensor signal take place directly in the hardware.
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Jaime Rossello Rubert Mallorca, Spain Engineering 100% Six Hats Certified 100% Aeromodelism 100% Musician 95% logocertified (Custom) Specialties: Petroleum, petroleum facilities and equipment, alternative energy, solar, biofuels, heating, air conditioning. Tags: Six Hat Certified Trainer de Bono Thinking Systems. Training and consultancy in business creativity facilitator, creative ideas. Innovation conferences and presentations on creativity. Managing creative potential in companies. Development Engineer in oil projects, development advisor and creative solutions in facilities and products. Trainer heating professional, ACS and petroleum.
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Pan Broiled Lamb Chops • 1 teaspoon(s) finely chopped fresh rosemary (substitute ½ teaspoon dried ) • 1 tablespoon(s) soy sauce • 1 tablespoon(s) olive oil • 2 clove(s) garlic • ½ cup(s) water or wine • 8 medium lamb chops (more if very small) Trim all excess fat from 8 to 12 (depending on their size) lamb chops. Prepare the marinade: Chop the rosemary and mince or press the garlic. Using a mortar and pestle, or small bowl and the back of a spoon, mash together the chopped rosemary and pressed garlic.Add soy sauce and olive oil. Rub ... View full recipe at RecipeTips.com Best Wine Deals See More Deals Snooth Media Network
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AISC Fund Management Association 中文  | EN Project Description Through blockchain technology and philosophy, we provide suitable pervasive computing resources for each individual scene, so that efficient computing resources are not limited to top research laboratories and large organizations, but also to directly transform these resources into practical breakthrough innovations. The driving force to promote the popularization and promotion of various applications. The project aims to solve the problem of insufficient resources faced by ubiquitous computing and blockchain systems from the aspects of underlying computing resources, ecological construction and evidence-based incentives. Through the certification and circulation of the certificate, while building a sufficiently powerful storage pool and computing pool, attract more community users with free storage resources and idle computing resources to join the ecosystem. Through the full application of cryptography technology, it provides storage and computing capabilities with high reliability, high scalability, and fine-grained privacy protection. At the same time, for specific applications, through DSP, FPGA and ASIC design, the chip design and implementation of specific AI algorithms can be realized to meet the computing power requirements of future applications from multiple links. Distributed storage • Distributed storage concept Distributed storage distributes data across multiple independent devices, uses multiple storage devices to share storage load, uses metadata servers to locate storage information, and scales horizontally. Distributed storage builds a distributed storage device into a virtual storage pool for use by upper-layer applications, improving system reliability, availability, and access efficiency. Distributed storage systems are gradually replacing traditional storage architectures, especially in the field of unstructured data storage. • Technical Indicators The core technologies of distributed storage systems mainly include metadata management technology, system elastic extension technology and storage optimization technology. (1) Large capacity. The nodes of the system use a general-purpose or non-generic architecture storage server as a building unit, and expand the storage nodes infinitely and horizontally according to the needs of users, and form a unified shared storage pool. (2) High performance. Provides 10-15 times higher aggregate IOPS and throughput than traditional storage, and can grow linearly with storage node expansion. The dedicated metadata module provides fast and accurate data retrieval and positioning to meet different needs. The need for fast response from front-end business. (3) High reliability. The entire system does not have any single point of failure, data security and business continuity are guaranteed. There is a special data protection policy between the node devices to achieve device-level redundancy of the system and to replace damaged hard disks or node devices online. (4) High scalability. The system can support online seamless dynamic horizontal expansion. In the case of adopting the redundancy policy, the uplink and downlink of any storage node have no influence on the front-end service, and are completely transparent, and the system is expanding the new storage node. Automatic load balancing can be selected, and the pressure of all data is evenly distributed on each storage node. In addition, the storage capacity of the system and the throughput of the system can be increased simultaneously with the increase of the system size, and the file access performance is always maintained. The system can adapt to the dynamic growth of node and storage data scale through topology and data organization. (5) High integration. Compatible with any brand of universal storage server, it can be easily implemented in a standard IP/IB network environment without changing the original network architecture. (6) Easy to manage. The entire system can be configured and managed through the WEB interface or mobile APP, and the operation and maintenance is simple. (7) High privacy. Through cryptographic techniques, information stored by individuals and organizations on distributed storage is guaranteed to have a corresponding level of privacy. Computing power • Computing power concept Computational power, as the name suggests, can be understood as the computing power. It generally refers to the number of hash collisions that the miner can do per second in the process of scouring bitcoin. The unit is recorded as hash/s. At present, the total network computing power of Bitcoin has increased to the historical peak of 32E/S – this is the signal that new miners continue to join Bitcoin mining. There are differences in mining algorithms for different currencies. For example, Bitcoin is the sha256 algorithm, Liteco is the scrypt algorithm, and Ethereum is the Ethash algorithm. In the field of super-calculation and scientific computing, more use of floating-point arithmetic speed as a measure of power. On June 8, 2018, the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory announced the creation of the world's fastest supercomputer with a peak floating point speed of 2 billion times per second. • Technical Indicators Because the computing system that constitutes the computing power has different architectures and uses, there is no unified technical indicator for computing power. Computing systems can be divided into isomorphic computing and heterogeneous computing in terms of architecture. Isomorphic computing is the computation of a system that consists of computational units of the same type of instruction set and architecture. Heterogeneous computing refers to the way in which systems are composed of computing units that use different types of instruction sets and architectures. Common types of computing units include coprocessors such as CPUs and GPUs, DSPs, ASICs, and FPGAs. Heterogeneous computing is a kind of parallel and distributed computing. It can be done with a single independent computer that can support both simd and mimd, or with a separate set of computers interconnected by a high-speed network. Specifically, heterogeneous computing uses both a processor and an accelerator such as a GPU or a many-core chip in the operation. AI Chip • AI chip concept Artificial intelligence (AI) is the science that researches and develops intelligent theories, methods, techniques, and applications for simulating, extending, and extending people. By understanding the essence of intelligence, it produces intelligent machines that respond in a manner similar to human intelligence. Research in this area includes robotics, speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems. On the hardware side, it is mainly using GPU parallel computing neural networks. At the same time, FPGAs and ASICs have the potential to emerge in the future. The AI chip is generally an ASIC-specific chip that points to the AI algorithm. Traditional CPUs and GPUs can perform AI algorithms, but they are slow and have low performance. They are not practical for commercial use. Compared with traditional terminal chips, cloud smart chips have larger scale, more complex structure, stronger computing power and lower energy consumption. And other characteristics to adapt to the conditions required by the software in the device at runtime. • Technical Indicators As a special chip, ASIC is different from traditional general-purpose chips. Because it is a custom-tailored chip for a specific need, the chip's computing power and computational efficiency can be customized according to the needs of the algorithm. Compared with general-purpose chips, ASICs are characterized by small size, low power consumption, high computing performance, and high computational efficiency. The larger the chip shipments and the lower the cost. (1) High performance. In high-performance mode, the ASIC chip has an equivalent theoretical peak speed of up to 166.4 trillion fixed-point operations per second, with typical board power consumption of only 80 watts and peak power consumption of no more than 110 watts. (2) Fast efficiency. Artificial intelligence chips have high efficiency compared to conventional chips. The latest MLUv01 architecture of Cambrian and the advanced process chip of TSMC16nm, the equivalent theoretical peak speed in balanced mode is 128 trillion fixed-point operations per second. (3) Strong computing power. The AI chip architecture is out of the image processing, and the parallel computing power is powerful. Due to its high parallel structure, it has higher efficiency and more powerful computing power in processing graphics data and complex algorithms. (4) Small size. Compared to traditional chips, AI chips are smaller in size and suitable for special and proprietary applications.
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Skip to Main Content Levi, Ray & Shoup, Inc. Special Processing with XCMD A database is only as good as the data in it, and keeping a database updated is critical to any application that uses one, such as ServiceNow’s IT Service Management product. For many companies, the printer fleet is a fluid environment. Over time, break-fix swap outs, printer upgrades, even location changes can make the task of maintaining the service management database daunting. One LRS customer wanted to automate this task as much as possible. Their environment included the CMDB (Configuration Management Database), which was a module within their ServiceNow instance.  Scans are carried out across the network and new IT assets are automatically loaded into the CMDB.  This database acts as the customer’s source record for assets. There is also a basic asset retirement process for CMDB assets that have not been selected on a network scan for a certain period of time. This process takes several months, so the CMDB may show assets as active that have long been retired, resulting in an inaccurate CMDB. The customer needed to have a more accurate inventory of in-use print assets. Although cost savings and reduction in support were not the driving forces for this effort, both were secondary benefits likely to be recognized over time. This customer already had LRS’ VPSX Enterprise software, the most extensible output management system in the market. The LRS Professional Services team worked with the customer to define their requirements and tailor a customized integration with ServiceNow by leveraging the VPSX Enterprise software’s external command notification feature, otherwise known as XCMD. XCMD is a process VPSX Enterprise uses to externalize major events that occur during normal operations. These events can be print job-related, or in this case, print device-related events. Specifically, when printers are added, modified, or removed from the VPSX inventory, the changes the need to be reflected in ServiceNow. One of the challenges our team faced was how to uniquely identify the print devices. This was especially difficult since many times when a printer is swapped out, the IP address and Hostname (labels used to identify a device on a network) remain the same for the new device. Once again, the extensibility of VPSX Enterprise software proved invaluable. It supports an API method that can retrieve printer attributes; in this case, the printer’s serial number. According to the customer, the asset serial number is the unique asset identifier that allows them to map the LRS MFDs/Printers to existing records in the CMDB and add information that may be missing from the network scan (like the model of printer, or its host name etc.).  It also means that when the customer adds a new MFD/Printer to the output management server, the API will check the CMDB, see that it’s a new record and then add it to the CMDB. Similarly, when they delete a device record from the output management server, it will immediately retire that asset in the CMDB, therefore keeping it accurate in real time for the customer’s LRS printers.  Since the majority of their print devices are in the LRS system, this functionality represents a big step forward. Using VPSX XCMD makes it easy to capture the device event (along with serial number and other device-related metadata) and call the ServiceNow API to automatically update the table(s) in the CMDB database. This gives VPSX Enterprise customers the ability to do real-time updates of their IT Service Management database, resulting in a more stable, more orderly IT environment. Back to Posts
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The Principles of Just War Theory Background Download 12.65 Kb. Date conversion02.03.2016 Size12.65 Kb. The Principles of Just War Theory In the Western cultural tradition, discussions of justifiable reasons for going to war and proper conduct during war go back to the Greek and Roman philosophers Aristotle and Cicero. They are also discussed in the Hebrew Bible and in the Koran. What is now call “Just War Theory” was developed by early Christian philosophers/theologians as they attempted to reconcile two conflicting propositions: _ purposeful taking of human life is wrong _ states have a duty to defend their citizens and promote justice. The theory attempts to lay out the conditions under which states can justifiably go to war. While primarily Christian in origin, the basic principals of Just War theory provide useful touchstones for people of any faith or none. As philosopher Mark Rigstad points out, “Just war theory is not a settled doctrine. It is a field of critical ethical reflection. That’s why there are as many just war theories as there are just war theorists.” There are also many who reject the whole concept of “just war,” arguing either from a pacifist point of view that killing is always wrong, or from a realpolitk position that force is just another strategy for pursuing national interests. Is there a justification for acts of war? Many people who strongly believe that killing is wrong have struggled with the question of whether war can ever be right. .Let’s find out what you think. What do you think? Yes No In self-defense To protect innocent life To protect human rights To overcome extreme violence To advance your economic interests Only if you will probably win Only as a last resort Acts of war can never be justified *Be able to defend your responses Reading #1: Just War Theory While you are reading respond to the following questions: 1. What is “just war” theory? 1. Why do you think the early Christians had to justify war? 1. In your opinion, why do you believe some people totally reject the idea of a just war? Reading #2: Ideas of jus in bello in Early Judaism and Islam While you are reading respond to the following questions: 1. Why do you think all three religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are concerned about how to behave in war? 1. Explain why people should be concerned about jus in bello (justice during war). What are some examples of jus in bello? 1. What does jus post bellum (justice at the end of war) mean in practice? Why is it important? The database is protected by copyright © 2016 send message     Main page
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Seaweed, the Otter designed by Evelyn McDermand 4 yards ribbon, cord or plastic lacing 1 key ring or lanyard hook 111 brown pony beads 8 bone pony beads 7 pearl green pony beads 3 black pony beads Special Instructions:  Pay close attention to the string path for the tail and legs.  After completing the row marked by the knots, make one leg using one strand (see note).  With the other strand, do not weave back through the 3 beads on that row.  You need the strand to make the tail first, then weave the strand through the 3 beads.  Make the other leg and tie knots.   Use excess string to tie hands together in front as shown. Note:  In order to make the foot look right, I had to weave the strand back through a couple of times.  Step 1:  To make the leg and foot, string on 14 beads (shown in diagram with blue string).  Step 2:  Weave back through, (diagram with red string).
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My patient met the insurance company's prior authorization criteria, which was reasonable. Yet, the authorization was rejected, so I appealed. It was rejected again, even though I pointed out to the agent on the other end of the line that the patient met the criteria. I was about to give up, but decided to call the medical director of the insurance company instead, who granted authorization. I wonder how many people would have given up rather than continue the fight and how much money the insurance company thought it was saving by denying legitimate drug use. – Susanna L., New York Share your story Release Information
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Show All Answers 1. How can I get a library card? 2. Can I register to vote at the library or update my voter registration? 3. How do I provide comments or feedback about the Library? 4. How many DVDs can I check out? 5. How long can I check out a new book? 6. Can I recommend a book or other item for purchase? 7. How can I find out what items are checked out on my card and when they are due? 8. What are the library hours? 9. Where is the library located? 10. Can I volunteer at the library? 11. Does the library accept donations? 12. Does the library have books for sale? 13. What if the item I want isn't in the catalog? 14. Can I check out books if I don't have my library card? 15. I lost an item, paid for it, but now I found it. What do I do? 16. Do you have bicycle locks I can borrow? 17. I think I returned an item, but it still shows on my card as out. What happens now? 18. How long can I checkout items and how many of each? 19. How do I place an item on hold? 20. How do I make a List? 21. How do I renew a book or other item? 22. Does the library have Internet access? 23. Does the library have a public fax? 24. How can I comment on a recent program or event? 25. Does the library charge for Interlibrary loans? 26. Does the library proctor tests?
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What Works: Promoting Pathways to Decent Work This report builds upon the finding of a previous research project and specifically from the conclusion that, while active labour market policies (ALMPs) are indeed able to improve workers’ labour market prospects, the success of such interventions hinges on their accessibility. In several cases, a critical missing piece seemed to be adequate income support, which appeared to be a prerequisite for workers in the region to participate fully in activation programmes. The report first provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of the effects that such policy combinations have on individual and aggregate labour market outcomes. An innovative country mapping of integrated approaches is then presented, together with the findings from a literature review and a global macroeconomic study. The analysis is complemented with evidence from impact evaluations of two programmes in Mauritius and Uruguay that have combined income support and active support in different and innovative ways. The results of the report indicate that once certain design and implementation features are taken into accounts, approaches exploiting the complementarity between ALMPs and income support are effective in improving the labour market perspectives of vulnerable workers while protecting them throughout working-life transitions. Author(s) ILO Language English Year of publication Oct, 2019 Publisher International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva Website / Document Visit Publicaciónes recientemente anadido Busca publicaciónes
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The Wounds and Scars of Nations Rate this item (0 votes) Healing the Hurts of Nations Healing the Hurts of Nations - sample extract The Wounds and Scars of Nations How we got hurt, way back when Click to order the book Dolores Ibarruri, leading Basque politician, 1936. He's the man from the Mission. He's just painted plaster, hung up there, nailed to the wall. He lived up in heaven. He looked down at us. And one day he came and stole thousands of acres from us. That's him, that painted plaster statue. Damned liars - he isn't God. An Arhuaco Mamu (shaman) of Colombia, on being asked "Who is Jesus Christ?", from a Danish TV programme, The Earth is Our Mother, 1996. Stresses and strains between different countries, ethnic and interest groups are all too frequently reported in the news. This indicates the extent to which nations and peoples are damaged by their past. All peoples without exception are affected by painful, malignant and distorting scars deriving from events taking place years, generations, centuries, even millennia ago. Sagas of the past and their remaining footprints influence collective judgement and the quality of life today. The worst thing is that these hidden influences are largely unconscious, unrecognised and not taken into account for the effect they have on us now. In the last decade or two we have seen conflicts involving Bosnians, Kosovans, Croats and Serbs in Yugoslavia; Georgians and Abkhaz, Chechens, Armenians and Azeris, all in the Caucasus; Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and Hazaras in Afghanistan; Tigréans, Eritreans and Amharas in Ethiopia; Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda; Israelis and Palestinians in the Holy Land; Kurds in Turkish and Iraqi Kurdistan; East Timorese in Indonesia; Tamils in Sri Lanka; Karens in Myanmar (Burma); Tibetans and Uighurs in western China; Zapotecs in Mexico; the Mende, Temne, Hausa and Bassa in West Africa and Zulus in South Africa. This is not a conclusive list. More groups, some of whom have had frictions for centuries, act out their conflicts too, whether violently, in heated exchanges, nervously or in suppressed frustration. Anxious, seldom-expressed feelings ricochet between many peoples who are technically at peace. Germans, French and English are allies, but past shadows lurk around, coagulating around any niggle that comes up - recently evidenced in their sudden sparks over Iraq in early 2003. Northerners and Southerners in USA still reference back to the American civil war of the 1860s and vie with each other politically and culturally. Russia has a wary relationship with Ukraine, Georgia, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, going back to the 1920s and earlier. The relationship between French Québecois and English-speaking Canadians heats up periodically, dating back at least to the 1790s. Taiwanese frictions with mainland China go back to 1948 and the Communist victory over Chiang Kai-Shek's Nationalists. Sikhs in Punjab, sandwiched between Hindus in India and Muslims in Pakistan, look anxiously both ways, having done so for centuries. Shadows of the past deeply permeate attitudes and can, in exacerbated circumstances, lead to irritability, reactivity and trouble. Every nation has its own versions, even if frictions have gone quiet or are forgotten. Events and their implications have a way of digging out old wounds. Buried pain and shadows cause nations to overreact to events and developments. They cause them to project unwholesome imagery on their neighbours and assume postures inaccurately representing their true position or interests. This can lead to self-destructive or mutually-harmful behaviour. The long Iran-Iraq war of 1980-88 was a manifestation of a multi-chapter story at least three thousand years old, even though the insecurities between the regimes of Saddam Hussein in Iraq and Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran actually ignited the war. Iraq and Iran (Persia) have variously controlled and vied with each other for many centuries. The ruinous 1980s war cost 1.5 million lives, to little avail, hardening both societies and propelling both into years of difficulty. One wonders whether such conflicts are between opposing sides or actually between war and peace. If there is a history of conflict, it does not mean conflict has to break out again. It depends on what happens, on leaderships and cultural movements and what they choose or omit to choose to do. In the early 1990s South Africa came dangerously close to civil war between whites and blacks and also between Zulus (Inkatha) and Xhosa (ANC). The day was saved by white and Zulu acceptance of the situation, coupled with a mature and inclusive philosophy pursued by the ANC toward all parties. People stepped back from the brink. Actually, it is usually by far the easiest solution - as long as the bones of contention are properly sorted out. Two unique ethnic groups have fought less than one might expect, in the circumstances: the Armenians and the Kurds. Both have lived where they live since ancient times - 700 BCE and 2000 BCE respectively - and both have long been dominated by neighbours and split up by other people's political boundaries. Around 1915 1.75 million Armenians were massacred by the Turks or deported, mostly to die, and many others were dispersed worldwide. The Kurds have sustained chemical attack twice, from the British in 1922 and the Iraqis in 1988, and the 1980s repression of Kurds in eastern Turkey was exceptionally cruel. Even speaking and writing Kurdish became a crime. Today, Armenians are much diminished as a result of death and emigration. The Kurds have shown remarkable resilience and patience with their situation. Both groups have markedly persevered. Perseverance like this has been demonstrated more than anyone by Tibetans: when the Chinese invaded Tibet in the 1950s a resistance movement started amongst the Khampas in the east, but this was discouraged by the Dalai Lama, and the Tibetans have remained exceptionally pacific, despite extreme provocation. There are several reasons why national hurts are propagated over time. Here we shall run through a number of them. For the Palestinians, the wars of 1948-49 and 1967 have not been forgotten to this day - understandably, since so many were exiled and dispossessed, despite assurances by the British and the UN. Circumstances since then have been adverse for Palestinians. As a people, they are divided between and within themselves over the need to fight Israel, which is why much of their resistance is secretive, in the form of suicide bombers. The Poles, who have seen Poland partitioned and swallowed up by Austria, Russia and Prussia/Germany over the centuries, have a justifiable nervousness of repetition - so much so that, after the collapse of the Soviet Warsaw Pact in 1991 Poland was quick to seek NATO membership. These two nations have been faced with the sharp-edged question of whether or not to fight back, and the very existence of the question has had a big influence on their histories. China has seen enormous atrocities in its time, but the Japanese occupation of 1937-45 was particularly brutal. Diplomatic relations were later patched up, but the Chinese people still hold reservations about Japan today. This is unlikely ever to come to war, but held-down feelings are there. Serbia's history has been scarred by the armies of Byzantium, Ottoman Turkey, Habsburg Austria and Nazi Germany. In the 1990s, Serb treatment of Bosnian and Kosovan Muslims reflected old Serb feelings toward the Turks, and its trust of Germany has never fully revived after World War Two. During the 1990s, Serbs, or at least their leaders, chose to express their feelings through war, and the outcome has mainly been great loss, even though they were the technical military victors. Germany, an aggressor in two world wars, has painful memories of occupation and devastation by foreigners too. What started as Protestant revolts in Bohemia and Holland against the Catholic empire of the Habsburgs became the full-scale Thirty Years War of 1618-48, in which French, Austrian, Bavarian, Danish and Swedish armies pillaged, burned and battled their ways across Germany's principalities, setting back the land for a century. The 1920s Rhineland occupation after the Great War, plus weighty war reparations, led to resentments that were exploited by Hitler to justify what became the Second World War. After 1945 Germany underwent foreign occupation by USA, Britain and France for four decades. In 2003 these shadows reared up in Germany's vehement opposition to the Iraq war: it knew what foreign occupation and interference meant. Having tasted being a victor in war, it also knows the taste is not sweet. Civil War More insidious is civil war, such as the thirty years of the 'Troubles' in Northern Ireland during the 1970s-90s. The Algerian civil war of the 1990s claimed 60,000 lives. Civil wars set neighbours against each other, eating out the heart of society, and ill feeling permeate down to neighbourhoods and families. The scars of the Spanish civil war of the 1930s, the Mexican revolution of 1910-40, the American civil war of the 1860s and the French Wars of Religion in the 1560s-90s still leave their marks on current public feelings. Social trust can be fatally undermined for generations, fundamentally eroding confidence in society's fabric and its capacity to regenerate itself. Negative precedents can be set which do not disappear - they make repetition of ill-fortune easier. During the 1980s-90s came a new type of civil war led by criminals and opportunists, usually for control of lucrative business. The Colombian civil war involved drug barons, and crime-funded leftist and rightist forces who ripped and tore at the country, caught in a loop of feuding which has devastated the country. Rationales change, yet the civil war addiction carries on, seemingly unable to exhaust itself. Wars in Zaïre/Congo, Angola and various West African states have been fought over control of diamonds, copper and gold - that is, big money. Such wars lucratively interlock with the interests of international arms dealers and suppliers, subjecting local populations to senseless atrocity, loss and insecurity. In West Africa a precedent arose in the 1990s when 40,000 boys entered the fight, desensitised by drugs, personal loss and oblivion to 'good behaviour' in war. The Geneva Conventions, regulating the treatment of war wounded, prisoners, civilians, deportation, torture, hostage-taking, collective punishment and chem-bio weapons, were completely flouted. The avoidance of civil war in South Africa and Russia in 1988-94 was an untrumpeted victory for social sanity and maturity - or perhaps for weariness with suffering. Such triumphs don't hit the news because non-happenings go unnoticed, unannounced in the media. Yet they have a strengthening and healing effect on public integrity and spirits worldwide. Civil wars have recently been avoided in Jordan, Nigeria, China, Brazil, Jamaica, Romania, Burundi and Estonia. This century we need to build a growing tide of triumphs, de-escalating warfare and outweighing the habit of reaching for the guns. Conflicting groups cannot just be admonished by the international community and forced to sit at negotiating tables unless existing injustices are righted. Otherwise the causes of conflict perpetuate, and diplomacy is overridden. Arms-producing countries, arms traders, banks, corporations and international authorities have been crucially involved in permitting and sanctioning civil war. Money-making is no excuse for undermining societies, popular movements and governments. CIA interventions, under the cover of anti-Communist activities yet usually on behalf of business interests, have played a disastrous role in the last fifty years. The CIA has fomented coups in Iran (1953), Guatemala (1954), Ecuador (1961 and 1963), Dominican Republic (1963), Brazil (1964), Indonesia (1965), Greece (1965-67) and Chile (1973); it undermined elected governments in Australia, Guyana, Cambodia and Jamaica; it supported dictators in Chile, Iran, the Philippines, Haiti, Panama, Zaïre, Greece, Pakistan and Iraq; it created, trained and supported death squads and secret police in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Haiti, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico, Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Iran, Turkey and Angola; it launched secret, illegal military actions in Nicaragua, Angola, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam and Afghanistan, and contributed to the massacre of 200,000 in East Timor, 500,000 in Indonesia and 1-2 million in Cambodia. A fine record, achieved mainly by using locals as proxies. The overall effect has been to stunt the social and economic growth of many countries. Internal repression Serious internal repression, such as Stalin's eradication of millions of dissenters and innocent bystanders in the Soviet purges of the 1930s-50s, or the suppression of Protestants in Catholic Europe in the 1500s-1600s, is equal to or greater than warfare in the damage it wreaks. If your government nonsensically turns against you, the whole logic of society turns upside down, warping social relations and setting precedents that make repetitions possible. The brightest and most valuable people are dispossessed, exiled or killed, weakening the possibility of revival, killing off ideas and peace-building coalitions. The price paid by ordinary people is staggering, often affecting them for generations. They might not think of the people who are not there because war killed them or their parents-to-be, but the gap is nevertheless felt in unconscious ways. Mercifully, the shock of disaster can sometimes make for a 'never again' response too, which can change the future. Under Saddam Hussein's regime, the best candidates to replace him were eliminated or exiled. Exiles lose touch with their country, making them less legitimate to lead when times get better. Whenever Tibet is at last relieved of Chinese occupation, its people will have to start from an entirely new and untried basis: the exile Tibetan government has written an exemplary constitution ready for such a time, but there is no knowing what life will be like for residents, whose memory of the old culture is virtually gone, and for returned exiles, many of whom have been born abroad. Independence will mark the beginning of a long journey of nation-rebuilding, of creating a new Tibetan culture. Pain and angst deplete a nation's spirit longterm, frequently weakening its gene-pool, kinship patterns, neighbourhood relations and social structures. Promising possibilities are killed off, together with the people who can set them in motion. The dissolution of England's monasteries under Henry VIII in 1536-40 was a massive cultural outrage: churches were wrecked, sacred artworks and relics destroyed, valuables sold and nuns and monks cast out. A whole socio-economic sector was shaken out, mainly to serve the interests of the king and his henchmen. In orthodox history Henry VIII is regarded as a great king, yet he was a tyrant who severely damaged the nation's psyche. Today his legacy contributes to an underlying shadow of British public cynicism and reluctance to turn against the political establishment. Powerful and necessary shifts and geopolitical developments took place in Henry's time, but such depravity, self-interest and theft as were practised were not inevitable, and a reconciliatory approach was perfectly possible. Are wrecked abbeys, of which England has plenty, truly gems of national heritage, or are they memorials to a nation's guilt? Ethnic cleansing and the intentional disadvantaging of sub-groups, up to and including genocide, casts a shadow of horror which can long outlast living memory of it. The singling out of Jews, Gypsies, dissenters and homosexuals by the Nazis in the 1930s-40s left a shadow with lasting consequences in Germany. This has had not only a negative effect: Germany's promotion of tolerance and its reluctance to deploy armed forces in anything but peacekeeping and nation-building been its strong point ever since. But did we have to have Hitler to obtain such a result? Hitler's long shadow falls now on Israel, in its questionable treatment of the Palestinian people over recent years. The damage caused to Ethiopians by the Mengistu regime of 1977-91 has made governance and the buildup of inter-ethnic trust in Ethiopia difficult. Trust was fundamentally broken and, though the Ethiopian government has since worked hard at national reintegration, sporadic war with Eritrea has persisted and other tensions lurk like ghosts, waiting for a spark to fire them up again. In Ethiopia, climatic problems, famine and social tensions interlock horribly. People oppress others because they are already hurt. As a child, Saddam Hussein was regularly beaten for years on end, and Slobodan Milosevic watched his parents commit suicide in connection with political strife during his childhood. Stalin was bullied at school and, in his twenties, was sent to Siberia for his Communist beliefs. Hearts are thus hardened and, a generation later, thousands can suffer. Such extreme cases reveal the top of a worldwide iceberg of endemic human cruelty. Precedents established in one place germinate and propagate the psycho-emotional cruelty virus, which jumps from place to place unless it is dealt with. In Afghanistan the onus for cruelty passes from one party to another, reproducing itself in different contexts and taking hold of people whose own pain intersects with collective resentments, turning them from victims into perpetrators and criminals against humanity. The slough of despond Some susceptible places become sump areas where existing social-cultural weaknesses attract harmful social viruses from elsewhere, and the nation catches a disease - dissension, oppression or war. Few foresaw the breakdown of social relations in Yugoslavia around 1990 or the extent to which it would go - yet Yugoslavia, disoriented by the fall of the Iron Curtain, unconsciously took on the cold-hearted shadow of the Cold War, which was being shed by other formerly-Soviet countries, and it caught the civil war bug from Lebanon, where a civil war had just ended. Just like colds and flu, these psycho-emotional viruses can move fast. Even so, such conflicts are usually fomented by individuals who activate harmful ideas and feelings in others, setting mass traumas in motion. This proves difficult for peacekeepers and negotiators, who must be impartial when intervening in crises. In some respects, it could be more effective to 'take out' key perpetrators, but this cannot legally be done, and it is risky. Hence, in Cambodia, Pol Pot's henchmen still walk free, bringing a pervasive atmosphere of fear and forcing the continued presence of peacekeepers to keep the matter under wraps. Human history has witnessed a cumulative buildup of scars like these, twisting and poisoning situations out of proportion to the actual causes of the problems they face. The unchecked transpersonal motivation to oppress or be oppressed is often unconscious, usually only indirectly connected to the manner in which the oppressor was originally hurt, or the oppressed were originally vulnerable. People might not knowingly exact revenge for past injury, and it might not be aimed at the original oppressor, but it is nevertheless revenge, a psychological getting-back for past pain. One of the biggest illusions we need to break open is that victory in conflict is gratifying. Connections between past and present events run deep. The Battle of Britain of 1942, when Germany attempted an invasion, revived unconscious English associations going as far back as the Anglo-Saxon invasions some 1,400 years earlier, which came from Germany. These invasions brought large-scale genocidal ethnic cleansing to the Britons. The main strain of the English gene stock derives from the Saxon peoples, and the Battle of Britain activated deep unconscious imagery. The Saxons had invaded Britain precisely to insulate themselves from pressure and attack by others - they came there seeking safe space and willing to fight for it. In the 1940s, this was by no means a consciously-held memory, but its symbolic associations were nevertheless there - a miasm or hidden propensity in the psyche of the English. Ill feeling frequently represents a shift of blame onto an available scapegoat, in the absence of truth and of sane ownership of responsibility at home. Discrimination aimed at convenient minorities such as immigrants deflects attention from deeper national issues, fears and social stresses. This has happened for Arabs and Berbers in France, for Mexicans in USA, for Palestinians in Kuwait, Jordan and Lebanon and for Filipinos in Saudi Arabia, to name just a few. The anti-Americanism of today is of this kind, even though Americans are not underdogs: while there is cause for such feeling, Americans have become opportune targets for a range of sentiments concerning other issues. USA currently embodies a ghost of imperial heartlessness and big-footedness going back at least to the Romans, also attracting residual anti-imperialist ill-feeling derived from the now-defunct British Empire. The bottom line here is twofold. First, oppressed or formerly-oppressed peoples, while genuinely hurt, are nevertheless responsible for their own lives and feelings. They cannot continue indefinitely blaming oppressors or symbols. Whether or not they are correct in their feelings, it does them no good. Second, former oppressors have a duty to act to redeem their history and to recognise how others have experienced their actions, whether or not such feelings on the part of recipients are fully justified. Minorities are scapegoated to steer public attention away from domestic weaknesses. The net effect is that overall social control is increased - not only of the minority. Recently, in USA, anyone looking vaguely Arabic has risked trouble. Sikhs have suffered discrimination, even though they are not Muslims, they dislike Muslim fundamentalism and have themselves suffered greatly from its effects. But their turbans, skin-colour and beards are sufficient to spark mistaken discrimination. Such things happen in many countries and cultures. Over time, Jews have faced tremendous pressure, insecurity and persecution. This has meant that errors on their part, real or perceived, have been blown out of all proportion, and they have caught blame for things they had little to do with. During the Crusades, European malice toward the Muslim infidel fell first on Jews, who were close to hand and easy to punish - so Jews were persecuted. In our time, as traditional anti-Jewish prejudices have generally been subsiding, except in the case of people who feel aggrieved toward Israelis' recent and current behaviour, it is important for Jews to release the anticipation of persecution. It can cause Jews to over-react to events, misread situations and develop questionable rationales for mistreating non-Jews. The challenge for Jews is to trust: the miasm of anti-Semitism is a two-way tango. Ethnic jealousy and intolerance can lead to the destruction of cultural heritage remains. This gets at the heart of a culture. The Romans burned part of the library of Alexandria to teach a lesson to free-thinking intellectuals in that city, and in 640 invading Arabs destroyed its remaining 700,000 volumes for similar reasons. In 1993, Serbs targeted Bosnian archives and museums in Sarajevo and Croatian sites in Dubrovnik, and in 2001 the Taliban destroyed the historic Greaco-Bactrian Bamiyan Buddhas. The Serbian case represented distinct ethnic retribution and culture-attack, while the latter was a case of historic deletion of signs of the country's pre-Islamic greatness. Sometimes such actions are carried out from barefaced arrogance, born of decades or centuries of hard-heartedness. Sometimes they are pointed and intentional, as was the Chinese destruction of Tibetan holy places in the 1950s-70s. Sometimes, though, cultural destruction has been deliberately avoided: the Ottoman Turks, taking Constantinople in 1453, converted the architectural wonders of Christian Byzantium to their own uses, inheriting a ready-made proud capital. Alexander the Great and his fellow Greeks enjoyed inheriting the assets of Phoenicia, Egypt, Babylon and Persia - they thought of themselves as an upgrade of all preceding civilisations. Passing the buck What pain drives USA to bombard various parts of the world every few years? One contributory factor lies in the nation's birth and earlier times: many settlers arrived as escapees from hardship and oppression. Once they had got there, carving out a life and building the infrastructure of American society incurred further hardship. The trials faced by refugees, settlers, pioneers, homesteaders, slaves and factory workers built a strange mixture of a strong family spirit and a gun-addled hard-heartedness. USA has at times utilised its arms superiority to positive ends, but the shadow of gun law, armed might and self-interest largely cancel out this benevolence. Conservative Christian fundamentalist values have ruined millions of lives in Latin America and the Middle East. The overwhelming force of the American military permits nothing but the most skilful opposition, such as that of al Qaeda - and many of al Qaeda's methods were taught to them by none other than the CIA in the 1980s. What goes around comes around. Conservative power-lobbies in USA semiconsciously create enemies against which to rail and joust: once it was Communists, 'the evil empire', and now it is Muslims and rogue states, 'the axis of evil'. There is some basis for these projections, yet they betray a national obsession and paranoiac tendency. USA's underlying insecurities undermine its best interests. There is talk of Pax Americana, but for such an ordered world hegemony to work longterm and wholesomely, if such is possible, it needs to be created with the minimum of force and the maximum of cultural sensitivity. In the last sixty years USA has done more for arms proliferation than any nation. This ethical failure creates an unconscious dynamic inviting the attentions of such people as Muslim terrorists: in their view they challenge the evil forces of world destruction. But their own error is that terror fails to stop war: they have fallen into the same trap as USA's hawks. Nations, like individuals, can become self-immolating or suicidal. This applies to all nations, each in their own way and to a greater or lesser extent. As a whole the world is in an unprecedentedly suicidal phase: this surfaced with the exploding of the first atomic bombs in the 1940s, extending since then into environmental, demographic and climatic arenas, into disease, inter-ethnic and military manifestations. Collective death-urges have existed throughout history, but only in the late 20th Century did this become global, consistent and truly visible. Dallying with death has its thrills - like motor racing or skydiving, it involves treading a fine line between life or death, as if to precipitate one or the other. Yet the brunt of this collective death-wish falls upon some more than others, on victims of war, drought, famine, destitution, disease and social breakdown, whether in Sudan or Harlem. This overall world condition hits vulnerable individuals, social subgroups and nations because it is there globally, like pollution. Suicides in jail, heroin junkies, suicide bombers, terrorists and dictators are not just isolated cases dumping their personal problems on everyone else - they carry something on our behalf that we suppress by living routinised, 'sensible', cautious, self-suppressed lives. To cover up past inequities, injustices and shadows, a country unconsciously infects itself with degenerative tendencies, taken sometimes to the point of national collapse. Some African countries have fallen in this deep pit - damaged beyond sense or easy revival. Cambodia's 2.5 million deaths in the 1970s represented a nightmare humanity presumably had to suffer, in order to draw a line on depravity, yet Rwanda proved that the shock therapy had been insufficient. Saddam Hussein took Iraq twice to the edge of disaster, with suicidal panache. National rulers and their competitors can engage in ruinous power-manoeuvring; society lapses into crime, drug-abuse, drunkenness or mass murder; endemic corruption or delusion penetrate business and government, or military establishments gain total control; or social life can drift into a sad movie of contrived appearances and false beliefs. Such symptoms conceal gaping untruths, eating into the body social like dry rot, undermining it to the core. The cultural revolution in China in the 1960s-70s dulled truth perhaps for generations. Such scenarios seem unstoppable until they exhaust themselves and the bottom of the trough is reached. On the surface, all might seem well enough in many societies, but something insidious lurks underneath, relating to undiscussed national verities and collective crimes sanctioned by public omission and commission. Northern Ireland, Colombia and Angola each became so habituated to polarisation and violence that they had trouble stopping, even when the causes of conflict changed or when resolution came in sight. Afghanistan's future rests on its warlords choosing to bury the hatchet, forget past rivalries and get on with the job of reconciliation. In the end, this is mainly an attitudinal issue, and everything else proceeds from there. It depends also on the amount of power a community gives to those leaders who promote rivalry. Pain and difficulty are habit-forming. It seems easier for conflicting parties to perpetuate strife than face conflict-redundancy and the facts and realities that peace reveals. While war is in progress, people are toughened, accepting what comes as best they can, but when peace comes pain can surface as people realise how fruitless and ridiculous the whole trauma was, and how much they have lost. The dead and disappeared are missed and the bombsites and minefields starkly remind everyone of their traumas. Delayed-action loss and bitterness can take years, if not generations, to work through. Forgiveness only partially relieves the shooting of one's parents, since it remains a concrete fact that they are no longer there. Yet, still, things can be done to relieve such pain: festivals, mourning occasions, reconciliatory ceremonies and forgiving messages, truth commissions, rebuilding projects and simply getting on with life do bring healing - if the pain is acknowledged rather than suppressed. The lawless and arbitrary terror of Idi Amin's Uganda and Duvalier's Haiti in the 1970s represented extreme examples of hidden national self-hate and self-doubt turning in on themselves. In Haiti, poverty, dictatorship, an anarchic history and American meddling created a long-lasting nightmare. In Uganda, post-colonial hiatus and the abstractness of Uganda as a nation, founded by colonialists with little regard to local peoples, allowed Idi Amin to drive tribes against each other, then to justify taking military control. This started a murder epidemic. After he escaped to Saudi Arabia (where he still lives), his reign of terror was followed by an AIDS epidemic, caused by rape and bad behaviour during Amin's days. The genocide in Rwanda in 1994 arose from internal degeneration tipping over a critical threshold. The Hutus and Tutsis had been cemented unwillingly into one nation - again, Rwanda was a former colony inappropriate in shape to its residents. The Tutsi minority customarily held the power. The Hutus were deliberately stirred up by their leaders, who exploited a difficult situation to make things worse, and the massacres followed. This kind of thing does not have to happen, but to survive in peace a divided country needs collectively-reinforced social values and impartial institutions to protect it from division or degeneration, and this can sometimes be difficult. If a nation has steadying factors, cultural or institutional, to prevent the rise of dictators or the descent of society into degeneracy, such nightmares can be avoided. Individuals can do this too: characters such as Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Vaclav Havel and Konrad Adenauer each raised the spirits of their nations after hard times, contributing mightily to reconciliation. But the balances are fine: the friendliest and most beautiful of nations can transform into places of horror - Ireland, Lebanon, Bosnia and Cambodia all being examples. One major helpful force is women, whose collective power to shift social values, when it gains momentum, can be final and unstoppable. When society splinters and atomises, national attention and energies are diverted away from the central issues it faces. Ulster has always suffered a certain geographic marginality which it needed to counterbalance by developing its special talents and assets. Yet it accentuated its marginality by becoming a civil war zone, prompting emigration, discouraging outside contact and, overall, disempowering Ulster society. Moderate sectors of the population were hampered and cowed by sectarian extremists of both sides, just 10-20% of the population, who dominated and skewed all dialogue. Further complications arose too - drug-abuse, disaffected youth, diseconomies, unemployment and lack of a future. Such a loss of social spirit makes any enterprising person choose either to get out or to become a troublemaker. Opium consumption in China deflated what otherwise could have become a movement for reform or regeneration in the declining days of the Qing dynasty in the mid-1800s. Western business interests imported the opium, seeing an opportunity to control China through its markets - and, incidentally, establishing the precedent of secret government involvement in the world drugs trade. Opium-addled degeneration was not China's sole alternative, but imperial and cultural conservatism made China easy to exploit. Popular rebellions against the Qing took place, but they failed and, again, were exploited by foreigners for their own designs. Corruption, stagnation and social apathy took hold. Had significant changes come about instead, perhaps around 1790-1840, the later revolutions and disasters of the 20th Century might have been avoided. The Qing were ousted in the nationalist revolution of 1911. This was followed by warlordist mayhem and systemic corruption in the nationalist period of the 1920s-30s, then by Japanese invasion (1937-45) and finally the Maoist revolution of 1949. The Maoist revolution went awry, leading to late-1950s famines during the Great Leap Forward and the 1960s madnesses of the Cultural Revolution. Each of these crises was a mother-of-all-disasters in itself. Arguably, they all dated back to avoidable causes such as the opium trade of the 1800s. Nations can wallow in self-indulgence to conceal their historic unease. They gratify and placate themselves through consumerism, or pageantry and ostentation, military adventures, investment bubbles, political insanities or faddish cultural permissiveness, in an attempt to bury old woes and dilemmas and to conceal signs of cultural emptiness or decline. The 1920s demonstrated such symptoms in many countries - an exciting time in one sense, but also a time of avoidance and creeping lunacy. During the 1980s and 1990s countries of the developed world lived in an affluent daydream from which they are only now waking up. At a time of urgently pending world change, comfortable indulgence, self-interest and affluent leisurism prevailed. Western civilisation has many virtues, yet it is plagued with immoderate, unsustainable levels of materialism, complacency and self-entertainment. Gulping consumerism vacuums up the world's resources, prioritising the developed world's interests over all others. This has a burn-up effect, like over-indulgence at Christmas, leading to cultural lethargy, indigestion and eventual crisis. Indulgence makes some sense when a society is reviving from hardship, but ongoing affluence can be self-destructive. Europe's and America's futures lie in humane cultural creativity, but materialism blocks this and is very addictive. As a result they omit to contribute their maturity and inspiration to a changing world. The sunny opulence of California compensated for the compounded historic hardships experienced by immigrants to USA and migrants heading out West, a century and more ago. The Golden State promised fortunes and the fulfilment of dreams which were to bury Californians' woes forever. This worked well enough between the 1930s and 1980s, at least for the winners, but things are now moving on. When rich and successful, it is difficult to change, even though plenty of Californians do seek it. This is tragic, because available wealth can help bring change, yet change is often delayed until times get hard. Affluence is an age-old means of lulling internal irritations to sleep. Reality does return. Western affluence is now a key global problem, and California is one of its centres. Something must change. One symptom of insecurity is intolerance toward alternative perspectives, coupled with an unwillingness to discuss major national defining issues. Ruling classes or whole nations can go into denial, maintaining enormous falsities for a long time. This was a perverse cause of the Protestant Reformation in 1500s Europe: the Catholic church had stifled nascent ideas for so long that new and necessary religious developments could take place only outside its cloisters. The church became increasingly militant and repressive in response to the challenge of the innovators. When it staged a comeback in the Counter-Reformation from the 1540s onwards, it had lost its character as a 'broad church', a catholic church. Internal oppression takes many shapes: domination of provinces by capitals; the tyranny of ruling classes, majorities or influential minorities; the exploitation of workers or specific social groups; male dominance, selective infanticide, ageism, caste and race discrimination; exclusion of the disabled, disadvantaged or outsiders; and punitive judicial systems and suppression and exile of dissenters. These reflect a deep-seated division of the collective psyche into compartments which lose dialogue and eventually stand in opposition. Such splintering weakens the national psyche as a whole. This goes back longer than anyone can remember, accreting gradually, with flare-ups following latent periods. National characteristics feeding such crises are often accepted as given, indelible tendencies. As global interaction and cultural comparison have increased, populations have become more aware of others' strengths and weaknesses, throwing light back on their own societies. Sometimes this relieves age-old problems and sometimes it transplants social ailments across borders. Deep social divisions can channel very ancient issues. Caste separation in India is an atavism of the Aryan invasion of 3,500 years ago. It prevents ethnic groups from intermarrying or diversifying their social roles, thus rigidly preserving separate gene-stocks, social groupings and roles in a multi-ethnic subcontinent. Indigenous Dravidians, such as Tamils, are today mostly spread across ethnic minorities in south India. At the top of the caste pile are the Aryan Brahmins and warrior and merchant castes of the north. They themselves were kicked around by Muslim invaders of Afghan, Mongol and Turkic origin, who arrived in waves between the 1000s and 1400s, placing themselves on top. Then came the British in the 1700s, placing themselves above Muslims and Hindus. The British successfully dominated India because their own class system had educated them to 'divide and rule'. Mother India absorbed them as a new ruling caste. To an extent this was a balanced power arrangement. But when the British left, Hindu-Muslim relations deteriorated, India was partitioned, Pakistan became entirely Muslim and India remained mixed, with a reduced Muslim population. Secular governance handled this up to the late 1970s, but Hindu nationalists gained the ascendancy by the 1990s. This widened the north-south, Aryan-Dravidian divide in India. An old story was thus revived. Some empires have been founded on the emotional energy generated from being kicked around or threatened. The Ottoman Turks, busy carving out an empire in Anatolia, were suddenly defeated by Timurlenk at Ankara in 1402. This galvanised them and, within 50 years, they had taken Constantinople and much of the former Byzantine empire. Eventually they controlled the Middle East, the Balkans and North Africa. The rise of imperial Rome can partially be attributed to demeaning treatment by the Etruscans, when Rome was but a small town. Already aggrieved, the Romans smarted after the sack of Rome by invading Celts in 387 BCE. Eventually they broke the back of the Etruscans and other Italian tribes until, by the 290s BCE, they controlled most of Italy. This invade-and-control process extrapolated itself until, within 400 years, their empire stretched from Iraq to Scotland. The British had been merchant adventurers, pirates and haphazard colonists for 200 years, but when the Americans shockingly declared independence in 1776, the Brits became serious imperialists. Napoleon then took over Europe between 1794 and 1810, isolating Britain, and industrialising Britain was goaded into action by loss of its European markets. The British made sure they dominated the seas and colonies, embarking on a massive colonial project. The point with the above instances is that, as with school bullies, imperialists and oppressors have historic pain that they then pass onto others. Environmental impacts Historical hurts manifest in the destruction of landscapes. Insecure nations think short-term - so the forests are thoughtlessly chopped down, the grasslands desertified and the rivers polluted. It is not felt to be worth it to invest energy in wise land-use, improvement of ecological capital and conservation. Inter-tribal feuds on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) led to its deforestation centuries ago. Ancient Sumerian farming and irrigation techniques were cut back when attacks started, and this led to land salination, turning much of Mesopotamia into semi-desert. Settler pressures and over-farming in the US Midwest led to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Soviet industrial, plantation and irrigation projects in Uzbekistan led to the draining of the Aral Sea, now a fraction of its former size. Britain, once 97% and now 4% forested, was deforested gradually, but the shipbuilding exploits of Henry VIII and his successors robbed the forests of their greatest trees, and ordinary people, over-taxed and rather jaded, permanently cleared much more. Collective pain can blind a culture to its environment, causing it to bypass sustainable development strategies. This can emanate directly from rulers - such as the decimation of Lebanese cedar forests by king Solomon for the building of the Jerusalem temple. Heavy taxation, economic downturn, social disturbance and civil war mightily contribute to environmental degradation. As each new generation grows up it carries no memory of how things were before, so it tends not to return things to their former glory. Military actions have laid waste whole landscapes, polluting the soil with lead, chemicals and, more recently, depleted uranium. A mixture of human folly, local need and industry-scale exploitation has denuded the world. Restoring healthy natural balance involves not just policy decisions and investment but significant psycho-emotional shifts in humankind. The biggest single ingredient in environmental correction is love - love for life, love for the land and love for the massive job of restoring it. We have examined various manifestations of social pain and historic scarring. To prevent further tragedy and repetition of error, a fundamental healing process is needed. Treaties, fair trade, peace processes and nation-building have their virtues and their place, but they do not replace healing They usually work more for governments and business than for ordinary people and their feelings. Healing through economic growth and democratic institutions without attending to the feeling-substrate of society can create fuel for future crises - like chocolate, it relieves a craving but leads to longer-term health problems. What is needed is a deeper process of public communication, communion and reconciliation which addresses hearts in their own language of empathy and feelings. When victims recognise that oppressors are in themselves hurt and defensive, some movement might start. When oppressors realise that victims have genuine grievances, movement can accelerate. Pain-inflicting activities ultimately help no one: they are internalised injuries externalising themselves. Cycles of tyranny can go on forever. Until negative tendencies are turned around, their repercussions can reverberate through to generations uninvolved in the initial wrongs and often unaware of them. Collective memory-shadows can stretch back thousands of years. No matter what justification is given for conflict, conflict is critically obsolete now that globalisation has changed the context. Even pre-emptive strikes on the most humanitarian of grounds have a damaging longterm impact. Conflict obstructs the process of getting to grips with global issues. So a matter of primary importance is to set in motion a global process of directly addressing hurts. It is not just a matter of dealing with the past: we need to stop creating new pain for the future. Click to visit the book's website © Palden Jenkins, 2003. This material may be quoted with proper attribution and printed out in single copies for personal use and study, without permission. Publication on websites or in print is not permitted. Please e-mail the author on any copyright questions: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. . Healing the Hurts of Nations Order this book See another book Gothic Image full book list Login to post comments Gothic Image Tours
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Thursday, November 6, 2008 Why I Picket the Abortionist I PICKET because I know that babies are being killed every day in my community. These killings demand some act of intervention on the babies' behalf. I am there to intercede for them and their mothers before their date with the abortionist. I PICKET because many of the women having abortions are Christians* and some of them may go to my church or other churches in the community. My presence may encourage them to reconsider their decision or to ask their pastors about Christian teaching on abortion. This doctrine is rarely discussed in most churches. I PICKET because 43% of women having abortions have previously had an abortion. My presence makes a statement of protest and may influence some of them to act more responsibly in the future.* I PICKET because it makes the abortionists uncomfortable. They like to do their killing unobtrusively, under pretense that they are esteemed physicians. My presence calls attention to their motive of greed and their callous behavior. I PICKET because it sends a chilling message to the other doctors. Doctors know that a woman will cross a picket line for an abortion, but women don't want to cross that line for common medical treatment. Doctors know that if they start killing babies and we start picketing, they will lose many of their regular clients. I PICKET because our community needs to know where abortions are done and what goes on in the abortion mill. I am a grim and unpleasant reminder that offends our foes and ruffles the sensibilities of some of the prolife folks who would like to forget this national shame. I PICKET because it allows me to take a forthright, public stance. Each time I demonstrate, it forces me to re-examine my logic, my motive, my faith and my obedience to God. I PICKET because standing outside the abortion mill and being a witness to abortions each day gives me some comprehension of the aborting of America. That insight motivates me to be informed and active in several prolife programs. I PICKET because I believe that God wants me to. I believe that He uses my hands and feet to do something He wants done. Every once in a while He lets me see a little bit of what He is doing through the picket. That's my encouragement. I PICKET because it polarizes the community and encourages those who pass by to pick a side. This is a valid strategy because there are more prolife folks than there are proabortion folks. Picketers are an assault force that opens the battle. Once we have created the ideological beachhead, other activist groups are better able to do the work of informing, educating, and persuading. * Statistics from The Alan Guttmacher Institute. The hands of the unborn are too weak to ward off their own death. Their voices are silent and unable to protest their brutal treatment. These little ones have no effective hands or voices other than yours. Pete H Stephen Hindes is the abortionist at Healthy Futures for Women. He is also known as Steve Hindes. Sometimes they call the place Healthy Futures PC. No comments: Post a Comment
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Édith Piaf singing in front of a microphone (1962). Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist (in jazz and popular music).[1][2] Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal and popular music styles such as pop, rock, electronic dance music and filmi (Indian film songs). Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort or ritual, as part of music education or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction and regular practice. If practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong.[3] Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as classical or rock, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). Professional singers usually take voice training provided by voice teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. In its physical aspect, singing has a well-defined technique that depends on the use of the lungs, which act as an air supply or bellows; on the larynx, which acts as a reed or vibrator; on the chest, head cavities and skeleton, which have the function of an amplifier, as the tube in a wind instrument; and on the tongue, which together with the palate, teeth, and lips articulate and impose consonants and vowels on the amplified sound. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are nevertheless coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another.[4] During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort. Exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming. It has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa.[8][9] The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds.[10] Vocal registration Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a particular series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, and possessing the same quality. Registers originate in laryngeal function. They occur because the vocal folds are capable of producing several different vibratory patterns.[11] Each of these vibratory patterns appears within a particular range of pitches and produces certain characteristic sounds.[12] The occurrence of registers has also been attributed to effects of the acoustic interaction between the vocal fold oscillation and the vocal tract.[13] The term "register" can be somewhat confusing as it encompasses several aspects of the voice. The term register can be used to refer to any of the following:[14] • A resonance area such as chest voice or head voice. • A certain vocal timbre or vocal "color" Vocal resonation Cross-section of the head and neck Chest voice and head voice Chest voice and head voice are terms used within vocal music. The use of these terms varies widely within vocal pedagogical circles and there is currently no one consistent opinion among vocal music professionals in regards to these terms. Chest voice can be used in relation to a particular part of the vocal range or type of vocal register; a vocal resonance area; or a specific vocal timbre.[14] Head voice can be used in relation to a particular part of the vocal range or type of vocal register or a vocal resonance area.[14] In Men, the head voice is commonly referred to as the falsetto. History and development Classifying singing voices In European classical music and opera, voices are treated like musical instruments. Composers who write vocal music must have an understanding of the skills, talents, and vocal properties of singers. Voice classification is the process by which human singing voices are evaluated and are thereby designated into voice types. These qualities include but are not limited to vocal range, vocal weight, vocal tessitura, vocal timbre, and vocal transition points such as breaks and lifts within the voice. Other considerations are physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal registration.[21] The science behind voice classification developed within European classical music has been slow in adapting to more modern forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within opera to associate possible roles with potential voices. There are currently several different systems in use within classical music including the German Fach system and the choral music system among many others. No system is universally applied or accepted.[17] Within choral music, singers' voices are divided solely on the basis of vocal range. Choral music most commonly divides vocal parts into high and low voices within each sex (SATB, or soprano, alto, tenor, and bass). As a result, the typical choral situation gives many opportunities for misclassification to occur.[14] Since most people have medium voices, they must be assigned to a part that is either too high or too low for them; the mezzo-soprano must sing soprano or alto and the baritone must sing tenor or bass. Either option can present problems for the singer, but for most singers, there are fewer dangers in singing too low than in singing too high.[22] Vocal pedagogy Ercole de' Roberti: Concert, c. 1490 Vocal pedagogy is the study of the teaching of singing. The art and science of vocal pedagogy has a long history that began in Ancient Greece[25] and continues to develop and change today. Professions that practice the art and science of vocal pedagogy include vocal coaches, choral directors, vocal music educators, opera directors, and other teachers of singing. Vocal pedagogy concepts are a part of developing proper vocal technique. Typical areas of study include the following:[26][27] • Vocal health and voice disorders related to singing • Breathing and air support for singing • Phonation • Vocal resonation or Voice projection • Voice classification Vocal technique Real-time MRI of a vocal tract while singing. 1. Breath is taken 2. Sound is initiated in the larynx 3. The vocal resonators receive the sound and influence it 4. The articulators shape the sound into recognizable units 5. Correct posture for singing 6. Relaxation 7. Warm up before singing[28] Although these four processes are often considered separately when studied, in actual practice, they merge into one coordinated function. With an effective singer or speaker, one should rarely be reminded of the process involved as their mind and body are so coordinated that one only perceives the resulting unified function. Many vocal problems result from a lack of coordination within this process.[24] 1. Extending the vocal range to its maximum potential 2. Developing consistent vocal production with a consistent tone quality 3. Developing flexibility and agility 4. Achieving a balanced vibrato 5. A blend of chest and head voice on every note of the range[29] Developing the singing voice Singing is a skill that requires highly developed muscle reflexes. Singing does not require much muscle strength but it does require a high degree of muscle coordination. Individuals can develop their voices further through the careful and systematic practice of both songs and vocal exercises. Vocal exercises have several purposes, including[14] warming up the voice; extending the vocal range; "lining up" the voice horizontally and vertically; and acquiring vocal techniques such as legato, staccato, control of dynamics, rapid figurations, learning to sing wide intervals comfortably, singing trills, singing melismas and correcting vocal faults. Learning to sing is an activity that benefits from the involvement of an instructor. A singer does not hear the same sounds inside his or her head that others hear outside. Therefore, having a guide who can tell a student what kinds of sounds he or she is producing guides a singer to understand which of the internal sounds correspond to the desired sounds required by the style of singing the student aims to re-create.[citation needed] Health benefits 1. Works the lungs, tones up the intercostals and diaphragm. 2. Improves sleep 3. Benefits cardio function by improving aerobic capacity 4. Relaxes overall muscle tension 5. Improves posture. 6. Opens up sinuses and respiratory tubes 7. With training, could help decrease snoring 8. Releases endorphins 9. Boosts immune system 10. Helps improve physical balance in people affected by illnesses such as Parkinson's disease[30] Extending vocal range There are eight components of the ideal singing posture: 1. Feet slightly apart 2. Legs straight but knees slightly bent 3. Hips facing straight forward 4. Spine aligned 5. Abdomen flat 6. Chest comfortably forward 7. Shoulders down and back 8. Head facing straight forward Breathing and breath support Natural breathing has three stages: a breathing-in period, a breathing out period, and a resting or recovery period; these stages are not usually consciously controlled. Within singing, there are four stages of breathing: a breathing-in period (inhalation); a setting up controls period (suspension); a controlled exhalation period (phonation); and a recovery period. Vibrato is a technique in which a sustained note wavers very quickly and consistently between a higher and a lower pitch, giving the note a slight quaver. Vibrato is the pulse or wave in a sustained tone. Vibrato occurs naturally and is the result of proper breath support and a relaxed vocal apparatus.[33] Some studies have shown that vibrato is the result of a neuromuscular tremor in the vocal folds. In 1922 Max Schoen was the first to make the comparison of vibrato to a tremor due to change in amplitude, lack of automatic control and it being half the rate of normal muscular discharge.[34] Some singers use vibrato as a means of expression. Many successful artists can sing a deep, rich vibrato. Extended vocal technique Extended vocal techniques include rapping, screaming, growling, overtones, falsetto, yodeling, using a microphone and sound system, among others. Vocal music Vocal music is music performed by one or more singers, which are typically called songs, and which may be performed with or without instrumental accompaniment, in which singing provides the main focus of the piece. Vocal music is probably the oldest form of music since it does not require any instrument or equipment besides the voice. All musical cultures have some form of vocal music and there are many long-standing singing traditions throughout the world's cultures. Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered as instrumental music. For example, some blues rock songs may have a short, simple call-and-response chorus, but the emphasis in the song is on the instrumental melodies and improvisation. Vocal music typically features sung words called lyrics, although there are notable examples of vocal music that are performed using non-linguistic syllables or noises, sometimes as musical onomatopoeia. A short piece of vocal music with lyrics is broadly termed a song, although, in classical music, terms such as aria are typically used. Genres of vocal music A trio of female singers performing at the Berwald Hall in 2016. Vocal music is written in many different forms and styles which are often labeled within a particular genre of music. These genres include Indian classical music, Art music, popular music, traditional music, regional and national music, and fusions of those genres. Within these larger genres are many subgenres. For example, popular music would encompass blues, jazz, country music, easy listening, hip hop, rock music, and several other genres. There may also be a subgenre within a subgenre such as vocalese and scat singing in jazz. Popular and traditional music One difference between live performances in the popular and Classical genres is that whereas Classical performers often sing without amplification in small- to mid-size halls, in popular music, a microphone and PA system (amplifier and speakers) are used in almost all performance venues, even a small coffee house. The use of the microphone has had several impacts on popular music. For one, it facilitated the development of intimate, expressive singing styles such as "crooning" which would not have enough projection and volume if done without a microphone. As well, pop singers who use microphones can do a range of other vocal styles that would not project without amplification, such as making whispering sounds, humming, and mixing half-sung and sung tones. As well, some performers use the microphone's response patterns to create effects, such as bringing the mic very close to the mouth to get an enhanced bass response, or, in the case of hip-hop beatboxers, doing plosive "p" and "b" sounds into the mic to create percussive effects. In the 2000s, controversy arose over the widespread use of electronic Auto-Tune pitch correction devices with recorded and live popular music vocals. Controversy has also arisen due to cases where pop singers have been found to be lip-syncing to a pre-recorded recording of their vocal performance or, in the case of the controversial act Milli Vanilli, lip-syncing to tracks recorded by other uncredited singers. Sketches by artist Marguerite Martyn of women trying out for the chorus at the Delmar Theater in St. Louis in May 1906, with quotations from some of those pictured The salaries and working conditions for vocalists vary a great deal. While jobs in other music fields such as music education choir conductors tend to be based on full-time, salaried positions, singing jobs tend to be based on contracts for individual shows or performances, or for a sequence of shows Aspiring singers and vocalists must have musical skill, an excellent voice, the ability to work with people, and a sense of showmanship and drama. Additionally, singers need to have the ambition and drive to continually study and improve,[35] Professional singers continue to seek out vocal coaching to hone their skills, extend their range, and learn new styles. As well, aspiring singers need to gain specialized skills in the vocal techniques used to interpret songs, learn about the vocal literature from their chosen style of music, and gain skills in choral music techniques, sight singing and memorizing songs, and vocal exercises. Some singers learn other music jobs, such as the composing, music producing and songwriting. Some singers put videos on YouTube and streaming apps. Singers market themselves to buyers of vocal talent, by doing auditions in front of a music director. Depending on the style of vocal music that a person has trained in, the "talent buyers" that they seek out may be record company, A&R representatives, music directors, choir directors, nightclub managers, or concert promoters. A CD or DVD with excerpts of vocal performances is used to demonstrate a singer's skills. Some singers hire an agent or manager to help them to seek out paid engagements and other performance opportunities; the agent or manager is often paid by receiving a percentage of the fees that the singer gets from performing onstage. Singing competitions There are several television shows that showcase singing. American Idol was launched in 2002. The first singing reality show was Sa Re Ga Ma Pa launched by Zee TV in the 1995.[36] At the American Idol Contestants audition in front of a panel of judges to see if they can move on to the next round in Hollywood, from then, the competition begins. The field of contestants is narrowed down week by week until a winner is chosen. To move on to the next round, the contestants' fate is determined by a vote by viewers. The Voice is another singing competition program. Similar to American Idol, the contestants audition in front of a panel of judges, however, the judges' chairs are faced towards the audience during the performance. If the coaches are interested in the artist, they will press their button signifying they want to coach them. Once the auditions conclude, coaches have their team of artists and the competition begins. Coaches then mentor their artists and they compete to find the best singer. Other well-known singing competitions include The X Factor, America's Got Talent, Rising Star and The Sing-Off. Health benefits Scientific studies suggest that singing can have positive effects on people's health. A preliminary study based on self-reported data from a survey of students participating in choral singing found perceived benefits including increased lung capacity, improved mood, stress reduction, as well as perceived social and spiritual benefits.[37] However, one much older study of lung capacity compared those with professional vocal training to those without, and failed to back up the claims of increased lung capacity.[38] Singing may positively influence the immune system through the reduction of stress. One study found that both singing and listening to choral music reduces the level of stress hormones and increases immune function.[39] A multinational collaboration to study the connection between singing and health was established in 2009, called Advancing Interdisciplinary Research in Singing (AIRS).[40] Singing provides physical, cognitive, and emotional benefits to participants. When they step on stage, many singers forget their worries and focus solely on the song. Singing is becoming a more widely known method of increasing an individual's overall health and wellness, in turn helping them to battle diseases such as cancer more effectively due to decreased stress, releasing of endorphin's, and increased lung capacity.[41] Effect on the brain John Daniel Scott, among others, have cited that "people who sing are more likely to be happy". This is because "singing elevates the levels of neurotransmitters which are associated with pleasure and well being". Humans have a long prehistory of music, especially singing; before written language, stories were passed down through song,[citation needed] because song is often more memorable. There is also evidence that music or singing may have evolved in humans before language. Levitin, in his This is Your Brain on Music, argues that "music may be the activity that prepared our pre-human ancestors for speech communication" and that "singing ... might have helped our species to refine motor skills, paving the way for the development of the exquisitely fine muscle control required for vocal ... speech" (260).[42] On the other hand, he cites Pinker, who "argued that language is an adaptation and music is its Spandrel ... an evolutionary accident piggybacking on language" (248).[42] Studies have found evidence suggesting the mental, as well as physical, benefits of singing. When conducting a study with 21 members of a choir at three different points over one year, three themes suggested three areas of benefits; the social impact (connectedness with others), personal impact (positive emotions, self-perception, etc.), and functional outcomes (health benefits of being in the choir). Findings showed that a sense of wellbeing is associated with singing, by uplifting the mood of the participants and releasing endorphins in the brain. Many singers also reported that the singing helped then regulate stress and relax, allowing them to deal better with their daily lives. From a social perspective, approval from the audience, and interaction with other choir members in a positive manner is also beneficial. Singing is beneficial for pregnant mothers. By giving them another medium of communication with their newborns, mothers in one study reported feelings of love and affection when singing to their unborn children. They also reported feeling more relaxed than ever before during their stressful pregnancy. A song can have nostalgic significance by reminding a singer of the past, and momentarily transport them, allowing them to focus on singing and embrace the activity as an escape from their daily lives and problems.[43] Effect on body A recent study by Tenovus Cancer Care found that singing in a choir for just one hour boosts levels of immune proteins in cancer patients and has a positive overall effect on the health of patients. The study explores the possibility that singing could help put patients in the best mental and physical shape to receive the treatment they need, by reducing stress hormones, and increasing quantities of cytokines- proteins of the immune system that can increase the body's ability to fight disease. "Singing gives you physical benefits like breath control and muscle movement and enunciation, as well as the learning benefits of processing information" says a musical director and accompanist in the study. The enunciation and speech benefits tie into the language benefits detailed below.[44] Some have advocated, as in an 2011 article in the Toronto Star, that everyone to sing, even if they are not musically talented, because of its health benefits. Singing lowers blood pressure by releasing pent up emotions, boosting relaxation and reminding them of happy times. It also allows singers to breathe more easily. Patients with lung disease and chronic pulmonary disease experience relief from their symptoms from singing just two times a week. In addition to breathing related illness, singing also has numerous benefits for stroke victims when it comes to relearning the ability to speak and communicate by singing their thoughts. Singing activates the right side of the brain when the left side cannot function (the left side is the area of the brain responsible for speech), so it is easy to see how singing can be an excellent alternative to speech while the victim heals.[45] Singing and language Every natural or non-natural language has its own intrinsic musicality which affects singing by means of pitch, phrasing and accent. Neurological aspects Much research has been done recently on the link between music and language, especially singing. It is becoming increasingly clear that these two processes are very much alike, and yet also different. Levitin describes how, beginning with the eardrum, sound waves are translated into pitch, or a tonotopic map, and then shortly thereafter "speech and music probably diverge into separate processing circuits" (130).[42] There is evidence that neural circuits used for music and language may start out in infants undifferentiated. There are several areas of the brain that are used for both language and music. For example, Brodmann area 47, which has been implicated in the processing of syntax in oral and sign languages, as well as musical syntax and semantic aspects of language. Levitin recounts how in certain studies, "listening to music and attending its syntactic features," similar to the syntactic processes in language, activated this part of the brain. In addition, "musical syntax ... has been localized to ... areas adjacent to and overlapping with those regions that process speech syntax, such as Broca's area" and "the regions involved in musical semantics .. appear to be [localized] near Wernicke's area." Both Broca's area and Wernicke's area are important steps in language processing and production. Singing has been shown to help stroke victims recover speech. According to neurologist Gottfried Schlaug, there is a corresponding area to that of speech, which resides in the left hemisphere, on the right side of the brain.[46] This is casually known as the "singing center." By teaching stroke victims to sing their words, this can help train this area of the brain for speech. In support of this theory, Levitin asserts that "regional specificity," such as that for speech, "may be temporary, as the processing centers for important mental functions actually move to other regions after trauma or brain damage."[42] Thus in the right hemisphere of the brain, the "singing center" may be retrained to help produce speech.[47] Accents and singing Singing animals Scholars agree that singing is strongly present in many different species.[50][51] Wide dispersal of singing behavior among very different animal species, like birds, gibbons, whales, and many others strongly suggests that singing appeared independently in different species. Currently, there are about 5400 species of animals that are known to sing. At least some singing species demonstrate the ability to learn their songs, to improvise and even to compose new melodies.[52] In some animal species singing is a group activity (see, for example, singing in gibbon families.[53]) See also Art music Other music 1. ^ "VOCALIST – meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary". Retrieved 30 January 2019. 2. ^ "Vocalist | Definition of vocalist in US English by Oxford Dictionaries". 3. ^ Falkner, Keith, ed. (1983). Voice. Yehudi Menuhin music guides. London: MacDonald Young. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-356-09099-3. OCLC 10418423. 4. ^ "Singing". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 5. ^ a b c polka dots Vennard, William (1967). Singing: the mechanism and the technic. New York: Carl Fischer Music. ISBN 978-0-8258-0055-9. OCLC 248006248. 6. ^ Hunter, Eric J; Titze, Ingo R (2004). "Overlap of hearing and voicing ranges in singing" (PDF). Journal of Singing. 61 (4): 387–392. 7. ^ Hunter, Eric J; Švec, Jan G; Titze, Ingo R (December 2006). "Comparison of the produced and perceived voice range profiles in untrained and trained classical singers". J Voice. 20 (4): 513–526. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.009. PMC 4782147. PMID 16325373. 8. ^ Titze, I. R. (23 September 1995). "What's in a voice". New Scientist: 38–42. 9. ^ Speak and Choke 1, by Karl S. Kruszelnicki, ABC Science, News in Science, 2002 10. ^ Lucero, Jorge C. (1995). "The minimum lung pressure to sustain vocal fold oscillation". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 98 (2): 779–784. Bibcode:1995ASAJ...98..779L. doi:10.1121/1.414354. ISSN 0001-4966. PMID 7642816. 11. ^ Lucero, Jorge C. (1996). "Chest‐ and falsetto‐like oscillations in a two‐mass model of the vocal folds". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 100 (5): 3355–3359. Bibcode:1996ASAJ..100.3355L. doi:10.1121/1.416976. ISSN 0001-4966. 12. ^ Large, John W (February–March 1972). "Towards an integrated physiologic-acoustic theory of vocal registers". The NATS Bulletin. 28: 30–35. ISSN 0884-8106. OCLC 16072337. 13. ^ Lucero, Jorge C.; Lourenço, Kélem G.; Hermant, Nicolas; Hirtum, Annemie Van; Pelorson, Xavier (2012). "Effect of source–tract acoustical coupling on the oscillation onset of the vocal folds" (PDF). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 132 (1): 403–411. Bibcode:2012ASAJ..132..403L. doi:10.1121/1.4728170. ISSN 0001-4966. PMID 22779487. 14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k McKinney, James C (1994). The diagnosis and correction of vocal faults. Nashville, TN: Genovex Music Group. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-56593-940-0. OCLC 30786430. 15. ^ Greene, Margaret; Mathieson, Lesley (2001). The voice and its disorders (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-86156-196-1. OCLC 47831173. 16. ^ Grove, George; Sadie, Stanley, eds. (1980). The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians. 6: Edmund to Fryklunde. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-174-9. OCLC 191123244. 19. ^ Miller, Richard (2004). Solutions for singers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-19-516005-5. OCLC 51258100. 20. ^ Warrack, John Hamilton; West, Ewan (1992). The Oxford dictionary of opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-869164-8. OCLC 25409395. 21. ^ Shewan, Robert (January–February 1979). "Voice classification: An examination of methodology". The NATS Bulletin. 35 (3): 17–27. ISSN 0884-8106. OCLC 16072337. 22. ^ Smith, Brenda; Thayer Sataloff, Robert (2005). Choral pedagogy. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59756-043-6. OCLC 64198260. 23. ^ Peckham, Anne (2005). Vocal workouts for the contemporary singer. Boston: Berklee Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-87639-047-4. OCLC 60826564. 24. ^ a b c Appelman, Dudley Ralph (1986). The science of vocal pedagogy: theory and application. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 434. ISBN 978-0-253-35110-4. OCLC 13083085. 25. ^ "Ancient Greek Music". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 June 2017. 26. ^ Titze Ingo R (2008). "The human instrument". Scientific American. 298 (1): 94–101. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298a..94T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94. PMID 18225701. 27. ^ Titze Ingo R (1994). Principles of voice production. Prentice Hall. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-13-717893-3. 28. ^ "Voice techniques". 19 February 2018. 29. ^ "singing with a mix". 19 February 2018. 30. ^ "Ten benefits of singing". 26 March 2014. 31. ^ "How much can a singer sing before they reach their limits? May 16, 2014, from". 32. ^ Sundberg Johan (January–February 1993). "Breathing behavior during singing" (PDF). The NATS Journal. 49: 2–9, 49–51. ISSN 0884-8106. OCLC 16072337. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2019. 34. ^ James Stark (2003). Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy. University of Toronto Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-8020-8614-3. 35. ^ "National Association for Music Education (NAfME)". 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2017. 36. ^ "Contestants on Saregamapa". 10 March 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017. 37. ^ Clift, SM; Hancox, G (2001). "The perceived benefits of singing". The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 121 (4): 248–256. doi:10.1177/146642400112100409. PMID 11811096. 38. ^ Heller, Stanley S; Hicks, William R; Root, Walter S (1960). "Lung volumes of singers". J Appl Physiol. 15 (1): 40–42. doi:10.1152/jappl.1960.15.1.40. PMID 14400875. 39. ^ Kreutz, Gunter; Bongard, Stephan; Rohrmann, Sonja; Hodapp, Volker; Grebe, Dorothee (December 2004). "Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state". Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 27 (6): 623–635. doi:10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9. PMID 15669447. 40. ^ Mick, Hayley (19 June 2009). "Doctor's prescription: 2 arias + a chorus". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. 41. ^ Clarke, Heather Laura (20 June 2014). "Chronicle-Herald". ProQuest 1774037978. 42. ^ a b c d Levitin, Daniel J. (2006). This is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession. New York: Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-28852-2. 43. ^ Dingle, Genevieve (2012). ""To be heard": The social and mental health benefits of choir singing for disadvantaged adults" (PDF). Psychology of Music. 41 (4): 405–421. doi:10.1177/0305735611430081. 44. ^ sciencedaily, from ecancermedicalscience (4 April 2016). "Choir singing boosts immune system activity in cancer patients and carers, study shows". Retrieved 10 November 2016. 45. ^ Dr. Oz; Dr. Roizen (25 April 2011). "You Docs: 5 reasons to sing – even if you can't carry a tune". The Star. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2011 – via Proquest. 46. ^ "Singing 'rewires' damaged brain". BBC News. 21 February 2010. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2015. 47. ^ Psyche Loui, Catherine Y. Wan, Gottfried Schlaug (July 2010). "Neurological Bases of Musical Disorders and Their Implications for Stroke Recovery" (PDF). Acoustics Today. 6 (3): 28–36. doi:10.1121/1.3488666. PMC 3145418. PMID 21804770.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) 48. ^ Alleyne, Richard (2 August 2010). "Rock 'n' roll best sung in American accents". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2013. 50. ^ Marler, Peter (1970). "Birdsong and speech development: Could there be parallels?". American Scientist. 58 (6): 669–73. JSTOR 27829317. PMID 5480089. 51. ^ Wallin, Nils, Bjorn Merker, Steven Brown. (Editors) (2000). The origins of music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT 52. ^ Payne, Katherine (2000). "The progressively changing songs of humpback whales: a window on the creative process in a wild animal." In The Origins of Music. Edited by N. L. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 135–150. Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT 53. ^ Geissmann, Thomas. 2000. "Gibbon songs and human music from an evolutionary perspective." (archived 3 January 2011) In The origins of Music. Edited by N. Wallin, B. Merker and S. Brown, pp. 103–124. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Further reading External links • A Brief History of Singing • Singing and Health: A systematic mapping and review of non-clinical research Retrieved from "" This content was retrieved from Wikipedia : This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article "Singing"; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA
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Welcome to MIT Institute Events Our department is part of the Office of the Vice President and comprises visitor information, Conference Services, Community Services, Commencement, and several lecture series. The mission of Institute Events is to meet the information needs of the MIT community, campus visitors, and the public; to orchestrate and advise on issues of protocol; to distribute knowledge and best practices in event planning and coordination; to promote community within MIT and hospitality to campus guests; and to support conferences and direct events that sustain MIT’s global leadership in education, research, and innovation. Enjoy a virtual tour of MIT’s signature buildings! This year marks the 150th anniversary of the School of Architecture and Planning at MIT, the oldest architecture school in the United States. More: Arts at MIT and MIT School of Architecture and Planning
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Tag Archives: happiness Isa @ Ted Week Ucla – Why being happy matters And… I’m back! Smile and be grateful, 5 minutes per day It sounds as a cliche, but in fact, one of the key factors for feeling happy, is being grateful. Focus on everything that you have and you like, and all those things that went well, instead of spending your time thinking about what is going wrong in your life. Also, our brain sometimes likes to be tricked. Every time we smile and act happy, it starts believing that we really are and starts producing more dopamine to make us feel even better. So I decided to put these two thoughts together and try one new thing in my life: Every day I wake up, and I spend my first five minutes thinking of everything that I’m grateful for. It can be a dessert I had last night, as well as people I’ve met and became important to me. I close my eyes and I smile while I’m thinking about it. I set the alarm and the time flies by while I’m doing that. The five minutes are gone but, somehow, I’m still smiling inside! Happy: the movie I just watched Happy, the movie. I’m feeling so inspired that I want to share some of the things I learned! First, what I found most interesting is that a lot of people attribute happiness to the current circumstances of their lives. For example, their social status, relationship or jobs. However, those only define 10% of your ‘happy level’. 40% of how you feel is a consequence of conscious actions you take everyday, like playing, changing routines, doing something good for you and the others. The other 50% can be found on your genes. Second, as social beings, we need interaction. Collaborating with others is one of the key factors to release dopamine in your brain and, therefore, make you feel better. Denmark was considered one of the happiest countries and, one of the reasons for that, is the abundance of cohousing communities. In those buildings, everyone gets to help each other and, by doing that, they have more time to spend with what really matters. Bhutan, which is a country you usually don’t hear much about, even created the Gross National Happiness as a goal to pursue and evaluate the quality of the govern. It’s a poor country, but when you compare it to Japan, which has a high Gross National Product, the bhutanese are considered way happier and satisfied. If you’re determined to be a happier person, another thing that helps, is being so immersed in something that you love doing, that you actually feel complete every time you’re doing it.  Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi calls this state as ‘FLOW’. Surfing and Rock Climbing are good examples for that. So, no more excuses, go shake your bone and find yourself new things to do that will make you the happiest person on earth! Refresh Everything – let’s vote IsA Wonderful World is one of the finalists to receive a grand from Pepsi and change the communities in USA. Our plan is to spend three months traveling all USA and make interventions in at least thirty different cities. You can find some examples of the interventions we’ll make here. Or watch this 1min video that describes our main proposal: If you like the idea and want to help us bringing more joy and break the routine of big cities, please visit the Refresh Everything site and vote on our idea! The Ultimate Intervention is getting closer To clarify this event a little, I create this website. Sadness is the lack of Joy I’m sorry for this short absence. I’ve been in a midterm week at school and busy with many things less nice than doing interventions. But even though it’s almost 2am I couldn’t not share with you this web site that I just came across. It’s a Brazilian project called O que é tristeza pra você (What is sadness for you?) that consists of many short documentaries where artists are invited to answer this question. The first answer was the title of this post, and when I watched the video response of Rita Pires I was amused to see that we share the same opinion: Happiness is in the small things, like a flower blooming and a genuine “good morning”. There are subtitles is English, so I guess it’s worthy to take a look: [vimeo http://vimeo.com/17311424] Why being happy matters First, being happy is not only important to your social life, but also to your health. People who consider themselves happy are also more inclined to live longer and are less susceptible to heart attacks. In his book “Authentic Happiness”, Martin Seligman3 describes a study made with some nuns and based on the autobiographical essays they wrote when they were accepted in the convent. After sixty years, it was noted that the biggest part of the most cheerful nuns were still alive, while the others might had already died ten years before. And what gives more authenticity to this research is that, since they were all living together under the same conditions, you can eliminate any external variable that could influence in the result.This fact might be explained by the higher levels of Immunoglobin A that happier people also present. This protein plays an important whole in our immune system.4 Also, there are many studies to prove that Happiness is directly related to Kindness. The psychologist Alice Isen, from Cornell University, once developed a study where she left some dimes in pay phones and after people hang up, another person would be passing by and dropped a stack of paper. Those people who used the phone with extra money were much more inclined in helping the others than those who didn’t have gained anything. She has also distributed candies and played with people always in order to raise positive emotions on them and the result was always the same: People who have been exposed to these positive feelings were much more helpful than the others.5 In a bigger scale, this relation is also true. A report leaded by Charities Aid Foundation found out that nations where people are more glad to be alive tend to contribute more to charity, independently of their national income. Australia and New Zealand, for example, are the most giving countries while their wellbeing score is more than 7.0 in a scale of 10.6 Finally, Happiness is contagious. According to Nicholas Christakis’ study, if you’re a happy person, you’re much more inclined to be surrounded by equally happy people, and the opposite is also true. The reason of that is because we tend to search for people with similar interests and behaviors, and we also tend to copy what is around us. For example, if my very close friend gains weight, my risk of getting fatter also increases. Images by Max Wanger. The Ultimate Intervention Lately I’ve been receiving a lot of ideas of nice things to do to break the routine of people by bringing joy. So I decided to take a day to invite people to do the same, wherever they are. I already have representatives in USA and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), and the more the merrier. Imagine how nice would it be to have many people engaged in doing nice things all around the world, at least for one day? So I’m developing some kits of everything you need to make these interventions and I’m willing to send them to everyone who decides to participate. All I ask is that you record (pictures or movies) and send to me so I can publish it here! Also, invite your friends, you’re going to notice that is much, much more fun if you have some company! Don Norman said that happy people are more inclined to act positively and be kinder to others. So, why not? It could be the start of a kind chain. I also understand that each place has its specific characteristics, so I would love to hear your suggestion of what to do in your city. If you’re interested, or curious, please send me an e-mail to isawonderfulworld [at] yahoo [dot]  com with the subject “Ultimate Intervention” and let me know where you are! Let’s have fun together!
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Magnesium Dosage for Constipation Magnesium Dosage for Constipation Constipation is one of the most discomfort causing conditions. If you too struggle with irregularity, you might be looking for different methods to get rid of it. A large number of medications are offered in the market for treating constipation. People may even suggest you to use natural home remedy for getting rid of constipation. You must have also become aware of the use of magnesium for dealing with constipation. Let us first have a look at the benefits of taking magnesium for treating constipation. • As stress has been associated with diarrhea and constipation, stress management and behavior modifications have been suggested by some researchers. • It includes techniques of relaxation and meditation apart from counseling. • Cystitis: The inflammation of the urinary bladder, also referred to as cystitis, is more common in women than men. • However, it may be one of the causes for stomach pain in guys. • The symptoms consist of pressure in the pelvic area, pain during urination, frequent urination, and blood or a foul smell in the urine. Taking certain medications during pregnancy can also cause green bowel movement. For instance, pregnant women reeling under a sinus infection often use antibiotics to get relief. Defecation of green feces has been attributed to intake of these antibiotics. Green bowel movement after taking antibiotics is not uncommon and usually stops after the medication is halted. Reducing the dose after consulting a doctor might also help to bring back regular stool color. Although Milk is Not Greasy, Milk Products are Greasy Milk and milk products can cause diarrhea. Milk products are fermented, which can also be a cause of diarrhea. There are some people who are lactose intolerant. Thus, after consumption of milk and milk products, they suffer from diarrhea. Typical Symptoms Constipation,Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pain may radiate to the back and shoulders. Pain May Aggravate on Taking Deep Breaths. Pain normally develops after a heavy, fatty meal, especially during nighttime. Pain May be Accompanied by Heartburn, Chest Pain and Bloating. Natural Remedies for Ibs (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) . Irregular Symptoms At times, the affected individual may experience signs that might appear to be unrelated to gallbladder issues. Such atypical symptoms are often overlooked and the underlying condition is left untreated till it flares. PDF File Get this page in .pdf.
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Telephone Call - April 13, 1968 - Between James L. Alcock, Assistant District Attorney, and David Logan. A. This is Jim Alcock, David from New Orleans. L. Yes. Now let me change phones. Hold on. A. Sure. L. How are you? A. Fine. I want to apologize, you know, right off the bat. You know, they called me out of town, you know, the day before I was supposed to give you a call. That morning. But I wasn't able to give you a call, and that's the reason I hadn't called you. I called you yesterday, but I called you early and I know the other night you said that you usually don't get home until late. L. No. I was singing a concert last night. A. Oh, I see. I see. How is it up there now? Are you still having any trouble? L. Well, no. Things are quiet and they called the troops out. A. Oh, they did? L. They're back and the National Guard is supposed to leave town like tomorrow. A. Oh, I see. Things have gone back to normal. L. Well, realively normal. A. Well, we didn't have much trouble down here. I went out a couple times with the police, but it wasn't anything serious. Listen, but what I wanted to ask you about was you say you met Shaw at a party I think, as I understand it. L. Right. A. Who - and Ferrie was at the party? L. Yes. A. Were you introduced to Ferrie? L. Oh, no. It was pointed out to me later that that was who the guy was. A. Do you recall who pointed him out to you? Was it Shaw? L. No. It was the host of the party. A. Oh, I see. Where was the party? Down in the Quarter? L. Yes, it was on Gov. Nichols Street, and I've been racking my brain since I talked to you trying to think of the names of the guys who gave the party. And this may help you. They ran, and they may still run, it was two guys that ran an antique shop on Royal Street called "The London Shop". A. "The London Shop"? L. Right. A. Is it an antique or clothing? L. Antique. A. Antique? All right. L. And I believe it was like the corner of Royal and one block North of Toulouse. A. I see. Where you had met them earlier or something? L. Right. I was working for a flower shop at the time, and I arranged the flowers for their parties, and this particular party which was just before Mardi Gras. And so when I - I got invited to the party through that. A. I see. Mardi Gras what year Dave? Do you remember what year it was? L. Let me see. It was '61. A. Oh, '61 huh. And Shaw was at the party? Were you introduced to him at that time for the first time? L. No. It was the [illegible] ... that. A. You had met him at a bar? Do you remember which one it was? L. Dixie's. A. Dixie's? L. And also another place called the - oh, it's on the corner of Toulouse and Chartres. Some kind of house. The Gally House. A. The Galley House? L. Right. A. Oh, I see. Yeah. How did you happen to meet him. Did somebody introduce you to him, or you just struck up a conversation? L. We just started a conversation. A. Conversation. I see. I think you told me the last time we spoke on the phone that you had been to bed with him one time. Is that right? L. That's right. A. What - did you ever know anything about his - you know his whip deals, you know, where he - L. His whips? A. Yes, his whips. L. Yes, I do. A. What was behind that, or how - ? L. Well, what was behind it? A. I mean, not only behind it, what did you know about it? What did you see? L. Well, I got whipped in the course of that ordeal. A. How do you mean? L. Well, just a minute. A. All right. L. I was invited for dinner, and we were served a - I was served a meal. He was at one end of a 9 foot table and I was at the other end and so on. A. Just the two of you? L. Right. Well, there was a maid and she was [text missing] And things got a little hairy, and we got into a real funny situation in the bedroom, and all kinds of - and I was asked to do some strange things that I had never been asked to do before. A. I see. L. Like beating on the ass; perform - well let's see - Well here you go. Are you ready? A. Don't be bashful. That's all right. L. He said to shit in his mouth and pee in his mouth or all over him and things like this. And it was, you know, really kind of traumatic as far as I was concerned. I had never come across anything like this. I've heard about people like this, but had never come in contact with them. A. Right. L. And it was - all of this was real strange. He had a - only one nipple. I don't know why, but it was real queer to be [text missing] all over the place. Really a masochistic type of person. A. Yeah. L. To me. But I understand from other people that have - A. Well, how did the whips come in? You said you were threatened L. He asked me to beat him. A. Oh, I see. And where - did you actually do it? L. No. No, I didn't. No that wasn't my cup of tea. At that point I said, you know, please, I'm not cut out for this sort of thing and left. A. Yeah. Is that the only time that you were up there with him? L. On that particular kind of level. I was there socially a couple of other times visiting with friends. A. Do you recall any of the names of any of his closer friends? L. Well, there was a guy whose name was John Dodt. [Handwritten note: Dodt's name surfaces in the Kerry Thornley file (see B. Reid's listing of Dodt's associates)] A. John Who? L. John Dodt. D O D T. Has this name come up before? A. Yeah. I think I've heard it before. L. And, then these two antique dealers. And I can't remember their names to save my life. And I can find them out because I have a friend who remembers them. A. Uh, huh. L. But I haven't been able to get ahold of him since I talked to you. A. I see. L. And, that's about - I mean - you know, as far as that went that's about all I can tell you. A. Yeah. Uh huh. What - you don't know of any dealings he might have had with some young colored males? L. No, that was sort of verboten in the set I went around in. A. Oh, I see. L. And it just wasn't the thing to do so I really didn't get involved in that. I did meet one once that I recall, but I don't recall the kid's name. He was young and rather on the - what appeared to be a Mulatto of some kind. A. Oh, I see. What about Ferrie now? You say you met him at a party. L. At the same party. A. At the same party the second time you saw Shaw huh? L. Right. A. And what did he look like? Can you describe him? L. He was very scrubby. He was the only person at the party wearing Levis, and a dirty, tacky sweatshirt, and, you know, just real - he was wearing a pair of dark glasses, and rumors were spreading around that he was high on pot or something like that. A. Yeah. Okay. What - do you think perhaps if I gave you a call in a few more nights you could see your buddy and find out the names of these two guys? L. Yeah. Yeah. Well, if you could - they owned the place at the time. A. Well, I could check that out. L. And so I'm sure you could check it out. But I can definitely give you the names of them later. A. Well, maybe I can give you a call some time in the [text missing] L. Another real close friend of his was an organist. A. An organist? L. Right. Who played at an Episcopal church in New Orleans, and the only name that I can recall is Beezer, and I don't know the last name. And he and Shaw were real, real chummy. L. No. No. There was a friend of Shaw's from North Carolina who I met once, who was real thick. A. Real what? L. Thick. A. In what way? L. He was apparently, an extreme alcoholic, and they were supposed to have been friends for a number of years, and they [tro]tted[?] back and forth to New Orleans. And this is the guy who ah - who has a lot of drag. A. A lot of what? L. Female clothing. A. Oh, I see. Well, let me ask you this. What was - was Shaw noted in that group of being sort of sado-masochistic? L. Yes. A. Do you know anybody else in that group that participated in those activities? Did you know a couple by the name of Owens that owned, I think, the Old French Opera House or something of that kind? L. Yes. Yes, I met them. A. You had met them? L. Yes. It was Bob, let's see. A. Judith? L. Yeah. A. Do you recall what - were they in that group? L. Well, I don't know about this. But there was a bar that was on the corner of - well you know where Tony Becino's is? A. Right. L. On this corner of that, and it was called by a woman's name. The corner of Toulouse and Bourbon. Kitty-corner to the Opera House. A. Francine's or whatever it is? L. Well, it might be that now, but back then it was something else. A. I see. L. I thought - I met Shaw in there. A. Was it San Souci's Bar? L. Right. It was the San Souci Bar. They called it by a woman's name though most of the time. A. Oh, I see. L. And this woman was involved in some prostitution backing male and female, and Shaw was a regular patron there. And I met him in there on several occasions. A. Do you mean like he would be just going to a house of prostitution, but instead of getting a female he got a male? L. Uh huh. Well, you know, working out of this place. A. Yeah. Well then he wasn't very - L. He wasn't discreet at all. A. Discreet. Yeah, that's what I was about to say. L. No. Well, I'm sure you both know this. A. Yeah. Right. L. Very flagrant in fact. He was also, as I recall - let's see, there was a man and a woman that ran that bar called the Galley House, or were partners in it. He was very good friends with them. In fact, I saw him lend them money from time to time, or take large quantities of money from him when I was in there. This is a regular Saturday afternoon hangout. Saturday afternoon hangout for a lot of people, and he was quite well known in that establishment. A. Can you recall any other places that he frequented? L. No. A. Did he go to Dixie's much? L. Yes. All the time. A. What's the name of that other place I'm thinking of. L. Well, Lafitte's In Exile. A. Yeah. Did he go there? L. Yes. A. Do you know a boy by the name of Layton Martens? L. No, I didn't. Layton Martens. A. M A R T E N S. Young, blonde, crew haircutted boy. L. No. I - listen, when I was down there I met millions of people, and it's kind of hard to recall names because it's been a long time. Layton Martens. Uh, what did he do? A. Well, he was a student at the time. I think he went to Southeastern or Southwestern. L. No. No. I don't remember that. Listen, can I call you back in about 30 minutes. I've got some company here. A. Oh. Well, let me just call you and maybe in, how about the middle of the week and perhaps you'll have that name? L. Oh. Okay. Well listen - Well, I'll tell you what. Well, let's see, you don't want to call me you because you don't want me because you want to call from another phone? A. Well, I'm at a pay station now, you see, and I want to move because I just don't trust our office phones. L. Okay. Why don't - okay. L. Well, I know I can get that information for you over the weekend. Why don't you give me a call on Tuesday night at 9 o'clock? A. 9 P.M. your time? L. Right. A. All right. L. Is that too late for you? A. No. No, not at all. L. Okay. And I'll get those names for you. A. Okay. Thanks a lot David.
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The Road to Hell (Prophetic Dream of St. John Bosco 1868 A.D.) On Sunday night, May 3 [1868], the feast of Saint Joseph's patronage, Don Bosco resumed the narration of his dreams: I have another dream to tell you, a sort of aftermath of those I told you last Thursday and Friday which totally exhausted me. Call them dreams or whatever you like. Always, as you know, on the night of April 17 a frightful toad seemed bent on devouring me. When it finally vanished, a voice said to me: "Why don't you tell them?" I turned in that direction and saw a distinguished person standing by my bed. Feeling guilty about my silence, I asked: "What should I tell my boys?" "What you have seen and heard in your last dreams and what you have wanted to know and shall have revealed to you tomorrow night!" He then vanished. I spent the whole next day worrying about the miserable night in store for me, and when evening came, loath to go to bed, I sat at my desk browsing through books until midnight. The mere thought of having more nightmares thoroughly scare me. However, with great effort, I finally went to bed. "Get up and follow me!" he said. "For Heaven's sake," I protested, "leave me alone. I am exhausted! I've been tormented by a toothache for several days now and need rest. Besides, nightmares have completely worn me out." I said this because this man's apparition always means trouble, fatigue, and terror for me. "Get up," he repeated. "You have no time to lose." I complied and followed him. "Where are you taking me?" I asked. "Never mind. You'll see." He led me to a vast, boundless plain, veritably a lifeless desert, with not a soul in sight or a tree or brook. Yellowed, dried-up vegetation added to the desolation I had no idea where I was or what was I to do. For a moment I even lost sight of my guide and feared that I was lost, utterly alone. Father Rua, Father Francesia, nowhere to be seen. When I finally saw my friend coming toward me, I sighed in relief. "Where am I?" I asked. "Come with me and you will find out!" "All right. I'll go with you." "Where to now?" I asked my guide. "This way," he replied. We took the road. It was beautiful, wide, and neatly paved. "The way of sinners is made plain with stones, and in their end is hell, and darkness, and pains. " (Ecclesiasticus 21: 11, stones: broad and easy.) Both sides were lined with magnificent verdant hedges dotted with gorgeous flowers. Roses, especially, peeped everywhere through the leaves. At first glance, the road was level and comfortable, and so I ventured upon it without the least suspicion, but soon I noticed that it insensibly kept sloping downward. Though it did not look steep at all, I found myself moving so swiftly that I felt I was effortlessly gliding through the air. Really, I was gliding and hardly using my feet. Then the thought struck me that the return trip would be very long and arduous. "How shall we get back to the Oratory?" I asked worriedly. "Do not worry," he answered. "The Almighty wants you to go. He who leads you on will also know how to lead you back." The road is sloping downward. As we were continuing on our way, flanked by banks of roses and other flowers, I became aware that the Oratory boys and very many others whom I did not know were following me. Somehow I found myself in their midst. As I was looking at them, I noticed now one, now another fall to the ground and instantly be dragged by an unseen force toward a frightful drop, distantly visible, which sloped into a furnace. "What makes these boys fall?" I asked my companion. "The proud have hidden a net for me. And they have stretched out cords for a snare: they have laid for me a stumbling-block by the wayside." (Psalms 139: 6) "Take a closer look," he replied. I did. Traps were everywhere, some close to the ground, others at eye level, but all well concealed. Unaware of their danger, many boys got caught, and they tripped, they would sprawl to the ground, legs in the air. Then, when they managed to get back on their feet, they would run headlong down the road toward the abyss. Some got trapped by the head, others by the neck, hand, arms, legs, or sides, and were pulled down instantly. The ground traps, fine as spiders' webs and hardly visible, seemed very flimsy and harmless; yet, to my surprise, every boy they snared fell to the ground. Noticing my astonishment, the guide remarked, "Do you know what this is?" "Just some filmy fiber," I answered. "A mere nothing," he said, "just plain human respect.", Seeing that many boys were being caught in those straps. I asked, "Why do so many get caught? Who pulls them down?" "Go nearer and you will see!" he told me. I followed his advice but saw nothing peculiar. "Look closer," he insisted. I picked up one of the traps and tugged. I immediately felt some resistance. I pulled harder, only to feel that, instead of drawing the thread closer, I was being pulled down myself. I did not resist and soon found myself at the mouth of a frightful cave. I halted, unwilling to venture into that deep cavern, and again started pulling the thread toward me. It gave a little, but only through great effort on my part. I kept tugging, and after a long while a huge, hideous monster emerged, clutching a rope to which all those traps were tied together. He was the one who instantly dragged down anyone who got caught in them. It won't do to match my strength with his, I said to myself. I'll certainly lose. I'd better fight him with the Sign of the Cross and with short invocations. Then I went back to my guide. "Now you know who he is," he said to me. "I surely do! It is the devil himself!" Carefully examining many of the traps, I saw that each bore an inscription: Pride, Disobedience, Envy, Sixth Commandment, Theft, Gluttony, Sloth, Anger and so on. Stepping back a bit to see which ones trapped the greater number of boys, I discovered that the most dangerous were those of impurity, disobedience, and pride. In fact, these three were linked to together. Many other traps also did great harm, but not as much as the first two. Still watching, I noticed many boys running faster than others. "Why such haste?" I asked. "Because they are dragged by the snare of human respect." Looking even more closely, I spotted knives among the traps. A providential hand had put them there for cutting oneself free. The bigger ones, symbolizing meditation, were for use against the trap of pride; others, not quite as big, symbolized spiritual reading well made. There were also two swords representing devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, especially through frequent Holy Communion, and to the Blessed Virgin. There was also a hammer symbolizing confession, and other knives signifying devotion to Saint Joseph, to Saint Aloysius, and to other Saints. By these means quite a few boys were able to free themselves or evade capture. Indeed I saw some lads walking safely through all those traps, either by good timing before the trap sprung on them or by making it slip off them if they got caught. When my guide was satisfied that I had observed everything, he made me continue along that rose-hedged road, but the farther we went the scarcer the roses became. Long thorns began to show up, and soon the roses were no more. The hedges became sun-scorched, leafless, and thorn-studded. Withered branches torn from the bushes lay criss-crossed along the roadbed, littering it with thorns and making it impassable. We had come now to a gulch whose steep sides hid what lay beyond. The road, still sloping downward, was becoming ever more horrid, rutted, guttered, and bristling with rocks and boulders. I lost track of all my boys, most of whom had left this treacherous road for other paths. I kept going, but the farther I advanced, the more arduous and steep became the descent, so that I tumbled and fell several times, lying prostrate until I could catch my breath. Now and then my guide supported me or helped me to rise. At every step my joints seemed to give way, and I thought my shinbones would snap. Panting, I said to my guide, "My good fellow, my legs won't carry me another step. I just can't go any farther." He did not answer but continued walking. Taking heart, I followed until, seeing me soaked in perspiration and thoroughly exhausted, he led me to a little clearing alongside the road. I sat down, took a deep breath, and felt a little better. From my resting place, the road I had already traveled looked very steep, jagged, and strewn with loose stones, but what lay ahead seemed so much worse that I closed my eyes in horror. "Let's go back," I pleaded. "If we go any farther, how shall we ever get back to the Oratory? I will never make it up this slope." "Now that we have come so far, do you want me to leave you here?" my guide sternly asked. At this threat, I wailed, "How can I survive without your help?" "Then follow me." We continued our descent, the road now becoming so frightfully steep that it was almost impossible to stand erect. And then, at the bottom of this precipice, at the entrance of a dark valley, an enormous building loomed into sight, its towering portal, tightly locked, facing our road. When I finally got to the bottom, I became smothered by a suffocating heat, while a greasy, green-tinted smoke lit by flashes of scarlet flames rose from behind those enormous walls which loomed higher than mountains. "Read the inscription on that portal and you will know." I looked up and read these words: "The place of no reprieve." I realized that we were at the gates of Hell. The guide led me all around this horrible place. At regular distance bronze portals like the first overlooked precipitous descents; on each was an inscription, such as: "Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, which was prepared for the devil and his angels." (Matthew 25: 41) "Every tree that yielded not good fruit, shall be cut down, and shall be cast into the the fire." (Matthew 7: 19) At such a sight I wanted to turn back and return to the Oratory. As a matter of fact, I did start back, but my guide ignored my attempt. After trudging through a steep, never-ending ravine, we again came to the foot of the precipice facing the first portal. Suddenly the guide turned to me. Upset and startled, he motioned to me to step aside. "Look!" he said. "Leave him alone," the guide replied. The traps I had seen earlier were indeed dragging the boys to ruin. Seeing so many going to perdition, I cried out disconsolately, "If so many of our boys end up this way, we are working in vain. How can we prevent such tragedies?" "This is their present state," my guide replied, "and that is where they would go if they were to die now." "Do you really believe that some of them would reform if you were to warn them? Then and there your warning might impress them, but soon they will forget it, saying, 'It was just a dream,' and they will do worse than before. Others, realizing they have been unmasked, receive the sacraments, but this will be neither spontaneous nor meritorious; others will go to confession because of a momentary fear of Hell but will still be attached to sin." "Then is there no way to save these unfortunate lads? Please, tell me what I can do for them." "They have superiors; let them obey them. They have rules; let them observe them. They have the sacraments; let them receive them." Just then a new group of boys came hurtling down and the portals momentarily opened. "Let's go in," the guide said to me. I pulled back in horror. I could not wait to rush back to the Oratory to warn the boys lest others might be lost as well. "Come," my guide insisted. "You'll learn much. But first tell me: Do you wish to go alone or with me?" He asked this to make me realize that I was not brave enough and therefore needed his friendly assistance. "Alone inside that horrible place?" I replied. "How will I ever be able to find my way out without your help?" Then a thought came to my mind and aroused my courage. Before one is condemned to Hell, I said to myself, he must be judged. And I haven't been judged yet! "Let's go," I exclaimed resolutely. We entered that narrow, horrible corridor and whizzed through it with lightning speed. Threatening inscriptions shone eerily over all the inner gateways. The last one opened into a vast, grim courtyard with a large, unbelievably forbidding entrance at the far end. Above it stood this inscription: "These shall go into everlasting punishment." (Matthew 25: 46) The walls all about were similarly inscribed. I asked my guide if I could read them, and he consented. These were the inscriptions: "He will give fire, and worms into their flesh, and they may burn and may feel forever." (Judith 16: 21) "The pool of fire where both the beast and the false prophet shall be tormented day and night forever and ever." (Apocalypse 20: 9-10) "And the smoke of their torments shall ascend up forever and ever." (Apocalypse 14: 11) "A land of misery and darkness, where the shadow of death, and no order, but everlasting horror dwelleth." (Job 10: 22) "There is no peace to the wicked." (Isaias 47: 22) "There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth." (Matthew 8:12) While I moved from one inscription to another, my guide, who had stood in the center of the courtyard, came up to me. "From here on," he said, "no one may have a helpful companion, a comforting friend, a loving heart, a compassionate glance, or a benevolent word. All this is gone forever. Do you just want to see or would you rather experience these things yourself?" "I only want to see!" I answered. "Then come with me," my friend added, and, taking me in tow, he stepped through that gate into a corridor at whose far end stood an observation platform, closed by a huge, single crystal pane reaching from the pavement to the ceiling. As soon as I crossed its threshold, I felt an indescribable terror and dared not take another step. Ahead of me I could see something like an immense cave which gradually disappeared into recesses sunk far into the bowels of the mountains. They were all ablaze, but theirs was not an earthly fire with leaping tongues of flames. The entire cave --walls, ceiling, floor, iron, stones, wood, and coal -- everything was a glowing white at temperatures of thousands of degrees. Yet the fire did not incinerate, did not consume. I simply can't find words to describe the cavern's horror. "The nourishment thereof is fire and much wood: the breath of the Lord as a torrent of brimstone kindling it." (Isaias 30: 33) I was staring in bewilderment about me when a lad dashed out of a gate. Seemingly unaware of anything else, he emitted a most shrilling scream, like one who is about to fall into a cauldron of liquid bronze, and plummeted into the center of the cave. Instantly he too became incandescent and perfectly motionless, while the echo of his dying wail lingered for an instant more. Terribly frightened, I stared briefly at him for a while. He seemed to be one of my Oratory boys. "Isn't he so and so?" I asked my guide. "Yes," was the answer. "Why is he so still, so incandescent?" "You chose to see," he replied. "Be satisfied with that. Just keep looking. Besides, "Everyone shall be salted with fire." (Mark 9: 48) As I looked again, another boy came hurtling down into the cave at breakneck speed. He too was from the Oratory. As he fell, so he remained. He too emitted one single heart-rending shriek that blended with the last echo of the scream that came from the youth who had preceded him. Other boys kept hurtling in the same way in increasing numbers, all screaming the same way and then all becoming equally motionless and incandescent. I noticed that the first seemed frozen to the spot, one hand and one foot raised into the air; the second boy seemed bent almost double to the floor. Others stood or hung in various other positions, balancing themselves on one foot or hand, sitting or lying on their backs or on their sides, standing or kneeling, hands clutching their hair. Briefly, the scene resembled a large statuary group of youngsters cast into ever more painful postures. Other lads hurtled into that same furnace. Some I knew; others were strangers to me. I then recalled what is written in the Bible to the effect that as one falls into Hell, so he shall forever remain. ". . . in what place soever it shall fall, there shall it be." (Ecclesiastes 11:3) More frightened than ever, I asked my guide, "When these boys come dashing into this cave, don't they know where they are going?" "They surely do. They have been warned a thousand times, but they still choose to rush into the fire because they do not detest sin and are loath to forsake it. Furthermore, they despise and reject God's incessant, merciful invitations to do penance. Thus provoked, Divine Justice harries them, hounds them, and goads them on so that they cannot halt until they reach this place." "Oh, how miserable these unfortunate boys must feel in knowing they no longer have any hope," I exclaimed. "If you really want to know their innermost frenzy and fury, go a little closer," my guide remarked. I took a few steps forward and saw that many of those poor wretches were savagely striking at each other like mad dogs. Others were clawing their own faces and hands, tearing their own flesh and spitefully throwing it about. Just then the entire ceiling of the cave became as transparent as crystal and revealed a patch of Heaven and their radiant companions safe for all eternity. The poor wretches, fuming and panting with envy, burned with rage because they had once ridiculed the just. "The wicked shall see, and be angry, he shall gnash with his teeth, and pine away. . . " (Psalms 111: 10) "Why do hear no sound?" I asked my guide, "Go closer!" he advised. Pressing my ear to the crystal window, I heard screams and sobs, blasphemies and imprecations against the Saints. It was a tumult of voices and cries, shrill and confused. "When they recall the happy lot of their good companions," he replied, "they are obliged to admit: "We fools esteemed their life madness, and their end without honour. Behold, how they are numbered among the children of God, and their lot is among the saints. Therefore we have erred from the way of truth, and the light of justice hath not shined unto us, and the sun of understanding hath not risen upon us." (Wisdom 5:4-6) "We wearied ourselves in the way of iniquity and destruction, and have walked through hard ways, but the way of the Lord we have not known. What hath pride profited us ? or what advantage hath the boasting of riches brought us ? All those things are passed away like a shadow." (Wisdom 5: 7-9) "Here time is no more. Here is only eternity." While I viewed the condition of many of my boys in utter terror, a thought suddenly struck me. "How can these boys be damned?" I asked. "Last night they were still alive at the Oratory!" "The boys you see here," he answered, "are all dead to God's grace. Were they to die now or persist in their evil ways, they would be damned. But we are wasting time. Let us go on." He led me away and we went down through a corridor into a lower cavern, at whose entrance I read: "Their worm shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched." (Isaias 66: 24) "He will give fire, and worms into their flesh, and they may burn and may feel forever." (Judith 16: 21) Here one could see how atrocious was the remorse of those who had been pupils in our schools. What a torment was their, to remember each unforgiven sin and its just punishment, the countless, even extraordinary means they had had to mend their ways, persevere in virtue, and earn paradise, and their lack of response to the many favors promised and bestowed by the Virgin Mary. What a torture to think that they couId have been saved so easily, yet now are irredeemably lost, and to remember the many good resolutions made and never kept. Hell is indeed paved with good intentions! In this lower cavern I again saw those Oratory boys who had fallen into the fiery furnace. Some are listening to me right now; others are former pupils or even strangers to me. I drew closer to them and noticed that they were all covered with worms and vermin which gnawed at their vitals, hearts, eyes, hands, legs, and entire bodies so ferociously as to defy description. Helpless and motionless, they were a prey to every kind of torment. Hoping I might be able to speak with them or to hear something from them, I drew even closer but no one spoke or even looked at me. I then asked my guide why, and he explained that the damned are totally deprived of freedom. Each must fully endure his own punishment, with absolutely no reprieve whatever. "And now," he added, "you too must enter that cavern." "Oh, no!" I objected in terror. "Before going to Hell, one has to be judged. I have not been judged yet, and so I will not go to Hell!" "Listen," he said, "what would you rather do: visit Hell and save your boys, or stay outside and leave them in agony?" For a moment I was struck speechless. "Of course I love my boys and wish to save them all," I replied, "but isn't there some other way out?" "Yes, there is a way," he went on, "provided you do all you can." I breathed more easily and instantly said to myself, I don't mind slaving if I can rescue these beloved sons of mine from such torments. "Come inside then," my friend went on, "and see how our good, almighty God lovingly provides a thousand means for guiding your boys to penance and saving them from everlasting death." Taking my hand, he led me into the cave. As I stepped in, I found myself suddenly transported into a magnificent hall whose curtained glass doors concealed more entrances. Above one of them I read this inscription: The Sixth Commandment. Pointing to it, my guide exclaimed, "Transgressions of this commandment caused the eternal ruin of many boys." "Didn't they go to confession?" "They did, but they either omitted or insufficiently confessed the sins against the beautiful virtue of purity, saying for instance that they had committed such sins two or three times when it was four or five. Other boys may have fallen into that sin but once in their childhood, and, through shame, never confessed it or did so insufficiently. Others were not truly sorry or sincere in their resolve to avoid it in the future. There were even some who, rather than examine their conscience, spent their time trying to figure out how best to deceive their confessor. Anyone dying in this frame of mind chooses to be among the damned, and so he is doomed for all eternity. Only those who die truly repentant shall be eternally happy. Now do you want to see why our merciful God brought you here?" He lifted the curtain and I saw a group of Oratory boys -- all known to me -- who were there because of this sin. Among them were some whose conduct seems to be good. "Now you will surely let me take down their names so that I may warn them individually," I exclaimed. "Then what do you suggest I tell them?" "Always preach against immodesty. A generic warning will suffice. Bear in mind that even if you did admonish them individually, they would promise, but not always in earnest. For a firm resolution, one needs God's grace which will not be denied to your boys if they pray. God manifests His power especially by being merciful and forgiving. On your part, pray and make sacrifices. As for the boys, let them listen to your admonitions and consult their conscience. It will tell them what to do." We spent the next half hour discussing the requisites of a good confession. Afterward, my guide several times exclaimed in a loud voice, "Avertere! Avertere!" "What do you mean?" I asked. "Change life! " Perplexed, I bowed my head and made as if to withdraw, but he held me back. "You haven't seen everything yet," he explained. He turned and lifted another curtain bearing this inscription: "They who would become rich, fall into temptation, and to the snare of the devil." (1 Timothy 6: 9) (Note: would become rich: wish to become rich, seek riches, set their heart and affections toward riches.) "This does not apply to my boys! I countered, "because they are as poor as I am. We are not rich and do not want to be. We give it no thought." As the curtain was lifted, however, I saw a group of boys, all known to me. They were in pain, like those I had seen before. Pointing to them, my guide remarked, "As you see, the inscription does apply to your boys." "But how?" I asked. "Well," he said, "some boys are so attached to material possessions that their love of God is lessened. Thus they sin against charity, piety, and meekness. Even the mere desire of riches can corrupt the heart, especially if such a desire leads to injustice. Your boys are poor, but remember that greed and idleness are bad counselors. One of your boys committed substantial thefts in his native town, and though he could make restitution, he gives it not a thought. There are others who try to break into the pantry or the prefect's or economer's office; those who rummage in their companions' trunks for food, money, or possessions; those who steal stationery and books...." After naming these boys and others as well, he continued, "Some are here for having stolen clothes, linen, blankets, and coats from the Oratory wardrobe in order to send them home to their families; others for willful, serious damage; others, yet, for not having given back what they had borrowed or for having kept sums of money they were supposed to hand over to the superior. Now that you know who these boys are," he concluded, "admonish them. Tell them to curb all vain, harmful desires, to obey God's law and to safeguard their reputation jealously lest greed lead them to greater excesses and plunge them into sorrow, death, and damnation." I couldn't understand why such dreadful punishments should be meted out for infractions that boys thought so little of, but my guide shook me out of my thoughts by saying: "Recall what you were told when you saw those spoiled grapes on the wine." With these words he lifted another curtain which hid many of our Oratory boys, all of whom I recognized instantly. The inscription on the curtain read: The root of all evils. "Do you know what that means?" he asked me immediately. "What sin does that refer to?" "And yet I have always heard that pride is the root of all evil." "It is, generally speaking, but, specifically, do you know what led Adam and Eve to commit the first sin for which they were driven away from their earthly paradise?" "Exactly! Disobedience is the root of all evil." "What shall I tell my boys about it?" "Listen carefully: the boys you see here are those who prepare such a tragic end for themselves by being disobedient. So-and-so and so-and-so, who you think went to bed, leave the dormitory later in the night to roam about the playground, and, contrary to orders, they stray into dangerous areas and up scaffolds, endangering even their lives. Others go to church, but, ignoring recommendations, they misbehave; instead of praying, they daydream or cause a disturbance. There are also those who make themselves comfortable so as to doze off during church services, and those who only make believe they are going to church. Woe to those who neglect prayer! He who does not pray dooms himself to perdition. Some are here because, instead of singing hymns or saying the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin, they read frivolous or -- worse yet -- forbidden books." He then went on mentioning other serious breaches of discipline. When he was done, I was deeply moved. "May I mention all these things to my boys?" I asked, looking at him straight in the eye. "Yes, you may tell them whatever you remember." "What advice shall I give them to safeguard them from such a tragedy?" "Keep telling them that by obeying God, the Church, their parents, and their superiors, even in little things, they will be saved." "Anything else?" "Warn them against idleness. Because of idleness David fell into sin. Tell them to keep busy at all times, because the devil will not then have a chance to tempt them." I bowed my head and promised. Faint with dismay, I could only mutter, "Thanks for having been so good to me. Now, please lead me out of here." "All right, then, come with me." Encouragingly he took my hand and held me up because I could hardly stand on my feet. Leaving that hall, in no time at all we retraced our steps through that horrible courtyard and the long corridor. But as soon as we stepped across the last bronze portal, he turned to me and said, "Now that you have seen what others suffer, you too must experience a touch of Hell." "No, no!" I cried in terror. He insisted, but I kept refusing. "Do not be afraid," he told me; "just try it. Touch this wall." I could not muster enough courage and tried to get away, but he held me back. "Try it," he insisted. Gripping my arm firmly, he pulled me to the wall. "Only one touch," he cornmanded, "so that you may say you have both seen and touched the walls of eternal suffering and that you may understand what the last wall must be like if the first is so unendurable. Look at this wall!" I did intently. It seemed incredibly thick. "There are a thousand walls between this and the real fire of Hell," my guide continued. "A thousand walls encompass it, each a thousand measures thick and equally distant from the next one. Each measure is a thousand miles. This wall therefore is millions and millions of miles from Hell's real fire. It is just a remote rim of Hell itself." When he said this, I instinctively pulled back, but he seized my hand, forced it open, and pressed it against the first of the thousand walls. The sensation was so utterly excruciating that I leaped back with a scream and found myself sitting up in bed. My hand was stinging and I kept rubbing it to ease the pain. When I got up this morning I noticed that it was swollen. Having my hand pressed against the wall, though only in a dream, felt so real that, later, the skin of my palm peeled off. Bear in mind that I have tried not to frighten you very much, and so I have not described these things in all their horror as I saw them and as they impressed me. We know that Our Lord always portrayed Hell in symbols because, had He described it as it really is, we would not have understood Him. No mortal can comprehend these things. The Lord knows them and He reveals them to whomever He wills. No comments: Post a Comment
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How Many Americans Are Killed By Police? Let’s Talk About School Shootings Short and Sweet – For The Ladies Men are 1000% more likely to commit murder than women. 23% of American murders are men killing women. 50% of those murders involve the women being stalked, first. 75% of murders of women by previous intimate partners involve stalking, first. Possible threats are always to be taken seriously. Ten women are murdered by men every […] As Your Television Bleeds, Maintain Perspective Recently, a friend of mine wrote the following on Facebook: Waking up to the horrible news of the movie theater shooting. I can’t even comprehend this. What is the solution to protect ourselves and our families? Gun control? Do we need metal detectors and TSA agents at movie theaters as well? These poor people were […]
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新月の床 Tokonoma for the New Moon (5.9.13) Tokonoma for the New moon (5.9.13) Scroll “Sanctuary of the millenium tree” by Tessai Tomioka. Wood “A broken trunk of two thousand years old(approx.) Yaku Sugi cedar tree” from Yakushima island, Japan Tea “2005 Pu-erh tea from 1,200 years old tea tree” from Yunnan, China) 茶「千二百年古樹・普洱茶 2005」 — at Swayam, Auroville. Leave a Reply five × five =
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Kamus Online   suggested words Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: pomegranate (0.01219 detik) Found 3 items, similar to pomegranate. English → Indonesian (quick) Definition: pomegranate buah delima English → English (WordNet) Definition: pomegranate pomegranate n 1: shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit [syn: pomegranate tree, Punica granatum ] 2: large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind English → English (gcide) Definition: Pomegranate Pomegranate \Pome"gran`ate\ (?; 277), n. [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F. grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.] 1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp. [1913 Webster] 2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. --Ex. xxviii. 33. [1913 Webster] Cari kata di: Custom Search Touch version | Android | Disclaimer
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A few random observations from spending the last few years building a data science team at a startup, from the perspective of an engineering manager: You have no idea what your data science team is going to do. You're just going to know that you have some data and some problems, and that you don't really know how to solve them. Of course, that leads into: The way that you're thinking about the problem is probably wrong. Your data scientists are going to need to come in and really blow you away. In the canonical "building data science teams" article by DJ Patil he talks about giving people 90 days from when they come in the door to "knock the socks off" of the company. I think that's a good benchmark. If a data scientist hasn't made you think about your data or your problems in a new way by then they probably aren't ever going to. A data science team needs a different sort of support structure than a normal engineering team. A data science team seems to end up having people from a much more diverse set of backgrounds than a normal engineering team does, and because of that you're going to need to figure out how to fit the data science team into your organization. One thing that we've eventually come around to is to throw our normal engineering practices out of the window and to start working towards having the data science team work with whatever tools they need in order to move as quickly as possible in their own way. You're going to need to figure out how to get stuff into production. Data scientists are going to end up building things that need to be translated into production code, usually to save resources ("in order to generate this model, I need 20 machines for a week, and it needs to be done every day"). One thing that we're working on is building out the interface between engineering team and our data team in order to make it more and more seamless. Hopefully soon we'll be constantly rotating an engineer (or several engineers) on the data team in order to help do this. Having data scientists around will make you better at thinking about your problem set Data scientists tend to come from a number of different backgrounds (math, statistics, music, etc) that you don't normally have on an engineering team. Supporting them and interacting with them on a daily basis forces you to think about things differently and should help you build things in a more sensible way to target a larger audience within the company. Everyone in the company is going to want to understand what (and how) the data science team is doing Just like we've worked over the years to keep technical business people focused on the "what" of what we need to build, you need to work on keeping every one without a math background away from the data science team. Trying to explain some of the hard math that's going on to the entire company isn't a productive use of time. The toolset that exists for jumpstarting a data science team is still immature The tools for doing big data analysis are still pretty immature and difficult to set up. There are many companies working to solve this problem right now (although most of them focusing on big companies, not startups) but it's a bit overwhelming figuring out where to even get started with some of this stuff.
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Let’s look at similar water storage and distribution systems to the New Bradfield Scheme, in California. California is 400 km wide and 1200 km long. It has a land area of 423,970 km2 of which 36,421 km2 is irrigated. Agricultural production is $47 billion per year, a large proportion of which is irrigated or irrigation related. California is largely desert and its population centres and agriculture watered by a number of long aqueducts exceeding 500 km in length. For example, the California State Water Project, commonly known as the SWP, collects water from rivers in Northern California and redistributes it to the water-scarce but populous south through a 650 km length aqueduct, with pumping stations and power plants. About 70% of the water provided by the project is used for urban areas and industry in Southern California and the San Francisco Bay Area, and 30% is used for irrigation in the Central Valley. By comparison, Northern Queensland has a land area of approximately 500,000 km². An extended Bradfield Scheme may provide irrigation for 30,000 km2 of land. This would be achieved by a system of aqueducts and dams, of similar length to similar to those in California. In return, we would expect agricultural production of $50 billion per year, similar to California. In some ways Queensland is more suited than California, as due to good luck or blessing, the new Bradfield Scheme may entirely gravity fed through tunnels and aqueducts. The cost of water may therefore be considerably less than the cost of water in the SWP in California. The construction of the aqueducts in the new Bradfield Scheme could be staged, developing first those areas that are closer to population centres and prepared for irrigation, and releasing the excess water into parched river systems. However, the irrigation of large areas black soil plains in the central state would open up the largest areas to new agriculture.
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Ferguson, James There are 1 item/s. TitleDateViewsBrief Description Planter reaction in North Carolina to presidential Reconstruction, 1865-1867 1964 4 When the Civil War ended, the planter faced many problems. The physical and economic destruction to the South had necessitated rebuilding. The capital with which to accomplish this had either been destroyed or had fled the region. In addition, the la...
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Broken Dreams (E)  (D/E)  (E)  (D/E)  (E)  (D)  (A) (E) There's an ocean in my mind I'd (G#) give the world if (C#m) I could find A (D) sailing ship and (A) leave the past be(F#m)hind (D) (A) (E) Now that I must say adieu It's (G#) killing me, I'm (C#m) telling you When (D) freedom calls what (A) can a person (F#m) do (D) (A) (E) I have felt the winds of change Go (D/E) stealing through my (A/E) heart and soul How (E) wild it seems (D/E) In (A/E) love songs and in (B) nursery rhymes On (A/E) movie screens, in (D/E) fairy tales Lie (E) broken dreams (D/E) Life's (E) broken dreams, (D/E) love's (E) broken dreams (D) (A) Sometimes a broken dream Will make you sad or make you mean Sometimes things ain't as bad as they might seem You might walk a lonely street Until one day you chance to meet A stranger who might ask where have you been You will see the light of change Come shining through your windowpane When hope is gone Though money, fame, and riches are For fools and kings or anything that turns them on Life's broken deals, life's spinning wheels There's an ocean I have found I'd like to sail the world around And dream about the life I hope I'll find Now that I must say adieu To love's returns, I'm telling you When freedom comes what can a person do I have felt the winds of change Go stealing through my heart and soul How wild they seem In sounds of spring, in winter storms In autumn gales, on summer morns lie broken dreams In love songs and in nursery rhymes On movie screens, in fairy tales Lie broken dreams, life's broken dreams, love's broken dreams
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Gentoo and the time Story: Dispelling the myths of Gentoo Linux, an honest reviewTotal Replies: 0 Author Content Mar 22, 2004 10:31 PM EDT Well, I was also very "wow cool" Gentoo. Yes, I learned some things from it. Most thing how to pass by all this installers and do it by hand (helps me a lot now when I install debian from Knoppix). But the only negative thing with Gentoo I have, is that in the long term run there are small problems popping up. eg, last time mplayer refused to work because some sub libraries changed and mplayer was compield to some lib.so.2.0.0-a.1. The other thing is, even thought I have a Pentium 4 1.6Ghz and 1GB RAM, compiling takes an awful long time. And in my opinion its not worth it (except *). At home I, where I have an even slower PC, I switched to Debian, and the only thing I compile is the kernel. *) When you want to install GNU/Linux on an Architekture not manly supported, eg Opterion. Then you almost can't ship around Gentoo at the moment. So Gentoo is two sided medal. It has its good points in the USE flags (thought they could be a bit better) and the possibility to compile for different architectures, and its downside in compile time and no speed gain at all and the fact that there are on and off some problems.
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Haydn Greenway Haydn Greenway Hector Berlioz Wednesday, 09 March 2016 21:01 The Music of Imperialism: Berlioz's The Trojans Published in Music Haydn Greenway analyses the hidden meanings of Berlioz's great opera,'The Trojans'. Classical music can arouse extreme emotional responses. It also requires an intellectual engagement in order to decipher the language hidden within the complexity of sonic patterns. This can require repeated listenings, say, of a Beethoven symphony, to fully understand the music and its overall architecture. This runs counter to the capitalist ideal of commercial mainstream pop culture where instant appeal results in instant profit – a mere “tickling of the ear”, to quote the great 19th century French Romantic composer, Berlioz (1803 – 1869). Also, there is, often, a numbing of the intellect - the sole object being to make money, resulting in a plunge to the lowest common denominator of musical banality. Note, I use the term “mainstream pop”: I would not dismiss the wild electric genius of Jimi Hendrix as mere pop commercialism. Music can, alone, express an entire spectrum of human emotions, transcending vocalized language. It takes a true genius like Wagner or Verdi to successfully fuse poetry, music and theatre to create that often bizarre art form, opera. Even with opera, the orchestra on its own can become the eloquent, unsung poet. The best operas, musically, need no elaborate staging, and can come off, quite well, in a concert performance. As a student, the young Berlioz was overwhelmed when he first heard the Beethoven symphonies performed at the Paris Conservatoire.Until then, he had only heard operatic and choral music. He realised that the vagueness of expression inherent in non-vocalized instrumental music was a source of power. In 1832 he wrote : 'One cannot miss the poetic thought….it is music which gives way to itself, needing no words to make its expression specific, its language then becomes quite indefinite thanks to which it acquires still more power over beings endowed with imagination…' Under the spell of Beethoven, Berlioz composed two purely instrumental symphonies, the extreme romantic Symphonie Fantastique and the Byronic Harold in Italy – a sort of viola concerto. His third symphony, however, was the monumental Shakespearian 'Romeo et Juliette', a choral symphony. At the core of this symphony is the sublime Love Scene. This is purely instrumental, the sublimity of their love being beyond words. However, Berlioz did compose three operas, and his magnum opus, the culmination of his musical career, was the epic music drama The Trojans. This is a vast five act opera based on books I, II and IV of Virgil’s Aeneid, with strong imperialist overtones. The role of the orchestra in this piece is as important as the soloists and chorus. Indeed, the orchestra sometimes becomes the eloquent unsung poet. The driving theme of this masterpiece is the sacking of Troy by the Greeks, and the Trojan hero Aeneas’s divine mission to recreate Trojans as the Roman master race, rulers the world. This operatic epic has many layers of meaning and interpretation. On a superficial level we have the story of the capture of Troy with the deception of the Wooden Horse, democratically voted into the city of Troy. We have the ironic tragedy of Cassandra, cursed with the gift of prophecy, whom no one will believe, although she warns the Trojans of the impending apocalypse to be unleashed from the belly of the Wooden Horse. And we have the love story of Dido and Aeneas, her betrayal by Aeneas, and her tragic suicide. At a deeper level we have the imperialist ambitions of the Trojan, Aeneas, for the conquered Italians to rule the world as the newly formed master race, the Romans. Deeper still is the irony involved in using the music of the suicidal decision to bring in the Wooden Horse – the Trojan March, sacred hymn of the Trojans- as the new national anthem of the Romans. Is not the Trojan Horse a powerful archetype of invasion by deception?
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Preview Mode Links will not work in preview mode Marathon Talk Apr 6, 2016 Martin is back in the house.  There’s a little running news, a debutante winner of the Reading half and Kenya is still in trouble. We find out about Running Heroes, you share some pics and Rate Your Run. We speak to the wonderful Olympic athlete Eilish McColgan.  You’ve got your kit on!
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Compassion for Those Who Have Lost Animals Grief is a complicated thing, with a series of social strictures about how grieving people are supposed to behave when they lose friends, loved ones, family members. These usually revolve around ‘getting over it’ and ‘getting back to business’ as though nothing has happened, requiring people to suffocate their grief in a tiny box and put it away somewhere, never to be examined or dealt with — and we wonder why we live in a world that isn’t entirely emotionally healthy. These rules shift, though, when people lose the animals in their lives, becoming even more callous and brutal. ‘Just get another one’ or ‘so, when are you getting another’ pop up almost immediately as soon as an animal passes, followed by comments about how people need to get over it, and it was ‘just a cat/dog/horse/parrot,’ and how it wasn’t that big a deal. The age of the animal, or the time the person spent with the animal, isn’t relevant — the cat someone grew up with has as much emotional value as a box of tissue paper, the horse someone learned to ride on and spent 26 years with is meaningless. Just get over it. Just get a new one. Hurry up. Why are you making people uncomfortable with your grief? For Pete’s sake, this is ridiculous. It’s not like it was a person. For those who have never experienced the loss of an animal, I have news for you: It can be a huge, intense, life-changing event. And yes, it can be as intense as losing a person you love, sometimes more so, depending on the circumstances. It can be horrific and awful and terrible, and one of the reasons it’s so dreadful is because very few people around you treat you with compassion and respect, and few want to engage with the fact that you are grieving and that you were deeply attached to the animal you lost. Not everyone feels the same way about animals, and we live in a conflicted culture when it comes to animals. But the loss of an animal can truly destroy you, especially if you never lost an animal in childhood. You’re unprepared for how searing and intense the experience is, because there’s never been anything to prepare you, other than a society that tells you all about how you shouldn’t be that upset when your pets die — a society that makes pet death into a laughing matter on sitcoms and something people are supposed to joke about, not as a macabre coping mechanism, but in a way that mocks and belittles people who experience genuine pain on the event of a death. Grief strikes people dramatically differently, and there’s nothing wrong or dysfunctional with people who grieve deeply when their animals die and struggle for a while to come to terms with it. There is something wrong with telling them they need to get over it, and with refusing to recognise the natural course of grief. Someone who’s still crying three days after she lost a beloved animal isn’t being ridiculous — although complicated grief can arise with pet deaths just as in human ones and sometimes people experiencing extended grief that they feel interferes with their quality of life and ability to function can benefit from therapy and other options, like grief support groups. Grief, however, would be much easier if the people around could muster some compassion, instead of coldness. So, maybe you don’t need to bake funeral casseroles that will be thrown out anyway, but try saying ‘I’m sorry for your loss’ or sending a card. Try offering support or assistance with tasks like picking stuff up at the store. Let people know that it is okay to be sad, and that there is nothing wrong with them for experiencing acute grief. People very rarely get this message when they’re grieving other people, let alone the animals in their lives, and it can really help them cope with and manage their grief better. Working through grief at the time is much easier when you feel supported, and addressing grief instead of avoiding it can be much more beneficial for long-term mental health. And, yes, to all of you out there who think people should ‘get over it’ and ‘move on,’ taking grief on helps people feel like they’re more in control of their lives, and better able to function. Pressuring them to fake it for you, though, or to ignore the very real pressures in their lives, doesn’t fly, and won’t be productive. Instead, it’s up to you to meet them in the middle; don’t make nasty comments about how you can’t believe how dramatic they’re being, and instead, offer your support. A bridge unsupported quickly falls, tumbling into a mass of stone or metal or wood, something that cannot sustain itself. It takes years to clean up, pick up, rebuild, and it will fall all over again if it’s not engineered properly. The same is true of grief, which can destroy someone if she doesn’t get support. This, too, is true of grief: No matter how long ago the wound was opened, it will always be there. It will take a long time to close, and someday it will scab over, and eventually scar over, but it will always be there. And that’s okay too, because our scars are what make us who we are. Image: Marc Liu, Flickr.
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[Documentation] [TitleIndex] [WordIndex Function Objects Description: Passing functions around as typed class objects. Keywords: ecl function objects Tutorial Level: INTERMEDIATE Resolving c++ function passing (as arguments to other functions) is complicated by the differences between global/static and member functions as well as by the awkward syntax. Here we attempt to provide a standardised approach to using them. One way of standardising the approach is to utilise the idea of a function object (also known as functor). A function object is simply an object that characterises a function. In c++, this has three advantages: An example of a unary function object is given below: 1 class Sum { 2 int val; 3 public: 4 Sum(int i) :val(i) { } 5 int operator()(int i) { return val+=i; } // unary function 6 }; We also make a terminology distinction here when distinguishing between free and member functions. Free functions are defined to be global or static functions. Compiling & Linking Include some or all of the following at the top of any translation unit that requires compilation of class that uses parameters. 1 #include <ecl/utilities.hpp> 3 // The classes 4 using ecl::NullaryFunction; 5 using ecl::UnaryFunction; 6 using ecl::BinaryFunction; 7 using ecl::NullaryFreeFunction; 8 using ecl::UnaryFreeFunction; 9 using ecl::BoundUnaryFreeFunction; 10 using ecl::NullaryMemberFunction; 11 using ecl::BoundNullaryMemberFunction; 12 using ecl::UnaryMemberFunction; 13 using ecl::PartiallyBoundUnaryMemberFunction; 14 using ecl::BoundUnaryMemberFunction; 15 using ecl::NullaryFunctionCopy; 16 using ecl::NullaryFunctionReference; 17 using ecl::UnaryFunctionCopy; 18 using ecl::UnaryFunctionReference; 20 // Overloaded utility functions 21 using ecl::generateFunctionObject; Since it is a template class, no linking is required if you are only using this class. Many of the higher level classes in the ecl utilise function objects, e.g. ecl_threads, ecl_sigslots. These classes expect certain concepts to be fulfilled when accepting function objects as arguments and also make use of some of the convenience classes/tools in the above list. Classes that accept function objects generally utilise a template parameter and require the function object to fulfill the requirements of a concept. For example, threads require function objects to satisfy the nullary function concept. The current list of concepts for function objects include: Documentation for the concepts can be found in the ecl_concepts package. Creating Your Own Function Objects When constructing your own function object classes to be used with higher level ecl components, they must conform to the requirements of their target concept. For example, a suitable thread class function object: 1 class ThreadFunction { 2 public: 3 typedef void result_type; 4 void operator()() { 5 // thread worker function 6 } 7 }; 8 ThreadFunction thread_function; 9 Thread thread(thread_function); // Alternatively Thread thread = Thread(ThreadFunction()); Wrapping Free/Member Functions Wrapping functions can be done via construction calls to many of the classes listed above, however to make it easier, there is the overloaded ecl::generateFunctionObject method. A good example of its usage is with the ecl Thread class where a nullary function object is required for construction. 1 int f(int i) {} 2 class A { 3 void f() {} 4 void g(int i) {} 5 }; 6 // ... 7 A a; 8 Thread thread0(generateFunctionObject(f, 3)); // Bind the first argument to a global function 9 Thread thread1(generateFunctionObject(&A::f, a)); // Bind an object instance with the nullary function 10 Thread thread2(generateFunctionObject(&A::g, a, 2)); // Bind object instance, first argument to a unary member function For member functions, in the above code we bound the instance with the member function. Alternatively, you can leave it free so that the following two lines of code produce the same result: 1 generateFunctionObject(&A::f, a)(); // This case produces and calls a nullary function 2 generateFunctionObject(&A::f)(a); // This case produces and calls a unary function Case Scenario : Threads Threads uses the tools here, an example of thread function loading is shown below. 1 A a; // Just an ordinary class with nullary member f(). 2 NullaryFunction function_object; // Conforms to the concept above. 3 Thread thread_f1(f); 4 Thread thread_f2(&A::f,a); 5 Thread thread_f3(generateFunctionObject(f)); 6 Thread thread_f4(generateFunctionObject(g,1)); 7 Thread thread_f5(generateFunctionObject(&A::f,a)); 8 Thread thread_f6(generateFunctionObject(&A::g,a,2)); 9 Thread thread_f7(function_object); 10 Thread thread_f8 = NullaryFunction(); 11 Thread thread_f8(ref(function_object)); We only utilise at most one argument to any free/member function. In practice a limit has to be drawn somewhere and I find you can always bundle however many arguments you wish into an appropriately defined structure, so either none or one is always sufficient for all purposes. 2020-01-18 12:37
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Move KPFT Forward are supporters of KPFT Radio who have come together in an effort to help KPFT become an even better station than it has been in the past. We want to: • Improve programming to attract more listeners while keeping our diversity of news, music, and public affairs shows • Assist KPFT with fund raising, to help pay our bills and help Pacifica pay off its debt • Help with outreach and promotion – so more people can discover KPFT • Take advantage of changes in the 21st century media landscape, rather than becoming victims of them • Address and help to solve the very serious financial and governance issues outlined at rethinkingpacifica.org • In summary, we want to Move KPFT Forward!
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Bullet points – A study on Matthew 5:6-8 This study is based on the sermon: Need an attitude adjustment? Reading: Matthew 5:6-8 1. How do you feel when the Lord reminds you through His Word, or a sermon about a need to change your attitude? 2. Verse 6: 1. what does it mean to hunger and thirst? 2. what might cause us to lose our appetite for God, and the things of God? 3. how can that be remedied? 3. Verse 7: 1. what is mercy? 2. what is the condition on us being shown mercy? 3. what if we don’t feel merciful? 4. Verse 8: 1. what does a pure heart look like? 2. how can you have a pure heart? 3. what does it mean to see God; is that a promise for now or for the future? 5. Homework: ask the Lord to show you any areas in your life where there needs to be an ‘attitude adjustment’, and follow that up with a commitment to let Him do that work with you and for you. Share on LinkedIn Email this to someone Share on Facebook
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Android - FAQ Support Center Can’t setup Nine with G Suite account. How do I set up my G Suite account? In case you are a G Suite (Google Apps) user, you can set up your account on Nine. When you are using the two-step verification, Google provides you with the app-specific password. Please see the following link in more detail. Therefore, you can generate the app-specific password with the following link and then use it while setting up your account on Nine as well.
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Beauty Bowl 1 granny smith apple washed and cubed (any kind of apple will do) 2 celery stalks washed and diced 3 tbsp hemp seeds 1 tbsp of chia seeds 1 tbsp of unsweetened coconut and an ounce of organic dried cranberries (you could also use goji berries or raisins) Drizzle with the juice of half an orange, and enjoy!
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 The Promised land for Gay Arabs The Promised land for Gay Arabs In the Promised Land of Israel, whilst their neighbours in the name of religious faith in other gods are persecuting and putting gays to death like never before, the reign of God's grace and mercy seem to bless the nation of Israel for the GLBT community. In a milestone,  the Israel interior ministry granted citizenship to Bayardo Alvarez. a non Jew, the spouse of a new Jewish immigrant, Joshua Goldberg. The "law of return" in Israel grants citizenship to the Jews in the diaspora particularly from Europe, Rusia, and America. The citizenship is granted for the spouse as well and does not discriminate between a heterosexual spouse or a single sex spouse. Whilst one could be put to death just for being gay by the people of faith in the surrounding Arab nations, since 1963, the Government in Israel had announced that they would not enforced the former British laws against gays. The laws against gays were finally repealed in 1988. We are reminded of the story of the Leper in Luke 17:15-18.   (Luke 17:15 NKJV) And one of them, when he saw that he was healed, returned, and with a loud voice glorified God, (Luke 17:16 NKJV) and fell down on his face at His feet, giving Him thanks. And he was a Samaritan. (Luke 17:17 NKJV) So Jesus answered and said, "Were there not ten cleansed? But where are the nine? (Luke 17:18 NKJV) "Were there not any found who returned to give glory to God except this foreigner?" Here, the 10 lepers (9 Jews and 1 Samaritan), hearing how powerful Jesus was, greeted Jesus with loud appeals as the Jesus entourage enters the city. The local Jewish priests have no power to heal the lepers, and the lepers would have normally cried out "Unclean, unclean ..." to the passing throng following Jesus. But instead, they followed the crowd and pleaded "Jesus, Master, Have mercy on us". Jesus asked the lepers to go their way to the priests and on the journey of faith they will receive healing. And it was by faith, for instead of declaring "unclean, unclean.." along the way into the  temple, they had to believe and have faith that Jesus had healed them. When they reached the priests, they were healed. The Leprosy of the Jews negated their rights as Jews and they were rejected outcasts from their religious faith. The Samaritan was already rejected because he was a samaritan. But by being with the Jewish lot, he was identified with them and received mercy from Jesus. When the Samaritan reached the Jewish temple, there was no fear of rejection, because he was in a group with his Jewish leper friends. He became identified with and became one with them. And the priests didn't reject him, and when the healing was confirmed, he was also confirmed into the Jewish faith. After the healings were confirmed, the ex-lepers would have rejoiced and start living the life they had lost. They had forgotten about Jesus, their healer and didn't return to bow down to worship Him. Many a times, gays are touched by God's love to reveal an acceptance of their innate sexual orientation. They come out of the closet, perhaps go for a season to a gay affirmative church, but seldom do they become more zealous for Jesus. Most would not want to have anything to do with religion but more on spirituality. Why did the Samaritan returned to Jesus when his Jewish leper friends did not? Because, the Jewish Leper friends considered blessings as a right and a privilege because they were of the Jewish faith and people. The Samaritan knew that he had no right to healing because he was not a Jew, and therefore healing came because of the Grace of God. As gay christians, are we grateful to God's grace to for taking us out of the closet, to be free and to live a life God has ordained for us. It is time that we give thanks for Jesus for revealing the secrets of our hearts that we have been hiding from others. Whom God has accepted no one could reject. When the Samaritan aligned himself with the Jews, the God of Israel, He met Jesus, the God of love, mercy and grace. He became with them and accepted into the faith. Their blessings also became His. God's grace is moving in Israel, and the Gay Arabs are escaping from death and torture to move and escape into Jerusalem and Tel-aviv. They were willing to set aside their own faith who had persecuted them, to seek God's grace in the "enemy" which their nations had despised but who accepts their innate sexual orientation beyond the identification of them as non-Jews. As Gay Arabs escaped into Israel accross the walls that were meant to stop suicide bombers, they are attaching themselves to the God of Israel. The blessings of God, the blessings of Abraham will also flow to them and they will receive honey from the rock. These Gay Arabs will one day join themselves with Israel and play a vital part in Israel's claim of their promised land. For God will exalt the least to come against the mighty. Just as Bayardo Alvarez a gay non-Jew became accepted and a new citizen in Israel, through being a spouse of a Jewish men, blessed be the name of the Lord of God of Israel for His mercy and grace upon the Gay tribe. We give God the glory and honour due. Jesus is God's mercy and acceptance for the GLBT community who are coming to Him for love, rest and acceptance. The Germans (majority whom are Catholics and Prebyterians) killed more than 150,000 gays in World War II simply because they were gays in the same concentration camps that the Jews were interned. There their fates and blessings were intertwined, and when Israel became a nation, so too would Gays find refuge in this nation. We pray today for a rainbow road above the clouds that will bring the persecuted Gay Arabs into Israel. Despite the tight security, we pray for God's grace to make open a door of escape for Gays that they may come safety into the cities of refuge in Israel. May the blessings of God come upon Israel. Israel Shalom Adonai. Locations of visitors to this page
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Here's an index of Add-ons and useful add-on stuff that are distributed around this site. Important note on my add-ons I've (reluctantly) decided to stop supporting all my Apps Script add-ons, as I no longer have the time or inclination to put them through the various verification processes and upcoming add-on store process changes. I'll be removing them all from the store in a couple of months. I realize that many of you may be using some of them. In order to provide some continuity, since they are open source, you are welcome to make your own copy and use them how you wish. Any developers who want to repackage and republish are also welcome to do so. Here's the repos. You'll also find the link to the scripts if you prefer to take a copy of already built scripts. documentation is here. Anyone can republish this, use the videos etc as required. Office JavaScript API tips from porting Sankey Snip to Office from Apps Script. The code for this on github. Why not join our community , follow the blogtwitterG+  .
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The Ultimate Guide To Tiny Company E mail Marketing and advertising 15 Aug 2018 23:55 Back to list of posts is?SKNhFvKpH_oW51zDJoCfZbrG89AUJERY69VsekpQDFY&height=251 Offer you individuals one thing in exchange for their email address: it could be first access to sales or a coupon off. BT is not the first firm to obtain a fine from the ICO for sending spam emails. Yotpo data shows that when retailers added discount incentives to post-acquire evaluation request emails, the conversion price of client to reviewer jumps from the sector average of 2% to an impressive 26.83%.Generate diverse email lists. Preserve e mail addresses organized in spreadsheets and make sure you separate them. At minimum, you should have the emails broken into lists of current consumers, previous buyers and potential buyers. Making separate e-mail lists allows you to send various emails to the groups, each with their own targeted content material. As you go along, you can get much more certain with your lists for even greater targeting.Make confident to personalize the emails you send out during the holiday season. Rather than blending in with the other generic emails in your subscribers' inboxes, tailor your emails straight to them and their buying habits. If you've built out client segmentation, this is a great time to use your segments as a base for how you will go about personalizing emails.For example, use information such as credit score, income and merchandise of interest to develop targeted segments for certain solution provides. These segments can then be further refined by other demographics and information selects, such as age. A marketing message geared towards millennials need to be worded differently than one particular geared towards GenXers or infant boomers.Track the effectiveness through analytics. Most email service providers consist of free analytics when you use their applications. These analytics give a fantastic deal of information about the email's effectiveness, but the 3 most essential metrics are the open price, Click At this website via rate (CTR), and unsubscribes. Knowing this information can aid you tweak your content for far more successful email marketing in the future.It really is practically that time of year! If you have virtually any questions relating to where by along with the way to employ Click At this Website, you'll be able to contact us on our web site. But that is okay! As we mentioned above, one particular of the massive advantages of e-mail advertising is studying how to improve along the way. It really is greater to send a dud e mail to 15 individuals than wait till you have a giant e mail list and make the very same mistake.Insurance coverage e mail marketing has been shown to offer the greatest return on investment of all kinds of advertising. This page includes 23 of the prime e-mail advertising guidelines and tricks that you can start off utilizing nowadays to grow your company. However, ahead of you study the guide below, it really is crucial to know the statistics behind why your insurance coverage company needs to begin and master it really is e mail advertising and marketing efforts.17.) Target your Emails: You want to split your email list into targeted segments. For instance, if you have a list of insurance coverage agents and brokers, and also yet another list of direct individual or corporate leads, your approach to each will need to be different. For instance, if you want to court agents or brokers to sell for you, you may possibly write a useful e mail about commissions. This information would not be acceptable or applicable for your direct customer leads. Thus, you would want to split your list into two groups. You can do this manually, or by adding on more criteria to your signup form.Most individuals check their e mail on the Going in go so it is important to make certain that your email campaigns appear great and function nicely on smartphones. Emails ought to be optimized for mobile phones so that you avoid missing out on these clicks.1. Make sure that your list is permission-primarily based. Do not acquire a list or just send people your newsletter updated blog post without having permission. I made that error in the previous, and trust me, it really is not worth it. Stop speaking about your list. Cease speaking about subscribers. Create as if you happen to be emailing one individual only. It instantaneously makes your emails far more personal.If content material engagement is falling across social networks and organizations are obtaining it increasingly hard to generate content material that will result in far better customer experiences and better customer engagement, possibilities are e mail is in the exact same boat. Permission advertising and marketing goes hand in hand with not acquiring lists, securing opt-in, and sending wanted content. When somebody has offered you permission to communicate with them, make positive you are listening to them and gauging their responses so you never overdo it and make them change their thoughts about your messages.You have possibly also noticed a lot more brands sending out emails with emojis in the topic line. According to Campaign Monitor , brands that use emojis in their subject lines have noticed an boost in open prices of 45%. But be careful not to overdo it and certainly don't use them if the content material of the email broaches a severe topic. Comments: 0 Add a New Comment
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Kid toilet trainer,wooden potty chair with lid,potty training charts online google,sleep training baby 411 sleep - PDF Books At this point I am just trying to get out as fast as I can, but nature hadn’t let go as yet, when I hear another question. Gosh Whaaaat!, this question is just too weird for me but I figured I could just be polite and end the conversation. Set up the snack table with a snack in the middle, drinks in small pitchers (that small hands can pour), use nice napkins (this can be colored napkins instead of paper towel) and use this time for children to mimic what to do. For example: “Please pass the cookies”, now the next child will say this as another passes. The more colorful, the better so make sure to add lots of primary color feathers and paint the toilet paper roll green, red or blue! You can parrot all sorts of things such as boys pulling chairs out for girls, waiting until all are served, etc. Pottery barn outlet gilroy Online train bridge building game youtube How to make toilet training chart 1. neman, 16.09.2014 Convince her to go), we usually make a big song and dance most. 2. President, 16.09.2014 My experiences illustrate the standard, organic sit on the.
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Wednesday, 1 September 2010 preparation - everything or nothing? This month's RPG Blog Carnival is about preparation.  For some a necessary evil, for others a breeze and for the brave few, something they've heard of - once - but have no truck with. Preparation varies with a number of factors not just the quirks of the person running the game.  There are common elements that resemble story creation - the who, what, where, why, when and how of a situation.  Putting the whole thing together may be as simple as having three distinct events or working up something a bit more elaborate. Then there are variables based on system of choice and overall game duration.  Some people enjoy one system only while others prefer a bit of variety in their gaming.  These variables include but aren't limited to: • complexity of game system (compare 3:16 with D&D 3.5 with high-level Rolemaster) • session duration (D&D Encounters vs. tournament vs. an evening's gaming) • if the game is a one-shot or part of a campaign • nature of the setting (pre-generated module vs. self-created sandbox). Time to prepare can be a precious resource. Making it easier to prepare a game is one of the strongest ways a publisher can support the growth of their game.  Tools to simplify and automate the process makes even the most intensive preparation easier.  Checklists and templates can spark ideas not just for stories but also for characters, locations and even items met on the road.  Extremes in preparation can be a game killer.  Too much can stifle the ability to say 'Yes' when you need to and lead to burnout through exhaustive preparation of unused items.  Too little leads to chaos unless you're down with improvisation, keep it up while making notes of what went before and getting your story straight. Relevance to the characters (and to the players) can elevate a game.  Making it personal is a double-edged sword, some thrive on the challenge, others resent such base attempts at manipulation.  In some cases, there are hot buttons you just don't press.  Knowing what your players want is half the battle.  Providing it is the other half - talking good game is one thing.  Delivering may need slightly different capabilities. Everyone who runs a game has their own way of doing things.  Share what worked or what you learned from your failures.  If you've got tricks, tools or even opinions on how to make preparation easier, better or just plain quicker now's your chance to shine.  Let's see what September brings... 1. I'll have to think on this and see if I have any pearls. In general, I find myself gravitating toward systems that require little in the way of prep as I get older, but I still haven't gotten over my desire to do quirky settings that tend to require more thought. 2. Having seen The City, I'd love to see some of your prep process for a session there. 3. My contribution to this month's carnival is an upload of one of my session planning documents to give an example of my preparation style. I may put up other material this month - I like this theme a lot! Is more than one contribution acceptable? Also I forgot the rules of the carnival - am I supposed to use the pic? 4. Carnival rules (more guidelines really) can be found here. Tell your friends. @faustusnotes: Thanks - it's a good, detailed example of a session plan. Taking your points specifically. Using the pic is encouraged. Write as much as you like. 5. I wrote on this topic a few years ago in my "Three-Page Manifesto". The gist of it was that weekly game prep taking far too much time because I was writing way too much. That was fine when I was in my twenties, but once I had kids, well, that sort of time became a luxury. I refocused my efforts with the Three-Page Manifesto that consists of 1) a short recap of what came before 2) a brief summary of what I expect the night's adventure to cover and 3) Skeletons for 3-5 combat/role-playing encounters. The whole thing should take less than 3 pages. The idea is get the essentials down on paper, then flesh things out as needed. This approach helped considerably; I could usually knock out adventure overview in a night, and then either cherry pick monsters/NPCs from my source books (we play Star Wars, so I have lots to choose from) or rolled up NPCs on my lunch break. Once I did this, my weekly came suddenly became a lot more manageable. :) It's been a few years now since I wrote the manifesto, and I think I may need to do a follow-up post on Nuketown to go with the carnival. Thanks for the excellent topic! 6. You're welcome. Would like to see that manifesto - a template would be a popular download. 7. I can sum preparations up in one word, Triage.~ Thanks for hosting this time around Satyre 8. Thanks for both of your contributions. Only 13 days left to go. I may have to break out the carnival barking skills. Roll up, roll up! 9. I've added a post to Nuketown about the "The Lunchtime Game Master's Toolkit", which I use to run my lunchtime Savage Worlds game. 10. Thanks for hosting this month's carnival! great topic. Here's my ramble. Game Master Tool Illustrated: Plot Flowcharts Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger... Greatest Hits
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sports development sport & physical activity academic resources • Increase font size • Default font size • Decrease font size A Ruff Guide to Referencing (APA) E-mail Print How do I reference? APA Referencing: Basics - The reference list...... APA Referencing  is the referencing style of the American Psychological Association which is often used in the social sciences. APA is much the same as Harvard Referencing, following the format to cite a book: • Author, surname and initials, followed by a full stop • Publication year in brackets, followed by a full stop • Title of text in italics followed by a full stop • Place of publication followed by a colon • Name of publishers followed by a full stop Thus, the citation of a book in APA would be like this: Taylor, T. (2008). How to Reference. London: Macmillan. To cite a journal, follow this layout: • Author of article, surname and initials followed by a full stop • Date of publication in brackets followed by a full stop • Title of article followed by a full stop • Title of journal in italics followed by a full stop • Issue number followed by a full stop • Page numbers followed by a full stop. The citation of a journal in APA would be like this: Taylor, T. (2008). Good Referencing. Referencing Today. 2. 11-26. To cite an electronic text in APA follow this structure: • Date of publication in brackets followed by a full stop • Name of article followed by a full stop • Name of website in italics followed by a full stop • Date retrieved followed by a full stop • Website URL The citation of an electronic source in APA would look like this: Taylor, J. (2007). APA Referencing. Online Referencing Guide. Retrieved March 12, 2008, from http://www.onlinereferencingguide In-Text Citations: The Basics - In the text..... What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay. Note: APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research. E.g., Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found... APA Citation Basics When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, E.g., (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. In-Text Citation Capitalization, Quotes, and Italics/Underlining • Always capitalise proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones. • If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalise all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. (Note that in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalised: Writing new media.) • When capitalizing titles, capitalise both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs. • Capitalise the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo." • Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American Mind; The Wizard of Oz; Friends. • Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles: "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds"; "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Short Quotations If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation. Long Quotations Jones's (1998) study found the following: Summary or Paraphrase If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.) According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners. APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199). In-Text Citations: Author/Authors APA style has a series of important rules on using author names as part of the author-date system. There are additional rules for citing indirect sources, electronic sources, and sources without page numbers. Citing an Author or Authors A Work by Two Authors:Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use "&" in the parentheses. Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) showed... (Wegener & Petty, 1994) A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. In subsequent citations, only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. (Kernis et al., 1993) In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Six or More Authors: Use the first author's name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses. Harris et al. (2001) argued... (Harris et al., 2001) Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles and chapters are in quotation marks. Note: In the rare case the "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author. Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source. According to the American Psychological Association (2000),... If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000) Second citation: (MADD, 2000) Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list, separated by a semi-colon. (Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983) Authors With the Same Last Name: To prevent confusion, use first initials with the last names. Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation. Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that... Personal Communication: For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicators name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include personal communication in the reference list. Citing Indirect Sources Electronic Sources If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style. Kenneth (2000) explained... Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded with tutoring ("Tutoring and APA," n.d.). Sources Without Page Numbers When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the symbol, or the abbreviation "para." followed by the paragraph number (Hall, 2001, ¶ 5) or (Hall, 2001, para. 5). If the paragraphs are not numbered and the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading. Note that in some electronic sources, like Web pages, people can use the Find function in their browser to locate any passages you cite. According to Smith (1997), ... (Mind over Matter section, para. 6). Note: Never use the page numbers of Web pages you print out; different computers print Web pages with different pagination. 4. Footnotes and Endnotes Because long explanatory notes can be distracting to readers, APA style guidelines recommend the use of endnotes/footnotes. In the text, place a superscript numeral immediately after the text about which you would like to include more information, e.g.: Scientists examined the fossilized remains of the wooly-wooly yak.1 Number the notes consecutively in the order they appear in your paper. At the end of the paper, create a separate page labeled Notes (with the title centered at the top of the page). Below are examples of two kinds of notes. Evaluative bibliographic comments 1 See Blackmur (1995), especially chapters three and four, for an insightful analysis of this extraordinary animal. 2 On the problems related to yaks, see Wollens (1989, pp. 120-135); for a contrasting view, see Pyle (1992). Explanatory or additional information considered too digressive for the main text 3 In a recent interview, Weller (1998) reiterated this point even more strongly: "I am an artist, not a yak!" (p. 124). 5. Reference List: Basic Rules Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. It should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay. Basic Rules • Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work unless the work has more than six authors. If the work has more than six authors, list the first six authors and then use et al. after the sixth author's name to indicate the rest of the authors. • When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalise the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. • Capitalise all major words in journal titles. • Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. 6. Reference List: Author/Authors Single Author Last name first, followed by author initials. Two Authors List by their last names and initials. Use the "&" instead of "and." Three to Six Authors List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by "&" Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204. More Than Six Authors If there are more than six authors, list the first six as above and then "et al.," which stands for "and others." Remember not to place a period after "et" in "et al." Organization as Author American Psychological Association. (2003). Unknown Author NOTE: When your essay includes parenthetical citations of sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the source's title instead of an author's name. Use quotation marks and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations of the two sources above would appear as follows: (Merriam-Webster's, 1993) and ("New Drug," 1993). Two or More Works by the Same Author Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year (earliest comes first). Berndt, T.J. (1981). Berndt, T.J. (1999). When an author appears both as a sole author and, in another citation, as the first author of a group, list the one-author entries first. Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, 1312-1329. References that have the same first author and different second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the second author, or the last name of the third if the first and second authors are the same. Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year If you are using more than one reference by the same author (or the same group of authors listed in the same order) published in the same year, organise them in the reference list alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter. Then assign letter suffixes to the year. Refer to these sources in your essay as they appear in your reference list, e.g.: "Berdnt (1981a) makes similar claims..." Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416. 7. Reference List: Articles in Periodicals Basic Form APA style dictates that authors are named last name followed by initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalised. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized or underlined. Article in Journal Paginated by Volume Journals that are paginated by volume begin with page one in issue one, and continue numbering issue two where issue one ended, etc. Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896. Article in Journal Paginated by Issue Journals paginated by issue begin with page one every issue; therefore, the issue number gets indicated in parentheses after the volume. The parentheses and issue number are not italicized or underlined. Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13. Article in a Magazine Article in a Newspaper Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in APA style. Single pages take p., e.g., p. B2; multiple pages take pp., e.g., pp. B2, B4 or pp. C1, C3-C4. Letter to the Editor Moller, G. (2002, August). Ripples versus rumbles [Letter to the editor]. Scientific American, 287(2), 12. 8. Reference List: Books Basic Format for Books NOTE: For "Location," you should always list the city, but you should also include the state if the city is unfamiliar or if the city could be confused with one in another state. Edited Book, No Author Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Edited Book with an Author or Authors Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New York: Anchor. A Translation Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814). NOTE: When you cite a republished work, like the one above, work in your text, it should appear with both dates: Laplace (1814/1951). Edition Other Than the First Helfer, M.E., Keme, R.S., & Drugman, R.D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Article or Chapter in an Edited Book NOTE: When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, except for newspapers. Multivolume Work Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York: Scribner's. 9. Reference List: Other Print Sources An Entry in An Encyclopedia Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Work Discussed in a Secondary Source List the source the work was discussed in: NOTE: Give the secondary source in the references list; in the text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source. For example, if Seidenberg and McClelland's work is cited in Coltheart et al. and you did not read the original work, list the Coltheart et al. reference in the References. In the text, use the following citation: Dissertation Abstract Yoshida, Y. (2001). Essays in urban transportation (Doctoral dissertation, Boston College, 2001). Dissertation Abstracts International, 62, 7741A. Government Document Report From a Private Organization American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author. Conference Proceedings Schnase, J.L., & Cunnius, E.L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 10. Reference List: Electronic Sources Article From an Online Periodical Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved May 2, 2006, from Online Scholarly Journal Article Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number. Retrieved month day, year, from Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8.Retrieved February 20, 2001, from If the article appears as a printed version as well, the URL is not required. Use "Electronic version" in brackets after the article's title. Whitmeyer, J.M. (2000). Power through appointment [Electronic version]. Social Science Research, 29, 535-555. Article From a Database When referencing material obtained from an online database (such as a database in the library), provide appropriate print citation information (formatted just like a "normal" print citation would be for that type of work). Then add information that gives the date of retrieval and the proper name of the database. This will allow people to retrieve the print version if they do not have access to the database from which you retrieved the article. You can also include the item number or accession number in parentheses at the end, but the APA manual says that this is not required. (For more about citing articles retrieved from electronic databases, see page 278 of the Publication Manual.) Nonperiodical Web Document, Web Page, or Report Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved month day, year, from http://Web address. Chapter or Section of a Web document Engelshcall, R. S. (1997). Module mod_rewrite: URL Rewriting Engine. In Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3 Documentation (Apache modules.) Retrieved March 10, 2006, from E-mails are not included in the list of references, though you parenthetically cite them in your main text: (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001). Online Forum or Discussion Board Posting Message posted to an online newsgroup, forum, or discussion group. Include the title of the message, and the URL of the newsgroup or discussion board. NOTE: If only the screen name is available for the author, then use the screen name; however, if the author provides a real name, use their real name instead. Be sure to provide the exact date of the posting. Follow the date with the subject line, the thread of the message (not in italics). Provide any identifiers in brackets after the title, as in other types of references. Computer Software Ludwig, T. (2002). PsychInquiry [computer software]. New York: Worth. 11. Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources Interviews, Email, and Other Personal Communication No personal communication is included in your reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the communicators name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication in your main text only. Motion Picture Basic reference list format: Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D.D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio or distributor. Note: If a movie or video tape is not available in wide distribution, add the following to your citation after the country of origin: (Available from Distributor name, full address and zip code). A Motion Picture or Video Tape with International or National Availability Smith, J.D. (Producer), & Smithee, A.F. (Director). (2001). Really big disaster movie [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. A Motion Picture or Video Tape with Limited Availability Harris, M. (Producer), & Turley, M. J. (Director). (2002). Writing labs: A history [Motion picture]. (Available from Purdue University Pictures, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907) Television Broadcast or Series Episode Producer, P. P. (Producer). (Date of broadcast or copyright). Title of broadcast [Television broadcast or Television series]. City of origin: Studio or distributor. Single Episode of a Television Series Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D.D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of episode [Television series episode]. In P. Producer (Producer), Series title. City of origin: Studio or distributor. Wendy, S. W. (Writer), & Martian, I.R. (Director). (1986). The rising angel and the falling ape [Television series episode]. In D. Dude (Producer), Creatures and monsters. Los Angeles: Belarus Studios. Television Broadcast Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [Television broadcast]. New York: Central Broadcasting Service. A Television Series Bellisario, D.L. (Producer). (1992). Exciting action show [Television series]. Hollywood: American Broadcasting Company. Music Recording Songwriter, W. W. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from song writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date). For more about citing audiovisual media, see pages 266-269 of the Publication Manual. 12. Additional Resources If you are using APA style for a class assignment, it's a good idea to consult your tutor, advisor, TA, or other campus resources for help with using APA style—they're the ones who can tell you how the style should apply in your particular case. Print Resources Here are some print resources for using APA style. Most of these books are probably available in your local library. From the American Psychological Association: • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition) (ISBN: 1557987912) • Mastering APA Style: Student's Workbook and Training Guide (ISBN: 1557988919) • Mastering APA Style: Instructor's Resource Guide (ISBN: 1557988900) • Displaying Your Findings: A Practical Guide for Creating Figures, Posters, and Presentations (ISBN: 1557989788) From other publishers: • The World's Easiest Guide to Using the APA (ISBN: 0964385317) • Writing With Style: APA Style Made Easy (ISBN: 0534363652) • Writing With Style: APA Style for Social Work (ISBN: 0534263119) Other Online Resources: Formatting and Writing in APA Style Other Online Resources: Style Templates and Sample Papers Other Online Resources: Documenting and Referencing Sources 13. Types of APA Papers Literature Review A literature review is a summary of what the scientific literature says about your specific topic or question. Often student research in APA fields falls into this category. Your tutor might ask you to write this kind of paper to demonstrate your familiarity with work in the field pertinent to the research you hope to conduct. A literature review typically contains the following sections: • title page • introduction section • list of references Experimental Report In many of the social sciences, you will be asked to design and conduct your own experimental research. If so, you will need to write up your paper using a structure that is more complex than that used for just a literature review. We have a complete resource devoted to writing an experimental report in the field of psychology here. This structure follows the scientific method, but it also makes your paper easier to follow by providing those familiar cues that help your reader efficiently scan your information for: • why the topic is important (covered in your introduction) • what the problem is (also covered in your introduction) • what you did to try to solve the problem (covered in your methods section) • what you found (covered in your results section) • what you think your findings mean (covered in your discussion section) Thus an experimental report typically includes the following sections: • title page • abstract • introduction • method • results • discussion • references • appendixes (if necessary) • tables and/or figures (if necessary) As with the literature review, the length of this report may vary by course or by journal, but most often it will be determined by the scope of the research conducted. Other Papers When submitting a manuscript to a journal, make sure you follow the guidelines described in the submission policies of that publication, and include as many sections as you think are applicable to presenting your material. Remember to keep your audience in mind as you are making this decision. If certain information is particularly pertinent for conveying your research, then ensure that there is a section of your paper that adequately addresses that information. 14. APA Stylistics: Avoiding Bias Researchers who use APA often work with a variety of populations, some of whom tend to be stereotyped by the use of labels and other biased forms of language. Therefore, APA offers specific recommendations for eliminating bias in language concerning race, disability, and sexuality. Make Adjustments to Labels Although you should avoid labeling whenever possible, it is sometimes difficult to accurately account for the identity of your research population or individual participants without using language that can be read as biased. Making adjustments in how you use identifiers and other linguistic categories can improve the clarity of your writing and minimize the likelihood of offending your readers. In general, you should call people what they prefer to be called, especially when dealing with race and ethnicity. But sometimes the common conventions of language inadvertently contain biases towards certain populations - e.g. using "normal" in contrast to someone identified as "disabled." Therefore, you should be aware of how your choice of terminology may come across to your reader, particularly if they identify with the population in question. You can find an in-depth discussion of this issue and specific recommendations for how to appropriately represent people in your text on the APA website on the following pages: Avoid Gendered Pronouns While you should always be clear about the sex identity of your participants (if you conducted an experiment), so that gender differences are obvious, you should not use gender terms when they aren't necessary. In other words, you should not use "he," "his" or "men" as generic terms applying to both sexes. APA does not recommend replacing "he" with "he or she," "she or he," "he/she," "(s)he," "s/he," or alternating between "he" and "she" because these substitutions are awkward and can distract the reader from the point you are trying to make. The pronouns "he" or "she" inevitably cause the reader to think of only that gender, which may not be what you intend. To avoid the bias of using gendered pronouns: • Rephrase the sentence • Use plural nouns or plural pronouns - this way you can use "they" or "their" • Replace the pronoun with an article - instead of "his," use "the" • Drop the pronoun - many sentences sound fine if you just omit the troublesome "his" from the sentence • Replace the pronoun with a noun such as "person," "individual," "child," "researcher," etc. Find Alternative Descriptors To avoid unintentional biases in your language, look to the parameters of your research itself. When writing up an experimental report, describe your participants by the measures you used to classify them in the experiment, as long as the labels are not offensive. Example: If you had people take a test measuring their reaction times and you were interested in looking at the differences between people who had fast reaction times and those with slow reaction times, you could call the first group the "fast reaction time group" and the second the "slow reaction time group." Also, use adjectives to serve as descriptors rather than labels. When you use terms such as "the elderly" or "the amnesiacs," the people lose their individuality. One way to avoid this is to insert an adjective (e.g., "elderly people," "amnesic patients"). Another way is to mention the person first and follow this with a descriptive phrase (e.g., "people diagnosed with amnesia"), although it can be cumbersome to keep repeating phrases like this. 15. APA Stylistics: Basics Writing in APA is more than simply learning the formula for citations or following a certain page layout. APA also includes the stylistics of your writing, from point of view to word choice. Point of View and Voice When writing in APA Style, you rarely use the first person point of view ("I studied ..."). First person is not often found in APA publications unless the writer is a senior scholar who has earned some credibility to speak as an expert in the field. You should use the third person point of view ("The study showed ...) unless you are co-authoring a paper with at least one other person, in which case you can use "we" ("Our finding included ..."). In general, you should foreground the research and not the researchers. However, it is a common misconception that foregrounding the research requires using the passive voice ("Experiments have been conducted ..."). This is inaccurate. APA Style encourages using the active voice ("We conducted an experiment ..."). The active voice is particularly important in experimental reports, where the subject performing the action should be clearly identified (e.g. "We interviewed ..." vs. "The participants responded ..."). Clarity and Conciseness Clarity and conciseness in writing are important when conveying research in APA Style. You don't want to misrepresent the details of a study or confuse your readers with wordiness or unnecessarily complex sentences. For clarity, be specific rather than vague in descriptions and explanations. Unpack details accurately to provide adequate information to your readers so they can follow the development of your study. Example: "It was predicted that marital conflict would predict behavior problems in school-aged children." To clarify this vague hypothesis, use parallel structure to outline specific ideas: "The first hypothesis stated that marital conflict would predict behavior problems in school-aged children. The second hypothesis stated that the effect would be stronger for girls than for boys. The third hypothesis stated that older girls would be more affected by marital conflict than younger girls." To be more concise, particularly in introductory material or abstracts, you should pare out unnecessary words and condense information when you can (see the OWL handout on Conciseness in academic writing for suggestions). Example: The above list of hypotheses might be rephrased concisely as: "The authors wanted to investigate whether marital conflict would predict behavior problems in children and they wanted to know if the effect was greater for girls than for boys, particularly when they examined two different age groups of girls." Balancing the need for clarity, which can require unpacking information, and the need for conciseness, which requires condensing information, is a challenge. Study published articles and reports in your field for examples of how to achieve this balance. Word Choice You should even be careful in selecting certain words or terms. Within the social sciences, commonly used words take on different meanings and can have a significant effect on how your readers interpret your reported findings or claims. To increase clarity, avoid bias, and control how your readers will receive your information, you should make certain substitutions: • Use terms like "participants" or "respondents" (rather than "subjects") to indicate how individuals were involved in your research • Use terms like "children" or "community members" to provide more detail about who was participating in the study • Use phrases like "The evidence suggests ..." or "Our study indicates ..." rather than referring to "proof" or "proves" because no single study can prove a theory or hypothesis As with the other stylistic suggestions here, you should study the discourse of your field to see what terminology is most often used. Avoiding Poetic Language Writing papers in APA Style is unlike writing in more creative or literary styles that draw on poetic expressions and figurative language. Such linguistic devices can detract from conveying your information clearly and may come across to readers as forced when it is inappropriately used to explain an issue or your findings. Therefore, you should: • minimize the amount of figurative language used in an APA paper, such as metaphors and analogies unless they are helpful in conveying a complex idea • avoid rhyming schemes, alliteration, or other poetic devices typically found in verse • use simple, descriptive adjectives and plain language that does not risk confusing your meaning Download this file (apa_referencing_basics.pdf)apa_referencing_basics.pdfAPA Referencing - The Basics Last Updated on Wednesday, 15 April 2009 11:48   Main Menu Student Zone
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A sample text widget How much soy should you take when you have menopause? What does the soy do for the body? You should taklk with your MD before talking soy supplements. Most health experts prefer you get the soy forom soy based foods. Surviving, but Still Haunted I have four sisters. I had five until 1980, when I lost a sister to breast cancer. It was so hard to believe that she lost her life. She was only 32 years old. She had a mastectomy and we all thought she would be OK. When the doctors told her that she only had […] Lifestyle Important Determinant of Heart Disease in Women For years experts have advised the public to improve heart health by making various changes in diet and lifestyle. Numerous studies indicate that either not smoking, eating more fruits and vegetables, eating less saturated fat, or getting regular exercise can lower heart disease risk. Breast Feeding. Part 2 Newborns also need non-nutritive sucking that can be gotten from an occasional pacifier or a parent’s finger or from their own hand if they are assisted. If left on the breast endlessly, many infants will tire themselves out with little milk benefit in the first few days, as the supply has not yet […] Breast Feeding. Part 1 Most women intend to breast feed their first newborn yet many are unable to meet their own expectations. There are so many varied opinions and sources of information and misinformation available that here is every reason for this situation to be difficult and vexing. FDA Approves Abortion Pill On September 28, 2000 the FDA approved mifepristone (brand name Mifeprex) for use in the United States to end early pregnancy (49 days or less). Mifepristone is a drug that blocks progesterone, a hormone needed for continuation of pregnancy, when used with a second drug called misoprostol (currently available in the […] Am I Pregnant? While they are not failsafe indicators of pregnancy, a missed menstrual period, nausea, tender breasts, frequent urination, and fatigue are often the first indications that conception may have occurred. Other common early signs of pregnancy include changes in the color of vaginal tissue, darkening of the areola (the skin around the nipples), blue and pink […]
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Dan Rubin's SuperfluousBanter Design, random musings, and the Web. Since 1977 Simple CSS Hover Tab Thingy Update: The original edit of this post and demo file didn’t quite work in IE6/7 (ok, didn’t work at all, really). That’s what you get when you rush and/or don’t care about certain browsers :) See the comments for my quick explanation of the fix (the demo now works in FF2/3, Safari 2/3, Opera 9, and IE6/7). Ok, so the name won’t win any awards, but let’s be honest: neither will this mini-tutorial, or the idea itself (nothing groundbreaking here, move along…). But after throwing together a quick little (you guessed it) hover/tab/thingy for my previous article, I thought I was fun enough to share, in case you find a need for it someday. The usual suspects The “thingy” in question is just a simple unordered list, with each list item containing an anchor and an image—we want the images in this case because I want them to display in my RSS feed and for anyone who can’t (or chooses not to) view the styled version of this site. Note: Feel free to reference images in the stylesheet rather than inline if that suits your purposes. Because I know you need permission, don’t you… If you were too lazy to click the link to my previous article above (and who could blame you, really), here’s a quick demo page. Moving right along… First, the markup (with URLs truncated to save trees): Simple, uncluttered, uncomplicated. Just how I know you like it. Next, the CSS—not quite as short as the markup, but that’s how the story often goes: ul#hover-tab-thingy { height:498px; } #hover-tab-thingy li { list-style:none; } #hover-tab-thingy li a { padding:9px 21px; border-right:1px solid #fff; } #hover-tab-thingy li a:hover { color:#fff; } li#one a, li#one a:hover { color:#555; } #hover-tab-thingy li a img { border:3px solid #e5e5e5; } li#one a img, #hover-tab-thingy li a:hover img { margin-left:0; } li#two a:hover img, li#three a:hover img { border-color:#f60; } This is all fairly straightforward, so here are the highlights that may help when duplicating this on your own: 1. The entire idea is that you have tabs that are each associated with content (images in this case) which are made visible when the user hovers over the tab. There are more things you could do with this, but that’s your job, grasshopper. 2. The tabs are floated; the content elements (img in this case) clear the floats. 3. The content elements are set to position:absolute, so they can appear in the same location for each tab. To accomplish this, the ul is set to position:relative (in short: an absolutely positioned element will be positioned relative to its nearest positioned ancestor—see Doug Bowman’s great write up for more), and it’s probably a good idea if the dimensions of your ul (the container for your content) have a lot in common with those of your content elements. 4. IE6 has a problem reverting elements that set display:block on :hover to their original state (e.g. display:none). To counter this, use a negative left margin as the default positioning, and then set margin-left:0; on the hover state, which works in all modern browsers. 5. The width and height is specific to my example (the dimensions of the images I used), ditto for the padding on the tabs and the top positioning on the img elements (to push them below the tabs). Bend them to your will. 6. Everyone dies at the end of The Departed. Seriously, everyone. That should be the subtitle of the movie. Obligatory wrap-up This may be something that you’ll find use for on a regular basis—one of those tiny snippets of reusable “stuff” that you’ll be glad you don’t have to type every time. Or you’ll never need it because you can’t for the life of you think of any reason why you’d need to reveal some content whilst hovering over a tab (I’m pretty much just painting the sarcasm with a roller at this point…). Whatever your future may hold, now you have something you might not have had before, and that’s never a bad thing—unless we’re talking about some sort of disease, in which case… 15 comments on “Simple CSS Hover Tab Thingy” 1. Posted by Dan Mall on Tuesday, August 19th, 2008. I can’t believe you would ruin The Departed like that without warnings of a spoiler. 2. Posted by Dan Rubin on Tuesday, August 19th, 2008. @Dan: I can’t believe I haven’t customized the colors of the code sample formatting plugin I just installed. You can’t tell me a spoiler is worse than that pink… 3. Posted by Lea on Tuesday, August 19th, 2008. The title “The Departed” pretty much said it all. 4. Posted by Bridget Stewart on Tuesday, August 19th, 2008. You mean, everyone dies except Marky Mark. Now THAT’S a spoiler. 5. Posted by Dan Rubin on Tuesday, August 19th, 2008. @Lea: :) @Bridget: Oooo, raising the bar… 6. Posted by Nick on Wednesday, August 20th, 2008. Nice! Floated anchors do not align correctly in IE6. I did not test IE7, but it looks fine in FF3 so I figure its bound to be close. None the less good job 7. Posted by lk on Wednesday, August 20th, 2008. Broken in IE7 8. Posted by Dan Rubin on Wednesday, August 20th, 2008. @Nick: I threw this together quickly, and didn’t feel like launching VMWare at the time, so thanks for the note – then again, none of us are really surprised at anything not working in IE6 anymore, are we? ;) @lk: Thanks so much for your insightful comment. I’ll fire up XP and take a look at what needs to be tweaked for at least IE7, and maybe IE6 while I’m at it. Wouldn’t want to leave the high percentages out in the cold :) 9. Posted by Dan Rubin on Thursday, August 21st, 2008. I’ve updated the post and demo with corrected CSS, so everything now works in IE6/7. The problem was two-fold: I had neglected to set the list items to float:left;, which IE6/7 both require in order to get the tabs to line up. That fixed the positioning in the IE duo, but then a strange thing happened: IE6 wasn’t reverting the img elements to their default invisible state of display:none, so once you hovered over a tab, its image stayed put (meaning if you hovered over all the tabs, the 3rd and top-most image would stay visible permanently). While this is obviously a bug in IE6, I didn’t think it warranted either an IE6 stylesheet or an inline hack, so I found another way. That way was using a negative left margin as the default positioning, and then just setting the margin to zero on hover. The new method works in your standard compliment of browsers (see the update at the very top of the post), so go forth and be fruitful. 10. Posted by lk on Thursday, August 21st, 2008. Good job. Didn’t mean to be rude with my terse comment… was just in a hurry I guess. 11. Posted by Dan Rubin on Friday, August 22nd, 2008. @lk: no worries, I just have to poke a little fun at those kinds of comments every so often ;) The main point is that *I* was in a hurry when I coded it up, so thanks for pointing out that it needed fixing. It’s much more useful now that it works in the IEs :) 12. Posted by Chad on Tuesday, March 3rd, 2009. This brings about a good point that I am always bitched at about by my clients. IE6 interoperability. I use a Mac, I code in Coda (flame away if you will) and use MAMP for testing. I recently completed a design for a site and had tested it in Safari, FF2 & 3 IE7 and Opera (even thought it’s only about 2%) and the client screamed at me because one of their biggest customers (roots) uses IE6 still. WTF uses IE6 still!? Jesus. Anyways. Long story short, I found a program called IETester that you can download from Softpedia, to do ie5.5 ie6, ie7 and ie8 beta testing all in one. It’s decent but only on windows of course; so fire up VMware or Parallels and test away! 13. Posted by Kids Wall Art on Saturday, March 7th, 2009. Nice “thingy,” and @chad I’ve been looking for a tool that tests in all of the IEs. Thanks!
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buy modafinil ireland rating 5-5 stars based on 84 reviews Humanistic psychology emphasizes the inherentcapacity of human beings to seek and find meaning buy modafinil ireland including during periods which are distressingfor people. The corpus is the body, and the cruraare two bands of ?brous tissue that attach the clitoris to thepelvic bone. GSK-3? phosphorylates ?-catenin buy modafinil ireland which targets it forubiquitination and thus degradation, preventing its translocation to the nucleuswhere it acts as a transcription factor for proliferation genes. The Gi coupled P2Y12 (also labelledP2YAC) type of purinergic receptors which mediateadenylyl cyclase inhibition due to ADP areblocked irreversibly by the active metabolite ofticlopidine. In order todevelop an SHD from the eD or the BMDL , a series ofuncertainty factors would be applied, analogous to the nOAeLapproach. A variety of organisms can lead to brain abscess,and mixed infections are present in 30–60%. MR spec-troscopy and MR perfusion can help differentiate recur-rent tumor from treatment effect in patients who havereceived prior radiation therapy (RT). There is no research to justify the use ofplacebos to treat pain. In most cases buy modafinil ireland the ADtype of pathology is minor, but in some, it may be suffi -cient to warrant a diagnosis of concurrent AD. Denies participation inany activities requiring protective headgear Denies participation inany activities requiring protective headgear. Superficial swabs and surface biopsies from openwounds must be avoided, because there is a high chance of culturing bacteria belongingto skin flora colonizing the wound. Impact of coronary artery calcium on coronary heart disease events inindividuals at the extremes of traditional risk factor burden: the Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Estimatingthe rate of bone penetration enables recommendations on the administration time ofantibiotic prophylaxis before surgery. Bykov VJ et al (2002) Restoration of the tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 by alow-molecular-weight compound. Because autofluores-cent molecules are not numerous, however, the microscope’smost widespread application is the display of introducedfluorescence, as in the detection of antigens or antibodiesin immunocytochemical staining procedures (see Fig. The pain is usuallyin the epigastric area and may radiate to the back The pain is usuallyin the epigastric area and may radiate to the back. Thankfully, though, the list of root words andsuffixes (no prefixes here) is fairly compact Thankfully, though, the list of root words andsuffixes (no prefixes here) is fairly compact. (2008).Barriers and facilitators to mobile phone use for people with aphasia.Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation,15 buy modafinil ireland 307–324. (1996) The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminalneuralgia. (3) It is harder to access a graft than atwo-tailed subclavian. Some functionally important phagocytic cells are notderived directly from monocytes. Double-contrast bar-ium enema (DCBE) and CT colonography (CTC) are com-mon modalities for the detection of colonic polyps. 23.2 P/F ratio buy modafinil ireland OI, and PaCO 2 at four time points in?rst 24 h of prone positioning. The mechanism appears to be due to increasein coronary vascular resistance and decrease in coronary bloodflow at the beginning of exercise. Mother is 42 years old, father is 43 years old, sis-ter is 17 years old. The first prosthesis consistedof two components and relied on cement fixation to the bone. Viralspread via cell-to-cell contact is thought to contribute to initial establishment of a populationof HTVL-1?infected cells (Figure 2C). MRI of brain and spinal cord—investigation of choice (positive in 95% cases). A case report with eight workersfrom a microwave popcorn plant associated the developmentof BO with exposure to particulates and a range of organicvapors from flavoring agents where predominant compoundswere acetic acid buy modafinil ireland acetaldhyde, and several ketones (diacetyl,methyl ethyl ketone, acetoin, 2-nonanone) from their moni-toring data. Dabhade AM, Pawar BH, Ghunage MS, Ghunage VM.Effect of pranayama (breathing exercise) on arrhyth-mias in the human heart. 6 thoughts on “Any idea what this is? 1. It’s a game played by children… Something similar to the medieval “Ball in the cup” toy…. only harder! 2. I agree with Derf. Muzzle loader loading block allowing for different powder loads. It’s either that or a Framus with 3 Jam Bucks. 3. This is a muzzleloader block, the guy that owns it finally found the paperwork that identify’s it as such. 4. Sorry, I should have posted the photo earlier as to what it truly was.
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From Lost Hope Manual Jump to: navigation, search Bank.gif(35 × 36 pixels, file size: 1 KB, MIME type: image/gif) File history current21:15, 6 February 2016Thumbnail for version as of 21:15, 6 February 201635 × 36 (1 KB)Sith (Talk | contribs) • You cannot overwrite this file. The following page links to this file:
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4 questions for YouTube’s head of culture and trends YouTube is an increasingly important and rich reflection of our culture. Kevin Allocca, head of culture and trends at YouTube, explains what brands can learn from keeping up with cultural trends on the platform. Source: Think With Google Contact Us
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Level: Create a Classic 2019 - Tomb of Thoth back home search Author(s): Dreamfall release date: 05-Nov-2019 # of downloads: 556 average rating: 8.36 review count: 11 read reviews review yourself file size: 27.50 MB file type: TR4 class: Egypt author profile(s):email(s): Note: Package updated on Nov 14, 2019: Fixed bug in the boss fight. In months of digging the desert, Lara and her team finally find the supposed tomb of Thoth the Egyptian god of wisdom. After exploring the tomb for a while, they fail to pass the main entrance and soon after they give up. In the way back thinking of it, Lara reminds that Thoth is also known as the god of the moon and then she decides to enter the tomb alone at night...
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Mantra Meditation for Body Confidence Being comfortable in your own skin is the best beauty secret of all. Put this meditation on repeat and watch your body confidence soar. WARNING: Do not use or practise this/ these meditations while driving, operating machinery or engaged in activity that requires your concentration. Length: 4 minutes Share this Terms of Use and Disclaimer Meditation is widely considered a safe activity. At beginner levels, it is mainly an exercise in relaxation and concentration. If you have a history of mental illness, or are concerned about your mental health, you should consult with your health care provider before using this or these products. No warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by the creator, provider or seller. The creator, provider, seller and their associates shall have no liability or responsibility to any person or entity regarding any loss or damage incurred, or alleged to have incurred, directly or indirectly, by the use of this or these products. You are responsible for your own choices, actions, and results. You are also responsible for how you choose to understand, misunderstand, use or misuse any of these products.
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WeGo kids EAT helps families stay fueled and hydrated for their active lifestyle! 'Tis the Season for Treats Treats Treats We all need them! Something special, whether your choice is chocolaty or fruity, crunchy or icy cold. When I first stopped all processed sugar, I was a cranky cranky mama. Here are several treats I used to get me passed the ‘sugar blues’. Nice Creams---ice cream made from bananas and/or fruit. No, really, just bananas and fruit (though some add ins are super yummy). My two favs are a pineapple basil one with a touch of maple syrup and a banana/peanut butter/chocolate chip (stevia sweetened)/pretzel one. I fed the last one to my big’s BFF when she was having sinus problems and trying to avoid dairy. She was in heaven!!!! Roasted Fruit Roasted Fruit is the perfect holiday treat this season---this is so easy, people! Take some fruit (fresh pineapple chunks, peaches sliced in half and destoned, plums, nectarines, blueberries, blackberries, mix and match, be creative), toss it in a little bit of macadamia nut oil (or walnut oil or other nutty oil to give it a rich taste) and roast. I roast mine between 375 and 425 depending on how much time I have. It takes between 25-35 minutes, depending on size of fruit and oven temperature. Eat as is or use it to top your banana nice cream. Coconut Milk Whip Cream Whip up some coconut milk whip cream (refrigerate a can of full fat coconut milk overnight.) Do not shake!!!! Remove from fridge, flip can over and open. Pour out the coconut water, but save it for smoothies. Scoop the left over coconut cream into a bowl, flavor with vanilla extract or powder and maple syrup/honey/agave. Use can also use a hand mixer to whip into whip cream- more like clotted cream but still super yummy. ENJOY!!! WeGo kids - Yoga
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Term paper warehouse Spread the love The Internet is full of services that guarantee the compilation of term papers for the purpose of students. For example, they include personal writing services and term paper bases. In the initial case, a high school student gives the work the conditions for a note, and the fiction writers should work there. As a result, there is an action of excellent quality, which does not include plagiarism, due to the fact that the beloved is registered by an expert in this field. In the 2nd case, the student of the university acquires an admission to the basis of information works and selects, which is necessary with them. The problems of these works are endless. Such websites often include disclaimers that they need to be used only in experimental targets. Term paper warehouse – this is data base The stock of term papers is basically a significant basis of information from thousands of theoretical essays and term papers of an educational institution. Customers pay in order to acquire admission to print media. Further, they have every chance to look at the basis of information and select the paper. Activities have a small preparatory show, something that allows the student to realize that a publication unit is suitable for the purpose of performing the task. As well as the principle, this service gives a significant property of their papers and a lack of plagiarism. However, there are certain dangers. Further, there were reviews from students who used term paper warehouse services about the property. It is reported that the papers in such systems are often plagiarized up to a certain level. In a similar way, there is a possibility of this, the fact that the content of some notes in 1 and this fact will be mixed or certain segments will be destroyed. Institutes and colleges have a difficult programmatic provision in order to identify plagiarism, which is competent to establish that a unit of media content was copied from which places — in this case, more. A plagiarism action means that a high school student is able to withdraw from an educational institution, and in addition is able to acquire a proper grade in a student magazine. Availability and types of appointments on term paper warehouse Warehouses of a multi-course document are readily available 24 minutes a day and provide an extensive list of papers. The needy student simply needs to spend a period in order to find the best one. Thus, the fact that a university student is obliged to purchase in this case, what is necessary. Be aware of all the risks of using these services. Your scores are significant, for this reason, by all means familiarize yourself with absolutely all the advantages and disadvantages of warehouse papers. Do not forget that these papers had the opportunity to be applied before. If the website tells you that the publication existed was rewritten, this is the best view, despite the fact that such works often do not work with the existing papers of theirs.
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Kangaroo Court Creation Icon Creation Icon When I was younger I was indoctrinated into the Creationist myth. We had an answer for everything. We were thoroughly convinced, although not convincing to others. I now know the arguments once so convincing were (and still are) based upon old data, bad science, and faulty theology. Yet I still hear the same old nonsense over and over again. The echo chamber never learns. We had our own definition of terms which we applied to everything. Our understanding of a scientific theory was akin to the scientist’s definition of a hypothesis. “It’s just a theory,” we would say, ignoring the scientific definition of theory — which has its basis in evidence. This is similar to the atheist’s definition of faith. To the atheist, faith is always blind, devoid of any evidentiary basis; yet for Christians, faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things unseen. Faith is both substantial and based on evidence, much like a scientific theory. The creationist runs a Kangaroo Court. The decision has already been rendered before the evidence has been heard; the quality of the argument is of no consequence. The creationist has run afoul of the existential fallacy, in that the argument begins with a universal premise and affirms a particular conclusion. In the beginning, God created; therefore, evolution is false. But the universal premise does not preclude the particular conclusion. Moreover, the creationist fails to deal with scripture as the author intended, and as the audience would have understood it. The Genesis accounts are an exercise in demythologizing. No matter what the pagans affirmed, the Genesis accounts contradicted them. No matter which God they worshipped, the God of Genesis was greater still. The apostles warned us to be on guard against the Judaizers. The early church fathers warned us against the literalistic interpretation of scripture as used by the Jews. It should be obvious that the bible is written in poetry, not prose; yet the evangelical Christian has an entirely prosaic view of the bible. So go ahead and bang that gong. Clang that symbol. Just be aware that intransigence is contrary to the Gospel.
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Difference Between Reflection and Total Internal Reflection - Reflection vs Total Internal Reflection Reflection and total internal reflection are very important physical properties of waves. In general, when a wave strikes on an object, the resulting change of the direction of the wave is called reflection. The most important and known fact about the reflection is the ability to see objects when light rays reflected from the object to the eye. In fact, the total internal reflection is mostly discussed under the reflection of light. There are many technical usages of wave reflection and total internal reflection such as ultra sound technology and sonar technology and fiber optics respectively. Since this is a broad area of wave mechanics, in this discussion, we are going to discuss mainly about reflection and total internal reflection of light and reflection laws of light briefly.
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Skip to main content RR Tauri "Stars are equal; it is not birth but mass that makes the difference" (paraphrasing Voltaire on men) Birth of a star: getting to the main sequence Young stellar objects show a multitude of different phenomena that are related to the formation and early evolution of stars. The life of a star begins with gravitational contraction in a dense interstellar cloud. Initiated by some external perturbation, like a nearby supernova explosion, seeds of stars are created via increased density in molecular clouds, which eventually lead to an accelerated contraction of matter. Star formation is also accompanied by complex inflow and outflow processes that will determine the final mass of the newly formed star. Pre-main sequence<br /> evolutionary tracks Pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks. Herbig Ae/Be stars, which include RR Tau, have masses from 2 to 8-10 solar masses, so that they live as pre-main sequence objects for 105--106 years before reaching the hydrogen-burning main sequence phase. (Credit: D. Gary, NJIT) During the contraction phase, the central regions of these protostars are heated up, first by converting gravitational potential energy to heat and then by igniting the first thermonuclear reactions in form of nuclear burning of deuterium. When the protostar reaches a certain temperature, external mass accretion stops due to the increased radiation pressure. After this point, the star will continue its contraction until the core temperature reaches about 107 K and hydrogen fusion is ignited. Ordinary stars will spend most of their lifetimes converting hydrogen to helium in their cores and it is this phase of energy production that defines the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Young stellar objects between the end of external mass accretion and beginning of core hydrogen burning are called pre-main sequence (PMS) stars. As always in stellar astrophysics, different classes of PMS objects have been defined according to their masses. Low-mass objects with masses around 1 solar mass are known as T Tauri stars, whose formation is reasonably well-understood (see also T Tauri in the VSOTS Archive). Massive stars with masses greater than 10 solar masses are only formed in giant molecular clouds and these objects spend their whole PMS time as obscured objects, optically invisible due to extremely strong dust obscuration. Intermediate-mass PMS stars between about 2 and 10 solar masses, are in many sense the interface between low-mass and high-mass star formation, thus bridging the gap between the two ends of the mass spectrum. Named after George H. Herbig, who first studied them in a systematic way (Herbig 1960), these objects are the Herbig Ae/Be (HAEBE) stars. RR Tau, the Winter 2007 Variable Star of the Season, is one of the best studied northern HAEBE stars with spectacular light variations. George H. Herbig George H. Herbig, Astronomer Emeritus of the University of Hawaii The HAEBE stars were first discussed as a group in a paper by Herbig (1960) that started a whole new research field. He studied Ae and Be stars (i.e. stars of spectral types A and B, showing emission lines in their spectra) associated with a nebulosity, and selected a sample of 26 stars based on three criteria: 1. The star has spectral type A or B with emission lines, 2. it is located in an obscured region, and 3. the star illuminates a bright nebulosity in its immediate vicinity. As Herbig (1960) pointed out in the abstract of his paper, "the peculiarities did not appear unique to this group: they may be found as well in stars that are not associated with nebulosity." Indeed, more recent discoveries of objects that share many but not all of the properties in Herbig's list justifies a slight adjustment of the definition. In particular, many new HAEBE stars have been revealed that appear isolated, i.e. they are not associated with nebulosity and are not clearly located in an area of active star formation. Waters & Waelkens (1998), in their review paper, summarized the latest developments in the following modified working definition of HAEBE stars: (a) spectral type A or B with emission lines, (b) infrared excess radiation due to hot or cool circumstellar dust or both, and (c) luminosity class III to V. In recent years, HAEBE stars have gained considerable interest as the possible progenitors of beta Pictoris and Vega-type stars, which are intermediate-mass main-sequence objects surrounded by circumstellar debris disks. Various arguments that the existence of these disks points to the presence of planetary bodies open the possibility that the environment of HAEBE stars is the site of current planet formation (Waters & Waelkens 1998). RR Tau, as one of the 26 stars on the list of Herbig (1960), shares all points of the initial group definition. Its location in a small dark cloud was noticed by Hoffmeister (1949); the bright nebulosity was discovered by George Herbig himself in the early 1950's. The brightest feature of this nebulosity is a knot about 14" east of the variable star; from this knot and from the star two faint arcs run to about 50" northward of RR Tau. 15x15' field of view around RR Tau (the star in the middle) from the Digitized Sky Survey. North is up; east is to the left. Note the extended filamentary structures of faint nebulosities in the upper and the right-hand sides of the image. (Credit: AURA, Inc.) A close-up view showing about 1x1' around RR Tau, taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The diffraction spikes point approximately towards north-south and east-west. (Credit: D. Padgett, HST Proposal 9160) These structures are clearly visible in the Digitized Sky Survey images shown above. Further faint structures are extended towards the northwest, where long filaments go well beyond the boundaries of the image. The bright knot in the nebulosity, which is, in principle, a relatively easy target for CCD observers, was found to change in brightess by Herbig (1960), thus its physical association to RR Tau is clearly established. Recently, the Hubble Space Telescope captured the details of this knot at an unprecedented level, revealing tiny filaments apparently pointing away from the star. It is not yet clear what kind of interactions take place between RR Tau and its immediate vicinity. The variable star RR Tau: further acronyms on the way Probably the most exciting feature of RR Tau (at least for AAVSO observers) is its violent variability in the optical spectral region. The full range of variation extends over 3 magnitudes with maxima at 10.6 mag and minima down to 13.8-14.0 mag. Moreover, the variations occur on timescales as short as a day and are completely unpredictable! To illustrate the point, we show the AAVSO light curve for four consecutive seasons between 1997 and 2001. The apparent "scatter" of the curve is actually quite misleading: it is the rapid day-to-day variability that makes the light curve seemingly thick. RR Tau light<br /> curve from AAVSO The visual light curve of RR Tau based on observations collected by the AAVSO. Besides the seasonal gaps in the data, the plot clearly illustrates the unpredictable variability of this star. A number of studies addressed photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic variations of RR Tau (see the references below). The emerging picture is the following. There are well-defined trends between brightness, color, and polarization during the strong fadings that dominate the light curve. As the star fades, it becomes redder, but in the deepest minima the B-V color reverses, becoming bluer for V>13.0 mag. Photopolarimetry showed sharp increases in the percentage of linearly polarized light during photometric minima, with stronger polarization seen at shorter wavelengths. These characteristics (large, aperiodic optical minima, reddening followed by a bluening at deepest minima, and anticorrelated polarization) place RR Tau in the UXOR subclass of HAEBE stars, named after the prototype UX Orionis. Roughly one in every four HAEBEs belong to the UXOR group. Although they were identified in the late 1960's (referred to as "Algol-type minima" stars), the physical mechanism of variability is still rather controversial. The leading model assumes that the minima are caused by obscuration of the star by large orbiting circumstellar clouds (Grinin 1988). This theory explains well the bluening effect and increased polarization in minima, both a result of increased percentage of scattered starlight by dust during optical minima. However, the model would require a nearly edge-on disk configuration if clouds are orbiting in a Keplerian disk, which is not supported by independent estimates of disk inclination angle. Another theory suggests that the obscuring bodies are infalling "cometary" bodies, similar to the model developed for the young main-sequence star beta Pictoris ("clumpy" accretion by Graham 1992). However, to reproduce the observed deep fadings, very large dust comae (comparable to the size of the star) or a very large number of them are required. A variation of the model assumes instabilities in the circumstellar disk leading to variable obscuration (Bertout 2000). A fundamentally different model attributes the source of the photometric variability to a variable accretion flow onto the star (Herbst & Shevchenko 1999). In this model the dominant source of the optical brightness is accretion luminosity. At maximum light we see the optically thick surface of the accretion disk, while at optical minima, the external accretion diminishes to the point that the disk becomes transparent and we can see the underlying star. So this is in stark contrast with the obscuration hypothesis: instead of assuming that the brightest state represents the true luminosity of the star, the accretion model implies that only at optical minima can we see the star itself. In this respect, this model resembles the one that has been widely accepted for the FU Orionis-type outbursts of young stars (known as FUORs, see also FU Ori) A recent spectroscopic study of RR Tau, which also made use of the simultaneous AAVSO light curve (Rodgers et al. 2002), found supporting evidence for the obscuration models, in which a featureless absorber moves in and out of the line of sight, thus causing fadings and rebrightenings. The obscuring screen acts as "nature's coronograph", blocking the source of the continuum radiation and some portion of the circumstellar environment. Interestingly, the majority of the low-density wind exists outside of the obscured region. Rodgers et al. (2002) concluded that the obscuration was caused by a dusty absorber bigger than the star itself but still smaller than the circumstellar envelope. However, apart from the general picture, not much is known about the origin and fate of these dusty clouds, so that further investigations should be performed before concluding that we understand all important problems about RR Tau and its siblings. Observing RR Tauri Constellation Taurus The constellation Taurus from Johann Bayer's Uranometria (1603). 125 Tau, the starting point of the star hop to RR Tau, is shown by the red mark roughly half-way between the endpoints of the bullhorns (β and ζ Tauri). (Credit: Linda Hall Library) RR Tau is a perfect observing target for every clear night with a moderate-sized telescope that can go close to the inner sanctum ranges (magnitude 13.8 or fainter) - that means a 6-to-10-inch telescope depending on your light pollution. Since the variations are seemingly irregular and completely unpredictable, it is worth following as often as possible. Charts of C- and D-scale contain 125 Tau, which is a 5.2 mag star easily identifiable in as early publications as Johann Bayer's Uranometria from 1603. Observers with CCD cameras may want to record the image of the reflection nebula around RR Tau and its variations in time. Good seeing for this is essential because the brightest knot of the nebula is only a few arcseconds across. RR Tau can be seen in a good portion of the year to northern observers with winter as the best observing season. Due to its proximity to the ecliptic plane, the star is unobservable between mid-May and early August. For the same reason there can be monthly gaps when the Moon is hanging around. Every other clear night could, however, bring surprising turns in the brightness of the star, so that everyone interested can start following RR Tau and its unexpected fadings. Observations may then be submitted to the AAVSO, where they will be added to the 90-year database for the star (the first observations go back to early 1917). For those interested in this very interesting variable star, we wish clear skies throughout the observing season - and way beyond! For More Information This season's Variable Star of the Season was prepared by Dr. László Kiss, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Integrating Shadow Dynamics Handed Down From Parents: Collective Unconscious Embodied in An Epoch Saturday May 24, 2008 Hello Alice: As the Subject box states above, I’m interested in how one may inherit unconscious tendencies from one’s parents; which may dovetail, as an overlay, to one’s own creativity and vitality–shaping one energetically from what gets handed down, from one generation to another. I’ve just come through an 8-year process of assisting both of my parents go through their final years of life–attending to their death and dying process, by assisting the gradual process of letting go; all of which brought me closer to them, confirming the value of my buddhist spiritual practices, while at the same time revealing family of origin dynamics reeling through both of my other two brothers, and the internal suffering they’ve been carrying around and consequently projecting onto me. So with this as an introduction, I’d like to ask how one may work with these family of origin dynamics–especially when there are family members locked up by their own vital energy, and awareness, being repressed and denied. Your work has opened up and illuminated numerous insights for me, but I’m still wondering how to best integrate or work through these latent traits of discontent–from first my parents dynamics, and then the seemingly recurring psycho-emotional patterns of my siblings, and at times peers. So I’ll describe a bit of what I’ve grown through. For the past thirteen years I’ve been reading and studying all I can about the Shadow and early childhood development. And when I read Thou Salt Not Be Aware, I cried from feeling so touched by your words of truth–expressing what no-one had ever said to me before. On the inside, I felt how accurately you described how one’s vitality gets shut down–for protecting one’s vulnerable self for feeling so at risk emotionally, at risk for losing what little love or for the chance of it ever existing could occur. Atmospherically, when growing up, I could feel my father’s anger and fear, which he’d attempt to hide in his silence. And yet, out of this silence, I’d avoid his angst ridden vitality by staying away from him–which only subjected me to further disrespect from him; first for how he treated me out of humiliation, and second how he rarely showed any affection towards me, my two brothers, or my mother. So when I read For Your Own Good, a key line phrase which summarized, by description, Adolf Hitler’s childhood psyche and stood out as a tell-tale marker to how a child’s unconscious potentially inherits the shadow of one’s parents: Pg. 180, “Only a child’s unconscious can copy a parent so exactly that every characteristic of the parent can later be found in the child.” So I’ve continued to read and study your other books, but have come to realize this incidence of the parents unconscious being inherited by the youth is a timeless tale of cross-cultural suffering. Outside of personal therapy, of one working on one’s own awareness, to cultivate loving kindness for one’s own being and then others, how can I assist alleviating others whom I love–who reel from now their own internal sufferings? I post this following link to an article which reveals this is a cultural dynamic, one which wakes me up to a greater cause than myself or immediate family: So with this, I wish to thank you for all that you’ve written so far. You’ve helped assist me see through these dark times which human life seems to unleash. I look forward and welcome any response. Sincerely, G. S. AM: As children, we may potentially inherit the “shadows” of our parents, but as adults who dare to feel our truth and try to understand our feelings we can liberate ourselves from these shadows exactly by becoming conscious of them and rejecting them. If we no longer think that we must love a father who humiliated us, we become more and more free from his coldness, his cruelty, and his confusion. Then nobody can make us imitate him. I read also the article you made a link to. “Ergophrenia” may be a good name for describing the madness of a dangerous politician, but playing with diagnoses does not explain ANYTHING about the CAUSES of this madness. In my opinion, these causes are ALWAYS hidden in the endured but denied cruelty of a childhood story. Unfortunately, as the article clearly shows, not only the Buddhist but also the Jungian “spirituality” help to stay blind towards the cruelty raging in the “best” families. I think, however, that there is no other way of liberating ourselves from lies and confusion than becoming aware of our own suffering in childhood and by taking seriously the often tragic or even horrific reality of our fate. By denying this reality, as does the article of a well known psychiatrist, we must fear during our whole life things that actually did happen in our past but are not going to happen again, simply because we no longer are children. But all mad and ergophrenic dictators are driven by humiliations they endured as children without consciously remembering them but revenging them all the time on scapegoats.
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Thank You Thank you for signing up to my newsletter! I hope that you’ll find the information in it interesting and useful. If you have any suggestions to help me make my blog better, for example things you’d like to see on the site that aren’t here yet, please send me an email to Best wishes Andrzej Manka
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Interesting Facts About Lord Hanuman • 24 Jun 2019 • Tags: Hanuman is an ardent devotee of Sri Rama and is one of the central figures in the Hindu epic Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the various Puranas and some Jain texts. He is famously known for being involved in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. But do you know some of the little known facts about Lord Hanuman? Read on to find out more about this interesting deity... 1. How He was born When Lord Vishnu decided to incarnate on earth in the form of Rama, Lord Shiva professed his desire to serve him. Sati was not pleased with Shiva's decision because that meant they would be apart. Learning of Sati's concern, Shiva promised to send only a portion of him to earth so that he could fulfil both the purposes. Shiva decided to assume the form of a monkey, as it is able to live a simple lifestyle and is free of all bondages of caste and traditions. And so, He was born in the form of Hanuman, who served Lord Rama with utmost devotion. 2. His mother was cursed by a sage Lord Hanuman is the son of Anjana, a spirit of the clouds and winds, and the monkey king, Kesari. Anjana served in the celestial palace of Lord Brahma and was very self-centred and vain. Consumed by her arrogance, she enraged a sage, who in turn, cursed the divine beauty that her beautiful face would change into one that of a monkey the moment she falls in love. Lord Brahma took pity on Anjana and sent her to Earth where she fell in love with Kesari and married him. As a zealous devotee of Lord Shiva, she wished for Him to be born as her son. Shiva heard her prayers and granted her wish by incarnating as her son, Hanuman. 3. His parents did not name Him He was initially named Bajrang by his parents. When He was a child, He once found himself alone at home and hungry. Little Bajrang mistook the sun for a large fruit and flew towards it hungrily. It was also the day of the solar eclipse and Rahu was also heading towards the sun to engulf it. He became terrified when he saw the little monkey approaching the sun with tremendous speed and complaint to Indra who became furious and used his vajra (a weapon shaped as club) to hit Bajrang. The weapon hit Him on His jaw and He fell down on the earth unconscious. Brahma decided to step in and revive the little monkey but His face was left permanently disfigured from the impact of the vajra. In Sanskrit, 'Hanu' means jaw and 'man' means disfigured. And so He became known as Hanuman. 4. He fought Lord Rama and won Lord Rama was once asked by a sage named Vishwamithra to kill Yayathi. Sensing the imminent danger, Yayathi went to Hanuman for help, who in turn promised to help. He did not use any weapons in his battle but instead started chanting Rama's name in the battlefield. The arrows from Lord Rama's bow could not pierce Hanuman and He gave up trying to kill Hanuman. Vishwamithra relieved Rama of his word upon seeing the devotion and courage of Hanuman. 5. A Fish Conceived Hanuman's Son, Makar Dhwaja Hanuman's son, Makar Dhwaja, was born to a mighty fish of the same name. He was conceived when Hanuman had dipped into the sea to cool off his body and the fish drank his sweat. The fish was caught by Ravana's stepbrother, Ahiravana, who ruled Patal, the underworld. When Makar Dhwaja grew up, Ahiravana was impressed by His strength and virility and made the boy His soldier. Hanuman once lost in a duel with His son when He went to rescue Rama and Laxman whom Ahiravana had kidnapped. Hanuman would, however, later on kill Ahiravana and make Makar Dhwaja ruler of the underworld. 6. Jambavantha had to remind Hanuman of His powers Lord Hanuman was very naughty and mischievous as a child. He used to pester meditating hermits, who had taken refuge in the kingdom of his father, King Kesari. He made a sage so annoyed that He was cursed to forget about His powers until He was reminded about them. When Sita was kidnapped by Ravana, Jambavantha had to remind Hanuman of His enormous powers, so that He could search for her. 7. Lord Hanuman and Lord Bhima are brothers Bhima was also the son of Vayu (the Lord of the Winds). One day, when Bhima was searching for a flower his wife wanted, he saw a monkey sleeping with his tail across the pathway. He asked him to move his tail but the monkey didn't do it but instead asked Bhima to move it. Bhima was very proud of His strength but He couldn't move or lift the tail. He realised that this was not a mere ordinary monkey but none other than Hanuman who wanted to teach Bhima humility. Source: Speaking Tree India Photo Credit: Zee News, Latestly, ArtStation, Light on Vedic Astrology & Dolls of India Suggested Articles Yoga-Makes-An-Ordinary-Person-Extraordinary-SK-Durai Lifestyle • 22 Jan 2020 'Yoga Makes An Ordinary Person Extraordinary' - SK Durai SK Durai is a household name in the local yoga scene. SK-Durai-From-a-Wild-Youth-to-Renowned-Yoga-Instructor Lifestyle • 21 Jan 2020 SK Durai: From a 'Wild' Youth to Renowned Yoga Instructor It would not be wrong to say that SK Durai is sort of a 'brand name' in the local yoga scene. Benefits-of-Cooking-with-Clay-Pot Lifestyle • 19 Jan 2020 Benefits of Cooking with Clay Pot An old-fashioned way of cooking with the unglazed earthenware has made a comeback around the world because certain cookware materials react with heat or particular food which is harmful to health. Mount-Rajah-Get-to-Witness-the-Richness-of-Our-Flora One Step Higher • 17 Jan 2020 Mount Rajah – Get to Witness the Richness of Our Flora! Don’t miss the 5th episode of One Step higher this week on 13th Oct at 8:00 pm on Astro Vaanavil.  The-Immense-Benefits-Of-Raw-Milk-Fasting Lifestyle • 16 Jan 2020 The Immense Benefits Of Raw Milk Fasting Fasting is a common practice; one observed for religious purposes or simply to maintain a healthy diet.
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Individual Membership • This type of membership is for both UK passport holders and those that do not hold British passports. The membership fee is USD 50 per year in both cases and members receive invitations to all BBGL functions and events. Individual Members who are British passport holders can vote at the AGM, and those who are not British passport holders cannot vote. $50 USD per membership year Honorary Membership • No membership fee required • Invited to specific events only
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Road Racer ( 86.43%/338) Road Racer Road Racer is an online HTML5 game and 86.43% of 338 players like the game. Driving your car and exceed others is no longer only a dream, you can achieve your dream in this online racing game Road Racer! Your aim is easy, drive as fast as you can and avoid all the other cars. Call your friends and see who can create the highest score! have fun! How To Play Road Racer: up arrow to boost speed, left and right arrow to control. Tags: HTML5 Games - Avoid Games - Car Games - Running Games - Speed Games - Nitro Games - Crash Games
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Monday, April 25, 2011 Series 2000 #25 Ghost in the Mirror Goosebumps Series 2000 # 25 Ghost in the Mirror Brief Synopsis Jason is constantly being tormented by his older sister, Claudia. One time she tied a string to a dead rat and made Jason think it was alive (Claudia somehow thought she came out the winner on that prank). Another time she threw cooked spaghetti in between his sheets and he freaked out because he thought they were snakes. Snakes. Yes Jason, shoestring snakes, that's a perfectly logical conclusion to reach. She even torments him by mocking the fact that he still has to sleep in modified baby furnishings because his family can't afford to upgrade his bedroom set. This is just adding insult to injury, though, as suffering through Tiny Furniture is certainly punishment enough already. Several weeks later, Jason's parents surprise him with some new wares they picked up at a garage sale: A battered dresser with a couple jammed drawers and a large antique mirror. Jason admires the new additions but finds himself uncomfortably drawn to the mirror, despite possessing neither a digital camera nor a MySpace account. Somewhat inexplicably, Jason calls his friend Fred over to come see his new mirror and dresser. These new acquisitions lack much drawering power for Fred, even after Jason brags about how the mirror reflects the posters on his wall. What is the proper reaction from his friend supposed to be, exactly? "Holy shit, dude, you mean that mirror is a mirror?!" As though looking at second-hand furniture wasn't exciting enough, the book kicks it into high gear with a couple pages of the two boys playing a video game called "NBA Basketball." I guess there might be a way to make a long description of someone else playing a video game interesting, but we'll never know with lines like this: The crowd on the screen cheered. The score changed. For some reason, Fred wants to leave all this excitement and go home. On his way out, he mentions that he spied something weird moving in the mirror. On the floor in front of the glass, Jason spies a yellowed sheet of paper with a threat penned in "old-fashioned-looking, fancy writing." Calligrapher beware, you're in for a scare! Jason blames his sister, who denies having written the note, but uses the opportunity to trick him into seeing a ghost, which causes Jason to let out a cry and spill his Coke on the carpet. RL Stine apparently forgot what he was writing almost as fast as his readers, because in the next paragraph Jason's using a mop to clean up the spilled soda. The reader is tragically deprived of several pages of detailed cleaning, even though it would be about as or more exciting than the video game play by play which preceded. As disinterested as Jason's best friend is in the mirror, at least man's best friend gets something out of it: Jason finds his dog, Buzzy, barking at the mirror. A dog barking at a mirror is awarded an entire chapter. When the dog later starts growling and attacks Jason by trying to tear out his throat, we're given a couple paragraphs. Because that clearly is nowhere near as interesting as a video game about basketball. Or hockey. Fred and Jason are passing around the puck in their video game when Fred takes a break to look at himself in the mirror. That's when the two boys notice that the mirror is reflecting Buzzy, even though he's not in the room. So much excitement makes Jason thirsty, so he excuses himself from his room to grab a Coke to spill when he returns to find Fred has vanished. While looking around the house for his missing friend, his parents tell him they rented "an old Hitchcock movie," which is good, because renting a new one would be some feat. They assure him that it's a "scary" one, but Jason wisely opts out of watching Topaz. Jason checks back in his room again and hears something in his closet. Upon opening the door, a red-eyed creature leaps out at him, causing him to respond, "Oh no, not an esoteric representation of the impermeability of death in Thai culture!" Turns out it's just Sister Claudia Who Can Recall Her Past Halloween Costumes, as she has just slipped on a mask to spook the easily spookable Jason. Okay, in all fairness, if I'm already in an emotionally vulnerable state and someone jumps out of my closet at me, I'd probably spill the metaphorical Coke too. As he drifts off to sleep that night, Jason can hear the odd barks of his dog, locked up in the garage so as to prevent more throat-attacks/Coke-spillings. Jason is soon distracted by another noise though, that of Buzzy's whimpering, which is coming from inside the mirror. Despite being terrified, he does not spill any further Coke. Fred reappears at school the next day, only, like Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn before him, he's... different. His sports abilities go from Lane to Kobe Bryant and this newfound prowess leads Jason to jokingly suggest that he's "possessed." In an intense moment that nearly causes Jason to spill his Gatorade, Fred gets very exorcist-off and tells Jason to never say that. It's then Fred's turn to spill some choke, as he knocks Jason to the ground and begins attacking and pummeling his friend's face until his nose bloodies. That night, Jason is awoken by heavy breathing that appears to come from the mirror. Things take a turn for the What. as Jason spies a mysterious cloud-like figure emerging from the mirror. The being grabs Jason and tries to take him into the mirror or something. Jason passes out and wakes up on his bedroom floor. He then meets his ghost, who tells him that he just died of fright and should therefore come with him into the mirror. Before Jason can walk through the mirror, he's stopped by the bark of his dog Buzzy and the pleas of his friend Fred. Jason wises up and resists entering the now-black mirror. His ghost grows angry and tries to push him into the mirror. When that doesn't work, the ghost turns itself inside out and reveals, well, let's let Jason take this one: "You lied to me! You're not my ghost! You're a monster!" The book seriously turns into an acid trip at this point. The weird monster thing tries to drag the kid into the mirror and he resists as long as he can, grabbing a small hand mirror from within the dresser in the process. He throws the smaller mirror in front of the larger one while falling into the big mirror and suddenly the reflections of the reflections of the reflections (c'mon folks, you've seen a mirror before) multiply his monster threat from one to hundreds of monsters all primed to slaughter Jason. Jason backs away as quick as he can and falls back through the mirror again. This probably makes a lot more sense if you're on acid while reading, too. Jason watches for a little while as the monsters attack each other before hollering for his parents. Because horrible mirror creatures need more victims? His parents arrive and, wouldn't you know it, the monsters are nowhere to be found in the mirror. Jason proves that there were monsters in the mirror by walking into the mirror and injuring his shoulder as he bumps up against the solid glass. His parents chastise him for spilling the awoke. The next morning, Jason is shocked to discover that Buzzy has apparently burst out of his holding cell in the garage. Riding past Fred's house, he's even more shocked to spy that all of the windows on Fred's home have been shattered. And the rule of threes applies as Jason is finally shocked to discover Fred in the driveway, holding a large car over his head. There are people inside the car and Jason pleas with his friend to quit before he spills the folk. Getting nowhere, Jason speeds away from the scene as a cadre of cops arrive, guns drawn. That night at dinner, Jason pledges to go back inside the mirror one more time to rescue Fred and Buzzy, who he reasons are stuck inside the mirror. At no point during dinner does his family bring up the fact that his best friend was just swarmed by cops after literally holding up a family. Once in his room, Jason swiftly enters the mirrorworld and falls off a mirror cliff into a mirror hall where he meets up with Fred and Buzzy, neither mirrors. The three journey into a long mirrored corridor until they come upon the mirror that looks out into Jason's room. The two boys try breaking the mirror but have no luck. Jason gets out the magical small mirror from earlier and trains it on Fred, producing multiple Freds to push together on the mirror. This still doesn't work. In frustration, Jason trains the mirror on the mirror and it burns a hole large enough for the three to escape through. Once inside the "real" world, Fred quickly runs home, leaving Jason alone to face off against... Jason. Jason spills the croak on his doppelganger by pulling out his eyes. He then hurls a lamp at the mirror, shattering it into a thousand pieces. The whole family enters upon hearing the noise and Claudia chastises that Jason will get seven years bad luck for spilling the broke. But the Twist Is Jason's cleanup is interrupted by a snake-like creature who emerges from the dresser and spills the provoke by asking Jason if he got his warning note. the Platonic Boy-Girl Relationship Jason and his sister Claudia, who spills her joke halfway through Jason spilling his Coke. Questionable Parenting Jason's parents debate whether they should send Jason to a doctor for help with his delusions, but reason that since he doesn't have a fever, he must be fine. Questionable Frightening Early in the book, Claudia points to a closed window and shouts out a warning to Jason about hornets, to which he predictably freaks out. To be fair, maybe he though someone had brought a DVD copy of The Green Hornet into his room, which would certainly threaten the well-being of even the bravest among us. Late 90s Cultural References Jason has some sweet WWF posters on his wall-- it's eventually revealed to be the wrestling one, but for a while there I was having fun picturing this kid bragging about having some kick-ass panda pix up in his room. Out of Context Text Alert But I could hear the steady breaths at my side... "Hunnnnh... hunnnnh... hunnnnh..." I shut my eyes tightly, as if trying to shut out the terrifying sound. My hands suddenly felt cold and wet. I wiped them on my pajama bottoms. Chill after chill swept down my back. Memorable Cliffhanger Chapter Ending Ch. 12/13: We've traced the bark, it's coming from inside the mirror! Great Prose Alert "Did you watch the wrestling show on cable last night?" No one moved away or got married. Kind of a lame series finale. No need to spill the heartbroke: Thanks to a fan at Scholastic who wishes to remain anonymous for obvious reasons, Blogger Beware has a set of Horrorland books ready to go. See you next week, gang. squirrl said... Oh cool, I've read Let's Get Invisible! too. Anon e Mouse Jr. said... What, no retrospective on the Series 2000 books like you did for the original series? (Not that I'd blame you for wanting to forget them after all this.) Until next time... Anon e Mouse Jr. Happy_Evil_Dude said... Nice to have you back Troy. Don't forget to do a Series 2000 retrospective before movig on to the Horrorland series though ;-) David T. said... I'm gonna hold out hope for a Series 2000 retrospective - even if it's just a video of a book being thrown across a room. Groggy Dundee said... I was going to bitch about your apparently skipping over the retrospective but three other people beat me to it. On the other hand, given your general reaction to these books I'd understand if you didn't. Anyway, good entry as always. Revengeofevan said... Did the turning inside-out thing remind anyone of i live in your basement? Huh? Huh? Mission Inc said... I was going to yell happy days at seeing an entry so promisingly fast, until I actually read it and realized just how bored you must have been reading this book. I mean, seriously, from what you've written here, the last book in this junk series was apparently the most boring book in the world. I applaud your ability to make something so damn boring sound so hilarious, and in fact, I see an incredible return to form in this entry (not that I don't think you ever did lose your form in the first place). Indeed, I found a lot of parts in this entry very reminiscent of previous entries. Nostalgia rocks. Being able to make that nostalgia rocks harder. Thank you sir, and I definitely look forward to the Horror that is Horrorland. WeirdRaptor said... I'm so happy you're back, Troy! Going cold turkey on new updates was like torture, man. I love this blog! Dr. Hiroshi Fujiyama, PhD said... Reference to Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives earns you +1,000,000 points. Millie said... Do you really want Troy to do a retrospective of the whole 2000 series? No, really? Paigealicious! said... I want to marry you, Troy! Groggy Dundee said... "Do you really want Troy to do a retrospective of the whole 2000 series? No, really?" I realize it would be hard given that he only liked three or four of the books, but I'm a list-a-holic and can't subsist on individual reviews alone. Millie said... I wanted to make some lame joke about Troy doing a vomit-by-vomit account of this series, but ... no, it's not gonna work, is it? Spongey444 said... I'd make a joke about coke spilling, but i only enforce ONE coke meme, thank you very much. Anyway, so next week is revenge of the living dummy? YAY! Hate that shitty book Robin said... "...despite possessing neither a digital camera nor a MySpace account." I almost wonder why you didn't say Facebook instead. Isn't MySpace almost abandoned now? troy steele said... Should have said Makeout Club Groggy Dundee said... I just joined Twitter, and I have to say Stine's feed is a hoot. Groggy Dundee said... Strangely I do remember getting this book. We were at the mall and I begged and pleaded for my parents to get the book. I didn't know it was the last Series 2000 book but I really, really wanted it, possibly because the preview in Earth Geeks made it sound awesome. Then I got home, read it, and went the 6th grade equivalent of "What." My childhood might have died that day. Anonymous said... Ah, a return to form. This makes me happy. A Series 2000 retrospective doesn't seem that necessary, though I suppose reflecting would allow you to put off having to read Horrorland for a little bit. Anonymous said... And Troy just distilled this children's media gimmick convoke. Spongey444 said... i myself loved ghost of mirror for the so bad it's good factor So troy, is the haunted car still your fave 2000? DarkfireTaimatsu said... A new Blogger Beware entry always thrills my Coke. But seriously, fellows, this is no mere entry. This is where we see all of Series 2000 spill up in smoke. If there's no actual retrospective, I'd at least like a top two (or three?) of the best and worst, and perhaps a grand total number of puking scenes. Anyways, can't wait for HorrorLand. Finally, some entries I can read along with. I'm totally spilling my stoke. It's funny that mirrors are the last 2000 book, since they play such a big part in HorrorLand (spoilers?). HorrorLand proves that the piece of literary advice Stine took closest to heart was "Write what you know". Even if you've already published what you know. But I guess that's why Stine has never spilled his broke. Groggy Dundee said... Well, Stine needs scary material, and I assume he gets terrified every time he looks in the mirror. [/cheapshot] Zak said... How was there not a Freddy Vs Jason reference?! Frogster said... I loved this entry, laughed so hard. Can't wait for the HorrorLand entries now. troy steele said... I hope all my loyal followers realize that Morbidiculous' reference guide is also back, and is a very entertaining read in its own right Anonymous said... I don't think I ever got this one. It... sounds like I wasn't missing much? But whenever Stine introduces alternative worlds, whether through mirrors or some other device, that's generally the point at which he abandons all pretence of logic, except the logic that nothing actually creepy or indeed interesting is allowed to happen until halfway through the book in order to build the suspense. Also, someone at Scholastic actually gave you the HorrorLand books? That's high treason! I'm looking forward to seeing how you handle them. Groggy Dundee said... I'm pretty sure there was a Freddy vs. Jason reference, Zak. Groggy Dundee said... I read The Night of the Giant Everything today. I actually liked it a lot - some very interesting red herrings/plot twists and easily the dumbest application of "science" in literary history. Travis.C said... More books to review? Hells yes! lol. cowowlet said... First of all, in accord and concurrence with the Reference Guide comment above. DAS IST CORRECT. Somewhat relatedly: So I just noticed this line in this entry.. Well, my gloodness, you must've probably read this already, but just in case and for anyone who hasn't: (Also, contains the word "boomewrangle") Highly, hyrule-y recommended. Steph said... I loved the summary, surprisingly, until the anticlimatic twist ruined the scariness of the book... Anonymous said... Come on, Troy, there should be at least ONE good Series 2000 book, surely? What about The Haunted Car and Jekyll and Heidi? Nulono said... Hi. New here. What's with all the "spilled the X" lines? Unknown said... cool!! i read curse of the mummy's tomb, vampire breath , one day at horror land, how to kill a monster,deep trouble, welcome to dead house etc they are all sooo cool! Kick-Ass said... Well, guess, I should be grateful I only read a few of the Goosebumps and quickly jumped to the Fear Street series, lol >_< Rose said... Fantastic. I've never read this one, but my parents collected antique furniture and it would've actually terrified me as a kid (I had a Victorian mirror in my bedroom actually). I laughed so much at the spilled the jokes my neighbours have probably called the cops/hospital.
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Saturday, May 22, 2010 Saturday Word Play- Not Quite Antonyms This week we're trying our hands at really bad, not quite antonyms, and authors whose last names are, by and large, compound words. Confused yet? Here's the deal: I'll give you a list of book titles and you have to find the author's last names below. However, instead of giving them to you directly, I've broken their last names apart into their composite words, and tried to come as close as possible to the opposite of those words. Granted, some don't have true opposites, but you'll find that the words I've chosen are often connected in a "one or the other" sort of pairing. For instance, if you saw the title Consolation, you'd look below to find "Greenfield," and tell me that the author is (Michael) Redhill. Red-Green, Hill-Field. Got it? As always, feel free to do all ten at home but only answer one in the comment section. That way, 9 others will have a chance to play along. Animal Farm/ Island of the Blue Dolphins/ The Other Side of the Bridge/ The Poisonwood Bible/ the Reckoning/ Alice in Wonderland/ Satanic Verses/ The Call of Cthulhu/ The Amber Spyglass/ The Outlander 1. Evedaughter 2. Legweak 3. Queenriddler 4. Crimedaughter 5. Dawdlelive 6. Truckrock 7. Hateart 8. Norsick 9. Pushwoman 10. X'Apple Bybee said... X'Apple = O'Dell: Island of the Blue Dolphins raidergirl3 said... Crimedaughter= Lawson who wrote The Other Side of the Bridge that was cool gypsysmom said... #8 Norsick is Orwell as in the writer of Animal Farm. Good puzzle. Scribble A Day said... Hateart as the opposite of Lovecraft, the author of Call of Cthulhu. Someone beat me to Lawson, whose two books I happen to have a t home now for a re-read. I do wish she'd write some more. Lahni said... 3. The Poisonwood Bible by Kingsolver - Queenriddler Melwyk said... #6 Truckrock = Carroll for Alice in Wonderland. Fun challenge! (but why is my word verification "undead"? yikes) John Mutford said... Bybee: That'd be it. Raidergirl: Yes, that's her. I still haven't gotten around to that book though, even though I quite enjoyed her first novel. Gypsysmom: That's it, and thanks! SeDress: That's it, though my wife insists that "art" is no where near an opposite of "craft." And, yes, I agree that Lawson is well overdue for another book. Lahni: That's it. Melwyk: That's it. And yes, the zombies are at it again. Kate said... Coming in late with this one, but I was offline for the long weekend... #5 Dwadlelive = Rushdie (The Satanic Verses) I'll echo the others - great game!
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Django Documentation inheritanceInheritance is a concept from object-oriented databases. The Motorcycle class you created in the earlier part inherited from Object. Many modern languages, together with C++ and Java, provide a “protected” entry modifier that allows subclasses to access the info, without permitting any code outdoors the chain of inheritance to access it. For instance, in C# , the bottom technique or property can solely be overridden in a subclass whether it is marked with the digital, summary, or override modifier. But utilizing the superclass reference variable ( cal in this case) you can not name the method multiplication(), which belongs to the subclass My_Calculation. Classical inheritance is useful for this however prototypal inheritance is much more useful. JavaScript is a class-free, object-oriented language, and as such, it uses prototypal inheritance as an alternative of classical inheritance. You outline courses of objects, the place a category is a template for multiple objects with comparable features. Instances and objects are the same factor. That new methodology then hides the superclass’s methodology (see Determine 2.6). This provides a public methodology to the Operate.prototype, so all features get it by Class Augmentation. Then both public member and guarded members of the bottom class will change into protected in derived class. FacebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailRead More ‘Inheritance’ Investigates A Family Secret, With Self inheritancePhpDocumentor is capable of inheriting a considerable amount of info from elements in superclasses and tremendous-interfaces which have been overridden and within the case of courses and interfaces even from a superclass itself. Though single inheritance makes the connection between classes and the functionality these classes implement simple to understand and to design, it can be considerably restrictive-particularly, when you have got comparable habits that must be duplicated across totally different “branches” of the category hierarchy. For instance, it makes sense for font-family and color to be inherited, as that makes it simple for you to set a web site-vast base font by applying a font-family to the ingredient; you can then override the fonts on individual elements where wanted. Reusability: Inheritance helps the concept of reusability”, i.e. after we need to create a new class and there may be already a class that features some of the code that we would like, we will derive our new class from the present class. Before groups realized the onerous way that 2 or three layers was optimum number of layers balancing the benefit of code reuse in opposition to the complexity increase with every layer, it was not unusual to work on inheritance frameworks with 10 and as much as 30 layers. FacebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailRead More Inheritance (The Java Tutorials Learning The Java Language Interfaces And Inheritance) inheritanceMapped superclasses, simply as regular, non-mapped lessons, can appear in the middle of an in any other case mapped inheritance hierarchy (via Single Table Inheritance or Class Table Inheritance). Here you have created three instance variables: Two, make and shade, can comprise String objects (a string is the generic term for a sequence of characters; String, with a capital S, is a part of that standard class library talked about earlier). Word − A subclass inherits all the members (fields, methods, and nested lessons) from its superclass. By default, your Java classes have access to only the classes in (the bottom language bundle inside the java package deal). Single Inheritance: In single inheritance, a category is allowed to inherit from only one class. You’ll study more about class strategies in a while this week. Every subclass gets that frequent information from its superclass. Your class will mechanically get all the conduct defined in Button (and in Button’s superclasses), so all you need to fear about are the things that make your class completely different from Button itself. By implementing an interface, a class provides method implementations (definitions) for the tactic names outlined by the interface. For instance, the following C++ code establishes an specific inheritance relationship between courses B and A, the place B is each a subclass and a subtype of A, and can be used as an A wherever a B is specified (via a reference, a pointer or the thing itself). FacebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailRead More November 2012 inheritanceInheritance is a concept from object-oriented databases. JavaScript’s prototypal inheritance has extra expressive power than classical inheritance, as we’ll see presently. If we are doing Classical Inheritance, then we have to find the function in the mother or father’s prototype. The indentation used right here, with occasion variables and strategies indented from the category definition, is the type used throughout this book. We additionally correct the constructor area, and we add the uber technique to the prototype as effectively. It’s not unusual that a category is derived from another derived class as shown in the determine “Multilevel inheritance”. Java makes inheritance easier by being only singly inherited. If it isn’t defined within the object’s class, it seems in that class’s superclass, and so on up the chain till the tactic definition is found (see Determine 2.5). The place one class serves as a superclass (base class) for multiple sub class. I.e one sub class is inherited from multiple base courses. A class or an object can call methods in one other class or object to communicate adjustments within the surroundings or to ask that object to change its state. It is rather frequent to have a amount of objects all implementing exactly the identical strategies. Most the whole lot you do in a Java program might be with objects. FacebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailRead More Java Inheritance inheritanceInheritance might be outlined as the process the place one class acquires the properties (methods and fields) of one other. As a result of the precise type of the thing being referenced is understood before execution, early binding (also referred to as static dispatch ) can be utilized as a substitute of late binding (additionally known as dynamic dispatch ), which requires one or more virtual methodology table lookups depending on whether a number of inheritance or solely single inheritance are supported within the programming language that is getting used. What does it do when it is activated?) After you outline the Button class, you can then simply create situations of that button-that’s, button objects-that each one take on the fundamental options of the button as outlined by the class, however may have completely different appearances and conduct based on what you want that specific button to do. By making a Button class, you don’t have to keep rewriting the code for every individual button you need to use in your program, and you can reuse the Button class to create completely different kinds of buttons as you need them on this program and in different programs. If you wish to be sure, nonetheless, you possibly can consult the CSS Reference — every separate property page comprises a summary table including varied details about that ingredient, together with whether or not it’s inherited or not. The class A serves as a base class for the derived class B, which in flip serves as a base class for the derived class C. The category B is called intermediate base class as a result of it gives a link for the inheritance between A and C. The chain ABC is known as inheritance path. The Superclass reference variable can hold the subclass object, but using that variable you possibly can entry only the members of the superclass, so to access the members of each lessons it is recommended to at all times create reference variable to the subclass. FacebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailRead More
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Frequently Asked Questions For generality purpose, only english is used in this page. • Using the searching tool of your browser, search among the already posted questions and answers (if any!) may be you will find what you are looking for! • If NO, then Send us an email with a clear statement of your question. We will then publish the question and the answer (if any!!!). If you have the answer to a pending question, please send us. :?: Are all books in the public domain / Can I do whatever I want with them? No. You cannot do whatever you want even though most books are in the public domain. For further details clic the Copyright link on the left or this one . :?: What is the reading room? The “Reading room” is used to read online a page which comes from a PDF file. Those files are often heavy and they require a devoted software to be read. In the reading room your browser allows you to look immediately at a specific page. It also helps you to send a page link by email or via the forum. :?: The browser is frozen during download… Abort download. Then right clic the link to “Save as…”. :?: I cannot open the pdf file Be sure that you have a recent pdf-reader, such as Acrobat Reader, Kpdf or Foxit Reader. Other free pdf-readers are available from the web. :?: Several texts are superimposed. I see red annotations in the margin Use a more recent pdf reader that support layers. Acrobat reader does. :?: Some file dates seem to be strange Dates are given in the english format. One date is from the 'Pataphysics calendar. :?: How to know that a file has been updated? Old method: Look at the date indicated on the right of the file to be downloaded, compare with the creation date of the downloaded file on your hard disk, then conclude… New method: read the News (link in the left side menu). :?: What to do with an archive? Once the file is downloaded, open it: in most cases, your operating system knows what to do. If it does not know, look for a free “UnZip” tool on the web. You may try 7zip (free, windows) or Stuffit Expander (windows and Mac OS). When the archive is decompressed you will get a new file/folder that can be used as usual. :?: What's the difference between image and interpreted PDF files? The image file is the direct result of the scan. It is a group of images, one for each page of the book. The interpreted file got the text transformed from image to text, it has been “OCRized”. This transformation has several advantages: text is lighter than image, so the files are smaller; your PDF reader can zoom in the text with good quality. The drawback is that sometimes some characters are not properly recognized, we have to proofread the result… and some errors may remain. If you notice some, please tell us. And if you want to help us, see below, thanks :) :?: How to contribute? Read the explanations in your native language: English, Deutsch, Italian :?: How to correct errors in the files?
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CADDManager on February 17th, 2014 I ended the last series on Critical Conversations about CAD with some quick advice on what to do when you fail.  I wanted to revisit that topic and provide some additional comments on learning from failure. When failure happens you have to review how you got in that position.  How could things have gone so […] Related Posts with Thumbnails Continue reading about Learning from Failure
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20-foot Crab Scrape The Patuxent Small Craft Guild is building a modified Smith Island Crab Scrape as its winter project. This traditional Chesapeake workboat is found in the shallow waters off Tangier and Smith Islands, harvesting the soft shell blue crab. The open boat features a low freeboard, a broad beam, and a shallow V-bottom, characteristics suited to harvesting crabs using a crab scrape, a type of dredge. A sharply rising bow and a box transom help handle the bay’s choppy waters. Like the building of the typical crab scrape, Darlene, construction follows a traditional method of first establishing a framework that includes keel, chines, and bulkheads on an inverted structure.  Next, the sides and bottom are fixed to the frame. Crab Scrape Darlene at Smith Island CMM 3709 Model of full-size boat The hull form will retain the distinctive shape of the crab scrape.  However, the bottom and sides will not be planked but constructed of marine plywood. Second Model Showing Completed Hull Form Sometimes, boatbuilders make a model to help visualize the full-size boat.  In a departure from traditional crab scrapes, this version will have an electric motor for propulsion. The Process of Building a 20-foot Crab Scrape 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. 6 7. 7 8. 8 9. 9 10. 10 11. 11 12. 12 13. 13 14. 14 15. 15 16. 16 17. 17 18. 18 19. 19 20. 20 21. 21 22. 22 23. 23
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The day half the internet died November 22, 2016 | Uncategorized | By Media Admin | The recent DDoS attack marked an unprecedented level of cyberdisruption and highlighted major vulnerabilities in internet infrastructure. Last month's distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack on global domain name service provider Dyn Inc. marked an unprecedented level of cyberdisruption - raising both eyebrows and concerns about the current (and future) state of a world that's almost completely and utterly reliant on the internet. Among the more than 1,200 web domains affected by the outage were some of today's most popular sites, including Netflix, Twitter, Spotify and Reddit. It is still unclear who is behind the attacks. Some have been quick to suggest nation-state actors or a political conspiracy. Others - including the groups themselves - have given credit to well-known hacker groups New World and Anonymous. Although a definitive conclusion is yet to be reached, recent evidence links the attack to the hackerforum community and script kitties. Current DDoS attacks highlight vulnerability of internet infrastructure At least part of the DDoS attack was conducted using Mirai malware botnets. The source code for Mirai was publicly released earlier this year and has since been used in a number of recent DDoS attacks, including the one on KrebsOnSecurity, which hit a record for reaching a speed of about 620 Gbps. "DDoS attacks have increased 83% in the past quarter." Cybercriminals involved in DDoS attacks use botnets to flood an overwhelming amount of fake traffic to a network to cause either slowness or an outage. In this case, infiltrating Dyn's domain name server was basically like taking out the web's address book - causing it to shut down and rendering its domains unreachable. According to Dark Reading, between the first and second quarter of 2016 alone, DDoS attacks have increased by 83 percent. What makes this recent DDoS attack so noteworthy is the high-volume scale that was achieved. It didn't just knock one site offline for a short period of time. It crippled a major chunk of the internet for hours - multiple times in one day, compromising tens of millions of IP addresses across multiple regions. The calibrated sophistication of this event highlights a new level of threat and destruction made possible through botnets - especially those which exploit vulnerabilities in a wide range of smart devices, including phones, cameras and DVRs , or the Internet of Things. How to prevent DDoS attacks One of Chiron's security experts, Rich Moulton, recently explained to Fox45 that urgency for organizations to take preventative measures against DDoS attacks: "Just the fact that you have hardware with an internet connection means that they can use what you have to get what they want," Moulton said. "When they start acting funny, find out why. Don't just dismiss it, because it may be that your device is being used in an attack." In addition to preventing a cyber attack, it is imperative for businesses to also be prepared. The first wave of disruption that hit Dyn's DNS was resolved in about two hours, followed by a second round that was mitigated in about one. Although a third attack was attempted, it did not get to the point of impacting customers. As one of the internet's first responders, Dyn's quick incident response management played a critical role in minimizing damage and restoring the domains. In its statement, the DNS provider explained that it is regular practice for their operations and security teams to conduct training scenarios to make ensure they stay ready to for attack.
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The Commens Dictionary Quote from ‘Logic of Mathematics: An attempt to develop my categories from within’ … representation necessarily involves a genuine triad. For it involves a sign, or representamen, of some kind, outward or inward, mediating between an object and an interpreting thought. Now this is neither a matter of fact, since thought is general, nor is it a matter of law, since thought is living. 1896 [c.] CP 1.480 ‘Representamen’ (pub. 18.08.13-18:24). Quote in M. Bergman & S. Paavola (Eds.), The Commens Dictionary: Peirce's Terms in His Own Words. New Edition. Retrieved from Aug 18, 2013, 18:24 by Sami Paavola Last revised:  Jan 02, 2016, 15:50 by Mats Bergman
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Reading Advice – Regardless of where you obtain your information from, we would like to suggest a few words of caution that applies to nearly all walks of life. Whether it is creation science or evolutionary theory, stop and think about the information that you have been presented with. What is the writers bias? What evidence do they have? Could the evidence be interpreted in another way? Does the evidence match up to what we see today? Does what they say actually make sense? When Biblical quotations are used, are they in context? You should also to note that there are differences of opinion in the creationist camp, as well as differences of opinion in the evolutionary camp. Just as the Bereans in Acts 17:11 checked the scriptures everyday to see if what Paul had told them was true, we would ask that you do the same. There is no firmer ground to stand on than that of the truth.
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Ask a Humanist, Vol. 3: What About Death? (Part 3 of an ongoing, meandering stream of undefined scope.) It goes without saying that one of religion's major functions is to address the anxiety and fear that surrounds the concept of death, and to provide comfort for those who are facing death, as well as those who are left grieving after the death of a loved one.  The earliest archaeological evidence of religious thought is based on ritual treatment of the dead. Ritual burials signify not only an awareness of life and death, but also are strong indicators for belief in the afterlife. Of all the varieties of religious beliefs that have existed throughout history, very few were unconcerned with the promise of life after death.  After all, until very recently, with the advent of modern medicine, human life was fleeting. Death and religion have always been entwined. And, one would imagine, as long as religion exists, they will always be entwined. "I was dead for millions of years before I was born and it never inconvenienced me a bit." - Mark Twain For many of us who are not religious -- who are humanists, atheists, agnostics, and whatnot -- Twain hit the nail on the head. Death is simply the end of consciousness. We cannot remember anything about "life" before being born. That vast stretch of time prior to our birth existed without us. Why should we believe that the vast stretch of time following our death should be any different?  We have to stop and remind ourselves what comprises consciousness and the self.  Neither the self, nor consciousness, can carry on without our brains' billions of neurons and neuronal connections.  It is a fact that when we die, these neural processes stop. There is no evidence that any other secret metaphysical ingredient survives and is capable of simulating our organic brain, or carrying with it, like some celestial flash drive, the oceans of data stored in our gray matter. What do we mean when we speak of a soul? Jesse Bering, Director of the Institute of Cognition and Culture and a Reader in the School of History and Anthropology at Queen’s University, states in his paper, The folk psychology of souls: The soul is typically represented as the conscious personality of the decedent and the once animating force of the now inert physical form (Thalbourne 1996). Although there are many varieties of afterlife beliefs, each – at least implicitly – shares a dualistic view of the self as being initially contained in bodily mass and as exiting or taking temporary leave of the body at some point after the body’s expiration. Mountains of literature, essays, poetry, and scientific papers have been devoted to death, and its stowaway passenger, the soul. We as humans seem incapable of conjuring a scenario in which we simply cease to exist. Certainly, the reasoning goes, we must go somewhere when we die. The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno wrote: Try to fill your consciousness with the representation of no-consciousness, and you will see the impossibility of it. The effort to comprehend it causes the most tormenting dizziness. We cannot conceive of ourselves as not existing. It is not surprising that the concept of the soul evolved along with our self-awareness and our ability to understand our own mortality. However, despite the advancements in medicine and science, there has not been any evidence of the existence of a soul. As V. S. Ramachandran, brain scientist at the University of California, San Diego, put it, there may be soul in the sense of "the universal spirit of the cosmos," but the soul as we have come to know it, "an immaterial spirit that occupies individual brains and that only evolved in humans — all that is complete nonsense ... basically superstition." John F. Haught, a theologian at Georgetown University, has also written at length about the concept of the soul. He stated, "For many Americans the only way to preserve the discontinuity that’s implied in the notion of a soul, a distinct soul, is to deny evolution." Haught says this is unfortunate. Nancey Murphy, a philosopher at Fuller Theological Seminary and ordained minister in the Church of the Brethren, wrote of souls: "Evolutionary biology shows the transition from animal to human to be too gradual to make sense of the idea that we humans have souls while animals do not. All the human capacities once attributed to the mind or soul are now being fruitfully studied as brain processes — or, more accurately, I should say, processes involving the brain, the rest of the nervous system and other bodily systems, all interacting with the socio-cultural world." In essence, what Murphy, and a host of other biologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers are saying, is: Yes, the concept of the soul is nice, but we can't prove that it's any more than a concept. When a plant dies, its plant soul does not leave the husk behind and embark on an eternal life elsewhere.  It simply ceases to live. Why would it be any different for humans, who share a common ancestor with that plant?  We did not evolve a soul, we evolved the capacity to entertain the concept of the soul. Life is short, and it is difficult. Of course we want life to have a sequel, preferably a longer one -- and strictly feel-good, this time around. Neat concepts often develop into widespread beliefs (see: Noah's Ark, geocentrism, flat earth). Many of those beliefs seem silly to us now, but hindsight is 20/20. Until another explanation comes along which is obvious and is embraced by a majority of the population, those beliefs hang around. (For example, 16% of Americans believe people can cast curses or spells that cause harm to others.) But just because a concept is neat does not make it true.  It makes sense that humans developed and perpetuated a belief in souls and the afterlife.  Until the Bronze Age, the average lifespan was in the lower- to mid-20s. Life was difficult, short, and uncertain.  Without the modern understanding of the way the brain works, or which bodily systems produce our senses of self and awareness (or without an understanding of the laws of nature in general) it would not have been terribly far-fetched to believe that when a person lost their life, it went somewhere. It is a comforting thought, especially when we lose a loved one, and even more so when we lose them too soon. Which brings us to a question I hear often: "All of this sounds so cold and sad -- How do you find any comfort in it, and what do you tell your kids?" "I don't want to achieve immortality through my work, I want to achieve it through not dying." - Woody Allen I have written about the fact that, when I came to terms with my lack of religious belief, it was not without emotional impact. I would be lying to state that death doesn't bother me. As much as I accept the inevitability of death, it's not something I look forward to and hope to put off for as long as possible. But I have found that, in accepting that death is not a portal to some mysterious second chapter, I fear it less. I know that when I die, I will not miss life, for I won't feel or know anything -- just as it was before my life began. "Living in the secular world gives us freedom from the dogmas and superstitions of the past, but it does not eliminate the mystery and power of life's endings. When parents share those essentially human feelings with their children, they are engaged in the profound task of making meaning together, which is one of the great privileges of parenthood, or indeed of any human relationship." - Rev. Dr. Kendyl Gibbons In the book, Parenting Beyond Belief, Rev. Dr. Kendyl Gibbons writes with great wisdom and compassion about talking to children about death as secular parents. She states that "the particular challenge for secular parents is the absence of comforting answers supplied by doctrines and images from various faith traditions." Yet, she says, parents can equip their children with the necessary tools to understand death and accept it as a natural part of life, and to find meaning in their grief. Gibbons details "Five Affirmations in the Face of Death." They are as follows (Note: Gibbons elaborates on each affirmation in detail -- the below are simply my own very brief summaries of each): 1. Acknowledge the reality - Helping the child accept death's finality. They are trying to understand the way the world works. 2. Validate sadness - Acknowledging and sharing in the reality of powerful feelings. Our sorrow is a function and measure of our love for the deceased. 3. Acknowledge the unknown - Even adults cannot know what happens when we die, communicate our own ideas, but leave room for them to explore their own. Discuss what you, and others, may believe about death. 4. Celebrate individuality - Each person is unique and irreplaceable. Memories are precious. Celebrate them, celebrate the life that was lived. 5. Affirm the continuity of life - The universe remains dependable. Life goes on, and we have family, friends, love, nature, and all that we trusted can be trusted as before. The opportunity to share love is worth the pain of grief. Death is not an easy topic, at any time, for any age.  But I have found that, in dealing with death in terms that that are not draped in superstition and dogma, we can address death as a necessary aspect of the natural world.  We can avoid the metaphysical trappings associated with many religious views of death: reward, punishment, wrath, grace.  Certainly, we wish to teach our children about those concepts as they relate to the natural world at an appropriate time, but it is important to acknowledge and accept the death of their loved one without supernatural baggage.  Such concepts detract from acknowledging that dying is as natural, and as much a part off life, as is being born. "Everything has a natural explanation. The moon is not a god but a great rock and the sun a hot rock." - Anaxagorus, circa 475 BCE What about near-death experiences? What about 90 Minutes in Heaven? What about the boy who met Jesus? What about the guy who went to Hell? I will leave it to Mythbusters, and Skeptic Magazine to investigate some of those claims. But I will say that the great philosopher Anaxagoras, quoted above, was on to something way back then in 475 BCE. I will also say that we could all do well to invoke Occam's Razor when we hear such claims. Just because we can't understand something does not mean we need to accept the supernatural. As we make great strides in the relatively new field of neuroscience, we are learning more and more about the workings of the brain and the nervous system. A study by Lakhmir Chawla, an intensive care doctor at George Washington University medical center, adds to the growing body of evidence showing that near-death experiences (including sensations of leaving the body, visions of religious figures and loved ones, and the proverbial white light) may be caused by the cascade of electrical activity in the dying brain. Chalwa states, "We think the near-death experiences could be caused by a surge of electrical energy released as the brain runs out of oxygen. As blood flow slows down and oxygen levels fall, the brain cells fire one last electrical impulse. It starts in one part of the brain and spreads in a cascade and this may give people vivid mental sensations." Mental sensations that could be augmented by our vast store of mental images -- faces of deceased loved ones, religious figures, and other powerful memories. So, as Anaxagoras suggested, we are learning in this case that there may be a purely biological explanation for this once metaphysical phenomenon.  That's not to say that we must accept Dr. Chalwa's explanation as the truth, but such research reminds us that we still have much to learn about the power of the human brain. If we can dream such powerfully vivid dreams in times of health, it must be entirely possible to experience, during a surging fireworks display of electrical brain impulses associated with trauma, the vivid and fantastical narratives and imagery associated with the above near-death experiences. The most important thing to me, as a secular parent, is to constantly be aware (and make my children aware) of our place in the vast timeline of history. We're only a tiny blip. The timeline is insanely long. And only within the last sliver of time have we begun to understand that the earth is round, that germs cause disease, that we share common ancestors with all living things (many still don't accept this). It's okay to not know everything. It's okay that some things will remain mysteries until that blip on the timeline has moved on a bit.  We should be suspicious of extraordinary claims for which there is no evidence. We have to be satisfied with what we do know. Rev. Dr. Gibbons, in her essay mentioned above, states: "For a secular person, the question is not 'Why did a universe designed for our benefit have to include death?' but 'Isn't it amazing that we have the matter of the world arranged in such a way that we find ourselves with this incredible opportunity for consciousness?' What is surprising is not that our awareness must cease to be at some point in the unknown future, but that it has arisen now in the first place. That we are able to think and feel, to learn things and to love people, is a gift. It might just as easily not have happened.  This gift of life is as arbitrary as the fact of mortality: both came about without consulting us. these are the terms on which we are here, and they are not negotiable." I imagine that, to a religious person used to the doctrine of eternal life, the above might lack the comfort and reassurance afforded by religion. Nobody said non-belief was any easier. Having viewed life and death through both lenses, I can say that death is difficult no matter how you look at it.  At the end of the day, what is important is that, regardless of our beliefs, we find a way to come to peace with our mortality. Ask a Humanist 1. Heard it put this way once: Build a house of legos. There is the house, it exists. Now, disassemble the house. Where did the house go? All the pieces are there, but the house does not exist. "You" are the house. 2. Or as they said on South Park - remember what it was like before you were born? Just like that.
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So, as I may have mentioned before- there are ways to dress that flatter a um, robust, gal like myself. And then there are ways that don't. I love today's outfit with all my heart and soul, but it really does break all the rules. Take this baggy WHITE sweater. Let's be honest, the potential is there for me to look like the marshmallow ghost from Ghostbusters. There is nothing even pretending to give me the illusion of a waist here. Plus I am a dirty girl who didn't get to wash her hair this morning so back it goes into a tight ponytail which does nothing for my uber broad shoulders but does give me a nice fake facelift feeling. Then I put on my most favorite (yes I know that's wrong laz, don't care), least well fitting pair of shorts (leather, of course) AND if that wasn't bad enough I broke the line of my legs by putting on matching black leather ankle crossing sandals. They look amazing with my bright pink toes but they do nothing good for the line of my leg (see nude shoes.)  I'm basically asking to look like a Mr. Potato Head. So why don't I? Ahhh, here's the lesson for today. Sometimes you need to break all the rules to follow the number one rule of dressing well, which is to be yourself. My legs are my best feature. Always have been, always will be. The color-blocking and the "book-ending with black leather" immediately draw the eye to them making me look slender even though my top half resembles a comfy marshmallow.  Feels like one too (sigh) Also, I think the pure love I have for my leather shorts just radiates, making me look better in my outfit. The result made my boyfriend nod his head and say "wow" when he saw me, so I'm feeling pretty good about a little rule breaking this morning. When it comes to the ponytail, I gave it a little extra lift with a teasing comb (bigger the hair, closer to god, amen) and I put on a little extra eyeliner to draw attention away from my broad shoulders and up to my face.
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The Nature of Fire Understanding Fire Every day, Americans experience the horror of fire. However, most people don't understand fire. Only when we know the true nature of fire can we prepare ourselves and our families. Each year, more than 4,000 Americans die and approximately 20,000 are injured in fires, many of which could be prevented. Fire is Fast There is little time! In less than 30 seconds, a small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire. It only takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house. In minutes, a house can be engulfed in flames. Most fires occur in the home when people are asleep. If you wake up to a fire, you won't have time to grab valuables, because fire spreads too quickly, and the smoke is too thick. There is only time to escape. Fire is Hot Fire is Dark Fire is Deadly Smoke and toxic gases kill more people than flames do. Fire uses up the oxygen you need and produces smoke and poisonous gases that kill. Breathing even small amounts of smoke and toxic gases can make you drowsy, disoriented, and short of breath. The odorless, colorless fumes can lull you into a deep sleep before the flames reach your door. You may not wake up in time to escape. Fire Safety Tips Escape First Smoke Alarms Having a working smoke alarm dramatically increases your chances of surviving a fire. Remember to practice a home escape plan frequently with your family.