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"I am a Bear of Very Little Brain, and long words Bother Me"
A. A. Milne
- A speech by Jon Skeet, Fl Adrian House, submitted as an entry for the Hooper Declamation Prize.
In writing the phrase, "I am a Bear of Very Little Brain, and long words Bother Me," 1 feel A. A. Milne summed up his whole world view as seen through the ideas of Pooh Bear. However, only in the context of the rest of his slightly paranoid but nonetheless beautiful parody of our world does it achieve its full potency.
Many take this to be just a rather sweet little line for Pooh to say whilst visiting Owl - in fact, it bears the weight of Milne's view of the world and its intellectual class struggles. This is by no means the first of his references to this struggle, but it carries the most impact.
I shall outline for you what I believe Milne's view of society to be, and hopefully it will become obvious that Pooh's line is at the crux of an intricate web of intellectual one-upmanship.
The first glimpse we have of this web happens even before the first chapter of Winnie the Pooh, in the introduction. Milne says that although "can't take Pooh to school without everybody knowing it", "Piglet is so small that he slips into a pocket, where it is very comforting to feel him when you are not quite sure whether twice seven is twelve or twenty-two." I think this may in fact be accidental, for by putting it under his own name and not as said by a character, he is already taking the attitude at he ridicules and fights against throughout the two Pooh books.
However, in the very same paragraph, he states that "[Piglet]... has got more education than Pooh, but Pooh doesn't mind. Some have brains, and some haven't, he says, and there it is," emphasising the lack of importance of intellect to Pooh. So, straight away we have a contradiction between Milne's patronising nature and his wish for an end to intellectual bigotry. Perhaps Milne's aim in writing these books was to confront his own prejudice, as consistently the narrative highlights such behaviour in a discouraging way, but Christopher Robin is almost the most patronising of all the inhabitants of the Hundred Acre Wood. Milne clearly puts himself in the part of Christopher Robin, at least during the main narrative sections, as the sole human, and often the only character interested in actually learning as opposed to merely demonstrating knowledge.
The characters are introduced to us fairly gradually in "Winnie-The-Pooh", possibly so we can fully realise what each is meant to represent before the next is brought onto the stage, as it were. Obviously, the first animal we meet is Pooh himself, who, along with Piglet, is very easy to understand. Pooh and Piglet form a pair, and represent the working class masses who take little or no pleasure from thinking. Indeed, the very phrase "I am a Bear of Very Little Brain" underlines this - and, I believe, Milne's idea of the inferiority complex that he perceives the working class as having. They are constantly confused by any writing, and both Owl and Rabbit (on whom I shall elaborate later) often treat them with disdain. Milne seems to go to any length to display their stupidity : Pooh following his own footprints, and Piglet thinking Pooh is a Heffalump form the basis for two whole chapters. However, the narrative itself is never unkind, only the characters. Eeyore, Owl, and Rabbit chide Pooh the most, although I personally find no offence in Eeyore's scoldings as firstly he has more justification, due to his greater intelligence, and secondly he is miserable with everyone for most of the time, irrespective of their education.
Christopher Robin comes out with variations on "Silly old Bear" any number of times, but usually qualifies it with a statement of how fond he is of Pooh. Indeed, at one stage Pooh becomes quite dejected, proclaiming that "I have been Foolish and Deluded... and I am a Bear of No Brain at All," and Christopher Robin retorts that he is the best bear in all the world. However, I find Christopher Robin's attitude condescending in general, and he never denies Pooh's claims of stupidity.
Rabbit, one of the more complicated characters, is introduced in the second chapter, when Pooh visits him and becomes stuck in his entrance after eating too much. This chapter not only shows Rabbit for what he really is, but is an absolute stroke of genius which could have saved millions from misery had they only taken its lesson to heart.
Rabbit is clearly meant to represent the politicians of this world. He is permanently busy, he lies in his very first words to Pooh, and throughout the books he is the natural leader out of the animals - if Christopher Robin isn't involved, but a plan is required, it is Rabbit who is usually in charge. This chapter gives us a gentle introduction to him, but also predicts an event perhaps sixty years ahead of its time. Wells predicted the laser, amongst other things, and Verne's visions have also been uncannily accurate in several cases, but I think it is a mark of Milne's genius that he was able to predict mass overspending on credit and its effects, demonstrating it with a simple homily in the world of the Hundred Acre Wood.
To remind you of the chapter, Pooh visited Rabbit, and ate the honey and condensed milk that Rabbit offered him. This is, I believe, the equivalent of the government encouraging increased spending, without considering the possible problems of families living on credit and counting the cost too late. In Pooh's case, "too late" came when he tried to leave, and found he was too plump to get out. Despite being pushed and pulled, he couldn't budge - just as families in debt find they can't get out of the credit hole they dig for themselves. Pooh just had to stay there without eating, whilst Christopher Robin read stories to him. Rabbit himself was very little help, and ended up using Pooh's legs as a towel-horse, much as the government will still try to squeeze whatever taxes it can out of those living in poverty. Fortunately, this story has a happier end than real life, and after only a week, Pooh manages to extricate himself (with a little help from his friends and Rabbit's relations) and live a normal life again. If only the real world were so kind.
We are introduced to both Eeyore and Owl in the next chapter, which is a touching irony when one realises the quite opposite ideas they represent. At the start of the chapter, Pooh comes across Eeyore thinking quietly to himself, as usual. Pooh spots that Eeyore's tail is missing, and decides to do his best to find it. Here Eeyore reveals his nature in two speeches : when Pooh tells Eeyore of his tail's mysterious absence, Eeyore says, "Someone must have taken it. How Like Them." A couple of paragraphs later, when Pooh has pledged himself to find the tail, he says, "Thank you, Pooh. You're a real friend. Not Like Some." Taken with the other hints given about Eeyore, we now have enough evidence to suppose that Eeyore in fact represents the concept of Truth. He is wise, quiet (for truth rarely if ever advertises itself - to access it, one must be patient, humble, and ready to listen), and, unfortunately, sad. I cannot help but feel that Milne must have taken a fairly dim view of the world. Whether through frustration at his attitudes so hateful to himself, or possibly his ideas about what a grind the world is for everyone both high and low, he comes through as being depressed at the state of living in his time, despite the general gaiety of life in the Hundred Acre Wood.
Pooh, in his blissful idealism thinks that if anyone knows where Eeyore's tail is, it'll be Owl. He goes to visit Owl, and here we catch a glimpse of Owl's character before we even meet him - we learn that Owl "wise though he was in many ways, able to read and write and spell his own name (WOL), [ ... ] somehow went all to pieces over delicate words like MEASLES and BUTTEREDTOAST [sic]". However, it is a good job that we are told that by the narrative, as Owl himself would never deign to admit defeat when it comes to writing. Indeed, in another chapter, he misspells "A Happy Birthday" and lies to Pooh by saying it says "A Very Happy Birthday with love from Pooh". Predictably enough, what he actually writes is garbage... although whether he realises this himself could be argued both ways. When we meet Owl, we find he is an intellectual snob of the first order. He reels off long words (which, one presumes, he knows will Bother Pooh) and our amiable Bear gently nods off. On waking, he is shown Owl's bell-rope, which, unsurprisingly, is Eeyore's long lost tail. By now we have already, and regrettably, realised Owl's place in Milne's world. Much as it saddens me to say it, I believe Owl is Milne's perception of how his academic superiors were at our very own beloved College. I suspect he thought himself superior to them, as he was still learning whereas he viewed their knowledge as limited, stale, and dwindling. It is not until we reach the climax of the story, however, that we realise quite how bitterly Milne feels about them. Owl explains that he didn't realise it was Eeyore's tail, and that it "came off in his hand". Here we see Milne's idea that teachers take Truth wherever they can find it, in incomplete sections, from possibly immoral sources, and often without realising it. They parade it under false pretences, all for the benefit of their own image. Of course, it is Milne, in the guise of Christopher Robin, who puts Eeyore's tail back. I cannot fully express my sadness at the unfortunate state of Milne's obviously highly gifted mind - had he more willingly accepted the ideas from his mentors how much greater could he have been?
My theory about the subtext within Milne's work was, after the first six chapters of "Winnie-the-Pooh", that the whole book was simply a comment on intellectual prejudice. However, when I carefully read chapter seven, "In which Kanga and Baby Roo come to the Forest, and Piglet has a bath," I discovered that Milne was expanding his initial attacks to any kind of bigotry. From the first line in the chapter, which reads, "Nobody seemed to know where they came from, but there they were in the Forest: Kanga and Baby Roo," it is clear that racial tension is the next issue he is tackling. Rabbit emphasises the point: "[ ... ] we wake up one morning, and what do we find? We find a Strange Animal among us." Of course, to mirror the racism in the real world, the animals of the forest plan to drive Kanga and Roo out as soon as they can, by any means necessary - Rabbit's plan involves the kidnap of Roo. Of course, Kanga turns out not to be a Strange Animal after all - she is a devoted mother, who is intelligent and has a good sense of humour. As I have already mentioned, the narrative appears to have no prejudices, and attempts to show that this is the correct attitude to have.
After the first episode involving Kanga and Roo, Milne seems to lose interest in racial affairs. When Tigger comes to the forest, in "The House at Pooh Corner", Pooh is initially wary but after less than a page is quite happy to sleep in the same room as him. In fact, in this, the second book about Pooh, there are far fewer statements about the way Milne views the world. As most of his insights are fairly pessimistic about life in general, perhaps this is a sign of his having been of a cheerier disposition whilst writing about the further adventures of Pooh. Indeed, as opposed to the plethora of negative, almost angry emotions we feel coming through the subtext of "Winnie-the-Pooh", "The House at Pooh Corner" seems to contain far more humour about life, and where it is sad about the state of things, it feels more like nostalgia than bitterness. Maybe Milne had learnt that although money can't buy you happiness, a best-selling book can bring one satisfaction. Hopefully he had been able to put behind him the sadness that Trinity seemed to have unfortunately bestowed on him, and was now not so paranoid about the educational ratrace.
Only four points come to mind from "The House at Pooh Corner." The first is about the nature of Tigger. When I was considerably younger than I am now, which is to say somewhere between being old enough to listen but too young to read - my old and battered copy of "The House at Pooh Corner" has an inscription on it saying, "One of these days you'll be old enough to read this yourself!" - Tigger was always my favourite animal. He was full of vitality, and seemed more brightly coloured to me than any of the other characters. Perhaps I shouldn't be too surprised to discover that Tigger, to me at least, represents mass entertainment and humour. He is the "Fantasy Football League" of the Forest. Always having silly ideas, he makes a fool not only of himself, but of those around him. When he climbs a tree, he preys on the innocence and ignorance of young Roo, who never appears to realise either the danger of his predicament or his foolishness for trusting Tigger in the first place. There are any number of ways we can interpret this tale: perhaps it represents gambling, maybe drugs, or possibly the ever more extravagant rumours of the popular press, taking the general public further and further up the tree of scandal. Only Milne knew for sure, but I think the lesson holds, however we may view it.
The second event of importance is when we learn of Christopher Robin's education. I think it is best put in Milne's dialogue between Eeyore and Piglet:
"Do you know what A means, little Piglet?"
"No, Eeyore, I don't."
And later, from Eeyore...
"What does Christopher Robin do in the mornings? He learns. He becomes Educated."
This, together with Christopher Robin's improved spelling, demonstrates that Milne believes the hard work involved in real learning, to be the true mark of a healthy mind and not just knowledge without understanding.
The third incident involves Tigger, and is of great importance in reinforcing Milne's ideas of how misleading entertainment may be. A small matter in the Forest's eyes, Tigger's bouncing Eeyore into the river takes on a whole new perspective when we remember Eeyore's place in things as Truth. Clearly it is reflective of our shunning of reality, and needing to escape into a fantasy world for recreation.
The final point I draw from "The House at Pooh Corner" always fills me with a certain nostalgia and wistfulness for my real childhood. Again, the first few lines of the final chapter in the book sum up what is to come: "Christopher Robin was going away. Nobody knew why he was going; nobody knew where he was going; indeed nobody even knew why he knew that Christopher Robin was going away." I suspect everyone here has had that feeling - either about their friends, themselves, or possibly their own children, and it is a sad feeling. Childhood can never be recovered, and although the book ends ostensibly cheerily, I always feel the picture on the final page, with Pooh and Christopher Robin skipping into the distance, is a lie, trying to hide the loss of innocence and wonder. I miss my childhood - I miss being able to read charming books such as these without seeing metaphors everywhere, whether intended or not.
I will finish with a short dialogue which I believe to be the most touchingly funny little section of the whole Pooh history. It occurs at the end of the first book, and Pooh and Piglet are walking home together.
Return To Papers And Speeches
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Birdhouse Works As a Dog Bark Deterrent
Bark Deterrent Disguised as Birdhouse: Brilliant or Baffling?
Aww, feeding birds is so sweet, right? Well, perhaps if this was an actual house meant for fluttery friends. Instead this
Ultrasonic Barking Dog Deterrent ($70), can be hung on any tree and emits a "harmless ultrasonic tone, inaudible to humans, that startles the animal into silence." No birds here, it's for the dogs.
Now as someone who's been kept awake by (someone else's dog) barking, I get it. Barking is annoying. However, this doesn't strike me as a solution for a pet owner, it seems like something for a neighbor who hates barking but doesn't want to be confrontational. What's your opinion about this cleverly masked product?
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How Long Does It Take a Plastic Bottle to Biodegrade?
Pin It
Plastic bottles are everywhere: from water bottles, to soda bottles, and even to reusable bottles, every year there are more and more of them filling up the landfills. We know that they’re not immediately biodegradable, but how long does it take for a plastic bottle to really biodegrade?
Different kinds of plastic can degrade at different times, but the average time for a plastic bottle to completely degrade is at least 450 years. It can even take some bottles 1000 years to biodegrade! That’s a long time for even the smallest bottle. 90% of bottles aren’t even recycled. Makes you think twice about that water or soda, right? Bottles made with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE) will never biodegrade.
And there are even more reasons to lay off the plastic bottles: about 1.5 million barrels of oil are used every year to make the bottles, and even more oil is burned transporting them. Most of the time, the water inside the bottles has more contaminants than regular old tap water, meaning you could be drinking some serious problems. The EPA has more strict standards on tap water than the FDA does for bottled water, which is something to think about when you’re thirsty! And those reusable bottles? Make sure you’re not a collector, because those will never biodegrade.
Do you use a reusable water bottle? Like us on Facebook and tell us!
1. Ethan Thorpe says:
thank you this really helped with my school work. But the question is why DO people litter. I cant remember the last time I littered
2. Hamisi Tsama Mkuzi says:
Has really helped me a lot… cool information
Hamisi Tsama Mkuzi
Bsc Environmental Science (pwani university)
3. jamie arnold says:
My question is, what is the process of biodegrade… does a coke bottle look like a coke bottle in 1000 years or is it some kind of different substance?
4. Karleigh says:
I am a recycler of PET. We make fibre and rPET from the plastic bottles we collect – in a nutshell.
If we could get the community to recycle more – take the “90% of PET” (different stats in different countries) out of the waste stream and send it to recyclers for reuse, this would eliminate it sitting on the dump, right?
Glass bottles take an average of 1 million years to biodegrade (i.e. never), Paper 2-5 months, Cotton 6 months, tetra pak 5 years, tin cans 50-100 years, so why not use PET and recycle it into the correct waste stream for reuse?
Whats left to do? RECYCLE!!!
If people were forced to recycle, we would have NO PROBLEM with PET filling landfills!! Right?
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Utility Menu
Powder/Bulk Solids
The Source for Dry Processing and Bulk Handling Technology
Five-Deck Tumbling Machine
January 24, 2011
Minox-Elcan Industries Inc., Mamaroneck, NY 800-283-5226 www.minox-elcan.com
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Journalists talk about their own door-knocking experiences
That story won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009 for feature writing.
The best tip may be to put down the camera and the mic, if you work with those tools, said Poynter’s Al Tompkins, who wrote about the Houston TV station’s memo, and knock without filming. But he understands why broadcasters knock and film.
“It’s web gold,” he said, “no question.”
There’s also no question that going to people helps tell the story, Tompkins said.
“Just putting your eyes on the scene gives you some information,” he said.
On Twitter, the response was pretty strong — you have to knock on doors to get stories, and yes, sometimes it can be scary (and involve pitchforks.) Here’s what we heard from journalists on their door-knocking days.
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Publisher: DC COMICS
(W) Scott Gross, Frank Strom (A) Scott Gross & Various (CA) Scott Gross
Much has been made of the famed magician and escape artist Harry Houdini, but less is known of his diminutive waterfowl understudy, The Great Houducky. This is his story. It's also a Daffy tale of derring-do, escape and adventure!
Item Code: JUN130280
In Shops: 8/7/2013
SRP: $2.99
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Adsense Referral Program
Looks like I was wrong with my last post – apologies – but even more exciting than that is that Adsense have just launched a referal program. Now you can refer new publishers to adsense and earn $100 when they get to their first $100 of earnings.
There are a variety of buttons to choose from (no text links) to promote the referral program. Here’s some:
Note that these are not live buttons – it would be against Adsense TOS to include more than one such button per page.
There’s also apparently a referral program for US publishers for dowload of firefox with the Google Adsense toolbar which pays $1 per download. I don’t see the option for this in my Adsense package of course as an Aussie publisher.
I’m not sure if I’ll really heavily promote this program – I don’ t know too many publishers who haven’t already registered for Adsense. I suspect YPN will have a similar program which would be much more lucrative in terms of how many possible sign ups could be generated.
About Darren Rowse
Genesis Framework
1. Ignat says:
Great, another double edge sword from Google.
1. Sweeet 100 bucks.
2. It can take for ever to get it…..
So Google is obviously trying to regain/re-establish its role in online advertising. But hey, you get 10 people to earn first $100. that’s a $1000 in your pocket. I just wish buttons were customizable. They just look too ugly.
2. Fintan says:
You don’t have readers who are the correct demographic for such ads.
The sites these will do best on is the ‘make your own website’ ones, etc.
3. Migs says:
Or for “Make Lots of Money With Google!!” sites. Instead of selling ebooks which are just summaries of stuff you can pick up around here for free, publish your tips and hope they sign up with you as their referrer.
4. Fintan and Migs, I can envision a lot of dubious ‘make your own website’ or “Make Lots of Money With Google!!” sites cropping up. Getting people to sign up will probably be the easy part, but how many of those people will make it to the $100 mark. I wonder if this will usher in a new market where the referrals are nurtured in a community or one-on-one with the referrer.
Ok, nevermind. I read through the new AdSense terms and conditions.
“You shall not promote or facilitate a Referral Event by any means other than displaying a Referral Button on the Site, unless expressly authorized in writing by Google (including by electronic mail).”
I wonder where the line is drawn in promoting or facilitating a Referral Event.
5. Anthony says:
This is ridiculously late, I have already referred all possible clients and friends to Adsense years ago when it first started. At least 40-50 people in total. Way to go G!
6. Are there any publishers left that haven’t heard of the Adsense program? It seems to me that anyone not already using them is in that boat because their sites don’t qualify.
Oh well, I guess Google is after those last few stragglers and wants our help to find them.
Good luck!
7. Fintan says:
Bad luck, Anthony!
MFAS, if that is the case, this refer programme is pretty much a dud. It’s just a case of Google throwing their cash about, probably in response to Chitika.
8. It certainly looks like this is in direct response to competitors like Chitika.
And, believe me, there are plenty of people that haven’t heard of Adsense.
Problem is, I doubt if a lot of sites will actually generate $100.
It seems like Google want to get more people on board, but don’t want to pay for it.
They can afford it, so why are they being so tight?!!!.
9. jon says:
Look, I just want to learn how to earn cash using adsense! Problem is that I just don’t know how to build a website with all those adsense links! Also, how is it that certain people has “a lock” on generating hundreds of dollars using adsense?
Please let me know….
10. jon:
“Look, I just want to learn how to earn cash using adsense!”
So, I can assume you just wandered upon ProBlogger. For starters you should go through some of Darren’s old posts. For example,
Then if you need some specific advice, you should really join up at a popular webmaster forum such as DigitalPoint, SitePoint, or Webmaster World.
11. escante says:
Well i think it nice to get a 100 dollers but it going to take a long time
12. Dave says:
I think the key factor here is the length of time it is likely to take for someone running a webiste who has never heard of Adsense to generate $100.
There may be some very good sites out there that have not taken up the use of advertising to generate income, but I can’t imagine there are that many, and for every good site out there earning $100+ in a reasonable time, there are tens of thousands of sites who make virtually nothing from adsense over the same period of time.
I’d love to refer a dozen people to adsense who could then earn $100+ in a month or two, but its unlikely.
I’ve added a referral button to my sites, I’ll see if anyone takes it up.
And whats with the none-transparent png’s they are using, nearly as bad as chitikas…..
13. ChrisH says:
What’s the product? Can a blog sell a product which the blog is not about? eg will a digital camera ad work on a blog about sheep?
Will a blog about politics have any success with Google or Chitika referrals?
What I’m getting at, is if your blog doesn’t draw readers who want to learn about blogging, you won’t make much money from these referral programs.
Now that said, if you’re blogging you probably know something about blogging, so why not have a category on your site for blogging tips? And maybe only have the referrals appear on those pages.
14. Bulsh-te! I need referal buttons but for advertisers, not for publishers!!! PIty that Google is not providing referal program for advertisers – for all publishers!
15. escante says:
Cool. Google is the best.
16. Edocten says:
What if you get a referral who’s earnings increase every month?
Month 1 = $100
Month 2 = $300
Month 3 = $450 e.t.c
What happens in this case? Does google pay just $100 ONCE or $100 for every month that your referral has reached $100 or a total amount of say $300 as in Month 2 that your referral has earned that month?
And why don’t they give a direct referral link like other affiliate programs?
Google is somewhat vague in their referral program’s explanation.
Any ideas?
17. Darren Rowse says:
they pay $100 when the publisher you refer hits $100 and then nothing else. I’ts a one off payment.
18. Edocten says:
That sucks! You’d think with all that money Google’s making, at the very least, they’d have the decency to award their publishers with something a little more substantial like say a 2 or 3 tier program but noooo…..
100 bucks? Please!
Enough whining!
Later fellows ;)
19. nick says:
i am not getting adsense program refferal button in my google account .
1. [...] I’ve been pondering the Adsense decision to get into the referral business this morning since hearing the news. There are a number of questions and directions that my mind has taken with it. Bear with me as I think out loud for a few minutes: [...]
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Web PM
Arrested For Reading The Constitution
Paul Joseph Watson
Prison Planet
Tuesday, October 2, 2007
Watch the video.
(Article continues below)
A common theme of the event was that U.S. troops in Iraq were there to "protect the freedom" of the Iraqi people, but this freedom didn't seem to apply to the group of American citizens that decided to use their first amendment right of free speech to voice their dissent.
Five members of Code Pink were arrested, one for reading the Constitution, as police refused to say what the charges were and refused to answer any questions while demonstrators were hauled into paddy wagons.
The events echo similar incidents across the pond in Britain, where a woman was questioned by police and entered into the anti-terror database for reading a mainstream newspaper that had an anti-war headline.
In October 2005, another woman was arrested and convicted for reading out names of British soldiers killed in Iraq at central London's Cenotaph.
Much to the chagrin of Neo-Con trolls who attempted to skew the events seen in the video by claiming the Code Pink group were heckling parents of slain U.S. soldiers, one of the five arrested was an Iraq veteran herself.
"Screw you, anonymous coward. I served my country honorably and proudly - and with my head, not my knees. Dissent is patriotic. If you want to work for a king, go flip burgers," retorted one individual in response to Neo-Cons who tried to justify the arrests on Internet messageboards.
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Protocol Online logo
Suppression Subtractive Hybridization for methylation study - (Mar/16/2005 )
when i read journals about SSH on differentially methylated sequences between two pools of dna, all of them use a marker called "haeII-digested phiX174 DNA marker. Why is this marker so special ? Can I use a normal DNA marker instead, like GENERULER 1kb DNA marker? THanks
u could use other marker. to my limted knowledge, phi174/HaeII marker
was used just as they have used it as one control in mock exp.
Nothing else special .
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The Photo-Realism Challenge: Physics
June 5, 2013
physics formula
Physics! Uhn! What is it good for? Absolutely . . . er, quite a lot, actually.
Physics in games is one of those strange things that you don’t notice until it stops working right. Example: in older games, where physics processing was not a big deal, no matter how an enemy was shot, he fell with the same pre-canned animation. This is actually more realistic than modern games; people do not fly backwards when shot like in the movies. But the point is, the animation was not dynamic, resulting in a death animation that did not look right.
dead mario
Yeah, I’m not buying it.
This brings us to a subject I don’t think I’ve covered in these articles before: what does “photo-realism” actually mean? First, what it does NOT mean: photo-realism does not mean looking outside (or down a corridor or whathaveyou) and your game looking identical. That would just be realism. “Photo-realism” is looking like a photo (or video) of the world around us. That means that post-processing effects, like light bloom, which occur in photography but not in real life, are a part of photo-realism. Since video is involved, elements like motion blur are a big part of photo-realism. Likewise, movie physics, although unrealistic, are a part of photo-realism. When they get shot, people fly backwards. It’s what we expect.
Sorry, real life just doesn’t look like this!
Enter physics! A simple definition of physics is the description of matter moving through space. This gets incredibly complicated, as you have to consider fluid dynamics, dynamic clothing, ragdoll physics, volumetric smoke, and so on. As a result, PC physics engines have grown incredibly complex in their physics calculations, and I’ll try to (briefly!) give a history of video game physics (if I gloss over your favorite physics engine, sorry!).
Ooh, I can’t wait to see what happens!
The earliest 3D games, like Doom or Wolfenstein 3D, had no physics (I know, they were ray casted, but it doesn’t much matter here). The enemies were sprites, and when shot, a pre-made animation caused them to fall when shot. There were no fluid dynamics, wind effects, volumetric smoke, or the like. When the earliest proper 3D games came out, the first proper physics implementation was collision detection. Collision detection determined two things: 1) were actors or players running into each other? And 2) did a bullet hit an actor or player? The solution was to create a sort of box (called a “hit box”) around the models. If the space of the bullet/ first actor interfered with the hit box of another actor, then action took place, and was resolved.
More robust models of physics were developed (ragdoll physics was especially popular—dead enemies actually fell like dead people fall!), but the biggest revolution occurred in 2000 when the Havok Physics middleware was released. It was a risk—middleware that only did physics?—but it has paid off in dividends, looking at the impressive portfolio of titles that Havok has powered.
Kids these days don’t know it, but this was hot stuff back in the day!
The next big step forward in physics came from an unknown company named Ageia. Havok worked (and still works) entirely via software through the CPU. Ageia, however, had the idea of creating physics co-processor (called the PhysX add-on card) to offload physics processing, improving both CPU performance and physics performance. It worked wonderfully, but the industry adoption was lackluster—not enough people owned Ageia PhysX PPUs to attract developers, and there weren’t enough games to spur sales. Fortunately, Nvidia, who were working on their GPGPU initiative, purchased Ageia. Instead of using a special physics processing unit, physics is handled in CUDA cores. The result is that the gamer gets the same unparalleled physics performance as they did with Ageia, with less hardware to buy.
Yes, accelerated physics really does make a huge difference.
This was not great news for AMD owners, however, and like AMD’s TruForm tessellation, PhysX adoption has been spotty. Havok had announced a GPGPU physics solution, but since its acquisition by Intel, the status of Havok FX is unclear. Still, it is clear that through increased parallelization of processor cores, physics simulations should continue to improve, and that is a game that everyone wins.
In closing, this article makes me want to get physical, physical.
Happy gaming!
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96548
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absolutism. System where the rulers have unlimited control.
anarchism. Society without government, laws, police or other authority. System of self-control.
aristocracy. The privilege of social class whose members possess disproportionately large percentage of society's wealth, prestige and political influence.
autocracy. Supreme political power is in the hands of one person whose decision are unregulated..
capitalism. Right-wing political system where the principle means of production and distribution are in private hands.
communism. Extreme left-wing ideology based on the revolutionary socialist teachings of Marx. Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to their capability and receive according to their needs.
conservatism. Governmental system where the existing institution are maintained, emphasizing free-enterprise and minimal governmental intervention.
democracy. Government by the people usually through elected representatives.
dictatorship. Government by a single person with absolute control over the resources of the state.
egalitaranism. Belief where all citizens have equal rights and privileges.
fascism. Extreme right-wing ideology where the existing social order is protected by the forcible suppression of the working class.
imperialism. The extension of power and rule beyond established geographical boundaries.
liberalism. Representative government, free-speech, abolition of class privilege and state protection of the individual.
Marxism. Developed by Marx and Engles, it proposes that all is subject to change and resistance to change necessitates the overthrow of the system through class struggle.
Maoism. Interpretation of Marxist communism emphasizing the development of agriculture.
Monarchy. A form of rule in which the head of state is a King or Queen.
nationalism. The unification of the state and release from foreign rule.
oligarchy. A system of government in which virtually all power is held a small number of wealthy people who shape policy to benefit themselves.
populism. Collective noun for the ideologies which demand the redistribution of political power and economic leadership to the 'common people'.
socialism. Left-wing political system where the principle means of production, distribution and exchange are in common ownership.
theocracy. Rule by the church.
totalitarianism. Government control of all activities.
Trotskyism. Form of Marxism incorporating the concept of permanent revolution.
liberty. The freedom of speech and the right to dissent.
equality. A classless society with the redistribution of wealth through a welfare state.
fraternity. The communal brotherhood, working and living as one.
authority. The preservation of order through an evolved authority.
hierarchy. The continuation of the existing social order.
property. The right to private ownership.
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Top 10 Best Spike Jonze Directed Music Videos Anything
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Top 10 Best Spike Jonze Directed Music Videos
Spike Jonze is one of the most visionary directors out there with movies like Being John Malkovich under his belt as well as his much anticipated Where the Wild Things Are adaptation. But before that he was the king of music videos so I present the top 10 greatest Spike Jonze Directed Videos
Check out more lists like Gran Torino Movie Quotes, The Elephant Man Movie Quotes, The Sting Movie QuotesQuotes from the Movie Her Greatest Movies Directed by Spike Jonze
1. Tip: Navigate with your left and right arrow keys
Easily my all-time favorite music video, Bjork's simple song shows us that the whole world can be a musical with just a little bit of imagination. The video is so fitting to the song that it's hard to listen to the song and not see the images created from it and I suppose that's the whole point of Music Videos (and one of the reasons that I guess video kicked the radio star as they say)
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The Best Water Filters For 2014
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The Best Filters To Remove Fluoride From Water
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In A Nutshell The best way to remove fluoride from tap water is to use a filter containing Brimac (or bone char) – these filters will consistently remove 90% of fluoride from water. Another good option is use a Propur drip filters — these drip filters make use of AquaMetix a new propertiary carbon-based filtration […]
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Binchotan Charcoal: An Inexpensive Way To Mineralize and Filter Water
Binchotan Pitcher - Water Filter
In A Nutshell White charcoal or Binchō-tan is a charcoal that loves adsorbing things. Binchotan, which has been produced in Japan for centuries, naturally adsorbs toxins such as chlorine, lead, mercury, cadmium and copper from tap water. It also releases useful minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphates. To use Binchotan, you simply place a […]
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The Best Shower Filter Of 2014
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96587
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Ask a doctor
I Have Pigmented Scars and Some Texture Scar on Face. What is Best Trestment?
Doctor Answers (1)
Pigmented and textured scars on face
Your best option is to have your skin properly and closely assessed by a skin expert, a dermatologist. There may be various treatment options, likely a resurfacing fractionated laser like ProFractional laser. Other options might include microdermabrasion or dermabrasion, and chemical peels. Some medicated creams may even be helpful for some of the pigment or a pigment targetting laser like intense pulse light or broad band light.
Toronto Dermatologic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 19 reviews
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96601
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Shanghai-bound passengers spend 2 days in Alaska
United spokesman Charles Hobart says Flight 857 diverted to Anchorage when several lavatories were found to be inoperable about three hours after Sunday's 2 p.m. departure.
Passengers tell the Anchorage Daily News ( ) they sat on the ground until 8 p.m. before being allowed to deplane.
Hobart says United will be "fully refunding everyone's tickets."
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96604
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[–]Shagnasty1313 39 points40 points
I think this explains why.
[–]eukomos 18 points19 points
Yeah, but his costumes are more flamboyant than most. Have you seen what he's wearing around this year? IDK how they got him into the country, I hope he has bodyguards.
[–]Shagnasty1313 28 points29 points
I just typed gay figure skater into google.
[–]eukomos 16 points17 points
And got what you asked for. He probably puts that on his business cards. Then backs them in black leather and bedazzles them.
[–]bachrock37 5 points6 points
Well, he is openly homosexual.
[–]thetruegmon 6 points7 points
I just typed figure skater into google.
[–]XenoRat -4 points-3 points
As a woman, I wish guys dressed up like that more often...
[–]Shagnasty1313 6 points7 points
I noticed you did not say "I would like to bang more guys dressed like that."
[–]Seraphus 5 points6 points
If it'd get them laid they would. It won't though.
[–]fieroturbo -1 points0 points
What.... what is that?
[–]Mercarcher 1 point2 points
Johnny Wier. He actually is SUPER MEGA GAY. Hes not the norm though.
[–]fieroturbo 0 points1 point
I was mostly referring to the outfit, but at least now I know what a Johnny Wier is.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96605
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[–]Saber_Toof -1 points0 points
I believe we're missing a valid point here, shitty writing.
Reading the 'Catcher in the Rye' was like reading a shitty reality TV series script.
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Latest Coronal loop Stories
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2013-07-09 15:10:08
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2012-07-23 16:10:30
A light bulb-shaped eruption leaps from the Sun and blasts into space in this archival image from the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, SOHO. SOHO captured the scene on 27 February 2000, watching as a large filament rose from the Sun´s broiling atmosphere and evolved into the coronal mass ejection loop seen here. A coronal mass ejection — or CME — is a huge cloud of magnetised plasma ejected from the Sun´s atmosphere — the corona — and...
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2012-07-04 04:12:19
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Word of the Day
This comes from the Russian word for 'bachelors.'
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96621
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bound charge
Electric charge
Electric charge is a characteristic of some subatomic particles. It is quantized in that, when expressed in units of the so-called elementary charge e, it takes integer or fractional values. Electrons by convention have a charge of −1, while protons have the opposite charge of +1. Quarks have a fractional charge of − or +. The antiparticle equivalents of these (positrons, antiprotons, and antiquarks, respectively) have the opposite charge. There are other charged particles. The discrete nature of electric charge was proposed by Michael Faraday in his electrolysis experiments, and then directly demonstrated by Robert Millikan in his oil-drop experiment.
In general, same-sign charged particles repel one another, while different-sign charged particles attract. This is expressed quantitatively in Coulomb's law, which states that the magnitude of the electrostatic repelling force between two particles is proportional to the product of their charges and the inverse square of the distance between them.
The electric charge of a macroscopic object is the sum of the electric charges of its constituent particles. Often, the net electric charge is zero, because it is favorable for the number of electrons in every atom to equal the number of protons (or, more generally, for the number of anions, or negatively charged atoms, in every molecule to equal the number of cations, or positively charged atoms). When the net electric charge is non-zero and motionless, one has the phenomenon known as static electricity. Even when the net charge is zero, it can be distributed non-uniformly (e.g., due to an external electric field, or due to molecular motion), in which case the material is said to be polarized. The charge due to the polarization is known as bound charge, while the excess charge brought from outside is called free charge. The motion of charged particles (e.g., of electrons in metals) in a particular direction is known as electric current.
The SI unit of quantity of electric charge is the coulomb, which is equivalent to about (the charge on a single electron or proton). Hence, the charge of an electron is approximately . The coulomb is defined as the quantity of charge that has passed through the cross-section of an electrical conductor carrying one ampere within one second. The symbol Q is often used to denote a quantity of electricity or charge. The quantity of electric charge can be directly measured with an electrometer, or indirectly measured with a ballistic galvanometer.
Electrification by friction
Experiment I
If a second piece of glass be rubbed with a second piece of resin, and if the piece be then separated and suspended in the neighbourhood of the former pieces of glass and resin, it may be observed:
1) that the two pieces of glass repel each other.
2) that each piece of glass attracts each piece of resin.
3) that the two pieces of resin repel each other.
These phenomena of attraction and repulsion are called Electrical phenomena and the bodies which exhibit them are said to be 'electrified', or to be 'charged with electricity'.
The electrical properties of the two pieces of glass are similar to each other but opposite to those of the two pieces of resin: the glass attracts what the resin repels and repels what the resin attracts.
Conservation of charge
- frac{d}{dt} int_V rho, mathrm{d}V = int_S mathbf{J} cdot mathrm{d}mathbf{S} = int J S costheta = I.
I = -frac{dQ}{dt}.
The charge transferred between time t_o and t is obtained by integrating both sides:
Q = int_{t_o}^{t_f} I, mathrm{d}t
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96646
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Using Air Miles Cash
I’ve been an avid Air Miles collector for over a decade now (really, who hasn’t?), and I’ve reached Gold Status each of the past three years. I used to diligently redeem my Air Miles reward miles for Shell gas gift certificates.
Back in March, 2012, Air Miles introduced its Air Miles Cash feature along with Dream Rewards, where you could still redeem your miles for things like travel, merchandise and gift cards.
Related: How To Earn More Air Miles Rewards
By default, collectors only earned miles in their Dream Rewards account unless they went to the website and manually changed their allocation preferences. You had the option to allocate any new Air Miles earned toward your Cash balance or your Dream balance.
Using Air Miles Cash
When the Air Miles program changed last year, they made it clear that their gift card options would disappear over time as they wanted collectors to use the Air Miles Cash feature.
Although the gas gift certificate option were no longer available, I continued to allocate 100% of my Air Miles toward the Dream Rewards balance while I contemplated redeeming them for a flight or other merchandise.
Related: Air Miles New Expiry Policy
Recently, a PR firm contacted me to see if I wanted to give Air Miles Cash a try. They offered to send me $250 worth of Air Miles so I could test out the program and blog about my experience.
So I went to the Air Miles website and reset my preferences to 100% Air Miles Cash. Note – you can change your preferences at anytime by clicking on the Cash Rewards home.
Once I had the balance deposited into my account, it was time to go shopping!
Redeeming Air Miles Cash
When your Cash balance reaches 95 Air Miles, you can redeem them for $10 off your bill at participating sponsors when you swipe your Air Miles card at check-out.
Folks in Central and Eastern Canada have better options than those of us located out West. The only locations where you can use Air Miles Cash in BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba are at Shell gas stations and Rona stores.
Here in Lethbridge, Alberta, most of the Shell locations have yet to install the Air Miles Cash redemption terminals, which was disappointing.
Air Miles Cash sponsors:
Shell X X X X X X X X X X
Rona X X X X X X X X X X
Reno Depot X
Jean Coutu X X X
Metro X
Rexall X
Sobeys X X X
Foodland X X X X
Lawtons Drugs X X X X
So off I went to Rona Lethbridge to try out the Air Miles Cash feature. I’ve been doing a lot of work in the yard lately and I needed a lawn trimmer/edger, so I picked up this awesome lithium battery powered edge trimmer for $120.
I went to the cash register and saw each checkout was clearly marked with Air Miles Cash signage. I asked the cashier how it works and so she scanned my Air Miles card and told me I had $120 worth of Air Miles that I could put toward the purchase, leaving me with just a few bucks to pay in taxes.
And that was it; no fuss! She just scanned the item, scanned the card, punched in the amount I wanted to redeem (remember, you can only redeem your points in $10 increments), and it was done.
Pros and Cons of Air Miles Cash
What I don’t like about Air Miles Cash is the lack of sponsors. In a perfect world, every retailer who offers the chance to earn Air Miles would also give you the chance to redeem them in-store through Air Miles Cash.
Related: Should You Take Bonus Air Miles Or A Percentage Off Your Grocery Bill?
Sadly, the options in Western Canada are very limited at this time. At least, east of Manitoba, you can use Air Miles Cash at a grocery store, drug store, gas station and home renovation store. I’d love the opportunity to use Air Miles Cash for groceries at Safeway or Sobeys.
I also don’t like the fact that Air Miles increased the number of reward miles you need to redeem for gas and groceries. Used to be, I could redeem 175 Air Miles for a $20 gas gift certificate. Now, it takes 190 Air Miles to get $20 off at the pump.
What I liked the most about Air Miles Cash is that it’s instantaneous. No more waiting 4-6 weeks for a gift certificate to arrive in the mail. Once your account hits the 95 Air Miles threshold, you’re good to redeem them for $10 savings.
I also liked that there’s no hassle to redeem them at the checkout. I was expecting the cashier to give me that deer in the headlights stare, but it was clear that the sponsor (at least Rona), takes the program seriously. I also asked the cashier if she gets many customers coming in and using Air Miles Cash and she said it’s starting to pick up steam.
Have you activated your Air Miles Cash feature? What’s holding you back?
2 Responses to Using Air Miles Cash
1. Air Miles is really good just to have in your wallet, especially for using at Shell and Rona who often have competitive prices.
I’m glad redeeming is easy, earning is pretty simple: 1 mile = 10.5 cents
2. It’s nice that it’s so simple to use. But it sucks that they raised their redemption levels. I remember when it took 90 Air Miles to redeem toward a $10 gift card for and I thought it was pretty sneaky of Air Miles to change it.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96653
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South American Herb "Huacatay"
Answered by: Conrad Richter
Question from: Alyssa G. Simpson
Posted on: January 16, 2006
I’m curious to know whether you can help us figure out the common English name for an herb.
My husband is from Peru, and cooks there, especially in the Andes, use an herb called "huacatay" that is quite distinctive and adds a really delicious undertone to certain sauces. It has been described to me as being "related to" a marigold (I think it actually may be a type of marigold). We’d like to grow some for use in our cooking, because we’ve never seen it sold fresh or dried in markets around here.
Might you have any idea what variety of marigold or other plant this is? If not, do you have a suggestion about which marigold variety might make a good substitute? It’s used to flavor savory dishes, frequently in creamy sauces, and sometimes in soups. Thanks for sharing your expertise.
According to Gernot Katzer’s "Spice Pages" ( "huacatey" is indeed a type of marigold. It is what we call in our catalogue "mexican marigold". The botanical name is Tagetes minuta.
There are several species of marigolds used in Peru for flavouring. The best known as the anise-scented varieties such as Tagetes lucida, which we also carry. You can find all of the herbal marigolds online at
Back to Culinary Herbs and Their Uses | Q & A Index
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The use of cookies on
A cookie is a data file which is saved on your computer that collects data about your use of the website. Below you will find a description of what uses cookies for and instructions on how to manage cookies.
Cookies on
On cookies are mainly used for web analytics with the purpose of optimising the users experience on the website. Information is collected to track traffic patterns and customer characteristics, to collect information on visitor behaviour and preferences and to report aggregate information for internal statistics for the purpose of optimising our Internet based services.
No cookies or information collected through the use of cookies is being sold to a third party. We do not make any attempt to find out the identities of those visiting our website. We will not associate any data gathered from this site with any personally identifying information from any source. If we do want to collect personally identifiable information through our website, we will be up front about this. You can disable storage of cookies in your own Internet browser at any time.
What is a cookie?
A cookie is a data file which a website stores on your computer in order to recognise your computer the next time you visit the website. Cookies are sent back and forth between your browser and a webserver and contain information about e.g.
• If a user is logged into the website
• How the user is using the website
• What the user searched for on the website
A cookie is a passive file and cannot spread virus or other harmful programs like spyware and malware on your computer. Their primary function on is to help in analysing how the website is being used in order for the website administrator to enhance the user experience. In some instances a cookie can be necessary in order to deliver a service on the website.
Cookies are often deleted automatically from the browser when the browser is being closed (so-called session cookies). Cookies can also be set with a certain expiration time so that data will exist in a shorter or longer time (persistent cookies). Persistent cookies are often saved on the hard disk. is using both session and persistent cookies as both are necessary for different pattern tracking purposes.
Additionally there is often a distinction between first part cookies and third part cookies. First part cookies are set by the web page that the user is visiting. Third part cookies are set by a third party who has an element that is embedded into the page that the user is visiting. is using both first part and third part cookies.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96688
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Readers searching for a compelling short fantasy story with a touch of romance should look no further than Carrie Vaughn's short story "The Nymph's Child." This e-read is currently hosted for free at Fantasy Magazine.
Vaughn has made a name for herself with her long-running urban fantasy series about heroine Kitty Norville — most recently featured in the anthology Kitty's Greatest Hits. However, "The Nymph's Child" reads much more like the author's April release, After the Golden Age. While there aren't superheroes in this story, "The Nymph's Child" certainly has several unexpected heroes.
The short story introduces readers to a pair of pirates, The Nymph's Captain Alan and First Mate Gregory, who are strung up in a dungeon for their crimes. When Alan reveals to the magistrate that Gregory is actually a woman named Grace and that she is pregnant with their child, Grace is granted mercy — despite her desire to die with the rest of the crew. The story picks up sixteen years later when Grace is unexpectedly reunited with the only other surviving member of the crew. But will Grace reveal the secrets of The Nymph that she thought would go with her to the grave?
This free e-read showcases the author's skill at bringing characters and worlds to life with just a few well-placed words. Grace and her daughter Kate positively leap off the page, and readers will mourn for the brave Captain Alan, cut down in his prime. The settings are equally vibrant. In passages about life on a ship or in the small coastal town where Grace makes her home, readers will be able to hear the sea's crashing and brisk wind as it weaves through the story's background.
However, it is truly Vaughn's stunning use of flashbacks that will make "The Nymph's Child" a memorable read. The author twists the tale in ways that are completely unexpected. And although much of the tale's action happens in the past, the danger and mystery are created so seamlessly that readers will feel real fear — even for the characters that they know survive.
Ready to be swept away into a great adventure? Read the short story "The Nymph's Child" here for free.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96722
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Jamie Jambo
Jamie Jambo at Sandy Balls Holiday Park
This show has lots of Amazing Juggling, Mystifying Magic, Crazy unicyling (space permitting), Plate spinning, lots of laughter, audience participation and an endless amount of silliness guaranteed!
Entertainment may be subject to change.
Associated Venue
The Forest Table
Additional Information
Children's activities
Explore Sandy Balls
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96781
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x64? My Terminal Servers Run Just Fine With 32 Bits and 8/12/16 GB RAM!
Helge Klein, 05/25/2008 | 8 Comments | 36,714 Views
A recent discussion with a colleague brought this topic to my attention which I have not discussed in detail in my series on Windows x64:
Memory scalability of 32-bit Terminal Servers
Many people seem to think that on 32-bit Windows only specially adapted applications can access memory above 4 GB. Since such applications are rare that would effectively mean that putting more than 4 GB RAM into a terminal server is a waste of resources.
Luckily, things are different. To understand why, we must take a look at the x86 processor architecture.
32-bit processes can, of course, only address 4 GB RAM because 2^32 equals 4 GB. But this limit can, like many other restrictions, be overcome with tricks. In this case the "trick" is called Address Windowing Extensions (AWE), a Windows API that allows 32-bit applications to access more physical memory than they have virtual address space. With AWE, memory above the 4 GB "barrier" can be accessed by mapping portions of it into the space below 4 GB. By moving this mapped slice around, a practically unlimited amount of memory can be accessed.
Now this moving around business may sound easy, nevertheless applications need to actively do it if they need more than 2 GB of memory (remember, half of each process's virtual address space is reserved for the kernel). This is typically the case for large databases.
On terminal servers the situation is entirely different. Here we typically have many concurrently running processes each using less than 2 GB RAM. And here comes the good news: using more than 4 GB RAM is a no-brainer and requires no changes whatsoever to your applications. So how does it work?
Windows can be booted with the /PAE option. PAE makes the kernel use 4 additional address lines which are built into (nearly) every CPU since the Pentium Pro. Modern CPUs have 36 instead of 32 address lines and support a maximum of 64 GB RAM (with PAE enabled).
But how can a traditional 32-bit application that can only count to 2^32 and that knows nothing of AWE access such "high" memory?
Easy: all the hard work is done by the operating system. Remember that each application has its private virtual address space that always ranges from 0x00000000 to 0xFFFFFFFF. But programs cannot simply access any address in that range. Doing so would result in the well-known general protection fault. Instead applications must request memory from the OS. The OS then chooses the appropriate amount of free pages (RAM is managed in units of pages with a size of 4 KB each). Finally the pages are mapped from physical RAM into the virtual memory of the requesting process.
By virtualizing the address space of processes, it has become irrelevant to applications where a page actually is located. It could have been moved to disk (to the page file, of course) to make room for other process's demands. Or it could reside in the area above 4 GB. Since applications only work with virtual addresses in the 32-bit range they need not be modified as long as they use less than 2 GB of memory.
With PAE, multiple 32-bit processes without AWE support can still only use 2 GB each. But it is perfectly possible to have 20 applications on a terminal server that each need 300 MB RAM if the machine is equipped with 8 GB (leaving room for the kernel and OS). This is because the map from virtual to physical memory is different for every process.
Drivers, again.
Drivers often access physical memory directly. Badly written drivers use only 32-bit pointers and are thus not able to count higher than to 4 GB. That is the reason why Windows XP and Vista only support 4 GB RAM. Microsoft feared, bad drivers for consumer hardware would cause too many crashes on systems with more than 4 GB of memory.
And money.
Windows Server 2003 and 2008 support more than 4 GB RAM only in the Enterprise Editions. Those are significantly more expensive than the Standard Editions which are most often used for terminal servers.
Terminal Server Farm Scalability
In total, there are three options to scale your terminal server farm:
• Use PAE and install more than 4 GB RAM per server (requires Enterprise Edition of Windows)
• Install more than 4 GB RAM and reinstall every Server with Windows x64
• Add more servers to the farm
Each of these options has its own little problems and drawbacks. But that is a topic for another article.
Side notes
Did you know that PAE is very likely enabled on the system you are currently working on? Every Windows since XP XP2 enables PAE if the CPU supports the no-execute (NX) feature because NX relies on PAE.
32-bit terminal servers will only scale up (by adding more RAM) if the system is not kernel memory constrained. See my earlier article on kernel memory limitations for details.
From Microsoft KB article #283037:
"To summarize, PAE is a function of the Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 memory managers that provides more physical memory to a program that requests memory. The program is not aware that any of the memory that it uses resides in the range greater than 4 GB, just as a program is not aware that the memory it has requested is actually in the page file."
"AWE is an API set that enables programs to reserve large chunks of memory. The reserved memory is non-pageable and is only accessible to that program."
8 responses for "x64? My Terminal Servers Run Just Fine With 32 Bits and 8/12/16 GB RAM!"
[...] databases need more
[...] databases need more than 2 GB of virtual memory. If you have such an application, consider using /PAE or, even better, moving to an x64 [...]
Hello, what about the size
what about the size of the pagefile, if you use a 32 bit enterprise system with e.g. 8 GB RAM installed?
Should it be also 1,5 times of physical RAM?
Or is 4 GB the max. range in this case?
Thank you for your reply.
Best regards
Sizing the page file would
Sizing the page file would warrant an article of its own, but the short answer is: with PAE enabled there is no 4 GB barrier. Quoting Mark Russinovich:
"32-bit Windows has a maximum paging file size of 16TB (4GB if you for some reason run in non-PAE mode)"
Thank you for your writing
Thank you for your writing this article, it is very informative, especially how /PAE works with Terminal Servers. I understand that when using Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 32bit Standard with 4GB of physical RAM installed, by default, the address space is divided into two equal chunks, 2GB for the Kernel and 2GB for User-mode processes.
If we use Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 32bit Enterprise Edition and install more Physical RAM, say 16GB and use the /PAE switch so the OS now sees all of the 16GB, the address space is still divided as before, 2GB for the Kernel and 2GB for User-mode processes. Is this correct?
Additional Questions;
1. If using /PAE and 16GB of physical RAM, as above, can each application access its own chunk of 2GB from the additional 16 GB of physical RAM?
Meaning, the kernel gets 2GB, App1 can access 2GB of the additional 16GB, App2 can access 2GB of the additional 16GB, etc for each additional app.
2. Do the applications have to be /PAE aware to utilize the physical RAM beyond 4GB, for their allocated 2GB for User-mode processes?
3. OR do the applications only have to be /PAE aware to use more than the 2GB for User-mode processes?
Thanks for your help
0. yes 1. yes 2. no 3. yes
0. yes
1. yes
2. no
3. yes
Does windows 7 ultimate 32
Does windows 7 ultimate 32 bit use PAE and can it address more than 4gb ram. I bought a system with 6 gb ram.
All 32-bit Windows client
All 32-bit Windows client operating systems are (artificially) limited to 4 GB, see for example my slide here:
So unless you install the x64 version of Windows, you can only use 4 GB out of your 6.
Very informative. Followed
Very informative. Followed you link in msdn article "Memory Limits for Windows Releases".
Why is Microsoft not capable of explaining this the way you did? Many developers mess up virtual address space with physical memory and state that all running programs together cannot use more than 2GB.
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Leg Amputee Women
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96794
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To See A Distant Shore by Nils Durban
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SUMMARY: working title for a work in progress. Prologue:
I was one hundred and twenty moons old when my father delivered me to the Overseer's House. He had spoken barely a word to me that morning and, as I watched him make his way back down the street towards the harbour and the Tradesman's Quarter where I had grown up, he had never once looked back. My mother had been distraught and had wept constantly for days, haranguing my father with what he referred to as her 'mad ideas', the most frequently aired of which was that we flee aboard the Watchman's Eye, his vessel, never to return. It was an honour, my father constantly reminded her, that had never in history been bestowed upon his family, a summons that could not and should not be ignored. On the morning that my father and I climbed up through the cobbled streets of Iss, she had locked herself away in the pantry, wracked with her sobbing and unable to cast her eyes upon me, her only daughter. Sons she had aplenty, but they were already grown and at work, either alongside my father or else on other ships. The Overseers had taken me in, closeted me away in a tiny bare room, fed me and had me dress in a plain white gown. That evening, amidst their holiest of prayers, they removed my eyes, and thus saved my Sight.
The gift had not come to me early, as it did to most. Indeed there had been much debate at first upon whether I was gifted at all, or rather, perhaps, inflicted with some malady of the brain. As a small child I had cavorted about the harbour with my peers, once my chores were complete, of course. But as I grew older, perhaps seventy or seventy-five, I began to have the strangest of sensations on a more and more frequent basis. My vision would appear somehow split. I could see what was before me, obviously, but, overlaying that, were other scenes, moving images that were similar to my normal vision but, at least initially, nothing more than the faintest of outlines. Most alarmingly, it soon became apparent to me that these images were of my own future, instances that would occur to me, normally, only moments later.
It became increasingly disconcerting and confusing to glimpse these forward flashes. Especially at first, when they would cause me to falter or stumble. I would be caught mid-sentence, unable to continue, or else would appear ignorant of a question asked directly of me. However, as I became accustomed to this bizarre affliction, and as the images grew more distinct, I found myself, upon occasion, using it to my advantage, often without even thinking of it. Once, having run an errand to the harbour-master's tower, the delivery of a sealed missive from my father, I was overcome by vertigo as a vision of myself falling headlong down the steps of the tower came over me. I recall clinging to the rusted railing as I ever so carefully climbed back down to the quayside. Upon another occasion, whilst making my way around the Head towards the little beach that my friends and I liked to imagine was our own private and secret place, my normal vision was quite suddenly supplanted by a picture of the rotting carcass of a mermion, washed up on the rocks.
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Die Heuning Pot Literature Guide
© 2014 Shmoop University, Inc. All rights reserved.
In A Nutshell
Winner of the Newbery Medal in 1960, Scott O'Dell's classic Island of the Blue Dolphins is one of the most popular young adult novels of all time. With its dolphins, devilfish, fierce wild dogs, and ghostly villages, this book is an adventure story for all ages, not just young adults. Though O'Dell went on to write tons of other books for younger audiences, it's his haunting first novel for which he is best remembered.
Island of the Blue Dolphins tells the story of a Native American girl named Karana, a who lives on an island off the coast of Southern California and gets left behind when the people of her village ship off to the mainland. Bummer? Yeah, you might say that, especially since she doesn't get to have any Home Alone fun.
The novel is a piece of fiction, but the story is mainly based on the true story of the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island who, just like Karana, was abandoned on a remote island. The Lone Woman, also known as Juana Maria, was stranded there for eighteen years (from 1835-1853), until a sea captain named Nidever found her. (That's a lot of alone time.) The Lone Woman is buried near the Santa Barbara Mission in Southern California.
O'Dell's book imagines what the Lone Woman’s experience on the island may have been like. His heroine, Karana, faces many exciting dangers on the island: she battles fierce animal enemies, faces off with Russian hunters, and explores old, hidden caves.
While O'Dell found inspiration in the Lone Woman's story, he also drew from his own childhood experiences living in Southern California. He says that much of the novel "came from the memory of my years at San Pedro and Dead Man's Island, when, with other boys my age, I voyaged out on summer mornings in search of adventure" (source).
This novel has strong themes of peace and protecting the environment, as well as being a story of survival. Scott O'Dell has said, "Island of the Blue Dolphins began in anger, anger at the hunters who invade the mountains where I live and who slaughter everything that creeps or walks or flies" (source). We can see O'Dell's anger in the way he describes the violence of the Aleutian hunters against the indigenous (native) people of the island. They mercilessly slaughter the otters there, only to move on to kill many of the people – including Karana's father. The rest of the novel is dedicated to describing the terrible consequences of the Aleutian hunters' violence.
In comparison, Karana, is an eco-friendly, pro-environment, peace-loving kind of gal. Or at least, that's how she ends up. Over the course of the novel, Karana makes friends with many of the island's animals – even ones who she thought would be her enemies. Her positive relationship with the animals on the island inspires her to become strongly against violence by the end of the novel. She also tries to understand the Aleutian people (who killed her father) by making friends with a young Aleutian girl named Tutok. Talk about forgiveness! The book's environmentally responsible and culturally sensitive message apply to the lives of many readers today.
Why Should I Care?
Island of the Blue Dolphins will probably remind you of other island adventure novels – like Daniel Defoe's 18th-century classic Robinson Crusoe or Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island or even H.G. Wells's chilling The Island of Dr. Moreau. These books are all known as Robinsonades – a genre dedicated to desert island stories (like Robinson Crusoe, get it?)
The Robinsonade is a hugely popular genre. We mean, come on – who doesn't like a good desert island story? (You did watch Lost, didn't you?) Island of the Blue Dolphins fits perfectly into this genre – O'Dell even calls his main character as a "girl Robinson Crusoe" (Author's Note.4).
But wait. Is that why you should care? Because Island of the Blue Dolphins is like every other desert island story?
Well, no. Not exactly. You should care about this book because it's not like every other desert island story.
O'Dell's Karana is different than your typical hero of the Robinsonade. She's definitely not your average Robinson Crusoe, that's for sure. Why? Well, for starters, she's a girl (now there's something), and she's also a native of the deserted island. That's right, this is not the story of some white male from Europe coming to take over the land. This is a story about a girl from the island – she's a Native American, not some shipwrecked English dude.
Karana also looks at the world very differently than most other Robinsonade heroes. Unlike, say, Robinson Crusoe she feels at home on her island – and she comes to love the friends and animals around her there too. Instead of killing the animals, she vows never to hurt them again. She tells us, "Animals and birds are like people, too, though they do not talk the same or do the same things. Without them the earth would be an unhappy place" (24.19).
Karana also tries her best to understand other cultures, even making friends with a young Aleut woman. This is a pretty big deal since the Aleuts killed Karana's father. (Compare this to Robinson Crusoe's kind of weird relationship with his man Friday.)
We might think of Karana, then, as more in line with a heroine like Pai in Whale Rider. She's a very different kind of adventure hero than we're used to seeing. She offers a different version of the classic desert island survival tale. Pretty cool.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96821
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Die Heuning Pot Literature Guide
© 2014 Shmoop University, Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Who wears a canary-yellow dress? -> Rochelle
2. A plague of what arrives just before Sula? -> Robins
3. Rochelle smells like -> Violets
4. What leads to the deaths of Hannah and Plum? -> Fire
5. How does Chicken Little die? -> Fire
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July 30, 2011
Contour Issues: High Contrast & Snow
Contour Issues: High Contrast & Snow
If you've got a Contour helmet cam, or if you've ever watched any of my helmet cam videos, like this or this, you've probably noticed that the camera is particularly inept when it comes to dealing with bright, snowy scenes. Highlight detail tends to wash out, leaving obvious and ugly blank, featureless regions of white. The question is: why?
The answer kind of struck me out of the blue (or white) one day, when it suddenly occurred to me that there is almost certainly no variable aperture in the camera. In other words, the only way the camera can adapt to changing light levels is electronically, by varying the sensitivity of its sensor. If that's the case, how would the engineers design the camera so that it could handle a wide range of brightness levels, from sunlight to dusk to dark? The answer is, they would cheat at the ends of the spectrum.
In bright sunlight, the Contour would (theoretically) be designed to operate as close to clipping as possible, so that at the other end of the spectrum, the darks wouldn't get too noisy. So, everything is fine as long as you're shooting in bright sun under normal conditions—ie, grass, trees, and people in your back yard. But what happens when you shoot snow under full sunlight? Well, in terms of EV, this is actually a full stop or more brighter than an ordinary (non-snowy) scene. And it pushes all the highlight detail right out of the camera's range.
Similarly, shooting any highly reflective material when the sun is at the right angle will result in the same phenomenon: the brightness level exceeds the camera's expected maximum. The good news, if I'm right about this, is that there is a pretty easy fix. Just put a neutral density filter in front of the lens to reduce the light entering the camera when you shoot sunny-snowy or otherwise highly reflective scenes.
And yes, I've found an aftermarket kit that allows you to do exactly this (albeit with a polarizer instead of a true ND filter). Will it save those otherwise burnt highlights on bright snowy days? We'll have to wait until next season, as I made this logical leap a little too late to test it this year. But it sure would be nice to get more usable footage out of the Contour when shooting sunny, snowy scenes, wouldn't it? Stay tuned...
Andy Lewicky
6 Responses to “Contour Issues: High Contrast & Snow”
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96841
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The End Of His World Lyrics - Zao
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The sky's as dark as murderers hearts
Waiting stalking
She didn't know he was gunna die
The earth it screams
As bullets fire upon the innocent
She didnt know he was gonna die
The end of his world is here
The seas' as red as the you man's blood
Dripping from his forehead
The winds as cold as his widows eyes
When she finds out her lover won't be coming home
Click here to submit the Corrections of The End Of His World Lyrics
The following area is only for review, if you want to submit the lyrics or the corrections of the lyrics, please click the link at the end of The End Of His World Lyrics.
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------ 07/29/2014
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At a glance
3 days
Contact us for any enquiries
including in-house delivery.
Introduction to Java
Getting started with Java
This three day course is intended as a fast start introduction to the most important features of the Java language, libraries, tools and design concepts. It covers data types, control structures, I/O and other fundamentals, and how they are expressed in Java, before moving into more advanced areas such as inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, exception handling, collections, unit testing, database access and business object modelling.
Intended For
Software professionals who may have design and development skills in other areas but have little or no experience in programming with Java.
• A background in programming (not necessarily object-oriented).
• Some understanding of files and relational databases
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this three-day programme participants will be able to:
• Write basic Java applications
• Understand the basics of good object oriented design
• Understand Java's implementation of basic object oriented concepts
• Unit test Java code
• Connect Java programs to relational databases
Module 1: A Brief Introduction to Java
An introduction to the Java language and Java programming environment set up. This is followed with some simple "Hello World" type examples. By the end of this module participants will be able to configure and use a Java development environment. We also explore the role of Java packages and how to use them to organise namespaces.
Module 2: Data Types, Arrays and Strings
Discussion on data types, arrays and Strings, followed by an examination of control structures for iteration and selection. By the end of this module participants will understand the core information representation mechanisms of Java and the correct syntax to represent them.
Module 3: Classes and Objects
Contrasting primitive data types with the more complex reference types that are used to model objects in Java. Covers reference type comparison and garbage collection
Module 4: Object Orientation in Java
Introduction to object orientation with applications in Java. This module covers the core issues in object orientation such as inheritance, polymorphism and interfaces, and addresses best practices. By the end of this module the participants will understand the basics of object orientation, how to use this to achieve good design, and how to represent this in Java.
Module 5: Exception Handling
Introduction to formal exception and error handling. At the end of this module the participants will know how to correctly propagate and handle exceptions in Java.
Module 6: Unit-Testing & JUnit
Unit testing is an integral part of all programmers' professional work. This brief module introduces the participants to unit testing in Java using the open-source JUnit framework.
Module 7: Classes in the Java libraries
One of the most important skills in Java programming is being able to reuse classes from class libraries. This section covers a range of classes from a number of library packages, and explores the use of Javadoc in understanding how to use third party code
Module 8: Streams and IO
An introduction to input/output and the stream based approach of the Java libraries. This module explains the overall approach of the stream libraries in Java, and explores practical examples of file handling, serialization and object streams.
Module 9: Collections
Collections are an important aspect of managing one-to-many and many-to-many object relationships in Java. This module looks at some of the most fundamental collection interfaces and classes in the context of the Java 2 collections framework
Module 10: Database Access with JDBC
This module covers connecting to a database and manipulating its data via SQL. Participants will learn about the Java Database Connectivity packages that Java provides to access external data-sources and will be able to use them to manipulate relational data.
Module 11: Implementing Object Models
This module involves building a simple domain object model that brings together the lessons of the earlier modules. A test first approach is used.
Method Used
The focus is on practical exercises and projects. A combination of short and long exercises is used, culminating in a reasonably demanding test-first exercise using a business context object model. Every participant will have dedicated use of a workstation for the hands-on exercises.
Proposed Course Technology
For this course the current versions of the following software tools are recommended
• Java Development Kit (JDK) (from ), including Javadoc documentation (separate download)
• Eclipse IDE (from )
• JUnit test framework (from )
• MySQL database (from ) and JDBC connector (separate download)
However other tools may be used instead if requested.
Software Education Associates Limited
Freecall: 0800 268 773
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96886
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Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
The House of Life (complete sequence)
Comments on translating poetry.
George P. Landow's commentary on The House of Life at The Victorian Web.
From The House of Life
From Sonnets for Pictures
Visit the D. G. Rossetti Hypermedia Archive at the University of Virginia.
return to sonnet central return to the Victorian Era
A Sonnet
A Sonnet is a moment's monument,--
Memorial from the Soul's eternity
To one dead deathless hour. Look that it be,
Whether for lustral rite or dire portent,
Of its own arduous fulness reverent:
Carve it in ivory or in ebony,
As Day or Night may rule; and let Time see
Its flowering crest impearled and orient.
A Sonnet is a coin: its face reveals
The soul,--its converse, to what Power 'tis due:--
Whether for tribute to the august appeals
Of Life, or dower in Love's high retinue,
It serve, or, 'mid the dark wharf's cavernous breath,
In Charon's palm it pay the toll to Death.
The Kiss
What smouldering senses in death's sick delay
Or seizure of malign vicissitude
Can rob this body of honour, or denude
This soul of wedding-raiment worn to-day?
For lo! even now my lady's lips did play
With these my lips such consonant interlude
As laurelled Orpheus longed for when he wooed
The half-drawn hungering face with that last lay.
I was a child beneath her touch,--a man
A spirit when her spirit looked through me,--
A god when all our life-breath met to fan
Our life-blood, till love's emulous ardours ran,
Fire within fire, desire in deity.
Nuptial Sleep
At length their long kiss severed, with sweet smart:
And as the last slow sudden drops are shed
From sparkling eaves when all the storm has fled,
So singly flagged the pulses of each heart.
Their bosoms sundered, with the opening start
Of married flowers to either side outspread
Fawned on each other where they lay apart.
Sleep sank them lower than the tide of dreams,
And their dreams watched them sink, and slid away.
Slowly their souls swam up again, through gleams
Of watered light and dull drowned waifs of day;
Till from some wonder of new woods and streams
He woke, and wondered more: for there she lay.
Silent Noon
Your hands lie open in the long fresh grass,--
The finger-points look through like rosy blooms:
Your eyes smile peace. The pasture gleams and glooms
'Neath billowing skies that scatter and amass.
All round our nest, far as the eye can pass,
Are golden kingcup-fields with silver edge
Where the cow-parsley skirts the hawthorn-hedge.
'Tis visible silence, still as the hour-glass.
Deep in the sun-searched growths the dragon-fly
Hangs like a blue thread loosened from the sky:--
So this wing'd hour is dropt to us from above.
Oh! clasp we to our hearts, for deathless dower,
This close-companioned inarticulate hour
When twofold silence was the song of love.
A Superscription
Unto thine ear I hold the dead-sea shell
Cast up thy Life's foam-fretted feet between;
Unto thine eyes the glass where that is seen
Which had Life's form and Love's, but by my spell
Is now a shaken shadow intolerable,
Of ultimate things unuttered the frail screen.
Mark me, how still I am I But should there dart
One moment through thy soul the soft surprise
Of that winged Peace which lulls the breath of sighs,
Then shalt thou see me smile, and turn apart
Thy visage to mine ambush at thy heart
Sleepless with cold commemorative eyes.
For a Venetian Pastoral
Water, for anguish of the solstice:--nay,
But dip the vessel slowly,--nay, but lean
And hark how at its verge the wave sighs in
Reluctant. Hush! Beyond all depth away
The heat lies silent at the brink of day:
Now the hand trails upon the viol-string
That sobs, and the brown faces cease to sing,
Sad with the whole of pleasure. Whither stray
Her eyes now, from whose mouth the slim pipes creep
And leave it pouting, while the shadowed grass
Is cool against her naked side? Let be:--
Say nothing now unto her lest she weep,
Nor name this ever. Be it as it was,--
Life touching lips with Immortality.
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Planetary Nebula Fleming 1 Space Wallpaper
Planetary Nebula Fleming 1 1600
About this Image
This cool space wallpaper shows an ESO Very Large Telescope image of the planetary nebula Fleming 1 in the constellation of Centaurus (The Centaur). New observations suggest that a very rare pair of white dwarf stars lies at the heart of this object, with their orbital motions explaining the nebula's remarkably symmetric jet structures. Image released Nov. 8, 2012.
Credit: ESO/H. Boffin
Wallpaper download options
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96913
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24: Ausiello Spoiler
Looks like Renee has gone all sorts of crazy this season. Fine with me. Jack should be with Audrey anyway.
Question: Is Renee Walker bad this season on 24? I’ve heard rumors that she is. —Stefanie
Depends how you define bad. She has essentially morphed into a female Dexter, so girlfriend’s definitely working through some demons.
Source: Ausiello
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96935
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back Calvin Logo next
Book III Chapter 15.
The divisions of this chapter are, -
I. To the doctrine of free justification is opposed the question, Whether or not works merit favor with God, sec. 1. This question answered, sec. 2 and 3.
II. An exposition of certain passages of Scripture produced in support of the erroneous doctrine of merit, sec. 4 and 5.
III. Sophisms of Semipelagian Schoolmen refuted, sec. 6 and 7.
IV. Conclusion, proving the sufficiency of the orthodox doctrine, sec. 8.
1. After a brief recapitulation, the question, Whether or not good works merit favor with God, considered.
2. First answer, fixing the meaning of the term Merit. This term improperly applied to works, but used in a good sense, as by Augustine, Chrysostom, Bernard.
3. A second answer to the question. First by a negative, then by a concession. In the rewarding of works what to be attributed to God, and what to man. Why good works please God, and are advantageous to those who do them. The ingratitude of seeking righteousness by works. This shown by a double similitude.
4. First objection taken from Ecclesiasticus. Second objection from the Epistle to the Hebrews. Two answers to both objections. A weak distinction refuted.
5. A third and most complete answer, calling us back to Christ as the only foundation of salvation. How Christ is our righteousness. Whence it is manifest that we have all things in Christ and he nothing in us.
6. We must abhor the sophistry which destroys the merit of Christ, in order to establish that of man. This impiety refuted by clear passages of Scripture.
7. Errors, of the younger Sophists extracted from Lombard. Refuted by Augustine. Also by Scripture.
8. Conclusion, showing that the foundation which has been laid is sufficient for doctrine, exhortation, and comfort. Summery of the orthodox doctrine of Justification.
(Doctrine of human merit in justification opposed by Augustine and Bernard as well as by Scripture, 1-4)
1. False and true questioning
The principal point in this subject has been now explained: as justifications if dependent upon works, cannot possibly stand in the sight of God, it must depend solely on the mercy of God and communion with Christ, and therefore on faith alone. But let us carefully attend to the point on which the whole subject hinges, lest we get entangled in the common delusion, not only of the vulgar, but of the learned. For the moment the question is raised as to the justification by faith or works, they run off to those passages which seem to ascribe some merit to works in the sight of God, just as if justification by works were proved whenever it is proved that works have any value with God.
Above we have clearly shown that justification by works consists only in a perfect and absolute fulfillment of the law, and that, therefore, no man is justified by works unless he has reached the summit of perfection, and cannot be convicted of even the smallest transgression. But there is another and a separate question, Though works by no means suffice to justify, do they not merit favor with God?
2. "Merit," an unscriptural and dangerous word!
I admit it was used by ancient ecclesiastical writers, and I wish they had not by the abuse of one term furnished posterity with matter of heresy, although in some passages they themselves show that they had no wish to injure the truth. For Augustine says, "Let human merits, which perished by Adam, here be silent, and let the grace of God reign by Jesus Christ," (August. de Praedest. Sanct.) Again, "The saints ascribe nothing to their merits; every thing will they ascribe solely to thy mercy, O God," (August. in Psal. 139.) Again, "And when a man sees that whatever good he has he has not of himself, but of his God, he sees that every thing in him which is praised is not of his own merits, but of the divine mercy," (August. in Psal. 88.) You see how he denies man the power of acting aright, and thus lays merit prostrate. Chrysostom says, "If any works of ours follow the free calling of God, they are return and debt; but the gifts of God are grace, and beneficence, and great liberality."
But to say nothing more of the name, let us attend to the thing. I formerly quoted a passage from Bernard: "As it is sufficient for merit not to presume on merit, so to be without merit is sufficient for condemnation," (Bernard in Cantic. Serm. 98.) He immediately adds an explanation which softens the harshness of the expression, when he says, "Hence be careful to have merits; when you have them, know that they were given; hope for fruit from the divine mercy, and you have escaped all the perils of poverty, ingratitude, and presumption. Happy the Church which neither wants merit without presumption, nor presumption without merit." A little before he had abundantly shown that he used the words in a sound sense, saying, "Why is the Church anxious about merits? God has furnished her with a firmer and surer ground of boasting. God cannot deny himself; he will do what he has promised. Thus there is no reason for asking by what merits may we hope for blessings; especially when you hear, 'Thus saith the Lord God; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name's sake,' (Ezek. 36: 22.) It suffices for merit to know that merits suffice not."
3. The whole value of good works comes from God's grace
What all our works can merit Scripture shows when it declares that they cannot stand the view of God, because they are full of impurity; it next shows what the perfect observance of the law (if it can any where be found) will merit when it enjoins, "So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants, we have done that which was our duty to do," (Luke 17: 10;) because we make no free-offering to God, but only perform due service by which no favor is deserved.
And yet those good works which the Lord has bestowed upon us he counts ours also, and declares, that they are not only acceptable to him, but that he will recompense them. It is ours in return to be animated by this great promise, and to keep up our courage, that we may not weary in well-doing, but feel duly grateful for the great kindness of God. There cannot be a doubt, that every thing in our works which deserves praise is owing to divine grace, and that there is not a particle of it which we can properly ascribe to ourselves. If we truly and seriously acknowledge this, not only confidence, but every idea of merit vanishes. I say we do not, like the Sophists share the praise of works between God and man, but we keep it entire and unimpaired for the Lord. All we assign to man is that, by his impurity he pollutes and contaminates the very works which were good. The most perfect thing which proceeds from man is always polluted by some stain. Should the Lords therefore bring to judgment the best of human works, he would indeed behold his own righteousness in them; but he would also behold man's dishonor and disgrace. Thus good works please God, and are not without fruit to their authors, since, by way of recompense, they obtain more ample blessings from God, not because they so deserve, but because the divine benignity is pleased of itself to set this value upon them. Such, however is our malignity, that not contented with this liberality on the part of God, which bestows rewards on works that do not at all deserve them, we with profane ambition maintain that that which is entirely due to the divine munificence is paid to the merit of works.
Here I appeal to every man's common sense. If one who by another's liberality possesses the usufruct of a field, rear up a claim to the property of it, does he not by his ingratitude deserve to lose the possession formerly granted? In like manner, if a slave, who has been manumitted, conceals his humble condition of freedman, and gives out that he was free-born, does he not deserve to be reduced to his original slavery? A benefit can only be legitimately enjoyed when we neither arrogate more to our selves than has been given, nor defraud the author of it of his due praise; nay, rather when we so conduct ourselves as to make it appear that the benefit conferred still in a manner resides with him who conferred it. But if this is the moderation to be observed towards men, let every one reflect and consider for himself what is due to God.
4. Defense against counterevidence
I know that the Sophists abuse some passages in order to prove that the Scriptures use the term merit with reference to God. They quote a passage from Ecclesiasticus: "Mercy will give place to every man according to the merit of his works," (Ecclesiasticus 16: 14;) and from the Epistle to the Hebrews: "To do good and communicate forget not; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased," (Heb. 13: 16.)
I now renounce my right to repudiate the authority of Ecclesiasticus; but I deny that the words of Ecclesiasticus, whoever the writer may have been, are faithfully quoted. The Greek is as follows: "Pasei ele-emosunei poiesei topon; hekastos gar kata ta erga houtou heuresei". "He will make room for all mercy: for each shall find according to his works." That this is the genuine reading, and has been corrupted in the Latin version, is plain, both from the very structure of the sentence, and from the previous context.
In the Epistle to the Hebrews there is no room for their quibbling on one little word, for in the Greek the Apostle simply says, that such sacrifices are pleasing and acceptable to God.
This alone should amply suffice to quell and beat down the insolence of our pride, and prevent us from attaching value to works beyond the rule of Scripture. It is the doctrine of Scripture, moreover, that our good works are constantly covered with numerous stains by which God is justly offended and made angry against us, so far are they from being able to conciliate him, and call forth his favor towards us; and yet because of his indulgence, he does not examine them with the utmost strictness, he accepts them just as if they were most pure; and therefore rewards them, though undeserving, with innumerable blessings, both present and future. For I admit not the distinction laid down by otherwise learned and pious men, that good works merit the favors which are conferred upon us in this life, whereas eternal life is the reward of faith only. The recompense of our toils, and crown of our contest, our Lord almost uniformly places in heaven. On the other hand, to attribute to the merit of works, so as to deny it to grace, that we are loaded with other gifts from the Lord, is contrary to the doctrine of Scripture. For though Christ says, "Unto every one that has shall be given;" "thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things," (Matth. 25: 29, 21,) he, at the same time, shows that all additional gifts to believers are of his free benignity: "Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that has no money, come ye, buy, and eat: yea, come, buy wine and milk, without money and without price," (Isaiah 55: 1.) Therefore, every help to salvation bestowed upon believers, and blessedness itself, are entirely the gift of God, and yet in both the Lord testifies that he takes account of works, since to manifest the greatness of his love toward us, he thus highly honors not ourselves only, but the gifts, which he has bestowed upon us.
(Rejection of the substitution of man's merit for Christ's, 5-8)
5. Christ as the sole foundation, as beginner and perfecter
Had these points been duly handled and digested in past ages, never could so many tumults and dissensions have arisen. Paul says, that in the architecture of Christian doctrine, it is necessary to retain the foundation which he had laid with the Corinthians, "Other foundation can no man lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ," (1 Cor. 3: 11.) What then is our foundation in Christ? Is it that he begins salvation and leaves us to complete it? Is it that he only opened up the way, and left us to follow it in our own strength? By no means, but as Paul had a little before declared, it is to acknowledge that he has been given us for righteousness. No man, therefore, is well founded in Christ who has not entire righteousness in him, since the Apostle says not that he was sent to assist us in procuring, but was himself to be our righteousness. Thus, it is said that God "has chosen us in him before the foundation of the world," not according to our merit, but "according to the good pleasure of his will;" that in him "we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins;" that peace has been made "through the blood of his cross;" that we are reconciled by his blood; that, placed under his protection, we are delivered from the danger of finally perishing; that thus ingrafted into him we are made partakers of eternal life, and hope for admission into the kingdom of God. Nor is this all. Being admitted to participation in him, though we are still foolish, he is our wisdom; though we are still sinners he is our righteousness; though we are unclean, he is our purity; though we are weak, unarmed, and exposed to Satan, yet ours is the power which has been given him in heaven and in earth, to bruise Satan under our feet, and burst the gates of hell, (Matth. 28: 18;) though we still bear about with us a body of death, he is our life; in short, all things of his are ours, we have all things in him, he nothing in us. On this foundation, I say, we must be built, if we would grow up into a holy temple in the Lord.
6. Roman theology curtails Christ's might and honor
For a long time the world has been taught very differently. A kind of good works called moral has been found out, by which men are rendered agreeable to God before they are ingrafted into Christ; as if Scripture spoke falsely when it says, "He that has the Son has life, and he that has not the Son of God has not life," (1 John 5: 12.) How can they produce the materials of life if they are dead? Is there no meaning in its being said that "whatsoever is not of faith is sin?" (Rom. 14: 23;) or can good fruit be produced from a bad tree? What have these most pestilential Sophists left to Christ on which to exert his virtue? They say that he merited for us the first grace, that is, the occasion of meriting, and that it is our part not to let slip the occasion thus offered. O the daring effrontery of impiety! Who would have thought that men professing the name of Christ would thus strip him of his power, and all but trample him under foot? The testimony uniformly borne to him in Scripture is that whose believeth in him is justified; the doctrine of these men is, that the only benefit which proceeds from him is to open up a way for each to justify himself. I wish they could get a taste of what is meant by these passages: "He that has the Son has life." "He Hedthat hearth my word, and believeth on him that sent me," "is passed from death unto life." Whose believeth in him "is passed from death unto life." "Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus." "He that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in him." God "has raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ." "Who has delivered us from the power of darkness, and has translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son." There are similar passages without number. Their meaning is not, that by faith in Christ an opportunity is given us of procuring justifications or acquiring salvation, but that both are given us. Hence, so soon as you are ingrafted into Christ by faith, you are made a son of God, an heir of heaven, a partaker of righteousness, a possessor of life, and (the better to manifest the false tenets of these men) you have not obtained an opportunity of meriting, but all the merits of Christ, since they are communicated to you.
7. Roman theology understands neither Augustine nor Scripture
In this way the schools of Sorbonne, the parents of all heresies, have deprived us of justification by faith, which lies at the root of all godliness. They confess, indeed, in word, that men are justified by a formed faith, but they afterwards explain this to mean that of faith they have good works which avail to justification, so that they almost seem to use the term faith in mockery, because they were unable, without incurring great obloquy, to pass it in silence, seeing it is so often repeated by Scripture.
And yet not contented with this, they by the praise of good works transfer to man what they steal from God. And seeing that good works give little ground for exultation, and are not even properly called merits, if they are regarded as the fruits of divine grace, they derive them from the power of free-will; in other words extract oil out of stone. They deny not that the principal cause is in grace; but they contend that there is no exclusion of free-will through which all merit comes. This is the doctrine, not only of the later Sophists, but of Lombard their Pythagoras, (Sent. Lib. 2, Dist. 28,) who, in comparison of them, may be called sound and sober. It was surely strange blindness, while he had Augustine so often in his mouth, not to see how cautiously he guarded against ascribing a single particle of praise to man because of good works. Above, when treating of free-will, we quoted some passages from him to this effect, and similar passages frequently occur in his writings, (see in Psal. 104; Ep. 105,) as when he forbids us ever to boast of our merits, because they themselves also are the gifts of God, and when he says that all our merits are only of grace, are not provided by our sufficiency, but are entirely the production of grace, &c.
It is less strange that Lombard was blind to the light of Scripture, in which it is obvious that he had not been a very successful student. Still there cannot be a stronger declaration against him and his disciples than the words of the Apostles who, after interdicting all Christians from glorying, subjoins the reason why glorying is unlawful: "For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God has before ordained that we should walk in them," (Eph. 2: 10.) Seeing, then, that no good proceeds from us unless in so far as we are regenerated—and our regeneration is without exception wholly of God—there is no ground for claiming to ourselves one iota in good works.
Lastly, while these men constantly inculcate good works, they, at the same time, train the conscience in such a way as to prevent it from venturing to confide that works will render God favorable and propitious. We, on the contrary, without any mention of merit, give singular comfort to believers when we teach them that in their works they please, and doubtless are accepted of God. Nay, here we even insist that no man shall attempt or enter upon any work without faith, that is, unless he previously have a firm conviction that it will please God.
8. Admonition and comfort on the basis of right doctrine
Wherefore, let us never on any account allow ourselves to be drawn away one nail's breadth from that only foundation. After it is laid, wise architects build upon it rightly and in order.
For whether there is need of doctrine or exhortation, they remind us that "for this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil;" that "whosoever is born of God does not commit sin;" that "the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles;" that the elect of God are vessels of mercy, appointed "to honor," purged, "sanctified, and meet for the Master's use, and prepared unto every good work." The whole is expressed at once, when Christ thus describes his disciples, "If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me." He who has denied himself has cut off the root of all evils so as no longer to seek his own; he who has taken up his cross has prepared himself for all meekness and endurance. The example of Christ includes this and all offices of piety and holiness. He obeyed his Father even unto death; his whole life was spent in doing the works of God; his whole soul was intent on the glory of his Father; he laid down his life for the brethren; he did good to his enemies, and prayed for them.
And when there is need of comfort, it is admirably afforded in these words: "We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed; always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body." " For if we be dead with him we shall also live with him; if we suffer, we shall also reign with him;" by means of "the fellowship of his sufferings, being made conformable unto his death;" the Father having predestinated us "to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the first-born among many brethren." Hence it is, that "neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord;" nay, rather all things will work together for our good. See how it is that we do not justify men before God by works, but say, that all who are of God are regenerated and made new creatures, so that they pass from the kingdom of sin into the kingdom of righteousness. In this way they make their calling sure, and, like trees, are judged by their fruits.
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From Christopher Intemann <>
Date Mon, 16 Jun 2008 10:24:25 +0200
Hello to all,
thank you very much for all your comments about do-file/ texteditors.
I wasn't aware that stata is capable to handle apple events.
As I'm not familiar with apple script - is there a good ressource explaining how to use apple events
with emacs (or any other external editor)?
Regarding emacs, I'm currently using the ESS extension ( ), which does not
offer stata interoperability. Or, at least I coudn't figure out how to use it.
The ado-mode page ( ), which is linked
from, seems to have disappeared.
Is it mirrored somewhere?
However, this is not the only issue to solve.
The other thing is the exporting/ extraction of results.
Most OS X applications support the "Alt"-key when marking text.
For instance, with "Unphased", which is running in, it is possible to mark a distict
area of the text, like an individual column, an copy&paste it.
I REALLY miss this functionality in the stata results window, and I would like to strongly encourage the Stata
developers to include it in their next release.
Am 15.06.2008 um 15:36 schrieb Phil Schumm:
For instance, I'm writing my scripts using emacs in stata mode. However, there is no way to run them (or parts from them) directly from emacs. It would be nice if the upcomming stata release would offer an interface for external editors.
If all you want to do is to run the file you're editing (or selected portions of it) in Stata, then you can use an "Open" Apple Event to do this. For more information, see the section on Macintosh editors in I'm not an emacs user, but IIRC, it has a "do-applescript" command that you can use for this; I thought it had been incorporated into Bill Rising's Stata mode for emacs, but perhaps not. I have used this approach with AlphaX (and now TextMate) and it works quite well.
In fact, with the OS X executable update dated 25feb2008, this approach now works even better. Prior to that, when Stata had finished processing a file it would notify you via OS X's notification system (i.e., bouncing icon in the dock), and wouldn't accept any further requests until you had responded to the notification by switching focus to Stata. After the update, Stata no longer waits to accept new requests, and there is a preference item so that you can disable notification all together. These changes make working with external editors on OS X much nicer.
The question of whether StataCorp should add features to its do-file editor has been addressed several times before on the list. As several have noted, many of the users who find it inadequate would also find inadequate any editor except their preferred one. These users want to be able to use the same text editor for everything (e.g., data-analytic work, coding, writing, etc.), and have invested considerable effort in learning how to use their text editor efficiently and/or customizing it to suit their needs. StataCorp may decide to add features to their do-file editor in the future (since, clearly, there are a lot of users who use it), however my suggestion would be to take your preferred editor and figure out how to use it well with Stata; that way, you'll be happy whatever StataCorp does.
-- Phil
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/96976
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How to Shoot Long Exposures
Long exposure photography is gaining a lot of interest with the increase in long exposure videography. It seems like every day there is a new video being passed around the internet showcasing a city's skyline at night, morphing from still buildings to dancing lights (Josh Owen's timelapse of New York City is particularly enchanting). Lucky for still photographers, long exposures can capture that same energy in one steady shot. There are different techniques to capturing a perfect long exposure shot in the night and in the day. Navigating and capturing the right amount of light can be the most difficult. But with the right equipment, a lot of patience and some know-how, you can get a quality image. (All images used in this article shot by Alex Wise, Tasmanian based amateur photographer.)
Unlike still quick exposure photography, there is very little wiggle room in long exposure photography. Stabilizing the camera is crucial thus necessitating a tripod or a tripod substitute. There are plenty of Make Your Own Tripods sites out there, some using crutches and others using run-of-the-mill Home Depot scraps. Or you could spring for a really nice tripod running you anywhere between $20 and a couple thousand dollars. Whichever method you prefer, you are going to need a tripod. It eliminates camera shake, the archenemy of long exposure shots. You also need a camera that has an adjustable shutter speed. It would be even better if one of those speeds was BULB. The BULB speed leaves the shutter open for as long as you depress the shutter button. Some photographers keep away from the shutter button entirely to keep long exposure photography a totally hands off experience.
You can hook up a remote to your camera; after setting your camera up on the tripod and focusing on the subject, you can step away and remotely fire off the camera. If you don't have a BULB setting or a remote, than play around with the shutter speeds. You don't necessarily need 30 seconds worth of exposure time. You would be surprised how little light is needed to hit the sensor in order for a long exposure shot to turn out correctly. Once you find the correct combination of ISO, shutter speed and aperture, hold your breath and take the picture. Seriously, holding your breath means you move less. The less you touch the camera, the less you shake the camera. Another sure fire way to get that sharpest, stillest shot possible is to use the self-timer. For whatever reason, people don't think of that one very often (hence it being at the end of this paragraph) but long exposure photography is the prime time to use it.
Lengths of Exposure
There are three general lengths of exposure: short, medium and really drawn out. Just kidding; that last one is just called "long". Short exposures usually only last a few seconds and are best utilized during the day. It is this length of exposure that shows blurred movement; movement from an object (such as being on a boat) or movement of an object (such as being on the shore shooting a moving boat). Medium length exposures last around a minute or less. Shooting traffic or moving lights in the sky (not stars) is a good time to use medium length exposure times. It is long enough to get all the light in the shot but the light doesn't wash out or show up as super highlighted points. Any objects that are moving, such as cars, will show up only as streaks of light and not the cars themselves. Long exposure times have an indefinite end. Michael Wesley is famous for his two year long exposures of the destruction and rebuilding of huge skyscrapers the world wide. Now that's long exposure photography.
Photo: Alex Wise Photography (Long: 3 minute exposure)
Shooting Long Exposure during the Day
If you walked outside at midday to shoot a long exposure of a bird flying by, you might find that it is a white wash. You think to yourself: the sun is too bright for a slow shutter speed. Wrong. The sun is bright but there are ways around that. The key is in the aperture. When you use a larger aperture, less light hits the sensor than a smaller aperture allowing you to expose the film for longer periods of time without washing out the shot. In the image below, the film was exposed for five minutes at an aperture of f/9. But Alex Wise had another trick up his sleeve. He utilized a Neutral Density filter. ND filters are neutrally colored filters that fit over the end of your lens. They block out a significant amount of light in measurements of one stop to thirteen stops; each increase in stop doubles the amount of light blocked thus doubling the amount of time you can expose the film. For a more in depth look into ND filters, check out Steve's explanation here.
Photo: Alex Wise Photography (Long: 5 minute exposure)
Shooting Long Exposure during the Night
If you didn't go out and buy a tripod for daytime exposure, you are going to need to now for nighttime exposure. Your camera is so sensitive to every light source but equally sensitive to when the camera moves. One hiccup, one sneeze or one deep breath while holding the camera will ruin everything. Besides, you don't want to hold the camera for twenty-seven minutes just to get one shot. When choosing the settings on your camera for a night shot, spend some time experimenting. From the start, you will need a low ISO in order to get the sharpest image with the least amount of noise to distract from the image. However, if your camera only allows for a few seconds of exposure time, the ISO will need to be bumped up in order to compensate for the small amount of light exposure. Also set the focus to All or Infinite. During the day it is fine to pinpoint one object to focus on, but nighttime long exposure shots need as much focus help as possible. Maximum focus points combined with large aperture settings will ensure a crisp image. As with any type of photography including daytime long exposure, shoot in the RAW. This will give you unadulterated results that are easily manipulated if needs be in post-production.
Photo: Alex Wise Photography (Long: 27 minute exposure)
Other Articles on Steve's Digicams by the Same Author:
Maggie OBriant
Maggie O'Briant Personal Blog Flickr
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Digital Camera Focus Mode: Continuous Auto Focus
Understanding Continuous Auto Focus
What continuous auto focus does is it takes the most prominent object in your shots composition and it uses this as its focal point. However, the system is not always perfect at guessing what you want that object to be. You can compensate for this by zooming into the object you want to be in focus, hold that zoom until the object is sharp, and then slowly zoom out.
The mechanics behind continuous auto focus are complex. There are two different types of auto focus. Passive auto focus uses sensors to estimate the contrast in an image and determine what is most prominent. Active auto focus estimates the distance of the subject from the camera to the subject.
Because of how auto focus works, it is affected by both distance and lighting contrast. The less contrast in an image, the harder time the camera has focusing. This can cause the focus to constantly change and will render it ineffective. Active auto focus is dependent on distance, so if a subject moves out of the depth of field, they will become blurry.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97006
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Question for Sonic Adventure 2 Battle
Superboy 33 asks: Added Jan 3rd 2006, ID #45877
Question for Sonic Adventure 2 Battle
I have a few questions, please answer them in detail.
1): What exactly does it mean to mature a chao to the lowest ability?
2): Where is the lost chao on Radical Highway? (I have the Mystic Melody.)
3): If a chao is going into the grey cacoon, and I reset the game so he is still alive, Is there any way to change that chao's cacoon into a pink cacoon in that time?
4): Is there any way to tell if a chao is male or female?
5): Can chao mate more than once?
Please help!!!! and get
Add your answerAnswers for this Question
Alex_Ambriz answered: Added 3rd Jan 2006, ID #94213
1)Sorry I didn't make this more clear. When I say to mature a chao to the lowest ability, I mean to mature a chao into the type that has the lowest grade. That way, the low grade goes up.
2)When you get to the second bridge (similar to the one at the begining of the level), get to the top of the bridge. Instead of following the rings down the rail, go to the rail that is right behind you. Grind the rail to the other end of the bridge. Once there, you should see the Ancient relic. Use the mystic melody. Then three platforms should appear. Jump on the platforms, you'll then come to a fourth platform where the chao is located.
3)There is a slim chance. If you are fast enough to find and pick up the chao, you have to pet it and feed it a lot untill it is happy. But you can't give it a chance to do anything else while you do this. If you do, it will just go back into the grey cacoon again. If you made it happy enough, it will go into the pink cacoon.
4)No. Chao are universal (male and female)
5)Yes. They can mate many times.
Hope this helps
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97008
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NINETY NINE LIVES (TESTED) cheat for Crash Twinsanity
When you are at the drill part of cavern catastrophe die after you get the check point box. Then turn the camera back and you'll see a few of boxes. Smash them with cortex's head (pressing circle). Then throw cortex with square and circle and all the way to the drill. When cortex returns he will fall down and you'll start again from the check point. The boxes are back!!! Repeat this until you get ninety nine lives!!!
NOTE: You can also throw cortex with x and circle but make sure he falls in the hole.
Added by: Jimmys Apr 3rd 2012, ID#33984 and get
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97010
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Batman Anger Management Button
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Measuring 1.25" across in diameter, here's a little button featuring Batman's spooky mug and a commentary referencing a possible emotional weakness. That's right, Batman might have a problem controlling his anger. Of course, if he was less angry, he would most assuredly be less effective as a crime fighter in Gotham City. Batman tying you up for the police and leaving you with a hot cup of Bat-soup is a lot more likely to promote criminality than Batman tying you to the bumper of the Bat-truck and pulling you over speed bumps until he gets your confession to jaywalking! Whew! This Batman button.....tells it like it is. And Gotham city is forever grateful.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97021
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Definitions for
Overview of noun fraternity
The noun fraternity has 2 senses? (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (1) fraternity, frat
(a social club for male undergraduates)
2. (1) brotherhood, fraternity, sodality
(people engaged in a particular occupation; "the medical fraternity") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97022
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Definitions for
Overview of adj nonreversible
The adj nonreversible has 1 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. nonreversible, one-sided
(not reversible or capable of having either side out) © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97057
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Submitted by Lori on 1/29/00. ( )
I have serveral questions i have read through all of the old foums and still couldn't find any answers please help.
1 I plan to use Lutan-F and in the WASCO directions to put skins in a solution of water and lysol to rehydrate the hidess i read in here not to use lysol so i called WASCO to ask them if i could use something else they told me i could just salt skik rehydrating and go strait to the pickel can I do this or should use a rehydration agent like knoblock's pre-tan #110 or knoblock's Relax R can i use thes with lutan -f
2 i have read about useing an old dryer as a tumbler to take out the heating element and tape up the vents does this mean the ones in the back of the drum and the lint vent or just the lint vent please hlep
3 i have also read aout useing a wire wheel is this for shaveing can i use any grinder with a wire wheel is thi after the picklel or tan?
4 some people have told me to use 60 grit sand paper after the tan to make it soft is this a good idea
please help thanks Lori
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Some Brief answers
This response submitted by Reno on 1/29/00. ( )
Lori :
I'm going to give a quick response to some of your ????---
1. I usually salt then rehydrate with plain water and if I'm worried about bacteria I use Basacryl NB-ku -per the instructions on the bottle.
2. I would use a old gas dryer if I were you then remove the blades on the fan and either cover the holes with duct tape or fill with Bondo.
3. You can use the wire wheel on thin skined animals and birds but you need to use a fleshing wheel or knives on larger mammals.
4.The sand paper will clean and thin the leather a little BUT if you thin the skin well before tanning , use a good quality oil , and tumble , you should have a nice soft leather . The other thing that might help is to break the hide as it's drying.
Hope some of this helps.
Here is a little help.
This response submitted by Todd B on 1/29/00. ( )
I put the skins in enough water to cover them. I have never heard anyone say not to
use Lysol. I put Lysol in my water and soak them until they are completely
rehydrated. Never had any problems. About the clothes dryer I have an
old electric clothes dryer and it works fine. All you need is the drum
to tumble the skins so electric or gas will not make a bit of difference.
Just cover all of the vent holes one way or another. And If you do not
have a shaving machine a wire wheel on a grinder will be alright. Just
make sure you do a thorough job. Do your shaving after you pickle for 24 hours
on capes such as deer size animals smaller animals do not take as long.
After you shave it put it back in the pickle for another hour or so.
Then you need to neutralize and go on with your tanning.
Todd B
This response submitted by Larry on 1/30/00. ( )
You should cover all the holes in both the drum and the front door (if any), and you can use either a gas or an electric dryer. You can leave the lint trap as is and in place, or tape over it. I think plans for a tumbler were published in both Breakthrough and The International Taxidermist magazines. We have the plans for a wire wheel flesher. If you want more info on it, call me at 1-800-777-7916.
This response submitted by Mark on 1/31/00. ( )
In you rehydration bath you do want to use a wetting agent like
Relax R . This will help speed up your process. In your solutions you can add some Basacryl NBKU (bacteriacide) to retard and stop any bacteria. This stuff is very concintrated and works great. Mark
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97064
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Winners and Losers
in one sense, the productive edge is a sequel to made in America, a book that summarized the conclusions of MIT’s Commission on Industrial Productivity on the overall performance of the U.S. economy in the late 1980s. The commission (of which I was a member) analyzed firms in eight sectors of the economy and identified striking similarities in what the most successful firms in those industries were doing. Most features of what we called “best practices”(such as breaking down internal organizational barriers, flattening hierarchies, developing closer links with customers and suppliers, adopting innovative human resource practices, committing to continuous improvement, integrating new technology with production and marketing strategies) were relatively well known even then, and have since become conventional wisdom. But what was most striking about the leading firms was their ability to see these practices not as independent solutions but rather as part of a coherent system. While most companies had settled for piecemeal reform, the most successful firms recognized the need for systemic change and the importance of aligning their organizational practices with one another.
But that begged another, deeper question: Why? Why had those firms and not others understood the need for dealing with change as a whole, not as a set of separable tactics to be selected as if from a menu? To answer that question, my colleagues at the MIT Industrial Performance Center and I more recently went back to many of those same companies.
As we went from one firm to another, we got a surprise. We had expected that market pressures would be the strongest impetus to transformation. But the top managers we interviewed frequently pointed to another source. Even though the market is never absent from the manager’s mental screen, market perturbations seemed to be playing a less direct role than we had imagined. More often, the driving force for change seemed to be coming from within.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97066
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apache server
By ogri
May 30, 2003
Topic Status:
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1. help...ive installed an apache server on windows xp.its running fine when i goto to http://localhost.
problem is...when my friend adds my ip into ie he gets error message is this normal.???????
how can he log onto my server. also where do i put the files to serve to people. sorry about this im a total newbie to servers.:) :)
2. golfing22
golfing22 Newcomer, in training Posts: 33
Well for one I need to know if you have a router at your house. If you do that is most likely the problem. If you have a router you have to foward port 80 to your webservers ip address.
The place where you put your files is the "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs"
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97067
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I'll be gone for a month or so.
By Rick
Mar 14, 2002
Post New Reply
1. It's that time again. I'm going on my routine cross-country trip to California. I'll be gone for nearly a month.
I haven't been around for a few days because I've been pretty busy with some other matters. I just wanted to let you all know you probably won't hear from me very often in the next month.
Behave! :)
2. Vehementi
Vehementi TechSpot Paladin Posts: 3,199
Awwww man. I'm gonna miss ya! All those Star Trek/Wars tirades we had in IRC...
But don't let me stop you. Have fun :grinthumb
3. SNGX1275
SNGX1275 TS Forces Special Posts: 12,423 +281
Have a good time.
Have fun out there.
Put some sunscreen on wouldnt' want your pasty colored skin to get all burned :)
Take it easy bud, I'll still be here when you get back.
Later man
4. Rick
Rick TechSpot Staff Topic Starter Posts: 6,304 +52 Staff Member
Don't worry, you can have just as much fun without me.
Some fun ideas while I'm gone:
1.) Recalibrate your bio-molecular residual relay sensors to match the atennuation of the pulse grid array.
2.) Route the aft and forward phaser banks so they deliberately modulate e-band emissions on unfiltered frequencies. If you are confronted with the romulans, this should prove especially potent since their sheilds modulate on the same frequency as the half-life for ferro carbonate dioxide.
3.) Carry out a sensor sweep of all known cronoton x-band particles for nearby m-class planets and update the computer's cronoton emission records.
4.) Make Picard fly the Enterprise into a planet.
5. Phantasm66
Phantasm66 Newcomer, in training Posts: 6,504
6. Arris
Arris TechSpot Evangelist Posts: 4,534 +92
Woohoo one less regular in the competition stakes :giddy: ...
*cough* I mean we'll miss your presence, have a good time out there ;)
And you don't need to do any of that fancy stuff in Star Trek.
Every situation can be dealt with by realiging the deflector shield and emitting a modulated tachyon beam! Duh! ;)
7. MrGaribaldi
MrGaribaldi TechSpot Ambassador Posts: 2,802
C'ya l8er m8!
C'ya when you get back Rick..
And enjoy yourself whilst you're there!
8. poertner_1274
poertner_1274 secroF laicepS topShceT Posts: 4,745
Hope its not too late, but what are you going for?? Just for fun, or other business?? But whatever it is, have fun.
And we'll anxiously be awaiting your return :)
9. Rick
Rick TechSpot Staff Topic Starter Posts: 6,304 +52 Staff Member
I am in CA right now.
The reason I am here, Poertner, is because my girlfriend lives here. I go to see her a few times a year.
Speaking of which, I just fixed up her computer (It wasn't operating nominal), so I might be swinging by from time to time while I'm here.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97094
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SPELLCASTING 101: SORCERERS GET ALL THE GIRLS Once upon a time, there was a company called Infocom, and Infocom ruled the roost when it came to text adventure games. These "novel-length" games were challenging and addictive, sometimes funny and sometimes scary. But text adventure games fell out of favor, and graphic adventures (complete with sound effects and animation) became king. So what happened to all those talented Infocom authors? Well, one, anyway, has surfaced once again: Steve Meretzky (author or co-author of PLANETFALL, HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY, LEATHER GODDESSES OF PHOBOS, and many others) is back with what looks to be a surefire, across-the-board hit, SPELLCASTING 101: SORCERERS GET ALL THE GIRLS. (This review is based on the IBM-PC version of the game.) SPELLCASTING 101 is written with all the inventiveness and off-beat humor that Meretzky put into his work for Infocom. Here, you're Ernie Eaglebeak. Ernie's dream is to become a sorcerer, and he's been accepted at Sorcerer University. Ernie's dad has other ideas, so your first task will be to run away from home and get to school. There's enough at S.U. for an entire game in itself. You can attend classes, but better yet, you can attend frat parties. Explore the school, meet your professors and fellow students, watch sporting events. Drink beer, eat pizza, meet women. Just like any other college -- except here, you get boxes with spells (some are in class, others are just "lying around," waiting to be discovered), and you can hang out in the simulation lab, where you're seemingly whisked away to other worlds and times. Yes, student life is all pretty tranquil, until one day your mother shows up. No, she's not going to make you clean up your room. She's going to deliver some dire news about the outside world and hand you a special talisman, at which point you're knocked out. When you awaken, you find that your mom has been kidnapped and good ole S.U. has been destroyed. Now you've got to travel from island to island, looking for your mom, your girlfriend, your friends, your professors, and trying to stop an evil fiend from destroying the world. (I said this game was big, didn't I?) You'll visit, among others, the Island of the Amazons, the Island Where Time Runs Backwards, and of course, the Restaurant at the End of the Ocean (remember, Meretzky co-wrote the HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE game with Douglas Adams). The twists and turns are devilishly hilarious -- even the identity of the evil mastermind should produce some chuckles, at the very least. I really don't want to tell you more about the plot because I don't want to spoil any of the jokes and surprises, or give out too many crucial hints. (But I will give away the fact that you get to travel from island to island by magic surfboard). In large part, the game consists of finding spells and figuring out which one to use in a given circumstance, although there are mazes and puzzles galore along the way. There are a few different ways to play SPELLCASTING 101. For one thing, you can play this as a pure text adventure -- no graphics, no audio. If you're a fan of the classic Infocom games, you might consider this route. But if you do, you'll miss some wonderful graphics, easily the equal of the storyline. If you choose to play the game with all of the options activated, the screen will be divided into four quadrants: The upper-right section has the pictures; the upper-left area has a compass and some of the more common adventure game words ("in," "out," "look," etc.); the lower-right corner is where you type in the text and read descriptions; and the lower-left quarter contains two lists of keywords. Perhaps you're a bit puzzled by my description of what's going on in the left side of the screen. The reason for the compass and keyword list is that this is one adventure game you can play with a mouse. Beginning adventurers will love the fact that all the possible words (and combinations of words) are right on screen, ready to be tagged from a pick-list. Even experienced adventurers whose fingers have become sore from typing will appreciate the ability to point and click on "East." Finally, the bit you've all been waiting for: SPELLCASTING 101 can be played in one of two text modes: naughty or nice. If you pick "nice," you might be able to hold hands with a girl, or maybe even get a kiss. If you pick "naughty" (and who won't?), it gets about as close to R-rated as this sort of game can be. No, I'm not going to tell you any more than that -- use your imagination! SPELLCASTING 101 comes on nine 5-1/4" floppies (3-1/2" are available separately). It includes a program for installing the game on your hard drive. SPELLCASTING uses a variation on the manual form of copy protection: You're not asked to input the pertinent data until "Chapter 2" of the game. (I suppose this means that if you have a pirated copy, you can play enough to find out whether you want to spring for the legit version -- and by all means, you should.) Naturally, games can be saved in progress, and you can store an unlimited number of saves. Supplied documentation includes your Sorcerers University Orientation Guide, your all-important class registration form, and a map of the Fizzbuttle Ocean. CGA, EGA, VGA, MCGA, and compatible video cards are all supported. The back of the box accurately represents the game in EGA mode. Audio support is provided for RealSound, AdLib, and Roland MT-32 boards. And, as previously mentioned, the game can be played almost entirely via mouse, or from the keyboard. What's really thrilling about SPELLCASTING 101 is the fact that, while Legend may have gussied it up with all the state-of-the-art effects that '90s gamers have come to expect, this is a game that is every bit as superb to play in pure text mode as it is in graphics mode. Steve Meretzky has a helluva reputation to live up to, and SPELLCASTING 101 is clearly cut from the same cloth as his previous classics. This is a game that will keep you (ahem) under its spell for hours, days, even weeks. It rates a full and unqualified rave. SPELLCASTING 101: SORCERERS GET ALL THE GIRLS is published by Legend Entertainment and distributed by MicroProse. *****DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS (304) 744-2253
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david foster wallace
The Dead Cannot Consent
The End of the Tour is a movie currently in production based on David Lipsky's 2010 book, Although of Course you End Up Becoming Yourself: a Road Trip with David Foster Wallace. In 1996, shortly after Wallace’s sudden burst into literary superstardom with the publication of Infinite Jest, Rolling Stone had sent Lipsky to conduct an interview with with him. The magazine spiked the interview, and years later, after Wallace's suicide, Lipsky incorporated the material into his book—to my mind, the best about David Foster Wallace that anyone has yet written.
There is every reason to anticipate that the movie will be great: It stars Jason Segel [...]
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97124
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You Code Like a Girl!
by Nick Friday, April 07, 2006 9:15 AM
Thanks to Virginia Postrel for pointing out this rather interesting post about the aesthetics of code:
"As for spending too much time on making the code look right down to the last indentation - my code has been called "girl code" for the same reason..."
Frankly, I don't know if gender really has anything to do with it, but I do firmly believe that there are people in general who code in this fashion, and that certain programming languages cater to this desire. A number of years ago, I saw this post on who a typical C# programmer is:
When we talk about “code focused” this meant a couple of things to us. First, the users we watched were very persnickety about their code. For example, they would spend a lot of time formatting their code the way they wanted. They would write a block of code, and then go back and indent it the way they wanted. They would copy code from somewhere, and then format it in their editor before they even read it. There just seems to be a sense that the code itself can be beautiful, and code that was ugly, and here I mean was formatted in the wrong way, was fixed up.
The other part of being code focused has to do with the way they see the designers and other parts of the Visual Studio tools that were not code editors. For instance, the Windows Form designer. Many developers look at programming as designing a form, and then writing “code behind” that makes the form work. The form itself is the program, and the code is annotations that make the program do what they want. The Visual C# developers, however, tend to think of the Windows Form designer as a code generator. For example, we saw one developer use the form design and the sever explorer to bind to data. Then he went in and cut out all the generated data code and put it into it’s own class. He didn’t mind using the generated code, but the code was his, not the form’s. Furthermore, he couldn’t live with having the data code embedded in the UI code, he just had to factor it out or he wouldn’t have slept well that night.
So what some interpret as a "girly coder"... just might mean you're code focused.
Comments (1) -
Miss Turkey
Miss Turkey
2/22/2007 6:16:00 AM #
Believe it or not, eventhough we have still issues with human rights, etc here in Turkey... Girls are the preferred coders here!
Comments are closed
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97128
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Ushering in The Year of the Serpent
Giant golden characters emblazoned on red banners stretched across the streets of Chinatowns throughout the country last Friday as Chinese-Americans saw in 4675, the year of the Serpent, with feasting, fireworks and parades. The celebrations, with touches of American, may not have been quite like the one in Peking. As one might expect to find in China this week, the streets were piled high with the wrappers of exploded firecrackers, but in the United States less-than-traditional ash cans and cherry bombs also littered the pavement, while Adidas stripes flushed under many a dancing dragon.
In Boston, the New Year's festivities did not even take place on New Year's Day. Lacking the 15-day holiday traditional in China, Friday's celebration was postponed to Sunday, which was more convenient to the Boston celebrants. And then, to add a true Beantown note to the day, wet New England snow blanketed the proceedings.
They went on, however, with greater "authenticity" than in many parts of China itself, where the dragon dance tradition died more than 50 years ago along with many other old Buddhist superstitions. According to traditional beliefs, the dragon dance and firecrackers were employed as a defense against evil spirits which lurk in the streets during the holidays. The living are joined by the ghosts of their dead ancestors for the New Year's meal at home, but because some ancestral ghosts are evil and lazy they might be tempted to stop at someone else's home for dinner instead of going to their own. Once there, they might stay the rest of the year as well, bringing very bad luck. To avoid this, the Chinese believed it necessary either to abstain from cooking in order not to attract them into their homes with the smells of a good meal, a strategy obviously not in the interests of the living, or else to scare them away with firecrackers and dragons. But as the fear of these evil spirits declined in china, so did the impulse to ward them off, producing the paradoxical situation of many Chinese immigrants seeing a dragon dance for the first time when they came to the United States.
Other old traditions, such as fireworks and "required" foods, have survived not only in America, but also in china. In the old tradition, a family sent its kitchen god to heaven to report on the family's behavior during the last week of the old year. Upon his return on New Year's Eve the family welcomed him back with a big dinner. This dinner, as one might expect, continues as one of the strongest surviving traditions. The menu includes a variety of foods with symbolic import (e.g., noodles are eaten for long life). Although the list of such foods is lengthy, fulfilling the requirements is generally not considered a hardship.
Required eating continues the next morning, when children wake to find chestnuts under their pillows. Because the Chinese word for "chestnuts" sounds similar to the word for "fame," eating the nuts is believed to bring a noteworthy career. The children also receive a plate containing oranges to keep the family together, cake to bring them happiness, and candy to bring them a sweet life. Parents also give their children money in red envelopes, which they are allowed to gamble or spend as they like on New Year's Day.
Gambling reflects the mood of the day. Having settled all debts the night before, people feel ready to find out what the year will bring. Children jump as high as they can behind the kitchen door in the hopes that they will grow as much as possible during the coming year, and adults wish each other prosperity countless times. No one makes resolutions in the Western fashion, however, since the future is viewed as determined more by fortune than by the individual.
New Year's Day is a good time to ponder one's fortune, since it is not only the first day of the New Year, but also one's birthday according to tradition. A person is considered one year old at birth, becoming two years old on the following New Year's Day. Thus a baby born on New Year's Eve is two years old in the Chinese system although he may only be a day old in the Western system of reckoning.
In figuring one's horoscope, the year of one's birth, rather than the day, is important. The year in which one is born is one of a cycle of twelve years, each of which is assigned an animal name according to the order in which various animals came to the Buddha for blessing in the beginning of time. The serpent was the sixth animal to come, making this year the sixth year of the cycle. One's personal characteristics are determined by which animal sign one is born under.
Chinese New Year in Boston is as good an occasion to look to one's future as it is in Peking, if not better. One Chinese-American reflected last weekend that he had perhaps more to think about; he looked back to a New Year's Day thirty years ago, when he would never have dreamed that his fortunes would bring him to the United States, much less that he would spend the rest of his life here. And he looked ahead wondering if the year ahead would bring anything so momentous again.
If you were born in January or early February, you should count your astrological year as the year before you were born because the lunar calendar does not coincide exactly with the Western solar calendar. For example, if you were born in January, 1956, your sign is the ram, not the monkey.
Serpent[those born in 1953, 1965, 1977]- You have more than your share of the world's gifts, including basic wisdom. You are likely to be a handsome, well-formed man or a graceful beautiful woman.
Horse [1954, 1966]--Your cheerful disposition and flattering ways make you very popular with your friends. Great mental agility will keep you in the upper income bracket.
Ram [1955, 1967]--You are a sensitive, refined, aesthetic type with considerable talent in all the arts. Your success or failure will depend upon whether you can shepherdall your ability and energy into a single field.
Monkey [1956, 1968]--You like to live the good life. You have a flair for decision making and finance.
Rooster [1957, 1969]--You either score heavily or lay a large egg. Although outgoing, you are basically a loner who does not trust most people. However, you are capable of attracting close and loyal friends.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97133
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Tuesday, April 10, 2012
One Year
You guys? I totally missed the one year anniversary of starting this blog. I started it on April 1, 2011. I suck at these things (note to future boyfriends, I probably won't remember our anniversaries. or your birthday. or maybe even Christmas.). I had hoped to do something special to commemorate the occasion, but damnit that can't happen now. That's like sending those "sorry I missed your birthday" cards.
Though I suppose having kicked off this blog on April Fool's Day is kind of a celebration in itself. Every year it's the greatest joke of all that I'm still writing bullshit, and you're still reading it. APRIL FOOL'S Y'ALL. Of course, knowing me I probably didn't realize it was April Fool's when I wrote that first post. Because I suck at remembering shit. (attention future boyfriends, it won't matter when you celebrate my birthday because I won't realize it is or isn't the right day anyway. so regardless you'll win just for trying.)
So I guess maybe I'll just link back to that first post ever. In memory of the kickoff. You can find it here. It will come to no shock that it's a music post. It should be noted that I was new to the blogging world and hadn't yet sorted out how to insert actual video yet. So all the songs are linked. Sorry about that. April Fool's? Sigh...
Seriously though. Thank you to those who have been with me since the start. And to those who have joined me along the way. And those who haven't left me in spite of myself. I love you all. I write for myself, but you brighten my days all the same.
1. And you brighten our days! Thank you for being you.
2. You are fabulous with all your linked song-ness.
If it makes you feel any better, my husband and I have three wedding anniversaries, and each year we forget the first one, promise to remember the second one, forget it, promise to remember the third one, and then forget it as well. This will be our 10th year of doing that....and I'm pretty sure the remembering won't happen.
1. Hahahahaha, that is so going to be me some day.
3. You fucking rule. Happy one year!
4. Happy Anniversary to the Project. I found you last summer so our friendship is about 9 or 10 months old. so, we've made a baby of snark, smark ass remarks, music freakdom, and fun.
Can't wait for the next year.
5. You're awesome! Congratulations on your first full year of this blog. I enjoy it immensely :)
Sharing Is Caring Yo
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97149
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Cif America
The internet grows up
Social networking sites like Facebook are now more popular than porn sites, but does that mean we want real relationships?
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It's an old joke among web geeks that "the internet is for porn". OK, so it was invented by the department of defence for the sake of communications, but if there's one industry that can commodify a resource faster than the oil industry can waste it, it's porn. It makes sense, too, since sex is both a basic animal (and human) instinct and also something we frown on and obsess over to the extent that it's frightening. When the internet was young and users were still basically anonymous, there was no better way to indulge in a guilty pleasure than from behind the veil of your monitor.
But the internet is maturing, or at least its users seem to be. Porn sites have now been overtaken in popularity by social networking sites like MySpace, Friendster and Facebook. At first blush, this seems like a distinction without a difference. After all, the voyeuristic aspect of being able to peek into other people's personal lives is part of the attraction of social networking sites. But the sites have evolved beyond poorly designed collections of profile pages where teenagers and college students trade photos and gossip. At times, these sites are little more than sophisticated time-wasting devices, but as communities of friends and professional contacts integrate these new resources, the sites become more functional.
It seems we're finally starting to use the internet for its intended purpose: communication and information sharing. If you think of the internet as a model for the collective human brain, it's encouraging to know that slightly more than half of it is occupied by subjects other than sex, and that we are, in fact, still quite interested in forming meaningful connections to one another. Yep, that was the point all along, but at least initially, it was much easier to simply put smutty pictures on a website than facilitate real human interaction.
That's not to say we've reached the pinnacle of communication. We still fail to communicate with the people next to us every day. Devices like mobile phones, PDAs and do-it-all units like the iPhone have tethered us to our bosses, co-workers and friends, but emails and text messages are no substitute for face-to-face contact.
There's something similarly antisocial about social networking sites. An internet connection does not a relationship make. Part of the attraction of sites like Facebok is that we can be on friendly terms with people we don't particularly care to spend much time with. Even with good friends, though, being able to walk away from the keyboard can sometimes be a lifesaver. Maintaining close personal friendships can be exhausting. That long conversation about your friend's breakup of the century is much less of an imposition when you can take a break, grab a cup of coffee and mutter to yourself about how she's better off without that loser anyway.
Facebook and other networking sites may be popular, not because of their potential as avenues for oversharing, but because they have struck upon ways to allow us to stay in touch while minimising the awkwardness of those drawn-out phone calls. All too often, we don't say what we mean, we don't choose the right words and we don't listen and make a sincere effort to understand each other. Unfortunately, the sincerity and compassion required for real communication isn't part of the programming. That's something we still have to develop ourselves.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97161
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George W Bush on ...
"We need more sanctions. The next step is for the Europeans and the United States and Russia and China to understand that diplomacy only works if there are consequences. It is the international issue that faces us all. If the people in the Middle East do not think that the United States and Europe, for example, are going to work to provide security, they will find ways to secure themselves. And what the Middle East does not need is a nuclear arms race. It does not need the instability that comes from an innate fear that the West is not strong enough or willing enough to take on the problem.
When you go to the Middle East and you sit in my seat and listen, yes, there's concern about the Palestinian state. But the dialogue has shifted dramatically from 'solve the Palestinian state and you've solved the problems in the Middle East' to, now, 'solve the Iranian issue and you solve the problems in the Middle East'.
I have made it clear that it's difficult for the United States to resolve an issue in a one-on-one situation with people like Ahmadinejad. The only way to achieve consequences through diplomacy is for there to be a universal application - in this case, of sanctions. Unilateral sanctions do not work."
"We didn't realise, nor did anyone else, that Saddam Hussein felt like he needed to play like he had weapons of mass destruction. We thought for certain there were WMDs. That having been said, I still strongly defend the decision. The world is better off without Saddam in power.
I feel a sense of pain for those who were tortured by Saddam, by the parents who watched their daughters raped by Saddam, by those innocent civilians who have been killed by inadvertent allied action, by those who have been bombed by suicide bombers. I feel a sense of pain for death. I feel a sense of pain for the families of our troops. And a responsibility to make sure they understand the sacrifice won't go in vain. They want to know whether or not the President, if he believes it was necessary, whether he is going to see this thing through. Nothing is worse than a politician making decisions based on the latest poll when people's lives are at stake.
I think the Iraqi people - yes, some have suffered, no question. But they're living in a free society. Do they like the fact that violence is still there? No. But I do know that life is improving. I do know they live under a government they elected. There's still a lot of work to be done, don't get me wrong. But freedom trumps tyranny every time."
Tony Blair
"The relationship with Tony Blair, first of all, is a relationship forged by fire. I have this idealistic streak and so does Blair. But we also understand that this idealism is a practical response to the world. He understands, like I understand, this is an ideological struggle. These [terror] acts are not isolated acts of lawlessness. We're in a war.
A lot of people hoped this wasn't a war - they just kind of dismiss it as, oh, there's some irritated guys making some moves. We viewed it as an ideological struggle that requires response through good intelligence, sometimes military action - obviously, sometimes law-enforcement - all aiming to dismantle cells and protect our people. But that ultimately freedom has to defeat the ideology of hate.
It's convenient for the western press to use words like 'warmonger' or 'religious zealot' or 'poodle'. These are just words that people toss around foolishly. They retreat to the convenient rather than trying to probe the depths of a relationship or the depths of somebody's feelings on the basis of philosophy."
The oil crisis
"There is no magic wand. It took us a while to get to where we are. It's going to take us a while to get out of it. And the truth of the matter is that there's either got to be more supply or less demand. And demand doesn't decline overnight.
During my trips to the Middle East, I talked to King Abdullah about increasing the supply of oil, on the theory that if you harm your consumers with high prices they will find other ways to power their economies - and that he should not want to see the kind of worldwide contraction as a result of consumers spending money on energy that ends up overseas, as opposed to spending money on opportunities in their respective economies.
So I think people, if they take a sober look at the world's supply, there's just not a lot, relative to demand. But if I might repeat, the solution to the price of hydrocarbons is either more hydrocarbons or less usage of hydrocarbons.
What people don't understand is that hydrocarbons are necessary as we transition to a new era, based upon new technologies. New technologies don't happen overnight."
"We have gone beyond the Iraq period. Democracy is succeeding there. We're beginning to see progress. And there are a lot of issues that we're focused on that send a signal that co-operation is necessary to change the conditions of the world for the better - co-operation on Aids, co-operation on malaria, co-operation on trade hopefully, discussion about climate change, co-operation in Afghanistan. The agenda is varied and it's profound.
Europe used to be inward-looking right after World War Two - necessarily so, to rebuild. America helped. Now we can be outward-looking as we help others.
I'm a believer that liberty is transformative - the power of liberty is universal, that moral relativism must be rejected and that we've got to have confidence in liberty to help others so that we are more secure ourselves."
"First, I'm not going to be around to see it. There's no such thing as objective, short-term history. It takes a while to be able to have enough time to look back to see why decisions were made and what their consequences were. I'd hope it'd be of somebody who would use the influence of the United States to help transform societies by working on disease and hunger and freedom. And the liberation of 50 million people from the clutches of barbaric regimes is noteworthy, at a minimum.
You've got to have a set of beliefs that are the foundation for your very being. Otherwise, these currents and tides, and 24-hour news, and politics will kind of leave you adrift. And I tell people that when I get home, I'm going to look in the mirror and say I didn't sacrifice my core beliefs to satisfy critics or pundits.
And when I talk about freedom, it's not just freedom from tyranny; it's freedom from HIV/Aids, freedom from malaria, freedom from hunger. For two reasons. One, it's in our national interests that we defeat hopelessness. The only way a suicide bomber can recruit is when he finds somebody hopeless. And secondly, it's in our moral interests. A nation is a better nation when it feeds the hungry and takes care of the diseased."
After the White House
"I'm going to think about writing a book. I'm going to build a presidential library with a 'freedom institute' ... not, you know, like some headquarters for the Republican party, but aimed at promoting the universal values that need to be defended. I'm very worried about isolationism and protectionism."
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97170
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Saskia Sassen speaks with a formidable energy. She engages her audience with her extensive research as she takes you through the “architecture” of globalization, the Global Street, cities and financialization. You may not make all the right connections at once but you are riveted. She was in Mumbai recently to inaugurate a workshop on Subaltern Urbanism hosted by Columbia University’s Mumbai Global Centre, with Support from the Women Creating Change Project. She is the Robert S Lynd professor of Sociology at Columbia University and co chair of the Committee on Global Thought. Author of several path breaking books on Globalisation, her five-year project with UNESCO on sustainable human settlements was published as a volume in the Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
In an interview to The Hindu, Prof Sassen spoke on wide ranging issues related to her deep study of globalization, cities, the disconnect between the Liberal state and the middle class, the movements that are taking place in the world and the concept of the Global Street with which she seeks to capture links between power and powerlessness in urban space. The global corporate system has engaged in what she describes as a sort of grand larceny through bailouts and other ways of accessing the resources of states and people’s taxes. “I think of it as grand larceny because it goes well beyond the privileges enjoyed by rich firms and rich families in all our countries. This partly explains why middle class people everywhere, from Chile to Egypt to India were taking to the streets to protest this in different ways. The protests are not just about the particular issue that might ignite a street protest or an occupation but about a larger mix of injustices,” she says. She senses there is something happening across countries that is mobilizing the modest middle classes of all possible groups. Ironically it is the middle classes which potentially execute the role of the revolutionary force. She says the middle classes are the ones that have benefited the most from the modern state and its support of public transport, public schools, public health, public housing programs, public sector jobs. And this is falling apart.
How do you view the recent massive protests in New Delhi? What is your view of this- vis a vis the Global Street. How would you interpret this?
In reality, these kinds of protests are happening all over the world, around specific issues in each country. It becomes the occasion for actually enacting a much larger project than is indicated by whatever issue is the immediately visible complaint in a city, a country. For instance in Tel Aviv, the starting point was the high prices of apartments. About 100,000 people set up tents in central areas to protest- the first time this happened in Israel. The second point to make here is that there is a lot of suffering and impoverishment and degradation of conditions of life today that is invisible. The people might be living in the same houses, but inside the houses there is growing poverty and impoverishment. If you are on the outside, literally, you don’t know what’s happening inside. But inside there might be a crisis developing. We now know in Latin America, we have had professors and housewives—imagine, two very respectable sections of society - do food riots, they went to get food –that is pretty basic. How has it gotten to this behind the facades of middle class neighbourhoods?
In my new book, I am looking at so called rich governments in rich countries-- they don’t have the money to develop some of the basic infrastructure. I have a fantastic little table that shows the incredibly sharp growth since 1980s in the deficit of the governments in rich countries. Greece and Spain are simply the vanguard. At the same time corporate profits have risen sharply over the same period. The middle classes, modest enterprises, and the state are growing their debts and the corporate sector, including finance, is growing its wealth. So my extreme way of putting it—this is grand larceny- where you go with a truck, you don’t just steal a few things but you steal the whole house. In its relationship to citizens, modest enterprises (including small farmers), and to the state, the global corporate sector has committed a form of grand larceny. Certainly not all parts and officials in the state are innocent in this process.
The resources of states have gone disproportionately to the global corporate sector (and to war!). This is not a new story, but it takes on an extreme form since the 80s with the rise of a globalized corporate and financial system. So global South countries see this at their sharpest in the 1980s and 1990s and 2000s, and now this extraction is hitting rich countries-- the Euro zone and the US begin to extract resources from the state and citizens to pay banks –the language is to “rescue” banks. This reorienting of a country’s resources to rescue banks don’t fall from the sky. Partly, the governments have allowed enormous tax evasions by big corporations even as they raise taxes for small modest enterprises. Some of this hits the news—the recent law suits against Amazon, Starbucks and other respectable corporations which have tried to avoid paying billions in taxes to the US, to the UK. The estimate of tax evasion by corporate firms and finance is in the trillions in the case of the US.
In short, something is happening. But we don’t have a language that captures this mix of conditions. Particularly acute events organize our political moves. The price of apartments in Tel Aviv, the food riots in South America, extreme unemployment of middle class youth in Spain and Greece, and so on. One very general reason is that the social contract with the liberal state is not working any more. The elite are not affected and the super poor never got any benefits. It is the middle classes which got so many benefits. Now when there is talk of austerity, the middle classes are the ones most immediately affected. The liberal state with all its problems had a social contract with the middle classes. - it’s broken now and it’s broken in China, in the United States, South Africa --no matter that apartheid is ended.
Do you think a new world order is in the making? And what is the role of the various players in it? How does the Global Street figure as a catalyst in these developments?
I don’t know if a new world order is in the making but there is a new geography of privilege and disempowerment that cuts across the old divide of rich and poor countries, or North and South. And the ones that are emerging as the contesting actors are young men and women of the middle classes. They are the ones losing the most, who feel the social contract with the state is broken. They are also largely a consuming class –their parents and they themselves have largely consumed their democracy, their citizenship. I like to ask: who knows how to make in this world –make the social, make an economy, make the civic? Mostly it is elites and the very poor, because they have had to. Being an elite is more than just a collection of rich people, or rich firms. The global corporate and financial elite have developed a project – you don’t need a conspiracy: it is a mix of aims and instruments along with a globally networked political economy. And the poor have had to make –an economy, their own housing, their social support systems—in order to survive! That is why a working slum is something to respect...and admire. Against all odds they made an economy and a social order and support networks.
But we the middle classes were converted into consumers and the main beneficiaries of much of the resources of the state –from schools and hospitals to roads and electricity, and we paid for it through our taxes. But too much of our taxes now goes to bail outs of banks and luxury projects... and that is why the social contract between the liberal state and the middle classes is broken.
In the US thousands have started to live in tent cities since 2010. These are tent cities set up by municipal governments. But there are also encampments in the desert, often referred to as slab-cities—because they are often old buses and cars made into housing and you need some heavy rocks to keep them from shifting given strong winds in the desert. Over 9 million households have lost their homes in the US since the late 2000s –that could be up to 30 million people (one household can have one, two, five,..people). Most find some sort of temporary living arrangement. But increasing numbers have nothing left. Now these are mostly modest middle class families, who at one point owned or expected to own a house! I show a video when I teach—which shows one of these tent cities. One segment of the film has a well dressed blond man (not a traditional minority, in other words) stepping out of his little tent and saying, see, I try to keep myself clean and well dressed, I am waiting to be asked to go to work. In other words, he is ready for a job. This is a middle class man against all odds taking good care of himself, dressed as a middle class person –with label t-shirt and khaki pants, etc. And he is waiting for the system to call him back. And there is little chance this will happen. This is the difference with the slums they don’t wait, they make.
Now the Occupy movement worldwide is, I think, a movement that is about making social capabilities among vast strata of our societies—the impoverished middle classes. For example, Occupy Wall Street is now “occupying” the restoration of a mostly lower-middle class area destroyed by Hurricane Sandy in the Northeast of the US- they are making sure the $ 50 billion of tax payers money the US government has promised will go to the right people and places. Or -Tahrir square- they are occupying the emergent democratic system to make sure that it will take off and be democratic. In India, where the state is putting so much tax payers money into luxury projects and helping big multinationals move into retail commerce….not a bad idea for an Occupy movement that checks how taxpayer’s money is used in critical or new projects. For instance the projects of transferring help to the poor via individual accounts –a good project! But what about the poor who have no access to electronic accounts—this is something where middle class activists can really help and construct themselves as a movement…There are hundreds of good issues for such focused movements to work on.
All of this is also part of my notion of the Global Street. It is one of the places to meet, recognize each other, strategize, and become witnesses to historical processes, including small, specific initiatives of powerful actors that can have negative effects on some social sectors. I am not making the argument that this is a historic vanguard. It might or not. But rather, am saying that this diversifying of the occupy movements world wide is about “making” –making social justice , something we can make without also having a political platform, making a political party, having funds for organizing elections. There are many strategies. I think India has some very significant movements of this sort –by women, by farmers, by environmentalists.
You are a key figure in a long and distinguished tradition of urban sociology. Can you say why the city is a key space of research for you?
In many ways I am not an urbanist. I am interested in studying complex but open conditions or systems. And there are few conditions that are as complex and as open and mutating as a city. So the city is an extraordinary window into all kinds of missions and never more than today, because today, one of the interesting developments is that many non urban processes and actors
now have also an urban moment in their trajectories. So being in a city, being alert to its complexity and its incompleteness is a way of understanding more than the urban. Also interesting is the city’s incompleteness gives it a capacity to mutate. Think about it-- the city has outlived empires, republics, corporations and financial firms. Why? Because cities are complex but incomplete- - a financial firm might be complex but it’s closed and therein lays its capacity to go down.
One of the most important aspects of your work is your analysis of how contemporary globalization is distinctive. Can you say a little about how you understand globalization and its complex impact on how it is reorganizing society today?
I have a doctorate in economics and sociology and I think of myself as a political economist so when I started my work on the city, I did not approach it as an urban sociologist. Not at all. I was looking at global markets in insurance, finances, accounting, taxation, international commodities trading my driving question at the time was-- does all this stuff ever hit the ground. I had that question for a very specific reason which was that most people talking about globalization in the 1980s and still today is a notion of space time compression, we are all connected, place no longer matters ...a flat world etc.
So back to my question --When you are trading non-material financial instruments do you ever hit the ground, do you need a city? I was looking at macro level data about diverse electronic flows. Let me clarify: this is the time when NY and other cities became global, not simply nodes for inter-nation flows, but nodes in a global corporate economy. In the 1990s the network of global cities broadens out into a hundred or so cities. So in tracking these flows I found that particular cities are key sites for producing the complex legal, financial, accounting, insurance, etc. instruments that allow firms to operate globally. Specific cities matter for specific flows, with a limited number becoming major global cities. In the 1980s it was New York, London and Tokyo. In the 1990s, the global corporate economy became more globalized, and it added many other cities as countries and areas of the world were incorporated into this new type of global system –not simply inter-national trade and such.
Further, when I entered the actual space of the city-- my next question was can I actually see all of this? The extreme rebuilding of the centre, extreme expansion using high-end architecture and urban design to expand the space of the “centre” of the city so that what may have been a marginal space, for instance Times Square, becomes part of “the” centre of New York. And one can literally measure it- I checked out Frankfurt and other cities to measure the new expanded space of the centre, with its luxury spaces of consumption, hotels and offices. When you expand the spaces for the financial services or corporate headquarters, and more, you must ask: what you have expelled? More than three million people from their homes in the old center of Shanghai, hundreds of thousands of poor who became homeless when their neighbourhoods—housing and shops—were replaced by high-end housing and shops…. And you saw this in London and Paris, and gradually this mode of remaking spaces of the center in more and more cities. I recall in Tokyo when it was gentrifying the old centers, I was doing my research and the experts would say we don’t have homeless people but they did. So entering the city, as opposed to tracking global networks, means entering the thicket of the urban condition, and that’s where it becomes interesting for me because a larger story becomes visible, one that includes all of that which is left out when we just describe the new spatial upgrading of a city.
To understand the urban, you also need to understand the non urban, such as the global electronic networks I was tracking. That was one of my contributions, though I shouldn’t be saying this. I got criticized by urbanists for doing this. I was interested in the connection between a global complex reality and the territorial, the city, and then, as a second step, how does it alter and become visible in urban space.
How does the city mirror its diverse groups and how do you approach studying a city?
One of the things that interests me about a city is that it can be a critical moment for something digitized. It is the moment when global finance hits the ground, it makes itself visible and reachable in that it has to employ people, needs suppliers, needs housing and restaurants and shops for its employees, and so on. It is, in principle, also a vulnerable moment. It is dependent on infrastructure and connectivity, with key elements of those infrastructures physically concentrated in cities. When September 11 happened, many firms left making visible that they did not need to be in a city. But some left and had to come back, making visible that they need the city for this then was also a way of documenting that these powerful global firms need cities, and hence cities can negotiate much harder with these global firms, ask for more. Still today when this is so evident, many city leaderships act as if these global firms are doing us a favour and hence we have to be nice with them. In brief, these were some of the issues that interested me, questions of power and the limits of power… so yes, many urbanists saw me as not quite an urbanist!
The city then becomes a window on the vulnerabilities and needs of Power. Entering the space of the city became very interesting, not just the urbanism (the visual order) but also because of it making visible power, powerlessness, and how powerlessness can become complex. Also how the minoritised of a society are not just the poor - gays and queers are also minoritised- it’s not just a division between the rich and the poor. The city is also a space where they can execute a life project, make a politics for their aims. It is not only the space for finance, the powerful, etc. It is a transversal terrain. So I don’t see “the city” as an object of study that I will examine as such..”the” city. I enter a complex space . Global cities are today’s frontiers, in the sense of the wild west. This is an argument I have developed in some of my writing. The frontier in the European colonial period is at the edges of the empire. Today, the frontier is deep inside our global cities. By frontier, whether the historic or today’s I mean a space where actors from different worlds encounter each other and there are no established rules. It can evolve into a predatory space, or a cosmopolitan space. The frontier is deep inside such cities, it is not at the edge. And that opens a research agenda that is a bit unusual.
What about your study on the Global Street and the link between power and the powerless.
The question that concerns me is whether the powerless also make history. In my territory book I examined various histories, completed histories which tell us that they do, but they do so under particular conditions. One of them is that it often takes a long time, many generations of invisible work and suffering. Think of the civil rights movement in the USA: it took many generations and then suddenly one day the political system goes “Oh! Let’s give them some rights.” And the actual making of this possibility is lost—all that is visible is that formalizing moment. So it took historians and activists to get the full history of making the civil rights laws into our record. When the formalizing moment does not happen, we can lose track of it all. Secondly, it takes a particular type of space for the powerless to make history. Today one such space is the city.
It is a real issue that when the powerless do not achieve power in some visible way, that is become empowered, we do not see the hard work of powerless actors that may also have contributed to a major event that happens much later.So that’s why I was interested in discovering whether there is an in-between zone between powerlessness in the typical sense, and becoming empowered, also in the traditional sense. The Anglo way of looking at this is a bit too dualistic for my understanding of history: if you are powerless and something good happens to you, then you are empowered. This means that many struggles by the powerless that did make history but did not lead to empowerment become invisible—we bury them deep beneath the ground. I tried to identify spaces where those without power have made history, even if they never became empowered. Of course I wound up in the city as one of those spaces. The Global Street in my work is such a space where those without access to the formal instruments for making – a building, a history, a politics, a difference—can get to make. I think the Occupy Movements, the Arab Spring, and others—made history even if they did not become empowered. The Global Street, does not have to be a street –it can be an empty parking place, or whatever.
A piazza is a space that can be the destination –you go there to do something--sit and read, wander, play with your kid. And, more deeply perhaps, it is one key space in the European tradition for the making of a public sphere, where the piazza is a place for ritualized practices—there is an embedded code as to how to conduct yourself. Embedded codes make publicness, the contribute to a public sphere. But the street is also such a space for making a public sphere, though, and this matters, with less ritualized practices, more anarchic, where people bump each other as they rush by. So I think of the Global Street also as a space for making a different type of publicness, that comes from the powerless, and it not catalogued immediately or recognised as such. Think of all the practices and codes developed during the occupations of Tahrir Square, Wall Street, and the big piazzas in Spain.
You spoke of the rise of the middle class and the disconnect with the liberal state. Can you elaborate?
The liberal state is in deep decay. And the social contract of the liberal state is with the middle class, much more so than the very poor and the very rich. Today we see a first generation in the middle classes since World War II which is poorer and more hopeless than their parents and grandparents. One way of putting it is that the deal between middle class and the liberal state has broken down. Privatization of everything is one manifestation. Reduction of social benefits of all sorts is another. It is happening everywhere where you have this kind of state—which, of course can also be a military state such as Egypt insofar as it has developed a range of state supports for a vast share of the population –public schools, public hospitals, housing, retirement benefits, etc..!.
The Arab Spring and the Occupy movements are about the social question. This is an indication then also of this break down. This is not about party politics, and it is not about power. It is about the breakdown of the social contract with the state. So the Old Left says the Occupy movements don’t have a plan and no leadership. But this is not what Tahrir Square and the Occupy movements are about. Systemic change undermining the connection between state and middle class is already in process. One of my concerns is the new geographies of centrality that cut across the old divisions of national borders and North versus South, developed versus underdeveloped countries. I argue and document in my book ‘Cities in A World Economy’ the emergence of a new global class whose spaces include all kinds of cities of the global South as well as North –but only parts of those cities –the spaces of power. For instance the new global class in Sao Paolo, or New York , or Joburg, connects with the elites in many cities of the Global South and North much more than they connect with their own hinterland. New alignments are getting made, even as many aspects of the old divide still carry enormous weight –hunger, disease, housing all are still much worse in poor countries than in rich countries, no doubt.
But the network of global and other key cities is a new geography of centrality, and of power that is not marked in any conventional map but is nonetheless very real, And the members are denationalised and connect across the old traditional borders with enormous ease. But this geography has its own borders, and they are not very permeable. It is easier for a poor worker to cross the border into a rich country than to cross into this new geography of power.
The point that I am trying to make is that there might be far more radical change than is evident. The French revolution took ten years, it was not just the storming of the Bastille, the most visible moment of a long process. Before that visible moment, the elites might have known about the complaints of the masses but felt that nothing serious was going to happen even though their world was falling apart.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97205
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A service is an application component that can run some long running task in the background without the need for a user interface. Some other application component can start the service and this service will then keep on running even if the user switches to another application.
There are two types of service components
• Started : This service is started by another application component. Once started it keeps running until someone stops the service. This type of service provides several callbacks which is the topic of this tutorial.
• Bound: A service is bound when another application component invokes the bindService method. Service binding is used to perform client-server like communication between the service and the caller. These invocations can be performed between different processes as well. Multiple callers can bind to a service. The service stays active until there is atleast one caller bound to the service.
This tutorial will cover the Started service component.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97224
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Scholarship Application Help
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Hello everyone,
I am an international student from Egypt and I would like to qualify for a scholarship at my potential university in the UK. However, I am a bit unfamiliar with the wording of the British systems in general, so can somebody please explain to me what "supporting statement" means when qualifying for a scholarship? What should this supporting/additional statement include if no application is offered along with the scholarship?
Many thanks!
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Advanced Highre English Dissertation advice?
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Would I be able to write about a play and a novel for my dissertation? I was thinking Animal Farm by George Orwell and something along the lines of Lady Windermere's Fan by Oscar Wilde and commenting upon the social criticisms in both?
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The Sqa highly recommend you don't mix novels with dramas or poems etc
Look at 1984 for animal farm maybe?
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I asked my teacher about this a few days ago and she said not to, can't remember if it was that it wasn't encouraged or that you aren't allowed to
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97229
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1. Nancy Pelosi
Saying Kate is the more respectable person between John and Kate is like saying Muhammad Atta is the more respectable hijacker.
2. Nancy Pelosi
Oh and first (and second) bitches.
3. burton
her kid looks distgusted.
4. Mike
To be honest about it, I think she looks great considering having 8 kids. She is sexy to me.
5. kkat
Her ass is terrible
6. bigdawgg
fn flat ass!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7. Nancy Cuntlosi
Not a good suit for her. Something a little more cheek covering would do her well.
8. Sam
Did anyone notice that it looks like she has a tattoo over her left ankle as well.(picture 8)
9. Angie
NO BUTT on this hag
10. Dano
She has skin like a Stretch Armstrong doll.
11. “NO! Stop touching me! They’re surrounding me! Shit… let me call Javier….”
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97251
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Homemade Natural Countertop Cleaners | ThriftyFun
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By Patricia Lorenz [2]09/22/2010
One day on the Oprah show a guest scientist said that the results of scientific testing show that the best cleaner to kill bacteria is equal parts of hydrogen peroxide and apple cider vinegar. Put in a spray bottle, then spray it on, and let sit for a few minutes before wiping it off. This can be used for many things in addition to counters. The ACV smell dissapats after a few minutes. I use the solution myself in an attemp to decrease the usage of commercial cleaners in my home environment.
By Sarah Leach [8]09/22/2010
Try one cup washing soda and two cups baking soda and a few drops of tea tree oil. Use similarly to Comet, but no scratching! Tthe tee tree oil is a natural disinfectant and smells nice too. I use this myself. It'll take red Koolaid out of white counters, let me tell you.
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The best clothing stores in Boston
Looking to refresh your wardrobe? Find cool brands and designer fashion for men and women at our favorite clothing stores in the city.
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The secret’s out: Speakeasy-style Bodega is one of the best clothing stores in Boston
While there are excellent clothing stores scattered all over the city—from legendary designer emporium Louis in the Waterfront district to mix-and-match boutique Mint Julep in Harvard Square, they’re most concentrated in the South End and Back Bay. While you’re in the area, don’t overlook the upscale Copley Place mall for luxe designer boutiques and some of the city’s best department stores, including outposts of Barneys New York and Neiman Marcus.
RECOMMENDED: See the best of shopping in Boston
Louis Boston
• Critics choice
Before a branch of Barneys opened in Copley Place, this was Boston's answer to the hip New York designer temple. Having just completed a grand move to the waterfront, Louis sells carefully selected fashion, beauty products and homeware in an exquisite setting. A variety of gifts, attractively packaged foodstuffs, fashion and home accessories is artfully displayed—you might find jeweled espresso cups and vintage handbags in the mix. A central CD station is manned by a DJ, and satellite rooms are devoted to bed, bath and cult beauty products. Also included are men's and women's collections from the likes of Marni, Dries Van Noten and Jane Mayle.
1. 60 Northern Avenue, at Courthouse Way
More info
• Critics choice
A one-stop shop for the fashion-conscious male, with a good selection of smart shirts, casual jackets, shoes and cheeky belt buckles. Uniform also stocks a line of Freitag messenger bags and wallets, made from recycled truck tires, and selected shaving products (from the Art of Shaving and Jack Black).
1. 511 Tremont Street, at Dwight Street
More info
• Critics choice
1. 6 Clearway Street, at Massachusetts Avenue
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Opened by a mother-daughter duo, this South End boutique is the perfect place for ladies of all ages to try on girly wares from hard-to-find designers, with an emphasis on proprietor favorite Lauren Moffatt. Tucked away just off the main drag of Tremont Street, the shop's rustic, whimsical decor is positively enthralling.
1. 274 Shawmut Avenue, between Hanson & Milford Streets
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Shake the Tree
• Critics choice
A highly browsable combination of casual clothing from the likes of Ella Moss and Velvet, jewelry and accessories, unusual toiletries, stationery and decorative homewares such as picture frames and ceramics. Some of the items, such as hip jewelry by Flauxy and Wardmaps' mousepads, printed with 19th- and early 20th-century maps of Boston (including the North End), are locally made.
1. 95 Salem Street, at Morton Street
More info
Looking for the perfect little retro-styled dress? This jam-packed boutique is a good bet, with an almost overwhelming array of frocks in various prints and cuts by Milly, Nanette Lepore, Rebecca Taylor and Tibi, as well as separates, jeans and T-shirts from Vince, Velvet and Splendid. The house style is somewhere between well-groomed preppy and urban sophisticate.
1. 49 Charles Street, at Mount Vernon Street
More info
Mint Julep
The first branch of this women's boutique was launched by two Harvard graduates in Brookline in 2004, swiftly followed by a larger Harvard Square shop. Mint Julep offers an appealing melange of labels (both European and American), styles, prints and prices—the only unifying factor is an underlying postmodern country-club aura. You'll find lots of retro-influenced dresses, cool T-shirts and colorful accessories by the likes of Tibi, Milly, Orla Kiely and Kenzie, as well as less expensive brands.
1. 6 Church Street, at Harvard Square
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Using OpenSSL to configure SSL certificates for Apache Tomcat
posted by SpringSource on December 28, 2009 06:12 PM
This article will discuss how to use the popular open source implementation of the SSL protocol, OpenSSL, to create Certificates of Authentication (CAs) on Apache Tomcat.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a common technology that web operations teams use to allow web browsers and web servers to communicate via a secured connection. Data is encrypted by by a two-way process, where both the server and browser are capable of encrypting, transmitting, and also decrypting messages sent by the other side prior to any processing.
An important component of the SSL protocol is how the server manages authentication. During the initial attempt to communicate with a web server over a secure connection, the secured server will present the web browser with a set of credentials, known as a Certificate of Authentication or CA, as validation that the site is who and what it claims to be.
1. These steps are for Windows. You will need to modify paths, etc as necessary for your OS.
2. These steps assume no prior CA configuration. Skip the first section if you already have a CA.
3. Default passwords are used for the Java key stores. Change these to strong passwords in a production environment.
4. You should only need the Java trust store if you will be accepting client certificates generated by your CA.
5. Any client will need to import the CA cert as a trusted cert.
This process has been tested with the latest Tomcat 6.0.x source, IE 7 and FireFox 3. Older Tomcat versions may not have the trust store options. In this case the CA cert should be imported in to the JDK trust store.
Configure the CA
1. Setup the file structure for your CA
mkdir \certs
mkdir \certs\ca
cd \certs\ca
mkdir certs private newcerts
echo 1000 > serial
2. Create a blank file called index.txt in
3. Copy openssl.cnf to your certs directory
4. Edit openssl.cnf and modify the following line in the CA section
5. Edit openssl.cnf and modify the certificate defaults as appropriate for your environment
6. Create a CA with a 10-year certificate
cd \certs\ca
openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private\cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -config D:\certs\openssl.cnf
Create a host certificate
1. Create a certificate request for tomcat
cd \certs\ca
openssl req -new -nodes -out tomcathost-req.pem -keyout private\tomcathost-key.pem -config D:\certs\openssl.cnf
2. Sign the certificate request to create a 2-year certificate
openssl ca -days 730 -config D:\certs\openssl.cnf -out tomcathost-cert.pem -infiles tomcathost-req.pem
Convert certficates to Java Key Store format
1. Convert CA cert
2. Convert tomcat host key and cert
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in private\tomcathost-key.pem -inform PEM -out private\tomcathost-key.der -outform DER
openssl x509 -in tomcathost-cert.pem -inform PEM -out tomcathost-cert.der -outform DER
3. Download ImportKey.class here and copy this file to
4. Import the tomcathost key and cert in to a Java key store
java -Dkeystore=tomcathost.jks ImportKey private\tomcathost-key.der tomcathost-cert.der
5. import the CA cert in to a Java trust store
keytool -importcert -alias CA -file cacert.der -keystore trust.jks
Configure Tomcat to use the new certificate for SSL
1. Copy trust.jks and tomcathost.jks to %CATALINA_BASE%\conf
2. Modify the SSL connector in server.xml to:
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
Examples using HttpClient and Servlet
After I have followed all the example above, I need to used the Apache HttpClient and Servlet to make the connection. How can we accomplished this ? Can any body give some examples ?
Error in import
When I tried to Import the tomcathost key and cert in to a Java key store the following error occurred: certs\ca\private\tomcathost-key.der (The system c
annot find the file specified)
at Method)
at Source)
at Source)
at ImportKey.fullStream(
at ImportKey.main(
and keytool not recognized as well......
please help me out of this...
Abhishek Kr. Goel
After configuring the way it
After configuring the way it is mentioned, when I access tomcat with https://localhost:8443, it says "UNtrusted site". Did I do anything wrong in configuration?
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How to get log of a user about windows user locking a computer
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April 26, 2012 12:47:57 PM
I am searching for an application that can log on employees working time and also the number of times a user is locked the computer
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Tricia's Compilation for 'bcd counter with d flip flops'
Digital Systems
Delays Latches, Clock signal, JK Flip- flops.D flip ... subtraction, Multiplications and Division, BCD ... Counter / Shift register ICs . and Counter/Shift ...
Submitter: rlhack
The nature of the project is to allow students to develop the ...
The counter is used to provide clocks to the input storing D-flip flops. The counter and the ... After the application of the 2 nd clock pulse in the 2 bit BCD counter, it was ...
Submitter: tharikida
5-341 FAST AND LS TTL DATA PRESETTABLE BCD/DECADE UP ... 74LS190 is a synchronous UP/DOWN BCD Decade (8421) Counter ... loads the data present on the P n inputs into the flip-flops ...
Submitter: firemed
Topics Covered in First Five Sessions:
Step8: test the model of counter ... Use of D flip flops is preferable to J ... the implementation of BCD to Excess-3 converter using combinational logic and D flip-flops
Submitter: blackboy751
Slide 1 -
CLK Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 CLR Glitch Glitch Summary Asynchronous Counter Using D Flip-flops D flip ... Decade Counter Q0 Q3 Waveforms for the decade counter: Summary BCD Decade Counter ...
Submitter: reshma
Model Question Paper
14.a) A sequential circuit has two JK flip flops A and B, the inputs, X and Y and ... ii) Describe the working of a BCD ripple counter with neat circuit diagram.
Submitter: tilly
Logic Design Flip Flops, Registers and Counters
Copyright S. Shirani BCD counter In a BCD counter, the counter should be ... the previous counters the count is indicated by the state of the flip-flops in the counter ...
Submitter: buywowgoldwis
Lecture 13: Sequential Logic: Counters and Registers
Counters with MOD no. u003C 2n Asynchronous decade/BCD counter (contd ... Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-flops, or JK flip-flops with ...
Submitter: amoguebub
... state, therefore the next pulse will cause the FF to complement BCD ripple counter ... bit register constructed with four positive edge-triggered D-type flip-flops with ...
Submitter: idan
Designing a 4-bit binary synchronous counter with D flip-flops
Designing a 4-bit binary synchronous counter with D flip-flops By Darren Wiessner Extra Credit assignment for exam 2 The first thing we need to do in designing a 4 ...
Submitter: pouchepouse
Rewire the 7476 J-K flip-flops to get the down counter ... mod-10 ripple up counter as drawn in class. Use 4 J-K flip flops (2 7476s) and 1 7400. 11. Attach the 7447 BCD-to ...
Submitter: x-lesha-x
Presettable synchronous BCD decade counter; asynchronous reset
74HC/HCT160 Presettable synchronous BCD decade counter; asynchronous reset Presettable ... A LOW level at the master reset input (MR) sets all four outputs of the flip-flops ...
Submitter: skique
The 74LS47 BCD to 7-segment decoder will drive a 7-segment LED display to ... Design a simple 4-bit Ring Counter by using D flip-flops. The counter should count in the ...
Submitter: arun10489
Three Other Types of Counters (BCD Counter, Ring Counter, Johnson ...
We will show how the counter circuits can be designed using D flip-flops. ... BCD In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD ...
Submitter: jonjon
EXPERIMENT 8 Introduction to Digital Circuits: Timing, Gates, Flip ...
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Counters A synchronous ... as the discrete component BCD counter shown in Figure 12. This monolithic counter contains four master-slave flip-flops ...
Submitter: atheez
Learning Objectives:
... up and down counters based on D-type flip-flops; design 4-bit modulo-n counters and binary coded decimal ... to make a 3-bit binary up-counter. [3] D-type flip-flops are ...
Submitter: arcaro
BCD Counter FPGA ... D flip-flop. D flip-flopRS flip-flop ... combinational circuit)(flip-flops)
Submitter: slazenby
Chapter 2 - Part 1 - PPT - Mano Kime - 2nd Ed
... and Count = 1 The resulting function table: Design Example: Synchronous BCD Use the sequential logic model to design a synchronous BCD counter with D flip-flops State ...
Submitter: baer555
Design the counter using JK flip flops. Chapter 6 - Fall 10 * Question Design a counter ... Counters Ripple Counters Ripple Counters Up-Down Counter BCD Counter BCD ...
Submitter: miroa8
D Flip Flops : Master Slave JK Flip Flop RS Flip Flop Using NAND Gate ... Decade (BCD) Counter IC 7490 : Applications Of Counters Comparisons
Submitter: encoccabbegag
ECE 301 Digital Electronics
Modulo-6 Counter: D Flip-Flops . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 0 . 1 . Clock . Count . Q . 0 ... BCD Counter: D Flip-Flops . Synchronous. Counter
Submitter: call-me-don
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Ellis Edwards
Mostly Credited As: Ellis Edwards
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Baywatch (1989)
Baywatch at Sea World 07x20: (Apr/28/1997) As Man on Boat
To Everything There Is a Season 06x05: (Oct/23/1995) As Drunk Boat-Driver
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Profiles of Faith: James - Half Brother of Jesus
James - Half Brother of Jesus
James apparently became the overseeing pastor of the Jerusalem church ( Acts 15:13-21).
Source: Illustration by Michael Woodruff
While James grew up in the same house with Jesus in Nazareth, he was miles apart from Jesus' thinking for the early part of his life.
James did not grow up a believer (John:7:5). Though Jesus and James had the same mother, Jesus was the son not of Joseph, as James was, but of God the Father Himself—a fact that wouldn't fully sink into James'mind for years. It wasn't until Jesus' resurrection and His appearance to James and the disciples that James finally really understood who his half brother was.
After Jesus' instructions recorded in Acts:1:4, James accompanied the apostles, the women who had followed Jesus, his mother and his brothers to the upper room, where they prayed and waited patiently for the gift of the Holy Spirit (verse 14). James was present when God sent the Holy Spirit to the small group, at which point the New Testament Church was born (Acts:1:14; 2:1).
From Jesus' resurrection on, James gave himself entirely to God and soon became an important figure in the early Church. His role was so important that Peter told others to report to James of his miraculous release from prison (Acts:12:17; Galatians:1:19). He apparently became the overseeing pastor of the Jerusalem church, because in Acts:15:13-21 we see him making the final declaration during this early ministerial conference.
The apostle Paul, after his conversion, met with Peter and James before seeing any of the other apostles (Galatians:1:18-19). Later we see James advising Paul, and Paul then acting on that advice (Acts:21:18-26).
The family of Jesus
Jesus grew up in a sizable family that included four half brothers—James, Joses, Simon and Judas (who would later write the epistle of Jude)—and "His sisters," showing there were at least two (Matthew:13:55-56).
Because the names of Christ's brothers are passed down to us in their Greek forms, it's easy to lose sight of how typically Jewish Jesus' family was. Jesus Himself was Jewish (Hebrew 7:14), because both Mary and Joseph were descended from the Israelite tribe of Judah (Matthew:1:1-16; Luke:3:23- 38). Jesus' Hebrew name Yeshua (or Joshua)—the same as the Israelite hero who conquered the Promised Land—means "God is salvation" (see Matthew:1:21).
The name of Jesus' mother, Mary, is a shortened form of Miriam , the sister of Moses and Aaron. Joseph ( Yosef in Hebrew), Jesus' stepfather, was ultimately named for the Hebrew patriarch Joseph , one of the 12 sons of Jacob and father of the Israelite tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
As for Jesus' half brothers, James is the anglicized Greek form of the Hebrew Ya'akov, or Jacob, the same name as that of the Hebrew patriarch who was the son of Isaac and the grandson of Abraham. Joses is another form of Joseph. Simon's Hebrew name was Simeon, the name of another of Jacob's sons and father of one of the 12 tribes of Israel.
The Hebrew name of Judas (or Jude) was Yehudah (rendered Judah in English), the name of another of Jacob's 12 sons, from which the word Jew is derived. The popularity of these names is evident in that all of them are used, often repeatedly, for other people mentioned in the New Testament.
James sees the light
Throughout Jesus' ministry His half brother James, along with the other three brothers, didn't give Jesus the respect due Him (John:7:3-5). It appears they thought He was not thinking clearly, and perhaps they wanted Him gone from their home (Mark:3:21, 31-35). James and Jesus' other brothers showed Him no honor, which saddened Jesus, who spoke from personal experience when He said, "Only in his hometown, among his relatives and in his own house is a prophet without honor" (Mark:6:4, New International Version, emphasis added throughout).
Even at His death Jesus entrusted the care of His mother, Mary, not to His half brothers but to His disciple and close friend John (John:19:26-27). As The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia explains: "A bond of fellowship had . . . been established between John and Mary that was closer than her nearer blood relationship with her own sons, who up to this time had regarded the course of Jesus with disapproval, and had no sympathy with his mission. In the home of John she would find consolation for her loss, as the memories of the wonderful life of her son would be recalled . . ." (1979, "Brothers of the Lord").
However, after Jesus' resurrection James and his brothers joined the company of believers, now convinced Jesus was indeed the promised Messiah and Son of God (Acts:1:14). A special appearance by Jesus to James, mentioned only in 1 Corinthians:15:7, probably played a major part in James' change of heart.
When James wrote his epistle some 30 years later, his humility is evident by the way he saw himself: "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (James:1:1). James identified himself as the servant of Jesus rather than as a close relative.
He was not willing to boast that he was half brother of the Son of God. He may also have remembered how shamefully he had treated Jesus by rejecting Him in previous years. Jude identified himself similarly, while also identifying himself as a brother of James (Jude 1).
The epistle of James
In many ways James' epistle resembles Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, loaded as it is with encouragement and filled with gems to help build Christian character.
The second-century writer and historian Hegesippus referred to Jesus' brother as James the Just and characterized him as zealous for the law of God. Many statements from James' letter prove Hegesippus was right; it represents a book of Christian proverbs that cover subjects that touch many aspects of Christian life.
Hegesippus wrote that James' knees resembled those of a camel because the skin on his knees became callused from spending hours each day in prayer. We can't know for sure whether this description is accurate, but we do know that James encouraged Christians to pray faithfully. He cited the example of the prophet Elijah: "Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it would not rain; and it did not rain on the land for three years and six months. And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth produced its fruit" (James:5:17- 18). James preached what he practiced and practiced what he preached.
Indeed, James was crystal-clear about another subject fundamental to true Christianity—that a Christian must prove his faith by his actions—"works"—and that works perfect one's faith. "You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only," he wrote (James:2:24).
Today we might say "put your money where your mouth is" or "talk is cheap; prove your words by your actions." Jesus said people would recognize His disciples by God's love expressed through them (John:13:35). Similarly, James said Christ's disciples would prove their faith by their works (James 2). Talking about Christianity is one thing. Acting on it is quite another. James lived by his brother's teachings and taught other Church members to do the same.
Themes of James' epistle
James wrote his countrymen-the 12 scattered tribes of Israel (James:1:1)-giving practical instruction about Christian life. He taught about wisdom and careful use of the tongue and reminded them that true godly service consists of active love and purity (verse 27). He wrote at length about patience —patience in trial (verse 2), patience in good works (verses 22-25), patience under provocation (3:1-7), patience under oppression (5:7), patience under persecution (verse 10). The foundation of patience, he wrote, is the knowledge that Christ will come to right all wrongs (verse 8).
He taught godly wisdom. "If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all liberally and without reproach, and it will be given to him," he wrote (James:1:5).
When we ask, we must believe beyond any doubt that what God has promised He will deliver. God is pleased to freely give to anyone who truly believes He is able to deliver on His promises. "But let him ask in faith, with no doubting," James wrote, "for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, driven and tossed by the wind . . . He is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways" (James:1:6-8).
James addressed a crucially important topic, sin . Today the world has developed a bad habit of scorning anyone who speaks of sin. Yet God scorns anyone who refuses to stand against it. James tells us how sin develops and where it leads. It begins with lust, the desire to have or do something we should not have or do (James:1:14). If we don't control our thoughts, our desires eventually develop into sinful actions. When such desires are full grown—when they start controlling us rather than our controlling them—sin ends in the ultimate penalty of eternal death (verse 15).
True religion revealed
The epistle of James presents many problems to those who hold to the view that Jesus taught we no longer need to keep God's laws, or that those laws were somehow abolished at Christ's death and resurrection. But, if anyone knew how Jesus lived and what He taught and believed, it was James, a member of Christ's own household.
James repeatedly upholds the need to keep God's laws, emphasizing the Ten Commandments. He refers to God's law not as something unnecessary or optional, but as "the royal law" (James:2:8). He specifically mentions several of the Ten Commandments, then calls them " the law of liberty " (verses 11-12).
Why that designation? Because James understood that only by obeying God's laws can mankind experience true freedom —freedom from want, sorrow and suffering, from the degrading and painful consequences of sin. He encourages each of us to be a "doer of the law" (James:4:11).
James drew an analogy of looking into a mirror to make his point about the importance of God's Ten Commandments. "For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror; for he observes himself, goes away, and immediately forgets what kind of man he was. But he who looks into the perfect law of liberty and continues in it , and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work, this one will be blessed in what he does " (James:1:23-25).
In other words, said James, we should look into the perfect law of liberty and evaluate where we stand in relation to God's holy, spiritual laws, which help us understand what sin is (Romans:7:7, 12). When we look into a mirror and scrutinize our physical appearance, we may see a smudge on our face or a hair out of place. Yet, if we put the mirror away, we tend to forget our imperfections rather quickly because they are no longer visible to us. James shows how this physical analogy reflects an empty Christianity that requires nothing of us beyond mere belief (James:1:26-27).
James tells us that God's law shows our internal imperfections—those of the heart and mind. God's perfect law of liberty, including the Ten Commandments, is like a spiritual mirror we can look into and see ourselves for what we are. We must never put this mirror away; we must keep it ever in mind to motivate us to deal with our imperfections. James was saying, in effect, that we can't simply talk Christianity; we must live it. Mere talk accomplishes nothing. (To learn why God's law and the need to change are so important, be sure to request your free copies of the booklets The Ten Commandments and Transforming Your Life: The Process of Conversion .)
James' living faith
Not long after writing his epistle, James was martyred in Jerusalem in A.D. 62. According to the first-century Jewish historian Josephus, James was accused by the high priest and condemned to death by stoning ( Antiquities of the Jews , Book 20, chap. 9, sec. 1). Eusebius, a fourth-century church historian, adds details of James' death. He states that the scribes and Pharisees took James to a public place, the top of a wing of the temple, and "demanded that he should renounce the faith of Christ before all the people . . ." But, rather than deny Jesus, James "declared himself fully before the whole multitude, and confessed that Jesus Christ was the Son of God, our Savior and Lord" ( Ecclesiastical History , 1995, pp. 75-76).
Hegesippus tells us that at this point "they went up and threw down the just man [from the temple height], and said to each other, 'Let us stone James the Just.'And they began to stone him, for he was not killed by the fall, but he knelt down and said, 'I entreat thee, Lord God our Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do' [thus following his brother's example to the last]. One of them, who was a fuller, took the club with which he beat out clothes and struck the just man on the head. And thus he suffered martyrdom" (quoted in Biblical Archaeology Review , November-December 2002, p. 32).
Amazingly, scholars have recently announced an incredible discovery—what appears to be the actual limestone box in which James' bones were entombed after his death (see "Surprising Archaeological Find: Proof of Jesus' Existence?," beginning on page 20). As the younger half brother of Jesus, for years James had trouble believing Jesus was the very Son of God. But Christ's crucifixion and resurrection changed all that. Seeing the one he knew so well killed and then raised to life again was a life-transforming experience for James. No longer was he miles apart from Jesus; now he was truly a spiritual brother to Jesus, bound to Him through faith and God's Spirit.
James finally came to realize that Jesus had given His life for him. When the time came, James confidently and faithfully gave his life for the brother he had once rejected.
James taught about faith, telling us that true faith is demonstrated by what we are, how we live and what we do. "For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also," he wrote (James:2:26).
His life and death were a shining example of what it means to live—and die—by true faith. Of course, that is not the end, for James the Just will be brought back to life at the resurrection of the just when Christ returns, when he will continue to follow His brother's perfect example through all eternity. May we all do the same. GN
MissBBalogun's picture
This is so informative... I love it, so awesome!!! Thank you & God bless!!! :) x
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97415
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Dose Measurements (Gamma)
Bicron RSO-50
The Bicron RSO-50 is an air-vented ion chamber instrument that detects and measures photons and beta radiation.
ion-bicronrso50Range: 0-50000mR/hr
Radiation Detected: photons from 12 keV to 7 Mev window open; 25 keV to 7 MeV for window closed; 40 keV to 7 MeV through the side; Measures beta energies > 70 keV
Detector: Internal, tissue equivalent, organic scintillator
Warm Up Time: None
Temperature: Operational from -40°F to 140°F Humidity: <5% change in reading from 10% to 95% RH
Geotropism: Within +2% of full scale
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97419
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Johanna Söderberg (left) and sister Klara of Swedish indie folk duo First Aid Kit, photographed by Cici Olsson.
First Aid Kit
Healing From Sweden
Oct 18, 2010 Web Exclusive
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Klara Söderberg of First Aid Kit would like people to know that she and her sister Johanna were an active duo performing shows in Sweden before folks in the U.S. discovered them through their cover of Fleet Foxes' "Tiger Mountain Peasant Song" on YouTube. "I don't want them to think we were not making music and then did the Fleet Foxes cover and were like, 'Oh, we can make music,'" Klara explains. "We've always been doing our own songs, and that has been the main thing."
The video has registered more than 1.5 million views since being uploaded in the summer of 2008, when Klara was 15 years old and Johanna 17. But Klara has been writing songs since she was 13, and, before filming the Fleet Foxes cover, First Aid Kit already had its first EP, Drunken Trees, out on Karin Dreijer Andersson's (The Knife, Fever Ray) Rabid Records label. In 2009, London's Wichita Recordings released an enhanced version of the EP that included the "Tiger Mountain Peasant Song" video.
Earlier this year, First Aid Kit released its debut LP The Big Black & the Blue and headlined its first tour of the U.S. The duo recently released the album track "Ghost Town" as a single with a cover of Fever Ray's "When I Grow Up" as the B-side. With three new songs in their repertoire ("I Just Needed a Friend," an untitled, and the spirited, keyboard-laden "The Lion's Roar"), the sisters currently are headlining their second tour of North America and making their way to the CMJ Music Marathon this weekend.
Influenced by country, folk and rock acts ranging from The Carter Family to Bob Dylan to Bright Eyes, First Aid Kit's acoustic-driven music is distinguished by the Söderbergs' accomplished melodies, arresting vocal harmonies, and the timeless iconography (ships, railroad tracks) in their lyrics.
The sisters' father, Benkt, played guitar in the '80s postpunk/new wave Swedish band Lolita Pop, which released eight albums over the course of about a decade. The band disbanded around the time of Johanna's birth, and Benkt went on to pursue academics. He's now a teacher but has co-produced, recorded and mixed his daughters' music at their home studio in Enskede, a district of South Stockholm.
Under the Radar spoke with Johanna and Klara Söderberg in the late spring for an article on young musicians in the Summer 2010 issue, in which the singer/songwriters discussed their parents, the challenges of being teen musicians on tour, and the difficulty of balancing school with music. We followed up with the sisters in Los Angeles in early October. Over the phone, their English revealed little, if any, trace of a Swedish accent. In person, even more striking is how tall they are. The following transcription is a composite of the two interviews.
While you were growing up, were your music tastes influenced by your parents?
Johanna: I think so, although I don't really know to what extent or how. But I remember they played Patti Smith and Velvet Underground and Pixies, and I think that sort of influenced us, although now we decide what music we listen to as a family, and they sort of follow what we listen
Klara: Yeah, but they're very open.
Were your music tastes much different from your friends?
Klara: Not when we were growing up. 'Cause you just kind of listen to what your friends are listening to. When you're a kid, you do that. Most people do, at least, and we did. But definitely when we started listening to folk music I have friends who listen to that, but in school no one listened to that kind of music. That was very rare, I think.
Johanna: Yeah, and especially this older country, like Carter Family. People would listen to that and laugh. So we definitely felt like outsiders.
How did you find that stuff?
Klara: Well, I guess it was through the band Bright Eyes, which I heard when I was 12, and it kind of changed the way I looked at music. 'Cause that music, for me, felt so honest and sincere, and the music you hear on the radio is made to be on the radio. It's made to be hits. But it just felt like that music was written for the joy of making music. And I really loved that idea. I hadn't really experienced that before. And I just found that you could listen to music in such another way, where you really felt something from listening to it. That was the beauty I saw in that, so I just started looking for similar music, Conor Oberst influences. And I found Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, and then I just looked at their influences. And I found Carter Family and Bill Monroe and the Louvin Brothers, so it's a great way to find good music, looking up the influences of bands you like.
How did you find Bright Eyes when you were 12?
Klara: That was a friend of mine, same age as me, who said that I should listen to that, which I am very grateful that he did tell me to do that. And yeah, I just listened and fell in love with that music.
Johanna, when Klara was discovering music, what kind of things were you into?
Johanna: I don't really know. I was kinda into German techno.
Klara: I think you were just trying to find who you were, I guess.
Johanna: I don't know who I am. I'm not really like, I only listen to country. I like a lot of stuff. But with Bright Eyes, it was his voice. I thought it was really annoying. And I thought you were so obsessed with it, I couldn't take that. Sorry.
[Klara shows disapproval.]
Klara: And then you realized it's amazing.
Johanna: Yeah. I think I just wanted to have my own thing and not to be part of what you were doing. I just wanted to have my own identity.
Klara: But then
Johanna: But then I realized the music was really good, actually. Gradually, I started to accept it and listened to it for what it is and not just thinking, "This is Klara's thing." I think that when I started singing harmonies, that's when I really wanted to do this. We both realized that it gave us something special.
Johanna, is Klara a very persuasive person?
Johanna: Mmm, not really.
Klara: Wait, what do you mean?
Johanna: You didn't really persuade me. It was my own will.
Klara: No, but I'm definitely like, if I find new music, I tell everyone about it.
Johanna: Yes, you're very loud.
Klara: Yeah, I am. And if I like something, I will be obsessed about it. I will know every little detail about this new band that I like, and it's kind of scary. [Sighs] But I can't help it.
Usually it's the older sibling that influences the younger sibling.
Johanna: I think it's been like that a lot. When we were kids, I think, I influenced you a lot. It's just like this one thing where you started out with it first, and it's become really big, so it feels like you're more influential than you actually are. But I think we've been together, I think, more than regular siblings. We've had a really tight relationship since you were born, so it's hard to separate us like that. We're so similar.
When did you first start playing instruments?
Klara: I got my first guitar when I was 13, so that's when I started playing. And Johanna, you've been
Johanna: Wait, how old was I? [Laughs] 17.
How did you settle on the name First Aid Kit?
Klara: It's not a great story. I was 13, young and naïve and looking through a dictionary, looking for a name. Like I wanted something, if I would ever make music, I wanted to have a name for it, and I found First Aid Kit and just liked the meaning of it. I think music should be like a consolation to help you get through everyday life, and it does for me. I thought, if I ever make music, that's what I want my music to do. And when we started making music, it kinda stuck around.
Klara, this started as a solo project for you?
Klara: It kinda started as a solo thing. And then Johanna started singing harmonies, and we just realized how important they were. And then we thought we needed something more, so we got a keyboard for Johanna, and I taught her to play. And then the autoharp. We started writing songs more together, and it evolved more into a duo.
So you first started writing songs shortly after picking up instruments?
Klara: Yes, we did. We've always been very interested in music and we've been singing for a very long time, and the thought of actually working in the music business has always been a dream for us, but it gradually became more and more real. When I started writing songs, I didn't have really any plan. I was just writing, and then suddenly we had shows. It just happened very, very fast. When I learned three chords, I wrote the first song. And then I taught myself two more chords and I wrote another song. So it's pretty much how it worked.
Do you write songs together?
Johanna: Yes.
Klara: Yes. It's kind of mixed, the way we write. Sometimes we write together, sometimes I write alone, so it's different for each and every song.
When you write together, how does that dynamic work? Do the roles change in terms of lyrics and instruments?
Johanna: We usually do the lyrics together if we write the song together. We don't have [a rule where] Klara always does the lyrics and I do the melody. We do both together. And I'm always involved. Even if Klara writes a song on her own, I'm always there.
Klara: And also, in terms of arrangements, Johanna's involved in that. Even if I would write a song myself, Johanna is still such a big part of it, and it wouldn't sound at all like it does.
I think it's interesting that you're able to write lyrics together. That's unique.
Klara: Yeah, we're just one mind. [Laughs] We do argue about the lyrics, but we have a similar taste in writing. And it's good 'cause, Johanna, when I write, she doesn't really criticize me. Right?
Johanna: Nope.
Klara: She seems to like what I do. Sometimes I end up writing a song myself, 'cause it can be a very personal thing, where you write about something that has happened to you, and it's hard to write that together. But we write a lot of songs that are not autobiographical; it helps a lot to be two people.
Johanna: You can definitely tell a story being two people. We're so close, as sisters as well, and we've had similar experiences. It's just very easy for us.
So what influences the lyrics when they're not autobiographical?
Klara: Everything. [It's not like] we read certain books and then we write about the story we've read about. It's more like, it kind of comes in the moment, and we feel like, "OK, now I want to write a song about this." It's really hard to explain, and especially when you're not writing, it's like, "What am I going to write a song about? What could I possibly write about?" And then suddenly a song is in your head or a lyric, and you just write, and it comes very naturally. And you realize that you're writing about something that you may not have experienced, but you still have the feeling of the song and the emotion of the song. You just feel that, and you want to get that path, and you do that by telling a story.
In our interview at the beginning of summer, you mentioned that your father is a history and religion teacher, but he's taken time off to accompany you on tour. Is he still touring with you?
Johanna: He's taken like a year off, two years off now, so I think he can't take anymore years off and he has to go back, but we'll see what happens. We really like having him on the road with us.
Klara: It's been really great, I think, just starting up, having him with us. And I also think that he has seen that we can
Johanna: Do it on our own.
Klara: Yeah, I think so. The thing is, he's so great at what he's doing with sound.
Johanna: He knows all our songs in and out, so he knows every single line. He's like a compressor with our harmonies and everything, how it should be. He works with the levels all the time. He's just really involved.
In the previous interview, you mentioned how, although your father teaches religion, you were not raised religious. On "Hard Believer," are you taking a shot at religion?
Klara: Yes! Definitely. There have been some rumors going on YouTube that it's about me being gay, which is not true. It's very strange, 'cause I've been reading some of the comments, which I guess we really shouldn't do, but it's funny how people kinda make stuff up like that. And it's not that I generally mind. It's just very strange reading it, like, "Oh, I'm gay?! OK."
Johanna: But it's about your friend not being able to accept that
So you had a friend that wasn't able to accept
Klara: I have a friend who was very religious, and we just had long discussions about religion. And I kind of wrote it just to him, to show him what I thought about it. I think he was kinda honored that I wrote a song about him, but he didn't really know what to think about the overall theme of the song.
What inspired "I Met Up With the King"?
Johanna: Bob Dylan.
Klara: Bob Dylan. Just listening a lot to Bob Dylan and then wanting to write a Bob Dylan song, and that was what we came up with, I guess. A lot of our songs are stories that we make up, and we don't really know where they come from. It's like writing a story; you just make things up.
Johanna and Klara Söderberg of First Aid Kit, photographed by Angel Ceballos.
Have any U.S. cities or locations been surprising discoveries for you?
Klara: In Sweden and the rest of Europe, we see all the Hollywood films. We're surrounded by American culture. So, New York, even though I hadn't been there, it was already a place that I knew very well. A lot of places have been the way we thought they would be because we've seen them so many times before. Everything feels very familiar in a lot of ways. We really love Portland. We were in San Francisco two days ago, and that was really great.
Johanna: We were at Walmart in Oregon and randomly on the road, and that was really interesting, I think, just 'cause of how the people looked. It was so different from people in Stockholm, [where] it's like walking around in a fashion book. They think so much about how they look and how they appear. It's really good to be in an environment where people just don't care.
Klara: It's really nice, actually.
Johanna: Yeah, I really like it, just not having to be so anxious all the time.
Do you have any other siblings?
Klara: We have a wonderful, amazing brother who's only six years old, and he's the sweetest thing in the world.
Where is he?
Klara: He's in Sweden with our mom.
Where do you get your height?
Klara: Our parents.
Johanna: People in Sweden are quite tall. I think it has something to do with the diet. We eat real good food.
Klara: Yeah, that could be it. I mean, it's in our family, but I'm not that tall.
You're much taller than average.
Klara: Yeah, but I'm allergic to gluten, so when I was 10, I learned that, and I stopped eating gluten, and I grew a lot. I think that if I had known that earlier, maybe I would be taller.
Something that struck me over the phone was how little trace of accents you have. You could pass for Americans here. That's not typical yet for Swedes, is it?
Johanna: We went to an English school.
Klara: Yeah, but I've always had this accent.
Johanna: No you haven't.
Klara: Yes, I have.
Johanna: Absolutely not. When you started school, your accent wasn't like this at all. It was very Swedish.
Klara: It was?
Johanna: You can't remember, but it wasn't like this at all.
Klara: It wasn't?
Johanna: No.
Klara: When did I get this accent?
Johanna: Gradually, like when you started. I think it happens really quickly, like when you're 11 years old. You just learn so fast.
Klara: Hmm. And also, I guess, it's because we've been so surrounded by American culture, like I said before, so, to me, to us, English, this is the way it sounds.
Johanna: I think the sole reason is that we went to an English school.
Klara: OK.
Johanna: Our friends, they're the same. They watch just as many American TV shows, but they still don't have those accents.
Klara: Yeah, that's true.
Johanna: So, it's because we went to those schools.
Klara: OK. OK! You wiiin! High five.
Johanna: Sorry, Klara.
Klara: It's OK.
Johanna: I remember a German journalist, he got very angry because we didn't have any accents. He thought it was like we were pretending to be something we're not.
Klara: Yeah, it was really weird, actually. He was kinda like mad at me, and just like, "Why don't you have a Swedish accent?" And I was like, [methodically] "I can't explain it. This is the way we sing and the way we speak." It just comes natural.
And you know other languages, right?
Klara: Well, Johanna knows Japanese, and we both took French for four years, but I'm not good at it at all. If someone French speaks to me, I don't understand a word. But if I read it, I can understand.
Johanna: In Sweden, you have to understand Norwegian and Danish and German as well. So, it's really good.
What's your favorite Lolita Pop song?
Klara: I remember, they had this one song called "Tarzan on a Big Red Scooter," that we used to listen to a lot when I was a kid. We used to dance to it.
Johanna: That's one of dad's songs.
Klara: Yeah, he wrote that. [breaking into song] Tarzan on a big red scooter
[Johanna joins in]
Run me down like a rolling stone/ Run me down like a stone
Clever with words, my friend, like a Dictaphone
Tell me what you're thinking of when you're on your own
Honey, I'm just killing time and it dies real slow
Klara: OK, whatever, yeah.
[Singing turns to laughter]
Klara: Ah, he would be embarrassed if he saw that.
Your voices are actually pretty distinct from each other. How do you decide who sings what?
Johanna: Usually I just do the harmonies, 'cause
Klara: Two reasons. One is that I usually start off the songs, so it's just naturally me who sings the songs. And second is I'm very bad at harmonies. I'm learning but not very good at it.
Johanna: My register is a bit low. I'm better singing lower, so I sing songs which are low. Usually my harmonies are really high, but I feel more comfortable singing the lower parts, I guess. But we're thinking about, like the next record, we're gonna have a lot more, 'cause Klara's getting better at doing harmonies, so we're gonna switch a lot more.
Klara: We listen to Louvin Brothers, and I heard this one song where they were mixing up every other line and then doing a harmony. It was amazing, and you didn't really know who was doing what. And I just love that, and we can do that. So we should really utilize that.
A lot of folks first discovered you through your cover of Fleet Foxes' "Tiger Mountain Peasant Song" on YouTube. Had you posted anything on YouTube prior to that?
Klara: No. We had our MySpace, but we didn't have anything on YouTube.
Was the response to it very quick?
Klara: Yeah, sure. The fact was that the band themselves actually heard the cover the day after we put it out. The fact that they even heard it, that's just amazing.
How did you learn that Fleet Foxes saw the video?
Klara: We wrote to them on MySpace saying, "Hey, we did a cover of your song." We just thought someone who was visiting their MySpace might see it. We didn't think that the actual band might see it. That was not in our heads. Then, the day after, they wrote back to us, and they were so positive.
Johanna: I woke up, and I was like, "Klara! They answered!"
Klara: And I was like, [Johanna mimics screaming] "What, are you serious?!"
Johanna: They were like our favorite band at that moment, and we listened to that record like every day for months, so it was huge. And then when the views started accelerating, it was
Klara: It was so crazy.
Whose idea was it?
Johanna: It was Klara's idea to do the cover in the first place and my idea to go out and film it.
Klara: It's a shared effort.
Did you film a bunch of songs or just the one at that time?
Johanna: One song. I think we did two takes, and that's the second one. We just put it out exactly like it is, no editing or anything.
Did you post it the same day or a day later?
Johanna: A few hours after we made it.
Where was it that you shot it?
Johanna: It's a tiny, tiny forest just a few minutes from our house.
So within 24 hours of you filming the performance in Sweden, Fleet Foxes saw it in the States? It's pretty cool to be making music in this technological era, isn't it?
Klara: For sure, how you can reach people in so many ways and so easily, it's insane, really.
What kind of hobbies do you have outside of music?
Johanna: I'm very into language, so I try to study Japanese. And I'm also obsessed with airplane crashes. I watch a lot of Air Crash Investigation episodes.
Klara: It's really great, because we travel a lot by airplane, and Johanna, whenever we get into an airplane, she goes, "Oh, this model crashed and blah blah blah and these many people died."
Johanna: I read a lot about airplane safety. I'm very into that, aviation. And I think we're very into film as well, all sorts of forms of art, culture.
Klara: I love poetry, I love film. I love reading. That's what I do. I don't do any sports or anything like that. I like walking and looking at things. I like photographs but I'm a terrible photographer. I love looking at photographs and wish I could take them.
Which musician or band would you most like to share a bill with?
Johanna: Bright Eyes?
Klara: Yeah, I mean there are tons. Alive or dead?
Johanna: Joanna Newsom, maybe.
Klara: Yeah, that would be pretty darn cool. I'm trying to think of people, bands that are still alive. I can't think of any. The Carter Family, how cool would be?
How did Karin Dreijer Andersson and Rabid Records become aware of you?
Johanna: Our brother went to the same kindergarten as her daughter. And our mom just started talking to her about, like, "My daughters are making music. They have a MySpace, you should listen." And she went to one of our shows. And she was just really into it, and she started coming home to us and helping us. We had gotten some record deals, and she sat there and gave us her advice. And then I think, after a while, she realized it would be best if she released our EP to give us a good start, and to be able make music through our own terms. Because we had gotten a 360 degrees contract, where they just wanted to make money.
Klara: It was like everything. They wanted to
Johanna: exploit us, really.
Klara: Yeah, one thing was like, "The band and the label decide how the cover should look, but the label have the last say." So they actually decide. It was like, we can discuss, but the label decides. It was just one of those things that I was just like, "No. No way." And she saw that, and she was just like, "I'm gonna give you a fair deal where I'm not gonna take advantage of you. I'm just gonna help you get this album out." She's been so much help to us.
Johanna: She gave us the best possible start we could ever have, I think. She started out really youngwhen she was 16as well with Honey Is Cool, her first band. And I think she just had a really difficult time then. She just didn't want that to happen to us.
What made "When I Grow Up" a good song to cover?
Johanna and Klara together: It's an amazing song.
Johanna: It's one of the best, I think, on the record. I just think that she's, if you ignore her style She has a very strong concept, but in the end, her songs are so amazing. Jose Gonzalez did an acoustic version of [the Knife's] "Heartbeats." And I think that kind of inspired us to do an acoustic version of her song. But I think it's also a tribute to her, to what she's done to us. I listened to her music so much before we got the record deal, so that was one of the happiest days of my life when she was going to release it. She's so great.
Klara: Yeah, and such a role model to us. It was so great to just be able to do her song and give something back to her.
When we talked to Lykke Li a couple years back, she talked about how, when she was 16, she was planning her escape from Stockholm and couldn't wait to get out. Have you felt any similar kind of angst?
Johanna: Not really. Like, right now, I just wanna get back to Stockholm and hang out with my family because we've been traveling so much. I think all this happened so quickly, 'cause we were so young, we haven't had time to think about or have any angst. We were never like rebellious kids or anything. We always got along with our parents and everything and just enjoyed it.
Klara: I don't think that's coming anytime soon.
Johanna: No, we're happy.
Klara: We're happy. [Laughs] That's so scary.
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February 24th 2012
Haha I really enjoyed this interview! It’s very interesting, and Johanna & Klara seem very kind en nice! (Which they really are, I met them in real life, in Paradijskerk Rotterdam when I got a signature on my cellphone, and went on the pic with them. They really took the time to make a short conversation with their fans! So I really like them!) Their music is simply awesome, I love every single instrument and every song, and I’d love to see them again.
Johanna & Klara, if you’re reading this: come to the Netherlands soon again. Oh and I’m so glad I bought their CD ‘The Lion’s Roar’, it’s amazing, I listen to it 24/7 haha :) I like it a lot that the lyrics are inside, and because of the CD I know which guitar Klara uses! :D
Anyways, I talk way too much..although I know I can talk years and years about the music from the First Aid Kit, and about themselves haha.
Love the music, enjoyed this interview, I’ll cherish the album forever, and I’ll love this music and I’ll love Johanna en Klara forever.
Much love, of a 14-years old girl from the Netherlands.
Big fan! <3
June 21st 2014
Wow I wasn’t gonna comment really but I read the other comment on here and what a coincidence that I live in Rotterdam as well :) I have been a fan of First Aid Kit for years but sadly never seen them live. I will though, in november in Amsterdam! I am so excited for the show. The new album which came out this month is amazing :)
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97436
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look up any word, like guncle:
That guy that, if the world were fair, would be morbidly obese, but is instead about as thin as dental floss.
His name is derived from what everyone would refer to him as if he wasn't blessed with unprecedented supermetabolism.
His behavior is characterized by, but not limited to, eating an entire gallon of ice cream while sitting on his ass and watching TV; eating 3 bags of Doritos while sitting on his ass and watching TV; drinking several cans of Mountain Dew: Code Red while sitting on his ass and watching TV; being blinded by unwashed hair while sitting on his ass and watching TV; smoking a bowl or two while sitting on his and watching TV; and making fun of fat people while sitting on his ass and playing WoW. Seriously, anyone else would have had several heart attacks, a stroke, and colon cancer by now.
While you go to the gym, eat healthy, and play sports to obtain a good body, a Capin Tub Tubs plays WoW, ingests nothing but saturated fats, trans fats, and high fructose corn syrup, and sits around the house all day and yet manages to weigh even less than you do, despite having the same body frame.
Everyone knows at least one Capin Tub Tubs
Capin Tub Tubs - Dude I just smoked 2 bowls, ate 3 dozen donuts, and downed an entire 2 liter of Coke. I've been doing this shit for years and I haven't gained a pound.
Obese Person - OH GO TO HELL
by VegettoVai December 28, 2010
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97439
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look up any word, like thot:
dreams that have normal things ocur in them. Recent studies show that people who have them aren't as cool as Randy.
"Yesterday I had a dream I walked through the park"
"Whoa you have Normal Dreams your clearly not as cool as Randy"
by Albert Einsteinburg May 01, 2010
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97443
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look up any word, like dirty sanchez:
Person who dresses slightly more conservatively than a mall goth. Usually found in a corporate environment. Think black clothes and caked on makeup.
Astrid was sweating so much in the meeting her makeup was staining her corporate goth attire.
by Dennis O'Reilly May 19, 2006
'Corporate Goth' sometimes known as City Goth, is a subgenre of gothic fashion. Although first adopted as a response to dress codes in corporate settings, such as offices, the 'Corporate Goth' look is often worn in non-working situations by those with mature, smart and gothic taste.
‘Corporate Goth’ often includes a pant suit in black or dark grey, an ornate, silk, lacy, frilled or otherwise dressy blouse/shirt and simple gothic jewellery. Dark eye makeup is usually worn, though the makeup is less overdone then other gothic looks. Lips can be left nude or an autumn shade of lipstick (dark red, plum ect) can be worn. Black lipstick is not often seen.
Acceptable colours include black, shades of grey or brown, jewel tones and white or cream.
John commented that his friends' black pantsuit, dark red blouse and black jewelry made her look rather 'corporate goth'.
by Connect4 August 17, 2007
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97446
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look up any word, like thot:
a girl who engages in sexual acts with any guy she can, simply to gain popular importance in her cliques.
The local slizz Shauna, gave the senior a blumpkin in an attempt to better he social status.
by Jizzim Rollins November 24, 2003
a mischievous, impish prankster
That slizz is at it again, did you hear about the latest prank she pulled?
by lovelylemur January 15, 2012
A definitory title or word used to describe a person of close connection through unabashed comradeship.
When all else fails there is still The Slizz
by Topher February 12, 2004
the act of or looking like a slut
wow put some cloths on slizz
by thetrendsetter112 November 26, 2009
a slice of pizza!!!!!!!!!!!!
great party.. lets stop off for a slizz
by sosodefxxx September 27, 2006
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97447
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look up any word, like dirty sanchez:
After a prolonged period of being textually active, one become less interested in texting.
Initial symptoms include periods of hesitation prior to sending a text. Full blown symptoms are when one is not longer able to text due to lack of textibido.
Cure includes textolygamy.
Have you heard from Lesley lately? She doesn't text me anymore...does she have textopause?
by von Brown May 18, 2010
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97510
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Recharge your battery
The long hours and stress are taking a toll on you and your performance. Really. You may feel like you are being effective and are a bundle of energy. But until you take a break, you'll never realize you're actually a bundle of nerves. Stress has a way of subtly taking over so we don't notice its effects.
Taking time off to recharge your batteries can do wonders for you and your sales. In his best-selling 1989 book, "The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People," author Stephen Covey's seventh habit, "Sharpen the Saw," is "preserving and enhancing the greatest asset you have—you. It means having a balanced program for self-renewal." (It's a good book, at times a little dry, but makes some strong points about being effective and living by the Character Ethic.)
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Karaoke: Where everyone is a star
Michael James Veit, 47, doesn't need the lyrics to perform in front of the crowds at Shooters Bar. A musician from Shiner, he is a natural performer.
• IF YOU GOWHAT: The 2011 Victoria Livestock Show Amateur Karaoke Contest
WHERE: Community Center Annex in the Beer Garden
WHEN: 6 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 26
WHO: Finalists from four preliminary rounds held at Shooters
Peggy Lorenz-Chiles rolled her eyes when she saw that one wretched word that haunts anyone who's ever been out to a night at karaoke.
The 11-year-karaoke DJ veteran has grown to hate that song so much, she limits its glass-breaking renditions to two painful attempts a night.
No matter how greasy the hair or how snug the wife beater, no one can quite pull off Kid Rock. And no matter how many times they've fantasized about being with Lance Armstrong, nobody can quite match Sheryl Crow.
Or, as Peggy put it nicely: "There's very few people who can do it well."
But that's about the only stipulation the 56-year-old, who's probably musically hipper than most of the bar's 20-something crowd, said.
"My No. 1 rule is, it's gotta be fun," she said at Shooters, where she DJs three nights a week.
While the take-charge woman on the mic can be intimidating from the stage sidelines, she's hardly pretentious and didn't even laugh (or cry) at that night's "Picture" posers.
At the end of the night, the dreaded last call, Peggy is just a businesswoman. A businesswoman who just so happened to land the sweetest gig in the world, if you're into music and bars and weekends off and watching people make fools of themselves. Yes, please.
"I tell people I get paid to have fun," she said over a cigarette break on the bar's patio.
But not everyone's cut out for the job, Peggy pointed out.
"I don't think people realize how much work it is to keep the equipment and everything up to date," she said.
Peggy has endured so many drunken renditions of "Summer Nights" and "Bohemian Rhapsody," she remembers transitioning from lugging hundreds of CDs to some other kind of ancient technology called CAVS, to now, all digital tunes.
She has a collection of something like 50,000 jams, which she updates monthly.
But the variety of songs and her new speakers aren't what have kept this AARP-aged woman so beloved by a crowd she calls her karaoke babies.
"My specialty is making people get up to sing," Peggy said. "I think one of the most rewarding things is getting somebody up there who wouldn't sing and watching them become addicted."
She calls it popping cherryokes.
"Didn't I get your karaoke cherry?" she asked 19-year-old Mariah Kowald, who Peggy said started out with a timid, baby voice.
Mariah nodded and admitted to being terrified the first time Peggy convinced her to sing.
"But what's my No. 1 rule?" Peggy asked her.
"Always have fun," said Mariah, who was the first to bust out a bellowing act that night.
The two, who otherwise might not have anything in common, told of an underground posse of strangers turned friends that emerged from a shared karaoke addiction.
"They are almost like family," Peggy said, exposing a soft side in a job that could easily become annoying, especially sober.
She said she's been blessed to have been a part of her regulars' proposals and weddings. And she cherishes them so much, she keeps their 60 to 80 request slips in organized piles for them to grab each night.
She was quick to go back to her lighthearted self. "I'm saving trees," she quipped.
That pile of regular recyclables only stands to get larger, with Peggy not stopping her cherryoke popping anytime soon.
"I hope to be doing karaoke 'til I'm 95," she said, before seeing that damn "Picture" request. "I don't ever see me stopping."
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decorative initial 'I' n Chapter III, Em'ly relates her vision of a future filled with wealth, generosity, and gentility, to which David responds, "This seemed to me to be a very satisfactory, and therefore not at all improbable, picture." The equation of the satisfactory with the probable only holds in Paradise, but this is where David seems to be for the first years of his life: a "garden at the back ... a very preserve of butterflies, as I remember it, with a high fence, and a gate and padlock; where the fruit clusters on the trees, riper and richer than fruit has ever been since, in any other garden" (II). The padlocked gate and high fence are subtle and ominous hints, of course, but they are quiet ones, and we are encouraged to imagine, with the boy, that his Eden is complete. Even crocodiles are imaginatively transformed to vegetables, and all predation and terror are banished from this happy, non-competitive world, supported throughout this section by a basically protective humour. Like other issues in this first section, however, the crocodiles become harder and harder to dismiss as the novel goes on, and this first deceptive allusion begins a chain of more and more significant references to animals, reflecting more and more closely the darker themes of the novel, and causing the initial laughter at the crocodiles to backfire. The transposition of animals and human beings suggests a basic and threatening inhumanity.
As David's position at home changes from that of a petted and much-loved only child to that of a victimized and lonely outcast, he gradually appears, both to himself and to the Murdstones, as less than human. Finally, the Murdstones complete this dehumanization by forcing on him a placard, "Take care of him. He bites." The irony packed into the word "care" emphasizes the brutality of this treatment as does David's complete acceptance of his animality. After looking for the dog that is to wear the sign and finding it is for him, he rejects utterly his own humanity and suffers a "dread" of himself (V). [167/168]
The transfer from Murdstone to Creakle does not at all change his feelings. The other boys pretend that he is a dog, and he soon looks at Creakle's school as a veritable kennel, twice referring to the boys as "miserable little dogs" (VII), who bait the poor "bull or bear", Mr. Mell, and who are harassed by a keeper who whips them, asking fit the same time, "Did it bite, hey?" (VII).
David begins to adopt this dehumanizing vocabulary himself, not, however, to attack but only to achieve comfort in a fantasy life. No doubt unconsciously but still consistently, he speaks of good people as harmless domestic animals and evil people as dangerous predatory beasts. For example, Mr. Chillip is "an amiable bird" (I); Barkis is "like a horse." (III); David's brother is "a poor lamb" (IX); Dr. Strong is like "a blind old horse" (XVI); Traddles says he is a "fretful porcupine" (XLI); Dora's aunts are "little birds" (XLI); Dora is "a Mouse" (XLIV); and Mr. Dick and Aunt Betsey are like "a shepherd's dog" and "a sheep" (LII). On the other hand, Mr. Murdstone is like a vicious dog (III); Miss Murdstone is a "Dragon" (XXXVIII); and together they are "two snakes" (IV); the Goroo man lives in a "den" and has the "claws of a great bird" (XIII); Steerforth (after his seduction of Em'ly) is "a spotted snake" (LI); Mrs. Marldelutin is "a crocodile" (XLV); Rosa Dartle is "lynx-like" and shows the "fury of a wild cat" (XXIX); and Uriah Heep is called at various times a "serpent" (XLIX), a "red headed animal" (XXV), an "Ape" (XXXV), an "eel" (XXXV), a "red fox" (XXXV), and he and his mother are likened to "two great bats" (XXXIX).
David is tempted to make his life over into a kind of fairytale, but even then a dark fantasy emerges: what chance, for instance, do the lambs and mice have against the serpents, the apes, and the wild cats ? Our first laughter at the crocodiles thus supports a comic and non-predatory world, which is ultimately seen as impossible.
The deceptive humour of the crocodiles is only one example of a technique often repeated in the first section; in many ways the very first chapter functions as a kind of reverse paradigm of the entire novel, bringing up nearly all of what will be the major threats, only to dismiss them in humour. Thus the initial Eden is a complete one, established in delight and fully [168/169] protected by our laughter. The dark life which comes later reverses the opening of the novel virtually point-by-point, insisting that we recognize explicitly the loss of the beauty and joy of the garden. Even the mild jokes on the heroic birth which open the novel are preludes to the anti-heroism of the inactive protagonist, The first extended joke, however, involves the sale, as a safeguard against drowning, of the caul with which David was born. It is bought by an old lady who never goes near the water and is nevertheless (or therefore) cited as proof of the efficacy of cauls. The joke not only brings up the key symbol of the sea, later to be identified explicitly with death (for a fuller discussion of this symbol and other image patterns in the novel see my article, "Symbol and Subversion in David Copperfield"), but also introduces the central thematic issues of prudence, delusion, and egoism, only to ask us to dismiss them in laughter. In much the same. way, Miss Betsey flounces on the scene to suggest the comic possibilities of what are later to be seen as very dark tendencies: rigidity and iron composure. Her composure, further, is clearly compensatory, and the jeweller's cotton she stuffs in her cars suggests the forcible exclusion of unpleasant threats. Her vision of young Betsey Trotwood Copperfield, who "must be well brought up, and well guarded from reposing any foolish confidences where they are not deserved" (I), foreshadows David's later disciplining of his heart; and her blunt, mad attack on Dr. Chillip prefigures all the mad and hostile clashes with which the novel is filled. Of course, all these issues are prefigured in a negative way: they are banished from serious consideration. Their later appearance, therefore, comes with greater force and poignancy.
Even at this early stage there are hints of the fall to come, primarily those connected with "The Gentleman in the Black Whiskers" who takes David off on a trip and exposes him to the first dehumanizing laughter of exclusion: the boy is "Bewitching Mrs. Copperfield's incumbrance", and he is forced to propose a toast, "Confusion to Brooks of Sheffield!" (II). The characters' laughter here does not reflect the expansive, protective humour found elsewhere in this section, but hostile and aggressive impulses, More ominous still is Mr. Murdstone's failure to join in the day's general merriment. David's future [169/170] stepfather even goes so far as to reject hostility itself if it has a communal quality. He is a man who resists all notions of community and is therefore the most dangerous to a comic society.
Significantly, David is shipped off to Yarmouth while Murdstone steps in to take his place at home, thus creating the pattern of escape and retreat the boy will be tempted to follow throughout. Peggotty's boat-house is indeed the centre of a potentially comic world, where all darkness is drained off in laughter at Mrs. Gummidge, a wonderful parody of misery. David is an alien in this world, however, and instinctively sees it as a "retreat", not as a creative and burgeoning garden but as an evasion of a threat he cannot possibly fight. The magnitude of those threats and the impossibility of David's combating them have already been hinted at, then, as early as the third chapter. More important, our laughter has identified the qualities which the novel never ceases to regard as paramount and which are never seen as any less real than the values of Murdstone, just more difficult to establish. Perhaps the key joke in the whole section is a very quiet one: Murdstone, David says, asked for and received a flower from Mrs. Copperfield: "He said he would never, never, part with it any more; and I thought he must be quite a fool not to know that it would fall to pieces in a day or two" (II). David's natural realism is thrown against Murdstone's hypocritical sentimentality, forecasting not only the later union of firmness and evasion but establishing the child's perspective as clearly superior. David is completely unsentimental; his early comic world has been to him totally real and has never needed falsification to produce happiness. Our laughter is enlisted in support of the child and his values, and in opposition to the hideous Murdstone. Even after we recognize that Murdstone is not dismissable and that David's comic perspective is lost, the humour continually forces us to remember that for a brief time there was this lovely world.
Victorian Overview Charles Dickens Contents Next Section
Last Modified 10 March 2010
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Lollipop Chainsaw Preview for Xbox 360
On: Xbox 360PS3
Lollipop Chainsaw screenshot
Lollipop Chainsaw screenshot
When Lollipop Chainsaw orientates the player on how to control heroine Juliet Starling, a pop-up box instructs how to move the camera (right stick, obviously) while simultaneously chiding them for the eventual inevitability they'll use it to look up her teeny weenie cheerleader skirt.
Business as normal for Suda 51 and Grasshopper Manufacture, then. Juliet is such an anatomical extreme you'd probably confuse her for an hourglass if you had your contacts out, and the truth of the matter is you don't even need to try very hard to get the upskirt view - Lollipop Chainsaw makes sure you'll get a flash of her meticulously modelled behind with virtually every hop, leap, and jump.
Dangling from Juliet's belt is Nick, a wise-cracking disembodied head whose exact specifics - such as 'why is there a talking disembodied head?' - are yet to be revealed. What Grasshopper is currently letting us know, however, is that Nick will take a more active role in combat as the game progresses, though at this early stage he jingles around and quips away in pleasingly frequent intervals.
The game shows an exaggerated vision of a hyperbolic world, which is pretty much to be expected from Suda 51. Since the days of Killer 7 people have learnt what to expect from the cult developer - punk, some wacky humour, geysers of gore, and buckets of blood, and in Lollipop Chainsaw Juliet fends off an unscheduled zombie invasion at San Romero high school.
With the first level, then, zombies flood the classrooms, locker halls, and corridors. The game's gore-heavy combat revolves around mixing up your pom pom attacks, which do very little damage but stun and knock enemies, with swipes of your chainsaw to deliver the exaggerated killing blow. The trick is to combine these, along with the ever-useful dodge, to create massive flowing combos with enough ultraviolence to make even Bret Easton Ellis a little squeamish.
Some of them really do hit the spot, too, with Juliet dancing around and embedding chainsaws in torsos, heads, and even through the entire body from the groin up.
Lollipop Chainsaw screenshot
What elevates Lollipop Chainsaw from the regular zombie gore-porn, at least aesthetically, is the garish clash between Suda 51's usual swathes of crimson bloodshed and the delicate artistic touch of 1950s romance comics, along with gleaming rainbows, stars, and happy twinkly noises. There's a touch of cel-shading to the visuals, and the overall panoply of various American pop-culture visual cues shouldn't work - in theory it's like mixing all the colours together and getting a mucky brown - but, surprisingly, it really really does.
Then there's a boss battle against former-teacher (now undead nightmare) Mr Fitzgibbon, who introduces himself with the eruditely apt "I'm Fitzgibbon, bitch" before upending a table and running out the door. Or a later encounter with Zed, a mohawked punk rocker who literally attacks with words - words such as 'slag' and 'cocksucker'.
Whether it's got more style than it does substance remains to be seen, but provided the game can keep the combat interesting and the premise entertaining we might just be looking at yet another insane Grasshopper Manufacture title that has to be seen to be believed.
Lollipop Chainsaw is scheduled for release on Xbox 360 and PS3 in 2012.
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User Comments
Clockpunk's Avatar
Clockpunk@ Endless
Please - a little bit of open-worldness is much better than a strictly linear progression.
Posted 17:47 on 24 August 2011
Endless's Avatar
My money is on maid and Nurse DLC outfits lol.
Still if they make the combat good enough, we could have ourselves another bayonetta on our hands :)
Posted 13:03 on 24 August 2011
Game Stats
Technical Specs
Release Date: 15/06/2012
Developer: Grasshopper
Publisher: Warner Bros.
Genre: Action
Rating: BBFC 18
Site Rank: 3,100 27
View Full Site
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My American Uncle
Dir. Alain Resnais (1980). The last movie made by Alain Resnais before he jumped the shark and landed in the realm of terminal cuteness, My American Uncle (Mon Oncle Amerique) is newly topical in its evocation of mid-career job loss, constant its rumination on behavioral psychology, and amiably absurd in its use of lab rodents.
Fri., March 11, 7 p.m., 2011
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Skip to content, or skip to search.
casting couch
Lost's Terry O'Quinn Joins ABC's 666 Park Ave.
Terry O'Quinn, best known as Lost's inimitable John Locke, is returning to ABC for the network's spoooooky new drama pilot 666 Park Ave., also referred to as 666 Park and 666 Park Avenue — which spooky title is it, guys?! O'Quinn will be one of the show's leads, playing the owner of the titular mysterious building. Not a bad consolation prize for a guy who never quite got to inherit that mysterious island.
Photo: Kent Nishimura/2011 Getty Images
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97610
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French Version of Google Toolbar 3
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[ Search]
Today, Google released a new version of the Google Toolbar. This free browser tool now checks spelling, enables users to translate English text into 8 other languages.
The Google Toolbar in French is part of Google’s ongoing commitment to providing users around the world with access to more information. Its launch follows the introduction of Google Desktop Search in French earlier this week.
1. SpellCheck: Whenever users type into a web form (including web-based email, discussion forums, and intranet web applications), SpellCheck instantly reviews and suggests corrections. The AutoFix option enables users to automatically check and correct all the text they’re entering with one click.
2. WordTranslator: This feature translates words from LANGUAGE web pages into one of 8 other languages. Hover the cursor over a word and Google Toolbar’s WordTranslator feature displays the word in French, Italian, German, Spanish, Chinese (simplified and traditional), Japanese, or Korean.
This new version of the Google Toolbar is now available in French and 8 other languages.
French Version of Google Toolbar 3
Top Rated White Papers and Resources
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by Editors | Comments
"Some people give time, some money, some their skills and connections, some literally give their life's blood…but everyone has something to give." –Barbara Bush
What do you have to give?
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Skip to definition.
Adverb: regularly re-gyu-lu(r)-lee or re-gyu(r)-lee
1. In a regular manner
"letters arrived regularly from his children";
- on a regular basis
2. Having a regular form
"regularly shaped objects"
3. In a regular way without variation
Antonym: irregularly
Encyclopedia: Regularly
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97753
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Articles: Cases/PSU
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Thus, the PSU can be connected either to an onboard USB port of the mainboard or to an external port (using the included extension cord).
The PSU is rated for a total load of 550W. It can yield 492W via its +12V power rail.
With all the similarity in their designs, the Odin GT is perfectly compatible with UPSes, unlike the Odin Pro. Together with an APC SmartUPS SC 620 the power supply worked at loads up to 360W (from both the mains and the batteries). There were no problems with switching to the batteries.
The PSU also worked well at its full output power, 550W.
The output voltage ripple is within the permissible limits.
The cross-load characteristics of this PSU are superb. The industry standard allows the voltages to deflect by 5% from the nominal values, but the Odin GT only exceeds a 2% deflection at extremely high or extremely low loads.
I measured the speed of the fan having selected the Normal mode in Power Tuner. The speed was about 830rpm at loads up to 270W. Then it started to grow up steadily, reaching 1300rpm at the maximum. So, the PSU is very quiet even without manual adjustments.
I also made sure that the switching of fan modes in Power Tuner and the manual selection of the fan speed in the same program had an immediate effect. The minimum and maximum speeds of the fan you can select are 830rpm and 2000rpm, respectively.
The PSU is over 85% efficient. Its power factor is as high as 0.99.
I think that such technologies, which make it much simpler to build powerful, reliable yet quiet PCs, are even more important that the traditional performance growth estimated in hertz, bytes and watts. If this approach is not limited to a few expensive models, but takes off for real, PC integrators and users will get an excellent tool for measuring the appropriateness of the PSU for a particular PC system. The myths about the necessity of extremely-high-wattage power supplies exist only because it’s hard to perform such a measurement.
The perspectives of an advanced monitoring system are clear even with the first such PSU we’ve ever met with. The Gigabyte Odin GT easily surpasses “smart” models with the indication of consumed power and fan speed control, leaving no chance to them at all. Two capabilities of the Odin GT are especially valuable: the manual selection of the fan speed allows to make an optimal choice between cooling efficiency and quiet operation. The monitoring of currents on the different power rails helps you see if this PSU is appropriate for your system.
I guess the addition of such a system into the PSU is not going to make the latter much more expensive to manufacture. A universal monitoring and control module can be based on one, rather inexpensive, microcontroller with a minimum of accompanying elements.
One thing I’d like to complain about is the software included with the Odin GT. Its clumsy and slow interface doesn’t make the user’s experience enjoyable.
Talking about the Odin GT, I can also recall the recently announced ESA technology from Nvidia. It extends such an approach to all of the PC’s vital components, including the power supply. In Nvidia’s vision, the existing various software and hardware monitoring and control features, often incompatible with each other, should be replaced with a unified open architecture that would allows controlling and regulating the thermal, electric and acoustic parameters of the PC. In other words, it would keep track of the temperature of each component and adjust the fan speed accordingly as well as warn the user about possible failures due to overheat or lack of power. Although the Odin GT doesn’t belong to the ESA architecture, its concept is very similar and provides a preview of how transparent a modern PC can be with such technologies.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97777
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Why That Special Guy Isn't Calling
Why That Special Guy Isn't Calling
You may be stopping him from picking up the phone...
If your friend calls, you don’t pick up. Instead of welcoming her call, you’re annoyed by the interruption and it reminds you how it hurts that it’s not him.
Afraid he may forget you, you decide to text him first, just to casually check in and say, "hi." Your fingers hit the keys and type, but then you panic and stop yourself just in time.
As if all this isn’t enough to put yourself through, there are questions you keep asking in your head: "Does he like me?" "Did I do something wrong?" "Is he thinking of me?"
You hate yourself for feeling so needy, for being unable to focus on anything else. Who is this person so consumed just waiting for a phone call? We’ve all been that person and it’s not fun.
So what can you do to stop this craziness and get him to call you?
First of all, you have to stop pushing him away with your desperate energy. It doesn’t matter that he can’t see you; he will feel it because we’re all energetically connected.
This may sound a little "woo-woo" but I’ve experienced this truth time and time again. When you meet someone you like you become subconsciously "attached" to each other. This happens at a deeper level than your conscious thoughts and can’t be put into words. It’s something you feel as opposed to something you think. Keep Reading...
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97797
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RE: Full disclosure (was Grand Canyon Tears America Apart )
From: Ted Davis <>
Date: Thu Jan 22 2004 - 21:00:54 EST
It is my overwhelming impression, from many years of reading theology,
natural history, and cosmology written between the 1540s and the 1840s, that
the large majority of Christian thinkers in most of that period (much less
so, admittedly, once we get past the 1780s and 90s) believed either
implicitly or explicitly in an earth and universe that were more or less
6000 years old. Quite a few, among them as Newton or Burnet, hedged on the
literal interpretation of each day of creation, esp the first three days
prior to the sun's creation--this is of course an old conundrum, having been
pondered by various patristic writers. But they generally did not think
that those days were really long, not like the "day-age" advocates of the
mid-19th century. Whether or not a given thinker adopted something like the
"gap" view is not always clear; Michael Roberts thinks that more of them did
than I think, but some of them apparently did. How long that gap was, I
can't say, but I don't see much of that happening myself. Boyle, e.g.,
expressly confessed a 6,000-year old creation.
As for the flood, beliefs like Woodward's (that the flood produced the
fossiliferous rocks) were also fairly common. Presumably, then, quite a few
people held something like what we today call YEC, at least they held to the
young earth and the flood producing fossils. Of course they did not couple
this with attacks on dating methods (they didn't exist, by and large),
claims about the second law of thermodynamics and the fall (the second law
didn't exist), or claims about dinosaurs on the ark (dinosaurs were
unknown). Above all, however, they recognized that there was very little if
any real science to the contrary.
That's what changed in the early 19th century. Genuine science supported an
"old" earth (ie, far older than humanity) and a "progressionist" reading of
the fossil record--indeed it's no simple matter to speak of the fossil
record prior to this time. Fossils were widely known, but little understood
and there was no sense of the development of things.
After the early to mid-19th century, with few exceptions you don't find
serious theologians or scientists maintaining the "young" part or the
"flood" part. That's what Ron Numbers is getting at, as best I can tell.
What you do find, is Ellen White thinking that way (like many folks still
did at mid-century, if they weren't learned in science or theology); then
Price sprucing it up and publicizing it in the early and mid-20th century.
It's unclear, incidnetally, how much the fundamentalists bought the young
earth/flood stuff prior to Morris & Whitcomb; however they ate up Price's
antievolutionism. The Sunday School Times (circulation between 60-100k)
published Price a couple dozen times in the 20s, even the staid Princeton
Review gave him some space.
The full YEC package was not obviously popular, however, until the 1970s or
perhaps slightly earlier.
So, YEC or something like it dominated from the 1600s to the late 1700s,
then became the province of amateurs; only after the "professional"
creationists of the present day came on the scence, did it return to
popularity. You don't find much of it in between, except in the low press
which isn't much studied now so we don't know how widely read it was. But
serious literature just didn't go for it until recently (if one could say
that serious literature goes for it today, but I hope I'm clear in meaning
Received on Thu Jan 22 21:01:20 2004
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.8 : Thu Jan 22 2004 - 21:01:29 EST
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Galileo: Man of Science
Jack Tale Productions created a new show to meet the needs of today's curriculum: Galileo: Man of Science.
Galileo was developed with the Virginia standards of learning in mind, and it uses actual experiments in the production. The play is grounded in science and history, focusing on an individual who demonstrated courage, passion, and dedication in the quest for knowledge.
The central theme running through the play is how Galileo's new ideas were discounted by the leading scholars and authorities of the day. While we see these individuals laugh at and punish Galileo, we know that he was right and his discoveries would become the foundation for modern science.
This project was underwritten by a grant from the Appalachian College Association.
The script of Galileo: Man of Science was written by R. Rex Stephenson and Mike Trochim, with lyrics and music by Jon Cohn and R. Rex Stephenson. It was published with a Teacher Resource Guide by New Plays for Children, Charlottesville, VA., 1996.
Here Galielo explains his theories to some eager-to-learn students.
Jack Tale Players Home
Blue Ridge Dinner Theatre
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Religion & Ethics: Content from Across the ABC
Date/Time 30 Jul 2014 9:10:01am
Jeremy C, try: "Thou shalt not temprt the lord your god" One of the ten comandments I recall. Also, "unless you come as little children...", i.e in faith and not questioning.
Besides which IB did not mention anything about your world view. They mentioned what is believed in by the religion, i.e. the resurrection, virgin birth, the trinity, (and depending on your flavour) transubstantiation of the host and wine or 'spiritual' transubstantiation, or 'representing', etc. Beyond that, atonement, perfect sacrifice and all that stuff ... trust me, I could go on. Anyway, all these things you may not question as they are 'articles of faith', which means they are not provable but need to be believed. That's wht the book says.
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You are hereHantsweb HomeAfter your visit
Milestones Museum
After your visit
These are some suggestions about activities you might like to complete with your class once you are back at school following a visit to Milestones.
The suggestions are split up into categories. There are some general suggestions for follow up activities which would be applicable regardless of the age of the children who have visited or the topic they have been studying.
There are then particular activity suggestions for use if your school have visited on a Victorian theme or a 1930s theme, or if you have followed the Toys and Discovery or Homes and Discovery programmes?
Follow up activities
Children examining wartime gasmask with costumed interpretters
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97820
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This is what the Brain Ready Team had to say about Yerba Mate in comparison to Coffee…
Except from Brain Ready, 10/01/2007.
…the nutritional constituents of the plant are real and verified, as are ORAC antioxidant levels thanks to some ORAC testing, and thus it’s likely that Mate does provide large, complex range of antioxidants as well as nutrients and amino acids, as widely reported. Just as with Matcha green tea or high-quality organic coffee beans, the source must be as pure as possible in order to derive maximum benefit: in this case, rainforest shade-grown Mate, consumed straight (no added sugar or milk or other diluting elements). And like Matcha, teas and coffees, the strength of the brew will also affect the resulting amount of nutrients.
From an antioxidant profile standpoint, and 8 oz. serving of Mate compared to an 8 oz serving of brewed sencha green tea shows that Mate’s ORAC level is indeed almost twice that of both brewed green tea and coffee, however high-grade Matcha green tea and ground Sencha can still eclipse Mate (and coffee) on the ORAC scale depending on source and brewing strength (and contain some different components at different levels, which have given green tea its own deserving praise, most notably EGCG and L-Theanine).
Oh, and there is caffeine in Mate…although some Mate proponents insist that the form in Mate is slightly different and worthy of its own name, “Mateine”, providing almost identical effects but without the caffeine jitters. Others argue that it’s the same caffeine as in other teas, but thanks to the synergistic combination of balancing nutrients, the net effect is far different from coffee.
So whether it’s the same caffeine as in other teas and coffees or indeed the purported mateine variant, Yerba Mate contains about 30 milligrams of caffeine/mateine in an eight ounce cup, according to a recent Health Canada report, compared with 47 milligrams in a cup of tea and 100 milligrams in a cup of coffee.
So how does is compare to coffee? To answer this question, one must look at the nutritional profile of both mate and coffee, as well as the “functional” profile — or the real-world human effects and experiences of those who have consumed both and found differences. From a nutritional standpoint, assuming both coffee and mate drinks are prepared equally using high-quality fresh source material and nothing else but hot water added, Mate does appear to win: with comparatively higher levels of both amino acids and plant-derived vitamins, the combination of leaves and stems from the mate tree have been shown to possess a higher overall nutritional profile than the coffee bean. But remember that BOTH are powerhouses in the overall antioxidants area compared to so many other beverage choices out there (including most fruit juices).
Functional benefits may be the key difference: it’s in the real-world, practical application area that Mate really shines compared to coffee, at least for many people, particularly those sensitive to the effects of coffee: many former coffee drinkers cite the fact that Mate doesn’t upset their stomach like coffee once did, which can be attributed to Mate’s more alkaline nature compared to the often acidic coffee (depending on how coffee is brewed, of course, as we’ve cited in our Espresso vs. coffee comparison).
With about one-third the caffeine of coffee, plus the presence of natural calming tryptophan and other elements, many also report the lack of jitters, shakes and anxiety that can accompany coffee drinking, resulting in all of the “good buzz” of coffee without the bad. And perhaps most significant is the reported lack of “coffee crash”, which has been particularly of interest to athletes and performers, who cite Mate’s sustained energy without the hard crash at the end; this is likely the result of lower caffeine content combined with calming amino acids and muscle-fueling nutrients, helping athletes both mentally and physically without an extreme jittery high (and resulting crash) as can occur from coffee.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97826
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Your iPlayer Demo
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97856
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An Approach to the Representation of Iterative Situations
Michael J. Almeida
Iterative sentences such as Mary knocked on the door four times, John played the sonata every other day, and Mary was often busy can be understood as asserting that some situation type is either repeated a certain number of times or with a certain frequency. The semantic content of iterative sentences has been standardly represented by some logical formula which quantifies over instances of a non-iterative situation type. The principal claim of this paper, and the basis of the representations proposed in it, is that we also require iterative situation types and instances in order to completely handle the range of possible interpretations of iterative sentences.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97857
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Detecting Stochastically Scheduled Activities in Video
Octavian Udrea, Massimiliano Albanese, Vincezo Moscato, Antonio Picariello, V.S. Subrahmanian
The ability to automatically detect activities in video is of increasing importance in applications such as bank security, airport tarmac security, baggage area security and building site surveillance. We present a stochastic activity model composed of atomic actions which are directly observable through image understanding primitives. We focus on answering two types of questions: (i) what are the minimal sub-videos in which a given action is identified with probability above a certain threshold and (ii) for a given video, can we decide which activity from a given set most likely occurred? We provide the MPS algorithm for the first problem, as well as two different algorithms (naiveMPA and MPA) to solve the second. Our experimental results on a dataset consisting of staged bank robbery videos show that our algorithms are both fast and provide high quality results when compared to human reviewers.
Subjects: 19. Vision; 6.2 Multimedia
Submitted: Oct 16, 2006
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97858
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3D Diagnostic Imaging of Blood Vessels using an X-Ray Rotational Angiographic System
Noboru Niki, Yoshiki Kawata and Tatsuo Kumazaki
In this paper, we describe a prototype system that. reconstructs three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels image from cone-beam projection images and analyzes the 3D reconstructed image. Several 3D reconstruction methods utilize biplane or stereo angiographic system and assume the cross section shapes of blood vessels (e.g. ellipse). However, the information provided by a few projections is insufficient for reconstructing a precise 3D image of blood vessels. Furthermore, the assumption of cross sectional shapes is not usually valid for abnormal blood vessels. In the present method using an X-ray rotational angiographic system, digital angiograms are collected in a short period time and a 3D image of blood vessels is approximately reconstructed using a short scan cone-beam reconstruction algorithm. The analysis method is based on the structure description of 3D blood vessels image. The procedure approximates the centerline of 3D blood vessels image using a 3D thinning algorithm and extracts the geometrical features of the 3D line pattern. Final graph data-structure is realized by the list representation with attributions representing geometrical features like edge points, branchings, and loops. From results of the application to patient’s cerebral blood vessels, we present the effectiveness of the system.
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97859
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If Not Turing's Test, Then What?
Paul R. Cohen
If it is true that good problems produce good science, then it will be worthwhile to identify good problems, and even more worthwhile to discover the attributes that make them good problems. This discovery process is necessarily empirical, so we examine several challenge problems, beginning with Turing's famous test, and more than a dozen attributes that challenge problems might have. We are led to a contrast between research strategies -- the successful "divide and conquer" strategy and the promising but largely untested "developmental" strategy -- and we conclude that good challenge problems encourage the latter strategy.
Full Text:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v26i4.1849
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97861
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DPS Meeting, Madison, October 1998
Session 12. Asteroid Dynamics II
[Previous] | [Session 12] | [Next]
[12.01] Migrating Giant Planets and the Formation of the Asteroid Belt
S.J. Kortenkamp, G.W. Wetherill (DTM, Carnegie Institution of Washington)
Recent discoveries of extrasolar giant planets orbiting very close to their central stars have revived discussion about the origin and evolution of Jupiter and Saturn. Recent work by A. Boss suggests that Jupiter and Saturn may have formed from gravitational instabilities in the cool outer regions of the early solar nebula. Gravitational interactions between the massive planets and the even more massive gaseous disk then cause the planets to migrate inwards, presumably giving rise to the small orbits of the known extrasolar giant planets.
Formation times scales in Boss' models are ~100 years, implying that the giant planets may have formed long before the formation of the asteroids and terrestrial planet embryos. Using a symplectic N-body integrator modified to account for gas drag we modeled the orbital evolution of planetesimals near 2.6 AU subject to Jupiter and Saturn perturbations. We found the relative velocities (Vr) of planetesimals to be moderately dependant on their size and strongly dependent on the heliocentric distance of Jupiter. With Jupiter at 5.2 AU Vr<800 m/s, with Jupiter at 6.2 AU Vr<500 m/s, and with Jupiter at 7.2 AU Vr<180 m/s.
An accompanying abstract by the authors discusses the consequences of these relative velocities on the growth of asteroids.
[Previous] | [Session 12] | [Next]
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97877
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a student who failed at my exam three months ago, and was supposed to show up for a remediation exam this week. The date was announced long in advance, and the student failed to show (all the others did show up) and to warn me. Now, she is asking for a new exam date, saying she was absent due to “medical reasons”. She produced a certificate that she was seeing a doctor at the time, but nothing indicates that it was an urgent need (rather than, say, a scheduled appointment).
How would you handle such a case? I asked the administrative staff at my institution, and they told me to proceed as I saw fit. Should I ask a more specific justification? In what form?
share|improve this question
Just because the medical appointment was not urgent doesn't mean it could have easily been at a different date. Medical doctors can also be very busy, and if saying no to a proposed appointment time means postponing the appointment by a month or more, it might be medically sound to schedule it during an exam anyway. However, she could of course have informed you in advance if that's the case. – gerrit Jan 11 '13 at 15:12
Also, in your system, what are the consequences of failing her? Does it mean she has to quite her studies? Be delayed by a year? In The Netherlands students failing an exam can simply take the next regular exam. The consequences of failing are quite important for the decision on what to do. – gerrit Jan 11 '13 at 15:16
Why don't you just ask the student if the appointment was urgent or just scheduled? – Albert Renshaw Jan 11 '13 at 17:02
@gerrit To be clear: if she tells me upfront that the appointment was scheduled, and she didn't care to ask me how to work around the issue beforehand (but only showed up after the fact), I will fail her for sure. I would consider it a completely inappropriate behavior. – F'x Jan 11 '13 at 17:26
I'll also go ahead and say it - in my mind, a professor has no business asking "why" behind someone's medical care. It has a very high chance of going rather badly, but you in the seat of deciding what's "sick enough", etc. – Fomite Mar 31 at 21:49
11 Answers 11
up vote 22 down vote accepted
It seems you have the answer w.r.t. procedure; the question is what should you do in terms of "fairness" or ethics.
Try starting from here: educators and students should be approach the work from the same perspective - for the student to learn. Academics should not be punitive, nor should they be a race to the bottom between the "good kids" who do everything right and hand their work in on time and the "slackers" or "hot messes" who can't seem to get anything in on time (flanked by the excuse-makers who suffer heavily from the Dunning-Kruger effect). The most pleasurable students to teach are those who truly care about the subject matter. Unfortunately, a lot of kids forget this when they're in school and overwhelmed by the stress of grades, lack of structure, etc. Your best bet is to have a frank discussion with the student. Is she currently in danger of failing the class? Is she a borderline case? Whatever you do, don't assume that she's being manipulative; instead, tell her that you would like to reschedule, but you're concerned that this might happen again. Ask her how she thinks she's doing in the class and what she would like to have happen. From there, talk options. Does she have the option to just drop the class (at most places, faculty can get around deadlines rather easily)? What is her worst case scenario? Is she prepared for the final? She should have the option to take the exam, but it might be a good opportunity to talk about actions she can take to prevent this sort of thing from happening in the future. Talk about learning from failure and taking measures to prevent this in the future. It's possible she's a pathological liar, but it's also possible that she's a kid who needs more guidance navigating the adult world.
No matter what, you ought to give her a chance to take the exam again and open communication about her status in your class. Invite her to your office hours to talk and tell her to email you back if she can't make it. If she fails to respond, then you have to fail her, but making sure that it's an emotionally neutral experience is probably your best bet.
share|improve this answer
The student is a flake. It's absurd to take this kind of hand-holding approach with a student who has behaved in this way. – Ben Crowell Mar 30 at 21:14
@Ben It's absurd to decide what to do based on her behaviour before understanding what caused this behaviour. None of us are entirely responsible for what we do. Genes, culture and context all have a much greater influence on what we think and do than anything else. Furthermore, even if the student is indeed a flake (crazy or eccentric), that doesn't stop you from being her teacher and being responsible for her education inside your classroom. – Shawn Apr 15 at 17:26
@Shawn Brilliant comment, thank you! – Volker Siegel Apr 16 at 19:09
In my experience dealing with these types of things correctly takes more time and effort then letting them slide. Continue scheduling exam times for her until she takes the exam or the incomplete automatically converts to a fail. I would even reuse the last remediation exam instead of making a new exam. I would only schedule the exam at times that are convenient for me.
share|improve this answer
Excellent answer. People can and do have legitimate medical emergencies. Assume the medical need was both sensitive and an emergency (for example, emergency medical treatment for rape). Don't talk about it except a sympathetic I hope you are feeling better. – emory Jan 11 '13 at 11:29
The good thing about this answer is that if the student still fails the course, then it is entirely her fault. She can't blame you for not giving her another chance. However, she might have gotten some tips from those who did take the remediation exam, and giving the same exam to her would give her an unfair advantage. – Joel Reyes Noche Jan 11 '13 at 12:50
@scaaahu yes she is potentially gaming the system and getting an unfair advantage. I just don't think it is worth the effort to prevent it. – StrongBad Jan 11 '13 at 13:10
I'm not entirely in agreement with putting up a harder exam because you suspect the student is putting up a false excuse. The truly fair and ethical thing to do would be to denounce a doctor for providing a false statement and the student for breaching what's most likely a fault in the code of conduct. Giving her a harder exam, just because of a hunch is unfair if she truly had a medical condition. If the student was really sick, she probably wasn't able to prepare better and is physically/mentally at a disadvantage due to said illness. – Esteban Brenes Jan 11 '13 at 23:09
@DanielE.Shub: I was also thinking that this is just a way to get more time to study, "Gaming the system", but then I realized, schools is about teaching. When they know the material, they pass. If they don't they fail. Why is speed part of that? For projects and homework they can do on their own time I understand time limits as a measurement. But for an exam? If they study more and learn the stuff good for them! – Mooing Duck Jan 12 '13 at 0:21
I would allow rescheduling, but be sure to use a different exam.
As some other answers indicated, one probably does not want to get embroiled in the details of the student's medical situation, and it may be inappropriate, besides. (I think it would be illegal in the U.S. to ask for details beyond a general note from the doctor.) Thus, one simply cannot have the information to know whether missing the exam was frivolous or not.
With regard to communication, yes, in principle one imagines that the student would have been able to contact you in advance to explain that (s)he'd miss the exam. But, again, without prying, one cannot know.
Yes, the odds may be good that the situation is due to student negligence than medical emergencies... and we should hope so, in the larger scheme of things. But, since we cannot be sure, my choice would be to treat the situation as a medical emergency, whose details I will not know. And allow further exam retake.
As to whether allowing further exam retakes is fair to the students who've managed to do things on schedule... if there was a genuine medical emergency, we are attempting to compare incomparables. If not, my consolation is that, in my experience, students who miss exams due to their own negligence or disorganization similarly fail to "profit" by extra chances.
Thus, I take claims of medical/personal emergencies at face value, and do not restrict re-takes of exams.
share|improve this answer
+1. I would like to comment that when I was in school, retakes of exams were always more difficult under the assumption that at least some of the people getting a doctor's note for the sniffles just want more time to prepare, or maybe want to hear from their peers the sort of material presented. After the policy was implemented, there were remarkably fewer doctors' notes presented for excuse due to illness (and no related increase in illness outbreaks on campus.) – Roddy of the Frozen Peas Jan 11 '13 at 19:46
When I was in this situation, I just allowed the student to reschedule, but that the exam format would change to an oral exam.
I've found (after a bit of practice) that oral exams are a great way of deciding grades or making pass/fail decisions. I even started to use them in my regular assessments.
The content of the oral exam should be based on the remediation exam that the student missed, but can be more free-ranging in terms of what extra questions you can ask.
I also suggest allowing the student to have a companion present in the exam room. The companion can be there, but cannot speak (unless asked by you). Many students get freaked out by oral exams if they haven't done them before, so allowing a trusted companion to be there often (somewhat) alleviates their stress.
share|improve this answer
I'm completely puzzled by the “companion” suggestion. I mean, my 3-year old still goes to school with his teddy bear, but I don't suppose I have to accommodate a 20+-year old student for their fear of oral interrogation. In two years, she will have to find a job, and I don't suppose she can ask friends to sit in her job interviews :) – F'x Jan 11 '13 at 17:25
@F'x - To many people, oral exams and job interviews are two completely different things (for one, job interview questions are more often subjective rather than objective, like exam questions usually are), and trigger two completely different emotional responses. For example, I can do a job interview just fine, and be relaxed the whole time, but I'm often shaking from nerves by the end of an oral exam and far more nervous going into it. – Shauna Jan 11 '13 at 17:36
@F'x: It's a completely cover-your-ass issue: particularly if the student is a different gender from the examiner, you want a witness to see that things are above-board. I stated it from the student's perspective, because I really have seen grown men (college students) cry when trying to answer relatively basic questions in front of a whiteboard. – Peter K. Jan 11 '13 at 19:28
@PeterK. it's really sad. I do hold one-on-one oral exams now and then with students, and if the venue is relatively quiet, I will leave the door open for this very purpose… but only if that's reasonably possible – F'x Jan 11 '13 at 20:18
@F'x - What you believe and how a person actually reacts are two totally different things. And they may exercise the exact same skills, but the environment and circumstances are different, and can be different enough to cause a different stress response. Pavlovian-like responses have nothing to do with logic and intellect. – Shauna Jan 13 '13 at 16:45
If I understand correctly, your student had previous knowledge of her appointment, and I do agree that perhaps it was an appointment that was hard to get (some doctors or conditions may justify it).
I agree that you should not pry, and respect her privacy, and she is entitled not to tell you.
Now, that said, it seems as it was not a medical emergency, so she had full knowledge at least a day ahead of said appointment. If we were living in 1970/80s with no cellphones/email/sms, etc, she might have some justification on not notifying you. But we are not, she should have sent an email (out of sole courtesy for the time you already set apart so she does not fail).
If it were me, I would fail her, it gives 2 messages, you should do well on your first try and, if given a second chance, you cannot get really picky, it also teaches to respect other people's times. (Oh my, three lessons in one go, that is more of what she gets if you keep giving her chances)
share|improve this answer
"it seems as it was not a medical emergency" but we can't be sure. – StrongBad Jan 11 '13 at 15:34
At the university where I teach, a student who fails to show up for a registered exam will be given a failing grade unless he or she presents a medical excuse. I suspect it works similar where you are (given the system you're describing).
In this case, I think your best bet is to offer an additional remediation exam, but also indicate that there is a time limit to the extensions she can take—if she has not passed the exam by the end of the semester, a "did not take" or failing grade is to be submitted instead, as appropriate.
share|improve this answer
To answer your last question, Should I ask a more specific justification?, I think not.
If you do so, it may constitute a case of intrusion of privacy. She has the right to not tell you any details. And it does not matter what form the justification is. Besides, you might not be able to verify it.
If I were you, I would fail her. You did everything you could including announcement in advance and the administration allows to do so.
Also, you need to look at this issue from other student's perspective. It's not fair to them if you allow her more chances because she would have more time to prepare for the remediation exam than other students who already took it.
Everybody deserves a second chance. The first line of this question, I have a student who failed at my exam three months ago. I suspect that's why the remediation exam was there for.
In the OP's question, the student missed it without prior warning. She wants it back. It's her responsibility to convince the prof that she has good execuse for missing it. However, nothing indicates that it was an urgent need on her document. The prof wasn't convinced that she had a good reason. So, he asked the question, can he request for more info? He really shouldn't because of privacy concern. The burden is on the student's shoulder, not the prof's.
I would agree that in the general cases, the prof should not fail the student just because of his/her medical conditions. However, in the OP's question, it was a remediation exam already. IMO, one is enough. You missed it. Do you have a good reason? No?
share|improve this answer
I don't see how it is not fair to the other students. They earned the grades they earned. Even if this extra time means the student goes from an F to an A, the devaluation of the other students marks is trivial. If the student only goes from an F to a C, which seems much more likely, the devaluation is even less. – StrongBad Jan 11 '13 at 13:28
@DanielE.Shub The exam was already a remediation. If it were a regular exam, I would consider a remediation exam for her and other students who had failed. – scaaahu Jan 11 '13 at 13:39
I quite disagree with failing her. For all we know the doctor's appointment couldn't be moved. Appointments may involve meeting several specialists in one go and moving those could mean moving it for months — which may be a bad idea if a medical situation progresses negatively. – gerrit Jan 11 '13 at 15:15
Students who wish to use their medical conditions as justification for failing to meet the standard terms of assessment have no right of privacy. This should not be a concern. – Jack Aidley May 22 at 14:32
I've had friends in this situation -- the thing about medical problems is that some of them are quite chronic (and thus, what happened before could happen again), as opposed to the one-time medical emergency that the system seems designed for.
Compound this with the hardness of getting THAT doctor for THAT date to prevent medications from running out or to avoid being dropped by that doctor, and even a prescheduled appointment becomes a non-neogitable enterprise (although if that were the case, I'd think she could have warned you!)
Let her retest, but I see no need to redo the exam unless you have reason to believe she is using this as a way to cheat or otherwise buy time.
If she does it again, well... you can keep retesting, but I've known professors that failed someone for less. At that point I think it's more a case of whether you like this student enough not to autofail her for something unrelated to the actual material.
share|improve this answer
While the involved doctor most certainly is not allowed to tell you why she was there, I wouldn't be too surprised if they (or their receptionist) might confirm if the appointment was made long ago or not. That will of course not protect you from them being somehow related to your student and lie, but it's hopefully unlikely.
edit As mentioned in the comments, the doctor/receptionist is not obliged to provide any information and may refuse to do so for their own sake. You could ask your student for a prove if she claims it was not planned long ago, but then again, in dubio pro reo.
You could ask her to either wait until the next year's exam (if possible), or invite her to an oral exam quite soon - after all, the visit to the doctor is supposed to have been spontaneous, so she should be prepared enough to manage that while you can infer whether the student was trying to gain time or not.
And while it would suck to later learn she lied, it would suck even more if you turned out to be wrong. She'll have enough other exams to prove her honesty, I suspect.
share|improve this answer
If I were the involved medical doctor, I would not release any information pertaining to my patients unless my patient asks me to do so. I would argue that the student should ask the doctor to call the prof. See my updated answer. – scaaahu Jan 12 '13 at 9:09
@scaaahu That's a good alternative. I'll edit that in, too – Tobias Kienzler Jan 12 '13 at 10:44
This student has already had three opportunities to get a better outcome:
1. She could have learned the material and passed the original exam.
2. She could have shown up for the remediation exam.
3. She could have contacted the instructor in a timely manner about the doctor's appointment.
She blew all three opportunities. There is no need for further hand-holding. The appropriate response is to let her grade on the original exam stand. Any other response is unfair to the other students, who played by the rules.
Speculation about the difficulty of scheduling a doctor's appointment at a particular time is beside the point. She still could have contacted the instructor in a timely manner.
Speculation that it could have been an emergency is beside the point. She hasn't asserted that it was an emergency.
Concerns about her medical privacy are beside the point. For example, if it was a life-threatening situation or an unforseeable situation, then she could have asserted that without volunteering the details. She didn't.
share|improve this answer
In my school, redo exams have a maximum grade of the minimum grade to pass. The idea is that if a student can't pass the first time, they best they can do is 'just pass' and not more. For medical reasons, maybe consider the first redo an actual first attempt. However, the latest seems like a bit more than reasonable (someone that sick should stop attending classes and focus on her health).
So, I would give her another exam but her maximum grade would be the minimum passing grade.
share|improve this answer
I grew up from the same system as your school. I wonder if the OP's location allows such rule redo exams have a maximum grade of the minimum grade to pass. – scaaahu Jan 13 '13 at 9:52
In case anybody wonders what system I had been in. Those students who's got 60 points or more out of 100 are considered pass. Those who's got 50-59 will be given a redo exam (only once). Those who pass the redo exam will get 60. Those who fail or miss the redo exam will fail. Those who fail the redo exam or got <50 in the first place will have to retake the class. A very fair deal to me. – scaaahu Jan 13 '13 at 10:50
Your Answer
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global_05_local_4_shard_00000656_processed.jsonl/97892
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Affycomp III
A Benchmark for Affymetrix GeneChip Expression Measures
Sponsored by: The Hopgene Program for Genomic Applications and The JHU Department of Biostatistics
Results as of August 7, 2003 presented at: The 2003 Affymetrix GeneChip Microarray Low-Level Workshop
The defining feature of oligonucleotide expression arrays is the use of several probes to assay each targeted transcript. This is a bonanza for the statistical geneticist, who can create probeset summaries with specific characteristics.
There are now several methods available for summarizing probe level data from the popular Affymetrix GeneChips, and it can be difficult to identify the method best suited to a given inquiry.
We have developed a graphical tool to evaluate summaries of Affymetrix probe level data. Plots and summary statistics offer a picture of how an expression measure performs in several important areas. This picture facilitates the comparison of competing expression measures and the selection of methods suitable for a specific investigation. The key is a benchmark consisting of one or two spike-in studies and, optionally, a dilution study (details below). Because the truth is known for these data, it is possible to identify statistical features of the data for which the expected outcome is known in advance. Those features highlighted in our suite of graphs are justified by questions of biological interest, and motivated by the presence of appropriate data.
In conjunction with the release of a graphics toolbox as part of the Bioconductor Project, we have created this web-based tool.
We invite all interested parties to put their probe summary methods to the test in a friendly competition. See the submission form below. Download the benchmark data and develop one or more probe summaries. Return the expression-level data, and we'll tell you how you did on this set of tasks. The new assessments (and the original assessments ) show how everyone is doing.
Summaries need not be serious attempts at a complete expression measure. The submission form contains a check-box for exclusion from the competition. If you are interested in normalization, run competing normalization procedures, take a simple average over probes in a set and see how the different methods do. The goal is threefold. In addition to vetting the toolbox and competing for bragging rights, this will be an opportunity to systematically examine the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches to probeset summary.
For more details, read the manuscript [pdf].
Data and instructions
1. Download the spike-in and (optionally) dilution data sets.
2. Obtain your expression measures (in original scale, NOT log scale), for any or all of the data types above, and write each as a comma-delimited text file, as follows:
3. Choose a "unique" (original) nickname for your method, and submit your csv files and contact information using the form below. You need not submit all 3 files; any subset is permissible.
4. Be patient. Uploading takes time, depending on internet connection, etc. You will be informed when the upload is complete (see sample Upload results page). Then the assessments begin and may take 1-2 minutes. See "Real-time log of assessment" and "Summary of assessment" on your Upload results page to monitor the progress.
5. When all assessments are complete, you will get back via the "Summary" link several reports (e.g. one assessing your submission, another comparing it to MAS 5.0), depending on which studies you submitted.
6. We will also keep some bottom line results to put in a one or more tables, comparing all submissions. NOTE: If you do not want your results to appear in these tables, check the NO-COMP box in the entry submission form.
Submission form
Full name
E-mail addr
Method nickname
Spike-in hgu95
Spike-in hgu133
Dilution hgu95
URL (optional)
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