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Brown University SealBrown University
HIAA Congratulates 2014 MA & PhD Graduates!
April 18, 2014
Caleigh Forbes, MA, History of Architecture
Caleigh has accepted a position at the Skyscraper Museum in NY.
Alba Serino, MA, History of Architecture
Mazie Harris, PhD, History of Photography. Mazie has been appointed Assistant Curator in the Department of Photographs at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.
Kristen Oehlrich, PhD, History of Photography, will be the Post-Doctoral Research and Teaching Fellow in the Graduate Program in the History of Art at Williams College.
Lisa Tom, PhD, History of Art and Architecture
Nathaniel Walker, PhD, Architectural Studies. Nathan will take up a position as Assistant Professor of Architectural History in the Department of Art History at the College of Charleston in South Carolina.
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obama financial services industryREUTERS/ Larry DowningAwkward silence.
Politico's Ben White and Maggie Haberman have taken a deep dive into Wall Street's fraught relationship with Washington.
Writing in Politico Magazine (the publication's new longform progeny), White and Haberman characterize why bankers are so upset with both Democrats and Republicans.
Two paragraphs get to the heart of it. From Politico:
On both sides of the political spectrum, the titans of American finance today find themselves alienated from politics to a surprising degree. On the left, the rift has been precipitated by populist outrage and a damaged, difficult relationship with the White House. The discord and disappointment has simmered for years, and is now boiling toward the surface on both sides, particularly for donors who felt burned and spurned by a White House they helped elect…
Meanwhile, on the right, the estrangement owes to the failures of Mitt Romney’s presidential campaign — a loss that has prompted Wall Street donors to sit on their cash and question the return that their investments in Republican politics can generate …This is not the first time that Wall Street has found itself at odds with one of the political parties in Washington. But it may be the first time since the Great Depression that the New York banker class has been this disconnected from both parties simultaneously.
The piece goes on to document how Wall Street's "initial rosy expectations" for its relationship with Obama — largely due to hefty campaign donations — have been all but dashed.
Read the full piece at Politico Magazine »
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Harpist Rita Costanzi in her stage show <i>Score to Settle</i>.
Harpist Rita Costanzi in her stage show Score to Settle.
Rita Costanzi was an exceptionally gifted harpist from childhood. "Shame," sniffed friends of her father, the great American violinist Francis Tursi.
A Score to Settle is the story of the life that unfolded behind this most physical and misunderstood of instruments, moulded with Broadway director Arthur Masella into an award-winning solo show that settles into the Butterfly Club from Wednesday until Sunday.
"It's a midlife crisis story," the New York actor-virtuoso says. "There's a fine line between myself and my character: she's very loveable, deluded, over the top. And she's funny."
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"Breaking Bad" alternate ending reveals it was all a dream
Bryan Cranston as Walter White and Aaron Paul as Jesse Pinkman on "Breaking Bad." AMC
"Breaking Bad" added a little levity to its legacy with an "alternate ending" that offers up a very different fate for everyone's favorite drug kingpin.
The ending, which appears on the acclaimed series' DVD box set, spoofs a much-joked-about "Breaking Bad" theory -- that Walter White (Bryan Cranston) somehow becomes Hal from "Malcolm in the Middle," the dad he played on the TV sitcom from 2000-2006.
In an homage to "Newhart," Cranston wakes up in bed as Hal, freaked out about the crazy dream he had in which he was "this meth dealer." He relays the dream to his wife, Lois (Jane Kaczmarek), describing being married to a "tall, blonde woman," a DEA agent who looked "like that guy from 'The Shield,'" and "a man-child" with an affinity for the "B-word" ("Yo, B-word! Yay, science, B-word!").
But was it really all a dream? After they go back to sleep, the camera pans to a corner, where we see Heisenberg's signature black hat sitting on a chair.
The ending surfaced online over the weekend, only to be pulled off YouTube by Sony. If you didn't get to see it, or want to watch again, you can find it here.
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Chegg Textbook Solutions for A Basic Math Approach to Concepts of Chemistry 6th Edition: Chapter U5P8
Chapter: Problem:
• Step 1 of 1
In United States and some other European countries, the system that is traditionally used to measure temperature is the Fahrenheit temperature system. A unit of measure on a temperature scale is called a degree. A degree Fahrenheit is given the abbreviation According to this scale, the freezing point of water is and the boiling point is here you find that there are between the freezing and boiling points of water.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1665
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Consider this system at equilibrium. A(aq)<--->B(aq) deltaH=-750 kJ/mol What can be said about Q and K immediately after an increase in temperature? A) Q > K because Q increased B) Q > K because K decreased C) Q < K because Q decreased D) Q < K because K increased E) Q = K because neither charged How will the system respond to a temperature increase? A) shift left B) shift right C) no change
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1666
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An object is p=33.5 cm in front of aconcave mirror. Its real image height is 7 times larger thanthe object. A.) What is the location of the image? Answer in unitsof cm. B.) What is the radius of curvature of themirror? Answer in units of cm.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1667
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A spring of negligible mass has force constant k = 1500 N/m.
You place the spring vertically with one end on the floor. You then drop a book of mass 1.30 kg onto it from a height of 0.500 m above the top of the spring. Find the maximum distance the spring will be compressed.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1668
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Two metal spheres, each of mass 14 g and initially at rest, are dropped from a height of 6 m in an evacuated chamber. One sphere has a charge of +90 ?C, and the other has a charge –90 ?C. Find the difference in final speeds of the two spheres (the speeds just before each one hits the ground). Assume that there is a downward electric field of about 150 V/m near the Earth’s surface.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1683
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Joan Kiddell-Monroe, Aeneid. Attribution Some rights reserved by 50 Watts
C. S. Lewis’s Aeneid
During the early 1960s, the Christian Century published a series of answers by prominent authors to the question, "What books did most to shape your vocational attitude and your philosophy of life?" The June 6, 1962, issue featured advice columnist Ann Landers, who provided an impressively erudite list, and C. S. Lewis.
Lewis's list holds much interest, but few surprises. George MacDonald's Phantastes and G. K. Chesterton's The Everlasting Man, the two Christian books that captivated Lewis at the height of his skeptical period, receive top billing, followed closely by the great English poems of vocation, Herbert's The Temple and Wordsworth's The Prelude. Other books on the list are The Consolation of Philosophy, Boswell's Life of Johnson, Charles Williams's Descent into Hell, Arthur Balfour's Theism and Humanism and Rudolf Otto's The Idea of the Holy (a sure defense against mistaking Aslan for a tame lion).
Notably, all but one of the books Lewis mentions are Christian. The one exception, the one permanent debt he records to a pre-Christian book, is Virgil's Aeneid, the epic poem in which the Trojan Aeneas, lacerated by war and Juno's wrath, travels to Italy under divine summons and lays the foundation of Rome. Long before Lewis became a Christian, the Aeneid acted upon him almost as a Christian epic; long after he became a Christian, the Aeneid remained central to his understanding of vocation. Lewis's debt to the Aeneid, already evident from his discussion of the epic in A Preface to Paradise Lost, is now more clear than ever, thanks to the publication this spring by Yale University Press of Lewis's "lost" Aeneid translation, skillfully reconstructed by classicist A. T. Reyes.
Oddly enough, the Aeneid itself was nearly lost. Virgil's dying wish was to burn his epic poem; only by the intervention of Augustus Caesar did the work live to shape the "vocational attitude" and "philosophy of life" (as the Christian Century editors expressed it) of the Roman Empire and subsequently of the Christian West. And C. S. Lewis's Aeneid would have perished in a similar manner had his brother Warren Lewis succeeded in burning what he judged to be inessential literary remains. This time it was no Caesar but Walter Hooper, Lewis's secretary and biographer, who intervened.
What survived the bonfire is the whole of book one, along with 516 lines of book two, 253 lines of book six, and a few other fragments, the fruit of some three decades in which Lewis experimented, now and again, with converting the hexameter of the Aeneid into English rhyming alexandrines: "Of arms and the exile I must sing, of yore / Guided by fate from Troy to the Lavinian shore." He renders Juno's scheme: "Leading them far, for-wandered, over alien foam / So long was fate in labour with the birth of Rome"; echoes the grim resolve with which Aeneas obeys his calling: "the mind remains unshaken while the vain tears fall"; and captures, in a couplet he would often quote, the plight of the Trojan women suspended "'Twixt miserable longing for the present land / And the far realms that call them by the fates' command." The poetic diction takes some getting used to, but Lewis felt that modern English translations of the Aeneid were too consciously "classical," too leery of concrete, archaic imagery. He attempts instead a medievalist's touch, bringing to his translation a blend of the ceremonial and the sensuous not unlike the final scenes of his Perelandra. The result should be seen as an experiment, not compared to the recent acclaimed Aeneid translations. Its chief value is in what it tells us about Lewis as a Christian reader of the pagan past.
For the Middle Ages, Virgil was an anima naturaliter Christiana, a prophet who, in his Fourth Eclogue, foretold the birth of Christ. But for Lewis, it was in changing the subject from the adolescent theme of heroism to the adult theme of vocation that Virgil prepared the way for all subsequent Christian epics. Lewis told Tolkien that he found similarities between the Aeneid and The Lord of the Rings—each one a "great and hard and bitter epic" of reluctant heroes, "men with a vocation, men on whom a burden is laid"; each one evoking a legendary past, marking a novus ordo seclorum, and foreshadowing beyond the ages of the world and the "tears of things" something very like the gospel.
"I've just re-read the Aeneid again," he told Dorothy L. Sayers, when she was in the throes of translating Dante. "The effect is one of the immense costliness of a vocation combined with a complete conviction that it is worth it," not only because of the harrowing ordeals Virgil depicts, but also because he wrote under duress, at a time of political violence, employing subjects and forms not entirely of his own choosing. "It is the nature of vocation," Lewis wrote, "to appear to men in the double character of a duty and a desire, and Virgil does justice to both."
Perhaps poetry would have more influence in our culture if it had this double character, which translation—inevitably an act of obedience as well as creative freedom—still retains. Lewis's unfinished Aeneid, however it may fare with critics, establishes beyond doubt his vocation as a translator to the modern world of its own forgotten traditions. Lewis understood the poetry of vocation, even if it was not his vocation to be a poet. That Virgil, erstwhile prophet of Christ, should speak again though Lewis, preeminent apostle to post-Christians, seems a fitting tribute.
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Osteofibrous Dsyplasia
Julie - posted on 04/20/2009 ( no moms have responded yet )
My son was diagnosed with this rare bone tumor called osteofibrous dysplasia, he is 1 year old. I was wondering if anyone had first hand knowledge of this and what we can expect for him in the future as far as breaks, surgery's and so on. Any information would be good the internet has good information but I would like first hand experience of parents going through this with their own child.
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How do I begin the weaning process?
Started by Chelese on 11/02/2011 in Breastfeeding Moms
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Child led weaning/ self weaning
Started by Merry on 09/30/2010 in Breastfeeding Moms
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Difficult weaning or easy weaning
Started by Merry on 01/01/2011 in Breastfeeding Moms
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HELP! Calling all mothers! I need advice asap. My son Ayden is now 10 months, he'll be 11 months on the 6th and I want to ween him by 1 year. Breastfeeding has been great....
Started by Mercedes on 11/28/2010 in Breastfeeding Moms
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Almost time for me to begin again...
I am the mother or a 15 month old who I breast fed very irregularly for about 3-4 mos. SO many things I felt at the time were in the way. My newest baby is due at the end of...
How old were your babies when weaned?
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My doctor told me to wean!
Baby led weaning? But how old is too old?
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Weaning off bottle
My son just turned 12 mths, We went to the Dr. a week ago and he instructed us that in 10 days he would like Seth off of formula on homo milk, off the bottle and on table food...
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Baby Lead Weaning - a little rant lol!
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Enter multiple symbols separated by commas
Market has yet to deliver verdict on Russia
In the U.S. there may be a fairly large appetite for clamping down on Russian aggression in Ukraine and Crimea. In Germany, though, the clamor is decidedly more subdued.
Patti Domm, CNBC's executive news editor, found in a trip to Germany that there's little appetite for additional sanctions against Russia, despite global outrage.
So how will the conflicting dynamics play out in the markets?
Though there was some near-term volatility, overall the market has taken a mostly benign view of the tensions, according to Jeff Cox., finance editor at CNBC.com.
The two hash out the implications in the video.
• Jeff Cox is finance editor for CNBC.com.
• Lawrence Develingne
Wall Street
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3 Results for
Mars rover Opportunity breaks record for miles roamed
By July 28, 2014
By February 12, 2014
Mars rover Opportunity hits new record for miles driven in space
Breaking the record of miles trekked by a NASA vehicle in another world, the Mars rover traverses 22.2 miles across the Red Planet.
By May 16, 2013
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Colin Powell
The Religious Affiliation of
Colin Powell
Religion: Episcopalian CBR Scale: S
Name: Colin Powell
Other Names: Colin Luther Powell; Colin L. Powell; General Colin Powell
Publisher(s): Marvel Blue Water Productions
Earliest Appearance Listed in This Database: Operation Welcome Home (1991)
Creators: Robert Kline
Number of Appearances: 144
Comic Book Appearances: 4
TV, Film Appearances: 15
TV, Film Appearances As Himself: 125
Ally: President George W. Bush
Occupation: politician, general
Birth Place: New York City, New York, USA
Race: black
Gender: male
Note: U.S. Secretary of State under Pres. Bush
Desert Storm: The War Begins (1991)
Marvel Universe: The End #1 (May 2003): "Predestination" (cameo)
Operation Welcome Home (1991) (lead character)
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No recent wiki edits to this page.
A scientist who specializes in the botfly larva, Amanda Becket experimented on herself, turning her into a botfly/human hybrid. Her lab in Buena Suerte was attacked by the Doom Patrol, who destroyed the cradles in which she had been creating her hybrids. Attack choppers apparently connected to her killed the Doom Patrol member Nudge on the Patrol's exit.
At some point, Mr. Somebody recruited her into his corporate backed Front Men. He had been supplying her with vagrants to use as test subjects in her experiments. The hybrids were used to take down and keep Elasti-Girl captive after a botched attack on the Front Men's headquarters. They were also used in the Doom patrol's subsequent assault on their headquarters.
Botfly has proven useful against the Doom Patrol in a non-physical way as well. The raid on Thayer Enterprises was caught on tape by the press. The Front Men had been given specific instructions to play this up. Botfly had been told to accuse the Patrol of making her into the monster she was - which some of the public bought into.
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This diary is a book review of Kees van der Pijl's (2007) work on "foreign relations," Nomads, Empires, States. Van der Pijl argues that the field of "foreign relations" must be rethought, and doing this will allow us to see why relations between nation-states are only one mode of foreign relations, and not necessarily the most important one in this era. Rethinking foreign relations, then, we should be able to understand why the regime of "global governance" has failed to triumph in a world without endemic warfare between nation-states.
(crossposted at Docudharma)
One recent book release of note in the field of "International Relations" has been Steven R. David's (2009) Catastrophic Consequences. Catastrophic Consequences is a book written from the perspective of "American national interest"; in it, David argues that:
Though largely ignored by scholars and policymakers, who remain fixated on the idea of interstate conflict, civil wars and other forms of domestic violence in other countries have emerged as one of the principal perils to American vital interests. (2)
David's array of examples bears this out. Saudi Arabia is said to be "bursting with groups furious with the royal family" (21), thus imperiling oil supplies around the world, Pakistan "verges on collapse, a collapse that would facilitate the transfer or seizure of nuclear weapons to terrorists" (50), Mexico could plunge into "prolonged and widespread disorder" (82), thus impacting the US economy, China is likely to experience "violent instability" (82), thus causing an outcome David does not name precisely.
Now, the term "American vital interests" is of course loaded. Whose "vital interests" are "American vital interests"? Do all Americans count as benefiting from the maintenance of "American vital interests," or just those whom any particular user of the term "American vital interests" happens to favor? Is it an "American vital interest" to support neoliberal capitalism, if neoliberal capitalism means the perpetuation of economic habits which will lead to climate disasters in the future via abrupt climate change? Do Palestinian-Americans benefit from US support for Israel?
Of course, the US has been meddling in the internal affairs of other nations for the sake of "American vital interests" at least since William Walker commandeered Nicaragua in 1856. So David discovers nothing essentially new. However, the idea that this activity, and not the mere set of formal relations between nation-states, is now the centerpiece of interest in "international relations," is doubtless news to many of the academic practitioners in the field. Steven R. David, despite his quotidian biases, is nevertheless one of the more enlightened of this bunch.
The theory for this new era (new, at least, for the academy in the social sciences, which are typically caught "proving" things we already know) can be found in Kees van der Pijl's (2007) Nomads, Empires, States. It is this book, and not David's volume, that is the subject of this review.
Van der Pijl's antidote to the (Eurocentric) fixation of "international relations" upon nation-states is to suggest four distinct "modes of foreign relations," corresponding in a sense with Marx's notion of "relations of production." This version of the history of "foreign relations" offers us a prehistory of nation-states, bringing the nation-state into the world of ordinary affairs between people, and approximating an anthropology of ingroup-outgroup relations. The outlay of these modes, and by consequence of van der Pijl's book, is on p. 24: the four modes are:
1. Tribal relations, dating back to pre-agricultural society
1. Empire/ nomad relations, following the invention of settled agricultural society and agricultural empires: think, for instance, of relations between the Roman Empire and the Germanic tribes to its north (not to mention the Berbers to the south), or of relations between the Chinese and the Mongols
1. relations of "sovereign equality," which served the nascent capitalist world well -- this is the normal subject matter of "international relations"
1. relations of "global governance," emerging with globalization. (24)
As van der Pijl recounts the history of each of these modes of foreign relations, we can see that no mode of foreign relations becomes obsolete at any point: rather, in the triumph of "global governance" over state power in the current era, tribal modes of foreign relations re-emerge in proliferation. Thus the politically-unstable world (as it receives the motivated complaint of the likes of Steven R. David) comes into being. The new world of "global governance" is an overlay, another way of pushing tribes together without really shifting the patterns of allegiance a whole lot. The various overlays which constitute the newer modes of foreign relations, from empire to nation-state to global organization, transform the old relations without removing them.
The various modes of foreign relations, then, recur -- not because they are "eternal verities," but rather because the conditions for their recurrence show up time and again. Modes of foreign relations, then, are rooted in everyday life: "tribes" are something we form from our circles of friends. Tribal differences, moreover, show up in phenomena such as with race relations in the United States, as van der Pijl points out in detail. The citizens of "empire" are our domesticated selves, and, as van der Pijl suggests at the end, "the barbarian... is already among us and even inside ourselves" (274).
The bulk of this book is an interesting history of each mode of foreign relations in which van der Pijl explains world history in terms of the development of these modes of foreign relations. The second chapter is about tribal prehistory and history, the third chapter is about the history of empires (which for the most part extends to the end of the Middle Ages), the fourth chapter is about the "ethnogenesis of the West" through the early modern era, and the last chapter tries to sort out recent history and the world of the present day.
The first discussion, of the genesis of the world's tribal relations, shows how tribal relations emerged from the pre-industrial stratum of the world of the Ice Ages. From the genesis of the tribes themselves began the elaboration of sets of rules for interaction between "outsiders," those belonging to different tribes.
The second discussion relates to empires, typically ruled by warrior aristocracies which seize control of "the world" (rather, the geographical area which each empire was able to occupy in its time and space) in order to protect its agricultural base. Within an empire, foreign relations still continue between the different tribes under its domain; but then there arises a new form of foreign relations, relations between the empire itself and the nomadic tribes outside its domain. The nomadic tribes were typically impoverished; but their peoples typically retained a hardy warrior spirit which the domesticated inhabitants of empire usually lacked.
The third discussion relates to the beginning of sovereign nation-states, which came out of the dissolution of what van der Pijl calls the "empire of Western Christianity." The "empire of Western Christianity," the Catholic world of the Middle Ages, was unique because of its religious nature (i.e. the separation of Papal authority from secular kingship), its employment of converted nomads (e.g. the Normans) as frontier warriors, and its creation and employment of migrant populations (e.g. the Crusades). The "empire of western Christianity" thus combined the most dynamic aspects of both empire and nomad social formations, and was thus a staging point for the "conquest of the oceans" once Europeans discovered the New World. The collapse of this formation was the point of entry for European global conquest, around which coalesced the European nation-states.
The last discussion in van der Pijl's book relates to institutions of global governance, and the fact that these institutions relate to a scheme to impose a particular capitalist culture (English-speaking, rooted in Wall Street) upon the world. In such a world, van der Pijl asserts:
There are real regressive tendencies operative in the current period that make tribal forms more ubiquitous, as the way of life of many hundreds of millions is collapsing back into primitive existence. (199)
OK, so global governance has failed to deliver on its promise. We can see this in the economic regression of much of Africa, in "failed states," in the failure of the system to deal with abrupt climate change, in the current economic collapse, in the destabilized regimes cited in David's book. What is to be done? Van der Pijl's suggested solution combines Marx's "recommendation" that the working class take control over the means of production (and financial sphere) with three recommendations as regards the tribalized world into which we are now regressing:
1. In terms of occupying space, a multiplication of sovereign spheres, from cultural autonomy of communities claiming a separate existence and granted the minority rights of ethnic law, via subregional, state, and supranational democratic institutions to the UN.
1. In terms of protection, a multilateral framework for security, based on the established collective security regime of the UN and police action for protection against violence.
1. In terms of exchange, the equitable organisation of the world's productive capacity. Obviously this can only be meaningful if it coincides with the transformation towards a sustainable, associated mode of production and within the limits of the possible set by the need to preserve the biosphere. (200)
So van der Pijl's suggestion for a "revolutionary transition" would bring us a world administered by the UN, after which we would have to see "the abrogation of the West's superior sovereign claim" (201). This is not a call to "merely bank on a popular insurrection" (204) -- rather, van der Pijl wishes to persuade what he calls the "cadre class," the empowered intelligentsia, that this is the best of possible options.
Back in the 1990s, the capitalist elites dreamed that they had at last, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, achieved the world order they wanted. Ethnic differences would dissolve in a globalized Disneyland of international culture, economic questions would dissolve in the universal adherence to the rules of "free market capitalism," and political issues would be tested and succeed (or fail) according to the rules set by representational democracy. Or so said the likes of Francis Fukuyama.
And the rest of us, hiding from this order in the academies of the world, hoped that some dramatic event would occur on planet Earth which would recover the politicized hope for social renewal. Remember, this was the era in which the Right took hold of everyday politics through the Contract With America and used it to promote "tribal" concerns (eg Propositions 187 and 227 in California, the Welfare Bill, and so on). I suppose the "Battle of Seattle" was that event -- and van der Pijl writes praisingly of the "summit-hopping anticapitalist nomads" (209) which contested "empire" for a short time thereafter.
And the capitalist dream did not succeed. Ethnic differences still abound in local warfare; economic questions today are about whether the capitalist system itself can survive the current crisis; and political issues are about how the oligarchies currently in power will do nothing to stop the scary, dystopian future they refuse to prevent.
Our political discourse, however, seems quite doomed. The anticapitalist nomads disappeared after 9/11/01, and so we're still left with an "empire without nomads" political formation, in which the objection to Bush did not really contest US empire (see especially the 2004 election) but rather disputed Bush's way of handling it. Politics today has been domesticated by elites, amidst a world-situation in which, as van der Pijl says:
What we are experiencing today is an exhaustion of the social and natural substratum on which economic reproduction, under the market discipline imposed by globalized capital accumulation, rests. (198)
In short, doomed.
Van der Pijl's suggestions, outlined at the end of his book, might be a major alternative to all this. The author of Nomads, Empires, States does not merely bank upon some idealized revolution which will bring us his idealized picture of the world; rather, the "cadre classes" of the world, the intelligentsia, will visit the world's frontiers, observe the destruction of what's meaningful and good in the world, and act appropriately to preserve what's left. Recommended.
His University of Sussex profile
Theory Talks interview with van der Pijl
Kees van der Pijl on Google video
an older piece on the European "Left"
His Global Political Economy book (in PDF format)
The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class (in htm.)
my second diary here on DKos
my review of his book on recent history
Originally posted to Cassiodorus on Wed May 20, 2009 at 08:51 AM PDT.
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• Tips for Kees van der Pijl (5+ / 0-)
Do what you will with this diary -- it's rather lengthy and complex, as is its subject matter. I don't expect a lot of comments.
"You must do what you feel is right, of course" -- Obi-Wan Kenobi, in Episode IV
by Cassiodorus on Wed May 20, 2009 at 08:58:07 AM PDT
• Thank you for this diary. (3+ / 0-)
I have hotlisted it and will read it in depth later.
Sadly, I think you are correct, there won't be that many comments. A diary like this takes time to read and absorb.
• Always a pleasure Cassiodorus (3+ / 0-)
A banquet for thought. When we extricate our collective selves from the gloom of desperate late (terminal) capitalism it will be because we take the time and make the effort to reexamine our social structures not in terms of politics, but in terms of epistemology. Sappy optimist that I am, I believe we are seeing the early signs of this, shallow as yet, but (for the first time in my life) beginning to overcome the fear of looking in a better direction. Capitalism has begun to lose the loyalty of the middle class, what was once unshakable dogma is now open to critique. It has taken its best shot and missed the mark. I suspect nearly everyone knows this now. The next steps aren't very clear, but that they lead away from the predominant received ideas of the last two centuries is obvious.
• Great stuff always. (2+ / 0-)
Recommended by:
borkitekt, Cassiodorus
Thank you once again.
Iraq Moratorium
by One Pissed Off Liberal on Wed May 20, 2009 at 10:03:37 AM PDT
• Not the lightest diary of the day (1+ / 0-)
Recommended by:
A diary like this deserves a reply at book length, but instead I'll just fire off some random thoughts.
First, some assumptions:
1. Humans use two main social strategies: cooperate and compete.
1. Throughout most of our existence as a species, the greatest existential threats have been from other people.
1. All civilized societies have a class structure, in which a lower class (peasants and workers) is involved in direct production, and an elite class lives off of the production of the lower class.
1. In the last few centuries, at the level of geopolitics, the greatest perceived threat to any empire or nation state has been from other empires and nation states.
1. Within empires or nation states, an additional perceived threat (besides that of external rivals) to any ruling faction has been competition from alternative, "pretender" factions.
These inherited assumptions rule the contemporary political-economic-social dynamic. But in this century, there is a new factor that upsets the cultural applecart. That is the sustainability crisis, of course. The new greatest threat to empires and nation states, ruling factions, elite classes, and all people is not other humans, it is the imminent, global collapse of the ability of the natural world (substratum) to support society in anything like its present form, or humanity itself at anything like its present scale.
This raises some interesting questions.
1. Will anyone, beyond a few eccentric intellectuals, notice and attend to the new greatest threat?
1. If there is a response to the threat, will it be in the cooperate or compete mode?
1. Is it even possible for a nation, faction, class, or tribe to successfully respond to the sustainability crisis using a strategy based primarily on competition?
1. Do the elite nations and classes believe that they will somehow be protected by their "eliteness"?
1. Do we eccentric intellectuals believe that (regardless of whether we approve)?
My intuition says this:
1. Competition with other humans is a disastrous strategy for dealing with the sustainability threat. It requires the competitors to do more of the very things that, as a whole population, we must do less of-- namely, consuming resources and generating waste.
1. "Eliteness" is not a protection, if only because as the non-elites slide or get pushed over the cliff, they will tear up every particle of the natural world on their way down. There will not be a single tree left on the continent of Africa. Because the biosphere is a whole system, we need trees in Africa if we are to grow corn in Iowa.
1. If we are to survive the sustainability crisis, we'll need the elites to voluntarily surrender some or all of their "eliteness". The prospects of this happening are not especially bright (heh). It would be contrary to the fundamental strategy of the elite classes as evolved over approximately 8000 years of civilization. Nonetheless, it is possible, because it is in their actual best interest.
1. Unfortunately, some people might rather die as a Lord than live as a peasant. I wouldn't mind that so much, if it didn't mean everyone else has to die too.
I don't know how to end this comment, so I'll just stop. Thanks for another terrific diary, Cassiodorus!
• You are correct to assume that -- (1+ / 0-)
Recommended by:
the elites/ masses problem is indeed the biggest part of the problem. Van der Pijl tries to get around this by becoming involved in the affairs of what he calls the "cadre class," the expert managerial class responsible for managing the world of elite rule. The "cadre class," he suggests, is ideologically committed to the existing order, but (on the bright side) they can see how bad it's gotten, because some of them are actually out there working, whereas the elites can hide behind their gated mansions and continue to pay the cadre class for their ideological duties.
Thus as for noticing the new threat: well, the people in the world's Arctic regions have pretty securely noticed it, as also (I suppose) the folks in Europe (e.g. the summer of 2003) and Australia (w/ this summer's wildfires)... this is why we have Mark Lynas, to scare the wits out of them... van der Pijl is kind of a super-metathinker, way up in the land of theory...
by Cassiodorus on Wed May 20, 2009 at 01:21:41 PM PDT
[ Parent ]
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Comments Threshold
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By Spivonious on 10/6/2008 10:50:49 AM , Rating: 2
Just to add a qualifier to my claim, I've been using computers since 1985 (go Apple II/C!), and computers connected to the Internet since 1994 (and before then using Prodigy).
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By Lord 666 on 10/6/2008 10:55:58 AM , Rating: 4
Then this disclaimer is more of a disqualifier as you clearly do not represent the average American.
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By porkpie on 10/6/2008 7:14:07 PM , Rating: 3
I don't run antivirus software either, and I've used a computer almost every day for the past 15 years.
Not doing stupid things like opening email with attachments is better security than things like Norton AV.
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By threepac3 on 10/6/2008 12:28:00 PM , Rating: 2
I have always wondered this: How can you say you don't get viruses(trojins, worms, destructive malware), if you don't use a good anti-virus or firewall program?
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By rykerabel on 10/6/2008 6:09:08 PM , Rating: 2
By installing one.
Testing for viruses.
And after finding that yes, basic precautions > virus and thus there are none and AV is not needed, then uninstalling the Antivirus software.
Same here, been online since 1987 (DARPAnet) and I only install/test/uninstall AV twice a year. Have only gotten a virus once when my son downloaded a program from Disney O.o and I removed that one manually without any software (and tested using software to confirm).
RE: I guess I'm "befuddled"
By Zoomer on 10/6/2008 9:48:03 PM , Rating: 2
Yup, me too.
The only virus I came across was a harmless little POS that I caught while I was scanning an incoming unknown floppy on my 486. Don't remember it's name, unfortunately. Back then, mcafee was actually good.
Related Articles
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Comments Threshold
RE: Misconduct
By mmcdonalataocdotgov on 12/3/2009 7:26:24 AM , Rating: 5
It's called the logical fallacy of rational construction. That is where one embraces a conclusion first, and then finds evidence to support their conclusion, rather than weighing all the evidence and drawing a conclusion from it.
It is interesting to note that while the global warming ilk do this blatantly, as here, and admit it, they turn around and accuse the anti-global warming crowd of doing the same thing (to level the playing field, I guess - it really would mean neither side is right) or call them muddled and confused (I say old chap.)
This is why the creationists, who have been caught many times fabricating "evidence" accuse people who don't believe in creationism of having an atheist agenda, which makes them rational constructionists, too.
And let's not get into the ad hominim fallacies (you're wrong cause you're a d!<k), we get enough of that on DT already.
RE: Misconduct
By AlexWade on 12/3/2009 8:21:56 AM , Rating: 2
I think of it this way. A person starts with the answer, and then asks the question that will give the answer he or she desires. For example: "Man made global warming is real. How do I prove it?" Science should always start with the question, and then search for the answer to that question. For example: "Is man made global warming real? The proof says ..."
RE: Misconduct
By Lerianis on 12/3/2009 2:29:52 PM , Rating: 2
Yes, it should always start with "Is this X thing real?" but many times in the past 100 years, it has NOT been that way. I can think of a psychological study (which I will not name because I will be bashed) that was the ONLY legitimate study on a certain subject, yet was universally degraded because it didn't fit what 'society' thought was the truth..... ah, hell.... I'll mention it anyway: Rind!
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An introduction to sample size and power calculations by uwx15571
An introduction to sample size and power
Bhaswati Ganguli,
Department of Statistics,
University of Calcutta.
1st December, 2009.
An example
Sample 1: 99 64 91 115 101
Sample 2: 119 116 97 126 114
True difference in population means is 5
Two Sample t-test
t = 2.1294, df = 8, p-value = 0.06586
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is
not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval= [-1.7, 43.2]
Now lets repeat this experiment 100 times
In 92 out of 100
repetitions, we conclude
that there is no
difference in sample
Power for comparison of 2 means.
mu1 = 110
mu2 = 115
sd1 = 20
sd2 = 20
n1 =5
n2 =5
alpha = 0.05
power = 0.059
Another example
Sample 1: 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Sample 2: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
True population Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.5
The 95% confidence interval for the OR is [0.06, 3.8]
Repeat the experiment 100 times
In 71 out of 100
repetitions, we
conclude that the
population OR is 1.
Some prerequisites
Parameter
Test of hypothesis
Power
“..much confusion may arise when a word in common
use is also given a technical meaning. Statistics abounds
in such terms, including normal, random, variance,
significant, etc.”
Altman & Martin ; BMJ 1999;318:1667-1667
( 19 June ).
Variable: Information recorded about a sample of
Parameter: do not relate to actual measurements or
attributes but to quantities defining a theoretical model.
In green = Histogram showing distribution of
measurements of serum albumin in 481 white men.
In red = Density showing the normal distribution which
fits the data most closely.
Test of hypothesis
A rule for deciding, based on the observed sample,
whether the population parameter assumes a certain
specified value.
Tests of hypothesis
H 0 : The mean serum albumin among white males aged over 30 is 40.
H a :The mean serum albumin among white males aged over 30 is 48.
H 0 : The proportion of low birth weight babies in rural India is 20%.
H a : The proportion of low birth weight babies in rural India is 40%.
H 0 : The OR for osteoporeosis among women as compared to men is 1.0.
H a : The OR for osteoporeosis among women as compared to men is 2.0.
Parameter =a single proportion
Health workers wish to determine whether the rate of
neonatal tetanus is decreasing.
What sample size is necessary to test the null hypothesis
that the population proportion is 0.15 at the 0.05 level if
it is desired to have a 90% probability of detecting a
decrease to a rate of 100 per thousand if that were the
true proportion?
Prob[ test correctly detects decrease| proportion is 0.1,
Type I error = 0.05] = 0.9
n =1.645√0.15(0.85) + 1.282√0.10(0.90)2(0.05)2 =
377.90 .
Hence we see that a total sample size of 378 live births
would be necessary.
For more details:
References: Dixon and Massey (1983),
Lemeshow et al. (1990),
Fleiss (1981)
Lachin (1981).
Books containing sample size tables are available e.g.
Machin and Campbell (1987);
Machin et al. (1997;
Lemeshow et al. (1990).
Commercial and public domain software available.
R Documentation for binom.confint
Nine methods are allowed for constructing the confidence interval(s):
Exact - Pearson-Klopper method.
Asymptotic - using the Central Limit Theorem.
agresti-coull - Agresti-Coull method.
Wilson - Wilson method.
prop.test - equivalent to prop.test(x = x, n = n, conf.level = conf.level)$
Bayes - see binom.bayes.
Logit - see binom.logit.
Cloglog - see binom.cloglog.
Probit - see binom.probit.
Profile - see binom.profile.
Parameter= Relative Risk
Two competing therapies for a particular cancer are to
be evaluated in a multi-center clinical trial. Patients
are randomized to either treatment A or B and are
followed for recurrence of disease for five years following
How many patients should be studied in each of the two
arms of the trial in order to have 90% power to reject
H0 : RR = 1 in favor of the alternative RR = 0.5, if the
test is to be performed at the two-sided α = 0.05 level
and it is assumed that the probability of recurrence in
the placebo group= 0.35?
Parameter=Odds Ratio
The efficacy of BCG vaccine in preventing childhood
tuberculosis is in doubt and a study is designed to
compare the immunization coverage rates in a group of
tuberculosis cases compared to a group of controls.
Available information indicates that roughly 30% of the
controls are not vaccinated, and we wish to have an
80% chance of detecting whether the odds ratio
is significantly different from 1 at the 5% level.
If an odds ratio of 2 would be considered an important
difference between the two groups, how large a sample
should be included in each study group?
Additional Considerations
References: Dixon and Massey (1983), Lemeshow et al.
(1990), Fleiss (1981) Lachin (1981).
Books containing sample size tables are available e.g. Machin
and Campbell 1987; Machin et al. 1997; Lemeshow et al.
Commercial and public domain software is available for sample
size calculation.
Fine print:
May be based on normal approximation or Fishers exact test
May require variance stabilisation,
May require continuity corrections for values near 0 or 1 (or for
small sample sizes),
For a fixed total size, power will tend to be higher if sample sizes
are equal
Sample size calculations for the difference between two correlated
proportions are based on the McNemar test.
Parameter =Difference in mean values
A two-group, randomized trial is planned in elderly females
after hip fracture.
The outcome variable will be change in hematocrit level during
the study.
The sample sizes in the two groups will be equal.
A 5% level two-sided t test.
Pilot data suggests that the standard deviation for change
will be about 2.0%
It would be of interest to detect a difference of 2.2% in the
changes observed in placebo and treated groups.
What sample size in each group would be required to achieve a
power of 90% ?
Unequal variances: When the standard deviations in the
two groups are markedly unequal, the usual t test with
pooled variances is no longer the appropriate test.
Transformations:
Eg square root, log, Box-Cox
Use if there is a pattern to the inequality
(eg if groups with higher means have higher sds)
If transformation does not solve the problem,it is
possible that comparison of means is not the most
appropriate method.
If it is,a two sample t-test appropriate for a Behrens
Fisher situation may be used.
If non-normality is an issue,
Plan a large study
Consider transformations
Use a non-parametric procedure instead, such as the
two-sample Mann-Whitney|Wilcoxon rank test.
Logistic Regression with a single
continuous risk factor
About 30% of patients with blocked arteries followed for a
year will have renewed blockage = “restenosis”.
A study is to be planned to assess the effect of serum
cholesterol on the likelihood of restenosis.
Based on the prior results from a screening trial, mean
serum cholesterol in middle-aged males is about 210
One standard deviation above the mean is approximately
250 mg/dL.
In the screening study, the OR for the six-year death rate
for these two cholesterol levels was about 1.5. The study
should be large enough to detect an effect of serum
cholesterol on arterial restenosis of a size similar to that
seen for death rate.
Logistic regression with a single
continuous covariate
We plan to conduct the test of the predictive effect of
cholesterol level on the probability of restenosis using a
5% two-sided test and want to have 90% power to
detect an odds ratio of 1.5 for values of cholesterol of
250 mg/dL versus 210 mg/dL.
We set the effect size, δ =|μ1 − μ2|/σ = 0.405.
The ratio of sample sizes expected to be in the no-
restenosis versus the restenosis groups, r, equals
0.7|0.3 = 2.333.
Variance Inflation Factor
Adjusting sample size for multiple risk factors
and confounders
Precise sample size calculations require precise
quantitative information about the
interdependence structure between the
We can however, use a “variance inflation
factor” to adjust the sample size for the single
covariate case.
Variance Inflation Factor
If two other covariates with a squared multiple
correlation with cholesterol of 0.15 are to be entered into
the logistic regression
Multiply the sample size obtained for a single covariate
by the variance inflation factor 1/(1 − 0.15)= 1.18, to
increase the required sample size to 365.
The design effect
In reality we use more complex survey designs such as cluster
New sample size = sample size under SRS X “Design effect”
“Design effect” = 1 + d (n – 1),
where d = intraclass correlation for the statistic in question
n = the average size of the cluster
Measurement error and sample size
FREEDMAN, L.S., SCHATZKIN, A. and WAX, Y. (1990), AJE, 132 ,1185-1195.
Dietary measurement error has two consequences relevant to epidemiologic studies: first,
a proportion of subjects are misclassified into the wrong groups, and second, the
distribution of reported intakes is wider than the distribution of true intakes. While the
first effect has been dealt with by several other authors, the second effect has not
received as much attention. Using a simple errors-in-measurement model, the authors
investigate the implications of measurement error for the distribution of fat intake. They
then show how the inference of a more narrow distribution of true intakes affects the
calculation of sample size for a cohort study. The authors give an example of the
calculation for a cohort study investigating dietary fat and colorectal cancer. This shows
that measurement error has a profound effect on sample size requiring a six to
eightfold increase over the number required in the absence of error. If the
correlation coefficient between reported and true intakes is 0.65. Reliable detection of a
relative risk of 1.36 beween a true intake of greater than 47.5% calories from fat and less
than 25% calories from fat would require approximately one million subjects.
Resource: Sample size calculator at
Resources in R
Available from
pwr: power and sample size calculations folowing Cohen (1998).
asypow: power utilizing asymptotic Likelihood Ratio Methods
Bayescount Bayesian Power calculations for count distributions data
using MCMC
Normalp: Package for exponential power distributions
pammPower analysis for random effects in mixed models
binomSamsize: Confidence intervals and sample size determination
for a binomial proportion under simple random sampling and pooled
pairwiseCI: Confidence intervals for two sample comparison
MBESS sample size calculations for behavioural models obtained by
setting the width of the confidence intervals
epiR, epicalc,powersurvEpi: sample size calculations for a variety of
epidemiological designs
Survey: Analysis of complex surveys
HMisc, TeachingDemos: Sample size calculation and visual tools to
illustrate associated concepts
Genetic power calculators
Purcell S, Cherny SS, Sham PC. (2003) Genetic Power
Calculator: design of linkage and association genetic
mapping studies of complex traits. Bioinformatics,
Sample size calculator at
Practical Issues
For complex study designs or statistical methods, there
may be no easily applied formulae or software.
Use simplifications of the design
Simulation
Investigate whether the sample size is adequate for
evaluation of secondary outcomes
analyses of pre-defined subsets.
Sample size values obtained from software will need to
be inflated to allow for dropout or loss to follow up.
All power calculations should be accompanied by
sensitivity analysis.
Prospective vs retrospective analysis
Prospective power analyses is exploratory in nature.
Retrospective analysis = After the study, we may be concerned
that the statistical power of the test was low
Question :Should additional information (particularly the
observed effect size and variance) be used to retrospectively
calculate the power of the test?
Thomas, L. (1997) Retrospective power analysis. ConservationBiology, 11,276–280
Different methods may lead to different conclusions.
It is unfortunate that this kind of power analysis is readily available
in statistical software packages.
Retrospective analyses are no substitute for the proper
planning of research.
Why perform/ report formal sample size
Small sample size
Does not imply bias
Will manifest itself as large confidence intervals and lack of
Sample size calculations are important
Guarantees adequate precision
First, they specify the primary endpoint
Safeguards against changing outcomes and claiming “significant”
An alert for potential problems.
Did the trial encounter recruitment difficulties?
Did the trial stop early?
Was a formal statistical stopping rule used?
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Child Health Notes Instructions by jasminebyrd
Child Health Notes Instructions:
Adolescent Health History Summary
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health note. To customize the Child Health Note highlight the (#) and type right over your
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Ear by zzzmarcus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Introduction to ears and hearing
Human (external) ear The ear is the organ that detects sound. The vertebrate ear shows a common biology from fish to humans, with variations in structure according to order and species. It not only acts as a receiver for sound, but plays a major role in the sense of balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system. The word "ear" may be used correctly to describe the entire organ or just the visible portion. In most animals, the visible ear is a flap of tissue that is also called the pinna. The pinna may be all that shows of the ear, but it serves only the first of many steps in hearing and plays no role in the sense of balance. In people, the pinna is often called the auricle. Vertebrates have a pair of ears, placed symmetrically on opposite sides of the head. This arrangement aids in the ability to localize sound sources. Anatomy of the human ear. (The length of the auditory canal is exaggerated in this image) The outer part of the ear collects sound. That sound pressure is amplified through the middle portion of the ear and, in land animals, passed from the medium of air into a liquid medium. The change from air to liquid occurs because air surrounds the head and is contained in the ear canal and middle ear, but not in the inner ear. The inner ear is hollow, embedded in the temporal bone, the densest bone of the body. The hollow channels of the inner ear are filled with liquid, and contain a sensory epithelium that is studded with hair cells. The microscopic "hairs" of these cells are structural protein filaments that project out into the fluid. The hair cells are mechanoreceptors that release a chemical neurotransmitter when stimulated. Sound waves moving through fluid push the filaments; if the filaments bend over enough it causes the hair cells to fire. In this way sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. In vision,
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mammalian ear
Bat pinnae come in different sizes and shapes The shape of outer ear of mammals varies widely across species. However the inner workings of mammalian ears (including humans’) are very similar.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Middle ear
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Damage to the human ear
Outer ear trauma
Inner ear: cochlea, vestibule, and semi-circular canals
Inner Ear
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
would place this exposed population in the hundreds of millions.
Vestigial structures
Comparative anatomy of primate ears: Human (left) and Barbary Macaque (right). It has long been known that humans, and indeed other primates such as the orangutan and chimpanzee have ear muscles that are minimally developed and nonfunctional, yet still large enough to be easily identifiable.[9] These undeveloped muscles are vestigial structures. A muscle that cannot move the ear, for whatever reason, can no longer be said to have any biological function. This serves as evidence of homology between related species. In humans there is variability in these muscles, such that some people are able to move their ears in various directions, and it has been said that it may be possible for others to gain such movement by repeated trials.[9]
Middle ear trauma
Non-vertebrate hearing organs
Inner ear trauma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
allow the fly to home in directly on a singing male cricket and parasitize it.[11] Simpler structures allow arthropods to detect near field sounds. Spiders and cockroaches, for example, have hairs on their legs which are used for detecting sound. Caterpillars may also have hairs on their body that perceive vibrations[12] and allow them to respond to the sound.
[10] Yack, JE, and JH Fullard, 1993. What is an insect ear? Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 86(6): 677-682. [11] Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press. [12] Scoble, MJ. 1992. The Lepidoptera: Form, function, and diversity. Oxford Univ. Press.
See also
[7] [8]
• WikiSaurus:ear — the WikiSaurus list of synonyms Greinwald, John H. Jr MD; Hartnick, Christopher J. and slang words for ears in many languages MD The Evaluation of Children With Hearing Loss. • Absolute threshold of hearing Archives of Otolaryngology — Head & Neck • Acoustic reflex Surgery. 128(1):84-87, January 2002 • Cerumen Stenström, J. Sten: Deformities of the ear; In: Grabb, • Cholesteatoma W., C., Smith, J.S. (Edited): “Plastic Surgery”, Little, • Ear pick Brown and Company, Boston, 1979, ISBN • Ear piercing 0-316-32269-5 (C), ISBN 0-316-32268-7 (P) • Ear piercing instrument Deborah S. Sarnoff, Robert H. Gotkin, and Joan Swirsky • Earring (2002). Instant Beauty: Getting Gorgeous on Your Lunch • Georg von Békésy, winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Break. St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 031228697X. his research on the cochlea • Glossary of medical terms related to communications http://books.google.com/ disorders books?id=ljeY_Tvyl_MC&pg=PA60&ots=pt_I8xjg9k&dq=earlobe+tear+earring&sig=YBnRJSoIUiA1Kjhrzpq_Odd_0yk. • Loudness Lam SM. Edward Talbot Ely: father of aesthetic • Musical acoustics otoplasty. [Biography. Historical Article. Journal • Noise health effects Article] Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 6(1):64, • Otoplasty External Ear Surgery 2004 Jan-Feb. • Pitch (music) Siegert R. Combined reconstruction of congenital • Sound localization auricular atresia and severe microtia. [Evaluation • Timbre Studies. Journal Article] Laryngoscope. • Tinnitus 113(11):2021-7; discussion 2028-9, 2003 Nov. • Vestibular system Trigg DJ. Applebaum EL. Indications for the • Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test surgical repair of unilateral aural atresia in children. [Review] [33 refs] [Journal Article. Review] American Journal of Otology. 19(5):679-84; discussion 684-6, 1998 Sep. • Protein behind hearing Anson and Donaldson, Surgical Anatomy of the • 3D Ear page Temporal Bone, 4th Edition, Raven Press, 1992 • Details of various ear problems Senate Public Works Committee, Noise Pollution • Ear wiggling mechanism unmasked and Abatement Act of 1972, S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd • Cotton swabs can pose serious health risk: coroner Cong. 2nd session. from ctv.ca ^ Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray: London.
External links
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear" Categories: Ear, Sensory organs, Auditory system, Head and neck This page was last modified on 16 May 2009, at 21:10 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
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Moto of Ed Hardy Born Wild For Women is 'Let this daring fragrance take you on an adventure as impossible to resist as the woman wearing it / ' The feminine version is created by perfumer Calice Becker who wanted to depict a tropical island warm sunset long beaches and tasty cocktails / The perfume opens with refreshing fruity aromas of blackberry and black currant buds / A heart develops into intoxicating accords of magnolia and peach blossom / Notes of base continue the story with flowers and wood - lily of the valley and sandalwood and finally only attractive scent of musk lingers on the skin /
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1895
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Welcome! Log in or Register
Tiny Furniture (DVD)
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Genre: Comedy / Suitable for 15 years and over / Director: Lena Dunham / Actors: Lena Dunham, Jemima Kirke, Laurie Simmons, Grace Dunham, David Call ... / DVD released 2012-05-28 at Independent / Features of the DVD: PAL
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1896
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Canton Tea Jasmine Silver Needle White Tea Tin
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Brand: Canton Tea / Type: White Tea
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Loose leaf white tea from china infused with fresh jasmine blossoms Made entirely from young white tea buds and fresh jasmine flowers no artificial flavourings or scents Smooth, creamy, delicate and heady with jasmine From fujian, china
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1897
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Scalextric G1058 EA Games Need For Speed Race Set
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Brand: Hornby
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Since the introduction of the first game in 2004, Need For Speedª has established itself as the ultimate driving video game, offering gamers a world of non-stop and action-packed excitement. It therefore makes perfect sense for the ultimate driving video game developer to team up with the leading electric car racing game.This Need For Speedª set features two Nissan 350Z cars, racing over 3.7m of track.All car decoration schemes have been designed exclusively for Scalextric by the EA studio, based in Vancouver.The set includes instructions to build 5 exciting circuits to race on. Micro Scalextric is ideal for the younger slot racer and the perfect introduction to the action-packed world of Scalextric racing. Space Required 120cm x 68cm, Track Length 370cm. Ages 4 years +
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1910
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Why 'more or less stopped using ISO'?
Started Feb 19, 2014 | Questions thread
Regular MemberPosts: 192
Re: Maybe this will help.
In reply to Iliah Borg, Feb 22, 2014
Iliah Borg wrote:
Using ISO as your only control to influence the brightness of the final image.
Why? Why I'm supposed to use something so un-photographic for photography?
What ISO? Based on 106%, 170%, or something else?
What about clipping?
Don't you know that raising ISO setting is just like using faster film, last resort?
What is brightness of the final image, brightness where, in midtone? Quite often we want to bring more contrast to midtones, not more brightness; but not to dig into the shadow noise and colour artifacts. Final image is about characteristic curve, brightness is meaningless.
Relax! The question was intended for Bob, to clarify the relationship between ISO and brightness. Let's see what he comes up with.
Reply Reply with quote Complain
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1945
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Salt Mills
To many, beautiful salt mills are associated with classy restaurants. The addition of salt makes your already delicious meals that much better. Show off your salt mills and give your customers the dinner that they deserve. Give your customers the option of having fine grains of salt of coarse ones. There is no specific way to operate a salt mill since different models are operated differently.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1956
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If you've been yearning for a long weekend on the campgrounds, and you've already made arrangements for a svelte hotel / tent hybrid to reside in, the only thing missing (besides the obligatory USB-powered lantern) is your bicycle. General Motors has developed a sleeker, more elegant method to hauling around your bike of choice than those awkward third-party apparatuses; its Flex-Fit system consists of an integrated bike rack that covertly hides within the rear bumper of your automobile, and at the presumed press of a button, the system pulls a stunt akin to those found in highly touted spy films. By sliding out from beneath the vehicle in order to holster the bike and expose a secondary license plate (in case the boys in blue need to check up on you), it removes the hassle of affixing a rack onto your ride, only to worry over its stability the entire trip. Once the bicycle has been removed, the mechanism slides conveniently back into the vehicle, leaving no trace of the SUV's carrying abilities. The system is only available on the (European) Opel Antara at the moment, and while we aren't sure if the Flex-Fit will ever find its way on to vehicles destined for America, having a bike onboard could be an excellent backup should you run out of fuel (or money to afford it).
Public Access
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1959
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Those catchy tunes we remember from Psychonauts are now available online as Double Fine has released the soundtrack and cinematic score to Tim Schafer's mental adventure over most major online outlets, including iTunes, Napster, Rhapsody, eMusic and Amazon.
Oh sure, we already own the Peter McConnell-composed music on CD, but as the studio's blog puts it, eCopies free us from such dangers as "deadly plastic discs" and "eye-burning lasers." Well, when you put it that way, here take our digital money. Just please don't melt our brains.
This article was originally published on Joystiq.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1961
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Got yourself a copy of Darksiders but, for whatever reason (admit it, you lost it), don't have the slip of paper it came with containing the "mystery code" redeemable for a free copy of Red Faction Guerrilla and digital art book? Seems you're not out of luck -- unless you bought it second-hand (or "pre-played," if you will).
Vigil has announced via its official Darksiders blog that those without codes, but who purchased the game new can still get the free RFG and disc full o' artwork. It's a little more work than simply clicking a link and typing in a code, but, hey, free is free. Those who want in on the promotion must fill out a form, provide "your original purchase receipt of a NEW copy of Darksiders," the barcode from the cover insert and, like everything else, pay shipping and "handling" (we never quite got what that is, exactly).
You have until March 7 to get in on the promotion, whatever your situation may be.
[Thanks, NBA Kirkland]
This article was originally published on Joystiq.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1966
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Biostar HiFi Z77X motherboard gives audiophiles 71channel analog sound with amp, overpriced cables thankfully optional
There haven't been many choices in PC motherboards for audiophiles -- the 'real' kind that might see even a good dedicated sound card as slumming it. Biostar wants to fill that untapped niche with the Hi-Fi Z77X. Along with run-of-the-mill expansion for an Ivy Bridge- or Sandy Bridge-based desktop, the board's built-in 7.1-channel audio flaunts six 3.5mm analog jacks, an amp and the kind of exotic-sounding language that leads audio addicts to buy $2,000 cables they don't need. We're talking "metal-oxide film resistors" and "non-polarized electrolysis electric audio capacitors," here. Whether or not the changes have an appreciable impact on sound quality, listeners are ironically left out of S/PDIF audio, which exists only as a header on the board unless buyers spend a little more on parts. That said, if we assume the as yet unknown price isn't stereotypically high -- and that audiophiles don't mind a big, potentially noisy desktop as a home theater PC -- the Hi-Fi Z77x could be a treat for those who want to wring every nuance out of music and movie soundtracks.
Public Access
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1968
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We imagine the thrill of the kill is its own reward in War of the Vikings, but there are also more tangible gains – like improved equipment and weaponry. In this trailer for War of the Vikings, we're shown how a soldier progresses and pays for new equipment with his opponents' blood.
This article was originally published on Joystiq.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/1987
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Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Breckin Meyer Bash Dustin Diamond: He's Such a D*ck
Franklin & Bash stars Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Breckin Meyer stopped by HuffPost Live to talk about their hit TNT series, when the talk turned to Gosselaar's former Saved by the Bell co-star Dustin Diamond, 37.
Given that Diamond's tell-all book about his time on the beloved series Behind the Bell wasn't exactly positive, not surprisingly, they weren't inclined to say nice things about the controversial former Celebrity Fit Club star, aka Screech.
Video: Lifetime to Air 'Saved by the Bell' Tell-All Film
"It is negative -- that I must say. Everything I've heard about his book is that it is negative, and I don't remember those things because my experience on the show was very positive," Gosselaar, 40, said.
But Meyer wasn't so kind.
"This guy's such a d*ck," Meyer, 40, said bluntly. "I don't know Dustin at all, but everything I read ... the Dustin Diamond thing is just so silly. It's so negative, and it always bums me out. I know everybody from the show … I know Elizabeth [Berkley], Tiffani [Thiessen], Mario [Lopez] and everyone has nothing but awesome times to say about that, except for Dustin, and I'm like, 'That might be you, bro.'"
Gosselaar also stressed that though he doesn't have any involvement with the highly anticipated new Lifetime movie about the '90s comedy, he has nothing against talking about the show that made him a star.
" ... When people say, 'Oh you don't like talking about it,' it's like, 'No, I don't mind talking about it, it's just that I don't remember.' But also everything I do remember was extremely positive. We still have friendships from it."
Asked if they thought Diamond was making up some aspects of his scandalous book, Meyer once again didn't hold back -- before insulting his infamous sex tape.
Video: The Secret of 'Saved by the Bell'
"I think a bunch of it's bullsh*t. I think he's so full of sh*t," the former Clueless star said. "Like his sex tape -- it's all bullsh*t. You saw it -- that's not him. C'mon, Screech is not packing that. Get the hell out of here. He doesn't have six Beldings beneath him, there's no f*cking way. You're full of sh*t Dustin - suck it."
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2024
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Experience Project iOS Android Apps | Download EP for your Mobile Device
Eyes That Watch
I wish I was a fly on your wall so I could see your secrets.
AlternateSource AlternateSource 46-50, M 9 Responses May 8, 2010
Your Response
If only my secrets were worth while knowing by soneone who would find them adorable...
Seriously, you don't wanna know my secrets... ;) LOL
If you saw my secrets then they wouldn't mine anymore.
So would you keep them?
Reminds me of fly drones. I am not especially paranoid, but also not naive to the reality of incredible advanced it a fly, or a spy?
Ok, er, by the way, I have a cat. Very playful.
yikes! have any of scientist at your country made that superfly? don't export them to my country, got a lot enough over here, you name it: green, fruit, flyover etc.! LOL
I wouldn't be just an ordinary fly, but SUPERFLY!<br />
-Able to withstand swats from the thickest of rolled newspapers. even the LA Times!
a fly could be hit with some rolled newspaper, so wanna try becoming a hairbug? hehe
hehe quite telling :)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2032
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faqs.org - Internet FAQ Archives
RFC 1609 - Charting Networks in the X.500 Directory
Or Display the document by number
Network Working Group G. Mansfield
Request for Comments: 1609 AIC Systems Laboratory
Category: Experimental T. Johannsen
Dresden University
M. Knopper
Merit Networks, Inc.
March 1994
Charting Networks in the X.500 Directory
Status of this Memo
This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
There is a need for a framework wherein the infrastructural and
service related information about communication networks can be made
accessible from all places and at all times in a reasonably efficient
manner and with reasonable accuracy. This document presents a model
in which a communication network with all its related details and
descriptions can be represented in the X.500 Directory. Schemas of
objects and their attributes which may be used for this purpose are
presented. The model envisages physical objects and several logical
abstractions of the physical objects.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Infrastructural information requirements 2
3. The Nature of the Network Map - The X.500 Solution 4
4. The hierarchical model of a network 5
4.1 Network maps 5
4.2 Representation in the X.500 Directory 6
5. Position in The Directory Information Tree(DIT) 7
6. Proposed Schemes 8
6.1 Communication Object Classes 9
6.2 Physical elements 10
6.2.1 Network 10
6.2.2 Node 11
6.2.3 NetworkInterface 12
6.3 Logical Elements 12
6.3.1 Network 13
6.3.2 Node 13
6.3.3 NetworkInterface 13
7. Security Considerations 14
8. Authors' Addresses 14
9. References 15
1. Introduction
The rapid and widespread use of computer networking has highlighted
the importance of holding and servicing information about the
networking infrastructure itself. The growing and active interest in
network management, which has concentrated mainly in the areas of
fault and performance management on a local scale, is severely
constrained by the lack of any organized pool of information about
the network infrastructure itself. Some attempts have been made, on a
piecemeal basis, to provide a larger view of some particular aspect
of the network (WHOIS, DNS, .. in the case of the Internet; [1],
[2]). But to date, little or no effort has been made in setting up
the infrastructural framework, for such an information pool. In this
work we explore the possibility of setting up a framework to hold and
serve the infrastructural information of a network.
2. Infrastructural information requirements
Network operation and management requires information about the
structure of the network, the nodes, links and their properties.
Further, with current networks extending literally beyond bounds, the
scope of the information covers networks beyond the span of local
domain of authority or administration. When the Network was
relatively small and simple the map was already known to the
knowledgable network administrator. Based on this knowledge the
course of the packets to different destinations would be charted. But
presently the size of the Network is already beyond such usages. The
current growth of the Network is near explosive. This is giving rise
to the urgent necessity of having infrastructural and service related
information made accessible from all places and at all times in a
reasonably efficient manner and with reasonable accuracy. In the rest
of this work a network is the media for transmitting information.
Network elements are equipment with one or more network interfaces
whereby it is possible to exchange information with the network.
Network elements with multiple interfaces e.g.,
gateways/routers/bridges/repeaters... may be used to connect
networks. Network related information, referred to as 'network map'
in the rest of this paper, should
1. Show the interconnection between the various network
elements. This will basically represent the Network as a graph
where vertices represent objects like gateways/workstations/
subnetworks and edges indicate the connections.
2. Show properties and functions of the various network elements
and the interconnections. Attributes of vertices will represent
various properties of the objects e.g., speed, charge, protocol, OS,
etc. Functions include services offered by a network element.
3. Contain various name and address information of the networks
and network elements
4. Contain information about various administrative and management
details related to the networks and network elements.
5. Contain the policy related information, part of which may be
private while the other part may be made public.
Using this map the following services may be provided
1. Configuration management:
- Display the physical configuration of a network,
i.e., nodes and their physical interconnections
- Display the logical configuration of a network,
i.e., nodes and their logical interconnections.
2. Route management:
- Find alternate routes by referring to the physical
and logical configurations.
- Generate routing tables considering local policy and
policy of transit domains
- Check routing tables for routing loops,
non-optimality, incorrect paths, etc.
3. Fault management: In case of network failures
alternatives may be found and used to bypass the
problem node or link.
4. Service management: Locate various services and
servers in the Network.
5. Optimization: The information available can be used
to carry out various optimizations, for example cost,
traffic, response-time, etc.
6. Provide mappings between the various names and
addresses of elements
7. Depict administrative/autonomous domains.
8. Network Administration and Management: References to
people responsible for administering and technically
maintaining a network will be useful.
Examples of such usages are described in [3], [4].
3. The Nature of the Network Map - The X.500 solution
Implementing and maintaining a detailed map of the network poses a
serious problem. The scope of the map is global and the network
itself is expanding. Some of the problems that are peculiar to the
network map are listed below.
o The Network configuration is quasi-static. Nodes,
links and networks are being added,updated and deleted
someplace or the other.
o The Network is huge and geographically distributed.
o The network spans several political and administrative
areas. The related information is also controlled and
maintained in a distributed fashion.
In short, global network configuration information is unwieldy and
growing continuously. It is impossible to service such information
in a centralized fashion. There is need for a distributed framework
which allows users and applications to access information about
users, services, networks, ... easily and globally. The OSI X.500
Directory services [5] provides a rich framework to support a
globally distributed information service system. The X.500 Directory
is intended to be a very large and highly distributed database. It is
structured hierarchically with entries arranged in the form of a tree
in which each object corresponds to a node or an entry. Information
is stored about an object as a set of attributes.
4. The hierarchical model of a network
For representing networks in the Directory we use the following
hierarchical model.
A network is the media for transmitting information with zero or more
network elements each having at least one network interface on the
media. The media may be any kind of a line (physical circuit/virtual
circuit), or a collection of interconnected networks.
< The postscript version of this document >
< has a figure here. However, the figure >
<is too complex to be drawn in simple ASCII.>
Figure 1: Simple and composite networks and their mapping to the DIT.
The model allows hierarchy of subnetworks. Network elements with
multiple interfaces may act as external gateways to the attached
network and to networks higher up in the hierarchy. Thus, a gateway
may be the external gateway of several networks which are either
interconnected or have a hierarchical relationship.
A network may be simple consisting of zero or more network elements
or composite consisting of several sub-networks. Examples of simple
networks are ethernets, optical fiber/copper cables, free space, .. .
4.1 Network Maps
Using the above model it is straight forward to draw the topological
graph of the network where the vertices represent the components of
the network and edges indicate the connections. For visual
representation the graph may be translated to a more "physical"
illustration (figure 1).
Just as there are several maps of the same geographical domain
(political, natural...) one can envisage several views of the same
network and its components. A view (called "image" in the remainder)
could pertain to a particular protocol suite (IP/OSI/...), an
administrative domain or purpose. Using images, several abstractions
of the same object are possible.
4.2 Representation in the X.500 Directory
To represent the various images of networks and its components along
with the real-image relationship among the various objects we
introduce the following classes of objects:
o Communication Object Class (CO): All objects defined
furtheron in this document belong to this class.
Common attributes for all communication objects are
defined in section 6.
o Physical Communication Object Class (PCO): A subclass
of CO-class, this class defines common properties for
all objects representing physical communication objects.
o Image Communication Object Class (ICO): A subclass of
CO-class, this class defines common properties for all
objects representing images of communication objects.
The above classes sort communication objects into physical or image
object. As is implied in the nomenclature a physical object will
have several attributes describing it physical properties - location,
weight, size, .... etc. An image object will have an Image-of
attribute. The Image-of attribute will point to a physical object or
to another image object.
Using this schema it is possible to represent the case of several
logical network systems (running different protocol stacks - IP, XNS,
SNA, OSI, ...) which coexist on the same physical network.
Information related to different types of networks, no matter what
the underlying communication protocol is, will reside in the
Directory in harmony. Also, their interrelation will be represented
and accessed in a fashion independent of the source/destination
network, namely, using the OSI X.500 protocol.
Schemes for physical networks and logical images of physical networks
are defined in section 6.
All objects are defined in section 6.
: :
: IP OSI :
: +-+ +-+ :
: |A| |B| :
NetWork -----> : +-+ +-+ :
/ \ : | | :
/ \ : ============ :
/ \ : | :
/ \ : +-+ :
/ \ : |C| :
/ \ : +-+ :
OSI-image IP-image : IP + OSI :
V V
: : : :
IP : OSI : : IP : OSI
+-+ : +-+ : : +-+ : +-+
|A| : |B| : : |A| : |B|
....|...: | : : | :..|...
: | : : | :
: +-+ : : +-+ :
: |C| : : |C| :
: +-+ : : +-+ :
: IP + OSI : : IP + OSI :
Figure 2: Several logical views of the same physical network
5. Position in the Directory Information Tree (DIT)
Information about networks usually will be contained in the DIT as
subordinate of the organization maintaining the network. The network
model gets mapped into a tree structure for network elements. There
is one network object giving general descriptions of the network.
Subordinates of this network object are node objects for each node
element present in the network. Node objects hold networkInterface
objects as subordinates. A network can be physically or logically
subdivided into several (sub)networks. In this case, a network entry
will have network objects as subordinates which again build the same
structure. These entries may be kept as subordinates of
organizationalUnit entries as well, with pointers from the "root"
This structure holds for physical and logical elements. Physical
elements are named network, node and networkInterface, and logical
elements are named networkImage, nodeImage and networkInterfaceImage.
/ \
/ \
/ \
country \
/ \
/ organization
/ / | \
/ / | \
/ / | \
/ / | \
/ organizationalUnit* | \
/ / \ \ | \
/ / \ \__|_________ \
/ / \ | \ \
Person Network*<====>NetworkImage*
| |
| |
Node NodeImage
| |
| |
NetworkInterface NetworkInterfaceImage
Legends: * the object may recursively contain objects of
same class as children
Figure 3: Part of the Directory Information Tree,
showing relations of White Pages and network objects
6. Proposed Schemes
A physical network comprises of wires and machines. The physical map
of the network will show the interconnections of these nodes by these
For each physical network element, one or more images may exist.
Similarly, an image may be attached to one or more physical objects.
The types of images can grow along with the requirements.
Relationship between elements (physical or logical) are expressed by
attributes or the position in the Directory tree.
Problems that are addressed in the schema:
1. Avoiding data duplication
2. Preserving administrative boundaries/controls.
3. Simple representation (minimal number of pointers)
4. Security: Though no special emphasis has been placed
in this work we believe the X.500 access control policies
policies will provide a reasonable secure framework for security
and privacy.
Problems that are not addressed:
1. Caching policies, etc.: to be decided locally
6.1 Communication Object Classes
The object classes introduced in section 4 are defined as follows:
CommunicationObject OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of top
description :: CaseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* can contain any information about the object,
however, wherever an appropriate attribute
exists, this should be used first to hold
information */
adminContact :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* points to the person which is responsible for
the administration of the instance this object
This refers to the instance only in the context
of the concrete object class */
technContact :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* points to the person which is responsible for
the technical maintenance of the instance this
object describes;
This refers to the instance only in the context
of the concrete object class;
Availability (e.g. hours of service) is not
covered by this attribute. */
PhysicalCommunicationObject OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of CommunicationObject
owner :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* refers to organization or person owning the
physical element;
Note that more detailed information (like lease,
rental, etc.) can be covered in a specific image
(ownerImage) of this element */
localityName :: CaseIgnoreStringSyntax
/* where the object is located;
can be used freely to "spot" a network element,
e.g. state/city/street/building/floor/room/
desk/... */
ICO :: distinguishedNameSyntax
/* points to image object the physical object
is related to;
might have several values if physical object is
used for several applications at the same time */
ImageCommunicationObject OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of CommunicationObject
type :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* expresses the view this object refers to, e.g.
view of provider/user/IP/OSI/...;
Note that this information can be covered by
the object class in some cases
(e.g. ipNetworkImage gives the IP view) */
imageOf :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* points to physical/image object the image
is related to;
might have several values if view applies to
several physical objects at the same time */
6.2 Physical elements
The following objects describe network elements without saying
anything about their usage. All objects inherit properties of the
PhysicalCommunicationObject class.
6.2.1 Network
The network object supplies general descriptions which are common for
a set of nodes and circuits comprising one network. This includes
information about the type of circuits (medium, broadcast or point-
to- point, etc.) and properties (speed etc.).
network OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of PhysicalCommunicationObject
networkName :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax }
externalGateway :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* points to one or more nodes that connect
this network to neighbor networks;
whether a node actually is used as gateway
for one or the other protocol, is defined
in a related networkImageObject */
nwType :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* type of this network;
either "composite" (if consisting of subnetworks)
or type of a line:
bus, ring, star, mesh, point-to-point */
media :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* if network is not composite,
describes physical media:
copper, fiber optic, etc. */
speed :: numericStringSyntax,
/* nominal bandwidth, e.g. 64 kbps */
traffic :: numericStringSyntax
/* (average) use in percent of nominal bandwidth
[ this needs more specification later ] */
configurationDate :: uTCTimeSyntax,
/* date when network was configured in current
shape */
configurationHistory :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax
/* list of configuration changes, like:
added/removed nodes, lines */
6.2.2 Node
The node object describes any kind of device that is part of the
network, such as simple nodes, printer, bridges.
SUBCLASS of PhysicalCommunicationObject
nodeName :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax }
machineType :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* e.g. main frame, work station, PC, printer;
might include manufacturer */
OS :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* e.g. VM, UNIX, DOS; might include release */
6.2.3 NetworkInterface
Each node object will have one or more networkInterface objects as
subordinates. NetworkInterface objects provide information about
interfaces of the node and connectivity.
networkInterface OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of PhysicalCommunicationObject
networkInterfaceName :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax
/* It is suggested that the networkInterface
name is derived from the name of the logical
device this networkInterface represents for
the operating system, e.g. le0, COM1 */
networkInterfaceAddress :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* this should contain a protocol-independent
interface address, e.g. Ethernet board number */
connectedNetwork :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* pointer to object of network which this networkInterface is
connected to */
6.3 Logical Elements
An abstract view of a physical element is called image in this
document. The word image gets appended to the object type, leading
to the new objects networkImage, nodeImage and networkInterfaceImage.
Images will either build Directory trees of themselves or be stored
as part of the physical network tree (see section 5).
Image objects inherit properties of the ImageCommunicationObject
Each image object has specific attributes which vary depending on the
point of view (IP, OSI, ...). Also, the user and provider of an image
will view an object differently; further a user of an object may also
be providing the services of the same object to another user.
Therefore, in the following a complete and general list of attributes
cannot be given. We recommend to define subclasses of Image classes
for each logical view. These subclasses inherit all attributes
defined with the object classes below and add more specific
attributes. Examples for an IP-view are given in [1].
6.3.1 Network
There may be several network images for one and the same physical
network: one for each protocol, application, etc.
networkImage OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of ImageCommunicationObject
externalGateway :: distinguishedNameSyntax,
/* points to one or more nodes that act
as gateway for the protocol application
this images refers to */
speed :: numericStringSyntax,
/* nominal bandwidth for the channel dedicated
to this protocol or application ,
e.g. 64 kbps */
traffic :: numericStringSyntax,
/* (average) use in percent of nominal bandwidth
[this needs more specification later ] */
charge :: numericStringSyntax
/* amount of money that has to be paid to
service provider for usage;
[it is felt that this needs further definition:
e.g. monetary unit / time unit, monetary unit /
data unit ] */
6.3.2 Node
Name and functionality within the network might vary for a node from
protocol to protocol considered. In particular, a node might act as
gateway for one protocol but not for the other. Routing policy is
stored in the case of policy gateways.
nodeImage OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of ImageCommunicationObject
/* no attributes common for all nodeImages have been
defined yet */
6.3.3 NetworkInterface
As with physical nodes, nodeImages have networkInterfaces
(networkInterfaceImages) which describe connectivity to other network
elements. NetworkInterfaceImages are only given if the protocol is
establishing connections via this networkInterface.
networkInterfaceImage OBJECT CLASS
SUBCLASS of ImageCommunicationObject
networkInterfaceAddress :: caseIgnoreStringSyntax,
/* the networkInterface address in the image
context, e.g. IP number, NSAP */
connectedNetwork :: distinguishedNameSyntax
/* pointer to networkImageObject that describes
the network this networkInterface is attached
to in terms of the protocol or application the
image indicates */
7. Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
8. Authors' Addresses
Glenn Mansfield
AIC Systems Laboratory
6-6-3 Minami Yoshinari
Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-32
Phone: +81 22 279-3310
EMail: [email protected]
Thomas Johannsen
Dresden University of Technology
Institute of
Communication Technology
D-01062 Dresden
Phone: +49 351 463-4621
EMail: [email protected]
Mark Knopper
Merit Network, Inc.
1071 Beal Avenue
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
EMail: [email protected]
9. References
954, SRI, October 1985.
Institute, November 1987.
[3] Johannsen, T., Mansfield, G., Kosters, M., and S. Sataluri,
"Representing IP information in the X.500 Directory", RFC 1609,
Dresden University, AIC Systems Laboratory, Network
Solutions,Inc., AT&T Bell Laboratories, March 1994.
[4] Johannsen, T., and G. Mansfield, "The Soft Pages Project", OSI-DS
WG document, OSI-DS-39, Dresden University, AIC Systems
Laboratory, February 1993.
[5] CCITT Blue Book, "Data Communication Networks: Directory",
Recommendations X.500-X.521, December 1988.
User Contributions:
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Sunless Tanners & Bronzers
A number of cosmetic products are marketed for consumers to achieve a tanned appearance without having to go out in the sun or use artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation. FDA has received questions about some of these products. The following information is provided in response to these questions.
What are "sunless tanners"?
Neither the laws nor the regulations enforced by FDA define the term "sunless tanner." It typically refers to products that provide a tanned appearance without exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet radiation. One commonly used ingredient in these products is dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a color additive that darkens the skin by reacting with amino acids in the skin's surface.
What are "bronzers"?
What does the law say about color additives, and DHA in particular?
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), Section 721 authorizes the regulation of color additives (other than coal-tar hair dyes), including their uses and restrictions. These regulations are found in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR), beginning at Part 70. If a color additive is not permitted by regulation or is used in a way that does not comply with the specific regulation(s) authorizing its use, it is considered unsafe under the law. Such misuse of color additives causes a cosmetic to be adulterated.
In addition, no color additive may be used in cosmetics intended for use in the area of the eye unless the color additive is permitted specifically for such use (21 CFR 70.5a) DHA is not permitted for use in the area of the eye. The CFR defines "area of the eye" as follows:
"the area enclosed within the circumference of the supra-orbital ridge, including the eyebrow, the skin below the eyebrow, the eyelids and the eyelashes, and conjunctival sac of the eye, the eyeball, and the soft areolar tissue that lies within the perimeter of the infra-orbital ridge." (21 CFR 70.3s)
As with the lips and other areas covered by mucous membrane, the industry has not provided safety data to FDA in order for the agency to consider approving it for use in the area of the eye.
The regulations listing DHA as a color additive also require it to meet tight specifications, with strict limitations on impurities. For example, volatile matter must not exceed 0.5 percent when measured at 34.6 degrees centigrade for three hours at a pressure of not more than 30 mm. mercury. (Please note that the reference to "millimeters of mercury" is a measure of atmospheric pressure, not an indication that DHA contains mercury.) Certain minerals are restricted to miniscule amounts, measured in parts per million (21 CFR 73.1150 and 73.2150).
What does this mean for DHA spray "tanning" booths?
As noted above, the use of DHA in "tanning" booths as an all-over spray has not been approved by the FDA, since safety data to support this use has not been submitted to the Agency for review and evaluation, When using DHA-containing products as an all-over spray or mist in a commercial spray "tanning" booth, it may be difficult to avoid exposure in a manner for which DHA is not approved, including the area of the eyes, lips, or mucous membrane, or even internally.
• Are consumers protected from internal exposure caused by inhaling or ingesting the product?
If the answer to any of these questions is "no," the consumer is not protected from the unapproved use of this color additive. Consumers should request measures to protect their eyes and mucous membranes and prevent inhalation.
What about sunless tanning products sold in retail stores, such as creams and lotions?
DHA is approved for external application to the human body, which is the way these products are intended to be used. Consumers can easily avoid inhaling them or applying them to the area of the eye or mucous membrane.
Who is responsible for the safety of spray tanning booths?
The FD&C Act does not authorize FDA to approve cosmetic products or ingredients, with the exception of color additives that are not coal-tar hair dyes. Firms and individuals who market cosmetics are responsible for assuring that the products they market are safe when used under labeled or customary conditions of use and properly labeled. FDA can take action against firms and individuals who violate the law. The practice of administering such products by professionals, such as in salons, is generally the responsibility of local and state health authorities.
For more information about the regulation of cosmetic products and ingredients, see FDA Authority Over Cosmetics.
Do sunless tanners and bronzers provide protection from the sun?
Sunless tanners and bronzers may or may not provide protection from the sun. Only those sunless tanners that contain sunscreen ingredients and are labeled with sun protection factor ("SPF") numbers may provide protection. Consumers are advised to read the labeling carefully to determine whether or not these products provide protection from the sun.
All suntanning preparations that do not contain sunscreen ingredients are required to carry the following warning statement on the label:
Sunscreens are regulated as over-the-counter drugs unless they are used in the product for reasons other than protecting the consumer from the sun, such as protecting the product itself from fading. Cosmetic products that are marketed with sun-protection claims, such as makeup labeled with SPF numbers, are regulated as both drugs and cosmetics. (See "Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both (Or Is It Soap?")
Has FDA received reports of adverse reactions associated with sunless tanners?
FDA has received reports from consumers stating that they have experienced adverse events associated with sunless tanning, including rashes and, primarily in the case of spray tanning booths, coughing, dizziness, and fainting. It is uncertain what, if any, ingredient or combination of ingredients in the sunless tanning products might have caused these adverse events, whether an individual's allergic reaction might have played a part, or whether factors unrelated to the sunless tanning products may have been involved, such as pre-existing medical conditions.
Under the authority of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA), FDA requires ingredient declarations on cosmetics sold on a retail basis to consumers. In this way, consumers can know what ingredients are contained in the products they purchase and avoid ingredients to which they may be sensitive. However, the FPLA does not apply to products used exclusively by professionals, such as those used in spray tanning booths.
How can I report an adverse reaction to sunless tanners or other cosmetics?
Consumers and healthcare providers can report adverse reactions from cosmetic products, including sunless tanners, to the nearest FDA office, listed in the blue section of the telephone book. Consumers and healthcare providers can report adverse reactions from cosmetic products, including sunless tanners, using the contact information in Bad Reaction to Cosmetics? Tell FDA.
With the following updated contact information:
2. Contact the consumer complaint coordinator in your area.
To learn more, see Adverse Event Reporting: How to Report a Cosmetic-related Problem to FDA.
Page Last Updated: 05/21/2015
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Click to expand
User avatar #1 - kanatana (04/05/2013) [-]
It's been eighteen hours, and you haven't gotten a single comment yet. I know how lonely you must feel right now. Just wanted to remind you.
#9 to #1 - jelatinman has deleted their comment [-]
User avatar #2 to #1 - yunablade (04/05/2013) [-]
**yunablade rolls 336**
<- trips
It was a good post.
But how many costumers can you get if you plainly tell your costumers tha tis not the camera, is that their faces look like their rears?
User avatar #3 to #2 - dontdeletemyuser (04/05/2013) [-]
it's the dmv.... they don't care.
Friends (0)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2095
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I changed my hair!!! >x< I like this hairstyle cuz i've been reading & watching D.Gray-Man a lot recently and i really like it!!! This hairstyle is like the hairstyle Lenalee (my favorite character) had in one of the episodes. And also because its really cute~~~!
ABOUT ME: ------>
NAME: Whatever you want to call me~!
AGE: its a s-e-c-r-e-t~!
APPEARANCE: Asian(not to be racist or anything >.>) so i have 'yellow' but REALLY tanned skin(the result of spending a lot of time outside >_>) with black past-the-shoulders hair(which are usually in low pigtails or a ponytail) with bangs(and layers but you can't see them that well...) Average height (but i'm not done with my growth spurt yet...) And not fat, but not skinny either ^^;; i think...
My Beloved Friends (that i kno in person) <3:
-xxLovelessxDreamerxx-My friend, Sora-chan who loves Pikachu and the person who introduced me to anime/manga & gaia!!!
-Sen_Uzumaki123- My friend who loves naruto just as much(or more) then i do!!! (thus, her name ^^) And she loves gum~!
-Faleine-My(year younger) friend who is WAY taller then me O.o She's the spaz queen of W snaps, but she rocks! smilies/icon_biggrin.gif
-hani-cherry- Hani~! So sad that we never were in the same class T-T but we're still friends~! :3
-nectar_juice-Ah...nectar_juice...she never goes on gaia that much anymores T-T But still my bud! smilies/icon_smile.gif
-puddingkitty-Another friend who didn't stay on gaia for long T-T But she's still uber cool~!
-sugarbaby07-Yayz~! My friend Em who is the AWESOMEST!!!
-cherry418-My Bleach lovin' friend who actually introduced me to Bleach!!!(sorta... >_>)
Friends i met online~ <3 (ACK! So many O.o) :
-xxXangel-chanXxx-My fellow angel who i met on another site <3 Yayz!!! Love ya~!
-GrafxEisen-My friend who i met 'cuz of Angel-chan~! Yayz (^-^)V
-Shilong-My [guy]friend who is the NICEST person you'll EVER meet online~!
-Larku the Neko-My friend who i met 'cuz of xXLoveless-DreamerXx who met Larku-san at a camp!!! Hope i can meet ya someday!!!
-angelic-cat15-My friend who loves a lot of the same anime/manga as me~! <3
-Chiikage-My RPGing friend who is REALLY awesome at it!!!
-Misuzi-My friend who loves HinataxNaruto couple like me!!!
-Yuna FfX2 -yuna-My friend who like A LOT of the same anime/manga as me(and Yuna btw) <3
Thanks everybody for being AWESOME friends~! <3 (^-^)V
FAMILY: My Mom, Dad, and my baby brother Danny who is 3 years old(and yet not even potty-trained -_-)but he's adorable! ><
FAVORITE COLOR: Blue, Orange, and Green!
NATIONALITY: Chinese American (Parents Chinese, i was born in the states ^x^)
FAVORITE SINGERS/BANDS: Kelly Clarkson, Aly & AJ, The Jonas Brothers, Green Day(a little), The Beu Sisters, Some chinese singers, Maaya Sakamoto, Ayumi Hamasaki, YUI, Demi Lovato
ANIME AND/OR MANGA:CardCaptor Sakura (me love!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!), Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicles(me love!!!!!!!!!!!! ><), Daa Daa Daa, DNAngel, Angelic Layer, One Piece, Naruto, Kamikaze Kaitou Jeanne, xxxHolic, Naruto, Anima, Tokyo Mew Mew (and Ala Mode), Hamtaro,Kirarin Revolution, Shugo Chara, Orange Planet, Digimon Frontier, Special A(SA), Bleach, D.Gray-Man, Kodocha and Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch.
PS i've also watched others but those were on tv so that doesn't really count...
OTHER STUFF: I like Comedy/Romance mixes with really good plots. I also like Fantasy and magic stuff like Harry Potter! ^^ I like to read, i wish i could draw well, but i suck at it =P ...and...i like free stuff that aren't ripoffs! Well, i like to ride on my bike and stuff during the winter, and i like to rollerblade if the road isn't bumpy...i get pretty good grades and... that's about it! ^^
OTHER: I don't go on gaia a lot anymore, but you can always go on my blog ( http://lost-feathers.blogspot.com )
Donations and Gifts: xxLovelessxDreamerxx 2k smilies/icon_heart.gif , Faleine 1k smilies/icon_heart.gif, xxangel-chanxx Gold BFF charm necklace smilies/icon_heart.gif if you have donated and i don't have you up here, tell me so i can add you!!!
Thanks for reading~! (^-^)V Buh Bye! (T-T)/
Viewing 12 of 22 friends
Viewing 10 of 20 comments.
Report | 06/13/2009 8:14 am
Pretty avi
Levi Heichou
Report | 12/14/2008 2:54 pm
Levi Heichou
do u still go on???
Report | 10/26/2008 11:44 pm
very nice avatar
Levi Heichou
Report | 10/09/2008 11:27 am
Levi Heichou
r u going???
idk wut it is tho
and i have to go
christine has to go too
iP o c k i i z
Report | 10/09/2008 11:27 am
iP o c k i i z
oh noes!! time to go!! D:
sorry for the weirdo comment -.- if i were u i might wanna delete it so other ppl dont see 0_0
i dont mind if u do delete it x)
iP o c k i i z
Report | 10/09/2008 11:26 am
iP o c k i i z
freshmen dance? hmm...i dunno User Image
r u going?
r u going WITH SOMEONE?!?!! (><!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
i probably wont go with SOMEONE cuz i totally cant imagine that Dx
gah! im scared T^T
Levi Heichou
Report | 10/09/2008 11:18 am
Levi Heichou
i cant stay on for long cuz i have to leave at like 2:30
and same w/ christine
iP o c k i i z
Report | 10/09/2008 11:17 am
iP o c k i i z
u on!!! x)
iP o c k i i z
Report | 09/24/2008 12:42 pm
iP o c k i i z
heee ^-^
i didnt actually get u bad one did i?? User Image
and if u dont want it, it sells for like 3-4k in the marketplace x)
iP o c k i i z
Report | 09/24/2008 12:33 pm
iP o c k i i z
oh well i will give u one anyway ^^
but it'll be some cheap thing cuz i have no money rite now(seriously, i dont!!! T^T)
"If you want the rainbow, you must to put up with the rain." D. Parton
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2099
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The topic you selected is no longer available for viewing.
1. Boards
2. Nintendo 3DS
TopicCreated ByMsgsLast Post
so who's pumped about Chibi Robo Zip Lash?
Pages: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
andizzle29662216/2 3:45AM
Don't know if you know... But Amazon US now sells New 3DS XL directly.ashrobb86/2 3:33AM
Codename: S.T.E.A.M. Will I regret it?
DSHeroX436/2 3:13AM
Should I bother with an old 3DS XL?TehWestStatMtl36/2 2:52AM
Since there's a Swapnote theme now...TheSmartBlonde106/2 2:46AM
So I got puzzle and dragonsjay210126/2 2:29AM
Why are Chibi Robo and Dr.Mario even getting the green light?
Pages: [ 1, 2 ]
Rayquaza_is_Z146/2 1:07AM
Does this board think Rhythm Heaven: The Best+ is going to be released in NA? (Poll)IfOnlyForOnce76/2 1:00AM
Do you own a Pokmon game? (Poll)Etria46/2 12:31AM
How would you feel if the next new Mario Kart was exclusive to the New 3DS?gg132106/2 12:19AM
Can't believe Nintendo has to localize Bravely Second again.
Pages: [ 1, 2 ]
Cutthemac196/1 11:38PM
I hope the Assassination Classroom game gets localized
Pages: [ 1, 2 ]
munkey55166/1 11:29PM
Are Shantae, Xeodrifter, Mudds, and Titan Attacks gonna be part of Nindies??khallos1496/1 11:01PM
The eShop should be made into a "mini-app" in the next update. (Closed)
Pages: [ 1, 2 ]
Technickal1116/1 10:55PM
Will you buy DQ VII and VIII day one if they are announced for localisation @ E3
Shad0wg00n986/1 10:31PM
Bravely Second Announced for Western release
Yoko546/1 9:58PM
DS board is dead so questions about SMT DeSu2.minchew91106/1 9:21PM
Will the Rhythm Tengoku games in Plus raise or lower the value of Tengoku.Duncanwii26/1 9:15PM
Cave Story off the eShop worth it, the one on sale?Justice9840586/1 8:33PM
In your opinion, what is the best handheld system of all time?
Ephemeral_Ash1396/1 8:00PM
1. Boards
2. Nintendo 3DS
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2104
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Question from Gaiko
Nicknaming/re-colouring pokemon?
Does anybody know what the criteria is, when nicknaming a monster, to get the different colour variations? I already know that reversing a name or using upper and lowercase usually yields in alternative colours but how can I pick which colours I get? (Unless I'm totally wrong and there's only one alternative colour for each monster?)
Gaiko provided additional details:
Just to get clarification: does that mean that there isn't a way to pick colours, it just requires you to nickname them and then it's down to their trainer ID?
Accepted Answer
---Nintendo--- answered:
The color depends of the name you give to your Pokemon or the trainer ID. For the names you can use lower caps (i.e. pikachu), reverse the names (i.e. DRILLBEE), take out letters (i.e. MAGMITE), abbreviate (i.e. PIKA), etc., this change the standard color for an alternative one, which is basically just a lighter or darker color. Note that the standard color appears with the full name in caps (i.e. PIKACHU).
For the trainer ID's it totally depends of the number (you also need to give you Pokemon a nickname), this will change the color depending on the Pokemon and the number, which can give you a purple and red Exeggcute, a red and green Koffing, etc.
0 0
---Nintendo--- answered:
Well, the ID number just changes slightly the color of the Pokemon, it mostly depends of the name you give to it, for example, if you call a Koffing KOFSTOR, it will be red and green, but if you call it KOFFACT4, it will be brown and green.
0 0
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2106
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Question from snarrky
What is the best strategy for building calvery?
How do I build calvery?
snarrky provided additional details:
Ican build stables but no calvery
janeluke answered:
When you build the stable it must be near the barracks and you train the cav at the barracks
1 0
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The Dungeons & Dragons wiki last edited by Savage on 05/05/15 03:45AM View full history
Dungeons & Dragons is an award winning, genre spanning series of table-top role playing games, initially developed in 1974 by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. Beloved by millions all over the world, D&D has had a heavy and noticeable influence on many aspects of popular culture, leading to its inclusion in many aspects of the media including television, music, film, and games. Essentially, players create a character from a plethora or races and classes, and embark on epic adventures within a high-fantasy universe, interacting with Orcs, Goblins, Dragons, Elves, and many other creatures in massive quests to attain a lofty goal or valuable treasure.
Elements of Dungeons & Dragons
A common question among new players is "What makes Dungeons & Dragons so unique?" Over the many revisions to the Dungeons & Dragons rules set a few concepts have remained unchanged, these concepts have become the essential elements of Dungeons & Dragons:
• One player is the "Dungeon Master," they build the world, monsters and story for the other players
• Players take on the role of characters in the Dungeon Masters world
• Characters have a class that outlines their abilities in the game
• Characters grow by earning experience points (xp) these points unlock new abilities for the character
• The Dungeon Master builds encounters that challenge the players' characters
• The Dungeons Master builds a series of encounters called an "Adventure"
• Rewards earned by characters are persist from one "Adventure" to the next.
Dungeons & Dragons Collection
Main article: Dungeons & Dragons Collection
Released in 1999, D&D Collection is a compilation of two Capcom developed arcade games for the Sega Saturn, Dungeons & Dragons: Tower of Doom and Dungeons & Dragons: Shadow over Mystara. Using classic beat 'em up gameplay in the vein of Final Fight, these games mixed combat with with automated role-playing elements, players selected one of several character classes, each with their own abilities and special attacks, and embarked on a quest in which the path players took was determined by their choices as they completed stages. This release for the Sega Saturn is one of the rarest games currently available due to a small number of produced units, and copies of the game have sold for hundreds of dollars over online auctions. A recent HD update has been released as Dungeons & Dragons: Chronicles of Mystara in 2013.
Dungeons & Dragons: Dragonshard
Main article: Dungeons & Dragons: Dragonshard
A real-time strategy role-playing game developed by Liquid Entertainment and published by Atari in 2005, D&D: Dragonshard takes place in the fictional world of Eberron (one of the official D&D settings). Players are put in the role in the role of a Champion character of a particular race, imbued with special abilities and skills, and put in command of armies of magical creatures, beasts, and people. Each map takes place on two levels of play; on the surface world of Eberron and a subterranean world of Khyber, Players can transfer certain units between the two realms using fixed gateways found across both worlds. Gameplay varies between the two worlds, with the underground world of Khyber being explored via dungeon crawling, and the surface world consisting of traditional real-time strategy combat.
Dungeons & Dragons: Eye of the Beholder
Main article: Dungeon & Dragons: Eye of the Beholder
Developed by Westwood Studios and Published by Strategic Simulations in 1990, D&D: Eye of the Beholder set players loose within the dungeons of the city of Waterdeep in classic role-playing gameplay, in an effort to find and destroy the evil Xanathar, a Beholder of great power. The popularity of the first game led to the creation of two sequels, Eye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon and Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor.
Dungeons & Dragons Online: Stormreach
Released on the PC in 2006, this Turbine developed massively multiplayer online role-playing game received massive anticipation prior to release due to the installed fan base of millions that come with the franchise. Set in the world of Eberron, on the continent of Xen'drik, D&D Online: Stormreach has players create a character avatar from a variety of races and classes, and sets them off on a series of adventures to thwart a race of giants from conquering the city of Stormreach, prevent a fanatical cult from reopening the gat to Xoriat, and stop creatures from the subterranean realm of Kyhber from conquering the surface world. The game plays much like other MMORPGs, and allows players to group up in parties of either six or twelve people, rewarding combat and quest completion through the acquisition of experience points.
Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes
Main article: Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes
A hack and slash role playing game developed and published by Atari in 2003 for the Xbox, D&D: Heroes allow players to create a character from one of four resurrected heroes, and sets them out on a quest to defeat Kaedin, an evil Wizard whom the player's characters defeated a century earlier.
Dungeons & Dragons: Warriors of the Eternal Sun
Main article: Dungeons & Dragons: Warriors of the Eternal Sun
Developed by Westwood Studios for the Sega Genesis, Warriors of the Eternal Sun was a classic role-playing game set in the Hollow World official campaign setting. Players create a party of heroes from a variety of character types and start out on a quest to rescue the castle of Duke Hector Barrik before an army of beastmen, lizardmen and dragons can overtake the castle. The gameplay of Warriors of the Eternal Sun is split into three different modes:
• Outside Adventure - A top-down exploration mode, allowing players to move their party around a map, until combat or a scripted event engaged Outside Combat mode.
• Outside Combat - The game shifts into this mode during combat or a scripted event. Turn-based, the game displays player characters and enemies as illustrated avatars. Players are awarded experience points and treasure when surviving combat.
• Dungeon - Displayed in a first-person perspective, combat becomes a fasted-paced, arcade style of real-time occurrences, instead of the more strategic gameplay of the Outside Combat system.
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Urban Assault is a real-time strategy/action game hybrid developed by German-based developer Terratools, and published by Microsoft Game Studios
You are Synaptic Donor Unit 7, SDU 7 for short, the last in a line of volunteers who lead the forces of The Resistance- who are the final representation of democracy to survive the turmoil caused by 'The Big Mistake.'
The Big Mistake was an ecological disaster- where ozone depletion allowed radiation to kill all plankton in the ocean, leading to the death of the entire aquatic ecosystem. Shortly afterwards, the planet as a whole began to deteriorate, and many factions started fighting over the planet's remaining resources.
The situation only got worse with the arrival of alien factions- particularly the Mykonians, who installed a parasite machine on the planet to slowly suck heat out of the planet's core, and make way for the final phases of their invasion and conquest.
All of the other SDUs before you have since been defeated in combat- which means it is up to you to lead the Resistance to victory over the other factions, and destroy the Mykonian's parasite before it causes too much damage.
There were 6 factions total in Urban Assault, of which only 4 were playable in multiplayer.
The Resistance: The last traces of democracy present on Earth. The Resistance is the faction you play in the single player campaign. As such- they are arguably the most balanced of all the factions, with a solid selection of all unit types.
The Ghorkovs: A highly militaristic terran faction from Eurasia. The Ghorkovs technology level is at the very least the same as the Resistance's, if not more advanced due to the high amount of laser weaponry they possess. The Ghorkov military focuses on air units, with very few but highly mobile ground units.
The Taerkastens: A fanatical and old-fashioned cult that has a disdain for technology and blames the Resistance for the Big Mistake. The Taerkasten arsenal is comprised mostly of seemingly antiquated but incredibly durable World War 1 and 2 era units.
The Mykonians: Arguably the central villains of the game, the Mykonians are an alien faction that seek to drain the planet of its energy for their own uses. Their units look like varying shapes and bulks of black tubing that rely on electric weaponry. The Mykonian arsenal is almost entirely comprised of air units, but is still quite versatile overall.
The Sulgogars: A plant-like alien faction that seeks to use Earth as a breeding ground. The Sulgogars unit production is based off of genetics and cloning- as they are completely organic in nature. As such- the Sulgogars are completely incapable of creating buildings such as power stations and flak stations. The Sulgogars are not playable in multiplayer.
The Black Sect: A terran faction of pirates and mercenaries. The Black Sect are unique in that they have access to units from all of the other factions, even the Sulgogars, and they are invisible on radar. The Black Sect's only unique units are their Host Station, which was a prototype stolen from the Resistance and was supposed to be used by SDU 7, and their flak stations. The Black Sect is not playable in multiplayer.
Metropolis Dawn was the un-released expansion of Urban Assault. It was decided not to be released due to Urban Assault's poor sales.
The expansion was set to include 2 new campaigns for the Ghorkovs and Taerkastens respectively and add new units to the Taerkasten and Mykonian factions.
This edit will also create new pages on Giant Bomb for:
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Depend Underwear
Depend Underwear Image
18 pair
Underwear, for Men, Maximum Absorbency, S/M S/M: 28-40 in waist. The best protection! Super Plus Absorbency is now Maximum Absorbency. Protective underwear made just for a man. Now more like underwear. New waistband! Best protection & fit. Designed specifically for a man's body. Maximum absorbency. Where a man needs it most. Easy to use - just pull on and off. Worry-free odor control. Soft, quiet, breathable.
UPC/PLU: 36000198409 ?
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Please enter the UPC found on the product package.
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1. Instructions
2. Product Alerts
Step in/slip off. Look for the blue bar below the blue waistband - the bar indicates the back. Step in and pull on to wear just like regular underwear. To remove, slip off like regular underwear.
Made in USA from domestic and imported material. To avoid risk of suffocation, please keep plastic bags away from infants and children. Like most articles of clothing, underwear can burn if exposed to flame or other source of ignition. Dispose of in trash can - do not flush.
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DISCLAIMER: I will not be including The Perfect Storm in this roundup, because even thinking about it makes me cry. And water levels are high enough here in the New York metro area without my tears.
But I've got plenty of other movie storm lines for you to quote over the next 36 hours until either you or someone else in your home goes entirely crazy. (I feel Sandy might be particularly intimidated by the Lieutenant Dan classic, if you want to give that a shot.)
"Julia, I've got to go. We got cows." --Twister
"You call this a storm?" --Forrest Gump
"I will come for you, do you understand me? I will come for you."--The Day After Tomorrow
"You can do it! Hold on!"--The Truman Show
"This California dew's just a little heavier than usual tonight."--Singing in the Rain
"He's alive! The Doc's alive!"--Back to the Future Part II
"AHHHHHHHHHH!"--Garden State
"Jump, Max! C'mon boy, jump!"--The Little Mermaid
*This clip is some sorta weird mashup, but it gets the job done.
And then, of course, you go RIGHT into singing "Part of Your World." Got it? What's your favorite storm scene?
More on movies...
Where Are They Now: Hocus Pocus
Our Favorite Baseball Movies
Which Famous-Lady Biopics Are You Most Excited For?
Photo: YouTube
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If only my photographic memory extended beyond my wardrobe, I'd be a bloody NASA engineer by now. I can recall with frightening detail every outfit I wore on the first day of school for some 17 years, every party dress that's ever had to be retired thanks to an over-exuberance while popping a bottle of Veuve Clicquot, and each velvet confection my mother tortured me with on the High Holy Days in my grammar school years. And if the new off-Broadway play Love, Loss, and What I Wore is any indication, I'm not alone.
Sisters Nora and Delia Ephron (who you may recognize from writing, producing, and directing a few little projects like, oh, Sleepless in Seattle, You've Got Mail, Bewitched, Julie and Julia, and When Harry Met Sally) have just taken the best-selling book Love, Loss, and What I Wore to the off-Broadway stage, enlisting a slew of boldface names like Rosie O'Donnell, Rhea Perlman, and Kristin Chenoweth to act out a series of vignettes and monologues all centered around--you guessed it--a woman's wardrobe. The play, which opened October 1 and will run until March 2010, takes an intimate look at the memories and mishaps our clothes can provide us with. Slaves to Fashion caught up with Nora and Delia to chat about their latest project.
STF: What made you want to adapt Ilene Beckerman's book into a play?
NE: I read the book -- which is the story of one woman's life, told through her clothes -- and I immediately wanted to call Ilene Beckerman (whom I didn't know) and tell her about the terrible dress I wore to my third wedding and the horrible embarrassment of not knowing, in the sixth grade, which shoes to wear, etc. I said to Delia, if we turn this into a play about women and their lives and their clothes, maybe we can make the audience react in the same magical way they do to the book. So we sent out a questionnaire to about 100 friends. We asked about their clothes, but they wrote back about their mothers, their sisters, their boyfriends, their husbands. Clothes are loaded with memory.
STF: Is the book something you shared, as sisters, and really related to? What made you decide to do this project together?
DE: I had to wear her prom dress. A hand me down. And we had matching outfits as kids, little midriff tops and velvet dresses with lace collars, and of course we had the same mother (except that we didn't because no one really has the same mother even in the same family). With clothes, mothers are important. What they let us wear and didn't, shopping (which our mother hated to do). In defining oneself from childhood, clothes figure big. Mainly though, we wanted to work on this together because we both loved the book and the subject -- memories of clothes are so emotionally powerful.
STF: Why do you think women associate special occasions so closely with clothes?
DE: We all want to look great. Clothes are the first thing we think of when we create an identity: Who am I? Who am I tonight?
NE: Who would I like to be? Can I achieve a transformation just by changing what I'm wearing? By the way, the answer to that question is perhaps you can, although probably not.
DE: And clothes have special power. I'll always remember the raspberry colored v-necked silk sweater I was wearing on my husband and my first date. If I hadn't been wearing that sweater that night, would any of it have happened? I think of that top and the whole night comes back to me.
STF: What is the first memorable outfit each of you wore? Do you remember how it made you feel?
NE: I had a great little dress with a jacket I bought at I. Magnin in Beverly Hills before I went to college. It was a kind of tweedy knit and very slender and short, and I felt smart in it, in both a fashionable and an intellectual way.
DE: I had a dream coat. Nora took me to Saks to buy it when I came east to go to college. It was a black tweed princess style coat with a red lining. Everyone else at college wore shapeless camel colored polo coats, at least that's my memory, and I had this Audrey Hepburn thing. I felt not like Audrey Hepburn -- who could? -- but veering that direction.
STF: Anything in your closets you’re holding on to purely for posterity? Why are you so attached to that particular item?
NE: Yes. My first Armani. It's a long black silk jersey dress and it's gorgeous, but it's got shoulder pads. But I just can't bear to give it up.
DE: A black and white chiffon dress from the 1920s. I keep thinking I'm going to give it to my nieces. I've been thinking that for years.
STF: Does looking good become more important or less important as we age?
NE: More. Of course it does, because looking good is so easy when you're young. For openers, you're young, and that looks good.
DE: For sure.
STF: What are each of your personal favorite pieces/moments from the play? Any outfit or occasion that particularly struck a nerve or you really related to?
NE: I hate my purse, so I love that piece [called "I hate my purse"] even if I did write it.
DE: I suppose I love "Thin" because it's my story, about the girl, me, I left behind thank goodness, and about finding love. And I love "I Hate My Purse" because I hate my purse too, it's so totally Nora, it's so brilliant and funny, and by now I know it by heart because it just gets stuck in your head like a great song.
Tickets to Love, Loss, and What I Wore ($75.00) are available via Telecharge.com (212-239-6200) and in-person at the Westside Theatre Box Office (407 West 43rd Street).
Tell me, dolls...have any of you read Love, Loss, and What I Wore yet? Are you anxious to see the stage adaptation? Do you have strong memories and associations with things you've worn over the years? Anything you've been hanging onto for ages because of its sentimental value? And are you as big a fan of Nora and Delia's work as I am? Discuss!
More Ways to Get Glamour
Add Glamour to your iGoogle homepage
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Am I a "Random Brutal Sex Dreamer"?
May 13, 2008
I've never been a fan of Internet quizzes, largely because I refuse to be defined by some random multiple-choice test. (Yes, I'm still bitter about the SATs) But yesterday I came across one recommended by BaltAmour, the Baltimore Sun's dating blog, and decided to give it a shot.
It's called the Dating Persona Test, and it takes less than ten minutes to complete. I answered the questions as honestly as possible. Big mistake. According to the test, I am a "Random Brutal Sex Dreamer," which sounds more like a Rob Zombie album than a personality type. Here's how they pegged me: "you don't think things through. You're haphazard. You're dangerous. You're somewhat inexperienced. It's totally obvious that you're a horny bugger, as well."
Um, can I request a recount? I'll own up to having a healthy libido and not knowing every trick in the book, but I'm certainly not "dangerous," at least not in a bad way. I was planning on calling a girl my buddy James wants to set me up with (more on that tomorrow), but now I'm having second thoughts. Does this stupid test know something I don't? Am I a menace to the dating world?
If you have a minute please take the test and let me know how you score, although you should know that some of the questions are a little weird. For the sake of my self-respect, I'm hoping your results are as flawed as mine.
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Should a Single Girl Wear “The Boyfriend Look”?
May 7, 2009
The Boyfriend Look is back. Again. No doubt you’ve seen it in magazines—a striped rugby shirt, a blazer, Converse shoes, and slouchy, not-hip-hugging jeans or chinos (borrowed from him, of course). The trend is just a name for dressing androgynously, or an excuse for wearing something where you won't have to suck in.
Last night I went out with my girls, Jane, Jess, Neha, Elisa, and Betsy. They are quite the fashionable group. We went to the Hudson Hotel because it is near their office but it was kind of dead on the man front.
Of course I can buy myself some baggy menswear, but the question is, can I afford to advertise myself this way? Sure, if you’ve already got the guy, wear his button-down or a tee-shirt of his, off the shoulder. He’ll be excited, but sloppy tees sure don’t allure other men. When you're swimming in fabric, they can't see your figure.
The last time the boyfriend look was in (or the time before that), I was young and actually thought, “Well, I don’t have a boyfriend, so I can’t borrow his clothes,” and turned the magazine page. I find that so funny now, that I didn’t identify with it and thought I literally needed a man. I guess the look never completely grabbed me anyway—I mean, it’s cotton, baggy, and masculine. If the boyfriend look meant bows and pink, I would wear it no matter what my relationship status. But I’m not going to buy a blazer and call it the boyfriend look. I already have J. Crew blazers collecting dust in my closet, thank you very much, and actually, I feel like a man in them. I feel like the boyfriend himself.
What are your thoughts on the boyfriend look? Do you wear your guy’s clothes? Do you feel less feminine when you’re wearing slouchy duds? Do you have a need to feel feminine?
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When are you getting married?
I know it seems like an innocuous question, but it can send even a blissful bride-to-be into a panic. Brides will usually offer their wedding date if they’ve chosen it (and want to share it with you). If they’re not giving up this piece of info, it’s probably because they don’t know it. And asking could be seen as a reminder (that they don’t need) of how important setting a date is. The exception: If you know you’re in the wedding party and could have a potential conflict, then it’s a good idea to share your schedule and explain why.
Where are you living after the wedding?
I just asked this to someone who’s in a long-distance engagement, and I instantly regretted it. The look in her eyes told me everything I needed to know: It’s a point of contention that’s really stressing her out. (Don’t make my mistake!)
How big is your diamond?
I’m sure most of you are like, duh, of course you don’t ask that. Guess what: If I had a nickel for each time someone posed that question to me, I could buy a postage stamp (hey, those are expensive now!). Point is, asking could make even a close friend uncomfortable. Besides, not every bride-to-be knows how many carats she has in her diamond engagement ring.
Who’s in your wedding party?
You already know not to ask if you’re invited to the wedding. This question is off-limits for the same reason, regardless of how tight (or not tight) you are with the bride. And that’s yet another decision that takes more than a few weeks to finalize.
Where are you going on your honeymoon?
OK, so a couple probably wouldn’t care if you brought this up (after all, choosing between gorgeous paradise-like destinations isn’t THAT stressful), but there's such a small chance they’ll know where they’re headed so soon after getting engaged that you may as well not bother asking.
Have you ever asked these questions of newly engaged friends? Did they mind? Would you care if your friends asked you any of these right after you got engaged?
More About Friends Getting Engaged
More Things You Shouldn’t Say to a Bride-to-Be (and 3 That Are OK to Say)
Do You Have a Hard Time Being Happy When Friends Announce Their Engagement?
A Funny Thing That Happens When Your Friends Get Engaged
More Ways to Get Glamour
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Photo: Jupiterimages
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Am I the only one who likes "speed" loaders?
1. Model 24222
This model is for 9mm / 10mm / .40 Caliber / .45 Caliber / .357
Wanna kill these ads? We can help!
2. Got it, Thanks.
3. My pleasure.:wavey:
4. I absolutely love my Uplula.
I shoot a .45 and a 9mm, I have big strong hands with no pain and can load my magazines easily... But the Uplula is so fast, it's no comparison.
I personally hate the Glock loaders, tried a few times, never got them to work well for me, went back to hand loading until I got my Uplula.
As well, I pay for range time by the hour, so I'm not into wasting time on the line.
5. collim1
collim1 Shower Time!
I never cared for them for pistol mags. There is a AR15 mag loader that I used years ago when shooting with a friend and can't find now. It fit on top of the mag, you dumped 10 loose rounds in and push the button and bam they were loaded in half a second.
I did have a P226 mag that was a pill to load the 12th round in, I did use a speed loader for it. After a while it no longer gave me problems.
6. Saw the video. That is fast reloading. made my purchase and am waiting for delivery.
Thanks guys for the info on this. Seems like a great addition to the range bag,
7. I use a speed loader at the range... just about every mag I load up. It's so much easier, and less painful on my fingers.
G19 - Gen 3
G37 - Gen 3
S&W 10-5 .38spl Snub Nose
Winchester 1300 Ranger 12 Ga.
NEF Pardner SBI 12 Ga.
Savage 24 O/U - .22LR/410
8. Once you start using the Uplula you get so spoiled that you dont want to load
by hand ever..
9. Damn it. Y'all made me buy one just now. Hope I like it.
10. I love my Uplula! I don't load mags without it!
11. RWBlue
RWBlue Mr. CISSP, CISA
I love them for revolvers.
12. seaswol
seaswol NRA Life Member
UpLula for pistol mags and .223s are sooooo easy to use and fast. My first were ~18.00 and now up to ~26.00. Well worth the price. I have three, one for the reloading bench, one in the "office" and one in the truck for anyone to try out. With care, you can reload most single stack mags with these.
13. Interesting. Nobody has ever given me grief about using my UpLula Mag Loader. In fact just the opposite has happened on many occasions!
14. NEOH212
NEOH212 Diesel Girl
I never liked them at all.
15. Arc Angel
Arc Angel Deus Vult!
16. My UpLULA is perfect for putting 17 rounds in a Glock mag fast and easy.
17. WarEagle 1
WarEagle 1 Taco Tuesday
You don't like anything except for your G22 and HK45!! :supergrin:
19. glock2740
glock2740 Gun lover.
20. my Uplula could be the best $20 I ever spent. Ask my thumbs in November or December
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Excellent info... refutes ANYTHING that Peirs Morgan says
Discussion in 'Gun-Control Issues' started by Lord, Jan 24, 2013.
1. Lord
Lord Senior Member
[ame="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8D8b51EwrI"]Piers Morgan's Anti-gun Argument Destroyed in 4 Minutes by Ben Swann - YouTube[/ame]
Very well done on the stats too..
Wanna kill these ads? We can help!
2. Bet Piers doesn't even mention this. It does nothing to further his agenda, which is popularity. He doesn't care about guns, he only cares about his popularity. Popularity is money in the media and he is all about making more money for himself.
3. Piers Morgan is just trying to emulate the anti-matter version of Bill O'Reilly. No amount of common sense can ever penetrate.
#3 Alizard, Jan 24, 2013
Last edited: Jan 24, 2013
4. Piers Morgan's ratings have been literally at the bottom of his shows category for a long time and his replacement is being discussed at CNN. He is desperate to find an issue that can raise his ratings so that he can keep his job. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:eek:ffice:eek:ffice" /><o:p></o:p>
I refuse to watch or listen to anything that he says. My opinion of this British twit is below contempt. He is a Brit, what else would one expect from him other than to be against our Second Amendment and our way of life.<o:p></o:p>
5. Lord
Lord Senior Member
Personally, I think he should GTFO of the US. he's not even a citizen here, so he HAS NO SAY!
6. Notice the Piers avoids comparisons of the U.S. and Mexico with its much harsher gun control laws.
7. Great information. Though, I still would like to know the UK overall homicide rate per 100k residents.
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Previous: Nextfile Statement, Up: Statements [Contents][Index]
7.4.10 The exit Statement
The exit statement causes awk to immediately stop executing the current rule and to stop processing input; any remaining input is ignored. The exit statement is written as follows:
exit [return code]
When an exit statement is executed from a BEGIN rule, the program stops processing everything immediately. No input records are read. However, if an END rule is present, as part of executing the exit statement, the END rule is executed (see BEGIN/END). If exit is used in the body of an END rule, it causes the program to stop immediately.
An exit statement that is not part of a BEGIN or END rule stops the execution of any further automatic rules for the current record, skips reading any remaining input records, and executes the END rule if there is one. gawk also skips any ENDFILE rules; they do not execute.
In such a case, if you don’t want the END rule to do its job, set a variable to a nonzero value before the exit statement and check that variable in the END rule. See Assert Function, for an example that does this.
If an argument is supplied to exit, its value is used as the exit status code for the awk process. If no argument is supplied, exit causes awk to return a “success” status. In the case where an argument is supplied to a first exit statement, and then exit is called a second time from an END rule with no argument, awk uses the previously supplied exit value. (d.c.) See Exit Status, for more information.
For example, suppose an error condition occurs that is difficult or impossible to handle. Conventionally, programs report this by exiting with a nonzero status. An awk program can do this using an exit statement with a nonzero argument, as shown in the following example:
print "Can't get system date" > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
print "current date is", date_now
NOTE: For full portability, exit values should be between zero and 126, inclusive. Negative values, and values of 127 or greater, may not produce consistent results across different operating systems.
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Search Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »
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1. Advanced Patent Search
Publication numberUS3703395 A
Publication typeGrant
Publication dateNov 21, 1972
Filing dateJul 20, 1970
Priority dateFeb 29, 1968
Publication numberUS 3703395 A, US 3703395A, US-A-3703395, US3703395 A, US3703395A
InventorsAltmann Conrad, Drexler Roger A
Original AssigneeEastman Kodak Co
Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Method for development of electrostatic images
US 3703395 A
Abstract available in
Previous page
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Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
SH. l OF 2 Nov. 21, 1972 R DREXLER ETAL 3,103,395
METHOD FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC IMAGES Original Filed Feb. 29, 1968 42 Sheets-Sheet 1 5. FIG.|
SH. 2 OF 2 Nov. 21; 1972 R. A. DREXLER ET AL METHOD FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC IMAGES Original Filed Feb. 29, 1968 .2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent M 3,703,395 METHOD FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC IMAGES Roger A. Drexler and Conrad Altmann, Rochester, N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. Original application Feb. 29, 1968, Ser. No. 709,281, now Patent No. 3,543,720, dated Dec. 1, 1970. Divided and this application July 20, 1970, Ser. No. 63,961
Int. Cl. G03g 13/08, 15/08 U.S. Cl. 11717.5 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Developer is fed into a cavity faster than it is discharged creating a developer accumulation in the cavity forming a soft, agitated development medium. In preferred embodiments, two magnetic brushes are arranged to create the accumulation in the form of a gently tumbling rollback from the contacting of one of the brushes with the image-bearing surface. In the preferred embodiments, the accumulation is accentuated by adjusting the spacing between the brushes and the image-bearing surface, adjusting the peripheral speed of the brushes and controlling the direction of movement of the image-bearing surface relative to the movement of the brushes.
Carrier carryout is reduced by directing a strong magnetic flux at the rollback area and by providing an auxiliary carrier scavenging mechanism.
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a division of US. application Ser. No. 709,281, filed Feb. 29, 1968, now US. Pat. No. 3,543,720 dated Dec. 1, 1970'.
Reference is made to commonly assigned co-filed US. application Ser. No. 709,280, now US. Pat. No. 3,457,- 900, entitled Single Magnetic Brush Apparatus for Development of Electrostatic Images filed even date herewith in the name of Roger A. Drexler.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electrostatic images (which term is meant to include all electrostatic charge patterns, regardless of the method of formation) and, more specifically, to methods and apparatus for developing electrostatic images carried on an insulating surface.
In electrography, it is common to form an electrostatic image on an insulating surface and to develop that image by applying toner particles thereto. The resulting toner image is then utilized. In the most common commercial applications, the toner is either transferred in image configuration to another surface and then fixed or is fixed to the insulating surface itself. In processes in which the toner is transferred from the insulating surface prior to fixing, the insulating surface generally is reused.
Triboelectric developing systems have been adapted to the general development of electrostatic images. In such systems, finely divided toner particles are held to the surface of much larger carrier particles by electrostatic charges created by triboelectri fication, forming a mixture (herein called a developer). When the developer is brought into contact Wtih an electrostatic image, the attraction of the image for the triboelectrically charged toner overcomes the attraction of the carrier for the toner and the image is developed.
Among triboelectric developing systems, the most commonly used are cascade systems and magnetic brush systems. In cascade systems, gravity is used to roll developer across the image. Because cascade systems use gravity as their primary moving force, they are neces- Patented Nov. 21, 1972 sarily speed limited. In automatic machines, a cascade recirculation system generally requires substantial machine space.
In magnetic brush systems, the carrier particles are ferromagnetic in nature. These ferromagnetic carrier particles are held to an applicator surface, for example, a non-magnetic cylinder, in bristle formation by magnetic attraction. With the proper use of applicator, one or more magnets and developer, the bristles can be brushed across a surface carrying an electrostatic image. The electrostatic attraction of the toner for the image overcomes the triboelectrically created attraction between toner and ferromagnetic particles and the image is developed. Areas of the image exerting less attractive force on the toner than is exerted by the carrier are cleaned of toner as they are brushed. This is commonly aided by application of an electrical bias to the carrier through the applicating surface of the brush. Magnetic brushes also have been designed to give either fringe or solid area development by adjusting the conductivity of the carrier. They can also be made to tone areas of less charge and clean areas of greater charge giving what is known in the art as a reverse development.
Commercial applications of magnetic brush development have been quite extensive. However, such applications generally have been concentrated in the area of development of electrostatic images formed on a nonreusable insulating surface, such as zinc oxide coated paper. That is, the toner image is fixed to the insulating surface carrying the electrostatic image rather than being transferred prior to fixing.
In applying magnetic brush development to systems in which the surface to be toned is to be reused after utilization of the toner pattern, certain problems are accentuated. For example, repeated rubbing by the fairly coarse bristles of the magnetic brush has a tendency both to scratch the insulating surface and to create a toner scum on it. These problems are particularly severe when the insulating surface is photoconductive, as in xerography, because of difficulties in proper image formation on a scratched or scummed photoconductive surface.
Additionally, a powder transfer process greatly increases image degradation caused by carrier carryout. More specifically, small carrier particles are commonly picked up by the insulating surface in the toning operation and have the effect at toner transfer of holding a large area of the transfer surface away from the photosensitive surface thereby inhibiting powder transfer. This problem is much reduced if no transfer of toner is included in the process, as is the case when the powder is fixed to the toned surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to effectively tone an electrostatic image.
It is another object of this invention to minimize surface scratching and scumming resulting from magnetic brush development of a reusable insulating surface.
It is another object of this invention to improve triboelectric developer agitation in magnetic brush development thereby providing good quality development with low toner concentrations.
It is another object of this invention to reduce carrier carryout in magnetic brush development.
It is another object of this invention to effectively tone areas desired to be solid black.
It is another object of this invention to provide a mag netic brush developing apparatus with a soft, Well-mixed toning medium and reduced carrier carryout, which is particularly adapted for use with a reusable photoconductive surface.
According to the invention, scratching and scumming are reduced by a developer feed and discharge arrangement which provide a substantial developer accumulation in a cavity accessible to the image-carrying surface. This accumulation gives a soft, less abrasive toning medium which, in turn, gives effective toning, including toning of solid areas.
It is a feature of a preferred form of this invention that the feed and discharge arrangement is so constructed to gently tumble the developer accumulated in the cavity, giving thorough mixing and triboelectric charging, and thereby providing effective toning at remarkably low toner concentrations.
Although the accumulation of toner can be created and agitated with a number of forms of apparatus within the concept of this invention, it is a preferred feature of this invention to position two cylindrical magnetic brushes so that portions of their outer surfaces form a cavity with the insulating surface to be toned. One brush (herein called the feed brush) is rotated rapidly to bring developer into the cavity and barely contacts the image-bearing surface which is moving in the opposite direction. The other brush (herein called the discharge brush) is rotated at a slower speed in the same direction. It picks up developer from the feed brush and brushes it lightly across the insulating surface while carrying the developer out of the cavity. Because of the position and rates of rotation of the two brushes, the form of the magnetic fields created by the brushes, and/ or the relative direction of motion of the image-bearing surface, there is a build up of developer in the cavity. This accumulation of developer is in the form of a rollback from the discharge brush, although it may fill the cavity. Because this developer is not as closely associated with the magnetic fields of the brushes as developer actually being carried by the brushes, it is softer and not as bristly or coarse, giving less abrasion and scumming of the insulating surface. The motion of the brushes and the image-bearing surface causes developer to tumble gently, giving thorough and constant mixing of toner and carrier and good triboelectric charging.
With the lessening of the influence of the magnetic field, there may be a tendency toward more carrier carryout on the insulating surface. It is a feature of this invention to reduce this carrier or iron carryout by careful placement of a strong magnet in the feed brush so that it creates a substantial magnetic attractive force directly in the rollback area.
It is also a feature to further reduce carryout, by the feed brush itself which touches the insulating surface so lightly or not at all that it does very little toning, but is close enough to scavenge away from the surface, carrier that may have adhered thereto despite the action of the strong magnet.
It is also a feature of this invention to do further carrier scavenging with an auxiliary magnetic scavenging structure more fully described below.
Other objects and inventive features will appear from the more specific description of the preferred embodiments of the invention below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic brush assembly constructed according to the in vention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary top view showing the drive train of the magnetic brush assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative magnetic brush assembly constructed according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative magnet arrangement for the magnetic brush assembly of FIG. 3.
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Accordinng to FIGS. 1 and 2, an electrostatic charge pattern carried on an insulating surface 2 of a web 1 driven by drive roller 53 and having a conductive backing 3 is to be toned. The surface 2 is moved past a discharge magnetic brush 4 and a feed magnetic brush 5 mounted in a developer trough 11 or other reservoir means. The brushes can be constructed individually according to a variety of designs known in the prior art. According to FIG. 1, a preferred design for this application includes a stationary core 10 of non-magnetic material around which is mounted a stationary magnetic pole piece 25 that may be made of soft steel or other magnetic material. Mounted around part of the circumference of the pole piece 25 is a series of permanent magnets 6, for example, rubber-bonded barium ferrite magnetic strips or poles. Concentric with the arrangement of these elements and on the outside thereof are rotatable, preferably surfaceroughened, non-magnetic rollers 7 and 8. Each brush is constructed so that, as the rollers 7 and 8 rotate, developer particles are held on its surface and moved with the roller while in the field of the magnetic strips. The magnetic strips 6 are arranged so that a section of each roller is not enough of the influence of the magnetic field to hold the developer on the roller.
As shown in FIG. 1, the two magnetic brushes 4 and 5 are arranged so that the feed brush 5 feeds developer to the discharge brush 4. If a close doctor blade is not used with the discharge brush to define a short bristle size, a rollback 9 of developer will occur at a point just prior to contact of the discharge brush with the insulating surface. This rollback can be enhanced by several features shown in the drawing. First, the brushes are rotated so that they move in a direction opposite to the movement of the insulating surface 2 at the points of contact therewith. Second, the feed brush 5 is rotated at a faster rate than the discharge brush 4. Third, the feed brush is spaced farther from the insulating surface 2 than the discharge brush. Either of the second or third features, if accentuated, are sufiicient alone to create an accumulation of developer in cavity 15 and, hence, a usable rollback. However, a preferred form of the invention uses all three features in combination to create a rollback of developer of substantial size, which may substantially fill the cavity 15 between the brushes and the insulating surface.
With a substantial accumulation of developer in the rollback cavity 15, this arrangement does most of its effective toning in the softer rollback area 9 with very little toning done in area 12 and 13 of stiffer bristle. The developer in the rollback which contacts the surface 2 is not held as firmly by the magnetic fields of either brush as the developer in bristle formation on the rollers and is therefore less abrasive to the surface 2.. In addition, it is constantly being gently tumbled, giving good triboelectric charging and effective mixing.
Obviously, developer cannot build up in the rollback cavity indefinitely. Excess toner fed into the brush after the rollback is built up overflows at the ends of the cylinders and falls ito the reservoir 11 to be reused.
Ferromagnetic carrier particles in the rollback area have a tendency to be occasionally carried away by the insulating surface. This can be reduced by aiming at strong magnet 19 in the second brush at the rollback 9. The strength of this magnet is preferably worked out cmpirically for the softness desired in the rollback and the carryout permissible. Further, the feed brush, which lightly contacts the insulating surface after the surface passes the rollback area, is effective to remove some of those carrier particles actually picked up by the electrostatic image in toning.
A scavening device 30 can also be used. It includes a stationary single strong magnet 31 placed in close proximity with the insulating surface 2 and a rotatable nonmagnetic roller 32 between the magnet and surface 2 to carry out ferromagnetic particles attracted toward the magnet.
Many alternative mechanisms may be used to drive the rollers 7 and 8 at different speeds. One such mechanism is shown in FIG. 2 in which a single drive gear 29 connected to a source of power, not shown, drives a gear connected by a shaft 26 to roller 8 and drives a gear 27, which has a larger diameter than gear 28, and is connected through a shaft 24 to roller 7. The difference in the diameters of the gears will cause roller 8 to be rotated at a faster speed than roller 7. Alternatively, the gears can be made the same size and the rotations per minute of the rollers 7 and 8 be made equal, but the second roller 8 be made of larger diameter than the first roller 7, thereby providing a greater peripheral speed. Alternatively, the size and speed of rotation of the rollers can be made equal, but the strength of the magnets and, hence, the size of the bristles in the feed brush made greater than in the discharge brush.
Similarly, many alternative means may be used for replenishing toner used up in the process. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a toner dispenser 50 including a hopper 51 allows toner to fall at a regular rate onto a paddle wheel 52 which rotates and feeds toner into the trough 11. Fresh toner is circulated gradually toward the bottom of the feed brush by paddle wheels 21 and 22, Where it is picked up by the second brush to begin use in the process.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternative design invented by R. A. Drexler, one of the co-inventors herewith and included in said above-mentioned co-pending application. According to FIGS. 3 and 4, a single magnetic brush 63 is constructed essentially the same as each magnetic brush in FIG. 1 except that a feed portion 68 of the brush contains stronger magnets than a discharge portion 70. Strong feed magnets 61 are attached to a pole piece 67 on a central core 66, and weaker discharger magnets 62 are attached to a pole piece 64. The magnets 61 in the feed portion, being stronger, hold more developer on an outside surface of a rotating roller 65 than is held by the same roller under the influence of weaker magnets 62 in the discharge portion 70, and a rollback is created in a rollback cavity 69. In this embodiment, the rollback cavity 69 is defined by the rotating roller 65 in the discharge portion of the magnetic brush together with the insulating surface 2, and is open on one side as well as both ends.
In FIG. 4 is shown an alternative design for the apparatus of FIG. 3 in which the magnets associated with the feed portion of the magnetic brush are not strips as shown in FIG. 3 but are horseshoe magnets 71 embedded in core 66.
In addition to producing a softer medium which is less harmful to a photoconductive or other insulating surface, the broad soft development surface also gives excellent image resolution. The rollback action provides a continuous soft mixing of toner and carrier helping to maintain the proper polarity of charge on the toner at the development area. This continuous mixing combined with the effectiveness of the toning allows for substantial variations in overall toning concentrations with toning results that are very close in quality. If the brushes are used as development electrodes, the apparatus will give especially uniform blacks in solid image areas.
As an example of the invention, two brushes are constructed as shown in FIG. 1. The rotating cylinders 7 and 8 are made 3 inches in diameter and A inch apart at their closest outside points. The strip magnets 6 have enough magnetic attraction for iron particles of +80 l20 mesh to produce bristles approximately inch long. The axes of cylinders 7 and 8 are offset with respect to the insulating surface 2 by A inch with the periphery of feed cylinder 8 approximately 7 inch and discharge cylinder 7 approximately /8 inch from insulating surface 2, respectively, at their closest points. With surface 2 moving at 20 inches a second, feed cylinder 8 is rotated at r.p.m. and discharge cylinder 7 is rotated at 40 r.p.m. Excellent toning is obtained at these speeds With bias adjustments as in prior magnetic brushes. As toner concentration is varied from 3 to 6 percent by weight, no difference in print quality is noticeable to the naked eye. This remarkable and highly useful feature is believed to be due to the excellent mixing and tribe-electric charging obtained as the developer tumbles in the rollback cavity 15. Although 65 and 40 r.p.m. appear to be optimum speeds for these parameters, little difference actually is noticed if the cylinders 8 and 7 are rotated at a variety of other speeds, for example, at 40 and 30 r.p.m., respectively. The parameters giving best results with any particular equipment, developer and type of image are preferably worked out empirically with that equipment, developer and type of image.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effective within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims. For example, although the invention has been described with reference to magnetic brush means for transporting toner into and out of a rollback cavity, it can be seen by such description that other means of creating a soft tumbling development medium can be used within the spirit of the invention. For example, fiber brushes, rollers with ridges, etc., could also be used to create a similar effect.
We claim:
1. A method of developing an electrostatic charge pattern on an insulating surface, said method comprising:
(a) moving the insulating surface in a first direction across a development zone;
(b) magnetically transporting a developer mixture of iron particles and toner particles from a reservoir to the development zone at a first transport rate and from a direction opposite to said first direction; and
(c) magnetically transporting the developer mixture out of the development zone at a second transport rate which is sufficiently less than said first transport rate to provide a substantial accumulation of developer mixture in the development zone, which accumulation is subjected to a lesser magnetic attraction than the magnetic attraction during its transport;
whereby the movement of insulating surface causes the accumulation to roll back and tumble in the development zone causing an increased degree of contact between the particles of the developer mixture and the insulating surface.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,318,284 5/1967 Hojo et al l17-17.5 3,402,698 9/1968 Kojima et al. 1l7-l7.5 3,133,834 5/1964 Sowiak 118-637 3,145,122 8/1964 Streich 118-637 3,219,014 11/1965 Mott et a1. 118637 3,256,855 6/1966 Olip'hant 118-637 3,355,288 11/1967 Matkan ll717.5 3,543,720 12/1970 Drexler et a1 118-637 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,218,287 6/1966 Germany 118-637 17,228 8/1965 Japan 118-637 OTHER REFERENCES Medley: Development of Electrostatic Images, IBM Techncal Bulletin, vol. 2, No. 2, p. 485, August 1959.
WILLIAM D. MARTIN, Primary Examiner M. SOFOCLEOUS, Assistant Examiner
Referenced by
Citing PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitle
US3791730 *Sep 5, 1972Feb 12, 1974Xerox CorpApparatus for developing electrostatic latent images
US3920329 *Sep 25, 1974Nov 18, 1975Xerox CorpBackground removal apparatus
US3924567 *Mar 11, 1974Dec 9, 1975Pitney Bowes IncApparatus and process for developing electrostatic
US4043298 *May 26, 1976Aug 23, 1977Xerox CorporationMagnetic toner scavenging system
US4063533 *Aug 2, 1976Dec 20, 1977International Business Machines CorporationMultiple brush developer applying apparatus with a toner diverter blade
US4080054 *Nov 26, 1976Mar 21, 1978Rank Xerox Ltd.Device for replenishing toner particles
US4081571 *Jul 29, 1975Mar 28, 1978Mita Industrial Co. Ltd.Method for developing electrostatic latent images
US4084542 *Jun 7, 1977Apr 18, 1978Rank Xerox, Ltd.Positioning apparatus for magnetic brush developing device
US4098228 *Nov 22, 1976Jul 4, 1978Xerox CorporationHigh speed magnetic brush development system
US4108658 *Feb 10, 1977Aug 22, 1978Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V.Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US4126100 *Jul 26, 1977Nov 21, 1978Mita Industrial Company Ltd.Apparatus for causing a developer powder to make an irregular motion in a developing zone
US4185130 *Apr 18, 1977Jan 22, 1980E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyMagnetic image decorator
US4210397 *Nov 13, 1978Jul 1, 1980Pitney Bowes Inc.Copying machine with electromagnetic scavenger assembly and process
US4240374 *May 29, 1979Dec 23, 1980E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And CompanyMagnetic image decorator having rotating cylinders and knife blades associated therewith
US4266503 *May 18, 1979May 12, 1981Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaApparatus for forming a cloud of toner particles
US4266868 *Jul 16, 1979May 12, 1981Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyMultiple roll developing apparatus
US4267248 *Feb 26, 1979May 12, 1981Hitachi Metals, Ltd.Magnet-brush development process of electric pattern images
US4297972 *Nov 5, 1979Nov 3, 1981Xerox CorporationDevelopment system
US4299901 *Apr 21, 1980Nov 10, 1981Xerox CorporationMethod of development
US4350432 *Dec 12, 1979Sep 21, 1982Ricoh Company Ltd.Development apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images
US4354454 *Nov 21, 1980Oct 19, 1982Olympus Optical Company LimitedDeveloping device with magnetic pole having magnetic spacer members
US4378754 *Aug 5, 1981Apr 5, 1983Wang Laboratories, Inc.Toner applicator system for magnetography
US4614420 *May 31, 1983Sep 30, 1986Xerox CorporationMagnetically agitated development system
US7406279 *Oct 31, 2005Jul 29, 2008Xerox CorporationXerographic developer unit having multiple magnetic brush rolls rotating with the photoreceptor
US7792473 *Feb 25, 2008Sep 7, 2010Sharp Kabushiki KaishaDevelopment apparatus and image forming apparatus
EP0019380A1 *Apr 24, 1980Nov 26, 1980Xerox CorporationApparatus for developing a latent image
EP0024822A1 *Jul 30, 1980Mar 11, 1981Xerox CorporationApparatus for developing electrostatic latent images
EP0028537A1 *Nov 5, 1980May 13, 1981Xerox CorporationApparatus for developing a latent image and electrostatographic printing machine incorporating same
U.S. Classification430/122.1, 427/469, 427/598, 427/145, 399/277
International ClassificationG03G15/095, G03G15/09
Cooperative ClassificationG03G15/09, G03G15/095
European ClassificationG03G15/095, G03G15/09
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2202
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Adam vinateiri
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1. theprizdfighter
theprizdfighter Newb to the 19.5°
I am completely happy with Bironas as our kicker.
2. avvie
avvie Ke ali'i o na okole Tip Jar Donor
No problem....we're still pals.;) I didn't mean to come across as threatening, but I couldn't figure out any other phrasing. It doesn't bother me that much, which is why i put the "irked' smiley instead of the "angry" one...the only thing that really ticks me off is the loud tuba music coming from my neighbor's car.
True, Gary Anderson is old, but he was still "Automatic Anderson". Just because someone is 30+ doesn't mean that they're washed up or dead. "Life begins at 40", which, as someone who's going to live in Maui can attest, is true :) I am still free from gray hairs, though I am considerably more fragile than I used to be, but I have a small frame and I have worked it to death. Still, I don't enjoy being called "old"...I still think of that as a feeble, grey-haired person shaking a cane at all the "whippersnappers". :ha:
Because a great number of forum posters aren't old enough to drive or work, and throw that term around a lot.
There was a discussion going on in a local music forum: "Would you have an old guy in your band?" In this case, "old" was 34. One of the responses was classic: "Of course you should! Who's gonna whip out the AAA Club and Visa cards when your van breaks down?" :ha:
3. MadAboutMcNair
MadAboutMcNair Starter
Hey there Soxcat, you don't think Vinateiri is better than Bironas? How many xp's did vinateiri miss last year? The guy is clutch. He may not be a priority, but he would be some sweet frosting on an already nice F.A. cake.
4. Looking at their stats from last year, it certainly doesn't seem like there was a major difference between the two of them on the field.
But Vinatieri is MUCH more expensive...
5. Apparantly, he's visited the Packers
They need him more than we do
Bad Weather Bad Team
6. Soxcat
Soxcat Starter
Looking at all FGs less than 50 yards Bironas was 21 of 24 and Vinny was 30 of 23. Bironas also hit 40% of his kcks over 50 yards and Vinny hit 0%.
Bironas has a slightly stronger leg on KOs. Why spend millions more to get a guy who isn't any better than Bironas right now in his career?
Oh Vinny did miss an XP this year so he wasn't perfect either.
7. SEC 330 BIPOLAR
SEC 330 BIPOLAR jive turkey
Ever seen that movie Jesus of Nazareth???
ok guys...This whole Bironas thing makes me want to share an antedote from attending games. The best thing about Bironas, aside from his youth and the near identical Adam Vinateiri numbers is the Bironas chant. This is my own cheer I have made up... Bironas has actually heard this cheer and he thinks it's pretty funny, judging by his expression and laughter... (sometimes a losing season makes for GREAT seat upgrades- basically the Coliseum has been general admission for the back end of the last two seasons... anyways... this isn't about religion or Christianity but the chant comes from the New Testament of The Bible...<--click the wikipedia for an explanation...
8. Wow, that's a great percentage... :ha:
9. MadAboutMcNair
MadAboutMcNair Starter
Maybe Bironas will be the star player we all want him to be. I just got tense when he would attempt a kick. I can't put my finger on it, and statistically you guys are right, no argument. He was a huge improvement over previous kickers on the kickoff, as previously mentioned. I Dunno.
Bironas isn't very old for a kicker. Sorry to bring up age again.
10. SEC 330 BIPOLAR
SEC 330 BIPOLAR jive turkey
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Thread: xbox 360
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Old August 8th, 2009, 09:44 PM #5
In the band!
Join Date: 01-01-08
Location: Davison/Flint, Michigan
Posts: 88
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like 2 or three cant remember what they are. its been in a box in my room for about 2 months i never unpacked it after i moved. its only like 6 months old
Cmm0291 is offline Reply With Quote
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Broil Lamb Chops Recipes
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The Most Common Running Injuries And How To Avoid Them
Posted: Updated:
By Laura Schwecherl
Make no bones (or muscles or tendons) about it: Start running, and there's a good chance injury may follow. Some estimate that nearly 80 percent of runners are injured each year. (They don't tell you that before joining the track team.) Most injuries are caused by overuse -- applying repeated force over a prolonged period of time. Sudden changes in training volume, whether a newbie or a vet, can also do some damage. Here are 12 of the most common ailments that plague those who hit the pavement, along with a few ways to stop the pain.
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Runner's knee. Experiencing a tender pain around or behind the patella (or kneecap) is a sure sign of patellofemoral pain syndrome, a fancy term for runner's knee. (And yep, this ailment is so common among runners it was named after them.)
Find relief: The repetitive force of pounding on the pavement, downhill running, muscle imbalances and weak hips can put extra stress on the patella, so stick to flat or uphill terrain, and opt for softer running surfaces when or wherever possible. To treat the pain, some experts suggest knee taping and/or braces, anti-inflammatory medications and cutting back on the mileage.
Achilles tendinitis. The swelling of the Achilles, the tissues that connect the heel to lower-leg muscles, can be the result of many finicky factors: rapid mileage increase, improper footwear, tight calf muscles or even having a naturally flat foot.
Prevent the pain: To help sidestep this pesky pain, make sure to always stretch the calf muscles post-workout, and wear supportive shoes. Also, chill out on all the hill climbing, which puts extra stress on tendons. Anti-inflammatories, stretching, and the ol' R.I.C.E strategy (rest, ice, compression, elevation) are the best ways to get back on the path to recovery.
Plantar fasciitis. This tricky-to-pronounce pain is due to the inflammation, irritation or tearing of the plantar fascia -- tissue on the bottom of the foot. Just some of the causes include excess pounding on the roads or strapping on unsupportive footwear (read: flip-flops) to go the distance. The result: extreme stiffness, or a stabbing pain in the arch of the foot (sounds like fun right?).
Soothe the sole: Wearing shoes with extra cushion, stretching and rolling a tennis ball over the heel and getting ample rest can help dull the pain. If the problem persists, doctors recommend wearing custom-made orthotics, a night splint or in some cases getting a steroid shot into the heel (ouch!) to speed up recovery and keep on keepin' on.
Shin splints. If you're a runner who's never experienced that aching, stabbing sensation in the shin, please tell us your secret! Among the most nagging of injuries, shin splints occur when the muscles and tendons covering the shinbone become inflamed.
Stop the stabbing: Try icing the shins for 15-20 minutes and keeping them elevated at night to reduce swelling. Prevention is a little trickier, but some researchers find shock-absorbing insoles that support the arch may help. Also make sure those sneaks are the right fit for the foot, and stick to running on softer grounds whenever possible. Avoid hills, too, which put extra force on the shin's tibialis muscle.
Iliotibial band syndrome. Distance runners take note: This injury is not your friend. ITBS triggers pain on the outside of the knee, due to the inflammation of the Iliotibial band, a thick tendon that stretches from the pelvic pone down the tibia (the bone that runs down the thigh). Common culprits include increased mileage (half-marathon training, anyone?), downhill running or weak hips.
Ease the ache: Give those muscles some love. Specific stretches, along with foam rolling, may decrease inflammation and help reduce pain.
Stress fracture. Non-contact sports can have some bone breaks, too. Stress fractures are tiny cracks in the bone caused by repeatedly pounding greater amounts of force than the leg bones can bear.
Find time to chill: Taking some time off is a must and usually involves some crutches with a side of physical therapy. And in some cases, an x-ray may reveal it's time to go under the knife (yikes!). To avoid the sidelines, make cross-training your BFF to avoid overuse, wear proper shoes and get enough calcium to keep bones strong.
Patellar tendinitis. It's often referred to as "jumper's knee," but this is one injury that's just as common among distance runners. Patellar tendinitis strikes when overuse (sensing a pattern here?) leads to tiny tears in the patellar tendon (the tendon that connects the kneecap to the shinbone). Overpronation, over-training and too many hill repeats are likely causes.
Tenderize it: To reduce the risk of patellar tendinitis, strengthen the hamstrings and quads (at the gym or at home!), and ice the knee at the onset of pain. Doctors also recommend physical therapy to help soothe and strengthen the tendon.
Ankle sprain. A sprain occurs when the ankle rolls in or outward, stretching the ligament (and causing some serious pain). Curbs, potholes, tree branches (or just an unfortunate landing) can be just a few of the unfortunate culprits.
Straighten out: Recovery may be a little shaky at first, but many experts suggest doing balance exercises (like single-legged squats) to strengthen the muscles around the ankle. Stick to some solid rest after the sprain occurs; how long depends on the sprain's severity, so see a doc for a more specific game plan. They might also recommend an ankle brace or air cast, and taping it up when you're ready to get back out there to prevent re-twisting.
Pulled muscles. When a muscle is overstretched, fibers and tendons can tear and cause a pulled muscle. (The calf and hamstring are common muscle pulls among runners!). Overuse, inflexibility and forgetting to warm-up are a few possible causes.
Prevent the pull: A proper warm-up, cool-down and dynamic stretching pre-workout is the best way to avoid a pesky pull. While the pain persists, lay off (up to five days!), and stick to gentle stretching and icing the muscle.
Blisters. More annoying than a younger brother, blisters can pop up when we least expect it. As the heel rubs against the shoe, the top layer of skin can tear, leaving a bubble between the layers of skin.
Stop it or pop it: The best way to beat 'em is prevention: Make sure the shoe (literally) fits, and wear a good pair of synthetic socks. If a blister still appears, cover it up with special Band-Aids, moleskins or gels.
Chafing. For most, there's no escaping it. When skin rubs against skin (we're looking at you, thighs), the skin can become angry and irritated.
Stop the sting: Avoid those short-shorts and throw on a pair of longer running shorts or capris to avoid that skin-on-skin action. When in doubt, there are also products like Bodyglide to keep things moving.
Side stitch. Ever get that awful pain on the side of the stomach? Formally called exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), side stitches can really creep up -- affecting nearly 70 percent of runners. Many experts believe the pain is caused by the diaphragm beginning to spasm from being overworked and suggest poor running posture could be to blame.
Nix the stitch: Remember to stand up straight to help prevent a stitch. If it strikes, try bending forward and tightening the core, or breathing with pursed lips to help ease pain.
Just Beat It -- Your Action Plan Still hell-bent on racking up the miles? (Yeah, most runners are.) Remember there's a fine line between pushing through and pushing your luck -- and only you (and your doctor) will know what's best when the running gets rough. To minimize the aches and pains, though, consider these general tips to help stay on the safe side:
• Stick to the 10 percent rule. Don't increase mileage by more than 10 percent each week. Upping those miles unexpectedly is a major reason overuse injuries occur!
• Warm up and cool down. Heading for an intense run? Remember to warm up and cool down to ease the body in and out of a workout. This will help keep injuries at bay.
• Fix your form. Smooth and efficient is the key. Not only will poor form hinder performance, it could lead to unnecessary pain. So make sure to use correct running technique to prevent injuries, especially shin splints and back aches. Imbalances in the body can also lead to problems down the road, and it never hurts to visit a skilled physical therapist who can help identify and address any biomechanical issues.
• Replace the sneaks. Keep track of how many miles those shoes have logged, and replace them every 600 miles -- if not sooner! It's also worth swinging by a specialty running shoe store, where they can help you figure out which shoe is the perfect fit.
• Keep it even. Avoid running on uneven surfaces that put unnecessary stress on ligaments. And while off-roading is a fun change of pace, rough terrain may make it easier to twist an ankle -- so be extra careful on the trails.
• Strength train. Don't disregard those dumbbells, even if running's your main gig. Lifting can increase structural fitness -- which helps bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles endure all that pounding. Pay special attention to strengthening hips, too, since weak hips are linked to higher rates of injury.
• Know your limit. Shocker: Overtraining can cause overuse injuries. Make sure to take at least one day off per week, and mix up those fartleks and hill-repeats with some easier recovery runs. Don't forget to pencil in regular rest days, too. You (and your body) deserve it!
Disclaimer: Remember that none of this information should substitute professional medical advice. Definitely check with a doctor or physical therapist first once those aches and pains arise!
For more on fitness and exercise, click here.
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Standard Armor
Edit Page Last Edit: 3 years 10 months ago
Trooper Armor is Standard Issue for the soldiers of the Earth Defense Force. It is designed for maximum mobility.
The Trooper Armor lacks the shielding and power system found in the advanced armors, but has definite advantages of its own. With experience and time spent in this armor, a soldier can run faster, evade more easily, reload weapons faster and revive fallen comrades more quickly than any of the other armors. The Trooper Armor also allows use o f a number of unique weapon variants
• Sprinting is not as fast as the Jet Armor, but it's much faster than the Tactical and Battle Armors.
• Weapons are the key to this armor class. Check out which ones are the most devastating.
• If you are unsure of how the other armors are used, the Standard Armor is the best way to start the game.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2357
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Co-Creating with God
Ignite Your Light & Business with the Power of Connection
How to Summon your Guardian Angel
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There are many ways that you can build a relationship with your Guardian Angel. It's no more difficult or less rewarding than building a friendship with anyone else in your life. The best way to start is to acknowledge your Angel - start by speaking praise aloud while thinking devotions. Unfortunately, many people don't do this because they don't believe Angels exist. Sadly, they will not receive as much spiritual guidance as those who do take the time to acknowledge the existence of their own immortal assistants.
Show your devotion A simple greeting as you start each day and thank you at night will be appreciated by your angel. If you feel inclined you may wear an angel pendant or pin etc as proof of your angelic faith. Pledge your trust everyday with a simple saying such as; 'Guardian Angel, who I trust, please guide my actions today' Show your respect by being conscious of your intuitive feelings that your Angel sends and go with those actions.
Occasionally you may pledge your loyalty by finding a chant that works for you, such as; Guardian Angel I acknowledge your presence in my life, I trust the guidance you offer me, I respect the power of this union and I shall remain loyal to our cause by doing my best to evolve spiritually and psychically, Thank you
Always pray in the positive Always speak in positive terms when praying aloud. For example, instead of praying, "don't let my dog die," pray "let my dog live." And also, pray in the present tense, because Angels are creatures of this moment. Ask for exactly what you want, also stating when you need it. And ALWAYS say THANK YOU after you've asked for something, as though it's already yours, as though it the Angel's miracle has already manifested itself in your life.
Angels only understand feelings Some people believe that Angels only understand feelings and emotions. They have not kept up with the many languages of Earth and so human words do not work, only your feelings can reach their level of consciousness - and the Angels will bring to you more of what you are feeling (that can be a scary thought). They see what you feel for - as being what you are asking for. This school of thought also says to be thankful for your gift as well. Try to feel your gratitude in your heart.
The Seven Arch Angels The Old Testament describes seven Arch Angels; Michael, Gabriel, Raphael and Uriel are the most active, but Haniel, Raguel and Barakiel also appear throughout the Holy Scriptures.
Michael was the first Angel to be created by God. He is the ruler of the seraphim and he threw Lucifer out of Heaven after the War. He is the one who spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Gabriel is a trumpeter, and as such the messenger. As we all know he is the one who spoke to the Virgin Mary. He is also the ruler of cherubim.
Raphael is the angel of the spirits of humankind and the supervisor of Guardian Angels He is the healer and guardian of young people. He heals the Earth when it has been defiled by Lucifer and his minions; it was also he who warned Adam about the dangers of mortal sin. He is the ruling prince of the virtues.
Uriel is the Angel of light. It was he who wielded the fiery sword as he drove Adam and Eve from Eden. He warned Noah about the flood and predicted the coming of the Jewish Messiah.
Haniel is the glory or grace of God. He is invoked as a guardian against evil. He is the ruling prince of principalities.
Raguel is an Angel of Earth. He brings erring Angels to account and punishes them accordingly.
Barakiel is known as lightning of God'. He's sometimes invoked by name to bring success in games of chance.
The word Angel The origin of the word Angel comes from the Greek angelos which is the equivalent of the Hebrew mal'akh which means 'messenger'.
Sometimes God uses angels to test us. God tells us to be kind and loving toward others because we never know if someone is an angel unaware. A few years ago, when I was working at a convenience store and was helping a customer out front, a noticed a transient man, dressed in heavy clothes, holding a small bag. He barely concealed his face. I went to him and asked if he was hungry. He nodded an affirmative response, so I led him inside to choose a sandwich. While he stood at the cooler, I turned my back for about two seconds. When I turned back, he had vanished. There was not enough time for him to move as far as the next isle. He just disappeared. I asked my coworker at the cash register if she had seen the man with me leave. But she said no, and that she had never even seen him come in with me!
Angels help you in life Can you recall the times where you were prompted to act on instinct, discarding logic and the results were better than if you'd acted sensibly? Perhaps your Guardian Angel was guiding your actions? Have you ever just missed an automotive collision by seconds because of some strange perversion of chance? Was it was your Angel at work?
Angels realize that you live on a material planet and material values apply here -- you cannot always accept the spiritual values they wish to apply. Angels help man live in the balance between the two systems. The do not wish to intrude into your privacy and let you learn through experience - they do not judge you at all.
Rob Campbell is an article marketer that uses to find original content for spiritual articles and new religious concepts. Members here are well educated and incredibly helpful.
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The Indianapolis Colts are offering fans a big cash prize if they can correctly guess the exact temperature at every game -- including preseason games -- this year. If that wasn't big enough of a catch, entries have to be in by Thursday. Meteorologists can't pinpoint the daytime temperature during the morning news and the Colts expect people to be able to do it four months in advance, for 16 games?
The folks at 538 did their mathematical thing and determined that the odds of correctly guessing the kickoff temperature for an entire season of Sundays is approximately 1 in 248 septillion. That's 248 followed by 24 zeros.
Here are some other steep odds, all of which you're more likely to accomplish than guessing the Colts' temperatures.
ENTER THE CONTEST: Pick the temperature
1. 1 in 9,200,000,000,000,000,000 (Filling out a perfect NCAA tournament bracket)
2. 1 in 49,000,000,000,000,000,000 (Line up all 7 billion people on earth. Pick two at random. These are the odds that those two people are Peyton Manning and Andrew Luck.)
3. 1 in 497,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (Going to Vegas and winning a straight-up roulette bet (guessing a single number) 15 times in a row)
4. 1 in 5,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (Hitting the Powerball jackpot three times in a row)
5. 1 in 248,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (Winning the Colts' ridiculous weather game.)
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Thread: Ty
View Single Post
Old 03-13-2011, 07:41 PM #5
Jazz Fan
UtahJazzFan88's Avatar
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: Utah
Posts: 6,157
Default Re: Ty
Corbin's coaching moves have been interesting, it's hard to tell whether it's due to the fact we just aren't that good, or Ty hasn't done a good job coaching. I really haven't been a big fan of some of his rotations and line-ups, and I really hope we don't see CJ Miles playing PF like in Toronto ever again, even though we won.
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Customize Control Center settings in iOS 7
Enable or disable Control Center access on Lock Screen or within apps in iOS 7
Here's how you can customize the Control Center settings in iOS 7 to enable or disable Lock Screen access, or access within apps.
1. Go to Settings.
2. Go to Control Center.
3. Toggle the Access On Lock Screen or Access Within Apps switches to the On or Off position.
This can be very useful if you don't want to use Control Center from within apps (you can avoid accidentally swiping up from the bottom). It is also useful to prevent access to the Control Center from the Lock Screen.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2430
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Ghoulish gadgets: cool Halloween tech
Some would say that Halloween is not a techie-type holiday. To those people I, and the creative (read: demented) makers of these gadgets, say "Boo!"
Thumbin' a drive
I have to admit, I was not prepared for this. But seriously, this "thumb drive" is an obvious choice for Halloween and a pun to boot. You can get cheaper 8gb drives (this one costs $40)...but would you dare?!
[ The Gamer's Halloween Costume Guide ]
Available at: Brando
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10 IFTTT recipes to make you more productive at work
If This, Then That lets you build automated processes to help manage your digital life
If technology is supposed to make our lives simpler, why do our lives seem more stressful than ever? One reason might be the endless digital drudgery that dominates our workdays--too much time spent on menial, manual tasks better left to the robots in our midst. But with a little help from our favorite task-automation service, IFTTT, you can put mundane chores on autopilot and spend more time on the interesting stuff.
IFTTT stands for If This, Then That. It's a free service that lets you build simple, automated processes to handle various online situations. From performing automated Craigslist searches and sending you the relevant results to automatically emailing your colleagues when your plane lands in their area, IFTTT can make you instantly more productive with almost no effort on your part.
How IFTTT works
IFTTT does its thing by connecting to a whole bunch of cloud-based services, ranging from Dropbox and Google Drive to iOS Reminders, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. You can link your cloud accounts to your IFTTT account and then watch for events that can trigger actions.
The heart of IFTTT's automation strategy is the recipe--a fairly simple set of instructions that tells IFTTT to watch a channel (such as Gmail) for an event (like, say, a message containing a specific word in the subject line) and, when that condition is satisfied, to trigger a customized response (such as sending you a text message or formatting the contents of a qualifying email message into a document).
To create or use recipes, you must first activate channels for the cloud services you'd like to use. Currently, 76 channels are available, including Craigslist, Dropbox, Gmail, Facebook, and Twitter. There are generic channels, too, for sending email and SMS messages, triggering actions at specific times, or accepting triggers via voicemail. And there are mobile channels for tracking the location of your phone or interacting with iOS apps.
You can easily write your own recipes on IFTTT if you like, but you don't have to. The easiest way to get started is to piggyback on the work that others have done, by using shared recipes from the IFTTT community.
Note: At the moment, IFTTT is heavily skewed in favor of iOS users, and doesn't directly support Android devices for certain features. That said, many third-party channels, such as Pushover, have Android apps of their own.
Put these IFTTT recipes to work
Add a calendar event by voicemail
Channels used: Phone Call, Google Calendar
This simple recipe takes the contents of a voicemail message and drops them directly into Google Calendar. To use it, just dial the IFTTT number and say exactly the words you want put into Google Calendar, like this: "10am tomorrow, call Jane Smith." Voilà: Your event will appear on the calendar.
Send Gmail attachments to Dropbox
Channels used: Gmail, Dropbox
Tired of searching through Gmail for an email message that has an attachment you need? With this recipe, all your incoming attachments will be automatically sent to a Dropbox folder for easy retrieval. Not a Dropbox user? You can easily create your own version of this recipe to use Box or Google Drive instead.
Create to-do reminders via email
Channels used: Email, iOS Reminders
Sometimes the hardest part of remembering to do something is taking a moment to create the reminder. This recipe lets you create a to-do in your iOS Reminders app by sending an email tagged #todo to IFTTT's trigger address. If you wanted to, you could create an alternative version that uses Toodledo.
Track your time automatically
Channels used: iOS Location, Google Drive
IFTTT can get fairly sophisticated when dealing with location-based triggers. This recipe will automatically add an entry into a Google spreadsheet every time you arrive at or leave your office. It's a virtually effortless way to track your hours. To use it, you'll have to search for your office's location in the location menu, and then configure the names of the folder and timesheet that the recipe will create. You can customize the formatting of the entry, too.
Auto-share posts from your company's Facebook page
Channels used: Facebook Pages, Facebook
Keeping up with social media can be an unwelcome hassle when you're swamped with work, but it's an important task at many businesses. This handy recipe will watch for new posts on your company's page and automatically share them on your personal wall. You can personalize the link formatting and message to make the posts more appealing to your circle of friends.
Track mileage via text message
Channels used: SMS, Google Drive
I'm always forgetting to track my mileage and having to figure it out from memory at the end of the month. This recipe helps me track mileage on the fly, by sending a text message tagged #miles with the number of miles I want to add. The entries appear on separate lines of a Google spreadsheet, so they're easy to add up at the end of the month in just a few clicks.
Alert colleagues when your plane lands
Channels used: iOS Location, Gmail
If you're connecting with colleagues or clients on a business trip, it can be helpful to let them know when your plane gets in. This recipe waits for your phone to turn on at your destination and emails up to five people to let them know your plane has landed. (Just be sure to turn it off after the flight, or the same five people will get notifications every time you land at that airport in the future.)
Create shared meeting notes via email
Channels used: Email, Google Drive
Keeping notes about meetings is important, but they tend to get lost and ignored when you send them as email attachments. With this recipe, you can send the notes via email, and they'll be formatted automatically as documents in a Google Drive folder you can share with the group. It won't guarantee that anyone will read your notes, but at least it won't clutter up anyone's inbox.
Search for job candidates automatically
Channels used: Craigslist, Email
Even in this economy, finding the right candidates for some positions can be incredibly challenging. Fortunately, Craigslist remains a great source of talent. With this recipe, you can search for relevant résumé postings in your region, and they'll automatically appear in your email inbox. Be sure to customize your search terms as specifically as you can, to avoid being inundated with irrelevant submissions.
Automatically search for interesting job openings
Channels used: Craigslist, Email
Craigslist can be just as useful for finding new opportunities for yourself as for finding new talent for your business. This recipe turns the previous one on its head, searching Craigslist for interesting job listings and sending them your way. Again, you can customize the Craigslist search as you see fit, and you should be avoid excessively broad search terms.
There are enough great IFTTT recipes to fill a cookbook. PCWorld senior writer Brad Chacos found IFTTT recipes that you can use to automate your online life. Just browse IFTTT's site to find more--or create your own.
This story, "10 IFTTT recipes to make you more productive at work" was originally published by PCWorld.
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Can ONE dhcp server serve 2+ network ip range
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http://serverfault.com – I have only One dhcp server which has only one interface with ip address The dhcpd.conf are like: subnet netmask { ... } subnet netmask { host xxx { hardware ethernet AA:AA:AA:AA:AA; fixed-address; } } When the host xxx try to request a dhcp, the dhcp server shows error: DHCPDISCOVER from AA:AA:AA:AA:AA via eth0: network no free leases. Can I assign address within a dhcp server only have interface? How can I configure to make it work? (HowTos)
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How do I set the refresh rate above 60, with Catalyst?
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http://askubuntu.com – I'm using ATI's Catalyst drivers for my ATI Radeon Mobility (5000 series) GPU in my laptop (the ones found in jockey). As I've got my laptop plugged into my desktop monitor (BenQ 1680x1050), I want to be able to set the screen's refresh rate to it's native rate of 75hz. Unfortunately, Catalyst only lets me set the monitor at a maximum of 60hz with no other options. How can I fix this? Thanks! EDIT 1: I have added the appropriate refresh rate using this helpful guide here, however Catalyst won't permit me changing the refresh rate to it (when I select the refresh rate in Catalyst, I get a (HowTos)
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- Mandriva (
- - krdc (
paul62 10-04-2006 05:00 PM
I have two computers one is a mandriva 2006 and the other one is running windows xp. When I use krdc to do a remote desktop connection from the windos xp computer icon indide of devices in the mandriva 2006 I get the message "cannot connect to remote server". I would appreciate help with this.
bulliver 10-04-2006 05:35 PM
Sounds like a firewall or Xwindows forwarding permissions problem but this is just conjecture because I can barely understand your post and you have given hardly any details.
paul62 10-04-2006 06:33 PM
I'm sorry, I have two computers on a home network conected by a router and I am using dhcp for my configuration of tcp/ip. The router is a usrobotics 8004,connected to my dsl. I am running samba on the linux box, I would appreciate any more insight
bulliver 10-05-2006 12:37 AM
You are still not providing much info...
Are you sure samba is up and running?
Have you set up your shares?
Have you put your windows box in "hosts allow = " in smb.conf?
Have you set up authentication? Which type?
Have you run 'testparm' to ensure your config is valid?
Have you checked the logs for hints?
Is your firewall (if you have one) allowing access?
I do suggest you read the configuration docs and make sure your samba server is configured correctly for how you intend to use it:
paul62 10-05-2006 10:29 PM
This is the output of testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[pdf-gen]"
Processing section "[Unnamed]"
Loaded services file OK.
Warning: Service printers defines a print command, but print command parameter is ignored when using CUPS libraries.
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
workgroup = MSHOME
server string = Samba Server %v
map to guest = Bad User
guest account = paul
log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log
max log size = 50
server signing = auto
paranoid server security = No
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_SNDBUF=8192 SO_RCVBUF=8192
printcap cache time = 60
printcap name = cups
preferred master = No
domain master = No
dns proxy = No
ldap ssl = no
guest ok = Yes
comment = Home Directories
read only = No
hosts allow = pc2
case sensitive = No
msdfs proxy = no
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
create mask = 0700
printable = Yes
use client driver = Yes
browseable = No
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
write list = @adm, root
inherit permissions = Yes
comment = PDF Generator (only valid users)
path = /var/tmp
printable = Yes
printing = bsd
lpq command = /bin/true
lprm command = lprm -P'%p' %j
path = /root
hosts allow =,,
case sensitive = No
msdfs proxy = no
[root@mybox ~]#
Is there anyway to jsut turn off the password feature?
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lfnetwork.com mark read register faq members calendar
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You are here
American Mathematical Monthly -May 2005
Monthly, May 2005
Gauss's Lemma for Number Fields
by Arturo Magidin and David McKinnon,
Can every polynomial with integer coefficients be factored into linear terms, each with algebraic integer coefficients? And how is this related to Gauss’s lemma and to unique factorization? Unique factorization had long been taken for granted, until Gauss explicitly noted that it should be proved. It was the failure of unique factorization in some natural settings that led to the development of algebraic number theory and, through it, of ring theory as well. We will take an excursion through some of this history, name dropping mathematicians from Euclid through Gauss and Euler, to Kummer, Kronecker, and Dedekind. Along the way we will discover how wrong proofs of Fermat's Last Theorem led in part to these developments, why ideals are called ideals, and eventually two different ways of reaching the answer to our first question. We will even glimpse, far off in the distance, quadratic reciprocity and elliptic curves.
The Fundamental Group of the Circle is Trivial
by Florian Deloup
The title does not refer to an actual refutation of a basic theorem of algebraic topology but rather is an invitation to understand what "fundamental" means in three selected examples in topology at the undergraduate level. Is our intuition right about notions such as homotopy or isotopy? To find out, experimenting on a few unorthodox definitions helps.
The Convergence of Difference Boxes
by Antonio Behn, Christopher Kribs-Zaleta, and Vadim Ponomarenko,
We consider an elementary mathematical puzzle known as a "difference box" in terms of a discrete map from R4 to R4 or, canonically, from a subset of the first quadrant of R2 into itself. We identify the map’s unique canonical fixed point and answer more generally the question of how many iterations a given "difference box" takes to reach zero. (The number is finite except for boxes corresponding to the fixed point.)
Do Normal Subgroups Have Straight Tails?
by Paul E. Becker
In abstract algebra courses, students are encouraged to view groups and subgroups as objects. Such courses, however, may not answer the big questions: What do these objects look like? Do direct products and semidirect products look different? Do normal subgroups look normal? In this article, we show that matrix representations permit simple, meaningful answers to the preceding questions. Along the way, we prove an extension of Cayley’s theorem, define blocks and tails for the resulting representations, and investigate the title question: Do normal subgroups have straight tails?
Avoiding Eigenvalues in Computing Matrix Powers
by Raghib Abu-Saris and Wajdi Ahmad,
Exact Solutions for Minimax Optimization Problems
by Francesc Comellas and J. Luis A. Yebra,
A Simple Proof of the Gauss-Winckler Inequality
by F. G. Avkhadiev
Copositive Symmetric Cubic Forms
by Mowaffaq Hajja
Problems and Solutions
Abstract Algebra
By Ronald Solomon
Reviewed by Daniel J. Madden
Integers, Polynomials and Rings
By Ronald S. Irving
Reviewed by Daniel J. Madden
Introduction to the Mathematics of Medical Imaging
By Charles L. Epstein
Reviewed by John Sylvester
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Arisa 37
Page 4 -
Arisa Manga
Arisa 37 - Page 4
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Arisa 37 - Read Arisa Chapter 37
Arisa 37 released! You are now reading Arisa 37 online. If you are bored from Arisa manga, you can try surprise me link at top of page or select another manga like Arisa 37 from our huge manga list.
Arisa 37 released in manga panda fastest, recommend your friends to read Arisa 37 now!
Tags: read Arisa 37 english, Arisa 37 raw manga, Arisa 37 online, Arisa 37 chap, Arisa 37 chapter, Arisa 37 high quality, Arisa 37 manga scan
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Bibi 11
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Bibi Manga
Bibi 11 - Page 2
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Bibi 11 released! You are now reading Bibi 11 online. If you are bored from Bibi manga, you can try surprise me link at top of page or select another manga like Bibi 11 from our huge manga list.
Bibi 11 released in manga panda fastest, recommend your friends to read Bibi 11 now!
Tags: read Bibi 11 english, Bibi 11 raw manga, Bibi 11 online, Bibi 11 chap, Bibi 11 chapter, Bibi 11 high quality, Bibi 11 manga scan
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2638
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I've been pretty strict primal for nearly 2 years now. For the last few days I've been having bad nausea and stomach pain every time I eat.
I'm starting to think that maybe it's gallbladder related, but really not sure. Any ideas on HOW to eat if it is gallbladder? I have no idea how I'd get enough calories without the fat and protein I currently eat. B'fast right now is usually seasoned ground pork with veggies, lunch is some form of seafood with either a BAS or veggie soup with homemade bone broth and supper is some form of meat and veg. I use a lot of lard (from our local organic/free range farmer) for cooking.
Any other thoughts on what could be causing the nausea if it isn't gallbladder? Pains aren't severe, but are uncomfortable and annoying. I started off thinking it was a stomach virus, but hasn't gotten better or worse and it's been almost a week.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2642
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Thread: Insurance
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Old 12-06-2010, 01:31 PM #10
3rd Gear Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Ottawa
Posts: 370
Aren't those 2.7L engines? Lots of failures.
I hate working on those cars.
Check out the belairdirect site. You can get an online quote.
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Thread: Parts fit?
View Single Post
Old 12-26-2012, 06:15 PM #2 (permalink)
Paintball is my Obsession
pghp8ntballer's Avatar
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
The only internals difference is the striker/hammer. Every millennium body I have seen use the older fat strikers. Also the rear velocity adjuster plug takes the two side screws. In other words, not the quick strip pins. Unless they updated the millennium bodies somewhere along the lines.
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Emen William G.
New York, NY
Member since:
January 17, 2013
Why did you sign up for this Meetup?
Because I'm, like, the only creative person I know =D. I have a lot of great friends, but none of them are creatives. I can't have the kinds of conversations with them that I could have with, say...Christopher "God" Hitchens, ya? I want to have more intelligent, artful, philosophical, and political conversations---something I didn't care for back when it counted, like during my time at NYU (when I cared more about having sex with hot liberal chicks than studying---so sad how my love of books, writing, and learning came AFTER college).
What type of art are you passionate about?
Writing (narrative nonfiction and essays, usually), film, and music.
Proud Hybrid-Hipster Journalist & Future Important Person. I write essays on culture and books; I watch MSNBC, Real Time with Bill Maher, and footage of Sir Christopher Hitchens' debates and conversations; I read a lot, dream a lot, and eat a lot.
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Helayne s.
Oakton, VA
Member since:
October 11, 2012
No answer yet
What tools and technologies do you use?
No answer yet
What do you hope to get out of this group?
No answer yet
I'm working on a new Govt project that requires growing our HADOOP expertise and hoping to attend.
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Still room for a couple more presenters!
From: Alon K.
Sent on: Tuesday, August 7, 2012 1:45 PM
We still have a couple of slots available for the next Pitch to Developers meetup in Boulder on Tuesday, August 14. If you know anyone that would be interested in pitching, please have them email ([address removed]) or call [masked]) me.
Best Regards,
Alon Katz
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This is a monthly group that explores the use of Ruby, MERB, Ruby On Rails and other awesome ruby gems. If you are interested in either of these topics, come along to our meetings! We generally have 3 hours per event, occasionally a round table discussion about issues pertaining to Ruby/Rails/Merb/Web/Databases/Graphics development.
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Jody B.
Menlo Park, CA
Hometown: Menlo Park
Member since:
March 9, 2013
Your level: 1.0-2.5 (beginner), 3.0-3.5 (intermediate), 4.0-4.5 (advanced), (5.0+) open/challenger
advanced beginner
Do you prefer singles, doubles or any play
Times you're free to play
after work
Preferred location
menlo park or oakland areas
Play tennis off and on.
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Prabina P.
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April 22, 2014
My name is Pea. I am new to Birmingham and want to make new friends whilst doing the things I love.
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Mixed or average reviews - based on 41 Critics
Critic score distribution:
1. Positive: 7 out of 41
2. Negative: 2 out of 41
1. Superior to "Devil May Cry 2" and should be able to tide Devil May Cry fans over till the next sequel in the franchise.
2. By no means an essential purchase, Van Helsing is decidedly better than the average. If you’re into cool moves and lots of action, you’re going to enjoy this. We’d stake our reputations on it.
3. 77
What really makes Van Helsing stand out is that it’s frantic and destructive.
4. I don't usually embrace clones, but Van Helsing is a unique exception. It's got most of what you love about "Devil May Cry," give or take a few elements.
5. 75
6. Sure, it could have been a bit better, but if you're looking for a fun action game that doesn't require a ton of thought, you'll have a good time with this.
7. I had a fun time kicking Vampire, Wolf Man and Frankenstein booty all over Transylvania. The game is however bogged down by some camera angles and the game really would have benefitted if you could have been able to control the angles yourself.
8. 7 / 7 / 7 / 8 - 29 [Vol 822]
9. Van Helsing may be a simple, all-out action game, but then the film was a simple action flick. Van Helsing looks good, sounds good, and plays well. It just needs that extra bit of depth to push the score that little bit higher.
10. Surprisingly inoffensive and actually decent. If you don't have lofty expectations and just want some interactive B-movie thrills, this game certainly fits the bill.
11. I wouldn't say the game feels great, the controls are just a little bit on the sloppy side and the framerate, while steady, is not fast enough to give the game that "polished" look. The monsters are average looking.
12. Riveting duels, killer combination moves, and buckets of blood see the cinematic adaptation effectively mimic the flick that inspired it.
13. Nice locations, lots to unlock, nice moves, loads of variety, in fact GOOD solid design, although not overly inventive but enjoyable!
14. Manages to maintain a tongue-in-cheek cheese factor that makes the journey entertaining that shameless softcore kind of way. [July 2004, p.114]
15. After sitting down with the game for a while though, I can say that the game has much more in common with "Devil May Cry's" lackluster sequel.
16. The one aspect of the presentation that does warrant attention, however, is the camera, which true to third-person shooter form, manages to make the game far less enjoyable than it really should be. Where action is concerned, this isn't such a problem, but when solving puzzles the camera can prove a greater enemy than Dracula and all his undead minions combined.
17. Fans of the film will enjoy it but action game fans will probably ultimately find it to be just an average game.
18. The action is fast and basically satisfying, resulting in what's a simple but fairly good game all around.
19. With a clever plot and some impressive visuals the game could be appealing and addictive though tiresome at times. Unfortunately, if you have seen the film and you already know exactly how the plot unfolds and you have already seen those most surprising, awesome scenes, this game has little thrills.
20. It’s a shame the experience is over just about the time you are warmed up, and the fixed-position camera might work for movies but doesn’t translate well into gameplay, especially in a 3D world.
21. Van Helsing is never bad. Anyone who loved "Devil May Cry" will recognise the similarities and relish the flamboyant combat sequences. It's just that the true stars of the game are the monsters and the only fleeting glances you get of them are in the frenetic boss battles. [PSM2]
22. The graphics are good, but the slowdown hampers the gameplay too often. Besides that, everything is so repetitive that it makes the game a bit of a pain to play through after a short time.
23. Van Helsing may be short and sometimes repetitive, but it's still a fun ride. [July 2004, p.92]
24. 65
25. Decent graphics and gory (if kinda short) game play will keep most players nailed to the controller, but sometimes wretched camera placement sucks harder than the minions of Dracula at a Red Cross blood drive.
26. 60
The convoluted control scheme outlined in the manual leads you believe you can pull of coolly calculated combinations (isn't alliteration fun!), but the action quickly devolves into button-mashing confusion.
27. Despite the short length, the few hours you’ll find yourself playing the game, you will be quite enthralled.
28. It’s just too bad that the very games that Van Helsing attempts to mimic are better games, and it’s for this reason that Van Helsing’s license will have to carry it in the end.
29. The real problem is the mediocre gameplay. [Aug 2004, p.25]
User Score
Generally favorable reviews- based on 17 Ratings
User score distribution:
1. Positive: 9 out of 10
2. Negative: 0 out of 10
1. CarnegC.
Jun 11, 2006
This is a relly cool game but the camera angles are hard to get used to, but is a kick but game, and even some tims a littl scarey. but is an This is a relly cool game but the camera angles are hard to get used to, but is a kick but game, and even some tims a littl scarey. but is an awsome. If you lick shoot them up, chop them up vido games this is the game for you. Full Review »
2. JoshuaH.
Nov 2, 2005
Not God of War or Devil May Cry, but still a good, solid, fun experience. Had a hard time adjusting to the fixed camera. Should have been Not God of War or Devil May Cry, but still a good, solid, fun experience. Had a hard time adjusting to the fixed camera. Should have been able to move/control it. :-( Appreciate that it didn't take me 20-30 hours like all my other action/platformers do.(I don't have the time) And like Hulk, the game is way more enjoyable than the movie. Full Review »
3. AndrewC.
Jan 19, 2005
Exciting game and even a bit scary.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2702
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Generally favorable reviews - based on 59 Critics
Critic score distribution:
1. Positive: 55 out of 59
2. Negative: 0 out of 59
1. Magnificent on the Xbox 360, this could be a contender for game of the year.
2. The result is sweaty-palmed fun, teaming the adult joys of a well-paced thriller with the childish delight of playing hide-and-seek in the dark.
4. One of the major new additions to the series that really sets Double Agent apart from the rest is the branching storyline. Not only is the story eons better than the past games in both presentation and writing, but you actually get to change the course of what happens for better or worse.
5. The movement and animation are as smooth as ever with only a few hiccups on the framerate. Swimming, running, and sneaking around never felt so natural as you are going through all of the various missions. The computer AI on in this game is much sharper and makes it more challenging for all players.
6. 92
It's the branching gameplay that catapults Double Agent above its predecessors and marks the series as striding forward into a wealth of possibilities.
7. Even though you won't have the staggering number of gadgets and gear at your disposal, you'll likely still have a blast. Even those of us who were huge fans of the multiplayer action in Chaos Theory came around after a few games.
8. Involving missions, cutting edge graphics and an excellent narrative that, while not always living up to its potential, strives mightily to expand the storytelling and emotional connection while maintaining the right balance of fun and adventure.
9. The single-player experience is worth this game by itself but throw in the multi-player mode and you have yourself a candidate for game of the year.
10. The only thing that really irritated me while I played were the swimming controls – they just don’t feel right. Otherwise, this is an excellent game that you should, at the very least, rent and play through once.
11. Rupturing quality and oozing tension, this is stealth gaming of the highest calibre, full of imagination and augmented by an excellent two-way Trust system that leaves you pondering every choice you make and then having to deal with the consequences. [Nov 2006, p.8]
12. Just think of Double Agent as the least amazing Splinter Cell yet, rather than the worst game in the series - because it's simply not. It's the gutsiest, and the chances it takes (but doesn't quite nail) give the series room to evolve into something better than could've possibly imagined to iterations ago. [Dec 2006, p.70]
13. 90
All sorts of improvements have been made to level design, AI, gameplay mechanics (which are simplified yet still require skill), and a meaningful storyline punctuated with directed moments. While some may argue the point, the new Mercs Vs. Spies mode is good fun and should prove to have legs on Xbox Live.
14. I came for the single-player, which I liked rather than loved, and stayed for the multiplayer, which I used to like and now adore. I have a feeling many other fans will feel the same way.
16. By giving players a real incentive to be the stealthy super-spy, it's opening the game up to being what it should have been. And by wrapping it in a memorable narrative and giving Sam Fisher the ability to be evil, you actually start to care not only about your actions, but the characters in the game too.
17. 90
The game has always looked amazing, and now they’ve taken it up a notch by giving more detail to each character, especially Sam, and environments.
18. Although there aren’t many significant changes to the gameplay, the game still feels more exhilarating and more immersive because of the improved visuals, better storyline, lack of darkness, and the moral choices Sam if forced to make.
19. 90
There's just so much to the game that I feel this is probably only the second or third 360 game to ever really be worth the extra money: I mean, it's really two complete games on a single disc.
20. Double Agent's level design and scenarios will keep you on your toes while blowing your mind at the same time.
22. The game is very accessible to veterans and newbies alike, and it offers a great single and multiplayer experience.
23. The most unique Sam Fisher adventure since the original Splinter Cell game.
24. In every sense imaginable, Splinter Cell: Double Agent was meant to exploit the platform on which it was designed, and it excels to an extraordinary degree.
25. Double Agent is fun, exciting, intense, and definitely a showcase title for the visual elegance of the 360, but if you want a fully fleshed out story, extended levels, more dialogue, and an overall richer Splinter Cell experience, I’d have to recommend the original Xbox version over this.
27. The story is great, the double agent dynamic is unique and engaging, and the set-piece levels and accompanying ‘next-gen' graphics are second-to-none. But with all that said, Double Agent's drift from the stealthy core of Sam Fisher's past travails will no doubt displease many hardcore fans, and this is arguably the simplest and least challenging game in the series.
28. What we’ve seen here is a more-vulnerable Sam Fisher rather than the near-invincible super ninja of the previous games, which certainly gives Double Agent a distinctive feel.
29. Splinter Cell Double Agent is a solid game with an excellent multiplayer component. Fans of a gripping storyline which includes intense action and “stealthy stealth” will no doubt enjoy this game.
User Score
Generally favorable reviews- based on 133 Ratings
User score distribution:
1. Positive: 22 out of 30
2. Negative: 4 out of 30
1. Oct 29, 2012
More of a Splinter Cell 3.5 than a fully revamped 4, Double Agent could've been so much more. That said, and if viewed as if it was the firstMore of a Splinter Cell 3.5 than a fully revamped 4, Double Agent could've been so much more. That said, and if viewed as if it was the first game in the series, it's an enjoyable experience that is definitely worth picking up whether you're a fan of the series or a newcomer - and especially if found at a price well below retail. A fairly easy 1000 if looked at simply from an achievement point of view. Here's hoping Splinter Cell 5: Conviction provides a more worthy contender to the franchise. Full Review »
2. Aug 25, 2010
Disgustingly bad and obviously rushed. This game contains massive plot holes and about half of the missions are segments where you doDisgustingly bad and obviously rushed. This game contains massive plot holes and about half of the missions are segments where you do undercover espionage in the same level. The levels are timed so even if you complete the objectives you can be left sitting for 20 or so minutes waiting for the timer to run out. The night vision has some weird look to it that makes it difficult to see. My biggest issue is the expert mode. It's not too hard, but the guards seem to be able to track you in most levels no matter what you do, how dark it is, or how quiet you are. The multilayer is also a huge disappointment. There is no spy vs merc death match or coop. The spy vs merc works like a sort of capture the flag. It's pretty impossible to kill a merc since they have a motion tracker that beeps louder depending on how close a spy is. So all they have to do is turn around when they hear it beep its loudest and put a round through your face. If you want more splintercell pick up chaos theory or the original xbox version of double agent. This game gets a 2 because sam can now throat chop people and it makes me giggle. Full Review »
3. TyroneB.
Oct 24, 2006
In no other game can you run up behind a merc and have him scream (different things every time) just to use him as body armor. The game is In no other game can you run up behind a merc and have him scream (different things every time) just to use him as body armor. The game is revolutionary. Full Review »
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2703
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• Record Label:
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Closing In Image
Generally favorable reviews - based on 9 Critics What's this?
User Score
Generally favorable reviews- based on 5 Ratings
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• Summary: This debut LP from the guitar/drums duo of Mike Conte and Adam Bennati is defintely harder and heavier than your typical Matador release.
Score distribution:
1. Positive: 3 out of 9
2. Negative: 0 out of 9
1. The irony police already have an APB out on these dudes... but in reality, the old guard are just jealous because they didn't think of it first. [Dec 2005, p.206]
2. That they can create such a heavy sound with just two people is nothing short of genius.
3. Closing In is a classic guitar-driven heavy metal record. It's a throwback to early 80s thrash, the era before speed often became a substitute for creative ideas.
4. 60
Early Man pull off metal with a back-to-basics swagger--even if their relentless assault does get a bit samey by the end. [Nov 2005, p.111]
5. Closing In is numbingly derivative, not just because it wears its influences like a bat in its mouth, but because there's nothing even remotely memorable or engaging about it.
6. Closing In might be a fun listen, but considering the wealth of metal bands who continue to push the genre's boundaries further outward, it's odd that Matador would put so much attention on a band as blatantly retro as Early Man.
7. Closing In consists of amateurish approximations of the music the duo wishes it were playing.
See all 9 Critic Reviews
Score distribution:
1. Positive: 3 out of 4
2. Mixed: 0 out of 4
3. Negative: 1 out of 4
1. tt
Dec 15, 2005
thank god this happened
2. bobr
Dec 7, 2005
album of the year...hands down
3. BLKCLD31
Jan 13, 2006
So easy to just sit back and simply Rock. Yes it is nostalgic but its been a while since anyone has done something so basic and unpretentious.
4. SeanT
Dec 11, 2005
sounds like death from above 1979 mixing with metallica,slayer,and sabbath....and that's not a good thing at all.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2733
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MMORPG | Setting:Fantasy | Status:Final (rel 2010) | Pub:IGG
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Joined: 2/12/07
Posts: 76
Bring it on Cletus,you might walk over here but you''ll limp back.
OP 11/08/09 5:53:10 PM#1
I have a friend that plays Gods War and he would like to know how to get a pet. He has tried and tried but just hasn't been able to figure it out. He would be thrilled to know how to do this. Could anyone explain how to do this? I know he will appreciate your expertise on this matter.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2754
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Putin Leads Endangered Cranes in Hang Glider
| Fri Sep. 7, 2012 8:26 PM EDT
This story first appeared on the Guardian website.
In the end he didn't have to wear a beak. But Vladimir Putin did don white overalls and big black goggles as he took to the skies over northern Siberia in a motorized hang glider to help endangered cranes begin their migration to wintering grounds in Iran and India.
Unfortunately, no one had told the young birds, who only formed up behind Russia's stunt-loving head of state on his second time in the air. On his first flight Putin was accompanied by only one of the Siberian white cranes.
Putin blamed strong winds for the initial failure of the birds to fly with him. But he described the cranes as "pretty lads" when journalists asked what he thought of them after landing.
The motorized hang glider—in which he was accompanied by the seasoned pilot Igor Nikitin—proved a handful. Putin said it was harder to control than a jet fighter.
Shortly after the news of Putin's successful flight was reported by state media, the Kremlin-controlled English language television channel Russia Today broadcast the president's first interview since winning his third term in March.
Asked about the rock band Pussy Riot, Putin declined to comment on the severity of the two-year sentence handed down to Maria Alyokhina, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, and Yekaterina Samutsevich for their "punk prayer" protest in Moscow's main cathedral, but chose to focus on the "moral" aspect of the case.
In particular, he reminded viewers of the orgy performed by members of the radical art group Voina in Moscow's Biological Museum in 2008 to protest against the election of Dmitry Medvedev, who replaced Putin in the Kremlin for four years, in which Tolokonnikova took part.
"Group sex is better than one-on-one because, as in any sort of collective work, you can shirk off," Putin said.
Photo Illustration: Putin: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office/Wikimedia; Left Crane:OpenCage/Wikipedia ; Right Crane: Nancy Bauer /Shutterstock; Man Flying: Dmitriy Shironosov/Shutterstock
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2764
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Skip to main content
The Way We Get By
Not Yet Rated| 1 hr. 24 min.
Plot Summary
This documentary chronicles a group of tireless senior citizens who devote their time to comforting U.S. troops returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. At an airport in Bangor, Maine, the retirees turn out every time an airplane carrying an American soldier arrives, providing the young men and women with meals, cell phones to call home and rounds of applause. The film also explores the home lives of the seniors, who are confronted with familial and health-related concerns of their own.
Director: Aron Gaudet
Genres: Documentary
Distributor: International Film Circuit [us]
The Way We Get By (2009)
Release Date: July 17th, 2009|1 hr. 24 min.
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critic reviews ( 3 )
fan reviews ( 3 )
• Becomes a bracing portrait of three fascinating individuals who use this work as a means to keep living. show more
• Not so much a slice of life as the whole pie, the highs and lows of twilight living, all found and filmed in a terminal at an airport in Maine. What a country. show more
• Watching them issue hugs produces an involuntary response. You want to hug them, too. show more
See all critic reviews on
• October 30, 2009 RDever8708
Report This User
This film shows how much America has grown up since I was in Vietnam. You can be against the war and love the men and women who serve. This is an inspiration to future generations on how to treat those who choose to serve.
• August 31, 2009 vikefan
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This beautiful film serves as an example of why the World War II generation is one of the greatest generations that ever was...and is.
• July 17, 2009 Mediatra
Report This User
There is even NO close second to this film. WOW
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2768
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Page 2 of 2 FirstFirst 12
Results 11 to 14 of 14
Thread: i have a laptop with a dead battery can i run it from the battery
1. #11
Newbie didiet78's Avatar
Join Date
May 2006
Bandung, Indonesia
Built dc-dc powersuply( boost converter), i've seen it in elektor magz, 12V (8-16V) to 19V 5A max (depend on heatsink) 10pk. Use lm3842
- Will work for Bandwith -
2. #12
Join Date
Jan 2006
thanks but wow, i sold this forever ago, maybe this thread will help someone else
3. #13
FLAC Jahntassa's Avatar
Join Date
May 2005
Conyers, GA
Quote Originally Posted by RawsonDR
Hibernate uses a lot less power than standy, for the reason you mentioned (powering memory). But it is still entirely possible that the computer provides +5vsb power during hibernate - this power is usually supplied even when the computer is off.
I've never seen a Laptop put out voltage on the USB ports when Off / Hibernated. Desktops, sure.
4. #14
FLAC FC3S's Avatar
Join Date
Jul 2006
Seoul, Korea
my laptop does NOT put out power when in hibernate, or standby for that matter
usb is completely shut off, which is the way i like it :T
hmm, my desktop shuts all power to the usb as well, but for some mobo's that might be an option i suppose, to keep the usb's running, i wouldnt know, dont have any mobos with any options like that, lol
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2780
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Have started reading the bible again from the beginning
(113 Posts)
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 13:41:38
anyone want to try to help with some of my questions?
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 13:49:53
OK so in anticipation of someone offering.
The God in the old testament is the same God as the the God in the New testament - right??
SO, did he change his mind about stuff by the time he sent Jesus? he is so prescriptive in Exodus with Moses about all the should and musts and mustn'ts.
Also, in the Good News bible version that I am reading, God takes credit for making the Egyptians stubborn so that he can punish them. That doesn't seem like the firm but fair God we see in the New Testament.
CoteDAzur Wed 02-Jan-13 13:52:55
Oh dear. Are you trying to reconcile logic and rational mind with... religion?
No doubt someone will come along and say "Don't worry, be happy" "It's all about faith and heart, not criticism and head" pretty soon. Hang in there until then. smile
CoteDAzur Wed 02-Jan-13 13:54:45
Have you come to "Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" bit? How do you think that got changed to "Turn the other cheek"?
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:07:28
Cote, I am a Christian, I believe Jesus was the son of God.
I am now just trying to reconcile the two very different area's of the Bible.
and yes the eye for an eye and turn the other cheek are things that I am struggling with.
surely there is something to satiate my curiosity?
LylaLils Wed 02-Jan-13 14:21:23
It's all bollocks
JakeBullet Wed 02-Jan-13 14:25:53
Er....the OP didn't ask for your comments about her beliefs did she?blushhmm
Or do you only log onto this section to make a snarky comment and feel superior?
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:25:55
thanks for that helpful insight LylaLils
LylaLils Wed 02-Jan-13 14:27:17
Haha...sorry I couldn't resist. blush
JakeBullet Wed 02-Jan-13 14:28:27
Don't engage with them....for some reason they have a bee in their bonnet buzzing too loudly. I always wonder about people that HAVE to comment like this.
LylaLils Wed 02-Jan-13 14:31:26
A moment of madness on my part there...sorry. I'm an idiot.
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:31:47
Thanks for your support, have been around for far too long to get upset by the opinion of others. smile everyone is entitled.
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:32:36
LylaLils, not upset or offended, at all. Happy New Year to you
JakeBullet Wed 02-Jan-13 14:37:13
I am not the right person to answer your questions because I do t know enough about the Bible. However, I always keep in mind that the Bible was written by Man with all his issues and faults. Therefore man created Genesis and that the world was constructed in seven days even though scientifically we know this is impossible. Much more interesting is that evolution over millennia mirrors some of the Genesis story with oceans and creatures coming out of the ocean and man being last etc.
Therefore where I see discrepancies I see man smile.
And I see Jesus as the sacrifice for sin, hence man could stop sacrificing lambs etc (bizarre) to God.
FWIW I think the Ten Commandments are generally pertinent today mostly. Though shalt not kill etc....
tabulahrasa Wed 02-Jan-13 14:37:24
I'm an atheist or an agnostic I suppose really but I've studied the bible...
I see the two testaments as responding to different social problems, the OT is dealing with how to set up a society and the NT is what to do with that society once it's established and evolved - I don't see that that is incompatible with God.
LylaLils Wed 02-Jan-13 14:38:50
Turning the other cheek, good for you, I'm going to crawl back under my stone now. Genuinely sorry for my childish knee jerk retaliation. I clearly have issues with religion. Happy new year and hope you find the answers you're looking for.
hiddenhome Wed 02-Jan-13 14:40:45
I'm a Christian, but I hate most of the OT. I think it was written by self serving men who were more concerned about tribalism and rewriting history than anything else. I believe that God is in there somewhere, but have difficulty deAling with all the violence, wars, hatred and vengeance.
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:45:45
not really turning the other cheek, just remembered a phrase my friend told me just before christmas.... you don't have to attend every argument you are invited to... I liked it alot. smile
Tabulahrasa.. interesting.. so God's ideas / ideals have evolved?
BoulevardOfBrokenSleep Wed 02-Jan-13 14:46:40
I'm sorry, I'm probably not going to be very helpful either...
I find the God of the Old Testament... well, he's not really someone you'd want to worship, is he? There's things in there completely incompatible with any sense of morality - your example of the Egyptians for one; the numerous war crimes (Deuteronomy 20: 10-17 and the like), all the slavery
The 'official' answer about the Moses schedule of sacrifices and the like , is that Jesus was the ultimate sacrifice and no more is required to atone for sin.
Although that fails to remove all the stuff about staying in your tent when you have your period and banishing people with skin diseases and such.
It is partly covered in Peter's vision in Acts 10 ("Do not call anything impure that God has made clean"), I suppose.
Although a cynic might say that was a very fortuitous vision which made the fledging religion of Chrisitianity a lot more attractive to potential converts...!
tabulahrasa Wed 02-Jan-13 14:51:58
Not so much changed as - doing what needs to be done at the time.
I don't think that's incompatible with belief? He does make a new covenant after all, so it is acknowledged that it is different.
NeverKnowinglyUnderstood Wed 02-Jan-13 14:52:31
Interesting Boulevard.... I am going to carry on reading it all again anyway, but perhaps my understanding will develop as I read it all.
WitchOfEndor Wed 02-Jan-13 15:00:10
I can't help you, I've read the Bible recently and the messages in the Old and New Testaments seem to be totally unrelated. It's strange that more people don't spot it.
KayHarker Wed 02-Jan-13 15:02:37
The way I look at it now, having come from a very fundamentalist viewpoint, is that the bible is a book that contains wisdom about what and who God is, but it's filtered through a lot of man's weaknesses. So the old testament is filtered through the viewpoint of a very fallible nation who made God in their own image a lot of the time - thus God making the Egyptians stubborn just so He can punish them. The new testament is just as flawed for different reasons. But there's a lot in there that is beautiful and helpful, you just have to use the brain and mind that God gave you to refilter out the nonsense.
BoulevardOfBrokenSleep Wed 02-Jan-13 15:09:31
Yes, but, your basic God qualities are; outside time, unchanging, perfect, all-knowing, all-poweful etc.
It's a bit odd to try and conceive of God suddenly smacking his forehead and going Doh! I've been getting this all wrong.
I tell you what, OP, I'm sure DH will be able to recommend a book - undoubtedly written by some wooly liberal CofE vicar grin - on this theological issue, but will have to ask him later as I am dying on the sofa with some virus the kids gave me, and can't go upstairs to the books.
And what KayHarker says: for the whole bible to hang together in any way, you have to come at it from a very non-literal position
CoteDAzur Wed 02-Jan-13 15:47:41
Basically, what you are saying is that the Bible doesn't make sense so you need to suspend your disbelief smile
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2781
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DD's spellings- I think I'm going to sob
(43 Posts)
bubblesinthesky Thu 11-Apr-13 19:23:41
I've just dug out DD's holiday spellings. i know I should have looked earlier but she's not going back until next Wednesday.
They include handkerchief, dictionary, beautiful, accident, encyclopedia, character and intelligent. There are 30 all together. Some of them are easier thankfully but lots are not.
She's 7 (year 2) and HATES spelling. We're in for some fun aren't we? Oh dear. Is it possible she's picked up the wrong list by accident or is that just wishful thinking on my part?
Any hints on how I can help her with these will be gratefully appreciated (and I think appreciate is on the list too)
SwishSwoshSwoosh Thu 11-Apr-13 19:36:43
I never made mine learn spellings this way. Maybe you could just burn the list? <helpful>
30 at once is ridiculous. Not to mention utterly tedious!
mrz Thu 11-Apr-13 19:39:01
They seem pretty pointless spellings get her to break them down into syllables then think of the sounds in each syllable she can then identify which bits she finds difficult - probably the <ie> /ee/ sound in chief the <ti> /sh/ sound in dictionary <ea> /ee/ sound in beautiful <c> representing the /s/ sound in accident <ch> the /k/ sound in character
encyclopaedia has <c> /s/ sound <y> /ie/ sound and <ae> /ee/ sound
amidaiwish Thu 11-Apr-13 19:42:00
Well firstly I'd give her a test, see which ones she knows. Cross them off.
Then pick the next 10 which she has nearly right and work on those. wThen the next 5, if you get to them.....
SwishSwoshSwoosh Thu 11-Apr-13 19:43:22
Seriously, I wouldn't bother. Just write to the teacher you were too busy having a HOLIDAY.
For some reason, your dd's spellings have made me quite angry.
Still18atheart Thu 11-Apr-13 19:46:46
For goodness sake i'm 21 and don't know how to spell half those words let alone a 7 year old
I would write a note to teacher and give them a good ignoring
Grammaticus Thu 11-Apr-13 19:48:19
I would get them learnt how amaidawish suggested. She needs to learn to spell, after all.
amidaiwish Thu 11-Apr-13 19:48:30
But how will your dd feel going back to a test she hasn't prepared for. It would stress my yr2 DD out a lot.
Just take it easy and see if she can learn a few over the next week. No need to get all stressed out about it.
dingit Thu 11-Apr-13 19:50:00
What used to wind me up is they gave them spellings, but not what the words meant, so how were they supposed to use them?
Dylanlovesbaez Thu 11-Apr-13 19:50:28
Year 2?! Some of those spellings are ridiculous. It's the holidays, don't do them. I wouldn't make my class take home spellings over the holidays.
I've all of this to look forward to, haven't I?
Reception DS gets 5 or so a week, including, last week, "their". He had "there" the week before, so was obviously confused. I asked his teacher for what sort of explanation I should give at this stage, and she said "none, don't bring it up at all" hmmI told him the ways in which each is used, and he writes them correctly, but I'm still not sure what I was "really" meant to do.
SwishSwoshSwoosh Thu 11-Apr-13 19:54:12
Undoubtedly she needs to learn to spell, but 'learning' these words like this won't achieve that. Better to play a few games of scrabble or do some crosswords or read a book.
freetrait Thu 11-Apr-13 20:07:17
accident and intelligent I would go for and don't worry about the rest grin.
mrz Thu 11-Apr-13 20:27:28
in -tell - i -gent is pretty straightforward
freetrait Thu 11-Apr-13 20:37:05
So, if you do want to do them. 30 over 5 days, 6 a day. I would ask her to have a go at the word, then if it was wrong I would say it and write it out for her, breaking it up into the sounds as you go as mrz says.
in-tell-i - gent
ac-ci (c makes s sound)-dent
cha (silent h)-rac-ter
ch-ie (ee)-f
beautiful has a good way of remembering it "Mr b, mr e, mr a-u-t, mr i, mr f-u-l" (said in rhythm) -or there is another rhyme/saying that my son's teacher taught him but he's gone to bed (sorry!)
handkerchief is ok - hand-ker-chief (as before)
you get the idea smile.
haveapear Thu 11-Apr-13 20:54:34
Wow that's a lot to learn, poor thing. Dd year 3 hates spelling too but has just moved up a group when I discovered the app squeebles as recommended here. She only ever gets 8 at a time though.
everlong Thu 11-Apr-13 20:56:49
Is this for a test? 30 seems a hell of a lot.
I would just concentrate on batches of 10. I get ds to write his out and say the letter as he writes it. Then periodically I will ask him to say his spelling out loud. It works for him.
Periwinkle007 Thu 11-Apr-13 21:01:44
I wonder if she has had 3 weeks holiday if they have given her 10 a week. I would get her to try them all but if they are too hard then get her to look them up in a dictionary with you and write them into sentences, at least then she has practiced using them.
simpson Thu 11-Apr-13 23:01:34
DD (reception) gets quite tough spellings ie frightened, lightening, kite, petrified, horrified etc but they all have a common sound and she copes fine with them.
However DS (yr3) who is pretty good at spelling would struggle with the spellings you have mentioned.
Would definately agree with seeing which ones she knows already then maybe take a certain amount each day...
Bessiebuss Fri 12-Apr-13 07:19:54
Some children find learning spellings so very difficult and are put off school. What is sad about this kind of rote learning is that it is not very effective. I agree with all those helpful comments about breaking up words into syllables.
Can you make it fun? Yes! Children love coloured pens and sticky note lets. I get children to write each syllable on a note let. Eg. For handkerchief I would stick 3 note lets on the desk and then ask a child to write 'hand' on the first note let, 'ker' on the second one and 'chief' on the third one. I ask the child to say the syllables as he writes them. We then stick them on the fridge! Choosing colour of pens and shape/colour of note lets adds a little fun!
RosemaryandThyme Fri 12-Apr-13 09:42:46
e-mail the school and ask what day and time the test is.
then take her to the dentist at this time.
SwishSwoshSwoosh Fri 12-Apr-13 10:08:33
Rosemary grin
pointythings Fri 12-Apr-13 17:47:03
I'm a non-believer in spelling tests and don't make my children learn spellings - the only thing that matters is whether they can use the words correctly (in terms of spelling and of meaning) in their own writing, and spelling drill does not help that. Reading does.
Gales Fri 12-Apr-13 17:54:36
DS2 gets 10/10 every week in spelling tests, with TBH very little practice at home.
His spelling in his written work is atrocious, doesn't even get really simple words right e.g. littel (yr5)
I really don't think spelling tests are helpful, but as I wouldn't want her to do really badly, in your position I would pick some of the ones she has a realistic chance of getting and practice those.
Sparklymommy Sat 13-Apr-13 08:06:59
Gales: my Dd is the same! 10/10 without barely looking at them at home but the spelling in her written work- horrendous at times! Does make you wonder what the point is sometimes!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2804
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Watch out for 'food swings' when hunger, anger collide
You know how sometimes everyone is terrible and everything is the worst and nothing ever, ever, goes your way?
Chill out. You’re probably just hungry. Or, rather, hangry.
“Hanger” -- that’s with the hard /g/ sound -- or "food swings" are silly terms used to describe the treacherous intersection where hunger and anger collide. Ever stagger through a terrible morning, only to find yourself in much better spirits after lunch? Then you, my friend, have been hangry.
The cause of your “mad”-ness? Low blood sugar.
Marjorie Nolan is a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. She explains that “hanger” isn’t just a ploy by crabby people to excuse their moods (and snag some snacks); it has a scientific explanation.
“When [blood sugar] is low,” says Nolan, “the hypothalamus is triggered and levels of several hormones such as growth hormone, leptin and ghrelin are affected. This imbalance then causes a shift in neurotransmitters and suppresses serotonin receptors.”
Serotonin is a hormone that helps regulate mood and appetite. Cut off your body’s ability to process it, and prepare for some mood swings. Anger and extreme frustration, Nolan says, are common responses.
This is not to say everyone who skips lunch will turn into The Hulk before dinner. Blood sugar has to drop pretty low (from a normal range of 70 to 100 milligrams per deciliter to a level below 55 mg/dL) before hanger-causing moderate hypoglycemia sets in. That takes several hours of not eating.
And, says Nolan, there are other factors that may make some people more susceptible to “hanger” than others.
“For individuals more prone to having low [blood sugar], symptoms tend to be more severe,” she explains. “‘Anger’ as a result of hunger is in part, personality based. If you are someone who is more prone to feeling frustrated or ‘moody’ to other life situations you are more likely to have this reaction when hungry.”
Outside stressors --like work or family issues-- can worsen the problem.
“If you are already feeling on edge,” she adds, “chances are extreme hunger is going to personify this.”
In order to keep your blood sugar stable and ward off hanger, Nolan suggests eating a combination of protein and complex carbs every 3 hours. (Cheese and wheat crackers or hummus on pita will get the job done.)
And remember, next time you feel inexplicably angry, treat yourself to a snack before blowing up. Your brain and your coworkers might thank you.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2815
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The Flight From Conversation
There is no texting on my family phone service. Not only do I want to avoid paying for it, I also want to encourage my children to talk with people, instead of talking at them, as so many of their friends prefer to do. The new methods of communication we use free us up from the annoyance of having to look at, pay attention to, or listen to other people. Sherry Turkle at the New York Times has also noticed this.
Many young people see the lack of face-to-face conversation as a benefit to the new communication, but as they mature they may realize that as they dispense with listening, their network connections ("friends") are not listening to them, either. Link -via Breakfast Links
(Image credit: Peter DaSilva for The New York Times)
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What rubbish! Have they not noticed people still go out all the time and talk on the phone just as much. Texting and social networking are in addition to all these things, not instead of.
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I'm not saying this is a good thing, but we have to come to grips with the fact that technology is fundamentally changing humanity and there is not much we can do to stop it. Look at how much has changed in just 20 years...imagine life in a thousand. The last two thousand years saw change at a much more manageable pace. Now, we don't have much of a choice but to sit back and "enjoy" the ride.
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Sounds like an article written by an old person who doesn't like today's technology. I bet that article was written on a typewriter and sent to the paper via USPS.
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'Kung Fu Panda' packs harmless wallop
Giant panda Po, voiced by Jack Black, and Master Shifu, voiced by Dustin Hoffman, in "Kung Fu Panda."
Kung Fu Panda. (PG) Paramount/DreamWorks (91 min.) Directed by Mark Osborne, John Stevenson. With the voices of Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Jackie Chan. Opens Friday at theaters in New Jersey. THREE STARS
The title sounds a little like one of those migraine-inducing manga imports that exist solely to sell trading cards, and the cast of voices is an ensemble straight out of an opium dream. But don't worry, parents, "Kung Fu Panda" is a relatively harmless bit of animated fun.
Just don't blame me if your kids leave it shouting "Hiii-yaaah!" and aiming kicks at each other.
The production comes from DreamWorks' animation division, which has always had an interest in ethnic stories -- and a spotty record. "The Prince of Egypt" and its tale of the ancient Hebrews was fine, but the Hispanic "The Road to El Dorado" was a snooze, and "Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas" a Middle Eastern disaster.
Given the prospect of yet another cultural outreach program -- well, I'd rather rewatch "Shrek."
"Kung Fu Panda" though, manages to avoid both PC panda-ring and ethnic offense. True, most of the main characters have blue or green eyes, and are voiced by Caucasians -- but then, the cast is a regular zoo of tigers, snakes and monkeys. (In the best joke -- mostly because it has no punchline -- our dense ursine hero never asks why his father is, literally, a silly goose.)
The plot is straight from a Run Run Shaw kung-fu actioner, in which a rogue kung-fu warrior is on the march against his former school, and an awkward new student must be rapidly trained to face him. The theme, meanwhile, is by-the-book modern kids stuff -- believe in yourself, everyone is special, you can do it. (Cartoons long ago replaced old-time moral lessons with the pop-psych language of validation, empowerment and self-esteem.)
Luckily, the action quotient is high -- far higher than usual, actually, for a PG cartoon -- with warriors twisting each other into knots and never, thank heavens, pausing to sing a power ballad. And the humor is fairly constant, although much of it is pretty simple stuff, nonverbal gags based on the panda's ponderous waistline and fairly incessant hunger.
Still, Jack Black -- the hardest working man in shtick business -- gives our hero an eager-to-please amiability, charming even without the use of his hyperbolic eyebrows. Dustin Hoffman, meanwhile -- in what must be the oddest role in a very long career -- sputters and fumes as an elderly kung-fu master.
The movie falters a bit with its big-star supporting roles, only because there's no need for them. It's not her voice that makes Angelina Jolie distinctive, so it's unclear why she was given the part of one of the panda's classmates. And what's the point in casting Jackie Chan -- who does have a distinctive voice -- if you're going to give his character so little to say?
Small ones aren't likely to complain, though. They'll be too busy thrilling to villain Ian McShane's escape from a multi-storied prison, or a duel along a shaky wooden footbridge. Or laughing at our hero's attempts to catapult himself over a high palace wall, or free that last dumpling from the chopsticked clutches of his cranky master. And, if you give yourself half a chance, you probably will be, too.
Rating note: The film contains cartoon violence.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/2866
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Limited rights only for Muslim ememies
To the Editor:
After reading Joan Wadsworth’s Aug. 29 letter, “Absurd logic from mosque critics,” it should be apparent to most people that internal warfare is taking place in our country.
This war is between people who believe in the Judeo-Christian God and religions on one side, and on the other side, the Muslims, atheists, humanists, communists, abortionists, rock bands, homosexuals and the American Civil Liberties Union.
My belief is that all of these groups are out to destroy Christianity, in part by taking over the public school system. A Christian child can’t even fold his or her hands and have a silent prayer before eating in the school lunch room.
At Christmas time, many schools do not allow the singing of carols or the display of Nativity scenes and Christmas trees is not allowed. At Hanukkah, no Jewish symbols are allowed. If this isn’t persecution of religion, then what is?
I don’t think we should allow Muslims to build a mosque only two blocks away from Ground Zero. We are at war in two Muslim countries — Afghanistan and Iraq. During wartime, you don’t give your enemies the same consideration and rights that you would give them in peacetime.
Muslim terrorists have plans to blow up the Empire State Building and other large buildings in New York City. They have already blown up two large buildings in New York City, killing 3,000 people.
We must be vigilant. God save America!
L. Kramer
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