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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41857 | The troll and the coward
Somebody called me a coward yesterday.It was a guy who had become a Facebook friend of mine. We'll just call him "M." I didn't know him, but we had a few mutual friends and so when M. requested that we be friends, I accepted.We didn't have any interaction until yesterday, when I posted the following status update on my Facebook page: Matthew 25:31-46: the Christian mandate for social justice. I'll freely admit: this was a response to Glenn Beck's telling his listeners that they should avoid … [Read more...] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41861 | The three stages of error
Charles Porterfield Krauth was an American Lutheran theologian of the 19th century. His book The Conservative Reformation is a classic of theology and church history. You may perhaps have heard what he said about the three stages of error–from the request for toleration to a demand for equality to the imposition of superiority over truth–but thanks to Pastor Mark Schroeder for posting the actual quotation:
“When error is admitted into the Church, it will be found that the stages of its progress are always three. It begins by asking toleration. Its friends say to the majority: You need not be afraid of us; we are few, and weak; only let us alone; we shall not disturb the faith of the others. The Church has her standards of doctrine; of course we shall never interfere with them; we only ask for ourselves to be spared interference with our private opinions. Indulged in this for a time, error goes on to assert equal rights. Truth and error are two balancing forces. The Church shall do nothing which looks like deciding between them; that would be partiality. It is bigotry to assert any superior right for the truth. We are to agree to differ, and any favoring of the truth, because it is truth, is partisanship. What the friends of truth and error hold in common is fundamental. Anything on which they differ is ipso facto non-essential. Anybody who makes account of such a thing is a disturber of the peace of the church. Truth and error are two co-ordinate powers, and the great secret of church-statesmanship is to preserve the balance between them. From this point error soon goes on to its natural end, which is to assert supremacy. Truth started with tolerating; it comes to be merely tolerated, and then only for a time. Error claims a preference for its judgments on all disputed points. It puts men into positions, not as at first in spite of their departure from the Church’s faith, but in consequence of it. Their recommendation is that they repudiate the faith, and position is given them to teach others to repudiate it, and to make them skillful in combating it.”
via Steadfast Lutherans » Charles Porterfield Krauth’s Three Steps to Doctrinal and Ecclesial “Nihilism”.
Can you think of some examples of this?
How Christianity humanized children
Asserting vs. Explaining
So should we baptize machines?
Whatever happened to Vacation Bible Schools?
About Gene Veith
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41871 | Day 64 of 90: Modo Yoga, You Are Right Here
Day 64 of 90 straight days of hot yoga at Modo Yoga and what a perfect class for me to take. A flow class with teacher Joe and 64 other yogi’s. My day had already revealed some surprises to me, and so hearing Joe start class with, “You are where you are right now, you [Read More...] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41902 | IDrive (for iPhone)
Devices When you go to access or restore files, you first choose which of your IDrive backed-up devices it came from.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41906 | First Person Shooter PC Perspective en Brink Video Series Helps Players Get SMART Before Release <p>Brink is a new first person shooter developed by Splash Damage, and powered by a revamped id Tech 4 engine with a strong multi player focus. It is set to release on May 10, 2011 for the PC as well as the Xbox 360 and Sony PlayStation 3.</p> <p>A web video series dubbed "Get SMART," is running up to the game's release date to both get gamers excited about the game and show them how to navigate the environment of The Ark and give them that extra bit of edge in the first days of battle. The full series can be found on the game's website <a target="_blank" href="">here</a>, and shows off everything from HUD design to story and plot mechanics. The following video; however, details a new movement system that the developers hope will cause players to rethink the way they play a first person shooter.</p> <p class="rtecenter"><iframe src=";locale=en-ca" width="540" height="304" frameborder="0"></iframe></p> <p>In an age where multi player shooters are flooding the market, Brink may appear to be "just another multi player shooter;" however, with Brink, the developers are attempting to differentiate themselves by implementing a new movement system and making combat even more customizable with deploy-able items, character buffs, wall hopping of all things and 4 different character classes.</p> <p>With what they dub the "SMART" (Smooth Movement Across Random Terrain) system, you are able to point your reticle at an area and by using the sprint key, have your character move there wether that be by vaulting, sliding, or wall hopping. The added dimensions for movement should help encourage new play styles to the traditional team multi player FPS gameplay. For example, characters are no longer stopped dead in their tracks by a waist high wall, or are not able to flank their enemies due to a hole in a bombed out fence being too low to the ground. </p> <p>After watching the movement system demonstration, do you think SMART will shake up the multi player genre or is it just a gimmick?</p> <p><a href="" target="_blank">read more</a></p> General Tech First Person Shooter gaming PC Wed, 04 May 2011 12:52:43 +0000 Tim Verry 51228 at |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41933 | Beefy Boxes and Bandwidth Generously Provided by pair Networks
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Re: Perl fork childs with variables
by rjt (Deacon)
on Mar 07, 2013 at 01:02 UTC ( #1022127=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to Perl fork childs with variables
Hello Stefan!
The thing with a fork()'d model is that the operating system is creating two additional and separate processes. While they initially have (nearly) the same state as the parent, they are in fact separate, and any changes to memory (i.e., variables) in one will have no effect on the other processes, just as you would expect with any other distinct process.
All is not lost: you will need to use some form of inter-process communication (IPC) to allow your processes to communicate their results to the parent. If you are in a POSIX environment (likely, if you are using fork()), you might have a look at IPC::SysV and IPC::Msg for a start, and do some searching on for other IPC modules best suited to what you need to do.
Finally, is there a special reason you actually need a fork()'d model in the first place? Can you use threads instead? Perl's threads implementation makes shared variables and semaphores between threads very easy.
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Re: Some code
by stephen (Priest)
on Apr 24, 2002 at 21:15 UTC ( #161795=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to Some code
in thread use strict seems to hose my code
First, what you have there is one of the oldest bits of hand-recopied Perl code on the Internet. It's from the original by a nice fella named Steve Brenner. You should use CGI. See use CGI or die; for why.
Next, %ENV is a global variable. Putting it in a my declaration will wipe it clean. Thus there will be no $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}, no $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'}, thus no $buffer, and thus no output. There's no need to try to localize %ENV; strict knows it's a global and won't yammer.
Update: Never mind %ENV, $buffer is empty. Use CGI instead. :)
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Why are you reimplementing Catalyst/Jifty/Rails and then building an app ontop of your new stack? That sounds like a waste of time. Build your app ontop of an existing stack or have a good reason to make your own.
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In reply to Re: Developing a Perl Bulleting Board, part 2 by diotalevi
in thread Developing a Perl Bulleting Board, part 2 by stonecolddevin
and: <code> code here </code>
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by Ninthwave (Chaplain)
on Nov 23, 2003 at 17:07 UTC ( #309308=perlquestion: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
Ninthwave has asked for the wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:
I have some code that I wrote that I don't really see going very far. But as it is in use and will be maintained for a bit, how should one credit code that was suggested by perlmonks. I always try to credit the source of any code I use be it from a book or the web. And even though the code changes or is adapted I try to refer to the original. So is there an accepted way of crediting perlmonks or is their a community view on this. And if there is already a view on this where is it my searches really didn't yield anything yet.
Comment on Courtesy
Re: Courtesy
by liz (Monsignor) on Nov 23, 2003 at 17:11 UTC
Add an ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS section to the pod in the source and mention the specific Perl Monks in there, or mention the Monastery (maybe with a URL) more generally. You do have pod in your source, don't you? ;-)
Let's pretend I'm stupid.... OK, I am. Pod?
Is it fair to stick a link to my site here?
Thanks for you patience.
Re: Courtesy
by jeffa (Chancellor) on Nov 23, 2003 at 17:13 UTC
Re: Courtesy
by pg (Canon) on Nov 23, 2003 at 19:52 UTC
You can do this:
• Send a message to the author, I think nothing would make the author more happy than knowing his/her code is appreciated by another monk.
• Add a link to the author's home node. But check with the author first, see whether he/she wants his/her home node to be linked.
Re: Courtesy
by TomDLux (Vicar) on Nov 24, 2003 at 05:29 UTC
Giving credit to people is nice, but my concern as a programmer is helping readers understand my program. I don't worry about plagiarism, people know I didn't invent red-black trees. But a reference to wherever I looked up while writing aa module is useful becuase people can better understand my thinking.
I would suggest having a link to the root of the discussion thread that improved your code, so people can see the whole stream.
Re: Courtesy
by Ninthwave (Chaplain) on Nov 24, 2003 at 10:33 UTC
Taking the suggestions here I will have a link to the node that gave ideas for my choice of code. And a link to the offering plate. The link to the node will be in the comments for the section of code in question, and in the pod acknowledgements. In the pod acknowledgements will be the link to this site and the offering plate.
Thank you
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Re: System command from crontab
by vitoco (Friar)
on Dec 07, 2009 at 13:24 UTC ( #811502=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to System command from crontab
Is the first field of the following crontab line ok?
crontab: /1 * * * * /root/scripts/perf/ > /tmp/test.txt 2>&1
I mean, "/1" should be "*/1", but that is the same as "*"!!!
BTW, as it was said, not every environmental variables you can see in your terminal session are available from within crond deamon. Although cron command could save some of them for your script, you must set all your required environmental variables at the beginning of the script or crontab file.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41944 | Tuesday, June 2, 2015
Mr. Boehner (and Mr. Obama), where are the jobs?
Maybe somebody should do something?
There are things that could be done!
But these are not normal circumstances.
No, they're not. People need to realize that the rules have changed. Republican policy is that by continually cutting taxes (and doing nothing else), happy and profitable businesses would use that excess cash to hire people. And once upon a time, the more workers you hired, the more money you could make, but that's not true anymore. Today, companies with excess cash -- which is the current situation, by the way -- could use that money to hire American workers, or they could buy rows and rows of dill pickles. Both are about as critical to their main mission of making as much money as possible for their shareholders -- now that they can replace workers with automation or with much cheaper labor abroad. Getting millions of Americans back to work is only of interest to the public -- you and me and the officials we elect -- and not to the private sector.
So there needs to be public solutions, like the ideas mentioned above.
It's just common sense.
But these are not normal circumstances.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41959 | Are Skyscrapers Profitable?
Yes and no, says Peter Bill. As a look at London's delightfully nicknamed towers - the Shard, the Walkie-Talkie, the Cheesegrater - shows, it may take years, and multiple economic cycles for skyscrapers to recoup their investment.
"[W]hy do developers bother building skyscrapers?" asks Peter Bill. An examination of the occupancy rates for four of London's newest towers "show it to be a risky game," he says. "Conception to completion can take more than a decade, ensuring the project is blighted by at least one economic downturn. The four towers examined above have yet to make a bean although all should when eventually filled."
“It’s much better to be the second owner of a tower, not the first,” says Digby Flower of Cushman & Wakefield. “The problem is you never know when in the cycle they will be delivered. But the big thing about towers is they have a 100-year lifespan and get reincarnated every 25 years.”
Bill compares the costs versus returns for vertically- and horizontally-oriented large buildings. "So a groundscraper costs £100 million to build and ends up worth £375 million," he concludes. "A skyscraper costs £125 million to build and is then worth £325 million."
"Why build skyscrapers? Lack of land, obviously. But there seems to be some sort of man thing going on here as well, doesn’t there?"
Full Story: Property: High-rises strive to meet lofty aims
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/41989 |
Reload this Page 5 Reasons I Really Do Not Like
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5 Reasons I Really Do Not Like
Posted July 25th, 2011 at 07:35 AM by Elite Overlord LeSabre™
Tags rant
Well, here's my entry for the Get Together Blog Competition. Now that it's been judged, I figured I'd post it on my blog for posterity. Any yes, I realize that I may be stepping on a few toes since this blog entry directly attacks some of the most popular and well-liked aspects of the franchise, but personally, I don't like these elements, I don't see how they're popular, and here are my opinions on why I don't like them. So, I present...
5 Reasons I Really Do Not Like...
1. It's EVERYWHERE. Not only that, it's usually portrayed as some special, all-powerful Pokemon. This despite it not even being a fully evolved Pokemon and having terrible base stats. Clearly Game Freak plays favorites with this thing... giving it an exclusive held item that even the rest of its evolution line can't use, giving it its own fan club in D/P/Pt (and don't even mention the creepy trainers that dress up like this abomination), it shows up on billboards in a region where it doesn't even live, and it's never, ever portrayed in a negative light in the games.
2. It's ugly. It's basically an obese rodent with a very creepy smile. The combination of its beady little black eyes, those dumb red spots on its face, and of course, that pedophile-grin somehow make it look both incredibly stupid and incredibly disturbing all at the same time.
3. It's dumb and immature. One episode of watching its stupid behavior on the anime should be more than enough evidence of that. Constantly smiling, playing around like a kid, throwing tantrums like a toddler when it *does* get mad... clearly this thing's brain isn't firing on all cylinders. And it seems to have this inexplicable and disturbing relationship with its equally dumb trainer. I mean, do you see the way those two embrace? Creepy.
4. That voice. That squeaky, high pitched voice. It's enough to drive a person insane. "Pika-Pi" is the annoying thing I have ever heard. Nails on a chalkboard are soothing compared to this freak of nature.
5. The clones. Why are there so many similar-looking Pokemon that are released every generation (electric-type rodents with those beady eyes and round spots on their faces)? Isn't one Pokemon who has these ugly features bad enough? Oddly enough, though, none of the clones are nearly as ugly as the original. Not even pre-evolved form Pichu.
1. He uses Pikachu. See previous section.
2. He maintains creepy relationship with said Pikachu. Besides their unusual and disturbing hugging and "romantic" moments, I've seen the two SLEEP IN THE SAME BED. Who knows what filthy, inappropriate things go on behind closed Pokemon Center doors? I don't think I really want to know.
3. He's an idiot. Besides 1 and 2 above, he routinely fails to notice his antagonists in their flimsy disguises, despite the fact that (a) their hairstyles are quite distinctive, and (b) he's run into them during practically EVERY episode. He forgets, on quite a regular basis, that some Pokemon are Ground-type and his rat's primary attacks are completely useless on them. Hell, he doesn't even seem all that skilled on the battlefield, and I feel that the majority of his success is merely dumb luck.
4. He's ugly and has an annoying voice. The combination of those eyes, those eyebrows, that messy hair, and those zigzag marks under his eyes simply does not work. His fashion sense is atrocious and his whiny, nasally voice is second only to Pikachu's in terms of how much they cause my rage to build. If I ever do have to watch the anime, it always must be muted because of this, and I try to avert my eyes whenever he's on screen.
5. He's worn out his welcome. Come on, the Pokemon anime desperately needs a new main character, preferably one who isn't so ugly, who actually sounds human, and who doesn't have a disturbing rodent fetish. I gave up on watching the show because it was just this same loser kid over and over again. Is it so hard to bring in someone new to give the show a fresh reboot?
1. He uses Pikachu. Besides the reasons noted above, what does it say about the strength of trainers in your region when your supposed "strongest" trainer doesn't even have the intelligence to evolve his Pokemon into their final forms? I'm sure Red is the one who's always mocked and ridiculed by the other champions.
2. Dude, you live in a cave. You know what kinds of people live in caves? People with something to hide, whether terrorists, fugitives from the law, or just runaways. Now, I'm not entirely sure which category Red falls under, or whatever connections to terrorist cells or organized crime he may or may not have, but he's obviously hiding from someone or something.
3. Now, I don't know if your larynx was slashed out by a wild Pokemon or by someone who got tired of your boasting, but try to find *some* way of communicating with others rather than standing there silent like a dumb brick. Try writing on a notepad or one of those Stephen Hawking voice box things. Then again, depending on how annoying he may or may not be, we may not want to hear him speak. If he's a Joey clone and brags about his "top percentage Pikachu" then maybe he's better left silent.
4. Really? You make me hike all the way through that horrendous Mt. Silver to find you, only to give me a less than satisfying battle where I OHKO or 2HOKO every single one of your Pokemon? I mean, if you're going to be that easy to beat, at least park yourself in an area where we can get to you easily. The battle with you was so NOT worth the effort of trying to reach you.
5. You stole the thunder from my favorite trainer. One of the most annoying things about HG/SS was everyone saying, "A young boy named Red broke up Team Rocket." Um, NO! Because I clearly recall when I played Leaf Green, it was a GIRL who broke up the team and I certainly didn't name her "Red." Really, there should have been some option where you could get her to replace him as top trainer. Maybe by playing as the girl in HG/SS or using the dual slot option with your own copy of FR/LG. It shouldn't have been just him.
*Pokemon Black and White
1. The girl trainer dresses like she trains Pokemon by day and turns tricks by night. Which is hardly an appropiate image, if you ask me.
2. The experience system. I've seen this sort of "diminished returns" style of experience gain in other RPG's and to put it bluntly, it sucks for me and my playing style - which is leveling up my party until they tower over the opposition. Getting fewer and fewer points per battle causes this process to drag on and on for much longer than it should.
3. Why are post-game trainers 15-20 levels higher than the Elite Four? Coupled with #2, they became nearly impossible to prepare for beforehand. And it doesn't make sense logically, either. If these guys on Route 14 and such were so strong, why wouldn't they take on the Elite Four themselves? Surely with their Lv65+ Pokemon they could have taken on the Elites who only top out at 50.
4. Trubbish, Garbodor, Stunfisk, Drudiggon. Yeah, those guys.
5. Where is the Vs. Seeker? Why couldn't the touch screen be used for something more useful than the C-Gear (which is only really useful at anime/gaming conventions and the like)? Why can't we rematch the Gym Leaders? Where are the cool apps like there were on the Poketch and PokeGear? Why were these features left out of the game?
*Pokemon Emerald
1. The retouching of May's clothes and color scheme did not work so well, Besides making her outfit look more disjointed, her now green bandanna is way too easy to lose track of, especially in the tall grass on the way to Fortree. Of course Brendan, with that weird white hair/fluffy hat/wig that makes him look geriatric, never looked good.
2. We had the luxury of the Vs. Seeker in FR/LG. Why must we revert to the inferior PokeNav system of rematches in Emerald? The ability to rematch Gym Leaders simply doesn't make up for the Vs. Seeker's superior convenience and versatility.
3. Do we really need two artsy pretty boys who use Water-type Pokemon? Wasn't having one in the form of Wallace enough? Steven was a tougher champion to defeat, anyway.
4. The Battle Frontier: Cool concept, but horrible hax luck by your CPU opponents make the place an exercise in frustration more than anything else. The place is interesting enough and the battle formats are certainly innovative, but all of that fails to matter when victory is snatched out from under you by the likes of Sheer Cold, Focus Band, Brightpowder, Quick Claw, and the infamous Critical Hit.
5. Hoenn as a region as a whole is unimpressive. We didn't need all those water routes, and the ones with the currents were especially annoying. So were all the speedo-wearing swimmers, and the fact that because of all the water, my Electrode and Bellossom ended up 7 levels higher than the rest of my team by the time I reached Victory Road. And who builds towns atop trees, floating in the sea, or inside a volcano, anyway? Those locales just struck me as odd and overdone.
Posted inPokemon Gaming, WTF?!, Pokecommunity
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1. Old Comment
Melody's Avatar
...Best Emerald roast Evar. Seriously I lol'd. And I LIKE the 3rd gen!
On B/W...Turning tricks, lolz. I wondered why she dressed so attractively. I thought maybe she was being a rebel against hoity-toity parents or something like that.
Stunfisk makes me mad. They only seem to be found in little puddles of water. Wtf?
Oh and don't get me started on the Pokemon encounter rates in B/W. Back in the GBA days, you were guaranteed about 3-4 steps between encounters, and that was annoying enough. Now you can actually walk through a three wide line of grass, and encounter three pokemon. wtf?!
Posted July 25th, 2011 at 01:52 PM by Melody Melody is offline
2. Old Comment
shinysweety's Avatar
I like Pikachu and to me those Pikachu words were kinda mean, but your are so right about Ash, he is and Idiot especially when he hugs fire pokemon or Pikachu when there flaming or sparking and he told Pikachu to attack him and he fell down stairs allot of times..... idiot.
And i totally agree on pokemon White-Black.
Posted August 8th, 2011 at 08:32 AM by shinysweety shinysweety is offline
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42006 | Dave Housley
Reviews // 1 Articles
Ryan Seacrest Is Famous by Dave Housley
15 Feb 2009 // 1:59 PM
Housely uses Kerouac to describe what has happened to America with the rise of ubiquitous media that endlessly praises the corporate injunction to masturbatory self-improvement as consumption.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42063 | TripAdvisor Content API
TripAdvisor is one of the world's largest travel sites featuring reviews and advice on hotels, resorts, flights, vacation rentals, vacation packages, travel guides, and more. TripAdvisor's Content API allows access to business information on travel destinations. API calls can be made using HTTP requests to return data in JSON formats. The API returns rich data on ratings, prices, location, and reviews of travel-themed accommodations, restaurants, transportation, and hotels. The destination parameter will return top local restaurants with business details for each. The API is free to use for any developer that requests an API key and is approved.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42064 | Mashup: Visage MXP
Visage MXP
Visage MXP is the mobile expense module for Concur Expense. It enables Concur Expense to do for mobile expenses what Concur already does for hotel, air and other business expenses – which is to completely automate the process of getting expense entries into Concur Expense ready to be submitted by the user.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42071 | part 4 one more to come
It was nearly a week later Lisa called again. “You alone”? she asked. I nodded. She strode in.
“Where’s the bedroom” she asked already climbing the stairs. I followed hesitantly and showed her the main bedroom.
Today she was wearing a shift dress buttoned down the front.
“What do you want” I asked uncertainly
“I want you to make me cum again” she replied abruptly. “I told you last time, you’re going to give me what I want & when I want it”.
Still unsure, I asked how she wanted to do it.
“I think the bed this time, but I want a little more from you”.
“What can I do I asked
“You can undress me first” she instructed. “Slowly!”
I started on the top buttons then one by one undid them. I eased the dress from her shoulders. And she was standing before me in bra and a skimpy thong.
Our last encounter was all rather sudden, but this time I took a good look at her body. Slim, narrow waist, no excess at all.
“You like asked”? as she posed before me
“Most certainly” I replied.
“Carry on” she instructed
I reached behind her and undid the clasp of her bra, and eased it down her arms.
A small pair of titties revealed themselves. Hardly any sag, tipped with a stunning set of nipples. I couldn’t resist, I reached forward to cover one with my mouth.
“Not yet, bad boy, you can touch if and when I tell you” she reprimand me. You haven’t finished yet”. She looked down
I got to my knees and slipped my fingers into the strings of her thong then eased them down her shapely legs.
She stepped out of her tiny underwear. “Pass them here” she instructed as I ogled her delightful body. My cock making an uncomfortable bulge in my trousers.
I passed the tiny piece of fabric to her. She inspected it closely.
“Oh look, they seem a bit damp, I must have been a bit excited on my way over here, see”. She showed them to me revealing the damp patch in the gusset.
“Put out your tongue” she demanded
I did as instructed and she rubbed the damp gusset over my mouth
“Does that remind you of our last encounter” she asked. I nodded
“You want more”? I nodded again
Her hand went between her legs and I watched with interest as she rubbed a couple of fingers around what I could see was an already wet pair of cunt lips
“Here” she offered me the wet fingers.
I sucked them clean
“You like” she asked pushing her fingers around my mouth
Mmmm I nodded
“You gonna suck my pussy for me like a good boy”
“If you want” I answered
“Oh yes that is what I want, and your going to make me cum again or else there will be trouble”.
She lay down on the bed, and I moved to kneel between her legs.
“Oh not yet, naughty boy. I think you should get undress as well”
Oh great I thought I’m going to fuck her at last.
She lay watching me as I almost ripped my clothes off.
“My you are eager” she laughed, and reached out and stroked my twitching cock. “I bet you want to push this inside me” she asked rubbing me gently
“Yes please” I stuttered
She gave my cock a gently slap. “Not yet bad boy. You have to earn any pleasure you get. I keep reminding you this is all about me”
She was such a small woman, I could have thrown here back on the bed and fucked her there and then, but that wasn’t my style, besides I wanted to see where this game was going. Her slightly dominatrix style was turning me on.
“Now I want you to suck my nipples, make sure you give them equal attention”.
I lay beside her then leant across to take one nipple into my mouth. It seem to explode. I could swear it tripled in size as I rolled my tongue over it.
With a thumb on one and my mouth on the other I licked, sucked and played with her tiny breasts.
Lisa sighed as I carried out my pleasant duty. Resting on one arm, I could reach each nipple in turn as my now free hand snaked down her stomach towards her honey pot.
I ran my hand up her thigh as Lisa opened her legs. My fingers played with her cunt lips then I pushed one then two fingers into her wet opening.
“Mmmm” Lisa purred, as I tickled her pussy. Keeping up my attentions on her sensitive nipples, I probed and teased her now sopping cunt, searching for her g spot.
With my fingers deep in her cunt, my thumb probed her clitoris rubbing hard as I explored her insides.
“Oh shit, yes, just there” she cried out. “Oh fuck harder, harder”.
I fucked her with my fingers, as my thumb pressed against her clit. She was pushing back on my hand then squeezed her legs tightly together and she cried out. “Oh fuck, yes yes yessssssssssssss”. her body seemed to lift off the bed as she came. She shook for several seconds then pushed my hand away until her orgasm subsided
“Oh my, that was fantastic” she sighed
“Glad to be of service” I smirked, I stroked her body as she regained breath, running a figure of eight around her boobs, over her stomach and across the top of her soft bush.
After a couple of minutes Lisa looked composed
“And now” I asked hopefully
She rose up and straddled my waist. Oh yes I thought, she’s going to mount me now.
Reaching behind her, she took hold of my cock, “I bet you can’t wait to use this can you” she said rubbing me slowly
“If you’ll let me” I almost pleaded
“Oh, I’m not sure if you deserve THAT” she pouted as she shuffled down my body.
Oh yes, this was it I convinced myself.
My raging hard on was now flat against my stomach, as Lisa wriggled again. I glanced down and could see the tip of my aching rod poking out between her legs. I could feel her wetness on the shaft.
Resting her hands on my chest, Lisa now moved backwards and forwards rubbing her cunt along my shaft. What I soon realised was that she was rubbing the tip of my cock over clitoris.
Fuck she was using me as a dildo!
“Rub my boobs” she demanded as she ground down hard against me. I stroked her small breast & played with her nipples as she slide back & forth on my cock. A quick nudge and I could have entered her, but this game had aroused my curiosity (as well as other things), I just had to play it out.
Lisa was rubbing hard now and sighing as she used me. My cock & balls were dripping, and I thought if she kept this up much longer, I’ll come without getting inside her.
“Oh that feels so good, she groaned. Oh fuck yes, you like”?
“I can think of something I’d like better” I replied pushing my hips up and hoping I would slip in.
She stopped suddenly. “I bet you would but you know………”
“Yeah I know, this is for you, you keep reminding me”
“That’s right she said as she rolled off. She looked down at my cock. “Oh my, look how wet I’ve made you.” I looked down, it was glistening with her juices and twitching with a mind of it’s own.
She touched the tip with her finger and it jumped widely, “sensitive” she asked.
“I bet you really want to come don’t you”
“I nearly did” I informed her
“Oh wow, I nearly made you come just by rubbing my pussy over you, what fun. Well you will just have to wait, me first” she giggled as she sat astride my chest facing my legs. “Come you know what I want” she said as she wriggled back towards my head.
Resting her hands on my chest she pushed her cunt against my face. “Suck you horny thing. Make me come”.
Lisa was squatting over my mouth, supporting herself on my hips so I got to work, my tongue probing and drinking in all the juice I could. Lisa shifted position slightly, so she was lower on my body. I could feel her breath on my cock and though Oh yes suck me suck me.
I pulled on her hips pulling her tighter against me, and with her laying almost flat against my body, I could lick not only her cunt, but could reach her little brown ring. I probed with my tongue which seemed to send her over the top. Once more, sucking on her pussy she came. Grinding against me. For a second I could feel her face on my cock as she pushed hard against my mouth. Just as I thought was going to get my reward she rolled off.
“Oh fuck, that was terrific; you’re very, very good. She sighed.
“Now, what about this big boy she asked, stroking my hardness. I bet he’s ready for some action”
Sure is" I grinned stupidly
“Ok, just come up here, kneel beside me”.
I was truly unsure where this game was going, but I was so desperate to come, I’d try anything
“OK, sow let me see how you like to rub your cock”.
“You heard, I just want to see how you rub yourself, I want to be sure I do it right” she grinned as she reached out and ran her thumb over the tip.
I felt a bit foolish, but began stroking my dick. Gripping firmly and sliding my hand from tip to base, thumbing the glans as I worked myself up to an even higher level of anticipation.
“Does that feel nice” she asked?
“Uhuh, could be nicer” I said
“Oh yeah, how’s that”?
“You could do it for me” I almost pleaded
She reached out for me and replaced my hand with hers
“Like this”? she asked
“Mmmm” was the best I could manage
“I bet you would like me to suck it wouldn’t you”?
“Mmmm again”?
“Did you like it when Kat sucked it?”
Oh the wonderful memory of that teen mouth sucking on my cock was burnt in my thoughts
“Was she good?”
“I bet your feeling extra horney thinking about it aren’t you”?
“Noo, I lied, I’m just enjoying what you’re doing” I lied.
My body language made it clear I was close to my peak
“Bloody liar” Lisa barked. “I bet you’re thinking of her, as you kneel there with my hand on your cock”.
I’m sure she could tell I was all but ready to blow. She let go of me. “I don’t think you deserve any more”
My cock was going into spasm I had only seconds left
“No please don’t stop”! I pleaded
“I guess you really want to come then” she grinned
“Yes, I panted, just a few more strokes please”
“You do it, she ordered, rub your self, and let me see you come. You can come on my tits and stomach, but don’t you dare get any on my face. Now if you want to finish, do it”!
I had no choice, I needed the release. Only 5 or 6 strokes and a steam of spunk hit her chest, over her breasts, 2, 3 shots across her tits, then more down her stomach.
A final couple of rubs and I was drained.
“Wow, that was amazing. So much cum. You’ve just about covered my tits”.
She was rubbing my spunk across her nipples. You certainly made a mess of me”.
She put a spunk covered finger to her mouth. “Not bad she” said smiling
She covered her finger again then offered it to me. I’ve never been inhibited about tasting my own juice, so I sucked her finger clean.
“More”? She asked
I nodded. She repeated the process.
She sucked another wet finger herself, the offered me the next. Before it reached my mouth she stopped.
“I think that’s enough. Will you clean me up”? she asked innocently
“Sure” I replied and moved to get of the bed with the intention of getting a tissue
“No”! she yelled grabbing my arm and pulling me towards her, “with your mouth”. She grinned.
I accepted the reprimand and bent over her, licking my sticky spunk from her tummy, moving up her chest slowly to finish licking every drop from her breasts. I took the opportunity to suck hard on each of her stiff nipples
“Ok, enough. I think you’re beginning to enjoy what I thought was going to be punishment” now pass me my handbag.
I did as instructed and she took out the phone again.
“Now, by way of appreciation for your efforts, I’ll delete some of the pictures of your shameful behaviour”. She pointed the phone at me, “here you can chose which ones”.
The first was the one she showed me earlier with a childlike Kat on her knees with my cock in her mouth.
“This one”? She asked.
Oh the memory! I wish I had a copy of the picture, I would have jerked off nightly to it. The next was me between her legs sucking that nubile pussy. The memory was so strong I could taste her.
The next was a close up, Kat on her back Knees in the air and my cock deep inside her. (when the hell did Lizzy take these?)
“Ok, that one” I suggested. There were several more in various positions, Lisa deleted 3 more.
Then there was one with Kat sucking my cock again, I remembered it was just after I had been fucking Lizzy and it was Kats first taste of another girl’s pussy juice. It could be seen clearly glistening on the shaft of my cock. Shit I was getting horny thinking about it. I could feel my cock growing.
She must have had about 2 dozen pics, I recall one where I was standing Kat with her legs wrapped round me. I remember it was when Lizzy licked her ring.
Lisa noticed my stiffening cock. “Ahha, are you having impure thoughts about my innocent daughter?”
“Sorry” I answered embarrassed
“You must have enjoyed it, to get you that horny just looking at a few pictures.”
I didn’t know what to say
“Did you”?
“Did I What”?
“Did you enjoy it?”
“I… I guess so”
“You only guess so, why what's wrong with her are you saying my daughter’s not sexy enough?”
“No, no, it’s just that I feel a bit awkward talking about her with you”
Do you know what I was wondering”?
“Well…. From these pictures, it’s pretty clear that there was someone else in the room to take them, so who was it, who else was there”?
“Have you asked Kat”?
“Oh, no, we haven’t discussed the pictures since I found them, nor your punishment”.
“Perhaps you should ask her then, I’m not sure I should say”
“I don’t want to embarrass her any more than necessary, especially after your disgraceful behaviour. I think you should introduce me to the 3rd party”
“Why so you can punish them as well” I asked seriously
“Who knows, I won’t be able to tell until I meet them”.
“I’m not sure, I’d have to ask them”
“Is it female or god forbid male? Another of your perverted friends”
“I’m not saying, I’ll have to ask”
“Ok, up to you, I could just keep on making you suffer, so long as I get what I want I really don’t care”. I’ll tell you what, you speak to your conspirator and text me when you’ve decided. Here I’ll give you my mobile number”.
I found a pen & took the number
Do you want a last look she said flashing photo after photo at me. I glanced at the pictures as she flicked through the series. My cock was reacting once more.
Lisa leaned across and stroked my shaft. I jumped in her caress.
“Nice ‘eh”?
Mmmm I sighed
“Well if you still feel horny you’ll have to deal with it yourself” she laughed climbing off the bed... “You keep pleasuring me like this and it won’t be too long before you’ve paid off your debt” she said and she started to dress.
She opened her handbag and took out what I guessed were a clean pair of panties before she put them on the rubbed the pair she had earlier round her pussy. Here you can keep these just to remind you of what it is that I want. With that she went down stairs. I didn't have time to dress so I just threw on a robe.
“Till next time” she laughed as she opened the door. Then she was gone. I just stood there flabbergasted. I just didn’t know what to make of her.
I was just about to go back upstairs to shower and the doorbell went. I hoped Lisa had a change of mind and now wanted fucking. I opened the door, it was Lizzy.
She slipped in quickly and shut the door.
“I saw her leave, I’m desperate to know what went on, did she let you fuck her this time”?
The look on my face must have told it all
“Oh no, she played with you again. What is her game. What did she make you do, tell all”
I started to explain
“Is that her I can smell, Mmmm yummy” she grabbed me and licked my mouth and face
“Oh fuck I’d like some of that”
“You might get your chance” I offered. Then I explained what Lisa had demanded
“Oh so she can punish me as well, Ooo what lovely punishment, tasting her pussy first hand, I can’t wait”.
I didn’t think it was such a good idea but Lizzy was insistent. “Don’t worry” she assured me, “I know what I’m doing, and I’m sure we will find a way to pay her back. Now do you want to fuck my aching pussy or not”?.
We had yet another frenzied fuck, then agreed a time & date. Lizzy got me to text Lisa and agree a date for a few days time.
Anonymous readerReport
2015-03-02 05:48:37
Please write the next part.
Anonymous readerReport
2014-01-05 08:03:11
Looking for someone to chat with Ik me misslp1000 I'm 16 looking for guys 16 and up
Anonymous readerReport
2014-01-03 18:05:40
polki som kurwa lepsze
Anonymous readerReport
2013-12-27 15:24:12
Wheres the next part? Come on now
Anonymous readerReport
2013-12-17 00:40:13
562-293-6818. 19. Female . Boys mssg me. Any age. Ill send nudes ;)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42085 | Thread: New Ride
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Old 05-09-2013, 04:37 PM
galfer galfer is offline
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hadnt thought about pulling off the pillar tape. ill consider that one. gotta look for some pics of one like that first... i think ill go with the PD route on the grill insert for now and see how it looks. and i definitely want to PD the front and rear emblem.. i was just worried about seeing outline or something where the badges are on the doors.
as far as wheels, i havent looked much but i definitely want black. friend of mine suggested PD or powdercoat the ones on it black. so i might give that a shot first before i drop the cash on a new set of wheels. anybody know of any pics where somebody did these wheels in black on a white truck?
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42093 | Peter Larkin reads "Yardley Oak" by William Cowper
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In this installment, Peter Larkin (b. New Forest, Hampshire, UK, 1946) reads “Yardley Oak” by William Cowper. Larkin is the author of two large poetry collections, Terrain Seed Scarcity (2001) and Leaves of Field (2006), as well as many smaller pamphlets. He ran Prest Roots Press from the late '80s until three years ago. He works at Warwick University Library and has published a number of academic papers on the Romantic poets.
William Cowper, "Yardley Oak"
Survivor sole, and hardly such, of all
That once lived here, thy brethren, at my birth
(Since which I number threescore winters past,)
A shattered veteran, hollow-trunked perhaps
As now, and with excoriate forks deform,
Relicts of ages! Could a mind imbued
With truth from Heaven created thing adore,
I might with reverence kneel and worship thee.
It seems idolatry with some excuse
When our forefather druids in their oaks
Imagined sanctity. The conscience yet
Unpurified by an authentic act
Of amnesty, the meed of blood divine,
Loved not the light, but gloomy into gloom
Of thickest shades, like Adam after taste
Of fruit proscribed, as to a refuge, fled.
Thou wast a bauble once; a cup and ball,
Which babes might play with; and the thievish jay
Seeking her food, with ease might have purloined
The auburn nut that held thee, swallowing down
Thy yet close-folded latitude of boughs
And all thine embryo vastness, at a gulp.
But fate thy growth decreed. Autumnal rains
Beneath thy parent tree mellowed the soil
Designed thy cradle, and a skipping deer
With pointed hoof dibbling the glebe, prepared
The soft receptacle in which secure
Thy rudiments should sleep the winter through.
So Fancy dreams. Disprove it if you can
Ye reasoners broad awake, whose busy search
Of argument, employed too oft amiss,
Sifts half the pleasures of short life away.
Thou fell'st mature, and in the loamy clod
Swelling, with vegetative force instinct
Didst burst thine egg, as theirs the fabled twins
Now stars, two lobes protruding paired exact.
A leaf succeeded, and another leaf,
And all the elements thy puny growth
Fostering propitious, thou becamest a twig.
Who lived when thou wast such? Oh could’st thou speak
As in Dodona once thy kindred trees
Oracular, I would not curious ask
The future, best unknown, but at thy mouth
Inquisitive, the less ambiguous past.
By thee I might correct, erroneous oft,
The clock of history, facts and events
Timing more punctual, unrecorded facts
Recovering, and mis-stated setting right.
Desperate attempt till trees shall speak again!
Time made thee what thou wast, king of the woods.
And Time hath made thee what thou art, a cave
For owls to roost in. Once thy spreading boughs
O'erhung the champaign, and the numerous flock
That grazed it stood beneath that ample cope
Uncrowded, yet safe-sheltered from the storm.
No flock frequents thee now; thou hast outlived
Thy popularity, and art become
(Unless verse rescue thee awhile) a thing
Forgotten as the foliage of thy youth.
While thus through all the stages thou hast pushed
Of tree-ship, first a seedling hid in grass,
Then twig, then sapling, and, as century rolled
Slow after century, a giant bulk
Of girth enormous with moss-cushioned root
Upheaved above the soil, and sides embossed
With prominent wens globose, till at the last
The rottenness which Time is charged to inflict
On other mighty ones found also thee -
What exhibitions various hath the world
Witnessed of mutability in all
That we account most durable below!
Change is the diet on which all subsist
Created changeable, and change at last
Destroys them. Skies uncertain, now the heat
Transmitting cloudless, and the solar beam
Now quenching in a boundless sea of clouds,
Calm and alternate storm, moisture and drought,
Invigorate by turns the springs of life
In all that live, plant, animal, and man,
And in conclusion mar them. Nature's threads,
Fine, passing thought, even in her coarsest works,
Delight in agitation, yet sustain
The force that agitates not unimpaired,
But worn by frequent impulse, to the cause
Of their best tone their dissolution owe.
Thought cannot spend itself comparing still
The great and little of thy lot, thy growth
From almost nullity into a state
Of matchless grandeur, and declension thence
Slow into such magnificent decay.
Time was, when settling on thy leaf a fly
Could shake thee to the root, and time has been
When tempests could not. At thy firmest age
Thou hadst within thy bole solid contents
That might have ribbed the sides or planked the deck
Of some flagged admiral, and tortuous arms,
The shipwright's darling treasure, didst present
To the four-quartered winds, robust and bold,
Warped into tough knee-timber, many a load.
But the axe spared thee; in those thriftier days
Oaks fell not, hewn by thousands, to supply
The bottomless demands of contest waged
For senatorial honours. Thus to Time
The task was left to whittle thee away
With his sly scythe, whose ever-nibbling edge
Noiseless, an atom and an atom more
Disjoining from the rest, has unobserved
Achieved a labour, which had far and wide,
(By man performed) made all the forest ring.
Embowelled now, and of thy ancient self
Possessing nought but the scooped rind that seems
An huge throat calling to the clouds for drink
Which it would give in riv’lets to thy root,
Thou temptest none, but rather much forbidd'st
The feller's toil, which thou couldst ill requite.
Yet is thy root sincere, sound as the rock,
A quarry of stout spurs and knotted fangs
Which crook'd into a thousand whimsies, clasp
The stubborn soil, and hold thee still erect.
So stands a kingdom whose foundations yet
Fail not, in virtue and in wisdom laid,
Though all the superstructure by the tooth
Pulverised of venality, a shell
Stands now, and semblance only of itself.
Thine arms have left thee. Winds have rent them off
Long since, and rovers of the forest wild
With bow and shaft, have burnt them. Some have left
A splintered stump bleached to a snowy white,
And some memorial none where once they grew.
Yet life still lingers in thee, and puts forth
Proof not contemptible of what she can
Even where death predominates. The spring
Thee finds not less alive to her sweet force
Than yonder upstarts of the neighbour wood
So much their juniors, who their birth received
Half a millennium since the date of thine.
But since, although well-qualified by age
To teach, no spirit dwells in thee, nor voice
May be expected from thee, seated here
On thy distorted root, with hearers none
Or prompter save the scene, I will perform
Myself the oracle, and will discourse
In my own ear such matter as I may.
One man alone, the Father of us all,
Drew not his life from woman; never gazed
With mute unconsciousness of what he saw
On all around him; learned not by degrees,
Nor owed articulation to his ear;
But moulded by his maker into man
At once, upstood intelligent, surveyed
All creatures, with precision understood
Their purport, uses, properties, assign'd
To each his name significant, and, filled
With love and wisdom, rendered back to heaven
In praise harmonious the first air he drew.
He was excused the penalties of dull
Minority; no tutor charged his hand
With the thought-tracing quill, or tasked his mind
With problems. History, not wanted yet,
Leaned on her elbow, watching Time, whose course
Eventful should supply her with a theme....
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42104 | RealClimate logo
My oh Miocene!
• SumoMe
Guest commentary by Sarah Feakins
Our recent study in Nature Geoscience reconstructed conditions at the Antarctic coast during a warm period of Earth’s history. Today the Ross Sea has an ice shelf and the continent is ice covered; but we found the Antarctic coast was covered with tundra vegetation for some periods between 20 million and 15.5 million years ago. These findings are based on the isotopic composition of plant leaf waxes in marine sediments.
That temperatures were warm at that time was not a huge surprise; surprising, was how much warmer things were – up to 11ºC (20ºF) warmer at the Antarctic coast! We expected to see polar amplification, i.e. greater changes towards the poles as the planet warms. This study found those coastal temperatures to be as warm as 7ºC or 45ºF during the summer months. This is a surprise because conventional wisdom has tended to think of Antarctica being getting progressively colder since ice sheets first appeared on Antarctica 34 million years ago (but see Ruddiman (2010) for a good discussion of some of the puzzles).
Where did this record come from?
The ANDRILL program is a multinational collaboration involving scientists from Germany, Italy, New Zealand and the United States to drill through ocean sediments around Antarctica. The drilling effort in the austral summer of 2007 involved a rig perched upon the Ross Ice Shelf, drilling down through the ice, 400m of water below that and then grinding down 1km into the sediments. The sediments are bagged and then transported back to the storage facility in Florida from where they are parcelled out to analysis laboratories across the world.
It can take years to process all this sediment and perform all the compositional, elemental and isotopic analyses that need to be done. Numerous scientists work on getting the most information possible out of the core. One of the early findings was the unexpected discovery of abundant pollen in the Miocene part of the core by Sophie Warny (Warny et al, 2009). The pollen came from types of tundra vegetation and indicated summer temperatures above freezing, which was also inferred from the presence of freshwater algae.
After Sophie found the pollen, I began to search for molecular fossils of those same plants. The waxy coating of plant leaves is remarkable for its resilience in sediments. In addition those leaf wax molecules capture an isotopic record of past rainfall. It is these isotopic signatures that allow quantitative insights into temperature and rainfall.
To extract the leaf waxes we don’t look for visual fossils, instead we use organic solvents to dissolve and extract the leaf waxes out from the sediments. Those organic molecules are then purified by passing through a series of filtering steps in the lab. Ultimately we wind up with a pure concentration of the leaf waxes which can be analyzed by mass spectrometry (see photo).
How are the results interpreted?
The leaf wax hydrogen isotope evidence was interpreted in comparison to model experiments. Jung-Eun Lee (JPL) conducted experiments, after adding water isotopes into a model dubbed GRAM (Frierson et al, 2006) because it requires a gram of computational effort rather than a ton in a full general circulation model. With the aid of the isotope-enabled model version, iGRAM, we can simulate the movement of water around the planet and track the water isotopic signatures. The goal was to see if modern relationships between different points in space that have different isotopes in precipitation and temperature are valid when we instead consider changes at the same point over time. Model experiments suggested a small upwards tweak in the temperature reconstructions for the Miocene from 2ºC to 7ºC. These experiments also reveal the dynamics behind the isotopic values: more evaporation from the warmer high latitude oceans and increased rainfall at high latitudes. (Ed. In similar experiments for Greenland (Werner et al, 2000), the changes in the seasonal cycle were important in understanding the isotope paleo-thermometer).
The iGRAM model is however an idealised aquaplanet, (i.e. no continents at all) so it isn’t useful for the interior of Antarctica, but deep sea records suggest that glacial ice volume was about 50% of modern volume at that time. It is however difficult to do full general circulation model experiments for this period because of the difficulty of constraining boundary conditions in the Miocene – what the land surface looked like, what greenhouse gas levels were, etc. An aquaplanet is perhaps good enough for these tests as conditions at the coast are really set by the oceans.
In terms of figuring out how the climate system operates, temperature is one of the simpler variables to reconstruct (not that any of this is really simple). Figuring out how precipitation changes is harder, largely because models can’t capture the scale of clouds let alone raindrops. What the leaf waxes provide is an archive of the isotopic composition of precipitation – much as the ice cores do for the past million years. Of course an ice core is not as simple as a rain gauge, and a plant has biology that an ice core doesn’t, but crucially if plants are growing, leaf waxes are probably preserved in sediments allowing us to push these isotopic records back beyond the ice core records to address questions about what climate was like further back in time.
How robust are these results?
What is reassuring here is that all the lines of evidence presented, from various microfossils, molecular fossils, isotopes and model experiments, all point to temperatures at the coast of Antarctica reaching above freezing point in summer months, probably around 7ºC (45ºF).
Downcore results through the Miocene section show at least two periods of exceptional warmth.
It is in those warm, periods further back in time, that might help us understand a little more about how warmer climate systems operate, and that information might just be important as we contemplate our future.
1. S.J. Feakins, S. Warny, and J. Lee, "Hydrologic cycling over Antarctica during the middle Miocene warming", Nature Geosci, vol. 5, pp. 557-560, 2012.
2. W.F. Ruddiman, "A Paleoclimatic Enigma?", Science, vol. 328, pp. 838-839, 2010.
3. S. Warny, R.A. Askin, M.J. Hannah, B.A. Mohr, J.I. Raine, D.M. Harwood, and F. Florindo, "Palynomorphs from a sediment core reveal a sudden remarkably warm Antarctica during the middle Miocene", Geology, vol. 37, pp. 955-958, 2009.
4. D.M.W. Frierson, I.M. Held, and P. Zurita-Gotor, "A Gray-Radiation Aquaplanet Moist GCM. Part I: Static Stability and Eddy Scale", Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 63, pp. 2548-2566, 2006.
193 Responses to “My oh Miocene!”
1. 1
What is the resolution on these sediments? How far forward in the recent past can you reliably go? The point of the question being… can you say with confidence that the last time the Antarctic coast achieved these temperatures was 15.7 Mya, or is it possible that the same conditions occurred more recently, but the sediment proxy is only valid from X Mya and back?
[With the ultimate point being “can we reliably treat the sediments as evidence that these conditions have not existed in 15 Myr, in which case it is quite possible that global warming somewhere over 2.5˚C will (in time) restore a condition that has not occurred on Earth since then?”]
2. 2
LH says:
2nd paragraph reads “11C (20F)”; something isn’t right there…
And now for a question: do we know the atmospheric CO2 at that time?
[Response: A change of 11ºC is the same as a change of ~20ºF (19.8 to be exact). Miocene CO2 is surprisingly difficult to pin down – Two relatively recent papers come to quite different conclusions: Tripati et al (2009) say ~400ppmv and Pagani et al (2005) say ~280ppmv (based on quite different techniques). This is discussed in the Ruddiman paper linked above as well. – gavin]
[Response: Actually, I don’t think Miocene CO2 is particularly harder than any other time before we have CO2 from ice cores. All the geochemical proxies have similar problems and uncertainties. The Miocene CO2 problem stands out because the CO2 estimates bump up against values so low it’s hard for known climate physics to explain how warm the climate is. That’s particularly true if Pagani’s value is closer to the truth, but even the higher value in Tripati et al is problematic. Thus, it is particularly important to understand more about the nature of Miocene climate, and ANDRILL is part of that process. Puzzles like this are Nature’s way of reminding us when there is potentially some big gap in our understanding, and such puzzles demand to be resolved. Sometimes, the puzzle is resolved in favor of the models, through continued improvement in the proxies; this happened with the earlier puzzle of relatively warm CLIMAP LGM tropical sea surface temperatures. To some extent, the problem of cool Eocene tropical temperatures was also resolved in favor of models, though the story is still not complete there. But it could also be that the Miocene and Pliocene are telling us that the climate has some as-yet unfathomed way of flipping into a warmer state. Danger ahead? Best not to poke the angry beast. – raypierre]
3. 3
Hank Roberts says:
Bob, this is one of the first reports out of the ANDRILL program — worth looking at how it’s being done. I’ve been waiting eagerly for anything for quite a while, knowing it was coming eventually.
ANDRILL pulled up cores from various sites, put them on ships and sent the material off to research labs all over the world where the cores went into storage or labs. People are working to make sense of the chunks they have, write that up, and get it to a journal. Lots of pieces, widely distributed.
I doubt there’s an overall complete answer to your questions possible until that work is well advanced.
If I knew where to send donations, I’d send them money. It’s quite a project.
It’s just started.
4. 4
Pretty cool Really fascinating piece. Hate to “ooh and ah,” but it really is amazing to see the backward extension of proxies ‘in process’ as it were.
It’s also tantalizing to try and imagine what else might come out of the ANDRILL.
(And a tip of the hat in gratitude for all the hard work behind results like these.)
5. 5
#2–LH, an ANOMALY of 20 degrees F is indeed roughly equal to 11 C. They weren’t discussing absolute temperature; where they do, the figures are 45 F and 7 C, which is also (roughly) correct.
If we’re nitpicking, the only thing I spotted was “perhpas” for “perhaps” in the second para of “How Are The Results Interpreted.”
6. 6
Hank Roberts says:
For LH:
“how much warmer things were – up to 11ºC (20ºF) warmer … coastal temperatures to be as warm as 7ºC or 45ºF during the summer…”
Did you read that as saying 11C equals 20F? That would certainly be wrong.
In context, read as part of the sentence, I read it as:
Found 7C, 11C warmer than expected (they expected -4F)
Found 45F, 20F warmer than expected (they expected 25F)
7. 7
flxible says:
Yes, re-read at least once, carefully, in context, those temp references are clear, but maybe it’d be a lot clearer if science quit coddling Americans and instead force them to start thinking in the terms science and the rest of the world does, skip the F translations and it doesn’t bring the thought process to a bump that requires re-reading, or result in misinterpretations. ;)
8. 8
Ellen Thomas says:
Response to 1 and 3: This is not really ‘one of the first reports out of ANDRILL’ – there have been many papers out of that program already, quite a few fascinating. see e.g. ‘Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years’,; and ‘Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations’,, published in 2008 and 2009. The ANDRILL website gives great information on the project (, with lots of information on project-related publications for professional scientists and the general public.
And yes, the proxy can be used from the present into periods going back many millions of years as long as the right type of sediments is present; methods can (and have been) used on deep-sea cores recovered by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, i.e. from other parts of the worlds oceans and from sediments on land.
9. 9
SecularAnimist says:
flxible wrote: “… if science quit coddling Americans and instead force them to start thinking in the terms science and the rest of the world does …”
Yes, by all means let’s “force” Americans to start thinking in terms of Centigrade instead of the Fahrenheit scale with which they are intuitively and viscerally familiar. It’s important to show them the smaller Centigrade numbers, so they won’t immediately “get” just how high these temperatures we are talking about really are. It is much more important to get them to use the “correct” temperature scale than to effectively convey the magnitude of the problem in terms that they can readily understand.
10. 10
Hank, thanks. It’s interesting that this is also on the heels of the Lake El’gygytgyn paper, which seems to be similar in many ways. I actually had the same question in that case, but I could tell from the paper itself that the proxies went back at least as recently as the 10,000 ya.
I’ll have to see if I can beg/borrow a copy of the paper from someone.
[Response: Actually there is great story (or three) to be told about the ‘Lake E’ results. The difficulties in getting that core are not widely appreciated! – gavin]
11. 11
flxible says:
SA – I’m aware of the problem you point out, being an American by birth and a Canadian by choice, but is 20F or 45F going to raise any uneducated American eyebrows? Might sound real nice to a Texan about now. And the “instant translation” is no doubt what tripped LH above. Maybe there could be “popularized translations” into “American” where all stated temperatures were in F? Someday the US will finally generally adopt the C scale, but reading papers with both scales included does disrupt the smoothness of my [and others] thought processes – maybe because I understand both.
12. 12
I don’t think LH was confused by the translation from C to F. We’ll see if he/she comes back and elaborates.
13. 13
Matthew says:
I know I’m just a dumb American, but I’m perfectly fluent in both centigrade and Fahrenheit, and I can even get along in Kelvin or Rankine if necessary. It’s a pity the rest of the world is so easily confused by the mere suggestion of an alternate temerature scale.
14. 14
thomas hine says:
What was the obliquity? Seems like with no tilt, then it doesn’t really matter what the inferred CO2 was is, it’s not causitive but reactive? And no, CO2 could/will not be a forcing on the scale of obliquity (as the precautionary principle seem to lead many here to believe, not speaking of you directly as the article author)?
15. 15
sidd says:
1) How long did these warm episodes last ? The graph indicates on the order of 1e4-1e5 yr ?
2) How rapid was the onset of these periods ? or is the data not fine enough to tell ?
16. 16
Amelia says:
Perhaps it would be useful to add that this study is consistent with both deep sea records from around Antarctica (Shevenell et al., 2004 among others) as well as terrestrial records from the Dry Valleys (Lewis et al., 2008). So now we have evidence from different proxies, phases (biogenic carbonates to organic biomarkers to pollen assemblage data), and sediments from different environments (terrestrial to marine) that all show a consistent pattern of climate change in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica during the middle Miocene climate optimum. It is now important for us to determine if this response was similar around Antarctica.
While Middle Miocene CO2 levels need (require) more study, it is important to remember that other forcings and/or feedbacks may also be important.
The ANDRILL record (this study, and the program in generally) is extremely important because it is a proximal marine record that links the terrestrial and deep sea records. We are finally able to recover high quality marine sediments from the Antarctic continental margin that are giving us important opportunities to integrate climate proximal to Antarctica’s ice sheets with detailed records from deep sea sediments from lower latitudes. This is one of MANY high quality studies that have come or are coming out of the ANDRILL program.
To the person who wanted to donate money, contact the ANDRILL program at the University of Nebraska… Alternatively, as a new Assistant Professor, I am currently accepting donations from unconventional sources. Government funds are getting harder to come by these days :)
17. 17
Skibird pilot says:
I would like to point out a correction to the false-color map of Antarctica accompanying the post headline. Siple Dome is presented on the wrong side of the Ross Ice Shelf, it should be marked on the “grid west” side, in the general vicinity of Byrd and WAIS camps.
The dot currently marked “Siple” looks closer to CTAM/Beardmore.
Just a minor comment on an excellent, informative post! Thanks.
[Response: Oops. You are indeed correct. The map came from the article SI, and so someone else will need to fix it (I’ll let them know). In the meantime, I’ll swap in a more correct map… Thanks – gavin]
18. 18
dbostrom says:
If you have not already, consider RocketHub. I just ran into another project that was doing fundraising there and had stellar results; astonishing how much money is laying about idle in the pockets of bystander enthusiasts.
19. 19
Russell says:
One interesting response of the Miocene biosphere to the thermal stress was the contraction of the equatorial biome to the few plants that could take the heat- in Borneo and Sumatra it reverted into the cycad monotreme that fossilized into the ultraslow sulfur coal strata mined today.
20. 20
Chris Colose says:
Thanks for this fascinating post on the methodology behind your findings.
What’s really interesting about the warm climates prior to the ice core record (but not too far back….following say, the Eocene-Oligocene transition) is that it probably provides a good template for the long term tail in the future of the Anthropocene (in the absence of geo-engineering strategies). I have in mind the century to millennial timescale response to unabated CO2 emissions.
Substantial evidence exists that the peak warming should increase linearly with our CO2 emissions, peaking at ~2 C per trillion tons carbon emitted, but with global temperature “locked” into that new state even as emissions go to zero. Concerning the longer-term feedbacks, what’s really important for the type of “concentration thresholds” (e.g., 350 ppm, 450 ppm) that some people have proposed is that those concentrations remain elevated above the threshold of choice for thousands of years. Some of these “CO2 targets” are largely based on the threshold CO2 values that were required to initiate Antarctic glaciation.
Another thing to keep in mind is that the Miocene and Pliocene may provide evidence for multiple equilibria in the climate system. The presence of “small but hidden bifurcations” would be extremely interesting. Despite the proxy uncertainty, CO2 values were probably maintained below 700-800 ppm during the entire time period discussed here up until the present. This is true for CO2 proxies based on Boron, stomata, phytoplankton, and others. Plate tectonics is not too different and solar irradiance was not radiatively distinguishable from present-day values. Because of the logarithmic relationship between CO2 concentration and its impact on outgoing radiation, it’s difficult to argue that these fundamental boundary conditions conspired to produce much more than a modern-day equivalent of a doubling of CO2. Yet the climate was much different. Not only is global mean temperature in excess of modern by many degrees, but sea level is much higher (+10-30 m, at least in the Pliocene) implying substantially less ice cover, the meridional temperature gradient is suppressed, and the dynamics is different than today (e.g., a “permanent El Nino like” zonal SST pattern in the Pliocene).
To the extent that multiple states exist, it is very unlikely that the same CO2 threshold that initiated Antarctic glaciation would be the same as the threshold going the other way.
A lot of this seems way out there in terms of timescale, but just think if the Vikings decided to engage in some sort of activity that put us on a climate branch like the Pliocene or Miocene.
21. 21
mitch says:
To enlarge on the Colose comment–the paleoclimate record shows that the earth can maintain a warmer equilibrium for millions of years, but we don’t understand how the feedbacks rearrange themselves. The Pliocene is more familiar because it behaves like what we would expect from mildly higher greenhouse gases maintained for a long period. The Miocene is uncomfortable because it appears unstable. But, the warm temperatures lasted for multiple millions of years, in addition to even warmer intervals.
22. 22
LH says:
The answer is I’m just an idiot who was reading this while doing other work. It’s like speaking a foreign language – if I truly understand Spanish, I don’t convert it to English in my head. I’m fine with the metric system, so if you tell me 67 kilometers I just know how far that is; I don’t try to convert it to miles. But telling me Celsius is like telling me a word that I convert to English in my head, leaving me open to screw up.
Thanks everyone!
23. 23
thingsbreak says:
This was a great guest article. Thanks to Sarah for contributing it and RealClimate for hosting it.
It’s nice to read climate stories that aren’t driven by “skeptic” fulminating, and I’m glad to see more of them at RC.
24. 24
David B. Benson says:
Something to keep in mind is that priot to about 4 mya there was a near-equatorial seaway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. That alone would result in a quite different climate I should think.
25. 25
Patrick says:
This is all the more interesting because of C4 carbon fixation in plants. There’s some thought that relatively low available CO2 was instrumental in the evolution of C4 carbon fixation, but it’s hardly settled, especially because the C4 pathway evolved independently in different families of plants.
“C4 plants arose around 25 to 32 million years ago[10] during the Oligocene (precisely when is difficult to determine) and did not become ecologically significant until around 6 to 7 million years ago, in the Miocene Period.[10]…Today, C4 plants represent about 5% of Earth’s plant biomass and 3% of its known plant species.[13][9] Despite this scarcity, they account for about 30% of terrestrial carbon fixation.[10]”
26. 26
Doug Proctor says:
A summer temperature of 7C along the coast of Antarctica: does that not say that the Antarctic ice sheets were very much present? Greenland gets warm along the coast, too, and the ice is present still: could not the increased humidity make the center of the Antarctic land mass have thicker ice than now?
Was ice rafting of fines obvious or obviously absent?
27. 27
Hank Roberts says:
Amelia, another science-funding site here I’ve sent money through:
Paleontology category has no project listed yet.
It’s screened, might be worth a little time to inquire:
28. 28
Hank Roberts says:
(note, “Petridish” is a for-profit; don’t know any details about that)
29. 29
Titus says:
If temperatures were higher with less ice I understand that sea levels would be increased as we have defined under our current global warming scenarios. In this case the Antarctic Coast would have a completely different profile than today.
Does this work give any insights to the mechanisms of the process of sea level changes?
30. 30
Hank Roberts says:
> any insights to the mechanisms of the process
Sure; look at the online pictures of cores and the magnified images of what makes up the layers, and what changes between layers. Lots.
31. 31
Titus says:
Hank @30
Having read the article my curiosity was sparked by the statement that the sediments were 400m below sea level. Therefore I’m understanding that sea level dropped with cooling and the formation of ice.
This appears to go against the prediction of our models which predict the opposite effect.
I must be missing something basic here. Any thoughts welcome.
32. 32
Titus says:
Correction to previous post.
Should read “sea level increase with the cooling” not dropped!!!!
33. 33
Hank Roberts says:
Titus, the sediment drill started at 400m because that is the water depth to the present sea bed from the surface.
That doesn’t mean that sea level has changed by 400 meters.
34. 34
Martin Vermeer says:
Titus #33,
See this picture, which shows where the water goes to when a continental ice sheet melts.
Yes, sea level comes down as it gets colder, but at the edge of a growing ice sheet, the land subsides faster still… it’s complicated ;-)
35. 35
Martin Vermeer says:
Actually it’s even more complicated… not only does the land go down, but sea water is attracted by the mass of the growing ice sheet, and piles up at the margin. See here.
36. 36
Titus says:
Thank you Hank and Martin for your replies.
I found Martin’s link @35 a very useful reference.
As a layman in this respect I think I’ll just accept Martin’s advice that this is ‘complicated':)
37. 37
Hank Roberts says:
You can find plenty to read about this kind of thing. Here’s one from a while back nicely illustrated:
Let me see if I can oversimplify here off the top of my head, a common source for such stuff — and perhaps the scientists will be kind enough to laugh and correct my errors.
So start off with an ice free Antarctica — there’s a bunch of large islands and rivers from them drain into the ocean between them and around them. Eventually something changes — the continental drift moves the whole area toward the South Pole, the Earth’s orbit and inclination vary a tiny bit, the area starts to snow more and more, and the ocean between the islands starts to freeze over longer. Eventually the ocean surface stays frozen and the snow starts to build up year after year. After a while the ice gets so thick that, as its own weight builds up, the mass of floating ice pushes downward.
First it pushes the water under it out toward the edges, wherever it can escape; eventually the ice and the water under it start compressing whatever was there into mud and squeezing the mud along with the water out toward the edges of the ice cap. Out at the edges where the ice isn’t as thick, whatever’s being squozen extrudes and spreads out into a river delta at the level of the seabed.
As the ice cap builds larger and wider the ice in contact with the rock advances in all directions toward the edge, grinding and scraping in some places. The bottom of the ice and the water and sediment pushing out ahead of it carve up the seabed.
Then things warm up a bit; the ice retreats along the sea floor, some of it melts from below in the ocean leaving a surface sheet of ice. Whatever likes living in the ocean gets into that water under the ice, some of it dies, and you get a sediment layer full of shells and droppings and whatnot — living organisms make much of that sediment.
Then things warm more, the surface floating ice clears off intermittently at least, and you get an ocean making a sediment layer full of stuff hhat lives along the edge of forming or melting ice, or in blooms during springtime, and also all the organisms that live off of what blooms in the spring there. Different kind of sediment layer.
Then at some point it gets colder longer; there’s more pressure on the ice cap, more mud squeezed out, more ice in contact with the rock pressing out toward the edge. Surface ice stays longer, different kind of sediment layer forms.
Every now and then a slope fails and a mass of muddy water — a “turbidity current” — takes off downslope tearing away and rearranging everything for a great distance, recarving the surface. (One measure of these was when one happened recently and a series of ocean telecommunication cables got broken by it, one after another, over a very long distance.)
38. 38
PDG says:
Was antarctica any distance from the pole that long back? Given continental drift.
39. 39
40. 40
Titus says:
Thanks again for the reply Hank. Food for thought.
If, as you show, Antarctica is in the same place then the climate must have been very different from what we have today.
In my early education we were taught a theory that the earth had a canopy of water vapor which had the effect of keeping the whole earth in a warm balance. At some point the canopy collapsed and the vapor turned to water and filled the oceans.
This kind of fits as it means the plants would have been in abundance and the seal level lower. Would this theory hold any water? Please excuse the pun!!
41. 41
42. 42
Titus says:
Hank @41.
My question was; “can this theory hold any water” when considering these latest discoveries. It does seem to fit very well.
Reading through some of your links it appears to be an open question. The last time I heard about it was from a park guide at Muir Woods in California (home of the giant Redwoods) who gave a very compelling talk on the likelihood of this climate model. Pity it gets negatively linked to Creationism and therefore easily dismissed in many folks minds.
43. 43
David B. Benson says:
Titus @42 — Water vapor is (almost) entirely controlled by temperature. The evaporated H2O fairly rapidly condenses out as precipitation.
In the distant past there was more CO2 in the atmosphere than at any time up to a few years ago. The carbon cycle is not well understood, at least by me, but it is clear that CO2 levels have been gradually decreasing, on average, for the past 50+ million years. This is thought to be related to the formation of the Himalayan mountains starting at that time.
44. 44
Hank Roberts says:
You need to find the book that part of your early education came from. See if it has been revised since you were taught that. Science works that way, and there will be much new and different compared to what youngsters were taught years ago.
If what’s taught today is no different that your early education, it’s not science.
A librarian can help you with this. I can’t.
45. 45
Patrick 027 says:
Re 13 Matthew – YES! (Rankine is one up on me – although I understand how it’s constructed, I almost never see it.)
Re 14 thomas hine
– no tilt? Earth, so far as I know anyone knows, has always had significant tilt (maybe not Mars? If the Earth had no moon, the effects of the other planets would lead to wild obliquity variations over time. I suspect that’s not necessarily a general principle of large moons, though. I don’t know exactly what causes the obliquity variability in detail, but in general, precession (that component not caused by the shift in the semimajor axis) is caused by tidal forces of mainly the moon and sun acting on Earth’s equatorial bulge. Since the Earth’s orbit about the sun and the moon’s orbit about the Earth are not coplanar, the moon and sun would independently cause the Earth’s axial wobble to be about different axes, leading to variations in tilt with respect to the other – however, the lunar orbit’s inclination responds to the sun’s tidal force (tidal relative to the Earth-moon barycenter) by wobbling about the same axis (perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane) that it causes Earth’s axis to wobble about. So in a rough time-averaged way the moon’s effect should be the same as the sun’s (in terms of direction). But there could be some terms that don’t cancel out when integrating effects over time, given the eccentricities of the orbits, etc(?). But then again, maybe it’s the other planets(?). Also, the Earth’s orbital inclination wobbles due to the other planets – I’d imagine this would affect obliquity in some way. Over geologic time, at perhaps varyind rates owing to continental drift and some other factors (Earth’s spin via coriolis effect’s role in Kelvin waves, and Earth-moon distance itself is very important), the dissipation of tidal energy combined with transfer of angular momentum has sent the moon farther from the Earth and caused the Earth’s spin to slow, which affects precession and obliquity cycles; I don’t know if there’s been any long term obliquity trend from that – maybe early on right after the moon formed? Any celestial mechanics out there to help clarify?
– Co2 not matter? Impossible! (tilt or not) – it absorbs and emits radiation in accordance with the Planck function, Kirchoff’s law (regarding thermal radiation) (most of the atmosphere is close to LTE via high rates of molecular collisions relative to other processes), and Schwarzchild’s equation (regarding optical path length, in case there’s another equation), with, for the absorption band most important in Earth-like conditions, optical cross section peaking near 15 microns and, averaging over individual lines, gaps, and wobbles, approximatly halving per some interval of the spectrum, so that each doubling effectively widens the bite that CO2 takes out of OLR by that amount (basically the same for net tropopause level upward LW flux and surface downward LW flux, although that’s not a bite but an addition – anyway it’s the change in tropopause level flux after stratospheric adjustment (equal to OLR change after stratospheric adjustment) that’s the most important for global average surface temperature because of the way convection can respond to radiative heating), causing an accumulation of energy until the OLR (via temperature increase – the Planck response) and solar heating return to rough time-averaged global balance, given whatever (non-Planck respons) feedbacks (lapse rate, water vapor, clouds, snow/ice, vegetation, etc.) occur.
– “not causitive but reactive?”
it’s both over various time scales; mainly causative over short time scales w/ respect to climate, but it must always react to something (like humans digging up and burning fossil fuels).
– “CO2 could/will not be a forcing on the scale of obliquity”
Who said it was? Although for modelling purposes, if you know how CO2 varied, you can enter it into a model as a forcing (academically, distinction between forcing and feedback can depend on your purposes or what question you are trying to answer or explain, etc.), or you can use climate + model to try to infer CO2 (+CH4, etc.) – generally, as long as you aren’t doing both for the same time period, it’s not circular, I think.
-“(as the precautionary principle seem to lead many here to believe,”
One has nothing to do with the other. Precaution pertains to action given uncertainty, it doesn’t eliminate that uncertainty.
Re 19 Russell – cycad monotreme – is that cycads with monotremes? (I find cycads interesting as I’m not sure offhand if I’ve ever seen one in person).
Re 25 Patrick – “the C4 pathway evolved independently in different families” I didn’t know that; thanks. I wonder about CAM now… (don’t need to reply, I’ll look it up when I get around to it).
Re 40/42 Titus – I heard of that water shell idea, and it was in the context of making a somewhat literal interp. of the Bible seem scientific.
But with an open mind and some fun with physics:
saturation water vapor pressure (w/ respect to a flat surface of pure liquid water) only depends on temperature, not total air pressure, hence the upper atmosphere above the tropopause could become very enriched with water vapor without having it condense (although this would be hard to maintain over a long time, I’d think (?)). Also a relative lack of CCN might allow supersaturation to some extent – I have no idea what extent (as it is, cloud formation can/does require some supersaturation – see ‘Kohler curve’, cloud droplet vs haze particle)
But outside CH4 oxidation, water generally comes from the ocean and works it’s way up through the troposphere into the stratosphere, with most being squeezed out along the way due to condensation such as when following a moist adiabatic ascent – hence water vapor concentration falls ‘precipitously’ with height up through the troposphere. Maybe H2O mixing ratio can increase with height in the stratosphere due to CH4 oxidation or due to localized injections from below that don’t have larger regional effects on the intervening layer (??). Falling space material can be a source.
But molecules bearing H can be broken up, given the energy of some shorter wavelengths of solar radiation, and the H can escape to space (at a rate that increases with the abundance of H-bearing species in the upper atmosphere – see “Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth” – Catling, et. al. – )
Also, consider that if you have too much column H2O in the upper atmosphere, the pressure necessarily increases (not adiabatically – heat can be radiated away given a little time) from it’s weight, and the first part of this speculation would fail to apply – it would condense out. A rough estimate of the maximum H2O you could store up there could be gotten by taking some representative temperature at the lower portion of where it would be and finding the equilibrium vapor pressure – the weight of the water can’t be greater than that.
And note that while the air isn’t circulated and mixed as vigorously up there as it is below, it does mover around – in particular, mechanical energy radiating as fluid waves transports some of the work output of the tropospheric heat engine upward where it runs an upper-atmospheric heat pump. There are the hemispheric meridionally-overturning Brewer-Dobson circulation and a global overturning above that which will replace much of the upper atmospheric air with air from below within … I don’t know the time period but it’s certainly not too long climatologically and short geologically. In fact, everything below roughly ~ 100 km height is called the ‘homosphere’ because of how well mixed it all is – except for things like water vapor and ozone, whose chemical/physical reactivity and associated concentrations of source and sink can stay a step ahead of mixing. Above the ‘turbopause’ is the heterosphere, where molecular diffusion dominates over turbulent mixing and the composition varies with height with each ‘species’ tending toward a seperate hydrostatic balance (perturbed by sources and sinks, I think).
Bringing it half-way back to the original topic, I read something a couple of years ago or so about the idea that (localized) glaciation can limit mountain height. I wonder if some higher mountain ranges prior the the Pleistocene might have increased atmospheric poleward heat transport via quasi-stationary waves.
46. 46
Jim Larsen says:
42 Titus,
Yes, all true. It happened about 3.8 billion years ago, though “warm” was probably near molten lava temps.
47. 47
David B. Benson says:
Jim Larsen @46 — Merely boiling hot methinks.
48. 48
Patrick 027 says:
re my 45 –
Re 14 thomas hine “Earth,“…”has always had significant tilt
Well, maybe not before the moon-forming impact (??)
– meaning variations in other conditions could allow the Earth to have a relatively steady obliquity without the Moon.
from here:
go to
“Peter Ward and Donald Brownlees’s “Rare Earth” – essay review, James F. Kasting
see p.5/15 – if the moon-forming impact hadn’t occured, Earth’s spin may have been slower at first, but wouldn’t have slowed as much over geologic time and could be fast enough today to avoid wild obliquity changes. (A TV show on the subject of the Moon actually went so far as to specify how fast the Earth spun before the impact – I don’t have the notes in front of me but I think they said an 8 (?) hour day, which might have led to a 12 (?) hour day now, whereas after the moon forming impact it was a 6 (?) hour day and slowed to 24 hour day so far (evidence from tidal rhythmites suggests an 18 hour day something like 900 Ma – I don’t know the source for this)
So if the Earth spun fast enough we wouldn’t need the Moon to prevent such wild obliquity variations. I don’t know if/how adjusting other parts of the solar system could/would do the same.
Re 40/42 Titus
– based on the assumption of 100 % H2O above that level. Adjust for differing conditions. more exact: calculate saturation vapor pressure as function of height (according to known or chosen temperature profile) and where it intersects atmospheric pressure – above is 100 % H2O and below the saturation vapor pressure is the partial pressure of water vapor (maximum allowable in equilibrium). Careful about summing amounts over height, because:
partial pressure, locally, is equal to total pressure * molar fraction
total pressure (in hydrostatic balance) is equal to the weight (mass*g) per unit area of overlying substance.
For example, with preindustrial CO2 around 280 ppmv, and being approximately well mixed in most of the atmosphere, the partial pressure of CO2 near sea level (absent local sources or sinks) would be approximately 0.28 mb (average sea level pressure is a little over 1000 mb, or 1 bar, or 100 kPa. 1013 mb is closer; it’s 1013.something mb). However, the mass of all the CO2 in the atmosphere contributes a larger amount to the total pressure because the molecular mass is greater than the average air molecule (from memory and by approximation, 44 g/mol / 29 g/mol * 280 ppm mol/mol * 1000 mb = 44/29 * 0.28 mb ~= 0.42(48) mb. H2O is the opposite; it’s molar mass is ~ 18 g/mol (and it’s molar fraction is highly variable, of course).
specific humidity
mixing ratio – but see also
absolute humidity – the molar version of this is one way to define concentration (as in mol/L) – however earlier I refered to concentration when I meant a relative concentration, as in partial pressure/total pressure.
Except perhaps charged particles. I don’t know a lot about that, but when mean free paths get long enough, the effect of the magnetic field starts to show; they locally follow helical paths. This happens to electrons below where it happens to ions, and in between the wind can move ions differently than electrons – this gives rise to the E-region dynamo.
49. 49
Patrick 027 says:
Re Jim Larsen – the timing may have been a bit different than that
“The Hadean-Archaean Environment”, Norman H. Sleep
suggests liquid water was able to form soon (~10 Myr) after the moon-forming impact, however with enough remaining vapor and CO2 above, the boiling point would be higher.
See also
“Initiation of clement surface conditions on the earliest Earth”
Sleep et al.
50. 50
Patrick 027 says:
Re my 45 re 14 – But there could be some terms that don’t cancel out when integrating effects over time, given the eccentricities of the orbits, etc(?) if I may indulge in tying up a loose end –
Interesting point – the rate of precession pulsates (or at least, it should given the physics – perhaps it is masked by Chandler wobble? – I don’t know) over short time periods. The tidal torque a mass raises on a planet via it’s equatorial bulge is maximum when the mass is overhead at ~ 45 deg latitude (assuming the shape of the planet deviates from spherical with a vertical displacement that is approximately sinusoidal over latitude, which I think is close to accurate, though am not 100 % sure – because I’ve never gone through the math including the amplifying graviational effects of the bulge itself) – it is zero if over the pole or in the equatorial plane. Aside from the effects of eccentricity, Solar-driven precession thus peaks at solstices and is zero at the equinoxes, and in general when obliquity itself is largest, and lunar driven precession relative to the lunar orbital plane (which can cause obliquity to change when not in the plane of Earth’s orbit) peaks when the moon is highest above or below the equatorial plane, and in general when the lunar orbit is tilted opposite the Earth’s tilt.
Meanwhile (if I’ve got this right) the planets collectively ought to cause Earth’s axis to tend to wobble about the angular momentum vector for all (other) planets (excluding intrinsic spins – equatorial bulges have gravity and Earth’s contributes to changes in the orbits of satellites, but for interplanetary interactions the effect should be second-order or less relative to positions, I’d think), and cause the Earth’s orbit (I picture it as a tidal torque on the Eart-Sun system (or Earth-Moon-Sun, actually, and it is the Earth-Moon system’s orbit about the sun) to wobble similarly (at a different rate, and this itself changes Earth’s obliquity independent of torques on the Earth), although ultimately all planetary orbits wobble about the angular momentum vector for all including themselves because those causing wobbles also wobble (but they don’t fall down!). And while total angular momentum is linearly proportional to masses and velocities and positions (though velocities do depend on positions differently), gravity is proportional to distance^-2 and linearized tidal acceleration to distance^-3 – and deviations from such a linear approximation get large when the distance is not so much larger than the dimensions of the system being torqued (and it’s interesting when the tide-producer is inside the system). So perhaps one way to describe it is that planets individually wobble somewhat about the whole but especially about the nearest neighbors, and larger and larger groupings ultimately wobble about the whole (?).
Okay, done.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42111 | Question re: 'Thor' post credits sequence by EveryoneLovesGaymond in marvelstudios
[–]karlfranks 0 points1 point (0 children)
I assume originally the Avengers would have featured Loki controlling Selvig from the start, maybe to get insider information about the whereabouts of the Tesseract, how it's being protected, etc. Then, when actually in production they streamlined the plot to just Loki shows up, and THEN starts controlling people.
How I feel about AoU, IM3 and the great Tony Stark [Minor Spoilers] by gnirwin in marvelstudios
[–]karlfranks 27 points28 points (0 children)
Yes but that was the "clean slate protocol". Tony needed a clean slate and got rid of the suits that he created as a distraction to try and prepare for every eventuality after the experiences of The Avengers.
"Don't forget how due process has no meaning either, and 'shaming' someone for a rape with no proof they did anything is acceptable." [+35] by postsaurian in ShitRedditSays
[–]karlfranks 10 points11 points (0 children)
As a British person I'm continually shocked and confused at America's obsession with being able to carry concealed firearms. Whenever I've visited America I try to forget conceal carry laws, since it's a fucking terrifying prospect. At least if you see someone openly carrying a gun it's like "ok, they have a gun I can see they have a gun" but then you suddenly remember it's ok to carry concealed weapons and it's "oh shit, just how many people do you think could actually have weapons here and I have no idea??".
As an aside, the amount of cops you see in America carrying guns (and not even small handguns, but fucking assault rifles) doesn't make me feel safe at all. This is not to say British police are any better than American police, but at least here you generally only see armed police at places with high security like at airports or major sporting events such as when we hosted the Olympics. I much prefer living in a country where it's a huge controversy when police shoot someone and not a daily occurrence.
Delicious Revenge (Sips Plays Sid Meier's Pirates! - Part 14) by sips_bot in sips
[–]karlfranks 20 points21 points (0 children)
sips to be honest i'm a little worried about your obsession with the governor of tortuga's daughter
does your wife know about her
do you make your wife dress up like her and you dance the night away doing all your signature moves like the moonwalk, but you know deep's just not the same...
BBC axes Never Mind the Buzzcocks after 20 years by Hedgehogkilla in unitedkingdom
[–]karlfranks 0 points1 point (0 children)
They could easily be pirating TV shows when they're first aired abroad, as opposed to waiting months or years for them to be aired here and even then they could end up on something like Sky and what's the point in paying for Sky just to watch a couple of shows
(Spoilers All) Carice Van Houten revealing Melisandre's arc in interview? Or just being coy in the last statement. by yetanotherwoo in asoiaf
[–]karlfranks 5 points6 points (0 children)
As most people believe Melisandre has some form of glamour, could it be she won't die but we'll see her true appearance? It'd line up with Carice's statement of IF she returns, which would be a simpler return than bringing her back to life
The New Google Photos App Will Automatically Group Your Images By Faces And Recognized Objects Like Cars, Skylines, And Food by hamzatariq14 in Android
[–]karlfranks 22 points23 points (0 children)
OK I've been staring at this comment thread for a few minutes now, is there a reference I'm missing?
Brasiliano Down (Sips Plays Sid Meier's Pirates! - Part 12) by sips_bot in sips
[–]karlfranks 19 points20 points (0 children)
before everyone rips their dick off over sips paying for repairs in an english city when he could get them free in a french one, he said he bulk recorded stuff this week since he's at mcm this weekend so this was likely recorded before the last episode went out and everyone pointed out his mistake
Louise Mensch accused of bullying Milifandom leader on Twitter by Hedgehogkilla in ukpolitics
[–]karlfranks 7 points8 points (0 children)
I'd say it's definitely bullying if you're a columnist for a major newspaper threatening to write about a 17 year old over what? The semantics of the fact someone else technically used the hashtag "milifandom" first but this girl took to turning into a larger campaign? The fact after a Sun journalist showed up at their grandmother's house (despite them apparently never tweeting their full name, their location, etc), they tweeted a picture of their business card to prove it and quickly deleted it and apologised after realising it had the journalist's personal contact details, something Louise Mensch thinks is "doxing"?
It's about to get real by trooper843 in aww
[–]karlfranks 6 points7 points (0 children)
people on here get so wound up over made up internet points and complaining about reposts, so why downvote someone pointing out they themselves checked their post wasn't reposted??
MCM Comic Con: Meet us! by lukadarkwater in Yogscast
[–]karlfranks 28 points29 points (0 children)
Trott really does need those acting lessons...
For those wondering what a cheeky nandos is. by grusbil in sips
[–]karlfranks 2 points3 points (0 children)
honestly the weirdest thing about this whole thing as a british person is the fact cheeky nandos has been a thing for quite a while and yet has somehow managed to fly under the internet radar and only made a dent in british meme culture, and now suddenly it's exploded everywhere
If they were able to get Samuel L Jackson on for two episodes... by FallenCamel in shield
[–]karlfranks 11 points12 points (0 children)
To be honest, unless Coulson makes another movie appearance, I just don't see any major film characters appearing in the show. Considering Coulson's death was a major plot point of the show, and it's seemingly still a secret to the Avengers (didn't Sif promise not to tell Thor?) I don't see how any of them could show up unless it's in some form of pre-Winter Soldier flashback (similar to the Peggy Carter flashback at the start of this season, something like Hawkeye and Black Widow finding some artefact or person who's then important in AoS). They could theoretically get one of the newer Avengers, like Scarlet Witch, but then you have the issue of "but if they know Shield exist again etc why do they never mention it to the rest of the Avengers if they need backup"
That, and as everyone else has suggested - contracts and CGI constraints.
Why ABC didn't make the 'Agents of SHIELD' spinoff by Melanismdotcom in marvelstudios
[–]karlfranks 0 points1 point (0 children)
Cloak and Dagger were listed as one of the properties Marvel wanted to make a film of when they started the MCU
"The Big Bang Theory is a show about smart people for dumb people; Community is a show about dumb people for smart people" by bee_like in community
[–]karlfranks 299 points300 points (0 children)
1. Fan elitism is so sad and cringe worthy, there's this whole common thread of "I'm so great because I watch this one TV show, people who watch another TV show are dumb". You don't have to put down a TV show other people like when talking about something you like.
2. I'm pretty certain I originally saw that quote a few years ago used in reference to Arrested Development (which makes a lot more sense with the "smart show about dumb people" narrative) and it must have been misquoted or changed along the way to be about Community.
(SPOILERS) Avengers: Age of Ulton - Scenes from the trailers that either aren't in or differ somehow from the finished film. by redditmason in movies
[–]karlfranks 1 point2 points (0 children)
The one that really stood out for me was when Bruce had just finished shaving and him and Natasha are talking and it cuts to a shot from inside the bathroom for seemingly no reason other than to get the Gillette shaving cream in shot.
I am Sam Sheffer. I'm the social media manager for The Verge. Ask me anything! by samsheffer in IAmA
[–]karlfranks -2 points-1 points (0 children)
Do you think Periscope is going to still be successful in say maybe a year or so? Or is it the current fad and we'll all soon move on to something else? |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42169 | AIG Insurance
Introduction To AIG Insurance
AIG Insurance, sometimes called AIG Direct, is an insurance group perhaps best known as the Manchester United kit sponsors, are an American insurance company with national operations in a large number of countries (such as AIG UK).
Their full name is the American International Group, and are one of the largest companies in the American insurance market, and are in turn either owners or shareholders in some of the best known brands and companies, including Ocean Finance, London City Airport and the Peoples Insurance Company of China.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42179 | Rhapsody App for
Rhapsody International, Inc.
Old Mr. Mackle Hackle
Old Mr. Mackle Hackle by Gunnar Madsen
Released: Oct 1999
Label: G-Spot Records
Gunnar Madsen's a co-founder of the Bobs and a great solo performer in his own right, as evidenced by his first kids' album. Save this release for those times when your kid's bouncing off the walls and dumping grape jelly down her pants. This album promises to focus your child's natural kookiness, offering gems like "Born to Chew" and "Elephant Traffic Jam" that up the silly ante with a host of goofy noises that will, unfortunately, inspire your child's knack for imitation. Good fun.
Sarah Bardeen
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42180 | Rhapsody App for
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Sarah Lee Guthrie
It must be a bit hard to be Johnny Irion. He's just as much a part of Sarah Lee Guthrie's musical project as is the woman herself. Problem is, he's not the offspring of Arlo Guthrie (nor the grandchild of Woody Guthrie) as is his wife. Sarah Lee wove herself into the family tapestry with her debut album in 2001 but her sophomore release recorded with Irion is the one loaded with the big guns. Jayhawks' frontman Gary Louris produced it alongside Minneapolis music staple, Ed Ackerson. But don't believe for one second that she's trading on her family name the way Hank Williams III has. She in fact sang on her father's 1981 album, Power Of Love, as well as on a children's' album of her grandfather's musings entitled Woody's 20 Grow Big Songs. She even worked as Arlo's tour manager for a while and performed with him numerous times. But it wasn't until her first two solo albums that she found her own voice (OK, maybe she found a little bit of Natalie Merchant's voice in finding her own voice, but you know what we mean), especially with 2005's Exploration which blends warm Jayhawksesque alt country production with tinges of Ackerson's ability to channel the intergalactic sounds of innovation.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42205 | Author Diana Pharaoh Francis is set to continue her Horngate Witches series with a third installment titled Shadow City.
The urban fantasy series stands out because of the way the apocalypse, that sets the stage for the series, takes place. Rather than a natural or man-made disaster, Francis asked herself "what if all of [the disasters] weren't really natural? What if someone or something was causing them?" Thus, in the Horngate series, a divine power has instituted an apocalypse to clear the world of the masses of humans.
Francis drew inspiration from authors Robin McKinley and Ilona Andrews, who each created futures where magic and technology mixed. But Francis was interested in how that type of future came to be. "One of the things I've had a great time with is being able to bring in mythical beings from all of the world's folklore, including angels, redcaps, hags, native American critters, and some others."
The series focuses on the fate of a rebellious coven. When the Horngate coven chooses not to aid the divine powers in wiping out humanity, the coven then must then pay for its disobedience.
The series' heroine, Max, was created to help protect the coven from the divine backlash. She's a supernatural warrior who is bound to one of the Horngate witches. Francis says of Max, "she is angry and tough and flawed and she's struggling with making decisions she doesn't want to have to make ... she's torn between this duty that's been thrust upon her, and her own need for revenge."
Series first, Bitter Night, was an RT nominee for Best Urban Fantasy 2009. Look for series second, Crimson Wind, in December of 2010. Shadow City is slated to follow at the end of 2011. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42210 | Sacred Texts Sagas and Legends Celtic Index Previous Next
He was out, as I have said, in the width and the height, the length and the breadth, the gloom and the gleam of the world. He fired arrows into the air. He leaped over ditches, he rolled down hillsides, he raced over level places until he came to what surprised him more than all the things in the world--a river. He had never seen such water before and he wondered to see it moving with swiftness. "Where is it going?" said Gilly of the Goatskin. "Does it go on like that in the night as well as in the day?" He ran by its side and shouted to the river. He saw a wide-winged bird flying across it. It was the bird that we call the crane or the heron. And as Gilly watched the great winged thing he saw that it held a little animal in its claws. Gilly fired an arrow and the crane dropped towards the ground. The little animal that was in its claws fell down. The crane rose up again and flew back across the river.
The little animal that had been in the claws of the crane came to Gilly of the Goatskin. It was smaller than the one-eyed cat that used to sit on the hearth of the Hag of the House. It kept its head up and was very bold-looking. "Good morning, Lad in the Goatskin," it said to Gilly, "you saved my life and I'm very thankful to you." "What are you?" said Gilly of the Goat-skin. "I'm the Weasel. I'm the boldest and bravest creature in this country. I'm the lion of these parts, I am. And," said the Weasel, "I never served anyone before, but I'll be your servant for a quarter of a year. Tell me what way you're going and I'll go with you." "I'm going the way he's going," said Gilly, nodding towards the river, "and I'll keep beside him till he wants to turn back." "Oh, then you'll have to go a long way," said the Weasel, "but I'll go with you no matter bow far you go." The Weasel walked by Gilly's side very bravely and very independently.
"Oh, look," said Gilly to the Weasel, "what is that that's in the water?"
The Weasel looked and saw a crystal egg in the shallows.
"It's an egg," said the Weasel, "I often eat one myself. I'll bring it up from the bottom to you. I'm good at carrying eggs."
The Weasel went into the water and put his mouth to the egg and tried to lift it. He could not move it. He tried to lift it with his paws as well as with his mouth; but this did not do either. He came up the bank then, and said to Gilly, "You'll think I'm a poor sort of a servant because I can't take an egg out of the water. But if I can't win one way I'll win another way." He went into the reeds by the river and he said, "Hear me, frogs! There's a great army coming to take you out of the reeds and eat you red and raw." Then Gilly saw the queer frogs lifting up their heads, "Oh, what will we do, what will we do?" they cried to the Weasel. "There's only one thing to be done," said the Weasel. "You gather up all the pebbles in the bed of the fiver and we'll make a big wail on the bank to defend you." The frogs dived into the water at once and dragged up pebbles. Gilly and the Weasel piled them on the bank. Then three frogs carried up the Crystal Egg. The Weasel took it from them when they left it on the bank. Then he climbed a tree and cried out to the frogs, "The army is frightened and is running away." "Oh, thank you, thank you," said the frogs, "we'll never forget your goodness to us." Then they sat down in the marsh and told each other what a narrow escape they all had.
The Weasel gave Gilly the Crystal Egg. It was heavy and he carried it for a while in his hand. They went on. After a while said Gilly of the Goatskin, "The night's coming on and the fiver shows no sign of turning back. I wish there was a nice place to shelter us." No sooner did he say the word than he and the Weasel found them-selves standing before the open door of a nice little house. They went in. A clear fire was burning on the hearth, an arm chair was before it, and a bed was made at the other side of the fire. "This is good," said Gilly, "and now I wish that we had something to eat." No sooner did he say the words than a table appeared with bread and meat, fruit and wine on it. "Where do these fine things come from, I wonder," said Gilly of the Goatskin. "It's my belief," said the Weasel, "that all these things come to us on account of the egg you have in your hand. It's a magic egg." Gilly of the Goatskin put the egg on the table and wished that he might see himself as he had seen himself in the river. Nothing appeared. Then he took the egg in his hand and wished again. And then there was a looking glass on the wall before him, and he saw himself in it better than he had seen himself in the river. Gilly of the Goatskin knew that he had only to hold the Crystal Egg in his hand and wish, to get all he could think of.
Next: Part VIII |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42255 | Skip to main content
Blog your way to feeling better
According to a recent pyschological study at the University of California - Los Angeles, keeping a journal or diary to express your feelings and experiences helps your brain cope with emotional challenges and, ultimately, make you happier. Apparently, the physical and mental act of working out our experiences on paper, be those memories trying or terrific, reduces the activity in the part of our brains responsible for controlling emotional intensity.
Why do people like to have sex?
Whatever asks:
Why do people like to have sex? I have always wondered this.
Abortion & Trauma: The Bigger Picture
Studies, and reports on them, like this amaze me. Of course, the pro-life blogs and sources are all over this already like white on rice.
Of COURSE a lot of women suffer long-term trauma with abortion, and of course it's longer-term than miscarrying (pity they didn't also include women's psychological states after childbirth, the first year of parenting and adoption).
You miscarry, everyone says, "Oh, I am so sorry." This is said whether you wanted to be pregnant, whether you planned to bring a pregnancy to term or not. This is not usually the case with abortion: in part because a lot of women don't -- can't -- tell anyone they have even had an abortion.
You are told again and again that a miscarriage is not your fault. Rarely are women told an abortion is not our fault. We are told miscarriage is okay, because it is out of our control. Because we chose to have an abortion somehow that negates the fact that the systems we l Read more...
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42272 | Witches' Brew
The Five
She awoke on her sixteenth birthday with a strange feeling deep down in the pit of her stomach. Something had happened. Something had changed. She got up and went into the bathroom where she stood in front of the mirror in shock. Her poker straight blonde hair had turned auburn, curly and she now had piercing green eyes from the baby blue she went to sleep with last night. As she stared at herself in disbelief her aunt came into her room to wish her a happy birthday. She also stood in disbelief at the bathroom door.
“Oh my god Nica, I thought it had skipped you, I thought you were safe from it!” she mumbled.
“What did you say? What do you mean skipped me?!” She turned sharply and stared intensely at her aunt Monica.
“I thought the gene had skipped you honey. I'm so sorry. I should have told you,” she stammered.
“WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO ME!!!” Nica screamed at the top of her lungs.
“It's the family gene/curse, whatever you want to call it. It happened to mostly every female in our family around the age of fourteen, I guessed you had been spared from it but I guess your just a late bloomer,” she tried to explain as Nica was pacing back and forth in front of her pulling her hair.
“What do you mean curse??” she squinted at her aunt.
“Sit down Nica please, I have to tell you something very important and you need to sit down,” Monica said grimly.
Nica sat on the edge of the bath with her short night shirt on as Monica put the lid down on the toilet to sit on it, she placed her hands on Nica's knees reassuringly.
“Nica sweetie, we are witches,” she said with a blank expression on her face, waiting on a reaction from Nica.
“WHAT!?” she squealed.
“We are witches,” Monica repeated again.
“What do you mean witches? Witches aren't real! It's all hocus pocus, make belief and stuff! Isn't it Monica?” she said quietly.
“We are very real honey, we just keep it a secret because of how people react like you just did and you are one of us. Do you understand why everyone thinks it's make believe?” she asked quizzically.
“Better and easier to think something isn't real than to try and understand it?” Nica said sounding a lot older and wiser than she is.
“Yeah Kiddo, much easier. But you have much to learn and I can teach you a lot more than you can even begin to imagine. You have two years of catching up to make up for,” Monica smirked as she spoke.
Nica raised her arched auburn eyebrows high with anticipation, excitement and a little disbelief. Aunt Monica told her to go in a shower and left her a dress on the bed for when she got out of the shower with a note saying “Come to the basement, ASAP M. x”
She picked up the little red and black shift dress and shook her head thinking this is definitely not my taste but put it on respectfully and headed down stairs to see what her Aunt Monica was up to. As she approached the basement she could hear a bubbling sound like a pot of water on the stove.
“Aunt Monica?.........Aunt Monica?.......” she called out but nothing, empty silence.
Nica opened the basement door to see Monica and two other women standing dressed in similar dresses, different colours but the same style. She was about to speak when Monica told her to be silent and enter the circle with perfect love and perfect trust. She walked in trusting her Aunt knowing she would never put her in danger, the three women looked at each other and nodded.
Each of the woman were beautiful and special in their own ways, Monica was of Italian/Scottish decent about forty years old with long dark hair and beautiful tanned olive skin and dark brown eyes. The second woman was called Tasha she was of Polish decent with pale skin, ice blonde hair and the most beautiful blue eyes, she was twenty eight. The third was Nali she was thirty two and of African decent with the most beautiful glowing dark chocolate skin, she looked good enough to eat, with hazel eyes that could hypnotize anyone. Then there was Nica sixteen years old Irish/Scottish decent auburn haired, pale skinned with piercing green eyes.
What do these four have in-common? Why they are all witches here to help initiate the newest of their kind into their world of spells, incantations, potions, lotions, love and lust.
Nica was sat on one of four chairs around a very old round table in the center of the room, the other women proceeded to sit as well after lighting candles, spreading salt around the circle and placing a knife and a chalice full of wine onto the table. Each of the woman took the knife in turn to cut their hand letting the blood drip into the chalice of wine, once all had placed their blood in the chalice they each took a drink asking for a certain power or wish.
Monica asked for power, to be the most powerful witch in the coven, Tasha asked for someone to love her more than anything in the world, Nali asked for the power to change, to shift and Nica well she may have been the youngest but she was the smartest, she asked to have the power over men. They all expected something to happen immediately, nothing, nothing but sheer disappointment.
They sat for an hour to see if anything would happen but sadly no it wasn't to be, they thought Nica would complete the circle but they were wrong. Nica didn't complete the circle she empowered it, she was the circle, she had the power and had not even realised until they decided to part ways until the next meeting.
Monica and Nica cleaned up after Tasha and Nali left disappointed they had been waiting for the day that the change happened to Nica but it hadn't happened when it was expected. When it had happened today their spirits were high with hope but again their hopes were dashed when the circle of power didn't work.
Nica went to bed early that night without dinner because she felt so exhausted and her aunt had told her it was to do with the change so never put anymore thought into it. The next morning she woke up and got ready to go back to school, she put on her usual clothes but realised her body had changed. Her little girl frame had disappeared, she now sported feminine curves with 36C breasts that appeared overnight and a tight little bubble butt and a small waist.
She tried to hide it under a jumper but there was no hiding those breasts so she decided to use her new body to her advantage, she went into Aunt Monica and asked to borrow clothes as she was still asleep she just waved her hand and mumbled yes. This gave Nica free reign of what to choose, she looked through Monica's closet and decided on a black pleated mini skirt, white fitted shirt with her school tie and black over the knee socks with pink lace panties.
She put the clothes on and stood in front of the mirror and thought to herself this will make the boys drool, maybe even a teacher or two. She giggled to herself making sure not to wake Monica up, she fixed her hair making sure all the curls were perfect and put the finishing touches to her make up with some black eyeliner to make her eyes stand out more.
Nica went into the kitchen and made some breakfast before leaving for school. She took a photo of herself on Monica's cellphone and left a note saying “Check out the photo on your phone, woke up like that, decided to use it to my advantage. Borrowed some clothes hope you don't mind. See you after school, Nica x”
Nica's best friend Sara picked her up in her car, Sara's seventeen and just passed her driving test, lucky for her she's daddy's little princess. He bought her a brand new car which means Nica gets chauffeur driven to school, saves her walking or getting the school bus.
“What the fuck happened to you Nica??!!” Sara screamed with excitement.
“Don't ask, it's been a long weekend Sara,” Nica sighed.
“How are you gonna explain this at school?” she gazed at Nica's new body.
“Whats to explain? I was overdue a growth spurt!” Nica got defensive.
“Don't shout at me, I'm on your side. Your gonna get a lot more of this from a lot worse people then me honey.” she hugged Nica as she looked at her not realising she was right.
“I hadn't thought about that, I guess I can't hide forever. Can I?” Nica asked already knowing her answer.
“Hell no! You need to show that body off. I would.” she boasted.
“Okay, let's go then but don't leave me today Sara. Please?!” Nica pleaded to her.
“Of course I won't!” she grabbed Nica's hand.
Sara drove from Nica's house to school which takes about 15 minutes, she never letting go of Nica's hand the whole way there. They have been best friends for the past twelve years since they first met in kindergarten age four. Nica had just moved to live with her Aunt Monica a month before hand when her parents were killed in a car accident were she miraculously survived against all odds.
When they reached school Sara parked her car, got out and went round to get Nica out the car only letting go of her hand to get out. Sara opened the door and reached her hand out and Nica placed her hand in Sara's and squeezed. Sara rubbed her thumb against the back of her hand reassuringly that she was there for her no matter. They stood together next to the car as Sara locked it, people started to notice that Nica was no longer shy, boyish Nica that she was Nica the hottie.
“Are you ready for this? If you're not we can just go! Drive anywhere you want to go, I'm with you Nica. Just you and me baby.” Sara grinned at Nica.
“I'm ready, as long as you're with me nothing can go wrong,” Nica smiled.
They walked towards the main doors where everyone hangs around before school starts, they were met by wolf whistles and shouting. Nica closed her eyes and put her head down trying to make it go away when Sara pulled her close, tilted her head up and kissed her forcefully on the lips. Nica kissed her back slipping in a little tongue, the whistle and cheering stopped it was like they had gone deaf. Everyone was watching with open mouths shocked that this little shy girl became a hottie over night and is now french kissing her best friend in front of basically the whole school.
They broke their kiss to see that not only was it their fellow pupils that was watching but also some male teachers, the two of them laughed and walked into the school as the bell had went. Still holding hands, never letting go even as they sat in class next to each other.
The principal sent for Nica and Sara half way through second period they got up when the assistant principal came for them and walked out together still holding hands, they sat outside his office waiting to be called in. The principal called them one at a time Sara first meaning they had to let go of each others hands, Nica sat very nervously still unsure about her new body, family and life of being a witch. The door opened and Nica stood up as Sara came out crying she opened her arms to hug her but she ran past her ignoring her. Sara had never done anything like that before, it must have been the principal, he must have done something or said something to change her.
Nica marched in guns blazing to see Principal Brown sitting at his desk looking very pleased with himself, she was about to change that.
“Hi Principal Brown, what have I done wrong?” she said sweetly.
“Well Nica that public display of affection was completely inappropriate! This is a school not a brothel. What has happened to you? You used to be such a good student why are you acting like this?” he asked me in an icy calm tone.
“I happen to love Sara and I don't think our public display of affection was any different than a boy and girl kissing on school property. Which does happen all day everyday Principal Brown! And as for what happened to me, I grew up, I'm not a child anymore. I'm expressing my individuality. That's why I'm acting like this. What are you going to do about it, Sir?” she said sarcastically.
“Well there is a few things I would like to do to you but.....,” he stopped mid sentence.
“But what Sir?” Nica leaned forward on the desk flashing her cleavage.
“Nothing Nica. Forget I said anything. I didn't mean anything,” he stammered.
“Oh but Sir I think you did mean something. I think you want to bend me over this desk and spank me till I scream, maybe more than that? Maybe get me on my knees under your desk and blow you while you're having your meetings?” she giggled watching him squirm.
“NICA! That is a completely inappropriate conversation to be having!” he shouted as she walked to the door, locked it and put the key in her panties.
“Well, what are you going to do now Principal Brown? No interruptions just us two,” she raised an eyebrow as she sat on his desk facing him.
“Nica get out now! This cannot happen not now not ever!” he placed his hand on her knee.
“Why did you make Sara cry?” Nica asked as she uncrossed her legs flashing the principal a little preview of her pink lace panties.
“I told her I would send one of you to another school if you didn't stop the public affection immediately!” he smiled.
Nica stared at him intensely hypnotizing him into a trance to do whatever she wanted. His hand moved further up her thigh past her sock onto bare flesh feeling the tingle his touch gives her she thought to herself, “I might enjoy this more than I though I would.”
“Principal Brown...,” she said in a low seductive voice.
“I want you to do as I say and whenever I command you to do so. In return you can have anything you want from me. Do we have a deal, Principal Brown?” she whispered in a seductive voice.
“We have a deal, Nica,” he replied in a zombie like voice.
“So Principal Brown, what do you want from me? Truthfully I want to know what it is you wanted to say earlier,” Nica said as she opened her legs slightly.
“I want You! Oh I know you're a tight little virgin and I want that cherry on my desk now!” He jumped up from his chair pushing his crotch between her legs as he held her arms.
“All in good time, Sir.” she whispered seductively putting him back in a trance.
“Now do as I say, leave Sara and me alone and you will have my cherry on your desk soon.” Nica pushed him back into his chair.
Nica got down off the desk and straddled him on the leather chair wrapping her arms around his neck and kissing him passionately, slipping her tongue into his mouth massaging his tongue gently as he came out of his trance. He realised what was happening and was bedazzled with the feelings knowing it was wrong but at the same time the lust that grew inside him was overpowering ever other emotion and logic.
“I need you now Nica!” he whispered with lust in his voice as he grabbed her ass and was grinding against her.
“Tonight, rent a room somewhere nice, call me to let me know where and what time, you don't want you wife finding out do you?” she said as she nibbled on his earlobe.
“Oh you fucking tease! Okay okay, give me you cell number and I'll call or text you to let you know.” he hissed as he licked and nibbled her neck.
Nica pushed Principal Brown back on the seat as she got off him, he grabbed her ass and pulled her back as he nibbled a little on her uber sensitive nipples through her school shirt making them so erect they were impossible to hide. She pulled his hair making him release her innocent nipples from his sensual grasp she lent down and kissed his lips and walked away to retrieve the key from her panties. She unlocked the door then went back and sat opposite him on the other side of the desk taking a piece of paper and writing down her number and sliding it across the desk, he placed his hand on top of hers as the assistant principal came in she pulled her hand away leaving the paper in his.
“Come along Nica, we have to go find Sara before getting you two back to class,” she smiled sweetly.
“I think I know where she will be. I can go find her myself. You don't have to come looking as well. I know you are so busy these days Mrs. Brown,” Nica smiled sweetly as she charmed her with her newly found powers.
“Only if you're sure my dear?” she chirped.
Nica nodded and headed out of the office as no one was around she ran as fast as possible to their secret place and there was Sara, sobbing her heart out crying. She spotted Nica and ran towards her. As they got closer they flung their arms open and hugged each other tightly. They sat down still hugging, Nica trying to calm Sara down as she had been here herself whilst she was in the office with convincing Principal Brown to let them stay at the same school.
Nica explained to Sara the plan was to seduce the Principal to get him to sign the form permitting them to stay and she would do anything to get that form signed, of course Sara was more than eager to offer a helping hand or two. They left school early and went to Nica's house, Monica was at work so they decided to rifle through her sexy clothes, underwear and toys. As they were looking at some toys Sara found a book, a very old book, she handed it to Nica as they both looked at one another with intrigue. They opened the book to find it was a book of spells and potions for lust and control over the desired one.
“What the hell Nica? Is Monica a witch?” she asked shocked by their finding.
“Erm.......well, promise not to say to anyone?.......... We both are witches aunt Monica and I, I only found out yesterday that's why I changed because it was my time to turn.” Nica babbled uncontrollably.
Sara stared at her blankly unable to comprehend what she has just been told and the fact they had been best friends for twelve years not knowing this about Monica.
“I'm also a witch Nica, my mother is Nali. She told me there was a newly turned witch but never even mentioned it was You! I turned early at the age of thirteen when it wasn't noticed as much as you were,” she whispered.
“What do you mean you're a witch? Why didn't you say Sara? Why keep it a secret from me? We don't keep secrets,” Nica sighed in disappointment.
They both knew what they had to do tonight. All they were waiting on was the call or text message to say where and when. Principle Brown was in for a shock of a lifetime when he realises he is getting two for one to sweeten the deal. They both packed a bag with things they might need and took the book down to the kitchen to make a little love potion to make sure everything went to plan.
They huddled around the island in the middle of the kitchen with a pot on the stove heating up liquids and melting solids as they chanted the words from the book over and over until it was ready. They poured it into a hip flask and added some rum to disguise the taste. Nica's phone buzzed as she received a text message saying “Hilton Hotel, room 203, after 7pm,” she read it out to Sara.” By this time it was 6pm so they decided to freshen up by getting into the shower together for a little girl on girl rub down.
They both pinned their hair up to save time restyling as the shower heated up, they both helped each other off with their clothes in sync. Nica removed Sara's jumper, tie, and shirt before kneeling in front to unbutton her skirt sliding it down over her tight ass straight to the floor. She stared up at Sara looking at her gorgeous body in a bra and panties set. Sara placed her hands out and pulled Nica up and returned the favour by pulling her close and taking her tie off then her shirt and skirt. She reached around Nica's back unhooking her bra letting her newly found C cup breasts jiggle free, she walked around to her back running her hands down over her shoulder's to then cup her pale milky white breasts and running her thumbs over Nica's rose coloured nipples.
Nica took Sara's hand and walked to the shower opening the door, sliding her panties off and removing Sara's underwear for her before stepping into the shower and pulling Sara in behind her. The hot water cascaded of over their young bodies as they held each other close in a deep embrace, passionately kissing one another as they let their hands roam over each other naked bodies, as they touched, caressed, rubbed and enjoyed each other. Nica got down on her knees and pushed Sara to the wall spreading her legs apart as she started to lick her clit and rub her lips at the same time making Sara moan gently. As Nica sped up her tongue motion she slipped two fingers gently inside Sara making her arch her back and lower herself onto her fingers more, Nica picked up speed with her hand being more intense as she was fingering her with three fingers now as she licked and rubbed her clit. As they were getting into it Sara heard someone downstairs, she was trying to tell Nica that Monica was home from work but she couldn't as she was in the middle of cumming and Monica walked in on them in the shower as Sara was cumming.
“What's going on here?!” Monica shouted.
Nica fell over as she was so startled that she was home and she didn't hear her, Sara tried to cover herself up while Monica was staring at the two of them and what they were actually doing.
“Aunt Monica! What are you doing home?” Nica stammered.
“It's quarter to seven Nica, what the hell?!” she looked at them ashamed.
“We have to go! Sara we have to go!” Nica shouted grabbing a towel.
They both grabbed towels and ran to Nica's bedroom to get ready, Monica followed then to find out what was going on and why they were acting strange towards her. They slammed the door in her face locking her out whilst they grabbed sexy underwear and little outfits to get Principal Brown going. Monica was banging on the door telling them to let her in but nothing not a sound, no one was there, they had climbed out of the window and took Sara's car and headed for the Hilton Hotel.
Monica called on Tasha and Nali for an emergency meeting to find the girls because they don't know how much danger they were actually in with the Principal, they all knew what the principal was like with the special girls and they needed to gather around the circle and chant to try to find the girls before it was too late.
They looked into the mirror to see the Hilton Hotel and the girls going into room 203 with Principal Brown holding the door open with a big smile on his face. Monica, Tasha and Nali ran to their cars and drove to the hotel as fast as possible to try and save them from losing their powers before they've learned to use them.
As the three elder witches were driving to the hotel Nica and Sara were explaining why they were both there as Sara poured the principal a drink laced with the potion they had made earlier. He looked astounded as he listened to them explain their proposition. He took a seat in the brown leather chair watching the girls help each other undress revealing Nica wearing a black silk bra and panties set with stockings and Sara wearing the same black silk bra and panties set but with fishnet tights on, Sara picked up Principal Brown's drink and strolled over with to him swaying her hips. Nica sat on his lap as Sara walked behind him and rubbed his shoulders as he drank his drink unaware of what was in it or what they were trying to do to him.
“Just relax Principal Brown,” Nica hissed sexily looking deep into his eyes as she undid his tie.
“Call me Richard girls, please.” He placed his free hand on Nica's thigh.
Sara pulled his hair tipping his head back towards her as she dove in for a passionate kiss, Nica pulled off his tie and undid the buttons on his shirt kissing down neck and chest as she slipped onto her knees on the floor at his feet. Richard pulled away from Sara as he could no longer feel where Nica was in the room, Nica smiled up at him from the floor as she reached up to his belt and undid it. Sara came around to join Nica in front of the principal, she then reached down to Nica and pulled her up kissing her so hard they bumped heads, their hands roamed freely and without a care as they kissed giving the principal a show he'd never forget.
Sara's hands pushed Nica's bra straps down as she kissed down her neck and across her chest, she reached around and unhooked her bra letting it fall to the floor as her breasts were gently set free her nipples became instantly hard. Sara moved down kissing over her breasts working slowly toward the nipples teasing the aerolas with the tip of her tongue before completely covering them with her mouth to lick and suck on them slowly. Nica closed her eyes and ran her hand through Sara's hair pulling on it slightly as she sucked and licked her very sensitive nipples. By that point Richard had gotten up from the chair after finishing his drink, removed the rest of his clothes and laid down on the bed to watch the two girls kissing, touching, sucking and licking each other, this is when he became very aroused by them.
He thought to himself, “If I can cum inside these girls before they have been bound to the circle I can steal their powers for myself to make me one of the most powerful warlocks in the country.”
“Sara, Nica come join me here,” he said as he patted the bed next to him.
“Well I guess you enjoyed what you saw by the looks of things!” Nica sniggered.
“Are you jealous Pricipal Brown? Do you want some of us?” Sara teased as she licked Nica's neck.
“Get your asses over her now! And I told you two to call me Richard! Don't make me spank you,” the principal demanded.
“Oooh, promises promises, Richard,” the two girls said in harmony.
He raised his eyebrows thinking to himself maybe he was in over his head as he started to feel funny then realised that they had gave him some kind of potion but he was about to have his fantasy fuck so was not going to say a word that he knew what they had done. They walked over to the bed holding hands as Richard grabbed Sara's bra and ripped it clean off her body, she gasped at the shock of it and Nica jumped back letting go of her hand. He took that opportunity to pull Sara on top of him rolling over on top of her pinning her down he licked her nipples like a hungry cat that just got some milk. She wriggled under him as he furiously licked and went onto suck her nipples as Nica could do nothing but watch, she started to say a phrase over and over nothing happened. She ran over to the bed pushing him to try get him off Sara but it was too late she had started to cum and was enjoying it, he grabbed Nica and threw her on top of the bed as he pulled Sara's panties down finishing her off by just rubbing her erect clit a few times making her cum so hard she passed out.
“Now it's your turn,” he said smugly with a grin on his face.
“It wasn't meant to be this way!” she exclaimed.
“You gave me the potion, you have to deal with the consequences Nica!” he told her sternly.
She looked at him shocked that he knew about the potion and still drank it knowing what it would do to him, the lust, the passion. He reached down to her panties and ripped them of her body leaving scratches, he pushed her legs apart and placed his hand on her lips rubbing back and forth gently then picking up speed. It wasn't too long before she was gasping, moaning and dripping wet.
“Well Nica that didn't take very long, you seem ready for cock. Are you?” he questioned her not really caring about her answer.
She couldn't answer him as he was still rubbing her clit and sliding a finger in her tight pussy making her moan, grunt and breathe heavy. She grabbed onto the bed sheets as she was about to cum he stopped rubbing her clit and fingering her, he got off her and stood at the bottom of the bed looking at the two girls that he had made dripping wet. He thought to himself, “This is what i love about being a principal!” He then climbed back onto the bed, cock in hand stroking to Nica's pussy before lowering down onto her and positioning the head just between her labia at the opening of her wet pussy. She begged for him to fuck her, this just made him want to slam deep and hard right into her immediately after she begged. He tried to control it but the potion was too much it took over him, he plunged into her right up to his balls feeling every muscle and bump inside her. She gasped and cried out as their pelvises met with a thud, this woke Sara up as she had passed out with pleasure next to them.
She turned to watch when she saw the pain and pleasure on Nica's face she reached over and started to play with her nipples to help ease the pain and increase the pleasure. Just as Richard and Nica were cumming together there was someone banging on the door. Nica, Sara and Richard all knew who it was and none of them wanted to open the door when suddenly it burst open and the three elders Monica, Tasha and Nali stormed in. Nica was cumming as was Richard when they burst through the three elders pulled the principal off of Nica as they knew what he was trying to do, as they did he came all over Nica and Sara. They dropped him on the floor and Monica and Tasha grabbed the two girls wrapping them up in bed sheets and sitting them on the couch as Nali closed the door.
“What the hell were you two thinking!?” Monica and Tasha shouted as Nali tied Principal 'Richard' Brown to the chair.
“He was going to send us away to separate schools, he was going to split us up! He said he would do it if we didn't do as he said or asked,” Sara cried as Nica held her in her arms stroking her hair.
The three elders looked at each other and went into a huddle whispering so quiet no one could hear them, the three turned to the principal held hands and started to chant a spell. Nica and Sara looked on with astonishment not believing their eyes, they were watching the principal being bound to the chair, tightly bound.
“We bind you Richard Brown from doing harm to yourself and to others, we bind you Richard Brown from doing harm to yourself and to others, we bind you Richard Brown from doing harm to yourself and to others,” the three repeated.
They chanted this until he had no remaining hold over the girls and they could speak and join the elders to bind the principal and complete the chant.
The elders got the girls ready to go back to Monica's house. Nali drove them back as they had much to discuss, as for the principal Monica and Tasha got him ready and also took him back to the house, they had something planned for him, something very interesting indeed.
Tasha took him to see Nali who put a silence spell on him as he was trying to cast, then she put a black hood over his head and sat him on the couch. The three elders changed into black cloaks with nothing underneath and the two girls had to wear white cloaks with nothing underneath either. Nali took Principal Brown outside as the others gathered the candles, they followed Nali outside who had lit a fire and placed five seats around it with the principal sitting on the ground behind them. They each joined the circle by age each standing until everyone was there then they sat down. Nali led the binding as she was the one with the most experience.
“By the power of Air, Earth, Fire, Water and Nature we bind thee, by the power of air, earth, fire, water and nature we bind thee, we bind thee, we bind thee!” they all chanted until a bolt of lightening came across the sky hitting the fire making The Five all fly back off their chairs. They all got up and made sure everyone was okay forgetting about the principal who is the key to their binding.
Nali went over to him once she realised he wasn't moving she checked his pulse to make sure he was still alive, he grabbed her hand and gasped for air. Now that they had been bound together in the circle they had released the full potential of their power, all that was left to do was for Nica and Sara to get Principal Brown to cum inside them to transfer his powers to them.
The elders Tasha and Nali laid the principal out on the garden pulling his trousers and shirt off holding him down as Monica started to lick his cock to get it hard for the girls to get his seed, she started slow by teasing him with just the tip of her tongue over and around the head as one of her hands worked his shaft whilst the other gently cupped and rubbed his balls. She then took the head of his six inch cock into her hot wet mouth sucking hard as she slid up and down the shaft twirling her tongue as she went. She then let her hand do the work on his shaft as she went onto suck his balls into her mouth running her tongue over them she could feel him ready to cum, she stopped and called on Nica.
Nica lifted her cloak and lowered down onto his rock hard cock as she slid onto him and rocked back and forth. He started to spasm making him grab onto the grass and dirt as he shot stream after steam of hot cum inside Nica forgetting he was losing his powers in that transfer of fluids. Nica kept riding him making sure she was getting all she could from him, he came again but just a tiny spurt into her. The elders then got the sacred chalice and got Nica to stand over it as they collected the cum from the principal, they then gave it to the two girls to equally share between them to evenly distribute the powers from him. The Five then offered the principal as a sacrifice to complete the transfer of power to the two new witches in the circle. Nica and Sara then both held the special knife and cut open his chest, removed his beating heart and watched him die. They could feel the power grow inside of them as the heart stopped beating in their hands until it was no longer and the transfer was complete.
The Five were the strongest circle of witches in the country and what they didn't realise was that he had more power than they ever had imagined possible making the girls the most powerful witches in world.
2011-10-16 20:51:10
Hot story. Principal Brown got what he deserved.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42273 | Tony and me, first time
I told earlier about some of my boyhood adventures, so will share an experience from my teen years.
At my school we had Jr. High and High school together in the same building, so younger and older boys mixed together more, unlike at a regular Jr. High, and I sometimes had crushes on older boys.
Tony was a basketball player on the High school team. He had black hair and dark brown eyes and I had a crush on him before I ever saw him play. Then when I saw him on the court, I couldn't keep my eyes off his lean body and the black hair on his legs. My body was mostly smooth then and I was turned on by boys with some hair, but Tony's was the best. Most of all I liked to see him shoot baskets and the flash of his underarms with just the perfect amount of short, black hair. Anyway, I used to do anything I could to talk to him or just be near him. I was starting to like girls some but I wasn't attracted to them the same way I was to boys. I had gone through puberty by then and was more horny than ever. It seemed like I had a boner most of the time and sometimes between classes I would jack off in the boys bathroom, especially after seeing Tony in the hall.
My dick was about average in length, maybe a little thicker than most boys my age. But what was different was my nipples. I had large nipples, bigger than any other boys I'd seen and I used to be embarrassed by them. I was very slim and my chest flat and hard with a bit of muscle starting to show, only my nipples were big. A couple of times at the pool some boys made fun of them, so I finally jumped one of them and made his nose bleed, so that was that. Even when I was very young they were bigger than other boys' but when I went through puberty it was like they swelled up more and stayed that way. Then they also got really sensitive. I could sometimes cum without even touching my dick but just by playing with my nipples, pulling on them and touching them just right.
Anyway, I had a couple of buddies my age I messed around with a lot (secretly for sure in those days) and it was great but I was really more attracted to boys older and more developed.
I never had trouble getting a date although I don't remember ever approaching a girl first. At school different girls would pursue me, so I just sorta went along. At that age you have a lot of insecurities and quirks and one of mine was that I hated being called 'cute', which I got all the time. Boys would give me shit about it and I got into some fights and into trouble, because I wanted to be tough, not cute. I was never feminine at all and played some sports but I wasn't as good at them as I had been as a kid. But I hated being 'cute' and probably made an idiot of myself acting up, trying to look and act tougher than I really was.
Anyway, Tony was in High School, 11th grade, and I was in Jr. High, 9th grade. That doesn't seem like a big difference in age when you're an adult, but at that age, and in school, its huge. But I found ways to run into him, and used any excuse to talk to or be around him. It could have been like a lot of boys do, just looking up to an older, popular boy, but I knew it was more than that for me. As for Tony, I don't think he knew I existed most the time. I was just some brat kid that wanted attention or something. But he never made fun of me or gave me shit, like some of the other older boys did. Still, he didn't ever say anything but like 'oh yeah?' to one of my boasts, or 'see ya' almost as soon as I caught up with him him in the hall or somewhere. I admit, I shot many hot teen loads thinking about Tony. Just thinking about the black hair on his legs and underarms got me hotter than hell.
The year passed into late fall and I was still taken with him, but I backed off some, I don't know why. I just didn't go up and try to talk to him so much anymore. But a few times I know he saw me looking at him, and I would get really messed up, like I didnt know what to do. He seemed to like me ok but obviously I was younger and he wasn't going to hang out with me. He dated probably the most popular girl at school and all the girls liked him, plus all his jock friends.
Well, one night I went to a football game and was hanging around the stadium after the game was over and just about everyone was gone. I sometimes jumped the gate and hung out there by myself when there was no game and it was all closed, with no one around. I had even jacked off once in the dark below the bleachers, thinking of all the older boys that had sweated out on the field, as they secretly lusted for each others' tight butts and more.
So I was hanging around the lower bleachers and thought everyone had left, when I saw Tony across the field. To my surprise he waved so I waved back. Then I suddenly realized he was actually coming toward me, over to where I was, and I panicked. I don't know why, because I wanted his attention, and in fact I wanted a lot more too but I had long since given up on that, or tried to anyway. Now he walked right up to me, so I tried to act cool and I said something that I'm sure sounded stupid and he laughed. That pissed me off so I started to leave, plus I was uptight because I liked him so much. But he grabbed my arm and, without saying a word, motioned for me to come with him. I didn't know what to think. By now everyone else was gone for sure, the place was empty and I was a little scared, but of course I was overjoyed that Tony would give me the time of day. So I followed him and we went under the bleachers a ways, not far from where I had jacked off that time.
Tony led me back to a more secluded spot where it was pretty dark since the stadium lights had gone off, but there was kind of a pool of dim light from the lights in the parking lot behind the bleachers. There we stopped and he turned toward me. He finally spoke then and he told me that he knew something about me. I still remember this is exactly what he said, but I didn't know what he was getting at. I thought he was going to beat me up or something, but then he smiled a little and said that I was a cute boy, and that pissed me off again... why did he have to fuckin' say 'cute'? But the way he said it gave me a different feeling too, so I just stood there. He came closer then, placing his big hands on my shoulders and, without saying another word, pushed me down on my knees. I felt a little shaky so I closed my eyes then and he must have felt me tremble a little as he ran his hands over my head and through my hair, feeling my ears and just touching my face gently.
I wasn't feeling scared after that, and my fears had turned to excitement but I kept my eyes closed, half-afraid it might be a dream, like so many I had of Tony. Suddenly I no longer felt his hands on me so I opened my eyes and I watched as Tony unzipped his pants and pushed them down, along with his briefs. I couldn't believe what was happening and thought of all the times I had beat off just imagining something like this with him. I felt like I couldn't get my breath and my pulse raced like crazy. His thighs were muscular, not as hairy as his legs, but with short black hairs everywhere except on his inner thighs, which were smooth as ivory. I became more excited as I took it all in. The fall night air was getting chilly, making my nipples hard and they were brushing against the rough fabric of my shirt, making my dick stiffen in my briefs.
I reached out slowly and touched his left thigh, tracing a line of hard muscle, but when I began to move up, Tony took my hand and stopped me. I started to say something but he cut me off, placing a hand over my mouth, but just for a second, then taking it away and laying it back on my shoulder. The feeling of him being in control gave me a sensation I had never known so I let him completely take over. I knew then that was what he wanted, because at that moment his breathing quickened and he gripped my shoulders hard, then with one hand below my chin he tipped my face upward. Looking up I saw his dick, standing straight out with full, heavy balls hanging beneath it. It wasn't real long but so big-around I couldn't believe it, thick and hard and a perfect shape. The tip of his dick-head was slightly wet with pre-cum and I just stared transfixed, amazed that I was actually so close to Tony's cock, throbbing there right above my face.
He guided my head right up to it so I opened my mouth and put my lips on just the head of his dick and I heard him sigh. It felt so smooth against my lips and I just lightly licked across the opening, tasting his salty pre-cum. I pulled back just a bit then so I could look up at him and I saw that he was looking right at me. I got so turned on then and ran my tongue over just the tip again, then all over his dick-head and finally took it into my mouth, just the big head at first and then slowly slid his entire cock right into my mouth. He gave another long sigh and gently stroked my ears and face while I slowly began sucking his dick there under the bleachers in the fall night air. I didn't want to ever stop and I realized he was sorta whispering to me, urging me on, telling me to take his cock and saying how soft and wet my lips were around his dick. That made my own cock hard as hell so I unzipped, and worked my pants down but never stopped sucking Tony as I grabbed my cock and pulled on my balls.
While I sucked and slid my mouth all around Tony's dick, he kept his hands on my face, touching it all over and probing inside my mouth as I took his big dick in, and feeling along the shaft as it slid out. Then pulling all the way out, he pressed his hot dick on my face and I licked all over it, and his fingers too. While he held his dick I moved down to his balls, tonguing all around them as they swung heavy against his inner thighs. While I licked his balls Tony worked his cock, not jacking but squeezing it lightly over and over really fast, making it swell up even more. I heard him moan as I buried my young face in his big balls and breathed in his strong scent. It was so damn sexy and I got so excited that I became dizzy and my dick throbbed in my hand, stiffer than ever before.
As I pushed against his heavy nuts, I opened my mouth and tried to take one in my mouth but they were too big, so I licked under them and all around again. Suddenly he moaned louder and reached down, pulled my head back and desperately shoved his dick back into my mouth. It went so deep I gagged a bit, so I caught my breath and started to suck him again, but he grabbed my head and held it still. He wanted to move himself inside my mouth, wanted me still while he fucked my face, so I opened all the way for him. He started very slowly, so slow that I could taste every inch of his dick as he pumped my mouth and moved his hips so his cock pushed all around inside my mouth and almost down into my throat, but I didn't gag again, I was too far into it.
Then he began moving faster but steady. I felt myself in-synch with his motions, moving with him, so he just let go and totally fucked my face. I grabbed around his hairy legs and held on to steady myself and a couple of times he almost shoved me backwards to the ground with his thrusts. He pumped into me in a kind of frenzy and kept screwing my mouth until I could hear him start to moan and build. But I didn't want him to cum yet, so I tightened my lips around his dick until he slowed down a bit, until finally he was barely moving in my mouth, breathing hard but steady.
Still I knew he couldn't hold off much longer no matter what happened and already he had leaked so much pre-cum that my face was wet with it. He had stopped thrusting but was already almost to the point of no return and he was holding very still in a way that told me he he could explode any second. So, very carefully I slid his cock from my mouth inch by inch, until my lips rested on the shaft right below the head, and I explored his fat dick-head with my tongue, tracing the thick ridge around it, and then below until I found that most sensitive spot, and hungry for all his cum I held nothing back now as I ran my tongue over it again and again.
Suddenly I felt Tony's dick jump in my mouth and I quickly looked up at him, still working his cock. Our eyes met and I could see he was almost ready to explode so I returned my full attention to his dick. I went down on him almost all the way then tightened my hand around the base of his shaft, making his cock swell and pulse as it filled my mouth. With my other hand I reached for his balls and felt them tighten, so I pulled back a bit so I could lick harder and faster underneath his swollen dick-head until I heard him start making all kinds of sounds from deep in his throat, building until finally one long moan of pleasure as he said "Oh fuck yeah... I'm gonna shoot off.. right.. now!"
I wanted to watch him cum so I pulled my mouth off of him, grabbed his dick with both hands and beat it off while he spurted all over my face and neck. I was so excited that I had to feel his last spurts with my mouth around his dick so I slid my lips back around it as it jerked and shot. When I did that Tony lost all control and grunted like an animal as he squirted the rest of his load in my mouth. His voice trembled with excitement and he cried out,"Oh god, oh fuck.. I'm shootin' off in your hot mouth, god yeah, all inside your cute mouth..oh fuck-yeah!" That put me over the edge too and I shot my load right then and fell back onto the ground, still ejaculating. As soon as my mouth slid off of Tony's dick he moaned and grabbed it, squeezing out the last drops of cum. He leaned back against a post with his eyes closed as he slowed down, repeating over and over, "oh god, oh damn". He had shot so much that it covered not only my face and neck but was all over the front of my shirt. My dick had been pointing straight up when I shot, so my cum had gone all over my shirt too, blending with Tony's and all of it together was making big wet spots.
I reached and pulled my shirt away from my skin, but it stuck to my swollen nipples, sending deep shudders all through me. I needed something to wipe myself off with but all I had was my shirt, so I stripped it off and used a dry edge on my face and neck. But my chest was wet too and my nipples were covered with cum, Tony's and mine. I was gazing down at them and feeling the cool night air play around them when I heard Tony stir. I looked over and saw him staring, right at my big erect boy-nipples, all drenched in our juices. I flushed hot all over and started to feel the embarrassment I sometimes did, but then I realized this wasn't like the stupid boys at the pool. The look on Tony's face was something very different, and as he gazed at me there on the ground under the bleachers, a thrill ran through me as I knew beyond any doubt that he would own my young body and I would give it all to him, any time he wanted.
What happened with Tony the next time will have to wait, 'cause I got a boner that won't. Ca va!
Anonymous readerReport
2015-05-19 20:00:26
this got me so wet and turned on. you really should had went anal aswell
Anonymous readerReport
2015-05-12 18:36:20
I fingered my wet hole reading this mmmmm
Anonymous readerReport
2015-03-31 00:12:35
Loved that story had me cumming streams. Wish I had the courage to act upon my desires at that age
2015-01-07 22:35:22
Did you not go anal?
Anonymous readerReport
2015-01-05 06:16:55
i ‹3 reading gay stories it always seems to get me really wet and my bf loves it bc it means less eating my pussy and little more time fucking oh btw GREAT STORY :* kisses
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42274 | Something good on the road.
The Hitch Hiker
Daniel was divorced and living alone. His stupid job had been the cause of his marital problems because he had to spend so much time on the road. If only he and his ex-wife Sally had kids, she would have had something to keep her occupied whenever he was away. But that was not to be, no matter how hard they tried, and Sally's apparent barrenness overburdened the shaky marriage. Perhaps, he had always thought, if I had spent more time at home, filling Sally's cunt with my sperm, she might have been successful in becoming pregnant.
He usually avoided picking up strangers when he drove, but after two hours on the road, and an empty apartment behind him, Danny was ready for some companionship, someone sitting next to him in the car, chattering away. It had been raining for some time, and the temperature had dropped outside his warm vehicle. He was so busy looking ahead, trying to drive safely in these miserable conditions, that he almost missed seeing the huddled form moving along the edge of the road. Apparently, drivers of the few cars ahead of him had not noticed the hitchhiker, or just did not care.
Slowing down carefully, Dan eased the car onto the shoulder, then backed up even more carefully. When the figure was about fifteen feet behind his car, he stopped and beeped the horn. To his surprise a rain-sodden woman opened the door, slid, dripping, into the passenger seat, and pushed a small backpack down between her feet. She looked like a drowned rat. Her clothes were thoroughly drenched, her hair was plastered to her face, and her shoes were an absolute wreck. When Danny reached over to pull the door shut, he noticed that she had a bulging stomach; she appeared to be somewhat pregnant.
The girl partly turned her young, pretty face to him and said, "Thanks, mister. Thanks for stopping."
Daniel was fascinated by pregnant women; possibly it had something to do with his own marital failure. He had looked forward to fucking Sally when she was with child. He had anticipated placing his hands on her swollen belly as his slid his cock deep into her cunt. However, that had never happened. Now such a women with her fetus developing within her, growing and pushing her tummy out, was seated next to him, exciting him. Maybe, he thought, he could ingratiate himself with her and see what developed. When he arrived at his motel, it would be easy to invite her to his room.
"Where are you headed?" he asked as he turned up the heater.
"I don't know. Anywhere, I guess," she mumbled, hanging her head down.
"I'm going to Erie. I'll take you there if you want."
"Are you feeling the heat now?" he asked, still adjusting the control of the ventilation system.
"Yes, thanks."
Daniel continued to ask her a new question every few minutes, and eventually, in spite of her laconic answers, he obtained a small list of facts about the girl. Her name was Vera and her parents, self-righteous christian fundamentalists, had kicked her out of the house when her condition became an embarrassment to them. She looked younger, but claimed to be just eighteen and had just graduated from high school the previous June. When Daniel suggested a hot meal, Vera turned her head toward him for the first time and smiled at him.
"Thanks," she said. "That would be very nice. I do feel hungry."
Looking ahead, he saw a small mall and pulled into it. He saw what he was looking for, "Country Jim's General Store." He pulled up near the entrance and parked the car.
"We have to get you into some dry clothes."
"I only have about ten dollars," Vera admitted.
"No, don't worry," Danny said. "We have to get you dry clothes. You select an outfit, and I pay for it, okay?"
Reluctantly agreeing, she got out of the car with him and followed him into the store. Inside, they went immediately to the pregnant ladies' department. The sales lady became a little concerned because Vera donned her new clothes right away and did not carry them out of the store, but Danny explained, "She had an accident; she fell into a big puddle."
Near the highway was a fast food outlet, "Burger Queen." Dan reparked the car there, and they went inside. He only had a big cup of tea, but Vera had a double burger, fries, and a large coffee. The way she wolfed her food down indicated that she was more than a little hungry. She offered to pay, but Danny refused and told her to save her money for a rainy day. She smiled at his joke, but refused his offer for seconds.
An hour later, they arrived at his motel on the edge of Erie. "I can offer you a hot shower and a warm bed for the night, Vera, if you don't mind staying in my room with me," he said.
She agreed after considering his offer for a minute, but added, "I'm not really a slut, you know."
"I understand," he answered. "Tomorrow morning you can decide what to do and where to go, but tonight you can rest and think about possibilities."
After he changed his reservation from single to double occupancy, he moved the car, and they went to his room. He unlocked the door and invited her to go in ahead of him. She seemed impressed by the furnishings and decor, although he did not see them as being special. He wondered about her background after seeing her react to an ordinary motel room as if it were a palace chamber.
Danny convinced Vera to warm up with a hot shower, and, while she was showering, he carried her soaked clothing to a dryer at the end of the hall and dropped a couple of quarters in. That should be enough to bake most of the water out, he thought.
When he got back to his room, Vera was sitting on the bed with towels wrapped about her. She was really beautiful, with long, auburn hair and dark brown eyes. She told him that she was just over three months pregnant. She claimed that a former boyfriend was the father, but he ran off as soon as she told him that she was pregnant. She had no idea where he was.
"Could I see that?" Daniel asked, pointing at her swollen stomach. "I've always wanted to see what a pregnant lady looked like."
Vera gazed into his eyes briefly and then slowly permitted her towels to drop away, revealing her naked body.
Dan stared, not only at her big belly, but also at her engorged breasts, also exposed for his inspection. "Could I touch your tummy?" he asked.
Her exposed damp, naked body and her distended belly excited Danny's lustful mind. His eyes ran over her firm, flaring hips. Her swollen breasts were clearly showing signs of her pregnancy. He could feel his cock begin to rise within his briefs. It had been such a long time since he had been with so young a woman, and one so lush and beautiful.
Vera observed him staring at her breasts, swelling out with nutrients for the baby growing within her, and saw his eyes examining her large nipples. She reached up and expressed some milk from a nipple. Dan was amazed that, at this early stage, her breasts could lactate, and watched as a little fluid oozed out. He was so aroused that he began running his fingers across her stomach, feeling how tight it was. He looked down at the thick bush of pubic hair and then up at her face. She had a little smile on her lips, showing that she comprehended his need to use her body, to fuck her pussy. She moved up on the bed, away from him, allowing him to see clearly the waiting red slash of her cunt.
Danny pulled off his clothes and lay down between her outstretched legs. Crawling closer, he positioned his head between her firm thighs and began to kiss his way toward her swollen pussy. As he placed his lips on her labia and tentatively licked her clit, Vera moved her hands to Dan's head and ran her fingers through his thick dark hair. Dan cupped her ass cheeks and pulled her pussy to his eager mouth. He kissed and tongue-fucked her, shoving his tongue deeper each time, trying to stuff it deep into her vagina. Vera wriggled and gasped with the deep pleasure his mouth was providing her.
After enjoying her tasty twat, Dan pulled his mouth from her clit and began to kiss his way up her bulging belly. She cupped her breasts and offered him her long teats. He eagerly accepted a big nipple and, as he suckled on her tit, he was rewarded with a few drops of her warm, sweet milk. She pulled herself into a sitting position, and cradled his head in her arms as he sucked and kissed her breast. When he peeked up at her face, she was smiling contentedly with her eyes half closed.
"Do the other one now," she whispered softly after few minutes.
Danny moved around and began sucking on her other nipple, and was again rewarded with a few drops of Vera's warm milk. He was hugely turned on by her lactating, and his cock began to ache with its need. He gave up Vera's nipple and knelt next to her with his erect penis inches from her face. She grasped the shaft of his penis and fed the swollen head into her warm mouth. Watching the young girl eagerly accept his hard cock into her mouth made Danny even more excited. While Vera sucked Daniel's penis, he stroked her lactating breasts and gravid stomach. He could see that she was also becoming extremely aroused.
Danny understood now that pregnant women were extremely sexy. He began to fuck Vera's face and moved his hard shaft in and out of her mouth while she sucked him and pumped his penis with her soft little hand. Her tongue swirled around his glans, and her cheeks were indented by the suction she was applying.
"I need to fuck you," he gasped. I need to come inside your pussy."
"Yes, baby, fuck my hot pussy," Vera moaned. "I want you to fuck me. I need to feel your hot, throbbing cock inside me." She shifted downward and spread her legs for him. Dan moved between her legs and pushed the head of his cock between her moist labia. As the head parted her fleshy lips, she groaned loudly. He lay down on top of her, not allowing his full weight to press down on her stomach. Now he pushed his cock into her slippery vagina. She was tight, considering her state, and he shoved harder and felt his cock slide all the way inside. He continued stroking her swollen belly with one hand.
Danny moved his thick cock in and out, feeling the slick membranes of Vera's tight cunt massage his rigid member. She was lolling her head from side to side and sighing. Clearly, she was enjoying his cock inside her as much as he was enjoying the feel of her gripping vagina. He had room enough between them, thanks to her big belly, to allow his fingers to feel her wet slit. He ran his fingers along the wet folds and played with her hot pussy. Next, he reached up and found one of her nipples; he squeezed it and was rewarded with another drop milk. As it dripped onto her naked skin, Vera groaned and shook with her climax.
Now Dan slid his cock rapidly in and out of her pussy. Whenever he rammed his cock deep into her, Vera cried out with pleasure. Fucking her violently, he caressed her pregnant belly and swollen breasts. Again Vera groaned and twitched as another orgasm flashed over her body. Dan could feel his semen surging up through his groin. He couldn't hold back any longer. Vera locked her legs around his hips and dragged him against her wet pussy just as streams of hot come jetted from his prick.
"Ahhhggghh! Oh god... Ohhhhhh... Ohhh... Yessss!" Danny moaned as his throbbing cock shot his load of fertile cream into Vera's belly. Spurred by her heels against his legs, Dan drove his penis deep into her vagina, delivering his sperm into her depths.
Vera reached for him, pulling his head down to hers, dragging him into a warm, penetrating kiss. He lay on top of her, continuing to push his cock slowly in and out, draining every drop of his seed into her. Once again, Vera arched her body and shuddered, now with her third orgasm. She was so sexual, so feminine, and so comforting to his empty life.
He could not believe his luck, seeing, feeling her body, and now... he had come inside her sweet, tight pussy. He lay down next to her after removing his softened cock from her semen-filled pussy. He continued caressed her swollen belly with his hands. His soft penis, still sticky from her secretions and his semen, rubbed against her stomach. Vera reached down and held his limp cock in her hand and ran her thumb along its lubricated flesh. Dan lay on the bed clutching Vera's sexy body to his naked flesh. He was thinking about fucking her in the future as her belly grew bigger and bigger.
"What am I going to do with you, baby?" he asked.
"I hope we can figure something out tomorrow, but next time, I want to be on top," she whispered into his ear.
"Ok, baby, we'll do that, but first we need to get your clothes from the dryer and have some supper." Dan wondered what tomorrow would bring.
Anonymous readerReport
2014-03-22 21:42:15
MS2ecE Im grateful for the article post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
Anonymous readerReport
2014-01-08 16:15:04
SkYxYg I really like and appreciate your blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
anonymous readerReport
2013-10-25 02:40:15
I3xn9y Enjoyed every bit of your blog.Thanks Again. Awesome.
anonymous readerReport
2013-08-13 20:34:17
They agreed to stay together and let him be her baby's father but she warned him that the baby MIGHT be black. Sounds like she was with more than one guy if she wasn't sure what color the baby would be.
anonymous readerReport
2011-10-08 04:52:51
When I was 6 months pregnant, men would not stay away from me! I was 36 and met a 63 year old man who befriended me in my apt building. He asked if he could taste my milk. That's when I found out he had dentures! There is nothing like getting your nipples gummed! I used to nurse him a few times a week, as I sat on the couch and held him like a baby. It was sweet, but very erotic. He fucked me a few times, but had to take viagra, and no man can eat pussy like one without teeth!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42275 | Story Details
My sweet little Tanya
daggdon0 on Incest Stories
I guess it all started on one hot summer day. We were swimming in our pool and my eyes where open to a whole new girl, my stepdaughter Tanya just under 5 foot in height dirty blond hair the most beautiful blue eyes soft tender pink lips and a knockout tan body to boot .Her small orange size tits and a nice round tight ass fit her well for 13yrs old anyway like I was saying she forgot her bikini top and only had the bottoms since it was only my wife (Paulette) and me swimming she told her to put on a tee and come in the pool .After a few minutes I hear a big sploosh   I turned around and Tanya had on a white tee shirt when she climbed out to dive in again my eyes where glued to her tits as I could see her nipples sticking through the cotton fiber. She done this for a while jumping in and climbing out each time she did I started to feel my cock to stir and grow hard. What’s wrong? Tanya asked me as I stared at her finding it hard that she unknowingly turning me on.
      Just then Paulette said she had to get dinner going and would be back later Tanya asked if she needed help and she said no have fun Tanya smiled and said ok thanks just then Tanya splashed a mountain of water at me and we started to play I chased her around the pool, every time I would catch her I let my hand slip and squeeze one of her tits or her ass she would just look at me and smile each time I did it .Now by this time my cock need some relief so I told Tanya I was done swimming and was going inside she asked if she could stay in for just a little longer and I said yes. I kept my back toward her so she wouldn’t see my raging hardon. I wrap the towel around me and rushed into the bathroom with the pictures and the touch fresh in my mind I jerked off so fucking hard I thought I was shaking the house, thinking how her tits felt in my hands brought me to my climax I grunted hard my knees got week and my head started to spin when I blew my load Oh my god I thought to myself I just jacked off thinking of my stepdaughter. The rest of day all I could think about is Tanya I need to feel her pussy I want to come all over her but how without hurting her I thought about it for many days and came up with a plan. I went to the video store and got some family movies I remembered Paulette had some vicodins in the medicine cabinet so I took out six of them grounded 4 up into powder and put then aside marked P then did the same with the other 2 and marked the with T. A couple of days went by when I notice a tampon in the trash I knew it was not Paulette’s.
   It was hot this day near a 100 deg at 8pm I put a movie in the cd player and ask if anyone wanted a nice cool ice cream float they both said yes it sounds good I just smiled and said yes it dose. So I got out the chocolate syrup and the chocolate ice cream and the 7 up I made my wife’s first adding the powder to the mix, then I made Tanya’s and one for myself took them in for everyone .I said I bet I could drink mine gone first both girls said your on and before I was ½ way done Tanya said finished and so did Paulette my heart was racing a hundred miles a hour and my cock was swelling. After an hour I looked over at Paulette and saw she was asleep and so was Tanya. With very shaky hands I went to Tanya with was lying on her back with just her teddy on. I put my hand on her tit and shook her to see if she was out cold, she did not even stir she out alright I said to myself.
 Without even wasting any time I slipped my hand under her teddy and took her tittty in my hand and played with it for a while  by this time my cock was throbbing so hard that I had to free it from my shorts .As I did pre cum started dripping from its head looking back to see if Paulette was still out I guided my cock right into Tanya’s mouth slowly sliding my cock down her throat my tempo picked up and I was fucking her face pretty hard now deeper and deeper down her throat my cock was going I felt my head swell and shot my hot cum deep into mouth. I pulled out after a few minuets after my cock went soft. God I said to myself that was so fucking intense again I went for Tanya s titties this time I sucked on them rolling her nipple in my mouth like a sex staved madman after putting two small hickeys one on each tit I slid my hand down to her sweet fresh cunt I worked my hands into her panties till I felt her bare little nub. My cock was getting hard quick playing with her cunt I remove her panties so I could get a better look at her fresh smelling cunt I move my mouth straight down and started to lick bald pussy everywhere .
I sucked and chew and nipped her bud like there was no tomorrow .Suddenly I got a fright Tanya let out a moan My god I thought to myself she likes it and quickly I went back to eating her sweet pussy out for a little while longer I glanced down and saw the string sticking out of her love hole so I slowly pulled it out noticing that there was hardly any blood on it and smiled. I reached into my pocket and pulled out a new tampon and the k-y jelly.
 Gently putting Tanya on the floor I lubed up my cock I looked at Tanya and started to kiss her letting my tongue explore the inside of here mouth at the same time rubbing my cock up and down her bare slit . If I keep this up I m going to cum on her cunt so I stopped and guided my head to her wet slippery heavenly entrance .I gave a little push and my cock head went in a very little so I push harder and harder until I was able to get my cock part way in her she let out a little whimper as my cock started to part her cunt I could feel her walls contracting sucking my cock teasing me begging me to go deeper and so I did I push really hard this time and felt her womb at the tip of my cock Tanya was crying under me as she was in pain so I started pumping slow at first then faster and faster.
 I noticed that Tanya’s hips where matching my rhythm she was moaning grinding her hips into mine cumming all over my cock this was way to much and I blew my load into her I did not care if she would get knock-up or anything I am way to hot to care .So I kept on fucking her I came again and again my cock was getting sore from fucking my little girl but I knew I would not be able to do this again fuck my little girl. After I could not fuck her no more I cleaned her up put her tampon back in put her panties back on and put her back on the couch just like how she fell asleep. Look at my sweet little girl now knowing she the best fuck I ever had wondering if she will keep what I said to her  All the while as I was fucking Tanya I was telling her over and over  that she wants to fuck me so badly that she need my cock in her pussy . But thats another story
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42281 | The name Eadwine is a baby boy name.
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English Meaning:
The name Eadwine is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Eadwine is: Wealthy friend. An Old English name compounded from ead, meaning rich or happy, and wine, meaning friend.
SoulUrge Number: 2
Expression Number: 7
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42304 | Results 1 to 3 of 3
1. #1
Thumbs up San Diego Comic-Con 2006
Received my confirmation in the mail the other day. I know its early, but I'm ready for more Freaks, Action Figures and Alcohol!
Who else is going this year?
2. #2
I'll be there Thursday and Saturday. Hope I get the Exclusives I want. If not I will be drinking alcohol.
You Shouldn't believe everything that you read.
(Like my posts)
3. #3
I live in Massachusetts so this convention is a bit out of reach for me. I do really want a Mara Jade bust and some other exclusives. If anyone is picking up extra I will gladly write them a check for the product plus whatever "handling fees they would like" I also will have extra Sideshow Exclusive versions of everyone to trade with.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42351 | Be the star of your own film in Almería
Selvstyrende region:
Almería (in Andalusia) has served as a film set for world-class directors such as David Lean, Franklin J. Schaffner, Steven Spielberg, Sergio Leone, John Milius and Anthony Mann. Legendary films such as "Lawrence of Arabia", "Cleopatra" and "The good, the bad and the ugly" were shot in this region, and more recently Ridley Scott chose to film his "Exodus" here. And why Almería? Because it is notable for its wide variety of spectacular landscapes, ranging from cliffs with marine legends to mountains –and even a large desert–, and also because of the spectacular light in this part of Spain. Today you have the opportunity to see all these places for yourself, visit a museum dedicated to the cinema and walk along your very own Walk of Fame.
Two routes for adventurers
Make the most of your holidays in Almería and come and discover these two special routes: the locations for the films "A Fistful of Dollars" and "Indiana Jones". You'll find an official guide (published in English and Spanish) to guide you around the landscapes of Almería. The "Indiana Jones" route is 66 kilometres long (55 in a 4x4 vehicle and 11 hiking). The whole trip (lasting about nine hours) takes visitors through the amazing area of the Tabernas Desert and the Sierra Alhamilla mountains. During this trip you'll travel through the only desert area in Europe. You'll feel like Harrison Ford on his quest to find the Holy Grail, and you'll learn some real cinema tricks. For example, the deep ravine that a tank fell down when Indiana was being pursued by the German troops is actually only five metres high. If you prefer westerns, you'll also enjoy the "Fistful of dollars" tour which takes you through the oasis where Clint Eastwood meets up with his gang after robbing the bank in El Paso. You'll also be able to visit the Oasys theme park, also known as Mini-Hollywood, which still has the original sets of "A Fistful of Dollars" and many cinema posters. There's also can-can dancing and real Far West shoot-outs. We recommend you save at least a whole morning to visit this park. If you're a film fan and want to learn even more about cinema, you'll find that many other places in Almería have had the privilege of being film sets. For example, another recommended trip is one that takes visitors along the beautiful Cabo de Gata-Níjar Nature Reserve, which is about 30 kilometres long, and has real open-air sets like the unspoilt beaches of Mónsul and Los Genoveses, where "The Wind and the Lion", "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen", "The Rat Patrol", "The Man Who Lost His Shadow" were filmed, among others. Don't miss this amazing part of Spain which has played host to A-list stars and filmmakers such as Oliver Stone, Liz Taylor or Peter O'Toole, where over 500 films and series have been filmed over a period of six decades, and where you'll almost think you can hear the words: "Lights, camera, action!"
The House of Film
You'll find the House of Film in the town of Villablanca. This entertaining visit for lovers of the seventh art offers the chance to see a 3-D film of places that have served as locations for famous film shoots, recreate several famous scenes starring characters from film history, or take part in green-screen sets and see yourself acting in real-life film scenes. A curious fact: John Lennon lived in this house for some time in 1966. You can visit what was once his bedroom, as well as an entire room dedicated to the musician who found his inspiration here for "Strawberry Fields Forever". You'll find more information at the following link .
A Walk of Fame and a festival
In the city of Almería, the capital, we recommend a visit to the street known as Calle Poeta Villaespesa to see the Walk of Fame. You'll also find a Film Route which takes in several points associated with scenes from films. Also in the city of Almería –normally in December– you'll find the International Short Film Festival "Almería En Corto", featuring film screenings and parallel activities such as photography courses, lectures and talks on film-related themes, in addition to art and video art workshops.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42425 | Smaller than a Mac Mini and with a better graphics processor, too, Zotac's Zbox nano XS AD11 Plus (to give it it’s full name) rivals even the stripped-to-the-silicon Raspberry Pi for size. It's the PC for the post-PC era, almost as powerful as a full sized tower and jammed full of uncompromising components – and yet it's also so very affordable.
Five main points – Tiny size
It's not quite the size of a fag packet, but we've certainly seen larger cigarello cases. The Zbox is truly tiny, but comes equipped with a built-in card reader, USB 3.0 ports, an ethernet port and HDMI out. It's got just about everything you need in other words, except for an operating system. That means you'll need to supply your own copy of Windows for £70-odd extra or, even better, give Linux a go for free.
Five main points – Small storage
The 64GB SSD soon fills up with a standard Windows installation, and adding a USB hard drive for permanent storage uses a precious port. You could stick a large SD card in the front reader to keep your music and photos on, but ideally you'll use the Zbox Nano XS with a networked storage device, streaming films and songs from a remote hard drive. At that point it comes into its own as a media centre to keep by the TV or a decently specced PC for working from home. There's no optical drive, but that only gets annoying when you realise that all the drivers for the Zbox have been supplied on a DVD.
Five main points – Gaming performance
Inside the nano XS there's an AMD Fusion processor, which has a dual core CPU and a low-end graphics processor on the same chip. It's a step up from the ones used in netbooks, and while it's slow to encode video files, for example, it can get games like World of Warcraft and Star Wars: The Old Republic running at acceptable speeds. For games, it's better than an Intel Core i3, and it makes the Atom processor redundant.
Five main points – Attention to detail
Ignoring the DVD driver disc faux pas above, what's really impressive about the Zbox nano XS is that Zotac has thought this through really well. There's a USB WiFi adaptor, a VESA mount for strapping to a TV, and even an infra-red extension so that if it is stashed out of sight, you can still use the handy Windows Media Centre remote control that comes with it.
Five main points – Fan noise
We only have two real criticisms of the Zbox. Firstly, the CPU fan is constantly spinning, which is noticeably noisy up close but barely audible from across a room. Secondly the audio outputs are on the front. There's an optical SPDIF adaptor, but it looks ridiculous sticking out of the otherwise clean face-plate. Stick to the HDMI audio if you can.
It's not quite a supercomputer in a sweet tin, but the Zbox nano XS AD11 Plus isn't far off. So long as you aren't expecting to run games at insanely high resolutions or trying to edit an HD movie, it's got all the processing power you need without any of the laggy hold ups of an Atom-powered net-top. On top of all that, it only draws 30W from the power supply, too – making it power efficient as well as cheap.
Stuff says...
Zotac Zbox nano XS AD11 Plus review
It could be the ultimate net-top or media centre: at the very least the Zbox Nano XS will redefine your expectations of a sub-Mac Mini sized PC |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42427 | Stuttgart Daily Leader - Stuttgart, AR
• TV's Most Memorable End Games
• That's a wrap! The stakes are rarely higher for a TV series than at the end of a season whether it's signing off until next fall with a climactic grand gesture or taking a well-earned final bow. As part ...
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• That's a wrap! The stakes are rarely higher for a TV series than at the end of a season - whether it's signing off until next fall with a climactic grand gesture or taking a well-earned final bow. As part of TV Guide Magazine's Finale Preview issue (on newsstands this week), and reflecting the magazine's ongoing celebration of its 60th anniversary, we take a fond look at 60 of the best series and season finales of all time. We hate goodbyes, except when they're done this well.
First, the Top 10:
1 Newhart (1990) "You won't believe the dream I just had." We'll never forget it, either. The delightfully nostalgic surprise ending - Bob Newhart rousing from an eight-season dream as Vermont innkeeper Dick Loudon, waking up as Chicago psychologist Bob Hartley alongside previous sitcom wife Suzanne Pleshette from The Bob Newhart Show - was one of TV's best-kept secrets ever. Also an instant, audacious classic.
2 The Fugitive (1967) Best payoff ever. After four years on the lam, Richard Kimball (David Janssen) confronts and defeats his wife's one-armed killer. Their thrilling battle drew a then-record 72 percent share of the TV audience.
3 Dallas(1980) Who shot J.R.? Everyone had a motive in the delicious Season 3 finale, igniting a media frenzy and setting the bar for all future cliffhangers. Because of an actors' strike, the answer wouldn't be revealed for another eight months, setting new ratings records.
4 The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1977) Comic genius with a poignant sting, as Mary and the rest of the WJM newsroom staff - except that idiot Ted Baxter - are fired, and a group hug becomes a hilarious mass shuffle to the tissue box. We needed one, too. Mary's wistful look back as she turns out the lights is a heartbreaker.
5 M*A*S*H (1983) Epic in emotional scope and length (two and a half hours), TV's most watched series finale gave the nation a sentimental catharsis as the beloved Army docs left Korea and each other's fine company.
Page 2 of 8 - 6 The Shield (2008) In a chilling, fitting and perfectly satisfying denouement, crooked cop Vic Mackey (Michael Chiklis) wins immunity from prosecution but loses everything that matters: family, friends and pride, trapped in a desk job that might as well be prison.
7 Lost (2007) A show infamous for game changers topped itself in the Season 3 finale when Jack wailed, "We have to go back!" Did he say back? We had flash-forwarded without even knowing it.
8 Friday Night Lights (2011) With wet eyes and uplifted heart, we watched Coach Eric and wife Tami Taylor put Texas in the rearview mirror as life moved on after one last inspiring championship season. Tim Riggins got the last words: "Texas forever," which is how long we'll remember this glorious series.
9 St. Elsewhere (1988) Do we really think the entire series took place within the imagination of an autistic child as he gazes upon a snow globe containing the edifice of St. Eligius? Hardly, but it's a haunting image preserving this landmark hospital drama in memory.
10 Six Feet Under (2005) Befitting a series so consumed with death, the rhapsodic final montage reveals how all of the Fishers meet their maker.
Here's an annotated list of 50 more finales, in alphabetical order:
Alias "Almost Thirty Years," Season 1 finale (2002) In captivity again, Sydney comes face-to-face with "The Man," who's actually her long-presumed-dead mom.
All in the Family The Stivics Go West," Season 8 finale (1978) Not a dry eye in the Bunker house as Mike and Gloria leave for California, and even Archie and the Meathead manage to make peace.
Arrested Development "Development Arrested," network series finale (2006) "Maybe a movie," says Ron Howard (finally seen, not just heard) in the meta climax, as Maebe pitches him her wacky family's story as a series. Would you believe a Netflix comeback first?
Page 3 of 8 - Battlestar Galactica "Lay Down Your Burdens," Season 2 finale (2006) The Cylons occupy New Caprica, no thanks to President Baltar.
Bonanza "A Matter of Circumstance," Season 11 finale (1970) An intense change-of-pace episode for the classic Western is shown largely from Little Joe's point-of-view, as he's injured by a spooked horse when left alone on the Ponderosa and considers amputating his broken arm.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer "Becoming," Season 2 finale (1998) Angel's soul is restored too late, and Buffy stabs him through the chest, sending him through a vortex into hell. No wonder she takes the first bus out of Sunnydale.
Cheers "One for the Road," series finale (1993) In one of the most anticipated and watched finales ever, Diane comes back to Boston, and she and Sam almost end up together. But he returns to the bar, and his friends, and when a new patron comes knocking, Sam announces, "Sorry, we're closed."
China Beach "Hello Goodbye," series finale (1991) In a moving coda to the Vietnam medical drama (recently released on DVD - yay!), the veterans reunite in 1988 and take a road trip to the memorial wall in Washington, D.C., exorcising old ghosts.
The Closer "Standards and Practices," Season 1 finale (2005) It took an entire season, but Brenda finally wins over the Priority Homicide squad, which rallies en masse to save her job when an "anonymous" complaint (hello, Capt. Taylor) is filed for "conduct unbecoming."
CSI "Living Doll," Season 7 finale (2007) Grissom discovers the identity of the Miniature Killer, but not before his beloved Sara is put in danger, exposing their relationship to the rest of the team.
Dexter "The Getaway," Season 4 finale (2010) Wrapping the show's finest season, Dexter takes down the Trinity Killer (Emmy winner John Lithgow), but returns home to a nasty surprise: Trinity's murder of Dexter's wife Rita, found in the bathtub, with little Harrison sitting in a pool of her blood.
Page 4 of 8 - Downton Abbey "Christmas at Downton Abbey," Season 2 finale (2012) The war is finally over, and Matthew proposes to Lady Mary in a snowy storybook ending.
Dynasty "The Testimony," Season 1 finale (1981) During Blake's murder trial (for his son's lover's accidental death), a surprise witness for the prosecution arrives: a veiled Alexis. We wouldn't see Joan Collins until Season 2. (Yes, the Moldavian Massacre was a bigger finale, but we'll save that for our "jump-the-shark" list.)
ER "Kisangani," Season 9 finale (2003) In a searing departure from all the Chicago melodrama, Carter joins Kovac in the war-torn Congo for a harrowing, inspiring mission of mercy.
Farscape "Die Me, Dichotomy," Season 2 finale (2001) A mega-cliffhanger, with Crichton literally speechless after his Scorpius neural chip is removed, leaving him in torment, reliving Aeryn's icy (though temporary) death.
Freaks and Geeks "Discos and Dragons," series finale (2000) Ended too soon, but left with a flourish, as Daniel (James Franco) embraces his inner "geek" with the A/V club and a game of Dungeons & Dragons, while Nick (Jason Segel) gets down to disco and Lindsay (Linda Cardellini) gets off the academic bus to follow the Dead for the summer.
Frasier "Something Borrowed, Something Blue," Season 7 finale (2000) Niles and Daphne finally acknowledge their love for each other - but he's a newlywed and it's her wedding day.
Friends "The One With Ross's Wedding," Season 4 finale (1998) Forget the misbegotten nuptials. This is the one where Monica and Chandler end up in bed in London after the rehearsal dinner. That changed everything.
Grey's Anatomy "Sanctuary/Death and All His Friends," Season 6 finale (2010) For two terrifying hours, a grieving gunman goes on a shooting rampage at the hospital, with casualties and corpses galore.
Page 5 of 8 - Homeland "Marine One," Season 1 finale (2011) A real nail-biter. Brody comes thisclose to activating his suicide vest in the VP's bunker, and Carrie gets electro-shock therapy just as she makes the connection between Brody and Abu Nazir.
House "Wilson's Heart," Season 4 finale (2008) Wilson can't save Amber after the bus crash that scrambled House's mind, and their bromance could be wrecked permanently.
I Love Lucy "Return Home From Europe," Season 5 finale (1956) Capping an arc of overseas misadventures, Lucy tries to fool customs by smuggling a giant Italian cheese onto the plane as a baby.
Knots Landing "Cement the Relationship," Season 8 finale (1987) Abby spends an entire Hitchcockian hour trying to bury Peter Hollister's body. After she does, cracks are discovered in the cement. D'oh!
The Larry Sanders Show "Flip," series finale (1998) Larry's final late-night show is more bitter than sweet, with bruised egos and star tantrums, but a final reconciliation for Larry, sidekick Hank and producer Artie leaves us sighing, "Hey now."
Law & Order "Aftershock," Season 6 finale (1996) Soul-searching in the aftermath of witnessing an execution ends in tragedy when ADA Claire Kincaid is killed in a drunk-driving collision.
Mad About You "The Final Frontier," series finale (1999) In a flash-forward, Paul and Jamie's adult daughter Mabel (Janeane Garofalo) makes a biopic about her parents, who separate but ultimately reunite for a romantic happy ending.
Mad Men "Shut the Door, Have a Seat," Season 3 finale (2009) A game- and life-changer, as the partners abruptly start their own firm (Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce) while Betty files for divorce from Don.
Marcus Welby, M.D. "Designs," Season 5 finale (1974) Nostalgia alert: Robert Young reunites with his Father Knows Best co-star Jane Wyatt in a romantic storyline complicated by the fact that she's married.
Page 6 of 8 - Melrose Place "The Big Bang Theory," Season 3 finale (1995) Crazy Kimberly Shaw prepares to blow the apartment complex to kingdom come.
Modern Family "Family Portrait," Season 1 finale (2010) The terrific end to a near-perfect debut season, as control-freak Claire gathers the clan to sit for a photo, all wearing white. What could possibly go wrong?
Murphy Brown "Birth 101," Season 4 finale (1992) Spectacular physical comedy, as a hysterical Murphy gives birth to baby Avery, with a sentimental finish, as she croons "You Make Me Feel Like a Natural Woman" to her soon-to-be-controversial newborn.
NCIS "Twilight," Season 2 finale (2005) A shocker, when Kate is fatally shot in the head in front of her colleagues by the evil Ari Haswari (later killed by his half-sister Ziva).
NYPD Blue "Safe Home," Season 6 finale (1999) A multiple-hanky workout. The long-suffering Job of police detectives, Andy Sipowicz, mourns the loss of wife Sylvia and ponders how to tell adorable little Theo, while the rest of the squad frets about his mental health and sobriety.
The Office "Company Picnic," Season 5 finale (2009) While Michael hopes to win back Holly at a Dunder-Mifflin outing, Pam's volleyball injury leads to the joyful discovery that she and Jim will soon be parents.
Seinfeld "The Pilot," Season 4 finale (1993) Airing the same night as the epic Cheers finale, this meta milestone involves the chaotic taping of Jerry's sitcom pilot and its instant cancellation. Art did not imitate life.
Sex and the City "An American Girl in Paris," series finale (2004) In Carrie's appropriately fairy-tale ending, Big sweeps her off her feet and whisks her from Paris back to Manhattan, where we learn his first name: John.
The Simpsons "Who Shot Mr. Burns?" Season 6 finale (1995) A playful tweaking of the Dallas J.R. phenomenon, as Springfield's Most Hated is plugged - but by whom?
Page 7 of 8 - Smallville "Finale," series finale (2011) We waited 10 years for this high-flying climax. Clark saves the world, and Lois, one last time, achieving his destiny as the Man of Steel and finally putting on the iconic suit.
The Sopranos "Whitecaps," Season 4 finale (2002) The non-ending seris finale? No thanks. The emotionally bruising episode in which Tony and Carmela have it out over his infidelities and separate was much more memorable.
Star Trek: The Next Generation "The Best of Both Worlds," Season 3 finale (1990) Capt. Picard is assimilated by the mighty and fearsome Borg. Call him Locutus. Resistance is futile, but will that stop the Enterprise?
Supernatural "No Rest for the Wicked," Season 3 finale (2008) Dean's time runs out, and after being mauled by hellhounds, his soul is trapped in a truly nightmarish Hell.
Survivor "The Final Four," Season 1 finale (2000) Susan Hawk's riveting "snakes and rats" diatribe, as she lashed out at Richard Hatch and Kelly Wiglesworth in the breakthrough season's final tribal council, has yet to be topped.
24 "11:00 pm-12:00 am," Season 1 finale (2002) Poor Jack Bauer. He saved the day, but couldn't rescue wife Teri from evil mole Nina. As the clock strikes midnight, he holds Teri's lifeless body in despair.
The Vampire Diaries "The Departed," Season 3 finale (2012) The transition begins. To bring Elena back to life after drowning, she is given vampire blood, and the endangered human population of Mystic Falls shrinks by one.
The Waltons "An Easter Story," Season 1 finale (1973) America wept (at least my household did) when Earth Mother Olivia Walton contracts polio.
Page 8 of 8 - Weeds "Go," Season 3 finale (2007) As Agrestic goes up in smoke, Nancy burns down the house and flees for points South. The show would never quite be the same, or as good, again.
The West Wing "Two Cathedrals," Season 2 finale (2001) An electrifying, pivotal moment for President Bartlet, who curses God for taking Mrs. Landingham while debating whether to run for re-election as he prepares to make his multiple sclerosis public.
Will & Grace "A.I. Artificial Insemination," Season 4 finale (2002) One word: Cher.
The Wonder Years "Summer/Independence Day," series finale (1993) "Growing up happens in a heartbeat," the adult Kevin Arnold reminds us, projecting into the future to reveal that while Kevin and Winnie didn't end up together, everything turned out all right for this family man, who still regards his childhood with wonder.
The X-Files "Anasazi," Season 2 finale (1995) A thrill a minute as the alien conspiracy kicks into full gear. David Duchovny helped concoct the story for this cliffhanger, in which Mulder's father is killed, and the "Spooky" agent ends up in peril in a New Mexico boxcar filled with alien-like corpses.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42472 | Wednesday, January 29th 2014
Raijintek Unveils the RHEA CPU Cooler
Raijintek has today announced its newest cooling solution, a budget CPU cooler called RHEA. Measuring 93 (W) x59 (D) x 118 (H) mm, the cooler features an aluminum heatsink with three 6 mm direct contact copper heatpipes, and is equipped with one 92 mm Sleeve Bearing PWM fan that runs at 800 to 2200 RPM and has a maximum sound output of 27.9 dBA.
RHEA includes support for Intel LGA 1150/1155/1156 processors. No word yet on pricing.
Add your own comment
2 Comments on Raijintek Unveils the RHEA CPU Cooler
No support for AMD sockets then?
Posted on Reply
by: Mathragh
No support for AMD sockets then?
just take a Hyper TX3 Evo from cooler master ... they include a AMD mounting.
after comparison of the other Raijintek cooler ... here come the "CM hyper TX3 Evo" copycat without even a modification .... and with a slightly worse fan holding.
Well i hope the RHEA is AMD compatible because the TX3 is, since they share the same base (and the rest)
wait the Hyper TX3 Evo copy was the Themis... oh it's not a HDT
by: GreiverBlade
thinking of it: every cooler from Raijintek look like another one from another brand
Aidos : CM Hyper 212s
Themis : CM hyper Tx3 Evo
Ereboss: TR HR-02 Macho Rev.A
Pallas: TR AXP100-200
Zelos: Tt ISGC 100 (without the looping heatpipe and the space between the base and the top part)
Posted on Reply |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42473 | Mac and iPad help: 50 solutions to try
Trouble with your new Mac or iPad? Here are the fixes you need
50 mac and iPad problems solved
Anyone who uses a Mac or an iOS device such as an iPhone, iPad or iPod touch will know that they are, for the most part, a joy to use. This realisation often comes as a pleasant surprise to people who have switched from using Windows, or another mobile operating system.
But there can be few people who haven't had the odd glitch or hiccup with their prized possession either. As good as Apple is, not everything works perfectly the whole time: such a device has yet to be invented.
Whether you can't seem to connect to a wireless network, your Mac is getting slower or won't start up, or there's something that annoys you about your workflow, everyone has an issue from time to time.
The good news is that the vast majority of these problems are easily solved, sometimes by performing the classic switching off and on again, but more often by performing a little housekeeping, changing a setting or modifying the way you approach things.
With our guide to solving the most commonly encountered problems, you too can take control of your Mac or iOS device, and maybe even save yourself a trip to the Genius Bar.
Get up to speed on slowdowns
1. Clear out the clutter
iTunes chooser
It's easy to practice bad file management, but leaving tons of data lying around will quickly fill up a hard drive, especially if it consists of thousands of large pictures and music files.
You can copy your iTunes and iPhoto libraries to external hard drives to free up space, from the Pictures and Music folders inside your Home directory. When booting either app, hold the Option key to bring up the chooser window, and select the library's new location.
2. Only run what you need
Applications use resources and memory even when they are hidden or in the background. Some, like music or video production apps, use lots of RAM just by being open. It's bad practice to leave lots of apps open if you're not using them, so try to be economical.
If you're finished with an app, quit it. You should find that this makes the system snappier, and other apps more responsive, especially on older Macs.
3. Upgrade your OS
upgrade OS
Older systems such as OS X 10.5 Leopard can be sluggish and if your Mac hasn't been updated, it will feel slow. Most recent Intel Macs can be upgraded as far as OS X 10.6, which is much snappier, and perhaps 10.7 or 10.8 if the Mac is newer.
A clean install will fix any unexplained problems but make doubly sure that you have full backups of all your data. If in doubt, do an upgrade rather than a clean install.
4. Restart periodically
OS X is designed to be left running for long periods of time, and will perform maintenance on itself as it runs. Some people rarely restart their Macs, choosing instead to put them to sleep.
However, if you find you are having problems with things like peripherals not being recognised or wireless connectivity not working, a restart will very often fix the problem since it forces your Mac to re-load drivers and re-establish connections with external equipment.
5. Keep an eye on Time Machine
time machine
Time Machine is an excellent backup system that can really save your bacon in an emergency. If left switched on, it will perform back-ups at hourly intervals. However, this can sometimes interfere if you are doing resource-intensive work like video or music creation or gaming.
You can choose to back up manually, which is good if you are conscienscious about backing up, or use a free app such as TimeMachineScheduler to alter the schedule to something slightly less intensive, like six hours.
Two essential speed-up tips
login items
1. Fit more memory
Macs now ship with a sensible amount of RAM but they still prefer more than the standard allocation. Open the System Profiler from your Applications > Utilities folder and under the RAM tab, see how much you have installed, as well as how many free slots you have. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42479 | Construction and Performance Studies of a Pseudo-Orthogonal Code for Fiber Optic CDMA LAN
Date Added: Jan 2012
Format: PDF
A pseudo-orthogonal prime sequence code and a modified prime sequence code using the elements of Galoi's Field (GF) for a particular prime number have been developed. Bit-error rate performances using Gaussian approximation technique have been made. The capacities of the prime sequence codes are determined. Detailed simulation results on the performance of the codes are presented. The codes are useful for medium access in fiber optic CDMA LAN. Fiber Optical Code Division Multiple-Access (FO-CDMA) that allows multiple users to share a common optical channel simultaneously and asynchronously, is considered as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation broadband access network. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42480 | How do captive portals work?
It's an everyday scenario: you go to a hotel or Wi-Fi hotspot and find a wireless or wired connection, but instead of getting your homepage when you bring up your browser, you get a custom page from the service provider asking you to pay for the service. You've hit a captive portal, and it's how the service provider makes sure that they get paid for what they are offering.
The technology is relatively simple because you are, by definition, using their network. They configure their systems to accept your initial network traffic (in this case, your request for Web content from your homepage's server) but instead of passing that request along, they redirect you to their sign-in page. This redirection can be done in a number of ways, but the basic functionality is built into the HTTP standard (the status codes in the 300-range describe the various options). Any non-web traffic, such as SMTP for email, or FTP, is typically blocked using a firewall of some type, but may be caught and redirected by a particularly sophisticated captive portal.
Once you sign in and pay up, the captive portal stops interfering with your traffic, and reverts to the usual 'pass through' mode. The next time you try to connect, it checks your identity (usually by looking at your machine's relevant MAC address) and silently let you through if you are still in the time-window of service. Otherwise, it's back to square one.
So, to summarise, the captive portal provider needs: a redirection mechanism for Web traffic, a traffic-blocking mechanism of some sort (firewall, 802.1x, etc) to constrain you, a sign-in facility, a payments gateway of some sort, and some form of identity repository for keeping track of who is a paid-up known customer and who is not. None of these components are particularly obscure or difficult to find, but if you are looking to build a captive portal you probably shouldn't try to reinvent the wheel. You can find complete packaged hardware-and-software solutions from the usual suspects (Cisco, Juniper, etc), as well as smaller-scale software solutions from multiple vendors. If you want to use free and open-source software, you'll easily be able to find many solutions on-line.
Tim Cranny is Chief Architect at Senforce Technologies. He is also an editorial board member of the Wireless Vulnerabilities and Exploits project. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42500 | _ | \ | \ | | \ __ | |\ \ __ _____________ _/_/ | | \ \ _/_/ _____________ | ___________ _/_/ | | \ \ _/_/ ___________ | | | _/_/_____ | | > > _/_/_____ | | | | /________/ | | / / /________/ | | | | | | / / | | | | | |/ / | | | | | | / | | | | | / | | | | |_/ | | | | | | | | c o m m u n i c a t i o n s | | | |________________________________________________________________| | |____________________________________________________________________| ...presents... Dance of the Cow by Akira >>> a cDc publication.......1990 <<< -cDc- CULT OF THE DEAD COW -cDc- ______________________________________________________________________________ ...And so it was in those days that Cow did come forth, having forsaken the peace of death in return for the promise of renewed glory... and the Dancers of the Cow were plentiful, fulfilling the ancient rites with their purity and self-cleansing. The Chant did spring forth onto the Land, and throughout the World, to every corner of the Earth, did the haunting lilt of the Chant extend. The wind did carry the name of Cow to all who listened. "May the Promise of Bovine Restfulness be with us all. Let Humanity know that Cow has returned." Thus did the cry ring out - over hill, over dale did the name of Cow extend, until the Universe chanted in rhythm with the Dancers. The Holy Circle did expand, yea, unto a tumultuous whirlpool of raw emotion and festivity. ...And Cow did proclaim with all heartfelt sincerity to those assembled, "Moo." The four winds blew across the world, taking Cow's wisdom wherever they went. The audience of the Cosmos replied, as one, "We listen and we obey, O Cow!" But soon did the Evil One come forth, proclaiming to the Dancers of the Cow that their deeds were reprehensible, that the wondrous fluids and juices of Cow could ne'er again be used, that any follower of Cow who danced to the Rhythm would be forever imprisoned in The Pit. The Dancers were wary, and yea, brother did turn against brother, and servant upon master, and pupil upon teacher. Dark times descended upon the followers of Cow, the cry extending over all the Earth. "Why hast thou forsaken us, O Cow? Where are thy wondrous elixirs and potions? Thy powerful lows of wisdom which rain down upon us like a fountain of spittle?" But the Cow did not make its presence known. The followers of Cow did weep and wail and rend their garments and smear themselves with the sacrificial ashes, and still was Cow nowhere to be found. And in those days there was a thunderous roaring in the Heavens, and the High Priestess of Cow did proclaim to those who mourned, "Cow battles with the Evil One!" And so the Call went forth for all who knew of Cow to come together and aid in the defeat of the Evil One, he who did proclaim that Cow's wondrous fungal miracles were abomination. The days, verily the years, passed; still the battle in the Heavens raged on... until, in the depths of the darkest night, the rumble ceased. All who followed Cow looked to the Heavens, praying that they may be rescued from this dark turn of events... and lo! An app- arition formed in the Heavens! Cow bellowed forth triumphantly! Tremendous amounts of milk of knowledge and cud of wisdom and juice of happiness beyond all tally and imagination did rain from the Heavens, and all was suddenly silent. The Heavens were stilled, and Cow did return to the Dancers, and the Dancers of Cow did rejoice long after... _ _ ____________________________________________________________________ /((___))\|The Dead Zone........214/522-5321|Demon Roach Undrgrnd..806/794-4362| [ x x ] |Grassroots...........619/460-3249|NIHILISM..............415/285-9453| \ / |The People Farm......916/673-8412|Tequila Willy's GSC...209/526-3194| (' ') |Lunatic Labs.........213/655-0691|The Works.............617/861-8976| (U) |====================================================================| .ooM |(c)1990 cDc communications by Akira. 07/23/90-#147| \_______/|All Rights Pissed Away. | |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42537 | The Fresh Loaf
News & Information for Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts
mixer for doughmaking
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the doughman
mixer for doughmaking
hello fellow bread makers i have recently joined the ranks of prospective bread makers and was very please to find this site as a home for my trouble.i will probably finish up baking bread and cakesof some descriptiony every day now that i don't have to go to work anymore. no i didn't win the lottery or marry a rich widow i have finally reached the ripe old age of 65 and will very soon now be receiving so much cash from the gov' each week that all my money worries will be over. thats providing gordon brown doesn't steal any more of it, lets face it he's had enough of it already. he even robbed my little private pension that i paid extra for out of my taxable earnings. damn crook and he wants my vote to keep him in power. no chance. anyway to better things.
i am a complete beginner so will rely heavily on the recipes and advise found on this site until i learn better. that also probably means i will ask some very basic stupid questions in the forum the first of wich is already there about mixers in the gear sectionthats enough for now so cheerio be back tomorrow
holds99's picture
Glad you have joined us loafers. Your description of Gordon Brown could fit nearly any politician :-) Like baseball cards.. I'll trade you 2 Cheney's for a Brown.
Howard - St. Augustine, FL
dmsnyder's picture
it is unkind to foist a weapon of mass destruction on a friendly neighbor! Not to mention two! David
holds99's picture
Completely lost my head there for a moment...must be the flour dust and wild yeast that's making me soooo crazy. Doc says symtoms should disappear around January :-)
Howard - St. Augustine, FL
dougal's picture
... you have to filter US hardware advice!
Reading around this forum, you'll see that the Electrolux DLX gets very good word of mouth. Unfortunately, Electrolux don't offer it in the UK.
However it is available in some parts of Europe. Lacking pals in Scandinavia or Germany, you might try the shop in Luxembourg that occasionally offers them on eBay. BTW, the terms "DLX" and "Magic Mill" don't seem to be used in Europe. Look for things called Assistent N22, N24 or N26 (which actually mean more or less included accessories). And yes, Electrolux do spell it Assistent. Really.
As a domestic dough mixer, its the thing to aspire to. It is usable for other stuff, but I'm not sure whether it has a similar advantage over the competition for other mixing tasks.
For smaller quantities - doughs with 500g or so of flour - you are in Kenwood territory. KitchenAid machines are damn expensive in Europe as compared to their US prices, so unless you really like the colour options...
I've heard it said that KA is better than Kenwood for cake mixing - because of a smaller tool/bowl clearance. This is actually easily (but spanner) adjustable on Kenwoods - if needed. And with the new "flexible" Kenwood beater, this becomes a total non-issue, since that wipes the bowl.
Older, but recentish, Chefs were, if not underpowered, less meaty than the more recent ranges. The KM 0xx series are much more potent than the older KM 2xx models.
Antique 700 series machines only take the antique 700 series attachments. Not the current attachments. But the 900 series and KM's take the current attachments.
"Majors" have bigger (taller) bowls. (Bowls and bowl tools, natch aren't interchangeable between Chef and Major.) Some Chefs have stronger motors than some Majors! Check the detailed spec for the machine you are considering! Google is your friend.
There is one (expensive) Major model line intended for commercial use - uniquely it has pushbuttons for on/off and a particularlty robust gearbox. Its expensive, noisy, and understandably a bit rare!
For dough mixing, don't even consider any machine less rugged (lighter weight) than a Kenwood Chef.
Some might suggest a food processor as an alternative to a mixer. Personally, I wouldn't. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42544 | All that stored sunlight
Justine Jordan applauds a debut that weaves human comedy with powerful nature writing
Literature's outsiders tend to be male, so it's refreshing to meet Anne, the unlikely heroine of Laura Beatty's offbeat first novel. The odd one out among her ratty little siblings, she was, by the time she was 14, "too high and too wide for most of them to notice". She likes words, but "never achieved full understanding"; she is a lumpen, unwanted presence in the crowded family home, and her future looks like a choice between the abattoir and the poultry plant. And yet, visible from her bedroom window, is the forest: "so many tall things and so happy", pulling her towards it "for a bit of space, a little quiet and to put her size into perspective".
One day, she decides to stay; and after the terror of first nightfall ("Don't attempt the wood on a night as dark as this ... There's too much of your own mind out there"), Pollard becomes her survival story. Beatty's description of the slow process by which Anne goes native - building first a lean-to, then a wooden hut; damming herself a pool; eventually creating a chicken run and vegetable garden - is meticulous and utterly convincing. She steals a dustbin for an oven, digs out a cold store, dries and grinds worms for protein: a 21st-century Robinson Crusoe in the heart of England.
Of course, the modern world is never far away; this is a managed forest, with a café, where they talk to her loudly but tolerate her presence, and a Ranger, who turns a blind eye in return for produce. On her travels, foraging for food and litter, she meets dog walkers and doggers; sees her father cycle past on his way to work ("He didn't cross the road or anything") and even bumps into her unpleasant sister Suzie ("Who the fuck of all the crazy cows ... What do you think you look like?"). Beatty very subtly shows us Anne, who could never define herself, through the eyes of others, including the damaged Falklands veteran who teaches her about survival, and the young boy "Peter Parker", with whom she develops a prickly friendship. Her feelings for these two are as intense and uncontrollable as they are inexpressible. Beatty has a wonderful ear for voice, especially the voices of children, and the characters she constructs through Anne's skewed perception are funny and heartbreaking by turns; but what is really impressive is how she weaves her human comedy with the most powerful nature writing.
Through Anne, Beatty describes with intimate, slow-gained knowledge the flora and fauna and the passage of seasons, Anne struggling through the dead white fogs of winter or strolling summer's "loops of green light". She has noticed how birds always face into the fiercest wind; how "inside a wood, rain is sound first and wet second"; how "Owls can't fly at all. They make a right mess of it, wings everywhere, rocking about. Chaos." Most of all, she describes the trees, from their autumn leaves, bright with "all that stored sunlight", to spring's "secret of transformation . . . turning by multiplication the sealed scales of the bud into fistfuls of leaves".
The trees - "always moving, going nowhere" - act as a chorus, punctuating the novel with their stoical, impassive observations: "Let it go." "Most things have no cure." "We are still working with water and with light." These sections, along with the Prologue, have a rhetorical staginess, as well as a narrative uncertainty, that the rest of the novel - so direct and sure - mercifully lacks. The Prologue shows us Anne as an old woman drifting about the town, "no one at home", before taking us back to her young days in the wood; when she was, indeed, at home. Yet this framing device, with its intimations of disaster, feels unnecessary; as does the rather florid climax in which Beatty gestures at universality, when the central narrative was so precisely about Anne as an individual.
"You do change with exposure." Beatty doesn't labour the point, but over time we see Anne becoming "hard as wood", her fingers "jointed and knobbled like roots". Curling up through winter, hibernating, she adopts animal rhythms. When she bags her first pheasant, she boils and eats the lot, drinks the cooking water, and sleeps it off like a lion; she and the fox are the wood's "great predators". She begins to speak bird. Through Anne - as both individual and symbol of the forest that has accepted her, but is now "growing signs" about cycle tracks and walkways - Beatty explores questions of ownership and access, wilderness and desecration. "I don't need bag ladies in my wood," says Ranger. Once discovered by him, and throughout their uneasy feudal relationship, Anne is never at ease again; fallen from her state of nature, she starts to question her own role in the forest, to feel her alienation from the natural cycle. Peter Parker bursts into her clearing like a child of nature, who "fitted himself like a glove ... made without awkwardness", but Anne's existence baffles and repels him by turns.
Beatty's forest is both a modern, managed location and a magical place encircling its hundreds of years of history. Anne's hut, its walls decorated with scores of abandoned dummies hung on nails, must look like a witch's lair (and on a fairy-tale reading of the novel, Anne is not backward but a moon-faced changeling). In Pollard, Beatty beautifully conveys the loneliness and the ecstasy of an unknowable character, and the charged, complex presence of the natural world around us. Both are too often only in our peripheral vision; she looks at them directly. This novel heralds an exceptional talent. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42547 | Davos: are the captains of capitalism finally paying attention?
The presence of bosses at the World Economic Forum's side shows suggests a willingness to engage with the real world
• The Observer,
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By yesterday morning in Davos, workmen were already up ladders in the freezing mountain air, dismantling the hoardings that had transformed the resort town's cafes into slickly branded hangouts for super-rich business leaders. By tonight, the thousands of sleek plutocrats who have thronged its streets and bars will have jetted out, turning it back into a sleepy Alpine ski town.
It's easy to mock the World Economic Forum. After the session on global development on Thursday evening, delegates emerged from hearing about the plight of the world's hungry to see a lavish Chinese buffet laid out just outside the conference hall. As they tucked in, a band struck up with Abba's Money, Money, Money.
This year's theme was "resilient dynamism", one of those vacuous pieces of managementese that could just as easily mean oiling the wheels of the capitalist machine, as anything pertaining to the WEF's motto of "improving the state of the world". A lone, polite protester, quietly handing out flyers urging attendees to spare "a moment's silence for the victims of greed", was almost the only sign of the tumultuous world outside.
Yet even here, at the ultimate corporate schmooze-fest, there were signs of disquiet among the captains of capitalism. JP Morgan boss Jamie Dimon reacted furiously to the suggestion that global banks are too big to be safe, insisting they had been "ports in the storm"; and the prevalence of big bosses at events covering everything from tackling youth unemployment to "de-risking Africa" was a clear demonstration that they feel they have to offer the public a more compelling raison d'etre than profit maximisation alone.
In the years when the Washington consensus really was just that, the kind of deregulated capitalism that created the plutocrats of Davos was unapologetic. Its champions are quieter now. But if there is a fairer alternative out there, its proponents will need to shout a lot more loudly to get themselves heard up there in the mountains.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42554 | Modern manners: eating on public transport
Is tucking into anything more substantial than a bag of sweets on the bus or train unforgivably inconsiderate or just a fact of life?
Revellers say farewell to drinking on the Tube
Revellers say farewell to drinking on the tube in London. Is it time eating was banned on public transport too? Photograph: Ann Tornkvist/Getty Images
If any food could be described as rough and ready, it's the burrito. Uncompromisingly bulky, unmistakably odoriferous, and inevitably messy, it's the kind of food that you probably don't want to pick for a first date. In fact, it's definitely something that's best enjoyed in private, or in the company of the sort of friends who aren't put off their conversational stroke by a smear of salsa on the nose or a scrap of coriander sprouting from the teeth.
Unfortunately, last week I found myself on the bus in possession of this fine foodstuff. I didn't intend to eat it on board – I'd relied upon the usual delays to give me ample time to enjoy it at the stop, but for once the number 38 was on time, pulling up just as I was breaking through the tangy rice to the savoury slow-cooked pork beneath. I was torn: to pause, and risk my beautiful lunch turning into a sodden, lukewarm mess, or continue in the sure and certain knowledge that I was offending my fellow passengers, a few of whom had already given my foil-wrapped companion the eye.
People eat on public transport all the time, I told myself. It's no big deal. I assumed the hunched posture common to all seasoned burrito eaters not in possession wipe-clean clothing, and took a furtive bite. And then another. And a lump of guacamole dropped on to my jumper, and I was miserably conscious of a piece of rice adhering to my cheek, and I realised that not only was I guilty of not giving this wonderful lunch the respect it deserved, I wasn't even enjoying it.
I thought of all the times I'd rolled my eyes at the perfume of fried chicken on the night bus, or had a half-empty drinks can roll stickily down the top deck to collide with my shoe as the vehicle braked sharply. I remembered moving away from people who'd boarded the Intercity with a burger, and once watching a woman eat a bowl of cereal on an early tube into work. And I wondered, is it ever acceptable to eat on public transport?
In an ideal world we'd all have time to sit down and eat a proper lunch or dinner at the table (or at the kitchen worktop, or on our laps, as the mood takes us), but for some, going from job to job and only home to sleep, the daily commute is the only chance to refuel. For these hard-working sorts, eating on the hoof is a necessity – and as long as they bring napkins, take their litter with them and refrain from hard-boiled eggs on hot days, they shouldn't be condemned for it.
Children are also special cases: sometimes they just need to eat, and most of us would rather see a toddler massacre a digestive than listen to the same child wail for 10 stops. But for the rest of us, surely it's better to wait and enjoy our meal a little bit more, a little bit later? Eating in public might not be taboo these days, but, as with snogging or filing your nails, that doesn't make it any more pleasant for everyone else.
What do you think – is digging into anything more substantial than a bag of sweets on the bus inconsiderate, or a fact of life? Should we follow Singapore's example, and ban eating and drinking on public transport altogether? And is there anything more likely to get you to move seats than a warm tuna sandwich? |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42561 | Spooks you, sir: ghosts caught on camera
The ghostly images voted the best in the world
Ever since the dawn of photography, ghosts have been popping up in pictures. The Victorians were besotted by the idea that capturing a moment in time could also fix forever the spectres they thought surrounded them. From artistic representations of angels and ephemeral figures, it was a short step to faking images, with figures clad in sheets or strands of suspiciously material ectoplasm issuing from mouths to fool the credulous.
Later, the so-called Cottingley fairies – little illustrations cut out of magazines and stuck up in the back garden with hat-pins by two enterprising schoolgirls – were convincing enough to fool Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who was desperate to believe in spirits. That innocent fakery convinced many others until the 1980s when the two girls – by then old ladies - admitted what they had done .
Even the discrediting of spiritualism hasn't ended the quest for a genuine, 100% copper-bottomed ghost photos. Spectre hunters have long set up complicated cameras in supposedly haunted houses to film anything flitting past.
No ghost photo has been definitively proved, but the latest have been put on display in advance of a conference at the Edinburgh science festival next week. Ten of the best have been put up online. Spooky or what? Here are the top five, in reverse order:
5) Eek! Look carefully at the BMW's passenger-side wing mirror? Who can that young woman be? And why, more interestingly, did the car's owner choose to take a picture of his prize possession at such a strange angle? If he couldn't hold the camera straight, how can we be sure that the mirror image isn't just a reflection?
Unexplained ghostly images
A face in a car's wing mirror. Photograph: PA
4) Now here's a thing: a ghost prowling a beach. The walkers were not alone. Or could it just be an inlet in the rock formation? Refocus your eyes and the answer's obvious.
Unexplained ghostly images
A dark hooded figure standing at the water's edge. Photograph: PA
3) And here's a ghost trotting past the camera as a photograph was taken. Why would he do that? Doesn't he know it's polite to walk round the back of the photographer? Or could it just be someone hurrying past to get out of shot unnoticed? Or another of those pesky twilight double exposures?
Unexplained ghostly images
A strange shadowy figure next to the couple. Photograph: PA
2) Another figure lurking in the woods. You need the eye of faith to spot him, or her. Come out! Show yourself – unless you're just a configuration of branches, that is.
Unexplained ghostly images
A ghostly figure in the tree. Photograph: PA
1) Prize exhibit: the figure in the window opening at Tantallon castle in Scotland last May.
Unexplained ghostly images
A figure in period costume at Tantallon Castle in Scotland. Photograph: Christopher Aitchison/PA
This one's gone the whole hog by dressing up in costume. The photographer says no one was about and there were no mannequins that might have stood in for a ghost in the vicinity. The investigators say the window space is accessible to the public and has a rough stone wall behind it. Could that account for the configuration? It's certainly very curious says professor Richard Wiseman of the University of Hertfordshire, who, it so happens, is leading the conference.
Convinced? One rap for yes. Two raps for no. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42570 | Comedy gold: Lisa Lampanelli's Take It Like a Man
Race, creed, colour, gender … nothing is sacred in this standup comedian's pungent yet oddly uplifting comic philosophy
Warning: this article contains offensive language
Lisa Lampanelli
'Don't try this at home' … Lisa Lampanelli combines brass with sheer class. Photograph: Rex Features Rex Features/Rex Features
Title: Take It Like a Man
Year: 2005
The setup: Irony. That's the one idea that stands between Lisa Lampanelli and utter viciousness, and she pushes against it pretty hard. I've watched a lot of transgressive comedians – Frankie Boyle, Jimmy Carr, Sarah Silverman, Doug Stanhope, Scott Capurro, Stewart Lee, Joan Rivers and plenty more – and, if you see transgressive comedy as a competition to find out who can trample heaviest on the most sacred ground, then Lisa Lampanelli wins.
We're going to need examples, which is going to be difficult. You have been warned. "There's always those soccer-mom types who come to see me hoping I'll be a female comic," she says, "You know, who talks about PMS and dating." I can't print what she says next, but the gist is that soccer moms won't much like her, and you'll find what she has to say about them here.
Lampanelli doesn't just get kicks from rudeness, though. Indeed, she brings an unusually clear comic philosophy to the stage, which in this – her first HBO special – she buttresses with mission statements. "At heart, let's admit it, we're all alike," she says. "We've got to get every race, creed, colour, gender into one room, lighten up and laugh at ourselves." And those principles are easy to agree with, in theory. Put into practice, however, they result in jokes about how Lampanelli likes giving oral sex to black men because this makes up for slavery. Then she starts wondering aloud if slavery was really that bad.
In some ways the show is a kind of roast, an American tradition not much known in the UK, where a famous comedian (usually) is given tribute by their peers with a stream of funny insults, which they have to sit and take in public. Any weaknesses will be probed without mercy. Because everybody knows the rules, the ceremony can be very loving and cathartic. That's how it is in Lampanelli's shows, but rather than one dear friend, all of her fellow humans are on the spit. (And, for what it's worth, she does have a record of caring.)
Funny, how? It's the material that monopolises your attention. How can it not be when she is prepared to say, for instance, to a Chinese or perhaps Korean member of the audience: "Oh my God, look at them slanty eyes! You never know what they're thinking. They're shifty, aren't they? … I don't want to make him blush, he'll turn orange."
Its delivery is everything, and that is where Lampanelli's incredible technique comes in. Usually those words would be hate speech. ("Don't try this at home," she warns us at the beginning of the show, and it is good advice.) Here, though, they are spoken as lightly as if she were asking us the time. Sarah Silverman is the obvious comparison, but where Silverman is often doe-eyed and faux-naive, Lampanelli is as brassy as a rack of tubas. Watch the cheerful exuberance with which she goes about things, and you'll find no buried resentment over all the stuff you're not meant to say, no flicker of anxiety about how her comments might go down.
What she serves up, no question, can be a weapon in enemy hands, or even just used carelessly. Michael Richards has tried to walk this line in the past, and got it very wrong. Sometimes Lampanelli gets it wrong, too. In this show, however, she gets it magnificently right. (And she has discovered, as Richard Pryor did, a policy of avoiding "the n-word".) In the process, besides making us laugh, she achieves something wonderful. By making fools of all of us, she shows that we are at least all in this great mess of a world together.
Comic cousins: Sarah Silverman, Joan Rivers, Scott Capurro, Doug Stanhope, Jerry Sadowitz, Frankie Boyle
Steal this (if you must): [About a bald man] "Looking at this head reminds me to go home and clean my dildo. That's not true. Mine's black." |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42571 | The 103rd King William's College Quiz
Who 'discovered' Vortigern and where did hyoid misrepresentation cause multinational distress? Pit your wits against this year's fiendishly difficult questions.
The answers
General Knowledge Paper 2007-2008, sat by the pupils of King William's College, Isle of Man
1. During the year 1907:
1 - what became the 46th?
2 - what theft denied Castletown his investiture?
3 - what revolutionary washing product came from Düsseldorf?
4 - who brought bulls, wolves, curlews and ravens to Poole Harbour?
5 - who, despite his inferiority to his bhisti, gained the highest award
in his field?
6 - what 'vile and inhuman story told in the foulest language'
precipitated riots in the capital?
7 - who was the first to receive a death sentence at the Old Bailey for
8 - which unique seven-master came to grief on Hellweather's Reef?
9 - whose return for 1st June was 31.1 - 14 - 48 - 17?
10 - what started on Tuesday 28th May at 10 am?
2. Which fictitious school:
1 - was convenient for the Cockchafer at Maltby?
2 - lay in a cradle of fog and fog-bound pestilence?
3 - stressed the four D's: Dramatics, Dance, Debating and Dating?
4 - was a long and cold-looking house, one story high, with a few
straggling outbuildings behind, and a barn and stable adjoining?
5 - was founded in the eighth century by a Saxon saint and was the
abode of monks until the Dissolution of the Monasteries?
6 - had been partially endowed in the middle of the nineteenth century
by the wealthy widow of a bookbinder, who had been an admirer
of Garibaldi before she died?
7 - boasted an observatory to study worms, the fortifications to pot at
gamekeepers and that round thing which hav no use at all?
8 - towered behind the crumbling fragment of a picturesque fort,
which rose high above the beach?
9 - allowed students to bring an owl OR a cat OR a toad?
10 - accommodated The Fat Owl of the Remove?
1 - who 'discovered' Vortigern?
2 - which Old Borstalian was unmasked by Oberhuber?
3 - which epistle, allegedly from Grigori, helped Stanley to defeat
4 - who created documents covering an 11-year period, supposedly
found in a hayloft in the DDR?
5 - who produced a group of physicians to prove his innocence, but
laid himself open to alternative charges?
6 - who was able, through his own work, to convince experts that the
painter Martini was also a sculptor?
7 - which self-styled Japanese heathen described an island where
broiled serpents were a favourite dish?
8 - in what was the mandible of pygmaeus equipped with the dentition
of troglodytes?
9 - who palmed off depictions of a Brighton suburb, but later owned
10 - who provided Lűbeck with an anachronistic fowl?
1 - after which action were eleven decorated for valour?
2 - where did the Tidy Pachyderm start his journey to the Limpopo?
3 - who was described by James Arcoll as a sort of black Napoleon?
4 - who replaced Cartwright and caused a quarter of a century's
5 - who acquainted the Tswana people with the confusing story of
Egeon's twin sons?
6 - who loved honey with a passion that we, with a sweet-shop on
every corner, cannot hope to understand?
The answers will be printed in The Guardian newspaper
towards the end of January 2008 and will also be posted on
King William's College website:
7 - who regretted lack of achievement, with so large an
outstanding agenda?
8 - who was the victim of a tapeworm's instruction to a
9 - which flagship was accompanied by Reijger and Goede Hoope?
10 - where was government conducted from a railway siding?
1 - what is Penwith?
2 - whence 19/20 at Manchester?
3 - wherein - two legless paupers confined to dustbins?
4 - whose work on crop rotation earned him a derogatory nickname?
5 - which tragic tale ended 'I'm too tired and old to learn to love,
leave me alone for ever'?
6 - where did the congregation consist of an old marsh-donkey and a
wet yoke-weary bullock?
7 - where did Jack spend ½d on a roll and ½d on some cheese at a
Chandler's Shop?
8 - where were pigs' teeth stuck into the trunk of a wych-elm?
9 - what began as a settlement on the Prittle Brook?
10 - what overlooks Sprinkling Tarn?
1 - whose papal audience proved fatal?
2 - who is remembered for his petrol bomb?
3 - who introduced us to an uncle and three sisters?
4 - who, during 14 years of generous subsidies, never met his
5 - which monarch outscored his English counterpart in his marital
6 - whose complicity in the murder of his lover's spouse insured the
imperatricial succession?
7 - which spitefully insulted cuckold was fatally wounded by his
8 - whose predictions were acknowledged in the naming of number
9 - who shared the Prix Galabert with Glenn?
10 - who investigated canine salivation?
1 - for whom did Zaretski act as second?
2 - which contestants were slain with the same envenomed point?
3 - who died in the Brecknock Arms following a duel with his brother
in law?
4 - who was challenged to a duel by a Gibraltarian, whose patriotism
had been impugned?
5 - who allowed his opponent to leave a message for Patterson
beneath his silver cigarette case?
6 - whose performance against the three-handed marvel was
described by the Princess as 'unique'?
7 - who was killed by his father in single combat as the sun sparkled
on the Oxus stream?
8 - whose second was accused of surreptitiously stabbing his
opponent in Hyde Park?
9 - which cuckold was mortally wounded at Barn Elms on 16th
10 - who fell to a frontal blow and then completely lost his head?
8. Which pirate:
1 - inspired Sir Walter Scott?
2 - had a terminal encounter with a crocodile?
3 - masqueraded as Sir Charles Ewan, Governor of St Kitts?
4 - was terminated off Ramsey when the Marine Offence Act became
5 - together with her colleague Mary, pleaded pregnancy and escaped
the gallows?
6 - had a high, old, tottering voice that seemed to have been tuned
and broken in the capstan bars?
7 - was placed in his apprenticeship through a mishearing of the word
8 - was hacked to pieces and roasted limb by limb in the Gulf of
9 - tended his geraniums in his window box in Bridgewater?
10 - hated man too much to feel remorse?
1 - where warn't there nobody but just me and pap left?
2 - where did Willingdon Beauty die peacefully in his sleep?
3 - where, in the Frome valley, did Angel, the pupil farmer, fall in
4 - where does Bessie, smelling like a cowshed, snore bass and gruff in
a loft?
5 - where did the farmer find his gin sprung with three toes of a lutrine
paw lying in a red spatter about it?
6 - from its fulicine origins, and after periodic encounters with
thymallus, what was the tributary's ultimate landmark?
7 - which farm was successively demolished by Edward VI, William
& Mary, George II and George IV?
8 - from which farm did Martin, the young gander, depart with his
9 - which farm of some 500 acres was Dickson's retirement home?
10 - to which farm, Jurby way, was Tommy sent to work?
1 - what is a WLAR?
2 - where is there peace and holy quiet?
3 - who was the master of Thornfield Hall?
4 - which club did Race leave to manage A C Monza?
5 - who wrote of his hero's Innocence, Wisdom and Incredulity?
6 - whose 20th century lymantrid emulated a 17th century cervid?
7 - what name was given to the Belgic town - Calleva?
8 - what coat, typically boasts a velvet collar?
9 - where was Dr Arabin appointed Dean?
10 - where do 11 U's unite?
1 - what is a VSD?
2 - in which tale did Ticki end it with Evipan?
3 - what featured a doomed octet of D'Ascoynes?
4 - what combines Dexamphetamine with Amylobarbitone?
5 - in what did Marlow describe the corrupt, but charismatic Kurtz?
6 - what, obliquely, was once milk-white, now purple with love's
7 - what was the ultimate destination of the phthisical Leithen?
8 - in what serial did Dr Kate succumb to Leukaemia?
9 - who indiscriminately demanded decapitation?
10 - what marks the site of the Tolbooth?
12. Which words are particularly associated with these small towns and
1 - Repton
2 - Thaxted
3 - Wolvercote
4 - Rockingham
5 - Down Ampney
6 - Cwm Rhondda
7 - Abbots Leigh
8 - St Clement
9 - Monkland
10 - Cranham
1 - who had a Lonely Hearts Club Band?
2 - who was hoodwinked by Sir Percy at Laragne?
3 - who liked gramophone records to be played at speed 61?
4 - whose Concert Party duet with Lofty Sugden got to No. 1?
5 - who had bestowed upon him the high-sounding title of Governor of
La Merced?
6 - who shot tiny field mice every night with huge bullets from the .45
he had stolen from the dead man?
7 - who could quote historical fights between 490 BC and 1815 AD?
8 - whose favourite game would end with the command 'Change at
9 - which lepidopterist claimed to have taken Lungtungpen?
10 - who related how he lost his ear in Venice?
14. Who or what:
1 - began as Crocetti?
2 - shared his cloak with a beggar at Amiens?
3 - device is used to limit equine cervical extension?
4 - is a female calf, rendered infertile by its twin male calf?
5 - island witnessed the most lethal volcanic eruption of the twentieth
6 - was produced by Wallace, Walter, Edwin and Charles in a disused
soap factory in Southall?
7 - shares the same choice of accommodation as Merops and Alcedo?
8 - built a palace inspired by Garnier, next to Sandeman's?
9 - might be regarded as the pharmacist's bible?
10 - travelled to America with Mark Tapley?
1 - who stood in for Sam Bideford?
2 - whose guilt was confirmed by Dick's flash?
3 - what did the doctor's son set adrift to protect No. 7?
4 - what prehistoric creature accessed Speedy with splatchers?
5 - which vessel was lost through monkeying around with a cigar?
6 - what species' addition to the Jemmerling Collection was thwarted?
7 - where did they leave a new halfpenny in a round brass box?
8 - what viral infection placed three families in quarantine?
9 - where was the Baltic home of the barque Pommern?
10 - who turned out not to be an armadillo?
16. Which University
1 - has a caprine clock tower?
2 - boasts a 406 year old laburnum?
3 - was founded by King Gustav II Adolf?
4 - displays vítores, originally painted in bulls' blood?
5 - thrived on the proceeds from tobacco and chocolate?
6 - was transferred to the new national capital following a
7 - has a contemporary edifice, likened to a typewriter?
8 - stands on the site of an inn 'at the sign of the ox'?
9 - was founded by King George II?
10 - incorporates Botany Bay?
1 - what terminus is ursine?
2 - where does the canal lack the grandeur of its namesake?
3 - who would appear to have places at Smithfield and the Strand?
4 - which district derives its name from the appearance of St Mary
5 - where might an obelisk be perceived as a memorial to a North
African seamstress?
6 - which establishment, in the interest of political rectitude, discarded
its Bavarian name for that of a Gaelic province?
7 - what former hostelry was not the residence of a former Foreign
8 - where do frequent delays recall a famous late arrival over 200
years ago?
9 - from what corner of London is it possible to see Copenhagen?
10 - whence the ill-fated Liza Kemp?
18. During 2007:
1 - what form of confectionary bothered Zaheer?
2 - which ensemble rubbished Pomp and Circumstance?
3 - who reluctantly accepted the rust-proof qualities of bronze?
4 - where did hyoid misrepresentation cause multinational distress?
5 - which herb has withered leaving memories of a north London diet?
6 - whose investiture has recalled a previous recognition of bovine
7 - where has a noontide run eclipsed Cecil's eighty year old record?
8 - who spoke of unrivalled love of life, laughter, fun and folly?
9 - which piscine Mandarin scholar has become the 26th?
10 - who has progressed from KGB via MI5 to CMG?
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42594 | Stabilizing Equine Limb Fractures in the Field (AAEP 2012)
Many fractures once deemed inoperable can now be surgically repaired successfully, but management approaches during the critical post-fracture window, such as stabilization techniques, can have a major impact on outcomes.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42609 | Nation Topics - Gender Issues
Topic Page
Nation Topics - Gender Issues
News and Features
We could bash divorce forever, but what's the point? Even Jesus can't keep unhappy spouses together.
American military escalation will not liberate the women of Afghanistan. Instead, the hardships of war take a disproportionate toll on women and their families.
Michael Jackson's fame and fortune ensured he had few barriers to the pursuit of whatever Mad Hatter fancy seized him--including his made-to-order kids.
The latest political sex scandal isn't a scandal at all but a circumstance as old and common as time.
The massive participation by women in Iran's street demonstrations is surprising only if you accept the mullahs' view of women as weak and passive vessels.
It might sound milder, and appear hipper, but it traffics in the same old sexism.
A Wesleyan student is stalked and killed by a man with a gun and a mind full of hate.
There's a palpable disconnect between moms and young feminists. What will this mean for the next generation as they begin to raise children of their own?
May 22, 2015
May 1, 2015
April 27, 2015
April 16, 2015
April 7, 2015
April 6, 2015
March 27, 2015
Colleges around the country are considering adding a third gender option to their student rosters.
March 4, 2015
The US Department of Justice seeks answers in the wake of a nation-wide sexual assault epidemic on college campuses.
March 2, 2015
January 22, 2015 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42616 | Tuesday, June 2, 2015 • Afternoon Edition • "Those who arrive survive. Maybe."
Vertigo Comics Previews For June 11
Written by IvCNuB4 on Saturday, June 07 2014 and posted in Previews
Vertigo Comics Previews For June 11
Coffin Hill #8, The Royals: Masters Of War #5, Astro City #13
Source: Comics Continuum, Vertigo Blog
Coffin Hill #8
Arrested for the murder of a fellow Boston cop, Eve takes a journey into her past and delves into the terrible truth about the night she caught up with the notorious Ice Fisher. Meanwhile, in Coffin Hill, Nate struggles to protect the town’s remaining witches from an outside menace, while in Boston, Eve confronts an evil that never left, and realizes that even though she caught the Ice Fisher, the case is far from closed... The second story arc of COFFIN HILL begins here !
Written by: Caitlin Kittredge
Art by: Inaki Miranda, Stephen Sadowski
Cover by: Dave Johnson
32 pages
$2.99 (US)
The Royals: Masters Of War #5 (of 6)
King Albert mourns for a decimated London as the Allied forces prepare to invade France. Despite his best efforts, Albert finds he could no more protect his country from the war than he could his children. And the effects of the Stalingrad mission leave Rose with her sanity in tatters and under the powerful control of Prince Oscar!
Written by: Rob Williams
Art by: Simon Coleby, Gary Erskine
Colors by: JD Mettler
Cover by: Simon Coleby, JD Mettler
32 pages
$2.99 (US)
24 hours. 24 pages. A robot. A bank robber named Gundog. The Hanged Man. Jack-In-The-Box. The eternal, mysterious Dancing Master. And a whole lot of romance. One of ASTRO CITY’s most unusual stories, of city-wide turmoil and changing lives, all in a single day.
Written by: Kurt Busiek
Art by: Brent Anderson
Colors by: Alex Sinclair
Cover by: Alex Ross
32 pages
$3.99 (US)
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42753 | View Single Post
Old January 14 2012, 05:02 AM #20
Out there, somewhere...
Trekker4747's Avatar
Location: Kansas City
Re: Ghostbusters Comic Book
The comic seems to be an extension of the video game verse which itself is an extension of the original movies (seeming more the first than the second.)
I've not given up on the book yet, still find it quite enjoyable.
The conclusion of the arc with Ray and Gozer trying to get him to select The Destructor was a good one.
Just because it's futuristic doesn't mean it's practical.
Trekker4747 is offline Reply With Quote |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42789 | Open Caption: Those Bloody Workaholics
• 21comments
Here's a truth I hold to be self-evident: Due to the holiday tomorrow, there will be no Open Caption contest. A girl's gotta celebrate, after all. But we'll be back on Thursday so there's no need to fret. And it gives you double the time to think of an amazing caption for today's photo. Everyone's a winner! Well, until I actually choose the winners. And speaking of winners, here are the victors from yesterday's contest:
From Geek_Queen:
Zane: "C'mon, Holly, just choose already."
Holly: "Ugh! How do you expect me to choose between Kirk and Picard?"
From JT_Kirk:
Holly: "It's like Godfather 3—I try to get out, but they pull me back in!"
Zane: "Holly, everybody in Eureka has been killed and resurrected at least once by now, don't blow it so out of proportion, huh?"
From Ozlex11:
Zane's thoughts: "I'd be excited about disappearing from the universe as well... if I was wearing that outfit."
Today's Image: Workaholics
In tonight's episode, "The Meat Jerking Beef Boys," everybody's favorite team of lazy-arse working class boys still living in their self-created fratmosphere decides to take a shot at cultivating their very own beef jerky business. Because that sounds like a good idea. Their entrepreneurial timing is off, though, because Der's dad decides to make a spontaneous visit—and Der's incessant attempt to prove he's the son his father always wanted, along with his friends' incessant incompetence, may end up tearing the group apart. In the still below, Blake (L) and Adam (R) have just started butchering their first beef jerky candidate while Der watches off-screen. Post your best caption ideas in the comments!
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<-- Previous EpisodeNext Episode -->
Doctor Who: The Big Bang (2)
The universe is collapsing, the Doctor is trapped for eternity in the Pandorica, and Amy is dead. The only hope for all of reality is a little girl who lives in a big house by herself and dreams of the Raggedy Man.
Episode Info
Episode number: 5x13
Airdate: Saturday June 26th, 2010
Special Airtime: 06:05 pm
Director: Toby Haynes
Writer: Steven Moffat
Alternate Airdates:
DE (Fox) Feb 01, 2012
Guest Stars
Alex KingstonAlex Kingston
As River Song
Arthur DarvillArthur Darvill
As Rory (Rory Williams)
Caitlin BlackwoodCaitlin Blackwood
As Amelia
Barnaby EdwardsBarnaby Edwards
As Stone Dalek
Nicholas BriggsNicholas Briggs
voiced Dalek
Susan VidlerSusan Vidler
As Aunt Sharon
Frances AshmanFrances Ashman
As Christine
Halcro JohnstonHalcro Johnston
As Mr. Pond (Augustus Pond)
Karen WestwoodKaren Westwood
As Tabetha Pond
Main Cast
Matt Smith (3)Matt Smith (3)
As The Eleventh Doctor
Karen GillanKaren Gillan
As Amy Pond
1,894 years later.....
Read the full recap
ArtistSong TitlePlayed When
James Morrison (2)You Give Me SomethingAmy and Rory dance
Michael BubléCrazy Little Thing Called Lovethe Doctor dances at Amy's wedding
Episode Quotes
Rory: What are they?
The Doctor: History has collapsed. Whole races have been deleted from existence. These are just like afterimages. Echoes, fossils in time, the footprints of the neverwhere.
Rory: How could I leave her?
The Doctor: Why do you have to be so... human?
Rory: Because right now, I'm not.
Amy: What are we doing?
The Doctor: Well, we are running into a dead end, where I'm going to have a brilliant plan, which basically involves not being there anymore.
River Song: Amy! And the plastic Centurion?
The Doctor: It's okay, he's on our side now.
River Song: Really? I dated a Nestene duplicate once. Swappable head. Do keep things fresh.
River Song: Right, then, I have questions, but number one is this. What in the name of sanity have you got on your head?
The Doctor: It's a fez. I wear a fez now. Fezzes are cool.
The Doctor: When you wake up, you'll have a mom and dad. And you won't even remember me. Well, you'll remember me a little. I'll be a story in your head. That's okay. We're all stories in the end. Just make it a good one, eh? Because it was, you know. It was the best. A daft old man who stole a magic box. Anyway, did I ever tell you that i stole it. Well, I borrowed it, I was always going to take it back. Oh, that box. Amy... you'll dream about that box. It'll never leave you. Big and little at the same time. Brand new and ancient and the bluest blue ever. And the times we had, eh? We had, never. In your dreams, I'll still be there. The Doctor and Amy Pond. And days that never came.
Amy: Do you feel like you've forgotten something really important? Do you feel like there's a... great, big thing in your head, and you feel like you should remember it, but you can't?
Rory: Yep.
Amy: Are you just saying "yes" because you're scared of me?
Rory: Yep.
Amy: Love you.
Rory: Yep. I mean, I love you, too.
The Doctor: Hello, everybody! I'm Amy's imaginary friend! But I came anyway.
Amy: You absolutely, definitely may kiss the bride.
The Doctor: Amelia, from now on I shall be leaving the kissing duties to the brand new Mr Pond.
Rory: No, I'm not Mr Pond. that's not how it works.
The Doctor: Yes. it is.
Rory: Yeah, it is.
The Doctor: River... who are you?
River Song: You're going to find out very soon now. And I'm sorry, but that's when everything changes.
Other Episode Crew
Executive ProducerBeth Willis | Steven Moffat | Piers Wenger
ProducerPeter Bennett (3)
EditorMat Newman
Line ProducerPatrick Schweitzer
First Assistant DirectorMarcus Catlin
Second Assistant DirectorJames Dahaviland
MusicMurray Gold
Costume DesignerRay Holman
Make-upMorag Smith
GripJohn Robinson (3)
Camera OperatorRob Arrowsmith
Set DesignerBen Austin
Set DecoratorJulian Luxton
Location ManagerPaul Davies (3) | Gareth Skelding
Property MasterPaul Aitken
Production CoordinatorJess Van Niekerk
Assistant EditorBecky Trotman
Post Production SupervisorChris Blatchford | Ceres Doyle
Supervising Sound EditorPaul McFadden
GafferMark Hutchings
On-Line EditorMark Bright (2)
Director of PhotographyStephan Pehrsson
Stunt CoordinatorCrispin Layfield
Storyboard ArtistJames Iles
Post Production CoordinatorMarie Brown (2)
Production ManagementSteff Morris | Claire Thomas
Sound MixerJeff Welch
Special EffectsWill Cohen (3) | David Houghton
Script EditorLindsey Alford
Dubbing MixerTim Ricketts
Sound RecordistBryn Thomas
Third Assistant DirectorHeddi Joy Taylor
Costume SupervisorLindsay Bonaccorsi
Boom OperatorDafydd Parry
Art Department CoordinatorAmy Pope
Visual Effects CoordinatorJenna Powell
Main Title ThemeRon Grainer
Production AccountantCeri Tothill | Carole Wakefield
Camera AssistantJon Vidgen | Tom Hartley
Best BoyPeter Chester
Casting AssociateAndy Brierley
Production ExecutiveJulie Scott (2)
Unit ManagerRhys Griffiths
ColoristMick Vincent
ConductorBen Foster (3)
ContinuityNon Eleri Hughes
Focus PullerMatthew Poynter | Steve Rees
RunnerLaura Jenkins | Nicola Lynon Price
Casting DirectorAndy Pryor
Graphic ArtistJackson Pope
Makeup ArtistAbi Brotherton
Concept ArtistPeter McKinstry | Shaun Williams
Production BuyerBen Morris (4)
Supervising Art DirectorStephen Nicholas
Standby Art DirectorCiaran Thompson
Standby PropsPhill Shellard | Tom Evans (2)
Production RunnerSian Warrilow
Associate DesignerJames North
Scenic ArtistJohn Whalley | John Pinkerton
Sound Special Effects EditorPaul Jefferies
Make-up DesignerBarbara Southcott
VFX EditorCat Gregory
Make-up SupervisorPam Mullins
Created ByTerry Nation
Costume AssistantSara Morgan | Maria Franchi
Props BuyerAdrian Anscombe
Missing Information
Click here to add Episode Notes
Click here to add Episode Goofs
Click here to add Cultural References
Click here to add Episode References
Click here to add Analysis |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42807 | The Sixth
Hear ye hear ye. Come one, come all! You are cordially invited to the Sixth Anniversary podcast of the Twisted Nether Blogcast.
But there is something YOU need to do. Because ya know…this is […]
Greetings Folks!
Blog Azeroth Shared Topic: How Do You Level Your Alts (15th – 21st March)
Greetings folks!
It’s Shared Topic time again!
This one is coming to us from frequent contributor Dragonray of Azerothian Life
What sort of method do you use for levelling the multiple alts? Do you follow the same quest chains each time, do you avoid a certain quest section, do you only dungeon etc?
You […]
Blog Azeroth Shared Topic: Most Memorable Boss Kill (1st March – 7th March)
Greetings folks!
Welcome back to another week of Shared Topic goodness! Looking for something to write this week? Then here’s your topic!
This one is coming to us from Dragonray of Azerothian Life, a frequent Shared Topic creator –
What was/is your most memorable boss kill? The one which sticks in your memory and […]
Blog Azeroth Shared Topic – Background Music (Recap from 8th Feb – 14th Feb) by AmerPriest
Greetings folks!
I have no one to blame on this one but myself. Lots of personal reasons that no one will care about lead me to miss posting this on the appropriate day, and for that I do apologize.
Anyway, let’s get to it. Amerence from AmerPriest Blog posted this topic:
Hi […]
Page 1 of 41234 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42827 | RE: Dutch IJ character
From: Marco Cimarosti (
Date: Tue Apr 29 2003 - 04:17:38 EDT
• Next message: Marco Cimarosti: "RE: Dutch IJ character"
Doug Ewell wrote:
> BTW, this thread marks the first time I've ever heard that Ç/ç is used
> in Dutch. Michael Everson doesn't list it in his "Alphabets
> of Europe."
Well, I think it would be easier to meet a unicorn than a monolingual
Also Italian keyboard have a "ç" key, borrowed from typewriters times.
That's of course needed to type in French, which used to be Italy's most
common foreign language before English and German took over.
_ Marco
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.5 : Tue Apr 29 2003 - 05:04:45 EDT |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42846 | Last update May 2012
All illustrations - Rene Magritte
Print-Friendly Document This document is
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42884 | You are here
Member since March 2007
Sink De-Clogger
What you need:
5-6 cups water
2 tablespoons baking soda
6 tablespoons distilled white vinegar
What you do:
1. Boil water on kettle or stove. Meanwhile, measure out the baking soda and vinegar into 2 separate containers.
2. Carefully pour contents of the container with the soda in it down the drain.
3. Assure that all of the baking soda is in the drain before pouring in the measured vinegar. Allow the foam from the drain to settle before pouring the boiling water down the drain.
If this doesn't work, try a plunger afterwards. Another great tip is if you wish, you may take the oily side of a citrus peel (orange, lime, lemon, whatever) and scrub your sink clean with the remaining baking soda and vinegar before pouring the water down the drain. The mix of the citrus oil and baking soda leaves the sink sparkling!
This works when your drain is clogged, but does not have water in the basin. A good plunger will help get rid of the water if necessary, and then you should use this wonderfully easy home cleaning solution to finish de-clogging! This is done by a chemical reaction, which produces heat and expands, so you should always wear safety goggles (remember those volcanoes you made for science class when you were young?)!'
Preparation Time:
Cooking Time:
Recipe Category:
Hallelujah! I am SO doing this when I get home. Thankyouthankyouthankyou.
This got rid of the smells from my kitchen sink!
I always line my shower grout with baking soda too and then once it soaked up all the yuckies, I pour on vinegar and leave overnight, same basic idea.
Made my grout white again :D
I just did this in the shower, after cleaning out the hair, and it seemed to work ok. I think most of our clogging comes from hair, anyway (even though we have a guard thing!). I'll be glad to have a faster drain. BS and vinegar always work wonders.
I use this every month in all my sinks, tubs and showers.Shampoo, conditioners and soaps in tubs and showers build up residue and this cleans it out nicely and also keeps them fresher smelling. We have PVC pipes, I use real hot but not boiling water and it works great! ;)b
I do this regularly. The nice thing is that it is not toxic like other drain de-cloggers are. It also removes odor coming from kitchen sinks, which is definitely a plus.
I have heard that doing this a lot can be harsh on PVC pipes (because of the boiling water), so make sure to know your pipes!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42905 | BB Back! 10 Reasons Why You Should Cop The Blackberry Z10
By: / January 31, 2013
Just when BBM and RIM were close to extinction, the Blackberry rises from the digital dead with a new model that is sure to give iPhone and Droid users a run for their touch screens. In case you missed the tech announcement yesterday, here are 10 quick reasons why BB 10 may be better than the cell you currently own.
Screen Shots
The Z10 LCD screen boasts 1,280×768-pixel WXGA HD meaning more color and crisper visuals. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42931 | Alec Baldwin to Charlie Sheen: ‘Beg for Your Job Back’
Alec Baldwin offers some advice to Charlie Sheen today, via the Huffington Post. Baldwin gets why Sheen is angry about being axed from Two and a Half Men, since, he reveals, a studio once "cut his throat" from continuing to play Jack Ryan in the movies based on Tom Clancy's novels. Paramount, according to Baldwin, owed an actor — likely Harrison Ford — "a large sum of money for a film that fell apart, and pushing [Baldwin] aside [in Clancy movies] would help to alleviate that debt and put someone with much greater strength at the box office than [his] in the role." Ouch! But Baldwin learned from it. "The movie and television business is ... the rock under which you find the biggest, lyingest, thievingest scumbags on Earth," he writes. "You can't win. When executives at studios and networks move up to the highest ranks, they are given a book. The book is called How to Handle Actors. And one principle held dear in that book is that no actor is greater than the show itself. Take a nap. Call Chuck. Go on Letterman and make an apology. Write a check to the B'Nai Brith. And then beg for your job back. Your fans demand it. You will never win because when you are as big a douchebag as some of these guys are, they have no choice but to snuff you." [HuffPo] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42934 | Beautiful dream, but what's the reality
From W3C Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Up until this point, we’ve talked about the beautiful ideal of web standards. Web standards allow for interoperability between all web browsers, on every operating system, and even on every electronic device available. But is that really reality? Are all web browsers 100% standards-compliant? Are all web developers using web standards properly? Do web developers build a page using web standards, and then just walk away confident that their design will hold up everywhere?
The really simple answer to that last question is no; while that’s an ideal situation, that is far from reality. We'll explore this further in this article of the Web Standards Curriculum Table of contents.
How do you check for standards compliance?
Before we go any further, the question you’re probably asking yourself is “how do you know if a web site uses web standards?” Does it look any different to any other web site?
Yes and no. Web standards-compliant web sites, if developed properly, should look no different from web sites coded using a jumble of hobbled-together markup. However, the source code of the web site (try right/Ctrl-clicking on a web site and selecting the “Source” or “View Source” option—the exact terminology varies between browsers) will look vastly different. A standards-compliant web site will have nice, clean markup with little or no formatting embedded in the page itself. It might be hard for you to notice this at a glance, but trust me, visually impaired individuals using screen readers and search engines will notice right away. We have already covered the advantages of using web standards in the last article.
The easiest way to check for standards compliance is to use a handy tool, available online, called a validator. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) makes an HTML validator—see Figure 1. You can (and should) use this tool to check any web sites you’re developing for errors in your HTML/XHTML. CSS can be checked out using the CSS validator. Feel free to click through these links, and test a few of your favorite web sites.
The w3c validator showing the page is valid xhtml 1.0 strict
Figure 1: The W3C’s markup validation service will check your pages for you and point out any errors in the markup.
Ensuring your pages validate is only half the battle. How do we check if browsers are standards-compliant? The Web Standards Project has developed a series of tests called the Acid tests, which use some complex HTML and CSS rules (plus some other markup and code) to see if a browser can render various test screens properly. The latest version of the Acid test, Acid3, is still a work in progress. Read more about the Acid tests: you can also find the actual test pages at this link, to put your browser through its paces.
Standards compliance on sites today
Are major web sites using web standards, or are they just hacking something together? Let’s take a look at a few different companies out there and see how they score using the W3C’s markup validation service. You’ll be surprised how many large web site don't pass standards validation tests; don’t get disheartened however—there is no reason why you can’t go one better and get your sites validating properly. Bear in mind as you read the below reports that the larger and more complicated a web site is, the harder it is to make it validate, generally speaking (there are other factors to consider, such as the technologies used). Also bear in mind that since this article was written, things may have changed with the sites discussed below, although at the tie they made my points perfectly. I'd suggest that you go back and check the sites against the validator when reading the article.
Amazon: Shopping with standards?
Chances are that if you’ve ever done any online shopping, you’ve probably visited (or one of its country-specific web sites). Amazon is a megastore in cyberspace, offering everything from books to CDs to groceries in certain areas. Does validate though? Check out Figure 2.
amazon has a lot of validation errors
Figure 2: fails with flying colors! Not only is there invalid markup, but they don’t even declare a doctype (saying what version of HTML/XHTML they’re using).
Amazon has a bit of a journey when it comes to standards-compliance. I don’t have the inside track at Amazon, but if I’m allowed to speculate for a minute, I’d say that because Amazon has been around for quite some time, they have probably been using the same software to power their web site for their entire lifespan. Because web standards didn’t really grab the spotlight until early in this millennium, chances are that the system that Amazon uses for selling products online was developed back when web standards weren't really supported or publicized. I don’t know for sure, but I’d guess that Amazon suffers from a case of just sticking with what works for them.
CNN: Standardized news?
Surely news organizations are semantic beings? is one of the largest media web sites around. With global resources, reporting on news stories as they happen, surely they’ve got a team of in-house specialists ensuring that their web site is produced with valid markup? Check out Figure 3.
cnn is a little bit more compliant, but still fails
Figure 3: (as of April 15, 2008) fails validation with 33 errors. They list an HTML 4.01 Transitional doctype, but a lot of their markup looks a little XHTML-esque.
33 errors isn’t that bad when it comes to a web site of CNN’s size and complexity. Those 33 errors could (and again I’m speculating here) occur because the content management system they’re using isn’t completely up to par on producing standards-compliant markup, or it could just be a collection of markup errors by a production staff that specializes in writing the news, and not in producing web sites; either explanation is plausible.
Apple: The pinnacle of elegance in design … and validation?
Apple is renowned for their beautiful and functional hardware and software products. Their product announcements are almost like religious experiences for droves of loyal followers. Apple’s web site (see Figure 4) is often acclaimed as being beautifully designed and well organized, but does it validate?
the apple web site very nearly passes validation
Figure 4: comes really close to having valid HTML 4.01 Transitional markup. With 6 errors, there’s a mixture of markup “typos” and a case of Safari-specific tag use.
The Apple web site comes really close to validating. Really, it would take someone all of 5 minutes to fix the errors and have the page pass. The one error I want to briefly mention, however, is that Apple has decided to use a Safari-specific attribute on their search box (giving the search box the attribute type="search"). In Safari, this will let you see a list of recent searches by clicking on a small magnifying glass icon. In other browsers, like Opera or Internet Explorer, it just shows up as a normal text box.
A small standards compliance survey
Instead of going through dozens of examples like this, I’ve compressed the remaining sites surveyed down into a handy pie chart. I looked at about 40 corporate web sites from the Fortune 500 list as well as the Alexa rankings of web sites with the most traffic—Figure 5 shows what I found:
85% of web sites surveyed failed validation
Figure 5: 85% of web sites surveyed failed validation on some level (the large part of the pie), with only 15% passing (the small slice). Some failures were spectacular, with upwards of 1,000 errors; others were just a couple of typos here and there.
Why the lack of compliant sites?
We’re left crying: “why, why can’t they just validate?” That may be a little dramatic, but it’s at least similar in content to the question running through your mind at this point. Why do so few web sites validate? I’ve talked about a few possible reasons already—things like legacy e-commerce systems or content management systems—but there’s a few other underlying reasons as well.
The school I went to had a Management Information Systems program, a Computer Science program, and a New Media program, each of which had courses related to web site production—while these taught many things effectively, there wasn't really much coverage of how to actually code a web site in any of them. The general feeling I get from looking at numerous university courses is that web languages like HTML, CSS and JavaScript are below the technical threshold of most computer science programs, and above the technical threshold of most MIS/New Media programs.
What I'm getting at here is that many educational courses don’t cover this kind of stuff in any great level of detail. I would be willing to wager that if you ask 10 developers who work with web standards where they learned how to use web standards that 9 of them would reply that they are self-taught (the other 1 won’t answer you because she’s too busy trying to get her site to render properly in IE6).
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which is the group responsible for developing standards, and the Web Standards Project (WaSP) are taking on this challenge though and are really pushing to have web standards support improve, both from browser manufacturers and from developers.
Hell, the entire reason this course you’re currently reading was created is to provide a proper set of teaching material for web standards, and a means by which to use that material to learn, for free. We’re just trying to get rid of a few more of the reasons (we hesitate to use the word “excuses” here…) why people aren’t adopting web standards. There’s really no excuse for not using them, given the benefits they incur (as discussed in the last article).
Business reasons
A web site that I frequently visit for entrepreneurs involved in Web-based startups has hosted a number of discussions about the use of web standards in “Web 2.0 applications”. There is usually an interesting exchange between those who believe that web standards should be used because they make sense (for all of the reasons we’ve previously discussed), and those who just say “so what”.
The fact of the matter is that web browsers will handle really bad code. Your pages don’t need to validate in order to have them display properly in most of the major browsers. From a business perspective, where time equals money, why bother spending any additional time to get them to validate at all? If you can crank out a table-based mess of code in 30 minutes, or spend 30 minutes coding your page in HTML and CSS and 30 minutes making sure that it validates and works ok across browsers, and the end result will look the same in the major desktop browsers, which sounds easier to you?
A lot of people from my generation (I’m almost at the big 3-0, at the time of this writing) learned to build web sites using tables for layout, and font tags to deal with typography. It can be intimidating to re-learn how to do something when what you’re doing still “works” (still looks fine in most web browsers). Employers generally don’t know the difference; I’ve never once had a manager talk about the quality of my markup during a performance review. So really, where’s the incentive?
I’m going to throw in here (you can guess which side I’m usually arguing) that taking the messy-code approach is shortsighted. Based on my experience, doing a re-design of a standards-based web site is much easier than converting a mess of improperly coded pages (I’ve done both). I have yet to hit that utopia promised by XHTML/CSS that you will only have to touch the CSS during a re-design, but I’ve come close.
Also bear in mind that you will see a lot more web job adverts these days asking for knowledge of web standards than ever before.
There are also some direct business reasons to consider. In general, using web standards improves a web site's position in search engine rankings (how high up it appears on the list when you do a Google search) and how easy it is to find in the first place. In addition, using standards and best practices will generally make the web page more accessible by people with disabilities trying to make use of it, and users trying to access the site on their mobie phones. Extra users and increased visibility is always good for business.
In this article I’ve talked about the state of web standards adoption today—how to check whether standards are being used properly on a site, how many sites are using web standards properly and the reasons why people don’t adopt standards. As you’ve seen above, the reasons aren’t really that compelling and should be fairly easy to overcome.
So what’s an enterprising web developer of the future to do? Do you bother with web standards (and keep on reading this series), or do you fire up a graphical editor and start laying out your web site in tables?
Let me put it this way: the single biggest complaint I’ve read from individuals who say that standards-based development is a waste of time is that it takes too long to learn to use web standards instead of outdated methods and develop web sites that work across all browsers. So why not start out by learning the correct way to do it, and save yourself some trouble? You’ve decided to learn how to build web sites, and you need to do it one way or another, so why not learn how to do it properly?
Further reading
Exercise questions
• We looked at a lot of “big“ web sites and whether they validate or not. Run a few of the sites that you visit regularly through the validator. Do they validate? If not, take a look at some of the errors to get a sense of why they’re failing.
• What is a doctype? What does it do?
• What case can you make for web standards as it relates to business?
Note: This material was originally published as part of the Opera Web Standards Curriculum, available as 5: Web standards – beautiful dream, but what's the reality?, written by Jon Lane. Like the original, it is published under the Creative Commons Attribution, Non Commercial - Share Alike 2.5 license. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42942 | WakeWorld (http://www.wakeworld.com/forum/index.php)
- - Mp3 converter? (http://www.wakeworld.com/forum/showthread.php?t=793247)
jaegermaster 05-08-2012 6:38 AM
Mp3 converter?
Does anyone have a good mp3 converter? I have the bulk of my CD collection ripped to my hard drive but want to convert a bunch of them to mp3 to transfer to my phone.
Thanks in advance.
newmy79 05-08-2012 10:58 AM
Freemake, convert videos and audio
cadunkle 05-08-2012 4:51 PM
bmock50 05-09-2012 9:08 PM
iTunes if you have an iPod, real player works well if you have a PC
jaybee 05-10-2012 12:49 PM
I use Switch on my mac. What format are they in now?
jaegermaster 05-11-2012 7:50 AM
Most of my music in in WMA format right nor. What I want to do is convert them to mp3 and transfer to my Blackberry. I can transfer them as WMA but they take up a lot of space. For some reason I am having a conflict with Rhapsody on my computer and my Blackberry. I will try using my desk top computer which doesn't have Rhapsody installed and see how things work out.
Thanks for the help.
shawndoggy 05-11-2012 8:38 AM
That's super easy to do in itunes. Just set the import settings under preferences to use mp3 encoder, then drag your whole library into itunes. Should convert to mp3 automatically.
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42972 | Skip to content
Cancer Health Center
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Will a 'Smart Scalpel' Change Cancer Surgery?
However, others think the device would benefit brain surgeons the most. "It does sound useful to neurosurgeons, because it is harder to distinguish normal brain [tissue] from tumor," Jed Nuchtern, MD, tells WebMD. But "this device is of limited value to general surgeons or general pediatric surgeons [because] tumor [edges] are normally fairly obvious to the naked eye, based on color and consistency," he says. And because general surgeons try to take out an area of normal tissue around the tumor in order to be sure that the entire tumor is removed, "no one would want to get close enough to the tumor to start cutting across it with the 'smart scalpel,'" says Nuchern, who is a staff surgeon at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston.
The developers also hope that the device will have clinical applications beyond cancer surgeries. For example, the device can detect sickle cell anemia. Beyond medicine, they hope it can be used to monitor groundwater, waste fluids, or explosive chemicals. Another 'smart scalpel' laser device that has been explored by other investigators was targeted for the treatment of 'port-wine stain' birth marks.
Vital Information:
• Scientists have developed a 'smart scalpel' that can differentiate between cancer cells and healthy cells during surgery.
• A laser device can distinguish malignant cells, because they are more dense, from healthy cells, and this information is transmitted to a computer that alerts the surgeon when normal tissue is detected.
• This device would be especially important during brain surgery, when physicians are trying to completely remove tumors without taking out healthy tissue unnecessarily.
1 | 2
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Colorectal cancer cells
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Ovarian cancer illustration
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Jennifer Goodman Linn self-portrait
what is your cancer risk
colorectal cancer treatment advances
breast cancer overview slideshow
prostate cancer overview
lung cancer overview slideshow
ovarian cancer overview slideshow
Actor Michael Douglas |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42975 | Skip to content
Drugs & Medications
Brovana inhalation
Rarely, asthma patients using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as salmeterol) have had serious (sometimes fatal) asthma-related breathing problems. Because arformoterol is similar to salmeterol, it may also cause these problems. Therefore, patients with asthma should only be prescribed this drug if one long-term medication (such as inhaled corticosteroids) does not control breathing problems or if more than one long-term medication is clearly needed to control breathing problems. Arformoterol must not be used alone to treat asthma. Discuss the risks and benefits of treatment with this medication with your doctor.
Who should not take Brovana inhalation?
See More
Arformoterol is used as a long-term (maintenance) treatment to prevent and decrease wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Arformoterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works in the airways by opening breathing passages and relaxing muscles. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.
This medication does not work right away and should not be used for sudden attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor must prescribe a quick-relief medicine/inhaler (such as albuterol, also known as salbutamol) for sudden shortness of breath while you are using arformoterol. You should always have a quick-relief inhaler with you.
Arformoterol is usually used in combination with other medications (such as inhaled corticosteroids). However, it should not be used with similar long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as formoterol, salmeterol) since this may increase your risk for side effects.
How to use Brovana inhalation
Using the nebulizer, inhale this medication into your lungs as directed by your doctor, usually 2 times a day (once in the morning and once in the evening). The 2 doses should be about 12 hours apart. Each treatment usually takes about 5 to 10 minutes. Use this medication only through a nebulizer. Do not swallow or inject the solution. Do not mix with other medicines in the nebulizer. To prevent infections, clean the nebulizer and mouthpiece/face mask according to the manufacturer's directions.
The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Do not use more of this medication or use it more often than prescribed since this may cause serious side effects. Do not use more than 30 micrograms of arformoterol a day.
If you have been using a quick-relief inhaler (albuterol, salbutamol) on a regular daily schedule (such as 4 times daily), your doctor will direct you to stop this schedule and only use the quick-relief inhaler as needed for sudden shortness of breath. Consult your doctor for details.
Side Effects
Nervousness, dizziness, shaking (tremor), headache, nausea, dry mouth, or trouble sleeping may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: chest pain, rapid breathing, confusion, severe dizziness, fainting.
Rarely, this medication has caused severe (possibly fatal), sudden worsening of breathing problems (paradoxical bronchospasm). If you have trouble breathing or sudden wheezing, use your quick-relief inhaler and get medical help right away.
In the US -
Before using arformoterol, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to formoterol; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: diabetes, heart problems (such as irregular heartbeat, angina, previous heart attack), high blood pressure, liver problems, seizures, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), swelling of an artery (aneurysm), a certain tumor of the adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma).
See also Uses section.
Do not share this medication with others.
Missed Dose
Store this medication in the refrigerator away from light. Store in the sealed protective pouch until ready to use. After opening the pouch, store the unused vials back in the pouch. After opening a vial, use the medication right away. Throw away any vials if the solution is discolored. Keep all medications away from children and pets.
Unopened pouches of medication may also be stored at room temperature for up to 6 weeks. If stored at room temperature, use/discard the medication within 6 weeks.
Sorry. No images are available for this medication.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42997 | Metallic Beauty
We were pleasantly charmed by spring's metallic makeup, but while playing with products, we realized this trend presents a significant question. How can one wear this look without resembling the lovechild of Jem and Ziggy Stardust? The answer is (much like the old joke, How do porcupines mate?) carefully.
To avoid a glitzy overload, go for just a suggestion of gold or silver on one part of your face. We're nuts for Chanel's new limited edition Lumiere D'Artifices eye shadow trio ($75 at Saks Fifth Avenue, call 1.877.551.7257 for availability). True it's pricey, but the silver, charcoal, and deep gold shimmering shadows are stunning. One of our favorite tricks is to lightly dampen a stiff-bristled slim brush before applying the shadow. This makes for a bold-yet-manageable sweep of pigment on your lid.
If shadow isn't your thing, why not try Lancome's Artliner in Glacier (shown here) or Ice Black ($26 each, We've been massive fans of this eyeliner for ages. It's one of the easiest liquid liners to use and has a felt tip for dummy-proof application.
When it comes to skin, we must be frank-metallic only really works if your skin is flawless. Who wants to highlight flaws? If you are blessed with perfect skin, blend a tiny amount of Make Up Forever's Diamond Cream on your cheekbones. The cream/gel product multitasks on your face or body, so feel free to give your clavicle some love too. We like Terracotta 5, a golden bronze shown above or Pink Porcelain 2, a champagne shade ($36 each,
For the nails, we're crazy about OPI's "Birthday Babe" silver polish from their 25th Anniversary Collection ($7.50, It's a super dense lacquer that looks exactly like the polish on the Chanel runway (Sadly, that polish is not available for sale. It was created only for that show.) If you want a lighter look with a little sparkle, we suggest Hard Candy's Vintage Nail Polish in Trailer Trash ($7,
EXPLORE: Beauty, Chanel, Prada, Versace
See More Stories |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/42998 | GameStop continues its march toward the Store of the Future, by offering PSN content both in-store and (soon) online. The retailer started offering Xbox Live DLC in-store earlier this year.
According to Sony and GameStop, cards for PlayStation Plus subscriptions, PSN games and add-on content will be available in 4,400 GameStop stores this month, and will also be available through GameStop.com. Not only is this a way for GameStop to get a piece of the exploding digital distribution market, it's a much more elegant way to gift a specific game, we suppose, than just writing "Scott Pilgrim" in Sharpie on a $10 PSN card.
Source- Joystiq |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43009 | Indonesia: Statement on disruption of Queer Film Festival by fundamentalist groups
With this letter, we the Q-Munity Foundation for Equality in Indonesia as the organizers of the Q! Film Festival along with various organizations and cultural centers, are stating our position and that we are continuing the events of the Q! Film Festival until the end with support from: Goethe-Institut, Centre Culturel Francais, Erasmus Huis, Jakarta Arts Council (Kineforum), Japan Foundation, KONTRAS, Arus Pelangi, Gaya Nusantara, Komnas HAM, Komnas Perempuan, Jurnal Perempuan, Kartini Asia Network, Perempuan Mahardika, Institut Ungu, Ardhanary Institute, Institut Pelangi Perempuan, GWL - INA, Institute for Defense Security and Peace Studies (IDSPS), Ratna Sarumpaet Crisis Center, Human Rights Watch New York, and Berlin Film Festival.
1. That Q! Film Festival is an arts festival that presents information and works of art from all over the world on the subject of human diversity.
2. That this festival is part of our offering to the public to increase awareness on Human Rights, specifically from the perspective of gender and sexuality within human identity.
3. That this festival is held by volunteers of various ages, economic backgrounds, religions, sexual identities and is built on the awareness to preserve tolerance between various types of people.
4. That this festival is a real effort to raise public awareness on the subject of health through free of charge health facilities.
5. That this festival serves as a forum for discussion and the exchange of cultural ideas for anyone interested in themes and ideas behind the festival.
6. That if there are parties who disagree with the ideas behind the festival, we urge them to state their opinions through a discussion forum or by holding a forum like a festival or something similar that allows for the exchange of ideas without fear of coercion.
Q! Film Festival that has been held for the past 9 years has achieved recognition from international festivals and has become part of the "Teddy On Tour" program of the Berlin Film Festival which is considered one of the largest and most respected festivals in the world. Q! Film Festival has also been chosen as "24 examples of great initiatives from all around the world focusing on LGBT human rights at local, national, regional/international level" from Danish Institute of Human Rights (DIHR).
Q-Munity Foundation for Equality in Indonesia
Yayasan Q-Munity Kesetaraan Indonesia
Arimbi Heroepoetri, Komisioner, Ketua Sub Komisi Pemantauan
Jaringan Masyarakat Sipil Untuk Demokrasi
1. Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan
2. Perempuan Mahardhika
3. Ardhanary Institute
5. Kalyanamitra
6. Institut Ungu
8. Srikandi Demokrasi Indonesia
9. Institut Pelangi Perempuan
10. Federasi APIK dan Solidaritas Perempuan
Sarina Chairperson
Dian Novita Secretary |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43016 | TY - JOUR DB - /z-wcorg/ DP - http://worldcat.org ID - 437719292 LA - English T1 - Remembering motivation research: toward an alternative genealogy of interpretive consumer research AU - Tadajewski, Mark PB - Sage Publications Y1 - 2006/// SN - 1470-5931 JF - Marketing Theory VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 466 AB - This article traces the emergence and subsequent decline of motivation research. It argues that contrary to recent opinion that interpretive consumer research emerged in the mid-1980s, an embryonic form of interpretive research can actually be found in the 1930s in the form of motivation research. It demonstrates that there are clear and distinct parallels regarding the ontology, axiology, epistemology, methodology and view of human nature between motivation research, interpretive research and, to a limited extent, critical theory. Not only is motivation research presented as an early form of interpretive consumer research, but in addition, Holbrook's and Hirschman's experiential analysis is shown to be a possible take-off point to make the case that motivation research represents an early root of Consumer Culture Theory. This genealogical exercise resituates the emergence of the CCT discourse by 80 years and interpretive research by 60 years. ER - |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43018 | The Alliance Needs Iron Bars!
This quest is no longer available in game.
Bring 20 Iron Bars to Corporal Carnes at the Military Ward in Ironforge.
Well hello there, Mr. Fancypants, aren't you a sight for sore eyes. In case you hadn't heard while you were out there "adventuring", the Alliance has been gearing up for a war in Ahn'Qiraj and is in need of iron bars... a whole mess of 'em. Bring them to me in stacks of twenty. We can count on you, right, <class>? |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43061 | NEW ORLEANS- For 32 years, Chris and Kevin Cahalan have been brightening the lives of the blind and visually impaired in the New Orleans area.
At the heart of WRBH's Reading Radio program are these two volunteers who read everything from novels to grocery store ads.
WWL-TV Photojournalist Adam Copus introduces us to the Cahalans, a married couple bringing all sorts of situations to life over the air.
You can find WRBH at 88.3 FM on the radio. You can listen to Chris and Kevin reading the comics every Sunday morning at 11:30 a.m.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43126 | Archive for Saturday, November 9, 2013
Faith Forum: What does the Bible say about helping the elderly?
November 9, 2013
Deep compassion means quality living
Kent Winters-Hazelton, pastor, First Presbyterian Church, 2415 Clinton Parkway:
As he awaited death on the cross on Good Friday, Jesus said to one of his disciples, “Here is your mother”. (John 19) Recognizing the vulnerable condition facing the elderly in that society, there can be no doubt that Jesus wanted to make sure his mother was cared for after he was gone. Moreover, in making provisions for his mother, he reflected the strong theme of concern within his religious tradition for those who were elderly.
Existing without the benefits of our modern social care provisions, social security, Medicare and the new affordable health care act, the elderly in the biblical era were at the mercy of family – if they had any – or the generosity of strangers. Throughout the Jewish and Christian scriptures we find a deep compassion for and a clarion call to care for those who were neglected and cast aside in society. Among those who most often fell into that state were elderly widows. A woman’s position in society was directly linked to husband. Once she was widowed, she had no legal status and could not inherit any property or money from their husband’s estate.
Thus, we find more than 200 verses in the Bible where the people were told to take care of the widows among them. For example, the prophet Isaiah wrote, “Learn to do good; seek justice, rescue the oppressed. Defend the orphan, plead for the widow.” (Isaiah 1) (There doesn’t seem to be an equal representation among widowers, perhaps because the life expectancy among males was short). The biblical message seems to be that the quality and character of society is reflected in how it cares for the elderly. It should be so in our society as well.
— Send email to Kent Winters-Hazelton at
Respect and care for our elders
Mitch Todd, associate pastor, First United Methodist Church, 946 Vermont St.:
The Bible contains within its pages a profound respect, and responsibility, for the elderly. From the very beginnings of the church, special attention was given to how Christians might care for their elders. “Do not speak harshly to an older man, but speak to him as to a father, to younger men as brothers, to older women as mothers, to younger women as sisters—with absolute purity.” This verse comes from the 5th chapter of Timothy, which contains an extended discussion of care for the elderly in the early Christian church.
This isn’t some innovation that came after Jesus, however. Care for the widow plays a major role in our Old Testament (Jewish) traditions, too. Deuteronomy repeatedly clarifies societal rules for caring for the “alien, the orphan, and the widow”, for these were the ones in greatest financial insecurity.
Indeed, the 5th commandment given by God, via Moses, was to “Honor your father and mother”. This has been interpreted by many as not only the honor that is due one’s family, but for all who are older.
It is left for us to understand what honoring our elderly looks like today, but certainly Jesus’ example of food, clothing, shelter, healing, and visitation make for a solid foundation for us to build upon!
— Send email to Mitch Todd at
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43132 | Religion & Ethics: Content from Across the ABC
Date/Time 03 Jun 2015 4:44:40am
I take it from your claim that Aquinas has some sophisticated, not-actually-existing god that you haven't actually read Aquinas. You've only read people claiming that Aquinas was a "sophisticated" thinker, and you've filled in what you'd expect a sophisticated thinker to say.
But I've read the Summa Contra Gentiles, and the Summa Theologica. They describe a god that created the universe, is split in three parts in accordance with orthodox Christian doctrine, has angels and other little supernatural helpers helpers, judges humans, etc. In short, the Thomist god is the god believed in by ordinary believers.
Aquinas's "arguments" are similarly ordinary. It's warmed-over Aristotle, and you know how convincing Aristotle' arguments are. Or maybe you don't.
Aquinas, as you probably don't know, said it was right to kill people, if they disagreed with orthodox Catholic doctrine. Very sophisticated, that. You may as well stop waving the name about. It's not that impressive.
Anyway, as for these "sophisticated" Christian clergy that you mention, have you ever asked them why they treat their congregations with such contempt?
Has it ever occurred to you that patronises and lying to "unsophisticated" people to that extent isn't clever but creepy?
If your clerical friends really think that what their congregation believes is simplistic nonsense, why are they lying about it?
Dawkins treats his fellow humans with basic respect. And offers people trapped in a lie a way out. How unsophisticated. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43137 | id summary reporter owner description type status priority milestone component version severity resolution keywords cc platform blockedby blocking changelog 541 Not translated text in column menu samo79 tboeckel "The 4 options in the ""Column"" menu of YAM is translable (they are all availible in the original catalog descriptor) but they doesn't work, infact even if you use another language that 4 strings still in english The ""broken"" strings are: msgctxt ""MSG_MA_CTX_DEFWIDTH_THIS (1476//)"" msgid ""Default width: this"" msgctxt ""MSG_MA_CTX_DEFWIDTH_ALL (1477//)"" msgid ""Default width: all"" msgctxt ""MSG_MA_CTX_DEFORDER_THIS (1478//)"" msgid ""Default order: this"" msgctxt ""MSG_MA_CTX_DEFORDER_ALL (1479//)"" msgid ""Default order: all""" bug closed normal YAM 2.9p1 translation nightly build major fixed All |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43148 | Strange-Looking Exile
From ZineWiki
Revision as of 10:44, 12 March 2007 by InvisibleFriend (Talk | contribs)
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Strange Looking Exile was a compzine by Robert Kirby.
Published in Minneapolis, this queer comics zine first appeared in 1991. Aside from Kirby's own comics, contributors included Alison Bechdal and Diane DiMassa. The zine ran from 1991 till 1994 and during this time five issues were released until coming to the end of its run. In 1994 Kirby released a new comic zine called Boy Trouble, which soon included David Kelley as co-editor.
Strange Looking Exile was featured in the Factsheet Five Zine Reader. |
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husband mark kelly, incredibly powerful as well particularly in the moment that he smacked down wayne lapierre. it really is almost stunning what he said right? the whole exchange with dick durbin about what is the point of background checks. dick durbin is like that's the point you moron. >> yeah, and the other important point that i think rebuts that is that we have had now the brady system up and running since the late '90s, and actually 1.5 million gun transactions have been blocked because of the system that is in place, which, again, is a very spotty system in terms of mental health records and states that don't really do a good job of keeping their criminal record but even with those handicaps it still works, and the notion that it just doesn't work -- this is one of the nra talking points. it's just fact rally false, and -- and again obviously, durbin's point that it's a deterrence to people to guy guns is also the obvious counter to that claim. but i come from a more rural part of connecticut, and obviously there are a lot of gun owners out here. backgrou
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43175 | Opened 7 years ago
Closed 6 years ago
Last modified 6 years ago
#9554 closed (wontfix)
admin app's change list usage of select related - maximum depth
Reported by: gert Owned by: nobody
Component: Contrib apps Version: 1.0
Severity: Keywords: select_related list_display list_select_related
Cc: Triage Stage: Unreviewed
Has patch: no Needs documentation: no
Needs tests: no Patch needs improvement: no
Easy pickings: UI/UX:
In applications with deep object relationships "select related" often results in huge queries that can hit the database very hard. I.e. we have an accounting module that immediately adds 10 levels of related objects to your average "client" object.
I think don't think it makes sense the select related for more than 2 or 3 relationships deep. My suggestion is to add a "maximum depth" parameter to select related that defaults to something sensible like 3 or at least make it configurable.
Change History (9)
comment:1 Changed 7 years ago by ramiro
• Needs documentation unset
• Needs tests unset
• Patch needs improvement unset
• Resolution set to invalid
• Status changed from new to closed
What about a depth argument like implemented and documented at ?
(granted, perhaps it should be included in the signature in the section title)
comment:2 Changed 6 years ago by gert
• Component changed from Database layer (models, ORM) to Contrib apps
• Resolution invalid deleted
• Status changed from closed to reopened
I think maybe a better place to address this issue is in the admin application by just adding a depth=3 parameter to the two select_related instructions in admin/views/
def get_query_set(self):
# Use select_related() if one of the list_display options is a field
# with a relationship.
if self.list_select_related:
qs = qs.select_related(depth=3)
for field_name in self.list_display:
f = self.lookup_opts.get_field(field_name)
except models.FieldDoesNotExist:
if isinstance(f.rel, models.ManyToOneRel):
qs = qs.select_related(depth=3)
comment:3 Changed 6 years ago by ramiro
So, you were talking specifically about the admin contrib app?.
comment:4 Changed 6 years ago by mtredinnick
This doesn't sound like a clear problem description to me yet. Select_related already has a default maximum depth of 5, which already meets the definition of "sensible" for many cases. I don't see any great need to micromanage at that point by saying "perhaps 2 or 3 is better" -- we just pick a value and stick with it and 5 is the current value. We could be here all day debating 2 or 3 or 5 or 7.
So the real issue is why this particular problem report is not respecting the maximum depth of 5. If it is, then this becomes a proposal to change 5 to 3 and ... meh.
comment:5 Changed 6 years ago by gert
ramiro: yes, I only picked it up in the admin contrib app. At that stage I was unaware of the depth=X parameter. I think it adequately addresses the issue for custom applications, also I don't think internally select_related needs to drop the 5 down to 3.
BUT, for the admin application I think a tweak is required. Arguments for explicitly lowering select_related for admin to say 3 :) are;
1) Whatever value you take must hit the sweat spot for 90% of situations otherwise it will slow down rather than increase overall application speed. I can not even think of an example where I want to go down 5 levels. (object.level1.level2.level3.level4.level5)
2) Remember that the effect on the database increases exponentially, e.g.
3 levels 2 references per object => 32 = 9 DB tables
5 levels 2 references per object => 52 = 25 DB tables
5 levels 3 references per object => 53 = 125 DB tables
comment:6 Changed 6 years ago by ramiro
• Keywords select_related list_display list_select_related added
• Summary changed from select related - maximum depth to admin app's change list usage of select related - maximum depth
comment:7 Changed 6 years ago by ramiro
#9849 (closed as a duplicate of this ticket) proposed being able to control the select related queries by being able to specify which relationships to follow.
comment:8 Changed 6 years ago by jacob
• Resolution set to wontfix
• Status changed from reopened to closed
Yeah, let's not micromanage the admin like this. You can just override queryset if you need advanced usage.
comment:9 Changed 6 years ago by ramiro
• Keywords select related removed
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43187 | Creating a patch
From Joomla! Documentation
Revision as of 18:20, 27 May 2010 by Pe7er (Talk | contribs)
An important part of creating a patch for Joomla! is ensuring that you're managed to create everything properly. As a standard all patches should be created in the root of your Joomla! instance. This way when we come to test it we don't need to work out what directory the file you're trying to change is in or modify your patch file to work properly on our local system. This can be a problem because if your patch only changes one file, there may be one file with that name. For example we recently received a patch for a file called 'banner.php'. There are five different files in Joomla! called 'banner.php', so we then need to try and work out which file is being referenced in this particular case.
Creating a patch on the command line
For Linux/Mac users, using the command line is often the quickest way of creating a patch. Depending on how many changes you've made to your local install you might have a few different changes. The best method for avoiding this is to have a clean Joomla! check out from SVN and then make your changes to this. Then in the root of the Joomla! instance, execute the following command:
svn diff > file.patch
You need to ensure that only changes you have made are in the file and not any other irrelevant changes. If you can't do this you should specify the files that you changed to be part of the patch:
svn diff libraries/joomla/database/table.php > jtable.patch
Make sure you are in the Joomla! root directory, not in the directory of the files (you will see folders like libraries, administrator, plugins, components, modules, etc).
Creating a patch using Eclipse
If you've got Subclipse and Eclipse you can check out a new project from the Joomla! SVN (which ever branch/release is relevant to your bug) and then use this to create a patch file. Keep in mind that by default Eclipse creates patches that includes the entire path to the files, which isn't what we want. Presuming you created a new project using the checkout from SVN and used the root of a Joomla! instance, you should be able to create a valid patch easily.
To create a patch, select the files you have changed and then right click on one of them and select "Team > Create Patch". The first screen asks you where you want to put the file: the clipboard, into the filesystem or in the workspace. Typically you'll want to create it somewhere in the filesystem. I personally use a patch folder where I keep all of the patches that I make. You should also notice at the bottom of this screen the list of files that will be included in this patch. If you have included files you didn't want to, you can deselect them here. If you are missing a file from this list you will need to reselect your files and add them.
Once you have worked out where you are going to put the patch and that you've selected the right files, click "Next" to continue. If you click "Finish" here your patch will be created incorrect so it is important that you click "Next" here. In this area select "Project" and then click "Finish" to create the patch. Doing this will ensure that your patch file is created properly.
Creating a patch using NetBeans
You can use NetBeans IDE to create patch files too. There's a video that explains how to create a patch for Joomla with SVN: http://www.vimeo.com/11981229.
Line endings and encodings
It is important that with anything you add that you are using the correct line endings. The line ending style for Joomla! is just line feeds or Unix style, and all files should use the UTF-8 encoding. If you are using Eclipse you can change your settings in Window -> Preferences -> General -> Workspace. Select your text file encoding as UTF-8 and your line delimiter as "Unix". |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43188 | Help Test the Next Generation of KDE's Kontact
The KDE PIM team has made available a beta version of the next-generation groupware client suite Kontact. The new Kontact is built on the Akonadi framework, sharing infrastructure for syncing with online services across applications. While the first bits of Akonadi integration already made their entry in KAddressBook as delivered with 4.4, this beta includes Akonadi versions of most of the other Kontact components, including email using the new KMail2.
As the Akonadi-based Kontact marks a major step in the evolution of KDE's groupware apps, the KDE PIM developers decided to apply a feature-based release schedule to this port. It will be released when it's ready, which is realistically still this year. In order to achieve this, we rely heavily on community feedback, so please give this beta a run and get back to us with your feedback, preferably in the form of bug reports on
KDE PIM Beta3 is not suitable for production use. For those who rely on stable groupware applications, the right choice is the KDE PIM we have delivered with KDE Applications 4.4 (latest version is 4.4.5). This version remains fully supported and the recommended choice for everyone but testers and those interested in the next-gen Kontact.
For more detailed information about this beta version, for Akonadi in general and for migration scenarios to and from Kontact-based Akonadi, please refer to this blogentry, or the Akonadi Project page.
Can somebody point to correct SVN branch where I can get source code to build from?
By lure at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 11:56am
Hmm... it should be this:
By Mutlu Inek at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 1:54pm
No, that's trunk.
4.5beta3 source is at tags/kdepim/4.4.93/kdepim
4.5 in progress is at branches/KDE/4.5/kdepim
By Allen Winter at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 6:47pm
I am willing to test it, but don't want to build it. Are there kubuntu or opensuse packages available somewhere?
By gg-lechner at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 12:34pm
I just added the repos from that link and am getting an error saying that there are dependencies on kdebase-runtime >= 4.5.2 I can't find any repo with that version anywhere, I have 4.5.1 in kde-factory repos, and 4.5.72+svn or something to that effect in the kde-unstable repos. Any suggestions so I can test just the new kdepim betas?
By linuxdave at Fri, 2010/10/01 - 2:23pm
I'm installing prebuilt packages for Fedora13 from the kde-unstable repo using yum at this very moment.
By Allen Winter at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 7:30pm
Hey Sebas, thank you for the enlightening "Demystifying Akonadi" article. It was a great read and made me try the beta. :)
So I installed KDEPIM 4.4.93 and am now trying to compile Lionmail. Unfortunately, it does not compile with the recently released KDEPIM beta. It seems that it needs akonadiconsole from trunk, which was ported to KViewStateMaintainer with revision 1160389. However, I cannot just install the trunk version of it since some PIM parts were moved into other parts of KDEPIM. I wonder, though, whether akonadiconsole 4.4.93 (just released) is older than August 8 (the date of the port)?
In general, it would be great if there was a Lionmail that works with the KDEPIM betas.
P.S. Here is the build error:
[ 54%] Building CXX object emailnotifier/CMakeFiles/plasma_applet_emailnotifier.dir/emailnotifier.o
/var/abs/local/lionmail-svn/src/lionmail-build/emailnotifier/emailnotifier.cpp:39:39: fatal error: akonadi/etmviewstatesaver.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [emailnotifier/CMakeFiles/plasma_applet_emailnotifier.dir/emailnotifier.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [emailnotifier/CMakeFiles/plasma_applet_emailnotifier.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
By Mutlu Inek at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 1:47pm
I'd need to copy the relevant classes into the Lion Mail sources in order to achieve that. These copied classes play a pretty important role in setting up the widget, so they cannot just be commented out. This time can IMO better be spend on finishing Lion Mail for its first release.
If you want to run it, you can either copy those classes yourself, or install kdepimlibs and kdelibs from trunk.
By Sebastian Kügler at Mon, 2010/09/06 - 9:08am
Thank you for your response, Sebas. Surely, you want your plasmoid to use all the available goodies of 4.6 since it won't be released earlier anyway. I think it is perfectly understandable that you made it depend on classes from trunk. I doubt I will actually install kdepimlibs and kdelibs from trunk since this is a production machine. Maybe I will have a go at copying the classes.
I any case, I am very excited about your work in this area. I have always been annoyed by the limitations of systray applets for GMail and other mail providers, and your work promises to overcome all this in the wonderful "silky" manner. You have real vision. Thanks for that.
By Mutlu Inek at Mon, 2010/09/06 - 11:35am
For me migration is probably the most significant thing that concerns me so I'll step up and offer some time for testing. Thanks for raising the issue, Seb.
By Ed Daniel at Fri, 2010/09/03 - 7:43pm
I tested the beta3 and still needed to return to the stable one. As everything else worked fine but it just was slow and every email what I downloaded were empty. Just showing from, to who and subject.
Need to fill bug reports to BKO.
By Fri13 at Mon, 2010/09/06 - 11:24am
I tested the beta3 in Arch Linux, too, with similar problems. The whole Desktop became *extremely* slow and unresponsive. Seemed to me that it was mainly a problem with very large local mail folders (several folders with >1000 mails), because with an empty set of the "local folders", it worked quite well.
Moreover, migration did non complete because of one of my imap-servers not supporting the UIDPLUS extension. Without a workaround found at I would not have been able to start kmail at all.
At least, I did not have empty emails - all mails showed up properly if you had enough time to wait...
If I find enough time for it, I will generate a test account in order to file some bug reports.
By ChrDr at Mon, 2010/09/06 - 11:02pm
Also hit the UIDPLUS problem (on the university's Exchange server).
The bug report you refer to is: ?
So you can start KMail by removing the account, but then you can presumably not add that account without the fix in trunk?
Still, this is why we have betas... If the trunk fix doesn't make it into a released KDEPIM 4.5 then we'll have to make this issue very clear in the release info
By Stuart Jarvis at Tue, 2010/09/07 - 2:21pm
I experienced the same slowdown, because Strigi attempted to index all of my mail and integrate it to Nepomuk. As a side effect, KMail/Akonadi became unresponsive.
When the indexing finished (I gave it an hour or two for ~20,000 mails), KMail/Akonadi and my system performance came back to normal. There's some optimization work that could be done.
By Ernesto Manríquez at Thu, 2010/09/09 - 4:12pm
I tried this release from Fedora and Ubuntu repos. The Ubuntu release (running on Maverick Meerkat) fails spectacularly with GMail IMAP accounts. OTOH, Fedora packages work great with the same GMail IMAP accounts (it does have bugs related to content display, but those bugs are evident, so they should be hammered by now)
I'm giving this warning because there's the possibility of massive bug reports against Beta 3 for a Ubuntu specific bug.
Edit: Also, if you are not running Ubuntu, you'll surely miss the count of how many times KMail/Akonadi is faster than the old KMail while handling IMAP accounts. To say "hundreds of times faster" is to underestimate the difference: with my GMail IMAP account, the sync time went from days (no kidding, it often took 3 or 4 days for KMail to get all the mail) to ~20 minutes.
By Ernesto Manríquez at Thu, 2010/09/09 - 6:31pm |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43192 | 99 Bottles of Beer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"99 Bottles of Beer" is an anonymous United States folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize, and can take a long time to sing. In particular the song is frequently sung by children on long bus trips, such as class field trips, or on Scout and/or Girl Guide outings. The song is derived from the English "Ten Green Bottles".
The song's lyrics are as follows:[1][2]
Alternate line:[citation needed]
If one of those bottles should happen to fall, 98 bottles of beer on the wall...
The same verse is repeated, each time with one bottle fewer, until there are none left. Variations on the last verse following the last bottle going down include lines such as:
Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall...
Alternate line:
If that one bottle should happen to fall, what a waste of alcohol!
Sometimes, the word "beer" is replaced by the word "Coke" or "milk" when being sung by groups that consider alcohol to be inappropriate.[citation needed]
Andy Kaufman routine[edit]
The highly repetitive and ultimately boring nature of "99 Bottles of Beer" means that only a small minority of renditions are actually carried to the final verse.[citation needed] Comedian Andy Kaufman exploited this fact in the routine early in his career when he would actually sing all 100 verses.[3] As was common in many of his sketches, Kaufman was deliberately provoking his audience in this routine once they realized that he actually intended to sing all of the verses. Catcalls, booing, and sullen silence were common responses. Toward the end of the sketch, Kaufman would feign recognition that the audience was not enjoying the material, and he would leave the stage with only 5 or 6 "bottles" to go. At that point, the audience would begin calling for him to return to finish the verses.
Mathematically inspired variants[edit]
Donald Byrd has collected dozens of variants inspired by mathematical concepts and written by himself and others.[4] (A subset of his collection has been published.[5]) Byrd argues that the collection has pedagogic as well as amusement value. Among his variants are:
• "Infinite bottles of beer on the wall". If one bottle is taken down, there are still infinite bottles of beer on the wall (thus creating an unending sequence much like "The Song That Never Ends").
• "Aleph-Null bottles of beer on the wall". Aleph-Null is the size of the set of all natural numbers, and is the smallest infinity and the only countable one.
• "Uncountable bottles of beer on the wall". An uncountably infinite set is larger than a countable one; therefore, if only a countable infinity of bottles fall, an uncountable number remains.
Other versions in Byrd's collection involve concepts including geometric progressions, differentials, Euler's identity, complex numbers, summation notation, the Cantor set, the Fibonacci series, and the Continuum Hypothesis, among others.
On an episode of Malcolm in the Middle,[6] on the way to a mathematics competition, Malcolm's classmates – the Krelboynes – sing a variation of this song stating "the square root of (number of) bottles of beer". Malcolm states to the camera that they are only at the nineties.
References in science[edit]
The computer scientist Donald Knuth proved that the song has complexity O(\log N) in his in-joke-article "The Complexity of Songs".
Numerous computer programs exist to output the lyrics to the song. This is analogous to "Hello World" programs, with the addition of loops. As with "Hello World", this can be a practice exercise for those studying computer programming, and a demonstration of the differences between programming languages.
See also[edit]
1. ^ Nyberg, Tim (2006). 99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall: The Complete Lyrics. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7407-6074-7.
2. ^ Baird, Kevin C. (2007). Ruby by example: concepts and code. No Starch Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-59327-148-0.
3. ^ Andy Kaufman's 99 Bottles. Retrieved 15 Sep 2012.
4. ^ Byrd, Donald (2013-10-08). "Infinite Bottles of Beer: Mathematical Concepts with Epsilon Pain, Or: A Cantorial Approach to Cantorian Arithmetic and Other Mathematical Melodies" (PDF). Indiana University, School of Informatics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2011. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
5. ^ Donald Byrd (2010). "Infinite Bottles of Beer: A cantorial approach to Cantorian arithmetic and other mathematical melodies". Math Horizons: 16–17.
6. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0640283/synopsis
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43193 | Green fluorescent protein
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Blue fluorescent protein)
Jump to: navigation, search
"EGFP" redirects here. EGFP may also refer to the ICAO airport code for Pembrey Airport.
Green fluorescent protein
PDB 1ema EBI.jpg
Structure of the 'Aequorea victoria' green fluorescent protein.[1]
Symbol Reginal
Pfam PF01353
Pfam clan CL0069
InterPro IPR011584
SCOP 1ema
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range.[2][3] Although many other marine organisms have similar green fluorescent proteins, GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The GFP from A. victoria has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm. Its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of GFP is 0.79. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) has a single major excitation peak at 498 nm.
In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression.[4] In modified forms it has been used to make biosensors, and many animals have been created that express GFP as a proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed throughout a given organism. The GFP gene can be introduced into organisms and maintained in their genome through breeding, injection with a viral vector, or cell transformation. To date, the GFP gene has been introduced and expressed in many Bacteria, Yeast and other Fungi, fish (such as zebrafish), plant, fly, and mammalian cells, including human. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 10 October 2008 for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.
Aequorea victoria
Wild-type GFP (wtGFP)[edit]
In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light), was first purified from Aequorea victoria and its properties studied by Osamu Shimomura.[5] In A. victoria, GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interacts with Ca2+ ions, inducing a blue glow. Some of this luminescent energy is transferred to the GFP, shifting the overall color towards green.[6] However, its utility as a tool for molecular biologists did not begin to be realized until 1992 when Douglas Prasher reported the cloning and nucleotide sequence of wtGFP in Gene.[7] The funding for this project had run out, so Prasher sent cDNA samples to several labs. The lab of Martin Chalfie expressed the coding sequence of wtGFP, with the first few amino acids deleted, in heterologous cells of E. coli and C. elegans, publishing the results in Science in 1994.[8] Frederick Tsuji's lab independently reported the expression of the recombinant protein one month later.[9] Remarkably, the GFP molecule folded and was fluorescent at room temperature, without the need for exogenous cofactors specific to the jellyfish. Although this near-wtGFP was fluorescent, it had several drawbacks, including dual peaked excitation spectra, pH sensitivity, chloride sensitivity, poor fluorescence quantum yield, poor photostability and poor folding at 37 °C.
The first reported crystal structure of a GFP was that of the S65T mutant by the Remington group in Science in 1996.[10] One month later, the Phillips group independently reported the wild-type GFP structure in Nature Biotech.[11] These crystal structures provided vital background on chromophore formation and neighboring residue interactions. Researchers have modified these residues by directed and random mutagenesis to produce the wide variety of GFP derivatives in use today. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y. Tsien share the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.[12]
GFP derivatives[edit]
The diversity of genetic mutations is illustrated by this San Diego beach scene drawn with living bacteria expressing 8 different colors of fluorescent proteins (derived from GFP and dsRed).
Due to the potential for widespread usage and the evolving needs of researchers, many different mutants of GFP have been engineered.[13] The first major improvement was a single point mutation (S65T) reported in 1995 in Nature by Roger Tsien.[14] This mutation dramatically improved the spectral characteristics of GFP, resulting in increased fluorescence, photostability, and a shift of the major excitation peak to 488 nm, with the peak emission kept at 509 nm. This matched the spectral characteristics of commonly available FITC filter sets, increasing the practicality of use by the general researcher. A 37 °C folding efficiency (F64L) point mutant to this scaffold yielding enhanced GFP (EGFP) was discovered in 1995 by the laboratories of Thastrup[15] and Falkow.[16] EGFP allowed the practical use of GFPs in mammalian cells. EGFP has an extinction coefficient (denoted ε) of 55,000 M−1cm−1.[17] The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of EGFP is 0.60. The relative brightness, expressed as ε•QY, is 33,000 M−1cm−1. Superfolder GFP, a series of mutations that allow GFP to rapidly fold and mature even when fused to poorly folding peptides, was reported in 2006.[18]
Many other mutations have been made, including color mutants; in particular, blue fluorescent protein (EBFP, EBFP2, Azurite, mKalama1), cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP, Cerulean, CyPet, mTurquoise2), and yellow fluorescent protein derivatives (YFP, Citrine, Venus, YPet). BFP derivatives (except mKalama1) contain the Y66H substitution.They exhibit a broad absorption band in the ultraviolet centered close to 380 nanometers and an emission maximum at 448 nanometers. A green fluorescent protein mutant (BFPms1) that preferentially binds Zn(II) and Cu(II) has been developed. BFPms1 have several important mutations including and the BFP chromophore (Y66H),Y145F for higher quantum yield, H148G for creating a hole into the beta-barrel and several other mutations that increase solubility. Zn(II) binding increases fluorescence intensity, while Cu(II) binding quenches fluorescence and shifts the absorbance maximum from 379 to 444 nm. Therefore they can be used as Zn biosensor.[19]
A palette of variants of GFP and DsRed (David Goodsell drawing)
The critical mutation in cyan derivatives is the Y66W substitution, which causes the chromophore to form with an indole rather than phenol component. Several additional compensatory mutations in the surrounding barrel are required to restore brightness to this modified chromophore due to the increased bulk of the indole group. In ECFP and Cerulean, the N-terminal half of the seventh strand exhibits two conformations. These conformations both have a complex set of van der Waals interactions with the chromophore. The Y145A and H148D mutations in Cerulean stabilize these interactions and allow the chromophore to be more planar, better packed, and less prone to collisional quenching.[20] Additional site-directed random mutagenesis in combination with fluorescence lifetime based screening has further stabilized the seventh β-strand resulting in a bright variant, mTurquoise2, with a quantum yield (QY) of 0.93.[21] The red-shifted wavelength of the YFP derivatives is accomplished by the T203Y mutation and is due to π-electron stacking interactions between the substituted tyrosine residue and the chromophore.[3] These two classes of spectral variants are often employed for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments.[22] Genetically encoded FRET reporters sensitive to cell signaling molecules, such as calcium or glutamate, protein phosphorylation state, protein complementation, receptor dimerization, and other processes provide highly specific optical readouts of cell activity in real time.
Semirational mutagenesis of a number of residues led to pH-sensitive mutants known as pHluorins, and later super-ecliptic pHluorins. By exploiting the rapid change in pH upon synaptic vesicle fusion, pHluorins tagged to synaptobrevin have been used to visualize synaptic activity in neurons.[23]
Redox sensitive versions of GFP (roGFP) were engineered by introduction of cysteines into the beta barrel structure. The redox state of the cysteines determines the fluorescent properties of roGFP.[24]
The nomenclature of modified GFPs is often confusing due to overlapping mapping of several GFP versions onto a single name. For example, mGFP often refers to a GFP with an N-terminal palmitoylation that causes the GFP to bind to cell membranes. However, the same term is also used to refer to monomeric GFP, which is often achieved by the dimer interface breaking A206K mutation.[25] Wild-type GFP has a weak dimerization tendency at concentrations above 5 mg/mL. mGFP also stands for "modified GFP," which has been optimized through amino acid exchange for stable expression in plant cells.
GFP in nature[edit]
The purpose of both the (primary) bioluminescence (from aequorin's action on luciferin) and the (secondary) fluorescence of GFP in jellyfish is unknown. GFP is co-expressed with aequorin in small granules around the rim of the jellyfish bell. The secondary excitation peak (480 nm) of GFP does absorb some of the blue emission of aequorin, giving the bioluminescence a more green hue. The serine 65 residue of the GFP chromophore is responsible for the dual-peaked excitation spectra of wild-type GFP. It is conserved in all three GFP isoforms originally cloned by Prasher. Nearly all mutations of this residue consolidate the excitation spectra to a single peak at either 395 nm or 480 nm. The precise mechanism of this sensitivity is complex, but, it seems, involves donation of a hydrogen from serine 65 to glutamate 222, which influences chromophore ionization.[3] Since a single mutation can dramatically enhance the 480 nm excitation peak, making GFP a much more efficient partner of aequorin, A. victoria appears to evolutionarily prefer the less-efficient, dual-peaked excitation spectrum. Roger Tsien has speculated that varying hydrostatic pressure with depth may affect serine 65's ability to donate a hydrogen to the chromophore and shift the ratio of the two excitation peaks. Thus, the jellyfish may change the color of its bioluminescence with depth. However, a collapse in the population of jellyfish in Friday Harbor, where GFP was originally discovered, has hampered further study of the role of GFP in the jellyfish's natural environment.
Other fluorescent proteins[edit]
Because of the great variety of engineered GFP derivatives, fluorescent proteins that belong to a different family, such as the bilirubin-inducible fluorescent protein UnaG, dsRed, eqFP611, Dronpa, TagRFPs, KFP, EosFP, Dendra, IrisFP and many others, are erroneously referred to as GFP derivatives. Several of these proteins display unique properties like red-shifted emission above 600 nm or photoconversion from a green-emitting state to a red-emitting state. These properties are so far unique to fluorescent proteins other than GFP derivatives.
GFP has a beta barrel structure consisting of eleven β-strands, with an alpha helix containing the covalently bonded chromophore 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one (HBI) running through the center.[3][10][11] Five shorter alpha helices form caps on the ends of the structure. The beta barrel structure is a nearly perfect cylinder, 42Å long and 24Å in diameter,[10] creating what is referred to as a “β-can” formation, which is unique to the GFP-like family.[11] HBI, the spontaneously modified form of the tripeptide Ser65–Tyr66–Gly67, is nonfluorescent in the absence of the properly folded GFP scaffold and exists mainly in the un-ionized phenol form in wtGFP.[26] Inward-facing sidechains of the barrel induce specific cyclization reactions in Ser65–Tyr66–Gly67 that induce ionization of HBI to the phenolate form and chromophore formation. This process of post-translational modification is referred to as maturation.[27] The hydrogen-bonding network and electron-stacking interactions with these sidechains influence the color, intensity and photostability of GFP and its numerous derivatives.[28] The tightly packed nature of the barrel excludes solvent molecules, protecting the chromophore fluorescence from quenching by water.
GFP molecules drawn in cartoon style, one fully and one with the side of the beta barrel cut away to reveal the chromophore (highlighted as ball-and-stick). From PDB 1GFL.
GFP ribbon diagram. From PDB 1EMA.
Reporter assays[edit]
Green fluorescent protein may be used as a reporter gene.[29]
The biggest advantage of GFP is that it is heritable, since it is able to be transformed with the use of DNA encoding GFP. Additionally, visualizing GFP is noninvasive; so just by shining light on the protein you're able to detect it. Furthermore, GFP is a relatively small and inert molecule, that doesn't seem to interfere with any biological processes of interest. Moreover if used with a monomer it is able to diffuse readily throughout cells.[30]
Most reporter assays typically provide a measurement of the average promoter activity in an entire cell population sampled; the issue with this is that there in turn isn't any measurements of the variations that occur in promoter activity, which exists between the individual cells of the population. Another disadvantage of reporter genes is that the kinetic analysis of a promoter activity rapidly becomes uncontrollable, because there's no way to monitor gene expression over time, without attaining the full complement of replicate samples at each time period.[31]
Fluorescence microscopy[edit]
Superresolution with two fusion proteins (GFP-Snf2H and RFP-H2A), Co-localisation studies (2CLM) in the nucleus of a bone cancer cell. 120.000 localized molecules in a widefield area(470 µm2)
The availability of GFP and its derivatives has thoroughly redefined fluorescence microscopy and the way it is used in cell biology and other biological disciplines.[32] While most small fluorescent molecules such as FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) are strongly phototoxic when used in live cells, fluorescent proteins such as GFP are usually much less harmful when illuminated in living cells. This has triggered the development of highly automated live-cell fluorescence microscopy systems, which can be used to observe cells over time expressing one or more proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins. For example, GFP had been widely used in labelling the spermatozoa of various organisms for identification purposes as in Drosophila melanogaster, where expression of GFP can be used as a marker for a particular characteristic. GFP can also be expressed in different structures enabling morphological distinction. In such cases, the gene for the production of GFP is incorporated into the genome of the organism in the region of the DNA that codes for the target proteins and that is controlled by the same regulatory sequence; that is, the gene's regulatory sequence now controls the production of GFP, in addition to the tagged protein(s). In cells where the gene is expressed, and the tagged proteins are produced, GFP is produced at the same time. Thus, only those cells in which the tagged gene is expressed, or the target proteins are produced, will fluoresce when observed under fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of such time lapse movies has redefined the understanding of many biological processes including protein folding, protein transport, and RNA dynamics, which in the past had been studied using fixed (i.e., dead) material. Obtained data are also used to calibrate mathematical models of intracellular systems and to estimate rates of gene expression.[33]
The Vertico SMI microscope using the SPDM Phymod technology uses the so-called "reversible photobleaching" effect of fluorescent dyes like GFP and its derivatives to localize them as single molecules in an optical resolution of 10 nm. This can also be performed as a co-localization of two GFP derivatives (2CLM).[34]
Another powerful use of GFP is to express the protein in small sets of specific cells. This allows researchers to optically detect specific types of cells in vitro (in a dish), or even in vivo (in the living organism).[35] Genetically combining several spectral variants of GFP is a useful trick for the analysis of brain circuitry (Brainbow).[36] Other interesting uses of fluorescent proteins in the literature include using FPs as sensors of neuron membrane potential,[37] tracking of AMPA receptors on cell membranes,[38] viral entry and the infection of individual influenza viruses and lentiviral viruses,[39][40] etc.
It has also been found that new lines of transgenic GFP rats can be relevant for gene therapy as well as regenerative medicine.[41] By using "high-expresser" GFP, transgenic rats display high expression in most tissues, and many cells that have not been characterized or have been only poorly characterized in previous GFP-transgenic rats. Through its ability to form internal chromophore without requiring accessory cofactors, enzymes or substrates other than molecular oxygen, GFP makes for an excellent tool in all forms of biology.[42]
GFP has been shown to be useful in cryobiology as a viability assay. Correlation of viability as measured by trypan blue assays were 0.97.[43] Another application is the use of GFP co-transfection as internal control for transfection efficiency in mammalian cells.[44]
A novel possible use of GFP includes using it as a sensitive monitor of intracellular processes via an eGFP laser system made out of a human embryonic kidney cell line. The first engineered living laser is made by an eGFP expressing cell inside a reflective optical cavity and hitting it with pulses of blue light. At a certain pulse threshold, the eGFP’s optical output becomes brighter and completely uniform in color of pure green with a wavelength of 516 nm. Before being emitted as laser light, the light bounces back and forth within the resonator cavity and passes the cell numerous times. By studying the changes in optical activity, researchers may better understand cellular processes.[45][46]
GFP is used widely in cancer research to label and track cancer cells. GFP-labelled cancer cells have been used to model metastasis, the process by which cancer cells spread to distant organs.[47]
Transgenic pets[edit]
GloFish, the first pet sold with these proteins artificially present.
Mice expressing GFP under UV light (left & right), compared to normal mouse (center)
Alba, a green-fluorescent rabbit, was created by a French laboratory commissioned by Eduardo Kac using GFP for purposes of art and social commentary.[48] The US company Yorktown Technologies markets to aquarium shops green fluorescent zebrafish (GloFish) that were initially developed to detect pollution in waterways. NeonPets, a US-based company has marketed green fluorescent mice to the pet industry as NeonMice.[49] Green fluorescent pigs, known as Noels, were bred by a group of researchers led by Wu Shinn-Chih at the Department of Animal Science and Technology at National Taiwan University.[50] A Japanese-American Team created green-fluorescent cats as proof of concept to use them potentially as model organisms for diseases, particularly HIV.[51] In 2009 a South Korean team from Seoul National University bred the first transgenic beagles with fibroblast cells from sea anemones. The dogs give off a red fluorescent light, and they are meant to allow scientists to study the genes that cause human diseases like narcolepsy and blindness.[52]
Fine art[edit]
Julian Voss-Andreae's GFP-based sculpture Steel Jellyfish (2006). The image shows the stainless-steel sculpture at Friday Harbor Laboratories on San Juan Island (Wash., USA), the place of GFP's discovery.
Julian Voss-Andreae, a German-born artist specializing in "protein sculptures,"[53] created sculptures based on the structure of GFP, including the 1.70 m (5'6") tall "Green Fluorescent Protein" (2004)[54] and the 1.40 m (4'7") tall "Steel Jellyfish" (2006). The latter sculpture is located at the place of GFP's discovery by Shimomura in 1962, the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories.[55]
See also[edit]
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2. ^ Prendergast FG, Mann KG (Aug 1978). "Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forskålea". Biochemistry 17 (17): 3448–53. doi:10.1021/bi00610a004. PMID 28749.
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25. ^ Zacharias DA, Violin JD, Newton AC, Tsien RY (May 2002). "Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane microdomains of live cells". Science 296 (5569): 913–16. doi:10.1126/science.1068539. PMID 11988576.
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29. ^ Arun KH, Kaul CL, Ramarao P (2005). "Green fluorescent proteins in receptor research: an emerging tool for drug discovery". J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 51 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2004.07.006. PMID 15596111.
30. ^ Chalfie M (Jun 2009). "GFP: Lighting up life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (25): 10073–10080. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904061106. PMID 19553219.
31. ^ Streja D, Teichner F, Marliss EB (Nov 1975). "Fifty-year survival after surgery for craniopharyngioma". Jama 234 (5): 440–442. doi:10.1096/fj.04-3180fje. PMID 1242169.
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36. ^ Livet J, Weissman TA, Kang H, Draft RW, Lu J, Bennis RA et al. (Nov 2007). "Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system". Nature 450 (7166): 56–62. doi:10.1038/nature06293. PMID 17972876.
37. ^ Baker BJ, Mutoh H, Dimitrov D, Akemann W, Perron A, Iwamoto Y et al. (Aug 2008). "Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors of membrane potential". Brain Cell Biology 36 (1-4): 53–67. doi:10.1007/s11068-008-9026-7. PMC 2775812. PMID 18679801.
38. ^ Adesnik H, Nicoll RA, England PM (Dec 2005). "Photoinactivation of native AMPA receptors reveals their real-time trafficking". Neuron 48 (6): 977–85. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.030. PMID 16364901.
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Further reading[edit]
• Pieribone V, Gruber D (2006). Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence. Cambridge: Belknap Press. ISBN 0-674-01921-0. OCLC 60321612. Popular science book describing history and discovery of GFP
• Zimmer M (2005). Glowing Genes: A Revolution In Biotechnology. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1-59102-253-3. OCLC 56614624.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43194 | Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Chocoyero National Park)
Jump to: navigation, search
Chocoyero Natural Reserve
Location of Chocoyero Natural Reserve in Nicaragua.
Location Ticuantepe, Nicaragua
Nearest city Managua
Area 455 acres (1.8 km2)
Visitors 10,000 (est.) (in 2006)
Governing body Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA)
Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural El Chocoyero-El Brujo) is located in the municipality of Ticuantepe in the Managua department of Nicaragua. Chocoyero-El Brujo is one of 78 protected areas in Nicaragua, and at just 455 acres (1.8 km2) this tropical forest is one of the smallest in size. Chocoyero-El Brujo was declared a natural reserve in 1993 is managed by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA).[1]
Flora and fauna[edit]
Chocoyero-El Brujo is abundant in water, it is home to two waterfalls, El Brujo and Chocoyero, named after the parakeets that make the walls of the cliff their home. The abundance of water keeps this natural reserve green with flourishing wildlife. Chocoyero-El Brujo is a main supplier of water to Managua, it supplies 20% of the city's water consumption and about twenty million gallons of water each and every day.[2]
The large amount of biodiversity is obvious, with bird species estimated at 113 different species, some of which include toucans, hummingbirds, and green Pacific Parakeets (Aratinga strenua) known as Chocoyos nationwide. In the reserve, there are 29 species of mammals and 21 types of reptiles and amphibians. Among mammals and amphibians some species regularly spotted include tigrillos, agoutis, and deer.[2] Also common are two types of monkeys, the howler and the smaller white-face monkeys.[3]
Also present are 154 species of plants and 217 species of vertebrates.
Chocoyero-El Brujo Natural Reserve is regarded as an important tourist attraction. Each year an estimated 10,000 people visit the reserve.[4] The reserve includes various activities for visitors such as bird watching, bicycling, overnight camping, guided tours, and an EnviroCamp.
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Chocoyero es de La Concha". La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2007-08-12.
2. ^ a b "Chocoyero Nature Reserve". Retrieved 2007-08-12.
3. ^ "Chocoyero National Park". ViaNica. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
4. ^ Jukofsky, Diane; Nuria Bolaos. "Nicaraguan Parks". Environment News. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 12°01′00″S 86°12′00″W / 12.0167°S 86.2000°W / -12.0167; -86.2000 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43195 | William Phelps (colonist)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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William Phelps
Born c1593
Crewkerne, Somerset, England
Died 1672, age 78
Windsor, Connecticut, United States
Nationality English
Occupation landowner, magistrate
Known for Founder of Dorchester, Massachusetts and Windsor, Connecticut; first foreman of a Grand Jury in the New World; one of eight selected to lead first democratic town government in 1637
Religion Puritan
Spouse(s) 1) Mary 2) Ann Dover
Children William, Mary, Mary, Samuel, Nathanial, Joseph, Mary, Sarah, Timothy
Signature William-phelps-colonist-signature.gif
William Phelps, a Puritan from Crewkerne, England, was one of the founders of both Dorchester, Massachusetts and Windsor, Connecticut and was one of eight selected to lead the first democratic town government in the American colonies in 1637. He was foreman of the first grand jury in New England, served most of his life in early colonial government, and according to noted historian Henry Reed Stiles, Phelps "was one of the most prominent and highly respected men in the colony."
Origin of William Phelps[edit]
William Phelps (c. 1593 – July 14, 1672) was a Puritan Englishman who immigrated in 1630 to the American Colonies. Based on a family history written by Oliver Seymour Phelps and his son-in-law, Andrew T. Servin, The Phelps Family in America, many researchers mistakenly believe that William Phelps and a brother, George Phelps, both emigrated from Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England in 1630, to the New World.[1]
From Crewkerne[edit]
Phelps and Servin's identification of the origin of William Phelps of Dorchester, Massachusetts was based solely on an estimate of his birth date, derived from what was thought to be his age of 72 at death on July 14, 1672. Oliver Phelps located a William Phelps who was baptized in Tewkesbury on August 19, 1599, and thus identified him as the original immigrant. He also believed that George Phelps of Windsor, Connecticut, was William’s brother, despite the fact that they could not locate any records for a George Phelps in Tewkesbury.[1] Recent genetic research has shown no biological relationship between the descendants of William and George Phelps.[2]
More recent expert research has identified William Phelps of Crewkerne, Somersetshire, England as the probable immigrant.[3]
Phelps was married twice: (1) Mary (surname unknown), buried in England in 1626, and (2) Anne Dover, who probably accompanied him and children from both marriages to Dorchester, Massachusetts, a town later subsumed as a neighborhood of Boston. The names and birthdates of his children correspond to the records later found in the American colony.[1]
Marriage to Mary[edit]
Phelps was born in Crewkerne, England and is estimated to have married his first wife Mary sometime between 1615–1618, as their first child William was baptized at Crewkerne on September 9, 1618. Mary and William had four children, all baptized before 1625 at Crewkerne: William, Samuel, an unnamed infant who died young, and Nathaniel.[4][5]:62 Mary was buried at Crewkerne on August 13, 1626.[6]
Marriage to Ann Dover[edit]
Three months after Mary's death, William married Ann Dover at Crewkerne, on November 14, 1626. They had four children in England: Cornelius, Joseph and Mary (twins), and another child named Mary. Researchers can not find further records of Cornelius or either of the two girls named Mary, and presume they all died young. After arriving in the Colonies, Ann and William had three more children: Sarah, Timothy, and a third Mary. Records in the Colonies have been found for the children named Joseph, Sarah, Timothy and the last Mary,[7] corresponding to records from the International Genealogical Index in Somerset listing the names of William Phelps' children from both wives.[8]
Immigration to New England[edit]
For more details on the Puritans' immigration to New England, see Great Migration (Puritan).
King Charles I of England had succeeded his father King James I of England in 1625, and continued his father's strong opposition to the Puritan movement, who opposed many of the Anglican Church's doctrines as retaining too much of its Roman Catholic roots. After the Puritans assumed control of Parliament, they began to pose a serious threat to the King's authority. In January 1629, in a move to neutralize his opponents, Charles dissolved Parliament entirely. The religious and political climate became so difficult for Puritans that many began to make arrangements to leave the country.
William Phelps was among them. Phelps had been a member of Reverend John Warham's church. Warham had been a minister since 1614, but was relieved of his ministerial duties in 1627 because of his “strong Puritan leanings.”[9]:66 The group Phelps joined was organized by the Reverend John White, Vicar of Dorchester, England. White is generally regarded as the sponsor of the earliest Massachusetts settlement after Plymouth. At his urging, nearly 150 individuals gathered from the English West Country counties of Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.[10] While many historians assumed that the emigrants were motivated by religious persecution like others in the Winthrop Fleet, the West Country was free from it.[10]
Unlike many who fled England for Canada, Ireland, and the Caribbean during this time, the Puritans who migrated to the New World were on the whole better educated and tended to leave relatively prosperous lives to establish a new society of pious family values. While the Pilgrims were non-conformists or separatists, the Puritans were reformers. They were not leaving England for religious freedom, per se, for they believed their faith to be the only true religion. They disrespected all other faiths, especially Quakers.
The emigrants were organized by Rev. White on March 19, 1630 as the West Country Company at New Hospital, Plymouth, England, the day before leaving England. Although very few knew one another, they agreed to emigrate as a body to Massachusetts, where White had sent other groups over the prior six years.[10] White has been called “the father of the Massachusetts Colony,” despite remaining in England his entire life, because of his influence in establishing this settlement.[11] From their first arrival aboard the Mayflower in 1620, until 1629, only about 300 Puritans had survived in New England, scattered in small and isolated settlements.
The group fasted, prayed and prepared themselves for their perilous long voyage. White preached sermons in the morning and afternoon; then, with his blessing, the group departed on March 20 for the New World aboard the Mary and John.
Arrival in the New World[edit]
The Mary and John made a good passage and arrived at Nantasket on May 30, 1630 without casualty. The arrival of 140 passengers in New England significantly increased the local population. Along with William Phelps was Roger Ludlowe, John Mason, Samuel Maverick, Nicholas Upsall, Henry Wolcott and other men who would become prominent in the founding of a new nation. The passengers are generally known as the Dorchester Company, referring to the place they selected for their settlement. They remained together as a distinct body and contemporary records identify most of them.
The ship arrived in Massachusetts at about the same time as first ships of the Winthrop Fleet. While the passenger lists for this voyage are not well documented, researchers from the Mary and John Clearing House concluded that it is highly likely that William Phelps, his wife Ann Dover, and their sons William, Samuel, Nathanial and Joseph were aboard ship.[12] These names support the conclusion that William Phelps was from Crewkerne and not Tewkesbury.
Early colonial life[edit]
The Mary and John immigrants organized the town of Dorchester upon their arrival[13] at what is now the intersection of Columbia Road and Massachusetts Avenue in South Boston. The Puritan settlers landed at Columbia Point, which the Native Americans called "Mattaponnock".[14]
The immigrants founded the First Parish Church of Dorchester in 1631, which exists today as the Unitarian-Universalist church on Meetinghouse Hill, being the oldest religious organization in present-day Boston. The first church building was a simple log cabin with a thatched roof.[15] The settlers held their first town meeting at the church, and they set their laws in open and frequent discussion. In all of this they were inspired by the ideal of the Kingdom of God on earth and the attempt to realize this in England in the time of the Rev. John White. The church is referred to as a 'Foundation Stone of the Nation".[16]
Photo of the The Mather School built in 1694 as of 1913. This school was replaced in 1798 when the town voted to sell the old school and build a new one of brick on Meeting House Hill
The new settlers also founded in 1639 the first elementary school in the New World supported by public money, the Mather School.[13] The school is the oldest elementary school in America.[17] Dorchester was annexed by the City of Boston in 1970.
Foreman of first grand jury[edit]
Phelps served continually in varying governing capacities for many years. He was a member of the first General Court held in the colony in 1636, a member of the Court of Magistrates from 1637 to 1643, and was foreman of the first Grand Jury in 1643.[5]
Early service in government[edit]
Phelps name was spelled in the Massachusetts Colonial Records variously as Felps, Phelips and Phelps. He was made constable, assigned to serve on committees given authority to settle land and boundary disputes, and given other key responsibilities in administering the affairs of the new town, including serving on the General Court. or general meeting, at which individuals were tried for offenses including absence from church, forgery, fornication, and “bastardy.”
Phelps remained in Dorchester until 1635 when he and a large number of other families relocated to a new site inland which they named Windsor.
Founding of Windsor[edit]
Plan of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut circa 1640-1654, showing the names and locations of settlers' homes, the Palisade, and various geographic features.
In 1633, the Plymouth Trading Company established the first Connecticut settlement, a trading post at what would become Windsor, Connecticut, in territory the Dutch claimed and in which they maintained a fort and trading post, about seven miles downriver in what was later Hartford, Connecticut. In 1635, Puritan and Congregationalist members of Reverend Warham’s and Reverend Maverick's congregation, including William Phelps, John Mason, Roger Ludlow, Henry Wolcott, and others, all prominent settlers, were dissatisfied with the rate of Anglican reforms. They sought permission from the Massachusetts General Court to establish a new ecclesiastical society subject to their own rules and regulations. About 60 individuals, totaling 23 heads of households, undertook a two-week's journey about 100 miles (160 km) to the east.[9]:66 They founded a new town they initially also named Dorchester. Two years later in 1637, the colony's General Court changed the name of the settlement from Dorchester to Windsor,[19] believed to be named after the town of Windsor, England on the River Thames. The new town was the first English settlement in the state.[5]:11 Under pressure from continued English settlement, the Dutch abandoned their post in 1654.
First town government in colonies[edit]
Windsor was supposed to be under the control of the Massachusetts Company. When Connecticut was set apart as a colony, the General Court of Massachusetts set the terms of the new colony's government in a commission granted by on March 3, 1636. It set out how differences were to be resolved, fines and imprisonment imposed, trading, planting, building, lots, military discipline, defense in war, and the people to be self-governed in their new town.[18] William Phelps was one of eight commissioners appointed by the Colony of Massachusetts Bay to govern the Colony of Connecticut. All meetings were to meet in a legal and open manner. Eight men were given "full power and authority" to lead the new colony: "Roger Ludlowe, Esqr., William Pinchon, Esq., John Steele, William Swaine, Henry Smythe, William Phelpes, William Westwood & Andrew Warde."
Roger Ludlow later wrote a book on the democratic procedures of Connecticut which furnished the outline for the Constitution of the United States.
Pequot war service[edit]
For more details on this topic, see Pequot War.
The Mashantucket Pequot had lived in Southeastern Connecticut for over 10,000 years.[20] When the colonists occupied Windsor, Connecticut, they came into contact and later conflict with the Pequot who inhabited the area. The Pequot had recently conquered the area from another tribe. In 1637, the Pequot killed two British slave raiders who had been capturing Native Americans for the slave trade. The colonists demanded that the Indians who killed the slavers be turned over for punishment. The Pequot refused. Other skirmishes and confrontations ensued, including an attack on settlers working in fields near Wethersfield. This was retribution for the confiscation of land belonging to sachem Sowheag. The English, unlike the French, considered land more important than fur trade, and they enslaved or killed most of those who survived the periodic epidemics, like the Smallpox epidemic among the Pequot during 1630-32. The newcomers wanted the land for themselves,[21] and they believed God afflicted the Pequot with Smallbox as a blessing to the settlers.
"At a General Court held May 1, 1637 in Hartford, Connecticut,[22] William Phelps presiding, it was ordered that there shall be an offensive war against the Pequot Indians, in which war he served.” On May 26, 1637, about 90 English militia combined forces with Indians who were also enemies of the Pequot, the Narragansetts and Mohegan. They attacked the Pequot palisade or fort at Mystic. Many of the Pequot men from that village, led by their sachem Sassacus, were largely absent from the village as they prepared another raid on Hartford, Connecticut.[22]:11
The militia, commanded by Captain John Mason, surrounded the palisaded village at dawn and set it to fire, striving to kill any who escaped the flames.[22] By their own estimate they killed 600 to 700 individuals, captured seven, and saw seven escape.[22]:11[23] most of whom where women and children. This was later referred to as the Mystic massacre. In the ensuring weeks the Pequot, already decimated by Smallpox, were virtually eliminated as a tribe. The remaining individuals were enslaved by neighboring enemy tribes, sold into slavery to other colonies, or enslaved by the white settlers themselves.
Later public service[edit]
William Phelps was a member of the General Court for 23 years from 1636 to 1662. He was a member of Council in 1637. In 1641, he and later Governor Thomas Welles, of Hartford, were a committee on lying, “considered a grievous fault.” That same year he served as Governor of the Windsor Colony. He was also one of the earliest Governor's Assistants and Representative from 1645 to 1657. Phelps participated in enacting laws which with others were later called the Blue Laws of Connecticut."[1]
The law of the day was specific regarding crimes and punishment, and Phelps was cited on numerous occasions for his responsibility in administering the law.
Land purchases[edit]
Close-up image of map of central area of Windsor, Connecticut circa 1640-1654, showing homes of William Phelps Sr., at top, after his move away from the river, and his son William Phelps Jr. immediately next to his.
His home in Windsor was “a short distance north of the Mill River Valley,” and after the Connecticut River flooded during the breaking up of ice in the spring of 1639, he moved his home further north, “about three-quarters of a mile northwest of Broad Street on the road to Poquonock, the place owned, in 1859, by Deacon Roger Phelps.” [24]
Phelps purchased land from the Indians on more than one occasion. In a deed dated March 31, 1665, Phelps recorded that he had purchased a parcel of land about 30 years previously from Sehat, a Paquanick sachem. He was unable to provide title and prove his previous payment, forcing him to buy the land again. He paid to Sehat's descendant “Nassahegan, an Indian sachem” and his kinsmen “four trucking coats” and wampum. He had previously paid "two coats and 40 shillings in wampum for a third coat, and six bushels of Indian corn, and fifteen shillings in wampum for the fourth coat; and fifteen shillings in wampum is at six a penny."[18]:105
The Massachusetts Colonial Records contain a report from February, 1666, which reported that "whereas there are several men that have land within the limits of it (the purchase aforesaid) both meadow and up-land, besides Mr. Phelps and his sons, it was therefore concluded that each man according to his proportion of land, capable of plowing or mowing, shall pay 12 pence per acre to Mr. Phelps; and each man paying to Mr. Phelps should afterward have a clear title to their several shares of land." Historian Henry Reed Stiles noted, "In these early days the title of Mister or Mr. was only given to elderly persons of distinction, while all military titles were always used. William Phelps received this distinguished title of Mr."[24]
Stiles further noted that William Phelps "was one of the most prominent and highly respected men in the colony. An excellent, pious, and upright man in his public and private life, and was truly a pillar in Church and State."[24] The family historian Oliver Phelps cited William Phelps as "one of the fathers and founders of this now ocean-bound Republic."[1]
Death and burial[edit]
Phelps died at age 78 on July 14, 1672, and was buried the next day. His wife died three years later on November 27, 1675. A Settlement Deed for his son Timothy's marriage to Mary, daughter of Edward Griswold, another pioneer founder of Windsor, was dated April 22, 1660. Phelps’ last will and testament was entered on the Windsor, Connecticut register, July 26, 1672, and signed by Matthew Grant, Register.[24]
See also[edit]
1. ^ a b c d e f Phelps, Oliver Seymour; Andrew T. Servin (1899). The Phelps Family of America and Their English Ancestors 1. Pittsfield, Massachusetts: Eagle Publishing Company. pp. 77–89.
2. ^ David Phelps. "New England Phelps". Retrieved 2008-12-30. [dead link]
3. ^ "Phelps Family History From England to America". Retrieved 2009-09-29.
4. ^ Swanson, Margaret P. (Winter 1997). "Phelps Connections Newsletter" 6 (1). p. 409.
5. ^ a b c d Hinman, Royal Ralph (1846). A Catalogue of the Names of the First Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut: With the Time of Their Arrival in the Colony, and Their Standing in Society, Together with Their Place of Residence, as Far as Can be Discovered by the Records. Collected from the State and Town Records. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
6. ^ Lawson, Stephen M. "Phelps-Griswold". Archived from the original on July 18, 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
7. ^ "Phelps Entries in The Great Migration Begins". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
8. ^ "The Origins of William Phelps". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
9. ^ a b Rust, Val Dean (2004). Radical Origins: Early Mormon Converts and Their Colonial Ancestors. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02910-0.
10. ^ a b c "Ship Mary and John". Dorchester Atheneum. August 17, 2003. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
12. ^ "Mary and John 1630 Passenger "A List"". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
13. ^ a b Notable Events in Massachusetts
14. ^ "Calf Pasture Pumping Station", Dorchester Atheneum
15. ^ See Historical Sketch[dead link]
16. ^ Revd. John White - First Parish Church of Dorchester, Mass.
17. ^ Mather Elementary School
18. ^ a b c d Henry Reed Stiles, A.M., M.D. (1859). The History of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut: Including East Windsor, South Windsor, and Ellington, Prior to 1768, the Date of Their Separation from the Old Town; and Windsor, Bloomfield and Windsor Locks, to the Present Time. New York: Charles B. Norton. Two volumes.
19. ^ Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut, Volume 1, Page 7
20. ^ "Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation History". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
21. ^ Jack Campisi. "John Simon's Engravings of the Four Kings: More Than Meets the Eye". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
22. ^ a b c d Mason, John; Paul Royster, editor (1736). "A Brief History of the Pequot War". University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
23. ^ "Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation Timeline". Retrieved 2008-12-30.
24. ^ a b c d Trumbull, Benjamin (1898). A Complete History of Connecticut: Civil and Ecclesiastical, from the Emigration of Its First Planters, from England, in the Year 1630, to the Year 1764; and to the Close of the Indian Wars. New London: Maltby, Goldsmith and Co. and Samuel Wadsworth. Two volumes
Further reading[edit]
• Trumbull, B. Complete History of Connecticut, Civil and Ecclesiastical, 2 vols. New London, 1898 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43203 | Podcast: Q&A, Google Voice on Windows Phone? Chromebook on iMac? AirPlay v. Bluetooth?
With the mobile market becoming a central part of everyone’s lives, it should make things simple, right? Not so fast: All this mobile tech can be equally as confusing with different platforms, networks, devices and more. That’s the idea behind our newest GigaOM podcast. You can call in or tweet a question and I’ll answer it on the show.
Stitcher Radio
Host: Kevin C. Tofel
• Who has the faster LTE network: Verizon or AT&T?
• How can I use Google Voice on Windows Phone?
• What should we expect this year in mobile payments?
• Can I connect a Chromebook to an iMac?
• Does the Chevy Volt have integrated 3G?
• Should I use AirPlay or Bluetooth with my huge iTunes library?
• Is it too late for Intel in the mobile space?
Facebook’s Graph-ic Search, Open Compute is Kinda Cool, Netflix vs. TWC
Why Big Data Will Be Even Bigger in 2013
Instgram’s Twit-storm, Netflix nabs Disney, GMail’s Pretty iPad App
RoadMap re-run, our talk with Instagram’s Kevin Systrom
iTunes 11, When Things Connect, Sun Volt
What Aspiring New Media Stars Should Know About Agents and Managers
Holiday Gadget Gift Guide
War Tweets, Google TV and Nexus 4
Director Jay Duplass on low-fi movies through high-tech
Election Dissection, Ditching DSL and Dumping the iPad
Sandy’s Social, Infrastructure Impact and Forstall
Windows 8 Surfaces, and disruption eruption
iPad Mini, iMac gets skinny
Boxee Cloud DVR, Apple Rumors and Chromebook
Commutist interview: Joy of X author Steven Strogatz
Commutist podcast: Patent trolls, Costco ban and Passbook’s home run
Commutist, meet Nerdist, and interview with Chris Hardwick
T-Metro, Broadband Caps, Remembering Steve Jobs
Apple’s iO-Mess, Dirty Data Centers and Tesla
News from the Mobilize Conference
The iPhone 5 Event
Come on, Kindle, Light My 4G Fire
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6701Re: [Marbling] Buffered or unbuffered mats...does it matter?
Expand Messages
• irisnevins
Jun 18 1:53 PM
• 0 Attachment
I wouldn't worry about it in the least. If you see no ill effects don't worry. I have papers I marbled 34 years ago that were not buffered not acid free, and there is still no problem, even the ones I bound onto books, covers and end leaves. For decades now the papers we use are washed free of lignins, which is one of the main things that will rot paper. There are papers from the 1400s still intact and the read acidic, so some conservator friends have said.
Iris Nevins
On 06/18/12, Barb<blskoog@...> wrote:
Hi All,
I know there is always an interesting conversation about buffered vs. unbuffered PAPER when it comes to marbling but my question has to do with MATBOARD...the stuff used to frame marbled papers with.
Once a paper is marbled, does it matter if my matboard is unbuffered or not? I have been using both and haven't seen a difference but then again, my oldest framed piece is only 5 years! I'm not looking to ensure my pieces will last a billion years...only that there is no paint transfer or obvious signs of degradation in the next 20 years. Also note that I do not treat my final papers with anything like a finish.
I have been told that unbuffered mats are best for things like textiles, dye transfers, and albumen prints whereas buffered is fine for things like black & white prints. I'm just not sure where marbled paper fits into those scenarios.
Many thanks in advance for your advice,
Barb Skoog
Yahoo! Groups Links
• Show all 2 messages in this topic |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43247 |
Bug#258623: analysis
On Sat, Mar 26, 2005 at 04:37:30PM +0000, Colin Watson wrote:
> > The grub parser failed because the SuSE menu.lst uses
> > its TODO.
> Furthermore, it fails because the SuSE menu.lst makes use of the fact
> at least this part is quite a bad bug that we should fix for sarge
> final; I'm working on a patch now.
This part should be fixed in os-prober 1.05 (I didn't test with an
actual Fedora installation, but constructed a test harness to try it out
in a normal system).
Colin Watson [[email protected]]
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43248 |
Re: Debian derivatives census: Kali: support and bug reporting information
On Fri, 22 Mar 2013, Paul Wise wrote:
> I've noticed that there have been some folks contacting[1][2] Debian for
> support with Kali. It would be good if Kali could comply with the Debian
> derivatives guidelines on bug reports[3] and encourage users to use Kali
> support channels rather than Debian ones.
> Looking at the Kali mini iso[4], I noticed that the dpkg origins file
> doesn't contain a Bugs: line, so the default place for bug reports is
> bugs.debian.org.
I will fix the "Bugs" line but that information is not (porperly) used
by reportbug.
$ cat /etc/dpkg/origins/default
Vendor: Kali
Vendor-URL: http://www.kali.org/
Parent: debian
Bugs: http://bugs.kali.org
$ reportbug apt
Will send report to Debian (per lsb_release).
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux Kali 1.0
Release: Kali 1.0
Codename: n/a
So there's a more general problem in the way lsb-release works in Debian, it's
not derivative-ready/friendly. I filed a bug about it (this list should get a copy).
Now I have added an /etc/lsb-release just to verify what reportbug does:
$ reportbug apt
Will send report to Kali (per lsb_release).
Kali bug tracking system has no web URL; bypassing query
Report will be sent to "Debian Bug Tracking System" <[email protected]>
Submit this report on apt (e to edit) [y|n|a|c|E|i|l|m|p|q|d|t|s|?]?
So reportbug is also not derivative friendly, and it needs to be fixed.
I filed a second bug about this. Because really, derivatives should not
have to fork reportbug...
Raphaël Hertzog ◈ Debian Developer
Get the Debian Administrator's Handbook:
→ http://debian-handbook.info/get/
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43251 |
Debian on a 386? Unlikely. (was: ramblings about old hardware, gzip, bz2, and pentium opts)
takes about 20 mins just to bring up the selection screen.
Of course, I have a 486dx2-66 with 64MB of ram and 2GB disk that runs
Debian just fine. I doubt there are many 386s out there with more
than the first system, though.
( [email protected] )
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43252 |
Re: potato cd's and l10n
31.07.2000 pisze Michael Sobolev ([email protected]):
> > What about using a font which contains a subset of Unicode?
> This way it gets lighter.. :) I found that a font for all (let me
> repeat, *all*) messages in boot floppies is not that big at all. But
> the problem here is an unicode aware terminal...
Linux console? It *is* unicode aware, IIRC. Maybe you should look into
Qrczak's dynafonts package? (It's an idea only, I just remember I read
something, but in real I don't know anything about)
[ Miros/law L Baran, baran-at-knm-org-pl, neg IQ, cert AI ] [ 0101010 is ]
[ BOF2510053411, makabra.knm.org.pl/~baran/, alchemy pany ] [ The Answer ]
Corrupt, adj.:
In politics, holding an office of trust or profit.
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43253 |
On Thu, Mar 28, 2002 at 09:01:03PM +0100, Jeroen Dekkers wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 27, 2002 at 04:10:21PM -0500, Stephen Ryan wrote:
> > That's the theory.
> The practice is that the Hurd is also cool. Only the current state
> isn't, but when we fix that
That's truely illustrative.
Mike Stone
To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [email protected]
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43254 |
Re: gnupg-doc of standard priority?
On Sun, Jul 14, 2002 at 08:26:13PM -0500, Scott Dier wrote:
> > using priorities to set up a useful system.
> Some peoples ideas of a 'useful system' don't include large amounts of
> extra documentation thats not needed for the functionality.
In which case they can uninstall the package. What's the fuss?
To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [email protected]
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43255 |
ANN: tla-buildpackage
The tla-buildpackage system has been accepted into unstable. It is designed
to provide cvs-buildpackage-like features for tla/Arch.
The system comes with these programs:
* tbp-initarchive
Designed to initialize a tla archive and a working directory for use
with tla-buildpackage.
* tbp-importdsc
Imports Debian source packages. You can use this to import a full
change history into your archive, or to use as a starting point.
* tbp-importorig
Imports upstream sources only; takes a tar.gz file or a directory.
* tbp-markdeb
Quick shortcut that marks a tla configuration for a given Debian
release (similar to tagging in CVS)
* tla-buildpackage
Builds a Debian package based on information in the archive,
checking out upstream versions as necessary. It also passes proper
parameters to debuild to ensure that tla temporary data is excluded
from generated source packages.
The package also includes a comprehensive 24-page manual in PostScript and
HTML, and of course, manpages for each command.
Current weaknesses:
* Does not yet work with Debian native packages. I'm not sure if this
is a bug that needs fixing; tla itself works well in this situatoin
* A few things take more steps than they should; more automation will be
* Directory layout is somewhat rigid (but is documented).
I am already using it for my own packages and have had good success.
-- John
Reply to: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/43257 |
Re: [SUMMARY/PROPOSAL] Orphaning another maintainer's packages
On Fri, Oct 26, 2012 at 03:10:30PM -0400, Michael Gilbert wrote:
> On Fri, Oct 26, 2012 at 12:51 AM, Steve Langasek wrote:
> > On Thu, Oct 25, 2012 at 07:45:35PM -0400, Michael Gilbert wrote:
> >> I think this is where language is important. In my opinion, the term
> >> "adoption" will continue to mean taking on full responsibility for a
> >> package as its new maintainer. The term "salvage", in my opinion, we
> >> can define as a process for becoming a co-maintainer on a package with
> >> a long-term possibility of becoming its maintainer.
> > This is an unhelpful redefinition of the term. The term "salvage" was
> > introduced to *mean* orphaning/adopting a package when the maintainer is no
> > longer fulfilling their responsibilities.
> Why do we need two different terms defined as the exact same thing?
> In other words, if both salvaging and orphaning mean the same thing,
> then what's the point of salvaging?
They don't mean the same thing. Maintainers orphan their own packages;
adopters adopt orphaned (or RFAed) packages. Salvaging is the process of
identifying packages that *should* be orphaned in the *absence* of the
> In my opinion salvaging (under the above definition) is something that
> would be able to happen a lot sooner than orphaning because it is
> initial a co-mainainter process, rather than a maintainer replacement
> process.
Comaintenance is irrelevant to the question at hand.
Steve Langasek Give me a lever long enough and a Free OS
Ubuntu Developer http://www.debian.org/
[email protected] [email protected]
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We need a global decision about R data in binary format, and stick to it.
Le Mon, Aug 05, 2013 at 12:37:17AM +0000, Paul Richards Tagliamonte a écrit :
> Hi maintainer,
> sysdata.rda appears to be in your source, which is a dataset compressed
> into pickled R objects.
> Can you assure me of one of two things:
> 1. that this data is *not* used anywhere in the binary packages
> (and is not shipped) and *can* be rebuilt from *just* the contents
> of the package and that it is *not* shipped.
> 2. that you rebuild this at build-time, and that is included.
> I see two sysdata files that are getting installed.
> If these are coming from this binary file, please respond asking
> for a REJECT and re-upload this package fixing the situation
Dear Paul and everybody,
it is the common practice in upstream R packages to store data in binary
objects. Those objects can be modified with R, and exported into various
formats. The Debian archive if full of them.
The question asked by Paul is a recurrent question that comes each time the FTP
trainees rotate (basically once per release cycle, because during the Freeze
the FTP trainees find other exciting tasks to do, and then do not seem to have
much time to process NEW anymore).
The proble is that if there is a too strong mismatch between what the R modules
currently in the Debian archive, and the criteria for introducing new packages.
As a consequence, the work on packages that are actively developped stops, and
Debian slowly retains only the packages that nobody uses anymore, and that
therefore do not pick extra dependancies that have to go through the NEW queue.
This is active bitrotting at its worst.
I would like to have a global decision about R packages in Debian, not only
about the new ones, and then document this decision and stick to it. But I
warn that it may have the consequence of moving most of them to non-free,
despite the data in binaryformat is freely modifiable or exportable to text
format with R, which is a Free software that we distribute.
Have a nice day,
Charles Plessy
Debian Med packaging team,
Tsurumi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Calendar.CurrentEra Field
Represents the current era of the current calendar.
Namespace: System.Globalization
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public const int CurrentEra
The CurrentEra field represents the index of the current era in the Eras array. Because eras are arranged in reverse chronological order (from the current era to earlier eras), this field is a constant that has a value of 0.
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0
Community Additions
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HttpWebRequest.ContinueDelegate Property
Gets or sets the delegate method called when an HTTP 100-continue response is received from the Internet resource.
Namespace: System.Net
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
public HttpContinueDelegate ContinueDelegate { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Net.HttpContinueDelegate
A delegate that implements the callback method that executes when an HTTP Continue response is returned from the Internet resource. The default value is null.
The ContinueDelegate property specifies the callback method to call when the client receives a 100-Continue response.
When the ContinueDelegate property is set, the client calls the delegate whenever protocol responses of type HttpStatusCode.Continue (100) are received. This is useful if you want the client to display the status of the data being received from the Internet resource.
.NET Framework
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
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