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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61542 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Afro-Bahamian The Bahamas
Total population
Approx. 340,000
Regions with significant populations
Bahamas (Approx. 262,000)[1]
Florida, London, Georgia, Alabama, New York City
Bahamian Dialect, Bahamian Creole, English
Christianity, Rastafari movement
Afro-Bahamians are Bahamians of entirely or predominantly African descent. The first Africans to arrive to The Bahamas came from Bermuda with the Eleutheran Adventurers as freed slaves.
According to the 2010 Census, 85% of The Bahamas' population is Black.[1]
Most of the enslaved Africans brought to The Bahamas disembarked from Central Africa (37,000 Africans). Other African slaves were from the Bight of Biafra (21,000 Africans), Senegambia (800 Africans), Sierra Leone (1,180 Africans), the Windward Coast (1,030 Africans), from the Gold Coast (480 Africans), and the Bight of Benin (1,040 Africans).[2]
Many Bahamians are also descendants of Gullah imported to The Bahamas during the American Revolution.
In the 1820s, hundreds of African American slaves and Black Seminoles escaped from Cape Florida to the Bahamas, settling mostly on northwest Andros Island, where they developed the village of Red Bays. In 1823, 300 slaves escaped in a mass flight aided by Bahamians in 27 sloops, with others using canoes for the journey. This was commemorated in 2004 by a large sign at Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park.[3][4] Some of their descendants continue Black Seminole traditions in basket making and grave marking.[5]
Afro-Bahamian culture[edit]
Obeah is practiced by some Bahamians mainly in the Family Islands of The Bahamas.[11] The practice of Obeah is, however, illegal in The Bahamas and punishable by law.[12] Junkanoo is a traditional Bahamian street parade of music, dance, and art held in Nassau every Boxing Day and New Year's Day. Junkanoo is also used to celebrate Emancipation Day.
References and footnotes[edit]
2. ^ African origins of the slaves from British and former British Antilles
8. ^ Horne (2012), Negro Comrades of the Crown, p. 137
10. ^ Williams, Michael Paul (11 February 2002). "Brig Creole slaves". Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, VA). Retrieved 2 February 2010.
12. ^ [1][dead link] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61543 | Sudoku solving algorithms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Algorithmics of Sudoku)
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A standard Sudoku puzzle contains 81 cells, in a 9 by 9 grid, and has 9 zones, each zone being the intersection of 3 rows and 3 columns. Each cell may contain a number from one to nine; each number can only occur once in each zone, row, and column of the grid. At the beginning of the game, many cells begin with numbers in them, and the goal is to fill in the remaining cells. Players may use a wide range of strategies to solve Sudoku puzzles, and this article goes over a number of methods for doing so.
Backtracking algorithms are adapted to solve the Sudoku that iterates all the possible solutions for the given sudoku. If the solutions assigned do not lead to the solution of Sudoku, the algorithm discards the solutions and rollbacks to the original solutions and retries again and hence the name backtracking. [1]
Below is the general pseudocode of backtracking algorithm for standard sudoku template (9x9) [2]
Initialize 2D array with 81 empty grids (nx = 9, ny = 9)
Fill in some empty grid with the known values
Make an original copy of the array
Start from top left grid (nx = 0, ny = 0), check if grid is empty
if (grid is empty) {
assign the empty grid with values (i)
if (no numbers exists in same rows & same columns same as (i) & 3x3 zone (i) is currently in)
fill in the number
discard (i) and repick other values (i++)
else {
while (nx < 9) {
Proceed to next row grid(nx++, ny)
if (nx equals 9) {
reset nx = 1
proceed to next column grid(nx,ny++)
if (ny equals 9) {
print solution
Exact cover[edit]
Main article: Exact cover § Sudoku
Sudoku may be described as an instance of the exact cover problem. This allows both for an elegant description of the problem and an efficient solution using a backtracking algorithm. While exact cover does not guarantee efficient solution times for large grids, implementations of Sudoku using algorithms for exact cover, such as Dancing Links, typically solve 9x9 Sudoku grids with minimal calculation time of the order of seconds.
Brute-force algorithm[edit]
Some hobbyists have developed computer programs that will solve Sudoku puzzles using a brute force algorithm. Although it has been established that approximately 6.67 x 1021 final grids exist, using a brute force computer algorithm can be a practical method to solve puzzles if the code is well designed.
Advantages of this method are:
• a solution is guaranteed (as long as the puzzle is valid)
• solving time is mostly unrelated to degree of difficulty
The disadvantage of this method is that it may be comparatively slow when compared to computer solution methods modeled after deductive methods.
A brute force algorithm visits the empty cells in some order, filling in digits sequentially from the available choices, or backtracking (removing failed choices) when a dead-end is reached. For example, a brute force program would solve a puzzle by placing the digit "1" in the first cell and checking if it is allowed to be there. If there are no violations (checking row, column, and box constraints) then the algorithm advances to the next cell, and places a "1" in that cell. When checking for violations, it is discovered that the "1" is not allowed, so the value is advanced to a "2". If a cell is discovered where none of the 9 digits is allowed, then the algorithm leaves that cell blank and moves back to the previous cell. The value in that cell is then increased by 1. The algorithm is repeated until a valid solution for all 81 cells is found.
Stochastic search / optimization methods[edit]
Sudoku can be solved using stochastic (random-based—search) methods.[3][4] An example of this is:
1. randomly assigning numbers to the blank cells in the grid
2. calculate the number of errors
3. "shuffle" these inserted numbers around the grid until the number of mistakes is reduced to zero
A solution to the puzzle will then have been found. Approaches for shuffling the numbers include simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and tabu search.
Stochastic-based optimisation algorithms are known to be quite fast, though they are perhaps not as fast as some logic-based techniques. Unlike the latter however, optimisation algorithms do not necessarily require problems to be logic-solvable, giving them the potential to solve a wider range of problem instance.
It is also possible to express a Sudoku as an integer linear programming problem. Such approaches seem to get close to a solution quite quickly, and can then use branching towards the end. The Simplex algorithm seems able to handle situations with no solutions or multiple solutions quite well.
Constraint Programming[edit]
Sudoku is a constraint problem. "Sudoku as a constraint problem" describes many reasoning algorithms available in the form of constraints which can be applied to model and solve the problem. Some constraint solvers include an example how to model and solve Sudoku problems.[5] [6] The constraint program modeling and solving Sudoku will in most solvers have less than 100 lines of code. If the code employs a strong reasoning algorithm, incorporating a search routine is only needed for the hardest puzzles.
Computation time[edit]
Computer algorithms work through increasingly more cycles when searching for Sudokus with 20 clues or fewer. Indeed puzzles with 17 clues are notoriously difficult to find. When the constraint of symmetry is applied, the expected search time will dramatically increase yet further.[7]
Blank Sudoku grids[edit]
Although Sudoku grids that come with some of their cells pre-filled can often be quite challenging to solve, blank Sudoku grids can actually be solved very quickly. Perhaps the easiest way of doing this is to produce the root solution, which can be achieved using the following simple polynomial time algorithm.[3]
For the standard n2 x n2 (9 x 9) grid this algorithm (equivalent implementations in Java and Haskell) is as follows:
final int n = 3;
final int[][] field = new int[n*n][n*n];
field[i][j] = (i*n + i/n + j) % (n*n) + 1;
sol :: [[Int]]
sol = [ [ witness (build i j) | j <- [0..heightGame] ]
| i <- [0..heightGame] ]
build i j = (i * heightRegion) + (i `div` heightRegion) + j
witness = (`mod` heightGame) . (+ 1)
heightRegion = 3
heightGame = heightRegion^2
The above procedure produces the following 9x9 Sudoku:
| 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
| 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 | 1 2 3 |
| 7 8 9 | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 |
| 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 | 8 9 1 |
| 5 6 7 | 8 9 1 | 2 3 4 |
| 8 9 1 | 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 |
| 3 4 5 | 6 7 8 | 9 1 2 |
| 6 7 8 | 9 1 2 | 3 4 5 |
| 9 1 2 | 3 4 5 | 6 7 8 |
1. ^ Zelenski, Julie (July 16, 2008). Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (Stanford). Stanford Computer Science Department.
2. ^
3. ^ a b Lewis, R (2007) Metaheuristics Can Solve Sudoku Puzzles Journal of Heuristics, vol. 13 (4), pp 387-401.
4. ^ Perez, Meir and Marwala, Tshilidzi (2008) Stochastic Optimization Approaches for Solving Sudoku arXiv:0805.0697.
5. ^ "JaCoP"
6. ^ "Sudokusolver"
7. ^ "17 Clue Sudoku with Diagonal Symmetry"
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61544 | Veneration of the dead
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Ancestor Worship)
Jump to: navigation, search
"Cult of the dead" and "Ancestor worship" redirect here. For other uses, see Cult of the dead (disambiguation).
Part of a series on
Anthropology of religion
Flemish - Shrine of Saint Amandus - Walters 539 - Three Quarter.jpg
Shrine of St. Amandus
Social and cultural anthropology
The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. Some groups venerate their direct, familial ancestors; some faith communities, in particular the Catholic Church, venerate saints as intercessors with God.
In Europe, Asia, and Oceania, and in some African and Afro-Diasporic cultures, the goal of ancestor veneration is to ensure the ancestors' continued well-being and positive disposition towards the living, and sometimes to ask for special favours or assistance. The social or non-religious function of ancestor veneration is to cultivate kinship values, such as filial piety, family loyalty, and continuity of the family lineage. Ancestor veneration occurs in societies with every degree of social, political, and technological complexity, and it remains an important component of various religious practices in modern times.
Ancestor reverence is not the same as the worship of a deity or deities. In some Afro-diasporic cultures, ancestors are seen as being able to intercede on behalf of the living, often as messengers between humans and the gods. As spirits who were once human themselves, they are seen as being better able to understand human needs than would a divine being. In other cultures, the purpose of ancestor veneration is not to ask for favors but to do one's filial duty. Some cultures believe that their ancestors actually need to be provided for by their descendants, and their practices include offerings of food and other provisions. Others do not believe that the ancestors are even aware of what their descendants do for them, but that the expression of filial piety is what is important.
Most cultures who practice ancestor veneration do not call it "ancestor worship." In English, the word worship usually refers to the reverent love and devotion accorded a deity or divine being. However in other cultures, this act of worship does not confer any belief that the departed ancestors have become some kind of deity. Rather, the act is a way to respect, honor and look after ancestors in their afterlives as well as seek their guidance for their living descendants. In this regard, many cultures and religions have similar practices. Some may visit the graves of their parents or other ancestors, leave flowers and pray to them in order to honor and remember them, while also asking their ancestors to continue to look after them. However, this would not be considered as worshipping them.
It is in that sense that the translation ancestor veneration may convey a more accurate sense of what practitioners, such as the Chinese and other Buddhist-influenced and Confucian-influenced societies, as well as the African and European cultures see themselves as doing.
Ancient Egypt[edit]
Although some historians claim that ancient Egyptian society was a “death cult” because of its elaborate tombs and mummification rituals, it was really quite the opposite. The philosophy that “this world is but a vale of tears” and that to die and be with God is a better existence than an earthly one was relatively unknown among the ancient Egyptians. This was not to say that they were unacquainted with the harshness of life; rather, their ethos included a sense of national pride. The Egyptian people loved the culture, customs and religion of their daily lives so much that they wanted to continue them in the next—although some might hope for a better station in the Beautiful West (Egyptian afterlife). This same strong sense of national and historical pride still exists in modern-day Egypt, although the religion and culture have changed.
Tombs were housing in the Hereafter and so they were carefully constructed and decorated, just as homes for the living were. Mummification was a way to preserve the corpse so the ka (soul) of the deceased could return to receive offerings of the things s/he enjoyed while alive. If mummification was not affordable, a “ka-statue” in the likeness of the deceased was carved for this purpose. The Blessed Dead were collectively called the akhu, or “shining ones” (singular: akh). They were described as “shining as gold in the belly of Nut" (Gr. Nuit) and were indeed depicted as golden stars on the roofs of many tombs and temples.
The process by which a ka became an akh was not automatic upon death; it involved a 70-day journey through the duat, or Otherworld, which led to judgment before Wesir (Gr. Osiris), Lord of the Dead where the ka’s heart would be weighed on a scale against the Feather of Ma’at (representing Truth). However, if the ka was not properly prepared, this journey could be fraught with dangerous pitfalls and strange demons; hence some of the earliest religious texts discovered, such as the Papyrus of Ani (commonly known as The Book of the Dead) and the Pyramid Texts were actually written as guides to help the deceased successfully navigate the duat.
If the heart was in balance with the Feather of Ma'at, the ka passed judgment and was granted access to the Beautiful West as an akh who was ma’a heru (“true of voice”) to dwell among the gods and other akhu. At this point only was the ka deemed worthy to be venerated by the living through rites and offerings. Those who became lost in the duat or deliberately tried to avoid judgment became the unfortunate (and sometimes dangerous) mutu, the Restless Dead. For the few whose truly evil hearts outweighed the Feather, the goddess Ammit waited patiently behind Wesir’s judgment seat to consume them. She was a composite creature resembling three of the deadliest animals in Egypt: the crocodile, the hippopotamus and the lion. (The hippopotamus is still the leading cause of human deaths by animal encounter in Africa today.) Being fed to Ammit was to be consigned to the Eternal Void, to be “unmade” as a ka.
Besides being eaten by Ammit, the worst fate a ka could suffer after physical death was to be forgotten. For this reason, ancestor veneration in ancient Egypt was an important rite of remembrance in order to keep the ka “alive” in this life as well as in the next. Royals, nobles and the wealthy made contracts with their local priests to perform prayers and give offerings at their tombs. In return, the priests were allowed to keep a portion of the offerings as payment for services rendered. Some tomb inscriptions even invited passers-by to speak aloud the names of the deceased within (which also helped to perpetuate their memory), and to offer water, prayers or other things if they so desired. In the private homes of the less wealthy, niches were carved into the walls for the purpose of housing images of familial akhu and to serve as altars of veneration.
Many of these same religious beliefs and ancestor veneration practices are still carried on today in the religion of Kemetic Orthodoxy.
Ancient Rome[edit]
Detail from an early 2nd-century Roman sarcophagus depicting the death of Meleager
The Romans, like many Mediterranean societies, regarded the bodies of the dead as polluting.[1] During Rome's Classical period, the body was most often cremated, and the ashes placed in a tomb outside the city walls. Much of the month of February was devoted to purifications, propitiation, and veneration of the dead, especially at the nine-day festival of the Parentalia during which a family honored its ancestors. The family visited the cemetery and shared cake and wine, both in the form of offerings to the dead and as a meal among themselves. The Parentalia drew to a close on February 21 with the more somber Feralia, a public festival of sacrifices and offerings to the Manes, the potentially malevolent spirits of the dead who required propitiation.[2] One of the most common inscriptional phrases on Latin epitaphs is Dis Manibus, abbreviated D.M, "for the Manes gods," which appears even on some Christian tombstones. The Caristia on February 22 was a celebration of the family line as it continued into the present.[3]
A noble Roman family displayed ancestral images (imagines) in the tablinium of their home (domus). Some sources indicate these portraits were busts, while others suggest that funeral masks were also displayed. The masks, probably modeled of wax from the face of the deceased, were part of the funeral procession when an elite Roman died. Professional mourners wore the masks and regalia of the dead person's ancestors as the body was carried from the home, through the streets, and to its final resting place.[4]
West and Southeast African cultures[edit]
Ancestor veneration is prevalent throughout Africa and serves as the basis of many religions. It is often augmented by a belief in a supreme being, but prayers and/or sacrifices are usually offered to the ancestors who may ascend to becoming a kind of minor deities themselves. Ancestor veneration remains among many Africans, sometimes practiced alongside the later adopted religions of Christianity (as in Nigeria among the Igbo people) and Islam (among the different Mandé peoples and the Bamum) in much of the continent.[5][6]
Famadihana reburial ceremony
Veneration of ancestors is prevalent throughout the island of Madagascar. Approximately half of the country's population of 20 million currently practice traditional religion,[7] which tends to emphasize links between the living and the razana (ancestors). The veneration of ancestors has led to the widespread tradition of tomb building, as well as the highlands practice of the famadihana, whereby a deceased family member's remains may be exhumed to be periodically re-wrapped in fresh silk shrouds before being replaced in the tomb. The famadihana is an occasion to celebrate the beloved ancestor's memory, reunite with family and community, and enjoy a festive atmosphere. Residents of surrounding villages are often invited to attend the party, where food and rum are typically served and a hiragasy troupe or other musical entertainment is commonly present.[8] Veneration of ancestors is also demonstrated through adherence to fady, taboos that are respected during and after the lifetime of the person who establishes them. It is widely believed that by showing respect for ancestors in these ways, they may intervene on behalf of the living. Conversely, misfortunes are often attributed to ancestors whose memory or wishes have been neglected. The sacrifice of zebu is a traditional method used to appease or honor the ancestors. Small, everyday gestures of respect include throwing the first capful of a newly opened bottle of rum into the northeast corner of the room to give the ancestors their due share.[9]
East Asian cultures[edit]
Burning of incense during a veneration at Longshan Temple, which is dedicated to Guan Yu, Mazu, and others
Burning offerings
Ancestral veneration in some cultures (such as Chinese) (敬祖, pinyin: jìngzǔ), as well as ancestor worship (拜祖, pinyin: bàizǔ), seeks to honor and reminiscence the actions of the deceased; the ultimate homage to the dead. The importance of paying respect to parents (and elders) lies with the fact that all physical bodily aspects of one's being were created by one's parents, who continued to tend to one's well-being until one is on firm footings. The respect and the homage to parents, is to return this gracious deed to them in life and after, the ultimate homage. The shi (尸; "corpse, personator") was a Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE-256 BCE) sacrificial representative of a dead relative. During a shi ceremony, the ancestral spirit supposedly would enter the personator, who would eat and drink sacrificial offerings and convey spiritual messages.
Sacrifices are sometimes made to altars as food for the deceased. This falls under the modes of communication with the Chinese spiritual world concepts. Some of the veneration includes visiting the deceased at their graves and making offerings to the deceased in the Spring, Autumn, and Ghost Festivals. Due to the hardships of the late 19th- and 20th-century China, when meat and poultry were difficult to come by, sumptuous feasts are still offered in some Asian countries as a practice to the spirits or ancestors. However, in the orthodox Taoist and Buddhist rituals, only vegetarian food would suffice.
For those with deceased in the afterlife or hell, elaborate or even creative offerings, such as servants, refrigerators, houses, car, paper money and shoes are provided so that the deceased will be able to have these items after they have died. Often, paper versions of these objects are burned for the same purpose. Originally, real-life objects were buried with the dead. In time these goods were replaced by full size clay models which in turn were replaced by scale models, and in time today's paper offerings (including paper servants).
See also: Sorei and Bon festival
A Korean jesa altar for ancestors
See also: Jesa
In Korea, ancestor veneration is referred to by the generic term jerye (hangul: 제례; hanja: ) or jesa (hangul: 제사; hanja: ). Notable examples of jerye include Munmyo jerye and Jongmyo jerye, which are performed periodically each year for venerated Confucian scholars and kings of ancient times, respectively. The ceremony held on the anniversary of a family member's death is called charye (차례). It is still practiced today.[10]
The majority of Catholics, Buddhists and nonbelievers practice ancestral rites, although Protestants do not.[11] The Catholic ban on ancestral rituals was lifted in 1939, when the Catholic Church formally recognized ancestral rites as a civil practice.[11]
Ancestral rites are typically divided into three categories:[12]
1. Charye (차례, 茶禮) - tea rites held four times a year on major holidays (Korean New Year, Chuseok)
2. Kije (기제, 忌祭) - household rites held the night before an ancestor's death anniversary (기일, 忌日)
3. Sije (시제, 時祭; also called 사시제 or 四時祭) - seasonal rites held for ancestors who are five or more generations removed (typically performed annually on the tenth lunar month)
South and Southeast Asian cultures[edit]
Burma (Myanmar)[edit]
Ancestor worship is no longer present in modern-day Burma (except within some ethnic minority communities), but remnants of it still exist, such as worship of Bo Bo Gyi (literally "great grandfather"), as well as of other guardian spirits such as nats, all of which may be vestiges of historic ancestor worship.[13]
Ancestor worship was present in the royal court in pre-colonial Burma. During the Konbaung dynasty, solid gold images of deceased kings and their consorts were worshiped three times a year by the royal family, during the Burmese New Year (Thingyan), at the beginning and at the end of the Buddhist lent.[14] The images were stored in the treasury and worshiped at the Zetawunzaung (ဇေတဝန်ဆောင်, "Hall of Ancestors"), along with a book of odes.[14]
Some scholars attribute the disappearance of ancestor worship to the influence of Buddhist doctrines of anicca and anatta, impermanence and rejection of a 'self'.[15]
See also: Pchum Ben
Ancestors are acknowledged and honoured in India among Hindus. In India, when a person dies, the family observes a thirteen-day mourning period, generally called śrāddha. A year thence, they observe the ritual of Tarpan, in which the family makes offerings to the deceased. During these rituals, the family prepares the food items that the deceased liked and offers food to the deceased. They offer this food to crows as well on certain days as it is believed that the soul comes in the form of a bird to taste it. They are also obliged to offer śrāddha, a small feast of specific preparations, to eligible Bramhins. Only after these rituals are the family members allowed to eat. It is believed that this reminds the ancestor's spirits that they are not forgotten and are loved, so it brings them peace. However, no one prays to ancestors. On Shradh days, people pray that the souls of ancestors be appeased, forget any animosity and find peace.
Each year, on the particular date (as per the Hindu calendar) when the person had died, the family members repeat this ritual.
Apart from this, there is also a fortnight-long duration each year called Pitru Paksha ("fortnight of ancestors"), when the family remembers all its ancestors and offers "Tarpan" to them. This period falls just before the Navratri or Durga Puja falling in the month of Ashwin. Mahalaya marks the end of the fortnight-long Tarpan to the ancestors.
The Philippines[edit]
Wooden images of the ancestors in a museum in Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines
The predominantly Roman Catholic Filipino people still hold ancestors in particular esteem—though without the formality common to their neighbours—despite having been Christianised since coming into contact with Spanish missionaries in 1521.
In the present-day, ancestor veneration is expressed in having photographs of the dead by the home altar, a common fixture in many Filipino Christian homes. Candles are often kept burning before the photographs, which are sometimes decorated with garlands of fresh sampaguita, the national flower. Ancestors, particularly dead parents, also traditionally function as psychopomps, as a dying person is said to be brought to the afterlife (Tagalog: sundô, "fetch") by the spirits of dead relatives. It is said that when the moribund call out the names of deceased loved ones, the spirits of those particular people are said to be visible to the dying person, waiting at the foot of the deathbed.
Filipino Catholic and Aglipayan veneration of the dead finds its greatest expression in the Philippines is the Hallowmas season between 31 October and 2 November, variously called Undás (based on the word for "[the] first", the Spanish andas or possibly honra), Todos los Santos (literally "All Saints"), and sometimes Áraw ng mga Patáy (lit. "Day of the Dead"), which refers to the following solemnity of All Souls' Day. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead, cleaning and repairing their tombs. Common offerings are prayers, flowers, candles, and even food, while many also spend the remainder of the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the graveyard, playing games and music or singing.
Filipino-Chinese, meanwhile, have the most apparent and distinct customs related to ancestor veneration, carried over from traditional Chinese religion and most often melded with their current Catholic faith. Many still burn incense and kim at family tombs and before photos at home, while they incorporate Chinese practises into Masses held during the All Souls' Day period.
Amongst the animistic tribes in the northern Philippines, worshipping the ancestors was prevalent until the American Occupation in 1898. Unlike in other places such as the Christianised lowlands, the tribes' traditional religious images were preserved as part of their rich cultural heritage. Many of these carved wooden ancestors, known as the bulul, are preserved in museums and serve as a reminder of the highlanders' sophisticated history and culture.
In rural northern Thailand, a religious ceremony honoring ancestral spirits known as faun phii ("spirit dance" or "ghost dance") takes place. It includes offerings for ancestors with spirit mediums sword fighting, spirit-possessed dancing, and spirit mediums cock fighting in a spiritual cockfight.[16]
A Vietnamese altar for ancestors
Ancestor veneration is one of the most unifying aspects of Vietnamese culture, as practically all Vietnamese, regardless of religious affiliation (Buddhist or Catholic) have an ancestor altar in their home or business.
In Vietnam, traditionally people did not celebrate birthdays (before Western influence), but the death anniversary of a loved one was always an important occasion. Besides an essential gathering of family members for a banquet in memory of the deceased, incense sticks are burned along with hell notes, and great platters of food are made as offerings on the ancestor altar, which usually has pictures or plaques with the names of the deceased.
These offerings and practices are done frequently during important traditional or religious celebrations, the starting of a new business, or even when a family member needs guidance or counsel and is a hallmark of the emphasis Vietnamese culture places on filial duty.
A significant distinguishing feature of Vietnamese ancestor veneration is that women have traditionally been allowed to participate and co-officiate ancestral rites, unlike in Chinese Confucian doctrine, which allows only male descendants to perform such rites.[17]
European cultures[edit]
Ancestor veneration is very prevalent throughout Europe and served as the basis of all pre-Christian religions. After Christianisation, in most Catholic countries in Europe (and Anglican England), November 1 (All Saints' Day, also known as Day of the Dead) became the day when families go to the cemeteries and light candles for their dead relatives. This is a very ancient practice, already present long before the time of the Roman Empire. In the early Church, honouring Christian relatives who had died was commonplace, and, during the post-Apostolic period when the Church was forced underground by the Roman Empire, the Eucharist was celebrated among the catacombs.[citation needed] The official day, according to the Roman Catholic Church, to commemorate the dead who have not attained beatific vision is November 2 (All Souls' Day).
Brythonic Celtic cultures[edit]
In Cornwall and Wales, the autumn ancestor festivals occur around Nov. 1. In Cornwall the festival is known as Kalan Gwav, and in Wales as Calan Gaeaf.[18] The festivals bear some similarities to the better-known Gaelic festival of Samhain, from which modern Halloween is derived.[18]
Gaelic Celtic cultures[edit]
During Samhain, November 1 in Ireland and Scotland, the dead are thought to return to the world of the living, and offerings of food and light are left for them.[19] On the festival day, ancient people would extinguish the hearth fires in their homes, participate in a community bonfire festival, and then carry a flame home from the communal fire and use it light their home fires anew.[20] This custom has continued to some extent into modern times, in both the Celtic nations and the diaspora.[21] Lights in the window to guide the dead home are left burning all night.[19] On the Isle of Man the festival is known as "old Sauin" or Hop-tu-Naa.[22]
North America[edit]
In the United States and Canada, flowers, wreaths, grave decorations and sometimes candles or even small pebbles are put on graves year-round as a way to honor the dead. In the Southern United States, many people honor deceased loved ones on Decoration Day. Times like Easter, Christmas, Candlemas, and All Souls' Day are also special days in which the relatives and friends of the deceased gather to honor them with flowers and candles. In the Catholic Church, one's local parish church often offers prayers for the dead on their death anniversary or on special days like All Souls' Day.
Many Latinos of Mexican origin celebrate Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) on or around All Saints Day (November 1), this being a mix of a native Mesoamerican celebration and an imported European holiday. Ofrendas (altars) are set up, with calaveras (sugar skulls), photographs of departed loved ones, marigold flowers, candles, and more.
In Judaism, when a grave site is visited, a small pebble is placed on the headstone. While there is no clear answer as to why, this custom of leaving pebbles may date back to biblical days when individuals were buried under piles of stones. Today, they are left as tokens that people have been there to visit and to remember.[23]
Americans of various religions and cultures may build a shrine in their home dedicated to loved ones who have died, with pictures of their ancestors, flowers and mementos. Increasingly, many roadside shrines may be seen for deceased relatives who died in car accidents or were killed on that spot, sometimes financed by the state or province as these markers serve as potent reminders to drive cautiously in hazardous areas. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. is particularly known for the leaving of offerings to the deceased; items left are collected by the National Park Service and archived. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints perform posthumous baptisms and other rituals for their dead ancestors, along with those of other families, with the permission of their descendants.
See also[edit]
1. ^ Michele Renee Salzman, "Religious koine and Religious Dissent," in A Companion to Roman Religion (Blackwell, 2007), p. 116.
2. ^ Salzman, "Religious Koine," p. 115.
3. ^ William Warde Fowler, The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (London, 1908), p. 418.
4. ^ R.G. Lewis, "Imperial Autobiography, Augustus to Hadrian," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.34.1 (1993), p. 658.
5. ^ "Ancestors as Elders in Africa," Igor Kopytoff; in Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation (Editors Roy Richard Grinker & Christopher Burghard Steiner), Blackwell Publishing, 1997. ISBN 1-55786-686-4.
6. ^ Some reflections on ancestor workship in Africa, Meyer Fortes, African Systems of Thought, pages 122-142, University of Kent.
9. ^ Bradt (2011), pp. 13–20
10. ^ Ancestor Worship and Korean Society, Roger Janelli, Dawnhee Janelli, Stanford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8047-2158-0.
12. ^ Bae, Choon Sup (August 2007). "The Challenge of Ancestor Worship in Korea" (PDF). University of Pretoria.
13. ^ Sadan, Mandy (2005). Monique Skidmore, ed. Burma at the turn of the twenty-first century. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 90–111. ISBN 978-0-8248-2897-4.
14. ^ a b Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma. Longmans. pp. 327–328.
15. ^ Spiro, Melford E. (1978). Burmese Supernaturalism. Transaction Publishers. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1-56000-882-8.
16. ^ Marti Patel, "Trance Dancing and Spirit Possession in Northern Thailand", 19 November 2010.
17. ^ Rambo, A. Terry (2005). Searching for Vietnam: selected writings on Vietnamese culture and society. Trans Pacific Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-920901-05-9.
22. ^ Moore, A.W. (ed) Manx Ballads & Music (1896) G & R Johnson, Douglas.
23. ^[dead link]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61545 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Anti-matter)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Antimatter (disambiguation).
Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and an antiproton can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as anti-atoms corresponding to the known chemical elements. As of yet, anti-atoms more complex than antihelium have neither been artificially produced nor observed in nature. Studies of cosmic rays have identified both positrons and antiprotons, presumably produced by impactful collisions between particles of matter.
There is considerable speculation as to why the observable universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter, as opposed to a more even mixture of matter and antimatter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics.[2] The process by which this inequality between particles and antiparticles developed is called baryogenesis.
Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Antimatter in the form of individual anti-particles, however, is commonly produced by particle accelerators and in some types of radioactive decay.
There are some 500 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes daily. The red dots show those the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope spotted through 2010.
History of the concept[edit]
The modern theory of antimatter began in 1928, with a paper[7] by Paul Dirac. Dirac realised that his relativistic version of the Schrödinger wave equation for electrons predicted the possibility of antielectrons. These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons (a contraction of "positive electrons"). Although Dirac did not himself use the term antimatter, its use follows on naturally enough from antielectrons, antiprotons, etc.[8] A complete periodic table of antimatter was envisaged by Charles Janet in 1929.[9]
The Feynman–Stueckelberg interpretation states that antimatter and antiparticles are regular particles traveling backward in time due to up-spin decoherence. Nonreactant antimatter falls apart, and the formation of baryonic antimatter is inhibited, as concluded by Canetti.[10]
One way to denote an antiparticle is by adding a bar over the particle's symbol. For example, the proton and antiproton are denoted as p and p, respectively. The same rule applies if one were to address a particle by its constituent components. A proton is made up of uud quarks, so an antiproton must therefore be formed from uud antiquarks. Another convention is to distinguish particles by their electric charge. Thus, the electron and positron are denoted simply as e and e+ respectively. However, to prevent confusion, the two conventions are never mixed.
Origin and asymmetry[edit]
See also: Baryogenesis
Natural production[edit]
Main article: Positron emission
Positrons can be produced by radioactive β+ decay, but this mechanism can occur both naturally and artificially.
Observation in cosmic rays[edit]
Main article: Cosmic ray
Artificial production[edit]
Main article: Positron
Positrons were reported[27] in November 2008 to have been generated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in larger numbers than by any previous synthetic process. A laser drove electrons through a millimeter-radius gold target's nuclei, which caused the incoming electrons to emit energy quanta that decayed into both matter and antimatter. Positrons were detected at a higher rate and in greater density than ever previously detected in a laboratory. Previous experiments made smaller quantities of positrons using lasers and paper-thin targets; however, new simulations showed that short, ultra-intense lasers and millimeter-thick gold are a far more effective source.[28]
Antiprotons, antineutrons, and antinuclei[edit]
Main articles: Antiproton and Antineutron
Antihydrogen atoms[edit]
Main article: Antihydrogen
In 1999, CERN activated the Antiproton Decelerator, a device capable of decelerating antiprotons from 3500 MeV to 5.3 MeV — still too "hot" to produce study-effective antihydrogen, but a huge leap forward. In late 2002 the ATHENA project announced that they had created the world's first "cold" antihydrogen.[33] The ATRAP project released similar results very shortly thereafter.[34] The antiprotons used in these experiments were cooled by decelerating them with the Antiproton Decelerator, passing them through a thin sheet of foil, and finally capturing them in a Penning–Malmberg trap.[35] The overall cooling process is workable, but highly inefficient; approximately 25 million antiprotons leave the Antiproton Decelerator and roughly 25,000 make it to the Penning–Malmberg trap, which is about 11000 or 0.1% of the original amount.
Most of the sought-after high-precision tests of the properties of antihydrogen could only be performed if the antihydrogen were trapped, that is, held in place for a relatively long time. While antihydrogen atoms are electrically neutral, the spins of their component particles produce a magnetic moment. These magnetic moments can interact with an inhomogeneous magnetic field; some of the antihydrogen atoms can be attracted to a magnetic minimum. Such a minimum can be created by a combination of mirror and multipole fields.[38] Antihydrogen can be trapped in such a magnetic minimum (minimum-B) trap; in November 2010, the ALPHA collaboration announced that they had so trapped 38 antihydrogen atoms for about a sixth of a second.[39][40] This was the first time that neutral antimatter had been trapped.
On 26 April 2011, ALPHA announced that they had trapped 309 antihydrogen atoms, some for as long as 1,000 seconds (about 17 minutes). This was longer than neutral antimatter had ever been trapped before.[41][42] ALPHA has used these trapped atoms to initiate research into the spectral properties of the antihydrogen.[43]
The biggest limiting factor in the large-scale production of antimatter is the availability of antiprotons. Recent data released by CERN states that, when fully operational, their facilities are capable of producing ten million antiprotons per minute.[44] Assuming a 100% conversion of antiprotons to antihydrogen, it would take 100 billion years to produce 1 gram or 1 mole of antihydrogen (approximately 6.02×1023 atoms of antihydrogen).
Antihelium-3 nuclei (3He) were first observed in the 1970s in proton–nucleus collision experiments at Institute for High Energy Physics by Y. Prockoshkin's group ( Protvino near Moscow, USSR)[45] and later created in nucleus–nucleus collision experiments.[46] Nucleus–nucleus collisions produce antinuclei through the coalescense of antiprotons and antineutrons created in these reactions. In 2011, the STAR detector reported the observation of artificially created antihelium-4 nuclei (anti-alpha particles) (4He) from such collisions.[47]
In 2011, CERN scientists were able to preserve antihydrogen for approximately 17 minutes.[49]
Scientists claim that antimatter is the costliest material to make.[50] In 2006, Gerald Smith estimated $250 million could produce 10 milligrams of positrons[51] (equivalent to $25 billion per gram); in 1999, NASA gave a figure of $62.5 trillion per gram of antihydrogen.[50] This is because production is difficult (only very few antiprotons are produced in reactions in particle accelerators), and because there is higher demand for other uses of particle accelerators. According to CERN, it has cost a few hundred million Swiss francs to produce about 1 billionth of a gram (the amount used so far for particle/antiparticle collisions).[52] By way of comparison the cost of the Manhattan project to produce the first atomic weapon was estimated at $23 billion at 2007 prices.[53]
Isolated and stored anti-matter could be used as a fuel for interplanetary or interstellar travel[56] as part of an antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion or other antimatter rocketry, such as the redshift rocket. Since the energy density of antimatter is higher than that of conventional fuels, an antimatter-fueled spacecraft would have a higher thrust-to-weight ratio than a conventional spacecraft.
If matter–antimatter collisions resulted only in photon emission, the entire rest mass of the particles would be converted to kinetic energy. The energy per unit mass (9×1016 J/kg) is about 10 orders of magnitude greater than chemical energies,[57] and about 3 orders of magnitude greater than the nuclear potential energy that can be liberated, today, using nuclear fission (about 200 MeV per fission reaction[58] or 8×1013 J/kg), and about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best possible results expected from fusion (about 6.3×1014 J/kg for the proton–proton chain). The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8×1017 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass–energy equivalence formula, E = mc2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT – slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomb, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated.
Not all of that energy can be utilized by any realistic propulsion technology because of the nature of the annihilation products. While electron–positron reactions result in gamma ray photons, these are difficult to direct and use for thrust. In reactions between protons and antiprotons, their energy is converted largely into relativistic neutral and charged pions. The neutral pions decay almost immediately (with a half-life of 84 attoseconds) into high-energy photons, but the charged pions decay more slowly (with a half-life of 26 nanoseconds) and can be deflected magnetically to produce thrust.
Main article: Antimatter weapon
Antimatter has been considered as a trigger mechanism for nuclear weapons.[60] A major obstacle is the difficulty of producing antimatter in large enough quantities, and there is no evidence that it will ever be feasible.[61] However, the U.S. Air Force funded studies of the physics of antimatter in the Cold War, and began considering its possible use in weapons, not just as a trigger, but as the explosive itself.[62]
See also[edit]
1. ^ Smidgen of Antimatter Surrounds Earth
2. ^ David Tenenbaum, David, One step closer: UW-Madison scientists help explain scarcity of anti-matter, University of Wisconsin—Madison News, December 26, 2012
3. ^ K. Pearson (1891). "Ether Squirts". American Journal of Mathematics 13 (4): 309–72. doi:10.2307/2369570. JSTOR 2369570.
5. ^ A. Schuster (1898). "Potential Matter.—A Holiday Dream". Nature 58 (1503): 367. Bibcode:1898Natur..58..367S. doi:10.1038/058367a0.
9. ^ P. J. Stewart (2010). "Charles Janet: Unrecognized genius of the periodic system". Foundations of Chemistry 12 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1007/s10698-008-9062-5.
11. ^ E. Sather (1999). "The Mystery of the Matter Asymmetry" (PDF). Beam Line 26 (1): 31.
13. ^ G. Weidenspointner et al. (2008). "An asymmetric distribution of positrons in the Galactic disk revealed by γ-rays". Nature 451 (7175): 159–162. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..159W. doi:10.1038/nature06490. PMID 18185581.
15. ^ "Searching for Primordial Antimatter". NASA. 30 October 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
17. ^ "Rogue Antimatter Found in Thunderclouds". Retrieved 2015-05-14.
29. ^ "All Nobel Prizes in Physics".
33. ^ M. Amoretti et al. (2002). "Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms". Nature 419 (6906): 456–9. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..456A. doi:10.1038/nature01096. PMID 12368849.
34. ^ G. Gabrielse et al. (2002). "Background-free observation of cold antihydrogen with field ionization analysis of its states". Physical Review Letters 89 (21): 213401. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..89u3401G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.213401. PMID 12443407.
35. ^ J. H. Malmberg, J. S. deGrassie (1975). "Properties of a nonneutral plasma". Physical Review Letters 35 (9): 577. Bibcode:1975PhRvL..35..577M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.577.
36. ^ G. Gabrielse et al. (1989). "Cooling and slowing of trapped antiprotons below 100 meV". Physical Review Letters 63 (13): 1360. Bibcode:1989PhRvL..63.1360G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1360.
37. ^ C. M. Surko, R. G. Greaves (2004). "Emerging science and technology of antimatter plasmas and trap-based beams". Physics of Plasmas 11 (5): 2333. Bibcode:2004PhPl...11.2333S. doi:10.1063/1.1651487.
38. ^ D. E. Pritchard; Heinz, T.; Shen, Y. (1983). "Cooling neutral atoms in a magnetic trap for precision spectroscopy". Physical Review Letters 51 (21): 1983. Bibcode:1983PhRvL..51.1983T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.1983.
39. ^ Andresen; Ashkezari, M. D.; Baquero-Ruiz, M.; Bertsche, W.; Bowe, P. D.; Butler, E.; Cesar, C. L.; Chapman, S. et al. (2010). "Trapped antihydrogen". Nature 468 (7324): 673–676. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..673A. doi:10.1038/nature09610. PMID 21085118.
40. ^ "Antimatter atoms produced and trapped at CERN". CERN. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
41. ^ ALPHA Collaboration (2011). "Confinement of antihydrogen for 1000 seconds". Nature Physics 7 (7): 558–564. arXiv:1104.4982. Bibcode:2011NatPh...7..558A. doi:10.1038/nphys2025.
42. ^ ALPHA Collaboration (2011). "Confinement of antihydrogen for 1,000 seconds". Nature Physics 7 (7). Bibcode:2011NatPh...7..558T. doi:10.1038/nphys2025.
44. ^ N. Madsen (2010). "Cold antihydrogen: a new frontier in fundamental physics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 368 (1924): 3671–82. Bibcode:2010RSPTA.368.3671M. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0026. PMID 20603376.
45. ^ Y.M. Antipov et al. (1974). "Observation of antihelium3 (in Russian)". Yad. Fiz. 12: 311.
47. ^ H. Agakishiev et al. (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". arXiv:1103.3312.
49. ^ The Economist. Antimatter of Fact. 9 June 2011
50. ^ a b "Reaching for the stars: Scientists examine using antimatter and fusion to propel future spacecraft". NASA. 12 April 1999. Retrieved 11 June 2010. Antimatter is the most expensive substance on Earth
51. ^ B. Steigerwald (14 March 2006). "New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions". NASA. Retrieved 11 June 2010. "A rough estimate to produce the 10 milligrams of positrons needed for a human Mars mission is about 250 million dollars using technology that is currently under development," said Smith.
53. ^
54. ^ J. Bickford. "Extraction of Antiparticles Concentrated in Planetary Magnetic Fields" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
55. ^ "Antiproton portable traps and medical applications" (PDF).
58. ^ M. G. Sowerby. "§4.7 Nuclear fission and fusion, and neutron interactions". Kaye & Laby: Table of Physical & Chemical Constants. National Physical Laboratory. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
59. ^ S. K. Borowski (1987). "Comparison of Fusion/Antiproton Propulsion systems" (PDF). NASA Technical Memorandum 107030. NASA. pp. 5–6 (pp. 6–7 of pdf). AIAA–87–1814. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
60. ^ Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion
61. ^ Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon.
62. ^ "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order"
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61546 | Beyond the Rocks (film)
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Beyond the Rocks
Beyond the Rocks - Paramount 1922 movieposter.jpg
Poster for the film.
Directed by Sam Wood
Produced by Jesse L. Lasky
Written by Jack Cunningham (scenario)
Based on Beyond the Rocks: A Love Story
by Elinor Glyn
Starring Rudolph Valentino
Gloria Swanson
Cinematography Alfred Gilks
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
Release dates
• May 7, 1922 (1922-05-07)
Running time
80 minutes
(2005 alternate version)
76 minutes
(DVD edition)
Country United States
Language Silent
Captain Fitzgerald (Alec B. Francis), a retired guardsman on a modest pension, has to support three daughters: Theodora (Swanson) and her older half-sisters. Theodora's sisters pin their hopes on her marrying a wealthy man.
One day, Theodora goes out on a rowboat off the coast of Dorset and falls into the water. She is rescued by Lord Hector Bracondale (Valentino). He is young, handsome and wealthy, but "not the marrying kind". Out of a sense of duty to her beloved father, she reluctantly agrees to wed the middle-aged, short, stout Josiah Brown (Robert Bolder), a former grocer's assistant who is now a multi-millionaire.
They honeymoon in the Alps. By coincidence, Bracondale stops at the same inn. Rich American widow Jane McBride (Mabel Van Buren) persuades the young bride to accompany her on a climbing excursion. Theodora slips and dangles precariously by her safety line over a cliff. Bracondale appears and climbs down to her, but they are too heavy for the others to pull up. Bracondale has them lower him and Theodora to a ledge below. While they wait for more help to arrive, Theodora tells Bracondale (who does not initially recognize her) where they last met.
They meet a third time in Paris, and finally acknowledge their love for each other. However, Theodora refuses to run away with Bracondale.
Bracondale strives to do the right thing. He asks his sister, Lady Anningford (June Elvidge), to befriend Theodora. Lady Anningford invites the Browns to her country estate. Bracondale, however, cannot stay away. He tries once again to persuade Theodora to change her mind, without success. Meanwhile, Josiah is persuaded by another guest, renowned explorer Sir Lionel Grey, to fund his dangerous expedition. Bracondale leaves, and Josiah is called away on business. Theodora writes a letter to each; to Bracondale, she declares her love, but stresses once more that it cannot be fulfilled. Morella Winmarleigh (Gertrude Astor), who desires Bracondale for herself, secretly opens the letters and, after perusing them, switches them.
After Bracondale reads the message meant for Josiah, he rushes to stop Josiah from reading his, but is too late. Josiah accuses Bracondale of stealing his wife, but the nobleman denies that Theodora has been unfaithful.
After further consideration, Josiah decides to put his wife's happiness ahead of his own and joins Grey's expedition to Northern Africa. His death makes it possible for the young lovers to be together.
Theodora Fitzgerald (Swanson) looks into the eyes of Lord Hector Bracondale (Valentino) who returns her handkerchief in Beyond the Rocks
Differences from the book[edit]
While the book mostly takes place at dinner parties, picnics and balls, the film version changes many of the events to take place during perilous outdoor sports. Relatedly, the book's Bracondale never saves Theodora's life, as there is no particular danger for her to get into. Josiah in the book is chronically ill and dies after a long period of health problems; in the film he dies relatively quickly in a hunting accident. The film also has added historical sequences, inspired by Cecil B. DeMille's work.[2]
Valentino and Glyn
Preservation status[edit]
Beyond the Rocks was considered a lost film, save for a one minute portion,[3] for the better part of the twentieth century until a print was found in the Netherlands in 2003. The film was restored by the Nederlands Filmmuseum and the Haghefilm Conservation. It turned up among about two thousand rusty film canisters donated by an eccentric Dutch collector, Joop van Liempd of Haarlem. It was given its first modern screening in 2005.[4]
The restored version was released on DVD in 2006.[5]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: Beyond the Rocks". Silent Era. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
2. ^
3. ^ Carrell, Severin (2004-04-18). "Lost Swanson and Valentino classic is found". The Independent On Sunday. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
4. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: Beyond the Rocks (1922) Recovered". Silent Era. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61547 | Category:Guardian Children's Fiction Prize winners
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These writers have won the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a once-in-a-lifetime award recognising a fiction book for children or young adults, published in the United Kingdom (for many years restricted to British and Commonwealth authors).
For articles on winning books see Category: Guardian Children's Fiction Prize-winning works.
The Prize was inaugurated for the 1966 publication year and there have been 47 Prizes, winning authors, and winning works in 45 award cycles through 2010/2011. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61548 | Category B services
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Category B Services)
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A Category B service (formerly Category 2 prior to September 1, 2011)[2] is a Canadian specialty television channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried, optionally, by all digital cable television and direct broadcast satellite providers.
Unlike Category A services, Category B services are not protected as to format. They are licensed to broadcast within defined formats which are not provided by or overly close to an existing protected channel, but their formats are not protected themselves and need not protect other Category B services. Also unlike Category A services, a Category B service does not have guaranteed cable carriage rights, but must directly negotiate carriage with cable distributors. Category B services encompass both pay television and specialty channels.
In December 2012, the CRTC exempted from formal licensing services with less than 200,000 subscribers that would otherwise meet the definition of a Category B service, or for services which air 90% of their programming in a language other than English, French, or languages of aboriginal peoples.[3]
Henceforth, most Canadian specialty channels (except for national news & mainstream sports channels, which are classified as Category C services) will be licensed as Category B services.[4]
The following is a list of currently launched and officially licensed Category B services in Canada:
Category B specialty services[edit]
Category B pay services[edit]
Exempted Category B services[5][edit]
Defunct Category B services[edit]
1. ^
2. ^ "Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2008-100: Regulatory frameworks for broadcasting distribution undertakings and discretionary programming services". CRTC. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
3. ^ "Broadcasting Order CRTC 2012-689: New exemption order respecting certain programming undertakings that would otherwise be eligible to be operated as Category B services, and amendments to the Exemption order respecting certain third-language television undertakings". CRTC. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
4. ^
5. ^
See also[edit]
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61549 | Cathy Sulinski
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Catherine ("Cathy") Ann Sulinski (born April 3, 1958 in San Francisco, California) is a retired female javelin thrower from the United States. She competed for her native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics, finishing in tenth place (58.38 metres) in the final.
Year Competition Venue Position Notes
Representing the United States
1979 Pan American Games San Juan, Puerto Rico 3rd 55.82 m
1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States 10th 58.38 m |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61551 | Egg shaker
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(Redirected from Chicken shake)
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An egg shaker is a hand percussion instrument, in the idiophone category, that makes a noise when shaken. Functionally it is similar to a maraca. Typically the outer casing or container is ovoidal or egg-shaped. It is partially full of small, loose objects, such as seeds or beads, which create the percussive sounds as they collide, both with each other and with the inside surface of the container. The egg shaker is a Latin-American instrument, cheap to buy and relatively simple to play.
Playing styles[edit]
The egg shaker can be played in a number of ways. It can be shaken up and down to create a fast percussion line or from side to side creating a slightly different sound. It is used alongside other instruments like maracas, but also in samba groups and mariachi bands using instruments such as the drumkit, piano, saxophone, bass guitar, violin, the vihuela, guitarrón, trumpet, occasionally acoustic guitar or electric guitar, and the voice.
The egg shaker is created with a plastic mould, the main shape created in two halves. One half is filled with metal beads or seeds and then both halves are fitted together. Another sound can be made by holding the shaker in the palm of the hand tightly, then opening it whilst shaking it up and down. This makes a whirling sound not possible with other percussion instruments.
Egg shakers are available in a number of colours, and are sold in most music shops at a reasonably low price, due to the use of inexpensive materials like plastic and seeds. They are often sold in packets alongside other similar percussion instruments such as maracas, tambourines, finger cymbals etc. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61552 | Cosmopterix hermippe
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Cosmopterix hermippe
Cosmopterix hermippe.JPG
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Cosmopterigidae
Genus: Cosmopterix
Species: C. hermippe
Binomial name
Cosmopterix hermippe
Koster, 2010
Cosmopterix hermippe is a moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is known from Brazil (Distrito Federal).
Adults have been recorded in March.
See glossary for terms used
Female. Forewing length 4.0 mm. Head: frons shining ochreous-grey with greenish and reddish and reflections, vertex and neck tufts dark bronze brown with reddish gloss, collar dark bronze brown; labial palpus first segment very short, ochreous-grey, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, dark brown with white longitudinal lines laterally and ventrally, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with a white anterior line, ventrally shining white, antenna shining dark brown with a white line from base to beyond one-half, interrupted in middle, followed towards apex by five dark brown segments, six white, two dark brown, two white, ten dark brown and eight white segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae shining dark bronze brown with reddish gloss. Legs: dark brown with reddish gloss, femora of midleg and hindleg shining ochreous-grey, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one and two, segment four with white apical spot, segment five entirely white, tibia of midleg with white oblique basal and medial lines and a white apical ring, tarsal segments one, two and four with white apical rings, segment five entirely white, tibia of hindleg with a white oblique medial line and a white apical ring, tarsal segment one with a white basal spot and an ochreous apical ring, segments two and three with ochreous apical rings, segment four dorsally and segment five entirely ochreous-white, spurs white, ventrally greyish brown. Forewing dark bronze brown with reddish gloss, three white lines in the basal area, a subcostal from base to one-quarter, slightly bending from costa in distal half, a short medial above fold, ending just beyond the subcostal, a subdorsal below fold, about as long as the medial, but slightly further from base, some indistinct white edging on dorsum beyond base, and sometimes an indistinct and very narrow short costal just before the transverse fascia, but not connected with it, a broad yellow transverse fascia beyond the middle with a very small and narrow apical protrusion, bordered at inner edge by two pale golden metallic tubercular subcostal and subdorsal spots the subcostal spot outwardly edged by a small patch of blackish brown scales, the subdorsal spot slightly further from base and a little larger than the costal, bordered at the outer edge by two similarly coloured costal and dorsal spots, the dorsal spot three times as large as the costal and more towards base, both spots inwardly partly lined dark brown, a white costal streak from outer costal spot, a narrow apical line from or just beyond the apical protrusion, slightly widening towards apex, cilia dark brown around apex, paler towards dorsum. Hindwing shining dark greyish brown. Underside: forewing shining greyish brown, the white streak in the apical cilia distinctly visible, hindwing shining greyish brown. Abdomen dorsally greyish brown, mixed orange, segments banded greyish brown posteriorly, laterally greyish brown, ventrally shining dark grey, segments banded shining white posteriorly, anal tuft brownish grey.[1]
The species is named after Hermippe, a moon of Jupiter. To be treated as a noun in apposition.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61554 | Denis Leamy
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Denis Leamy
Leamy playing for Munster.
Full name Denis Patrick Leamy
Date of birth (1981-11-27) 27 November 1981 (age 33)
Place of birth Cashel, County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland
Height 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)
Weight 108 kg
School Rockwell College
University Setanta College
Rugby union career
Playing career
Position Back-Row
Amateur clubs
Years Club / team
Professional / senior clubs
Years Club / team Caps (points)
2002–12 Munster 145 (150)
correct as of 19 Dec 2011.
National team(s)
Years Club / team Caps (points)
2004–11 Ireland 57 (10)
correct as of 9 Oct 2011.
Denis Patrick Leamy (born 27 November 1981 in Cashel, County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland) is a former Irish professional rugby union player. He was a back row forward who could play either Flanker or at Number 8,[1] and occasionally played at inside centre.[2][3] He ended his club rugby career for Munster in the Pro 12 and Heineken Cup, and internationally for Ireland. He officially announced his retirement in May 2012 due to a long standing hip injury.
Schools career[edit]
Leamy's first sport was hurling[4] and he initially dreamed of following in the footsteps of his heroes Nicky English or Pat Fox. He played for his local GAA side, Boherlahan-Dualla, where his early physical strength was noted. His initial introduction to rugby was somewhat accidental, and occurred when he accompanied his two brothers, Ed and Kev, along to a trial game with his local rugby club, Cashel RFC. He harboured some initial reservations, but despite that he joined in the game and kept going back to play at the club.[5]
A neighbour and family friend recommended that he change schools to join Rockwell College, a school heavily focused on rugby. Leamy gave up on hurling when he was 18, concentrating instead on rugby and a possible professional career.
Leamy enrolled in Rockwell College when he was 15. In his first year there, he was heavily involved in their successful march on the Munster Schools Junior Cup in 1997. He played for Rockwell Senior Cup Team for three years, the first of which he played at inside centre, before switching back to his more favoured backrow position of number 8.[6] During this time, he was called to Clongowes for trials for the Ireland Schools team and ended up playing a key role in the Irish Schools' tour of Australia in 2000 when they won all eight games.[7]
Under 21 international honours[edit]
Leamy acquired a reputation after an incident with a player from Old Belvedere. A second incident resulted in a citation and a suspension, and it was due to this citing that Leamy missed an U21 game against Wales.[8] Leamy captained the side in their final match against France. Leamy moved on from his international schools career to be picked for the Ireland U21 team, where he was capped.[9] He was involved in another incident, again being cited, and this citation meant that Leamy was banned from attending the U21 World Cup. Leamy's temper was given further ammunition during the same season when he was playing for UCC in Division 2 of the AIL. Leamy was cited and punished for an incident in a game against Terenure College RFC, before returning that year.[7]
Provincial honours[edit]
After finishing school in Rockwell, Leamy went to CIT to study Leisure Management, and started to play for UCC in the second division of the AIL. Declan Kidney brought him into the Munster setup on a development contract[10] and he was awarded his first Munster cap at the age of 19.[4] In the 2003/2004 season, Leamy moved from a development contract to a full-time contract.[11]
The highlights of Leamy's career with Munster is undoubtedly winning the Heineken Cup twice, first in 2006 and then again in 2008, scoring a try in the final. He was also the province's top try scorer in the 2006/2007 season with 7 tries.[12] He captained Munster for part of the 2010–11 season in the absence of Paul O'Connell.
Senior international honours[edit]
Leamy was selected in the Ireland Squad in November 2004. He played against the US Eagles, and played at Number 8 for Ireland for the first time in a 7–45 drubbing by New Zealand. In the following year, Leamy made his Six Nations debut against Italy, this time in the number 7 jersey.
As Leamy was not selected for the 2009 British and Irish Lions tour of South Africa, he played in Ireland's 2009 Summer Tests. He played against Australia and Fiji in the 2009 November Tests before injury ruled him out of the remaining match against South Africa. He missed the 2010 Six Nations and Summer Tests through injury, but returned to play against Samoa, New Zealand and Argentina in the 2010 November Tests. He played in four of Ireland's 2011 Six Nations games, and won his 50th cap for Ireland when he came on as a replacement against England in March 2011. Leamy was selected in Ireland's training squad for the 2011 World Cup warm-ups in August, and was also selected in the final 30-man squad to travel to New Zealand.
A hip injury ruled Leamy out of action for four months in January 2012,[13] meaning he missed selection for the 2012 Six Nations Championship.[14]
Leamy announced his retirement from rugby on 22 May 2012, due to a hip injury suffered during the 2011–12 season.[15]
Speaking at the announcement, Leamy said: "I find it hard to put into words how much it has meant to me to play for Munster and Ireland. It was a dream come true and I was very lucky to play with some of the greatest players ever to wear the jerseys and feel blessed that I was part of winning teams. I've had a great career, wish it had gone on a little longer but I'd like to thank all the coaches, players, medical staff and management who have helped me over the past decade. It's been a great honour to be involved with such an outstanding group of people."[16]
Personal life[edit]
Leamy married Gráinne Brosnahan, his partner of three years, in September 2013.[20]
1. ^ "Leamy Player Profile". Munster Rugby.
2. ^ "Leamy Plays Centre Role For Munster". Munster Rugby.
3. ^ "Leamy in the Centre For Munster". Munster Rugby.
4. ^ a b "Interview with Denis Leamy". Irish Examiner.
5. ^ Hogan, Vincent (29 March 2008). "Premier Class". Irish Independent.
6. ^ "Leamy selected for Ireland XV". Rockwell Union.
7. ^ a b "Bumps, bruises and burning desire". Irish Independent. 14 May 2006.
8. ^ "Matt McCullough Lead Irish Under 21s". IRFU.
9. ^ "U21 International – Last Gasp Penalty Wins It For France". IRFU.
10. ^ "2002/03 Munster Team". Munster Rugby.
11. ^ "Munster Announce 31 Man Squad for 2003/04". Munster rugby.
12. ^ "Munster Rugby Squad Profiles 2006/07 Squad Stats". Munster Rugby.
13. ^ "Ronan Hopeful of Inclusion". 8 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
14. ^ "Ireland And O2 Ireland Wolfhounds Squads Announced". 18 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
15. ^ "Hip Injury Forces Leamy To Retire". 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
16. ^ "Munster blow as Leamy set to retire". Irish Examiner. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
17. ^ "Denis Leamy Announces Retirement". 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
18. ^ "Munster's Denis Leamy forced into early retirement by injury". Irish Independent. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
19. ^ "Ireland and Munster forward Denis Leamy quits game". BBC Sport. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
20. ^ "Leamy swaps green and red jersey for wedding suit". 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61555 | Dulwich Wood
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Dulwich Wood
Battersea Power Station seen from Dulwich Wood in the early spring.jpg
A view from Dulwich Wood in the early spring, with Battersea Power Station in the distance.
Type Woodland
Location Dulwich
Coordinates 51°26′07″N 0°04′27″W / 51.435149°N 0.074028°W / 51.435149; -0.074028
Operated by Dulwich Estate
Public transit access Sydenham Hill railway station
Dulwich Wood together with the adjacent Sydenham Hill Wood is the largest extant part[1] of the ancient Great North Wood in the London Borough of Southwark.[2] The two woods were separated after the relocation of The Crystal Palace in 1854 and the creation of the high level line in 1865.[3] The wood is privately owned[4] and managed by the Dulwich Estate.[3]
In the Middle Ages the Manor of Dulwich belonged to Bermondsey Abbey, having been given to the abbey in 1127 by King Henry I.[5] When Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries in 1542 he had the Dulwich Estate surveyed.
The Court of King Charles I paid frequent visits to Dulwich and its woods to hunt deer.[6]
By 1605 Edward Alleyn was a wealthy man and for £5,000 (a large amount in those days), was able to buy the Manor of Dulwich from the Calton family, who had owned it since the dissolution of the monasteries. Alleyn managed the woods in a business-like way, dividing them into ten coppices, one coppice to be felled each year when the trees were ten years old. Peckarman's Wood, now a housing estate, was one of these coppices.[5]
In 1738 a man named Samuel Bentyman was murdered in Dulwich Wood.[6] In 1803 Samuel Matthews, known as the Dulwich Hermit, met with a similar fate.[6][7] The grave of Samuel Matthews is in Dulwich Old Cemetery in the heart of Dulwich Village.[8]
The wood can be reached from Sydenham Hill railway station. From the station turn right a short distance along College Road, past St Stephen's church, then through the white gate on the opposite side of the road into Low Cross Wood Lane and on the left just ahead is a gate to Dulwich Wood. There is also an entrance by the footbridge on Cox's Walk, off the Dulwich Common road.
1. ^ The Great North Wood — A brief history of ancient woodlands from Selhurst to Deptford by LSC Neville, London Wildlife Trust, 1987
2. ^ London Wildlife Trust about Sydenham Hill Wood & Cox's Walk
3. ^ a b Based on post by local historian Steve Grindlay to Sydenham Town Forum Topic: Old Sydenham Hill
4. ^ london-footprints.co.uk
5. ^ a b The Story of Dulwich by Mary Boast, 1990, London Borough of Southwark
6. ^ a b c Peckham and Dulwich, Old and New London: Volume 6 (1878), pp. 286-303.
7. ^ Brighton & Hove Museum's Rogues' Gallery
8. ^ Historic sites in Southwark given English Heritage funding
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 51°26′06″N 0°04′26″W / 51.4351°N 0.0740°W / 51.4351; -0.0740 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61558 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Course of EONIA 1999 - 2009
Eonia (Euro OverNight Index Average) is an effective overnight interest rate computed as a weighted average of all overnight unsecured lending transactions in the interbank market in euros. It has been initiated within the euro area by the contributing panel banks. It is one of the two benchmarks for the money and capital markets in the euro zone (the other one being Euribor).
Eonia reference rates are calculated by the European Central Bank, based on all overnight interbank assets created before the close of RTGS systems at 6pm CET, and published through GRSS (Global Rate Set Systems) every day before 7pm CET.[1] It can be found under the ISIN identifier EU0009659945.
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Overnight Indexed Swaps" (PDF). Credit Swiss. 2001-12-11. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-07-16. [dead link]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61559 | Foreign Relations Series
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A volume in the series
The Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) is a book series published by the Office of the Historian in the United States Department of State. The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity. The series, which is produced by the State Department's Office of the Historian, began in 1861 and now comprises more than 450 individual volumes. The volumes published over the last two decades increasingly contain declassified records from all the foreign affairs agencies.
Volumes in the series since 1952 are organized chronologically according to Presidential administrations, and geographically and topically within each subseries: 25 volumes cover the Kennedy administration (1961–63), 34 cover the Johnson administration (1964–68), and about 54 are scheduled for the Nixon and Ford administrations (1969–76). Volumes on the Carter administration are now being published and volumes on the Reagan administration are now being researched and annotated.
Prior to 1970, the series was published under various names. From 1870 to 1947, the uniform title Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States was used. From 1947 to 1969, the name was changed to Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers. After that date, the current name was adopted.
It has had numerous subseries, appendices, microfiche supplements, etc. over the years as warranted. Indexes were issued covering the years 1861–99 and 1900–18.
The Office of the Historian offers ebook editions of a growing number of volumes from the Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series. Far lighter and more portable than printed editions of FRUS, the ebook edition offers the full content of each volume and makes use of the full-text search and other reading features of most ebook devices and applications, including bookmarking and note-taking. Unlike the web-based edition of FRUS, the ebook edition, once downloaded, can be accessed even without internet connectivity.[2]
Citation information[edit]
The Foreign Relations of the United States is commonly abbreviated as FRUS in citations and the volume number written as a Roman numeral. The series is categorized by year and region, such as 1936, Volume II, Europe.
In a 2013 report on the status of the Foreign Relations series, Richard Immerman, Chairman of the Office of the Historian's Historical Advisory Council, stated that "Because the Foreign Relations series serves as the primary venue for publishing documentation on the role of intelligence activities in U.S. foreign relations, it has become renowned internationally for its openness. This universal acclaim well serves America’s national interest," but added, "This barometer of openness, however, has created substantial delays in the declassification and publication processes over which HO has limited control."[3] To that end, N. Richard Kinsman has cited "serious, cumulative, and long-term deleterious effects on the Agency as a result of specific citations by name to CIA in the FRUS" and that "Explicit FRUS citations of CIA activities in specific countries constitute de facto admission of a CIA presence abroad, a direct contradiction of current policy to deny an official CIA presence abroad."[4] Warren F. Kimball in rebuttal cited the unlikelihood of documents 30+ years old after being properly vetted prior to publication posing any risk.[5]
Because of concerns regarding declassification, the series has been criticised in the past for failing to document controversial US foreign policies in the negative light warranted.[6]
1. ^ "Office of the Historian". Retrieved 20 November 2013.
2. ^ "Historical Documents » E-Books". Retrieved 20 November 2013.
3. ^ [1]
4. ^ Openness and the Future of the Clandestine ServiceStudies in Intelligence Winter-Spring 2001
5. ^ Openness and the CIAStudies in Intelligence Winter-Spring 2001
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61562 | Grand Champ
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Grand Champ
Studio album by DMX
Released September 16, 2003
Recorded 2002-2003
Genre Hardcore hip hop, East Coast hip hop
Length 74:40
Label Ruff Ryders, Def Jam
Producer DMX, Tony Pizarro, Darrin Dean, Joaquin Dean, Salam Wreck, Kanye West, No I.D., Tuneheadz, Rockwilder, Ron Browz, Swizz Beatz, Dame Grease, PK
DMX chronology
The Great Depression
Grand Champ
Year of the Dog… Again
Singles from Grand Champ
1. "Get It on the Floor"
Released: 2003
2. "Where the Hood At?"
Released: 2003
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source Rating
Metacritic (58/100)[1]
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 3.5/5 stars[2]
Blender 3/5 stars[3]
E! Online C+[1]
Entertainment Weekly C−[4]
Playlouder 2/5 stars[5]
PopMatters 4/10 stars[1][6]
RapReviews (7/10)[7]
Rolling Stone 3/5 stars[8]
Vibe 3.5/5 stars[9]
USA Today 3/4 stars[10]
Grand Champ is the fifth album by American rapper DMX, released in 2003. Grand Champ features the popular singles "Where the Hood At?" and "Get It On The Floor". The album sold 312,000 in its first week and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200.
Track listing[edit]
# Title Producer(s) Featured guest(s) Length
1 "Dog Intro" Darold "Pop" Trotter Bashir Fadai 3:32
2 "My Life" Dart La Chinky 3:09
3 "Where the Hood At?" Tuneheadz 4:46
4 "Dogs Out" Kanye West 4:03
5 "Get It on the Floor" Swizz Beatz Swizz Beatz 4:22
6 "Come Prepared" (Skit) Jay "Icepick" Jackson, Joaquin "Waah" Dean 0:35
7 "Shot Down" Salam "Wreck" Nassar 50 Cent & Styles P 3:42
8 "Bring the Noize" Tuneheadz 3:30
9 "Untouchable" Tony Pizarro Syleena Johnson, Cross, Infa-Red, Sheek Louch & Drag-On 6:05
10 "Fuck Y'all" Ron Browz 3:43
11 "Ruff Radio" (Skit) Jay "Icepick" Jackson, Joaquin "Waah" Dean 0:43
12 "We're Back" Tuneheadz Eve & Jadakiss 4:25
13 "Ruff Radio 2" (Skit) Jay "Icepick" Jackson, Joaquin "Waah" Dean 0:18
14 "Rob All Night (If I'm Gonna Rob)" Rockwilder 3:27
15 "We Go Hard" No I.D. Cam'ron 3:36
16 "We 'Bout to Blow" Dame Grease Big Stan 3:31
17 "The Rain" DJ Scratch 3:27
18 "Gotta Go" (Skit) Jay "Icepick" Jackson, Joaquin "Waah" Dean 1:07
19 "Don't Gotta Go Home" (Mix) Antoine "Bam" Macon, Ryan Bowser, Mr. Devine, Victor Flowers Monica 4:17
20 "A'Yo Kato" Swizz Beatz Magic & Val 3:46
21 "Thank You" DMX, Nemo, Ron H, Reggie Flowers, Gerald Flowers, Victor Flowers, Kevin McCord Patti LaBelle 3:01
22 "Prayer V" DMX 1:47
23 "On Top" Mac G Big Stan 3:34
24 "X Gon' Give It to Ya" (International Bonus Track) Shatek 3:38
• "Where The Hood At" contains a sample of "I'll Play the Blues for You" as performed by Albert King
• "We Go Hard" contains a sample of "Didn't I Fool You" as performed by Ruby Andrews
• "The Rain" contains a sample of "Will She Meet The Train In The Rain" as performed by Greg Perry
• "Thank You" contains a sample of "I Want To Thank You" as performed by Alicia Myers
• "Dog's Out" contains a sample of "Dedicated to the One I Love" as performed by Stacy Lattisaw
Chart (2003) Peak
Austrian Albums Chart [11] 32
Canada Albums Chart 2
Irish Albums Chart 8
German Albums Chart [11] 6
Netherlands Albums Chart 28
New Zealand Albums Chart [11] 7
Swiss Albums Chart [11] 10
UK Albums Chart 6
U.S. Billboard 200 1
U.S. Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums 1
1. ^ a b c Critic reviews at Metacritic
2. ^ Allmusic review
3. ^ Blender review[dead link]
4. ^ Fiore, Raymond (2003-10-03). "Grand Champ Review". Entertainment Weekly: 73. Retrieved 2012-12-31.
5. ^ Playlouder review at the Wayback Machine (archived September 20, 2003)
6. ^ PopMatters review
7. ^ RapReviews review
8. ^ Rolling Stone review at the Wayback Machine (archived December 1, 2008)
9. ^ Vibe review
10. ^ USA Today review
11. ^ a b c d "Album performance". AustrianCharts. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
Preceded by
Heavier Things by John Mayer
Billboard 200 number-one album
September 28, 2003 - October 4, 2003
Succeeded by
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below by OutKast
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61563 | Hamavayan Ensemble
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hamāvāyān Ensemble (Persian: همآوایان) is a renowned Persian music group.
Hamāvāyān Ensemble
Origin Iran
Genres Persian music
Members Hossein Alizadeh (tar)
Afsaneh Rasaei (vocal)
Majid Khaladj (tombak)
Ali Boustan (setar)
Pouria Akhavass (vocal)
Nima Alizadeh (robab)
Saba Alizadeh, (Kamancheh)
Led by Iranian master instrumentalist and composer Hossein Alizadeh, the Hamavayan Ensemble performs new interpretations of classical Persian music.[1] The ensemble features male and female vocalists, tar and setar (ancient plucked lutes from Persia), and percussion.
Maestro Alizadeh's most recent recording, Endless Vision, featuring the Hamavayan Ensemble with the Armenian master duduk player Djivan Gasparyan, was nominated for a Grammy.
See also[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61564 | Hawaiian Vacation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hawaiian Vacation
Hawaiian Vacation poster.jpg
Directed by Gary Rydstrom
Produced by Galyn Susman
Screenplay by Erik Benson
Jason Katz
Gary Rydstrom
Story by Erik Benson
Christian Roman
Starring Tom Hanks
Tim Allen
Joan Cusack
Don Rickles
Estelle Harris
Wallace Shawn
John Ratzenberger
Blake Clark
Jeff Pidgeon
Jodi Benson
Michael Keaton
Timothy Dalton
Jeff Garlin
Kristen Schaal
Bonnie Hunt
Bud Luckey
Music by Mark Mothersbaugh
Edited by Axel Geddes
Distributed by Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
• June 24, 2011 (2011-06-24) (with Cars 2)
Running time
5 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Toy Story Toons: Hawaiian Vacation is a 2011 Pixar computer animated short film directed by Gary Rydstrom. It is the first short in the Toy Story Toons series. The short features characters from the Toy Story films and takes place after the events of Toy Story 3. It was first screened in theaters ahead of Pixar's feature film Cars 2,[1][2][3] and was included on the film's media release.[4]
Months after Toy Story 3, it is winter break for Bonnie, who is going on vacation to Hawaii with her family. The toys are excited to have a week of relaxation, but Barbie and Ken reveal themselves to have stowed away in Bonnie's backpack, hoping to join her in Hawaii. Bonnie leaves them in her room, however, much to Ken's horror and disappointment when he realizes they are not going to Hawaii. Barbie reveals to Woody that Ken planned to have their first kiss on a beach at sunset (based on a travel brochure), inspiring Woody, Buzz, and the rest of Bonnie's toys to go all out and recreate Hawaii for the two. After various adventures in "Hawaii", Ken and Barbie share their first kiss in the snow at sunrise, recreating the scene from the brochure. However, the two step off the edge of the porch without realizing it and end up buried in snow; a post-credits scene shows the other toys trying to free them from a block of ice in which they are now frozen.
Voice cast[edit]
The film was first announced by Lee Unkrich who said, "We have announced we're going to do a short film in front of Cars 2 that uses the Toy Story characters. We're going to keep them alive; they're not going away forever."[1][5] The short film's title and plot were later revealed on February 17, 2011.[3]
Charlie McCollum of Mercury News called it a "delightful snippit of life" that is "crisp, funny and sweet".[6]
Home media[edit]
As of July 2012, Hawaiian Vacation is available as a digital download on Amazon Instant Video[7] and iTunes Store.[8] The short was released on November 13, 2012, on the DVD and Blu-ray Disc of Pixar Short Films Collection Volume 2.[9] The short film will be released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 19, 2014, with Toy Story of Terror! and two other Toy Story Toons.[10]
1. ^ a b Rocchi, James. "Closing Up the Toy Box?". MSN Movies. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
2. ^ Breznican, Anthony (June 15, 2011). "'Toy Story: Hawaiian Vacation' clip reveals return of the toybox gang – EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
3. ^ a b "The 'Toy Story' Gang to Ride Again". The New York Times. February 17, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
4. ^ Weiner, David (August 18, 2011). "ET Exclusive: 'Air Mater' Takes Flight". ET Online. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
5. ^ Sciretta, Peter (June 18, 2010). "Another Toy Story Film in June 2011?". /Film. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
6. ^ McCollum, Charlie (June 23, 2011). "Review: 'Toy Story: Hawaiian Vacation'". Mercury News. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
7. ^ "Hawaiian Vacation (Short)". Amazon. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
8. ^ "Hawaiian Vacation". iTunes. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
10. ^ "Toy Story of Terror! Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. May 16, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
External links[edit]
Preceded by
Day & Night
Pixar Animation Studios short films
Succeeded by
Small Fry |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61565 | Heidelberg, Western Cape
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Heidelberg is located in South Africa
Heidelberg shown within South Africa
Coordinates: 34°05′S 20°57′E / 34.083°S 20.950°E / -34.083; 20.950Coordinates: 34°05′S 20°57′E / 34.083°S 20.950°E / -34.083; 20.950
Country South Africa
Province Western Cape
District Eden
Municipality Hessequa
Established 1855
• Total 23.69 km2 (9.15 sq mi)
Elevation 1,550 m (5,090 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
• Total 8,259
• Density 350/km2 (900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[1]
• Black African 9.3%
• Coloured 75.3%
• Indian/Asian 0.4%
• White 14.4%
• Other 0.6%
First languages (2011)[1]
• Afrikaans 91.9%
• English 3.4%
• Xhosa 2.9%
• Other 1.8%
Postal code (street) 6665
PO box 6665
Area code 028
Heidelberg is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is located near South Africa's south coast, on the N2 highway, 274 km east of Cape Town (about half way between Cape Town and Knysna). Heidelberg is just east of the Overberg region, and some consider it the beginning of the Garden Route. Heidelberg is part of the Hessequa Local Municipality. Fourie House on Fourie Street is the oldest house in Heidelberg.
In 1716, Louis Fourie obtained grazing rights from Governor Van der Stel and he settled alongside the Duivenhoks River.[citation needed] This is where he later constructed the Doornboom Homestead - registered in 1728 - and the Doornboom Farm was established.
The area was initially part of the greater Riversdale district until the Riversdale Dutch Reformed church council in 1855 bought a portion of the farm Doornboom on which to lay out the town when a new Dutch Reformed congregation was created for the farmers between Swellendam and Riversdale.
The town grew around the church and it was named in honour of the German town, Heidelberg, because of the Heidelberg catechism that was practiced in the church.
In 1903 Heidelberg became part of the railway network and became an important transport link for the wool, wheat, fruit, and tobacco industries of the area. The river, the Duivenhoks (Dovecote), was named by an explorer, Isaq Schrijver, who observed a lot of doves where the river flows into the Indian Ocean, at a place called Puntjie.
1. ^ a b c d "Main Place Heidelberg". Census 2011.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61566 | Hercules Inlet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hercules Inlet is a large, narrow, ice-filled inlet which forms a part of the southwestern margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf. It is bounded on the west by the southeastern flank of the Heritage Range, and on the north by Skytrain Ice Rise. The inlet was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the LC-130 Hercules aircraft used by the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, as a photographic and load carrying plane.[1]
Hercules Inlet is one of the common starting points for long distance expeditions to the South Pole,[2] taking anywhere from 25 to 81 days.[3]
The first expedition from Hercules Inlet to the South Pole took place in 1998, led by Martyn Williams. This 50 day expedition opened up the doorway for South Pole overland journeys, and has become the classic route for most expeditions. [4]
The slopes south of the inlet area are covered in crevasse fields, making travel through them treacherous without prior knowledge of their whereabouts. The Wilson Nunataks can be seen from the inlet as well.
On November 1, 2012 at 1600 UTM, the wind was 35 knots and the air temperature was -20º Celsius.
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document "Hercules Inlet" (content from the Geographic Names Information System). Coordinates: 80°5′S 78°30′W / 80.083°S 78.500°W / -80.083; -78.500 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61567 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hostage-taking)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Hostage (disambiguation).
Historical hostage practices[edit]
This caused the element gīsl = "hostage" in many old Germanic personal names, and thus in placenames derived from personal names, for example Isleworth in west London (UK) from Anglo-Saxon Gīslheres wyrð (= "enclosure belonging to [a man called] Gīslhere").
The practice of taking hostages is very ancient, and has been used constantly in negotiations with conquered nations, and in cases such as surrenders, armistices and the like, where the two belligerents depended for its proper carrying out on each other's good faith. The Romans were accustomed to take the sons of tributary princes and educate them at Rome, thus holding a security for the continued loyalty of the conquered nation and also instilling a possible future ruler with ideas of Roman civilization. The practice was also commonplace in the Imperial Chinese tributary system, especially between the Han and Tang dynasties.
"Hostages", 1896 painting by Jean-Paul Laurens, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon.
The practice of taking hostages as security for the carrying out of a treaty between civilized states is now obsolete. The last occasion was at the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), ending the War of the Austrian Succession, when two British peers, Henry Bowes Howard, 11th Earl of Suffolk, and Charles, 9th Baron Cathcart, were sent to France as hostages for the restitution of Cape Breton to France.
German announcement of the execution of 100 Polish hostages as revenge for death of 2 Germans in Warsaw, occupied Poland, February 1944
A British armoured railway wagon behind a railcar on which two Arab hostages are seated, 1936.
Belgian soldier lying in front of dead hostages, November 1964 in Stanleyville, Congo. Belgian paratroopers freed over 1,800 European hostages held by Congolese rebels.
Article 50 of the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare provides that: "No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, can be inflicted on the population on account of the acts of individuals for which it cannot be regarded as collectively responsible." The regulations, however do not allude to the practice of taking hostage.
Illegal hostage taking[edit]
Common Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions states that the taking of hostages during an internal conflict is a war crime and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever. In international conflicts, Articles 34 and 147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention states that using civilians as hostages is a grave breach of the Convention. These conventions are supplemented by Article 75(2)(c) of Additional Protocol I in international conflicts and Article 4(2)(c) of Additional Protocol II in internal conflicts.[2]
The International Convention against the Taking of Hostages—which prohibits hostage taking and mandates the punishment of hostage takers—was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. The treaty came into force in 1983 and has been ratified by all but 24 of the member states of the United Nations.
Hostage taking in the United States[edit]
Hostage Taking Act[edit]
18 USC 1203: Hostage Taking Act[edit]
Title 18 of the United States Code criminalizes hostage-taking under "18 USC 1203: Hostage Taking Act", which reads:
Other use[edit]
Dutch law[edit]
In Dutch law the state can take people 'hostage' (gijzeling in Dutch) to force people to appear in court or (in civil cases) if the person refuses to pay his or her debts. In the latter case, the person in question is imprisoned one day for each €50 that are owed without cancellation of the debt.[8]
Notable hostages[edit]
Recent times[edit]
See also[edit]
2. ^ "Practice Relating to Rule 96. Hostage-Taking". International Committee of the Red Cross.
5. ^ Cornell University
6. ^ Cornell University
8. ^ Gijzeling in Dutch Law (Dutch) |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61569 | James Van Praagh
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(Redirected from James van Praagh)
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James Van Praagh
Born (1958-08-23) 23 August 1958 (age 56)
Bayside, Queens, New York City, New York, US
James Van Praagh (/væn ˈprɑːɡ/; born August 23, 1958) is an American author, producer and television personality who describes himself as a clairvoyant and spiritual medium.[1] He has written numerous books, including The New York Times bestseller Talking to Heaven. He co-executive produced the CBS primetime series Ghost Whisperer, which he claims was based on his life, and was portrayed by Ted Danson in the 2002 semi-biographical miniseries Living with the Dead. He hosted a short-lived paranormal talk show called Beyond with James Van Praagh.
Early life[edit]
Van Praagh was born in Bayside, New York and is the youngest of four children. He has said that from an early age he experienced spiritual phenomena, including one when as an 8 year old praying to God a glowing open hand appeared through his ceiling, an experience he described as peaceful.[1] Raised Roman Catholic, he was an altar boy and at the age of 14 he attended pre-seminary.[1] According to his website, he lost interest in organized religion and left the seminary after he claims a spirit whispered to him, "God is much bigger than these four walls; you must leave and find God outside in the world."[2] His mother, Jeanne, died in 1985 and Van Praagh claims she visits and guides him frequently.[3]
He graduated from San Francisco State University, where he majored in Broadcasting and Communications, and subsequently moved to Los Angeles. It was there that he discovered a direct interest in spiritualism after visiting medium Brian Hurst, who upon meeting Van Praagh told him that he's a medium and that the spirit world would assist him in "changing the consciousness of the planet.”[citation needed]
Van Praagh began his early career by giving private readings for clients by allegedly communicating with the spirits of their dearly departed, and quickly graduated to wider audiences through the sale and distribution of a series of audiotapes and books.[citation needed] In the early 1990s he began appearing on the NBC paranormal talk show The Other Side, where he became a resident expert.[1] Van Praagh credits an appearance on Larry King Live in 1997 to promote his new book Talking to Heaven for his gaining worldwide exposure. "The book went from 6,000 copies to 600,000 copies in less than three months," he said.[citation needed] He has been featured on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Larry King Live, Dr. Phil, A&E’s Biography, Nightline, Unsolved Mysteries, The View, The Joy Behar Show, the Today, Chelsea Lately, and Coast to Coast.[4] He worked with a non-profit called The Compassionate Friends, an organization for people who lost children or siblings.[3] He is also a regular blogger for The Huffington Post[5]
The central tenet of Van Praagh's work is his belief that there is no death and that people who have passed away still exist, only in a different form.[6] Van Praagh claims these spirits help guide him, and that they have told him there are "many levels of Heaven and we get to that level we have created by our thoughts, words and deeds while on earth."[3]
Van Praagh has written numerous books that have been translated into multiple languages and sold in the millions. His 1999 book Talking to Heaven, which recounts stories about his contact with the deceased, held the top slot on the New York Times Best Seller List for weeks.[3] In 2009 he released Ghosts Among Us, which goes in to detail about ghosts and the spirit world. His most recent book, Growing Up in Heaven: The Eternal Connection Between Parent and Child, gives a detailed portrayal of what he claims happens to the souls of children after they die.
Living with the Dead[edit]
Ted Danson received positive reviews for his portrayal of Van Praagh in the miniseries Living with the Dead
In April 2002, CBS aired Living with the Dead (also known by the alternate title, Talking to Heaven), a four hour miniseries based on Van Praagh and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal, with the screenplay by John Pielmeier. Although the series followed Van Praagh's experiences, it included a fictional mystery around the murder of a teenage boy at the hands of a serial killer. Van Praagh was played by Ted Danson, his mother by Diane Ladd and his father by Jack Palance.[7] Danson received praise from outlets like the Chicago Tribune and People for his portrayal of Van Praagh as a man anguished by his life-long visions of the dead, including his mother.[8][9]
Beyond with James Van Praagh[edit]
During the success of the paranormal television show Crossing Over with John Edward in the early 2000s, Van Praagh and Tribune Entertainment launched Beyond with James Van Praagh, a short-live paranormal talk show that aired on the WB Network from September 2002 until January 2003.[6][10] Beyond followed a similar format as Crossing Over, with Van Praagh giving audience members and celebrities readings, as well as field investigations into crimes and missing persons.[11]
Talking with the Dead[edit]
CBS aired Talking with the Dead (also known by the alternative title, The Dead Will Tell), a thriller based on Van Praagh's experiences and directed by Stephen Kay, on October 24, 2004. Anne Heche produced and starred in the film as Emily Parkes, a woman who receives an antique engagement ring from her fiancé and begins to have visions of its murdered previous owner.[12] The made-for-TV movie also starred Eva Longoria, Christopher Guest and Chris Sarandon.
Ghost Whisperer[edit]
Van Praagh served as co-executive producer on the CBS show Ghost Whisperer starring Jennifer Love Hewitt. Ghost Whisperer was based on the work and experiences of Van Praagh and ran for five seasons from September 23, 2005 to May 21, 2010 on CBS.[13]
There have been several prominent skeptics of the paranormal who have questioned Van Praagh's abilities. The James Randi Educational Foundation made a public offer to Van Praagh through the Huffington Post to take the JREF One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge to test his psychic abilities.[14][15] According to James Randi, "James Van Praagh and Allison DuBois have turned the huckster art of ‘cold reading' into a multi-million-dollar industry, preying on families' deepest fears and regrets.” Van Praagh has not accepted the challenge as of January 2015.[16][17][18]
In 2008, Barbara Walters called Van Praagh dangerous when, after he told her privately that she had an elevated white blood-cell count, test results showed no blood abnormalities.[citation needed]
Hot reading[edit]
Paranormal investigator Joe Nickell believes Van Praagh uses tactics like hot reading, or gleaning information from sitters beforehand. Group readings improve the odds that at least one person in the audience will identify with a general statement made with conviction. Shows are edited before airing to show only what appear to be hits and removing anything that does not reflect well on the medium.[19] In 2003 the Independent Investigations Group attended a taping of Van Praagh's talk show Beyond. According to the IIG, there were differences between the live segments and how they were edited for broadcast. In one of the live shows they witnessed, Van Praagh was signing books and chatted with a woman who was from Italy. During the taping he asked if there was "someone from another country" and the same woman raised her hand, which to the investigators was evidence of a "hot reading".[20]
In Skeptic Magazine, Michael Shermer stated that Van Praagh was "caught" using a hot reading technique on 20/20, and that numerous television producers have confirmed that Van Praagh uses hot reading techniques. Shermer quotes producer Leah Hanes as stating:[21]
Personal life[edit]
Van Praagh is married to his partner, whom he began dating in 1995.[22]
Selected bibliography[edit]
• Praagh, James Van (2014). Adventures of the Soul : Journeys Through the Physical and Spiritual Dimensions. California: Hay House Inc. ISBN 978-1-4019-4470-4.
• Praagh, James Van (2014). The Soul's Journey Lesson Cards : 44 Cards and Guide. California: Hay House Inc. ISBN 978-1-4019-4471-1.
• Praagh, James Van (2013). How to Heal A Grieving Heart (with Doreen Virtue). California: Hay House Inc. ISBN 978-1-4019-4336-3.
• Praagh, James Van (2013). Talking to Heaven Mediumship Cards (with Doreen Virtue). California: Hay House Inc. ISBN 978-1-4019-4261-8.
• Praagh, James Van (2011). Growing Up in Heaven : The Eternal Connection Between Parent and Child. New York: HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-2024633.
• Praagh, James Van (2013). Ghosts among us : uncovering the truth about the other side (1st HarperCollins pbk. ed. ed.). New York: HarperOne. ISBN 0-06-155338-7.
• Praagh, James Van (2009). Unfinished business : what the dead can teach us about life (1st ed. ed.). New York: HarperOne. ISBN 0-06-177814-1.
• Praagh, with James Van (2003). ) Meditations with James Van Praagh. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-2943-6.
• Praagh, James Van (2003). Looking Beyond : a teen's guide to the spiritual world. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-2942-8.
• Praagh, James Van (2002). Heaven and Earth : making the psychic connection. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7432-2726-3.
• Praagh, James Van (2000). Healing Grief : reclaiming life after any loss. New York: New American Library. ISBN 0-451-20169-8.
• Praagh, James Van (1999). Talking to Heaven : a medium's message of life after death. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-451-19172-2.
• Praagh, James Van (1999). Reaching to heaven : a spiritual journey through life and death. New York: Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94481-8.
See also[edit]
1. ^ a b c d An Evening with James Van Praagh, Michele Gibson, Awareness Magazine, July/August 2009; accessed February 17, 2013
2. ^ About James Van Praagh, official website; accessed February 17, 2013
3. ^ a b c d Gone, Perhaps, but No Less Chatty, Alex Witchel, New York Times, February 22, 1998; accessed February 17, 2013
4. ^ "James Van Praagh". Eomega.org. Retrieved 2012-11-02.
5. ^ "Lost Loves ". The Huffington Post. accessed February 14, 2013
6. ^ a b Watching the giant mediums, Laura Laughlin, Salon, June 13, 2002; accessed February 17, 2013
7. ^ Messages From Beyond, Susan King, Los Angeles Times, April 28, 2002; accessed February 17, 2013
8. ^ `Living With the Dead' brings Danson to life, Allan Johnson, Chicago Tribune, April 26, 2002; accessed February 17, 2013
9. ^ Picks and Pans Review: Living with the Dead, Terry Kelleher, People, April 29, 2002; accessed February 17, 2013
10. ^ Medium Rare, Tom Gliatto, People, May 6, 2002; accessed February 17, 2013
11. ^ Beyond with James Van Praagh, TV Guide synopsis; accessed February 17, 2013
12. ^ The Dead Will Tell, New York Times synopsis; accessed February 13, 2013
13. ^ "Medium James Van Praagh (Ghost Whisperer) Shares His Process For Talking With Spirits - Video Read & Write Reviews Of Psychics & Psychic Mediums". Bestpsychicdirectory.com. Retrieved 2012-11-02.
14. ^ Weird, HuffPost (October 25, 2011). "Skeptical 'Zombies' Attack Alleged Psychic James Van Praagh". Huff Post. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
15. ^ Weird, HuffPost (October 10, 2011). "What Is James Van Praagh Hiding From?". Huff Post. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
16. ^ "Calling All Psychics: Prove Your Worth for $1 Million". TIME. August 24, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
17. ^ "Psychics Challenged, Offered $1 Million to Prove Powers". ABC News. August 27, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
18. ^ "A Message to James Van Praagh". JREF. September 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
20. ^ Underdown, James (September–October 2003). "TV psychics John Edward and John Van Praagh". Skeptical Inquirer (Committee for Skeptical Inquiry) 27 (5): 41–45.
21. ^ Shermer, Michael. "Talking Twaddle with the Dead". Skeptic Magazine. 06 Number 1. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
22. ^ "CNN, Larry King Live Transcripts". Retrieved 2012-05-03.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61570 | Jan Baptist van Deynum
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Jan Baptist van Deynum
Gulden Cabinet - Jan baptist van Deynum p 407.jpg
Jean Baptiste van Deynum in Het Gulden Cabinet
Born Jean Baptiste
Died 2 May 1668(1668-05-02) (aged 47)
Nationality Flanders
Known for Painting
Movement Baroque
Jan Baptist van Deynum, or Duinen (1620–1668), was a Flemish Baroque painter.
According to Houbraken, who summarized a three-page poem about his work by Cornelis de Bie, Jan Baptist van Deynum was a respected Flemish painter who quit his job as "hopman" of a schutterij in Antwerp in order to have more time for painting.[1] In 1662, his works could be admired in the "Koningshof" in Antwerp.[2]
According to the RKD, he was a portrait painter active in Antwerp.[3]
1. ^ (Dutch) Jan Babtist van Duinen biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature
2. ^ De Bie, Het Gulden Cabinet, p 410
3. ^ Jan Baptist van Deynum in the RKD |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61571 | Johann Pauls
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"John Pauls" redirects here. For people with a similar name, see John Paul.
Johann Pauls (born 9 February 1908 in Danzig – died 4 July 1946 in Gdańsk), also John Pauls, was a German SS-Oberscharführer in Stutthof concentration camp.
Pauls was the third child of Johann August Pauls and Minna Steingräber. He joined the NSDAP, along with the SS, in the Free State of Danzig on 1 April 1931. From 21 July 1939 to 31 October 1941, he served in the reserve police force. From 1 November 1941 to 11 March 1943, he served in the Waffen-SS infantry and SS-Schutze reserve.
Pauls was transferred to SS-Totenkopfsturmbann of Sachsenhausen concentration camp in April 1943. Thereafter, as an SS-Oberscharführer, he was commandant of the guards in Stutthof concentration camp until the end of the war in 1945.
After the war[edit]
Gerda Steinhoff (left) and Johann Pauls after their executions on 4 July 1946
Biskupia Gorka executions - 9 - Kapo, Pauls, Steinhoff (left to right).jpg
He was tried in the first Stutthof Trial by the Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court, which was held in Gdańsk (Danzig) from 25 April 1946 to 31 May 1946. In the company of 12 other guards and Kapos, he was convicted of war crimes, along with 10 other accused, and sentenced to death.
Pauls was executed by short-drop hanging on 4 July 1946 at Biskupia Górka.
He was brought to the place of execution along with 10 other prisoners, five men and five women. The convicts were on the backs of 11 trucks, bound hand and foot. Pauls was collared with a noose at the center of the central gallows and pushed out of the truck. On one side of him, Gerda Steinhoff, on his other side, an unknown Kapo.[1][2]
It is generally believed that the execution was filmed.[3]
1. ^ This article incorporates information from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia
2. ^ This article incorporates information from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia
3. ^ Death on the Gallows
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61575 | Kintai Bridge
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Kintai Bridge
The bridge is lit up every day after sunset.
The under side of Kintai Bridge
The Kintai Bridge (錦帯橋 Kintai-kyō?) is a historical wooden arch bridge, in the city of Iwakuni, in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
Kikkou Park, which includes the bridge and castle, is a popular tourist destination in Japan, particularly during the Cherry Blossom festival in the spring and the autumn color change of the Japanese Maples. It was declared a National Treasure in 1922.
After Iwakuni Castle was completed in 1608 by Kikkawa Hiroie, the first lord of Iwakuni Domain, a series of wooden bridges were built. However, most of them were destroyed by floods several times before the construction of the iconic Kintai Bridge. Afterwards, Kintai Bridge was built by the third lord, Kikkawa Hiroyoshi in 1673. The new stone piers replaced the old wooden ones. Though thought to be flood-proof, the bridge was destroyed by a flood the next year. As a result, the stone piers were redesigned for greater strength, and a special tax was created to maintain the bridge. This maintenance involved periodic rebuilding of the bridge: every 20 years for 3 spans in the middle, every 40 years for 2 spans connecting to the riverside. Consequently, the bridge remained undestroyed for 276 years, until washed away again by flooding from typhoon "Kijia" in 1950. It had been in a weakened state at the time, due to the fact that the Japanese had stopped maintaining the bridge during World War II, and that the year before the typhoon, a large amount of gravel was taken by the US Military Force from the river around the bridge to expand the US Marine Corps Air Station in Iwakuni, strengthening the flow of the river. In 1953, the bridge was reconstructed similarly to the original, using metal nails[citation needed] made from the same tatara iron as the Katana to increase its durability. Between 2001 and 2004, all five bridge girders were restored for the first time in 50 years.[1] In 1922 the bridge was declared a national treasure.
The bridge is composed of five sequential wooden arch bridges on four stone piers as well as two of wooden piers on the dry riverbed where the bridge begins and ends. Each of the three middle spans is 35.1 meters long, while the two end spans are 34.8 meters for a total length of about 175 meters with a width of 5 meters.
Original construction[edit]
For nearly three hundred years, the many versions of the bridge stood without the use of metal nails. This was achieved by the careful fitting of the wooden parts and by the construction of the thick girders by clamping and binding them together with metal belts. The main wooden parts of the bridge were covered by sheets of copper for additional durability.
Flood protection[edit]
The shape and weight of the bridge made it extremely strong at the top, but incredibly weak from underneath. To address concern that flood waters rushing along the river would destroy the bridge in its entirety, the bridge was designed so that the wooden pathway merely "floats" on top of its frame using mortise and tenon joints. This allowed rising flood waters to lift out the wooden pathway and carry it off down stream while sparing the main structure.[2]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 34°10′03″N 132°10′42″E / 34.167603°N 132.178367°E / 34.167603; 132.178367 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61577 | LMS electric units
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This article is about the units introduced by the LMS in 1926–32. For the units the LMS inherited see LNWR electric units and LYR electric units. For the LMS units that were later given a TOPs number see British Rail Class 502 and British Rail Class 503.
LMS electric units
Aintree Sefton Arms station geograph-2387124-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg
LMS electric unit at Aintree, near Liverpool
In service 1926–1964
Number built 23 train sets + 5 driving motor cars
Formation driving motor car + trailer + driving trailer
Operator London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Power output 4 x 265 hp (198 kW) traction motors
Electric system(s) DC third and fourth rail
LMS electric units were built in 1926–32 by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) for use on the Liverpool to Ormskirk line and the DC lines in north London. Having inherited systems with DC electrification, the LMS built a number of new 3-car electric multiple units. The trains were withdrawn in 1963 and 1964.
In the 1923 grouping the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) inherited several suburban railways with DC electrification, including systems in Liverpool and London. In 1926–27 the LMS received 28 driving motor thirds from the Metropolitan Carriage & Wagon Company, each with four 265 horsepower (198 kW) Metrovick motors,[a] and 23 composite trailers from the Clayton Wagon Company and driving trailer thirds from the Midland Railway Carriage & Wagon Company. Similar to the earlier LNWR electric units but with accommodation in compartments, seating being provided for 40 in first class and 240 third class,[1] and 11 three car sets were sent for use on the Liverpool to Ormskirk line, alongside the LYR electric units, the remainder being used on the Euston and Broad Street DC lines in north London.[2] In 1932 additional cars were purchased to increase the London fleet to 25 three car sets. These ran with the LNWR electric units and additional third class trailers that were marshalled in or between sets to increase train length to seven cars. The London based units were withdrawn in 1963.[1]
The Liverpool trains were reformed into three and two car units in 1939, so as work with the new 5-car stock that was to become British Rail Class 502, and a 2-car unit was subsequently converted for parcels use. The units were withdrawn in 1964.[3]
Notes and references[edit]
1. ^ Marsden 2009, p. 85, when talking of their operation in the London area, rates the motors at 280 horsepower (210 kW).
1. ^ a b Marsden 2009, p. 85.
2. ^ Marsden 2009, pp. 76, 79, 87.
3. ^ Marsden 2009, p. 76.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61579 | Mark Saville, Baron Saville of Newdigate
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The Right Honourable
The Lord Saville of Newdigate
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
In office
1 October 2009 – 30 September 2010
Monarch Elizabeth II
Preceded by Position created
Succeeded by Lord Wilson of Culworth
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
In office
28 July 1997 – 30 September 2009
Preceded by The Lord Mustill
Succeeded by Position eliminated
Lord Justice of Appeal
In office
High Court Judge
In office
Personal details
Born Mark Oliver Saville
(1936-03-20) 20 March 1936 (age 79)
Nationality British
Spouse(s) Jill Gray
Alma mater Brasenose College, Oxford
Occupation Judge
Profession Barrister
Military service
Service/branch Army
Years of service 1954–56
Rank Second Lieutenant
Unit Royal Sussex Regiment
"Lord Saville" redirects here. For the hereditary peers, see Baron Savile.
Mark Oliver Saville, Baron Saville of Newdigate PC, QC (born 20 March 1936) is a British judge and former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
Early life[edit]
Saville was born on 20 March 1936 to Kenneth Vivian Saville and Olivia Sarah Frances Gray, and educated at Rye Grammar School.[1][2][3] He undertook National Service in the Royal Sussex Regiment between 1954 and 1956 at the rank of Second Lieutenant.[1][2] He studied at Brasenose College, Oxford, graduating with first class honours in law[2] (Bachelor of Arts) and a Bachelor of Civil Law degree, and where he won the Vinerian Scholarship.[1][3] He was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1962, becoming a Bencher in 1983, and became a Queen's Counsel in 1975.[1][2][3] He co-edited Essays in Honour of Sir Brian Neill: the Quintessential Judge[4] with Brian Susskind, former Gresham Professor of Law, and contributed to Civil Court Service 2007.[5]
Judicial career[edit]
Saville was appointed a Judge of the High Court in 1985[6][2][3] and, as is tradition, was knighted at this time.[7][1] In 1994, he became a Lord Justice of Appeal,[2][3] a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, and was appointed to the Privy Council,[1] affording him the title, The Right Honourable. On 28 July 1997, he replaced Lord Mustill as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, receiving a life peerage as Baron Saville of Newdigate of Newdigate in the County of Surrey.[8][1][2][3] He and nine other Lords of Appeal in Ordinary became Justices of the Supreme Court upon that body's inauguration on 1 October 2009.
Between 1994 and 1996 Saville chaired a committee on arbitration law that led to the Arbitration Act 1996.[9]
In 1997 Saville received an honorary LL.D. from London Guildhall University.[1]
Bloody Sunday Inquiry[edit]
Main article: Bloody Sunday Inquiry
On 29 January 1998, Lord Saville of Newdigate was appointed to chair the second Bloody Sunday Inquiry, a public inquiry commissioned by Prime Minister Tony Blair into Bloody Sunday, an incident in 1972 in Derry, Northern Ireland, when twenty-seven people were shot by members of the 1st Battalion of the British Parachute Regiment, resulting in fourteen deaths. The previous inquiry, the Widgery Tribunal, had been described by nationalists as a whitewash. Other members of the panel were Sir Edward Somers, former judge of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand, and William Lloyd Hoyt, former Chief Justice of New Brunswick.
The inquiry came into controversy for attempts to force journalists Alex Thomson, Lena Ferguson and Toby Harnden to disclose their sources,[10] and for its twelve-year length.[11] Its report was published on 15 June 2010 at a cost of £195 million.[12] The results were published on 15 June 2010. British Prime Minister David Cameron addressed the House of Commons that afternoon where he acknowledged, among other things, that the paratroopers had fired the first shot, had fired on fleeing unarmed civilians, and shot and killed one man who was already wounded.[13] He then apologised on behalf of the British Government.[14]
Personal life[edit]
Lord Saville of Newdigate married Jill Gray in 1961, with whom he has two sons.[1][2] He enjoys sailing, flying and computers, and is a member of the Garrick Club in London.[1]
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "SAVILLE OF NEWDIGATE". Who's Who. Oxford University Press. December 2008. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Profile: Lord Saville of Newdigate". The Times (London). 7 November 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
3. ^ a b c d e f "Background to the Inquiry". Bloody Sunday Trust. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
4. ^ "Amazon: Essays in Honour of Sir Brian Neil: the Quintessential Judge (Paperback)". Retrieved 20 June 2009.
5. ^ "Amazon: Civil Court Service 2007 (Hardcover)". Retrieved 20 June 2009.
6. ^ The London Gazette: no. 50015. p. 939. 23 January 1985.
7. ^ The London Gazette: no. 50078. p. 4499. 29 March 1985.
8. ^ The London Gazette: no. 54849. p. 8779. 31 July 1997.
9. ^ Gibb, Frances (14 June 2010). "Lord Saville — an outstanding legal mind defined by Bloody Sunday inquiry". The Times (London). Retrieved 16 June 2010.
10. ^ Toby Harnden (13 February 2004). "'Lord Saville should be ashamed'". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 20 June 2009.
11. ^ Sharrock, David (7 November 2008). "Bloody Sunday inquiry delays report again, four years after hearing evidence". The Times (London). Retrieved 20 July 2009.
12. ^ "Bloody Sunday Report Published.". BBC News. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61580 | Lumad peoples
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"Manobo" redirects here. For the languages, see Manobo languages.
For other uses, see Lumad (disambiguation).
A woman in traditional Manobo dress
Total population
Regions with significant populations
Caraga, Davao, Northern Mindanao, SOCCSKSARGEN, Zamboanga Peninsula
Manobo languages, Chabacano (in Zamboanga Region), Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Filipino language, English
Christianity (Roman Catholic, Protestant) and Animist
Related ethnic groups
The Lumad is a group of indigenous people of the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (literally "indigenous peoples"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. It is the self-ascription and collective identity of the indigenous peoples of Mindanao.
Representative from 15 tribes agreed in June 1986 to adopt the name; there were no delegates from the three major groups of the T'boli, the Teduray. The choice of a Cebuano word was a bit ironic but they deemed it to be most appropriate considering that the Lumad tribes do not have any other common language except Cebuano. This is the first time that these tribes have agreed to a common name for themselves, distinct from that of the Moros and different from the migrant majority and their descendants.
There are 17 Lumad ethnolinguistic groups: Atta, Bagobo, Banwaon, B’laan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Tagakaolo, Tasaday, Tboli, Teduray, and Ubo.
According to the Lumad Development Center Inc., there are about 18 Lumad groups in 19 provinces across the country. Considered as "vulnerable groups", they live in hinterlands, forests, lowlands and coastal areas.[1]
Katawhang Lumad are the un-Islamized and un-Christianized Austronesian peoples of Mindanao, namely Erumanen ne Menuvu`, Matidsalug Manobo, Agusanon Manobo, Dulangan Manobo, Dabaw Manobo,Ata Manobo, B'laan, Kaulo, Banwaon, Teduray, Lambangian, Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan, Mansaka, Mandaya, K'lagan, T'boli, Mamanuwa, Talaandig, Tagabawa, and Ubu`, Tinenanen, Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan. There are about 20 general hilltribes of Mindanao, all of which are Austronesian.
The term Lumad excludes the Butuanons and Surigaonons, even though these ethnic groups are also native to Mindanao, because the latter two groups are ethnically Visayans and are not closely related to the Lumad. This can be confusing, since the word lumad literally means "native" in the Visayan languages.
The Lumad are one of the few surviving human populations that have a genetic relationship with the Denisovans.
The colorful Kaamulan Festival celebrated annually in Malaybalay City
The Bukidnon are one of the seven tribes in the Bukidnon plateau of Mindanao. Bukidnon means 'that of the mountains' (i.e., 'people of the mountains'), despite the fact that most Bukidnon tribes settle in the lowlands. The name Bukidnon is itself used to describe the entire province in a different context (it means 'mountainous lands' in this case).[3]
The Bukidnon people believe in one god, Magbabaya (Ruler of All), though there are several minor gods and goddesses that they worship as well. Religious rites are presided by a baylan whose ordination is voluntary and may come from both sexes. The Bukidnons have rich musical and oral traditions[4] which are celebrated annually in Malaybalay city's Kaamulan Festival, with other tribes in Bukidnon (the Manobo tribes, the Higaonon, Matigsalug, Talaandig, Umayamnom, and the Tigwahanon).[5]
Tagakaulo is one of the tribes in Mindanao. Their traditional territories is in Davao Del Sur and the Sarangani Province particularly in the localities of Malalag, Lais, Talaguton Rivers, Sta. Maria, and Malita of Davao del Sur, and Malungon of the Sarangani Province.Tagakaulo means living in mountain. The Tagakaulo tribe originally came from the western shores of the gulf of Davao and south of Mt. Apo.[6] a long time ago.
A Bagobo (Manobo) woman of the Matigsalug people from Davao
Manobo is the hispanized spelling of Manuvu (there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic ‹b› and ‹v› in Castilian Spanish; the /v/ sound was lost when translated). Its etymology is unclear; in its current form it means 'person' or 'people'.
Manobo children
The Manobo are an Australasian, indigenous agriculturalist population who neighbor the Mamanwa group in Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur (Garvan, 1931). They live in barangays like the Mamanwa; however, population size is dramatically larger in the Manobo settlements (personal observation) in comparison to those of the Mamanwa. The two groups interact frequently although the amount of interaction varies between settlements and intermarriage is common between them (Reid, 2009).
The Manobo are genetically related to the Denisovans, much like the Mamanwa.[8]
Main article: Subanon people
The Higaonon is located on the provinces of Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Rogongon, Iligan City, and Lanao del Norte. Their name means "people of the wilderness". Most Higaonons have a rather traditional way of living. Farming is the most important economic activity.
The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They come from Leyte, Agusan del Norte, and Surigao provinces in Mindanao; primarily in Kitcharao and Santiago, Agusan del Norte,[9] though they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the Manobos and Mandaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all Negritos, the Mamanwas are genetically distinct from the lowlanders and the upland living Manobos, exhibiting curly hair and much darker skin tones.
These peoples are traditionally hunter-gatherers[10] and consume a wide variety of wild plants, herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforest. The Mamanwa are categorized as having the "negrito" phenotype with by dark skin, kinky hair, and short stature.[10][11] The origins of this phenotype (found in the Agta, Ati, and Aeta tribes in the Philippines) are a continued topic of debate, with recent evidence suggesting that the phenotype convergently evolved in several areas of southeast Asia.[12]
Mamanwa (also spelled Mamanoa) means 'first forest dwellers', from the words man (first) and banwa (forest).[16] They speak the Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa).[17] They are genetically related to the Denisovans.[8]
The term "Mansaka" derives from "mang" with literal meaning "to" and "saka" meaning "climb," and means "to climb or to ascend mountains/upstream." The term most likely describes the origin of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur. Specifically in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, Caragan, Maragusan, the Hijo River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo.[18]
The Sangir or Sangil is located in the islands of Balut, Sarangani, and the coastal areas of South Cotabato and Davao del Sur. Their name comes from Sangihe, an archipelago located between Sulawesi and Mindanao. This was their original home, but they migrated northwards.
Tagabawa is the language used by the Bagobo-Tagabawa. They are the indigenous tribe in Mindanao. They live in the surrounding areas of Mt. Apo.[19]
Main article: Tasaday
Main article: Tboli
Musical heritage[edit]
Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Agung
Social issues[edit]
See also[edit]
2. ^ B’laan women record dreams in woven mats –, Philippine News for Filipinos
3. ^ Bukidnon by Filipino Santos
4. ^ Bukidnon heritage kept alive, Dr. Antonio Montalvan II", (accessed through on 3 February 2010)
5. ^ Kaamulan Festival", (accessed 3 February 2010)
6. ^
7. ^
8. ^ a b Reich, D.; Patterson, N.; Kircher, M.; Delfin, F.; Nandineni, M.R.; Pugach, I. et al. (2011). "Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics 89 (4): 516–528. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.09.005. PMC 3188841. PMID 21944045.
9. ^ Anthropology Museum: Mamanwa
13. ^ Pugach, Irina; Delfin, Frederick; Gunnarsdóttir, Ellen; Kayser, Manfred; Stoneking, Mark (2013). "Genome-wide data substantiates Holocene gene ?ow from India to Australia". PNAS 110 (5): 1803–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211927110. PMC 3562786. PMID 23319617.
14. ^ a b Personal observation
16. ^ Mamanwa
17. ^ Ethnologue Report: Mamanwa Language
19. ^ Joshua Project – Bagobo, Tagabawa of Philippines Ethnic Profile
23. ^ Mindanao, Land of Promise
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61581 | Marcellinus (writer)
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Marcellinus was the author of a Life of Thucydides, found in some of the ancient commentaries on the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. Nothing else is known for certain about this Marcellinus, but he probably lived in about the 6th century AD, and compiled his biography from passages in early writers, adding his own observations. Because he lived so long after Thucydides, the statements of Marcellinus must be treated with caution unless they are supported by other evidence.[1]
1. ^ There is an online translation of a Life of Thucydides by W.B. Allen; but this is a translation of a shorter, anonymous Life, not the biography written by Marcellinus. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61582 | Marquardt Corporation
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Vintage Marquardt Corporation ad.
Marquardt Corporation was one of the few aeronautical engineering firms that was dedicated almost solely to the development of the ramjet engine. Marquardt designs were developed through the 1940s into the 1960s, but the ramjet never became a major design and the company turned to other fields in the 1970s. They suffered a particularly bad financial crisis with the ending of the Cold War, and went bankrupt in the 1990s.[1]
Roy Marquardt was an aeronautical engineering graduate from Caltech who had worked at Northrop during World War II on the YB-35 flying-wing bomber project. While working on problems cooling the engines, which were buried in the wings, he found that the heat generated by the engines produced useful thrust. This started his interest in the ramjet principle, and in November 1944 he started Marquardt Aircraft in Venice, California to develop and sell ramjet engines. In the late 1940s the company relocated to Van Nuys, California, adjacent to the Van Nuys Airport.
Marquardt's first products were wind tunnels, but by the end of their first year they had delivered an experimental 20 inch (0.51 m) ramjet to the United States Navy for testing. The United States Army Air Forces purchased two of the same design early in 1946, and fitted them to the wingtips of a P-51 Mustang fighter for in-flight testing. By this time the Navy had fitted theirs to a F7F Tigercat and started flight tests in late 1946. Later Navy tests fitted the same engine to a XP-83 and F-82 Twin Mustang.
In 1947 Martin built the Gorgon IV missile testbed, powered by the 20" engine. Four Gorgon flights with the new engines were made that year at Mach 0.85 at 10,000 feet (3,000 m) altitude, and in 1948 a newer engine pushed the speeds to Mach 0.9. Martin eventually won a contract to convert the Gorgon design into a target drone, becoming the KDM-1 Plover, and delivering Marquardt a contract for 600 more 20" engines.
In 1948 the newly created United States Air Force took delivery of several larger 30" (0.76 m) designs and fitted them to the wingtips of a P-80 Shooting Star, which became the first manned aircraft to be powered by ramjets alone. An even larger 48" (1.22 m) design was built as a booster for a new interceptor design, but not put into production.
The same year the company also started conversion of the existing engine designs to operate at supersonic speeds. This requires the airflow to be slowed to subsonic speeds for combustion, which is accomplished with a series of shock waves created by a carefully designed inlet. Starting with the existing 20" design from 1947, work progressed until the new engine was ready for use in 1949.
By this point the company had outgrown its Venice plant, but was unable to fund a larger factory. Marquardt sold a controlling interest in the company to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1949, and used the funds to move to a new site in Van Nuys, the former Timm Aircraft factories. The purchase wasn't a happy one for General Tire due to management differences, after making "only" 25% return in one year, they agreed to sell their share of the company to another investor. Eventually such an investor was found, and General Tire sold their stake to Laurance Rockefeller in 1950 for $250,000.
In the early 1950s supersonic cruise missile and target drone projects for various roles were quite common. Many of them were designs to be shot down as target drones, or simply crash or explode at the end of their mission, so simplicity and low cost was as important as high-speed performance. This made the ramjet ideally suited to these roles. By 1952 Marquardt was involved in a number of projects, including the Navy's Rigel missile, and the Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc anti-aircraft missile. To test the new engine design for the Bomarc, the Lockheed X-7 high-speed radio control test aircraft was built.
Over the next few years the X-7 missile broke many records, and led the Air Force to award Marquardt the contract for the BOMARC missile engines. Originally they had intended to award the production to a larger company with better manufacturing abilities, as the Van Nuys plant wouldn't be able to build the 1,500 engines quickly enough. Instead, the Air Force and Marquardt collaborated on a new plant on the shores of Great Salt Lake just outside of Ogden, Utah. The plant opened in June 1957, and delivered their first engines a month ahead of schedule. By 1958 the engine was in full production, leading to an additional engine contract from the Air Force for an equally large run of a more advanced version for the IM-99B "Super BOMARC". Meanwhile the X-7 continued to break records, eventually setting the speed record for air-breathing vehicles at Mach 4.31.
By 1959 the company had sales of $70 million, and had purchased several smaller aerospace firms. One of these purchases, Power Systems, led to a number of designs for small rocket motors used as positioning thrusters. This would eventually become one of Marquardt biggest product lines in the 1960s. Meanwhile the main Van Nuys plant was also involved in research into new systems, including a nuclear-powered ramjet for Project Pluto and a liquid air cycle engine (LACE) for the Air Force's Aerospaceplane efforts. Another new product line started with the introduction of their first ram-air turbine, small air-powered generators for providing aircraft with electric power if the main engine failed. With this diversification came a name change, to Marquardt Corporation.
Small rocket engines[edit]
In 1962 North American Aviation selected Marquardt to provide the reaction control system engines for the Apollo program spacecraft.[2] By 1970 Marquardt was known primarily as "the" company for small rocket engines and thrusters. Practically all US space vehicles and satellites used their designs, eventually including a major win for the Space Shuttle program. The company developed and provided the 25 and 870 lb. thrusters for the space shuttle.
Decline of the ramjet market[edit]
The market for ramjet engines had largely disappeared by this point due to increased performance from turbojet engines, but Marquardt continued low-level development on advanced designs. One system, developed in partnership with Morton Thiokol, placed a solid fuel booster inside the ramjet core. When the solid fuel burned out the ramjet would ignite as normal. The idea was to combine the booster and ramjet into a single airframe, thereby reducing cost, size, and range safety requirements, as nothing would be jettisoned in flight.
In 1983 the company was purchased by the ISC Defense and Space Group International Signal and Control. In 1987, ISC was purchased by British-based Ferranti.
Ferranti bankruptcy[edit]
Ferranti declared bankruptcy in 1991. In August 1991 one of the main Marquardt businesses, making parts for Rockeye cluster bombs and other weapons, was sold to a group of investors who formed a new company called Marquardt Manufacturing Inc. In December 1991, the other main business, a rocket-propulsion division, was sold to Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corp. The original Marquardt Co. became principally a landlord, retaining ownership of 56 acres and several buildings near Van Nuys Airport.[3]
Kaiser reportedly picked up the Marquardt Jet Laboratory for a mere $1 million,[citation needed] with about $50 million in outstanding Space Shuttle contracts. Kaiser closed the Van Nuys plant in 2001.
• Marquardt Space Sled
• Marquardt R-4D 100 lbf (440 N) thrust reaction control engines were used on both the Apollo Lunar Module and the Command Service Module on all the manned moon flights.
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Here Comes the Flying Stovepipe". TIME. November 26, 1965. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
2. ^ "Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft". NASA.
3. ^ Jill Bettner (May 4, 1993). "Marquardt: Once-Bright Future Has Splintered". Los Angeles Times. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61583 | Modo (software)
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Luxology Modo Icon.png
Original author(s) Luxology
Developer(s) The Foundry Visionmongers[1]
Stable release 801[2] / 25 April 2014; 12 months ago (2014-04-25)
Operating system Windows, Linux, OS X
Type 3D computer graphics
License Trialware
Modo (stylized as MODO, originally modo)[3] is a polygon and subdivision surface modeling, sculpting, 3D painting, animation and rendering package developed by Luxology, LLC, which is now merged with and known as The Foundry. The program incorporates features such as n-gons and edge weighting, and runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms.
Modo was created by the same core group of software engineers that previously created the pioneering 3D application LightWave 3D, originally developed on the Amiga platform and bundled with the Amiga-based Video Toaster workstations that were popular in television studios in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They are based in Mountain View, California.
In 2001, senior management at NewTek (makers of LightWave) and their key LightWave engineers disagreed regarding the notion for a complete rewrite of LightWave's work-flow and technology.[4][self-published source?] NewTek's Vice President of 3D Development, Brad Peebler, eventually left Newtek to form Luxology, and was joined by Allen Hastings and Stuart Ferguson (the lead developers of Lightwave), along with some of the LightWave programming team members.
After more than three years of development work, Modo was demonstrated at Siggraph 2004 and released in September of the same year. In April 2005, the high-end visual effects studio Digital Domain integrated Modo into their production pipeline. Other studios to adopt Modo include Pixar, Industrial Light & Magic, Zoic Studios, id Software, Eden FX, Studio ArtFX, The Embassy Visual Effects, Naked Sky Entertainment and Spinoff Studios.
At Siggraph 2005, Modo 201 was announced. This promised many new features including the ability to paint in 3D (à la ZBrush, BodyPaint 3D), multi-layer texture blending, as seen in LightWave, and, most significantly, a rendering solution which promised physically-based shading, true lens distortion, anisotropic reflection blurring and built-in polygon instancing. Modo 201 was released on 24 May 2006.
Modo 201 was the winner of the Apple Design Awards for Best Use of Mac OS X Graphics for 2006. In October 2006, Modo also won "Best 3D/Animation Software" from MacUser magazine. In January 2007, Modo won the Game Developer Frontline Award for "Best Art Tool".
Modo 202 was released on 1 August 2006. It offered faster rendering speed and several new tools including the ability to add thickness to geometry. A 30-day full-function trial version of the software was made available.
In March 2007, Luxology released Modo 203 as a free update. It included new UV editing tools, faster rendering and a new DXF translator.
The release of Modo 301 on 10 September 2007 added animation and sculpting to its toolset. The animation tools include being able to animate cameras, lights, morphs and geometry as well as being able to import .mdd files. Sculpting in Modo 301 is done through mesh based and image based sculpting (vector displacement maps) or a layered combination of both.
Modo 302, was released on 3 April 2008 with some tool updates, more rendering and animation features and a physical sky and sun model. Modo 302 was a free upgrade for existing users. Modo 303 was skipped in favor of the development of Modo 401.
Modo 401 shipped on 18 June 2009. This release has many animation and rendering enhancements and is newly available on 64-bit Windows. On 6 October 2009, Modo 401 SP2 was released followed by Modo 401 SP3 on 26 January 2010 and SP5 on 14 July of the same year.[5]
Modo 501 shipped on 15 December 2010. This version was the first to run on 64-bit Mac OS X. It contains support for Pixar Subdivision Surfaces, faster rendering and a visual connection editor for creating re-usable animation rigs.
Modo 601 shipped on 29 February 2012. This release offers additional character animation tools, dynamics, a general purpose system of deformers, support for retopology modeling and numerous rendering enhancements.
Modo 701 shipped on 25 March 2013. This offered audio support, a Python API for writing plugins, additional animation tools and layout, more tightly integrated dynamics, and a procedural particle system along with other rendering enhancements such as render proxy and environment importance sampling. During subsequent Service Packs, FBX 2013 support was added and numerous major performance improvements were made (for example, tiled EXR usage became several orders of magnitude faster to match the competition).
Modo 801 shipped on 25 April 2014. This brought a rework of the referencing system; renderer improvements; nodal shading; UDIM support (for MARI interoperation - another Foundry product); dynamics and particles improvements; deformer updates (Bézier, Wrap, Lattice); motion capture retargeting (through the IKinema library used to deliver Full Body IK since 601). Additionally, animation workflow was improved based on adaptations of classic animator tools (extremes, breakdowns, etc.)
Modo was used in the production of feature films such as Stealth, Ant Bully, Iron Man, and Wall*E.
Modo's workflow differs substantially from many other mainstream 3D applications. While Maya and 3ds Max stress using the right tool for the job, Modo artists typically use a much smaller number of basic tools and combine them to create new tools using the Tool Pipe and customizable action centers and falloffs.
Action centers[edit]
Modo allows an artist to choose the "pivot point" of a tool or action in realtime simply by clicking somewhere. Thus, Modo avoids making the artist invoke a separate "adjust pivot point" mode. In addition, the artist can tell Modo to derive a tool's axis orientation from the selected or clicked on element, bypassing the needs for a separate "adjust tool axis" mode.
Any tool can be modified with customizable falloff, which modifies its influence and strength according to geometric shapes. Radial falloff will make the current tool affect elements in the center of a resizable sphere most strongly, while elements at the edges will be barely affected at all. Linear falloff will make the tool affect elements based on a gradient that lies along a user-chosen line, etc.
3D painting[edit]
Modo allows an artist to paint directly onto 3D models and even paint instances of existing meshes onto the surface of an object. The paint system allows users to use a combination of tools, brushes and inks to achieve many different paint effects and styles. Examples of the paint tools in Modo are airbrush, clone, smudge, and blur. These tools are paired with your choice of "brush" (such as soft or hard edge, procedural). Lastly, you add an ink, an example of which is image ink, where you paint an existing image onto a 3D model. Pressure-sensitive tablets are supported. The results of painting are stored in a bitmap and that map can be driving anything in Modo's Shader Tree. Thus you can paint into a map that is acting as a bump map and see the bumps in real-time in the viewport.
Modo's renderer is multi-threaded and scales nearly linearly with the addition of processors or processor cores. That is, an 8-core machine will render a given image approximately eight times as fast as a single-core machine with the same per-core speed. Modo runs on up to 32 cores and offers the option of network rendering.
In addition to the standard renderer, which can take a long time to run with a complex scene on even a fast machine, Modo has a progressive preview renderer which renders to final quality if left alone. Modo's user interface allows you to configure a work space that includes a preview render panel, which renders continuously in the background, restarting the render every time you change the model. This gives a more accurate preview of your work in progress as compared to the typical hardware shading options. In practice, this means you can do fewer full test renders along the way toward completion of a project. The preview renderer in Modo 401 offers progressive rendering, meaning the image resolves to near final image quality if you let it keep running.
Modo material assignment is done via a shader tree that is layer-based rather than node-based. As of version 801, node-based shading is a part of the work flow as well.
Modo's renderer is a physically based ray-tracer. It includes features like caustics, dispersion, stereoscopic rendering, fresnel effects, subsurface scattering, blurry refractions (e.g. frosted glass), volumetric lighting (smokey bar effect), and Pixar-patented Deep Shadows.
Select features[edit]
• Tool Pipe for creating customized tools
• Scripting (Perl, Python, Lua)
• Customizable User Interface
• Extensive file input and output
Key modeling features[edit]
• N-gon modeling (subdivided polygons with >4 points)
• Mesh Instancing
• Retopology Tools
• A powerful sculpting toolset
Key animation features[edit]
• Animate virtually any item's properties (geometry, camera, lights)
• Layerable deformers
• Morph target animation
• Rigging with full-body Inverse kinematics
• Dynamic parenting
Key rendering features[edit]
• Global Illumination
• Physical Sun and Sky
• Displacement Rendering
• Interactive Render Preview
• IEEE Floating Point Accuracy
• Subsurface scattering
• Instance Rendering
• Physically Based Shading Model
• Motion Blur
• Volumetric rendering
• Depth of Field
• Network Rendering
• 3d paint toolset
Modo once included imageSynth, a Plug-in for creating seamless textures in Adobe Photoshop CS1 or later. This bundle ended with the release of Modo 301. Luxology has announced that the imageSynth plugin for Photoshop has been retired.[6]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Foundry and Luxology Merge". fxGuide. LLC. 25 September 2012.
2. ^ "Modo 801 Details". The Foundry Visionmongers. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
3. ^ Cohen, Peter (10 June 2005). "Luxology modo ready for Intel switch". Macworld. IDG. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
4. ^ "Modo – What Lightwave Should Have Become.". The Foundry Forums. Self-published. 21 June 2007. [self-published source?]
5. ^ "@luxology on Twitter". Twitter. Self-published. 26 January 2010.
6. ^ Tracy, David (23 February 2011). "ImageSynth has been retired". The Foundry Forums. Luxology.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61584 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Morrissey–Mullen was a British jazz-funk/fusion group of the 1970s and 1980s.[1][2]
Coinciding with the recording and release of the first of seven Morrissey Mullen albums (plus two EPs), Up (Atlantic, 1977), which featured Average White Band as a rhythm section, plus Luther Vandross and Cissy Houston on vocals, together with some of the New York's session musicians, the Morrissey Mullen band spent eight months in New York. A six-week residency at New York's Mikell's, attracted the attention of many of the top musicians of the day, with Boz Scaggs, David Sanborn, Steve Gadd, Steve Ferrone, Richard Tee, George Benson, Ray Barretto,[1] Michael Brecker and Randy Brecker, among others dropping by for a jam.[5]
On their return to the United Kingdom, Morrissey Mullen concentrated on the small-club/pub circuit, with sell-out gigs at the venues they played at, including a residency at The Half Moon, Putney for many years.[6] In 1979, EMI commissioned them to enter the Abbey Road Studios to make "Britain's first digitally-recorded single record",[7] a cover of the Rose Royce hit "Love Don't Live Here Anymore". Their 1981 album Badness reached number one in the UK disco charts.[citation needed]
Morrissey's failing health required too many visits to hospital for the band to be viable. When M&M dissolved in 1988, Mullen and Morrissey continued meeting up for jam sessions with what they called, "Our Band", usually featuring the same musicians that had accompanied them in M&M.
1. ^ a b Billboard 23 October 1976 Vol. 88, N.º 43 Nielsen Business Media, Inc. ISSN 0006-2510 Billboard at Google Books
2. ^ Ankeny, Jason. Allmusic
3. ^ The Rough Guide to Jazz Rough Guides, 2004 ISBN 1-84353-256-5, ISBN 978-1-84353-256-9 at Google Books
4. ^ "Obituaries". The Independent.
5. ^ "Sulphuric Records". Sulphuric Records.
6. ^ "Dick Morrissey Obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2000.
7. ^ Gramophone AUDIO NEWS: "EMI digital recording" July 1979[dead link]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61587 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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public company
(part of CA Technologies)
Industry IT Management software
Founded 1998
Nimsoft was an independent company software vendor that offered information technology (IT) monitoring and service desk products and services. It was acquired by CA Inc. in 2010, and since October 2012 its products were integrated into that business. The Nimsoft brand is still used by CA.
Nimsoft products monitor and manage business services and specific systems within the IT infrastructure, including network components, servers, databases, applications, and virtualized environments.
With Nimsoft products, customers can monitor systems hosted in internal data centers, as well as in externally hosted environments, including software as a service (SaaS) and cloud computing environments.[1]
Nimbus Software was founded in Oslo, Norway in 1998 (not to be confused with Nimbus Data). Converse Software, the exclusive US distributor of Nimbus Software was founded in Silicon Valley in 2002. Nimbus Software and Converse Software merged in 2004 to form Nimsoft. Gary Read, the founder of the US distributor, was appointed CEO and the new company’s headquarters were established in Silicon Valley.[2] In 2007 a 10.3 million Series A round of funding from JMI Equity and Northzone Ventures closed.[3] Nimsoft acquired Indicative Software in April 2008 to offer business service management and established a new research and development base in Fort Collins, Colorado.[4] Nimsoft received the San Francisco Business Times 2008 "Best Place to Work Award".[5] Nimsoft closed a $12 million funding round led by Goldman Sachs in October 2008.[3]
In May 2009 Nimsoft acquired the intellectual property assets of Cittio. Its product capabilities included network discovery, topology mapping, and root cause analysis (RCA) utilizing graph theory.[6] That October Nimsoft announced its unified monitoring architecture to monitor externally hosted systems and services, including SaaS and cloud computing based IT infrastructures.[7]
In March 2010 CA Inc. announced it would acquired Nimsoft for $350 million.[8] Nimsoft was one of the "Hottest Silicon Valley Companies" by Lead411.[9] In September 2010, Nimsoft extended its software to support Vblock products from the VCE Company.[10]
In April 2011, Nimsoft announced its Unified Manager, software combining IT monitoring and service management.[11] Enhanced management support for NetApp storage was announced in June.[12] CA acquired Netherlands-based WatchMouse in July, and its software was integrated into Nimsoft .[13]
Nimsoft ceased to exist as an independent operating unit within CA in 2012, although the same products are still offered under that brand name.
1. ^ Denise Dubie , Network World. “Managing IT assets where they live: Nimsoft extends monitoring capabilities beyond data center to cloud computing environments, SaaS provided apps.” October 21, 2009.
2. ^ Tony C. Yang, San Francisco Business Times. "Keeping an eye on IT." May 30, 2008.
3. ^ a b Denise Dubie, Network World. "Goldman Sachs leads $12 million investment in Nimsoft." October 7, 2008.
4. ^ Denise Dubie, Network World. "Nimsoft, Indicative join forces to take on the Big Four". April 9, 2008.
5. ^ "Nimsoft Wins "Best Place to Work Award", Sponsored by San Francisco Business Times". Press release (Nimsoft). May 1, 2008. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
6. ^ Ellen Messmer, Network World. "Nimsoft acquires the assets of Cittio". May 19, 2009.
8. ^ Charles Babcock, InformationWeek, "CA to buy Nimsoft for USD 350 million", March 11, 2010.
9. ^ Lead411 launches "Hottest Silicon Valley Companies" awards
10. ^ Beth Schultz, Network World, "Nimsoft delivers integrated monitoring for Vblock units", September 28, 2010.
11. ^ John Rath, Darlington College, "Nimsoft Broadens Offerings With Unified Manager", April 6, 2011.
12. ^ "Nimsoft enhances management support for NetApp storage". Press release (Computer Technology Review). June 17, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
13. ^ Charles Babcock (July 29, 2011). "CA Buys Watchmouse, For Remote App Testing Power". Information Week. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61588 | P. Y. Saeki
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(Peter) Yoshiro Saeki (1871–1965), was a Japanese scholar of religion and law. He is known for his theories about Nestorianism and Jewish culture in Japan and for his involvement in the planning of the new Hiroshima after the atomic bombing.
Saeki was a Japanese Christian who became an expert on the influence of the Christian Nestorian sect, which at one time existed in China. In 1893, after travelling to the United States, he moved to Canada to study languages at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1895. He became a professor of English at Waseda University in Tokyo.
In 1904 he turned his researches towards Chinese history. 1908 he published a book in which he theorised that the Hata clan, which arrived from Korea and settled in Japan in the third century, was a Jewish-Nestorian tribe. According to Ben Ami-Shillony, "Saiki's writings spread the theory about 'the common ancestry of the Japanese and the Jews' (Nichi-Yu dosoron) in Japan, a theory that was endorsed by some Christian groups."[1] Versons of this Japanese-Jewish common ancestry theory were taken up by other writers at the time.
In 1916 he published The Nestorian Monument in China, an analysis of the Nestorian Stele, a monument describing the Chinese Nestorian church in 781 AD. The book summarised the competing theories about the stele. He also published a number of other books and articles on the relics of the Nestorians.[2] His theories of religion were influenced by those of Max Müller.
After World War II he was appointed mayor of Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, during which time he consulted on the rebuilding of the city after the atomic bomb blast of August 6, 1945. He advised rebuilding the city as a relatively small and well-planned space.[3]
In 1962 he received an honorary doctorate from Waseda University.
A partial bibliography of his works as listed in the Library of Congress would include:
• Keikyo hibun kenkyu. The Nestorian monument in China, (Place: Publisher, era 44 [1911]).
• The Nestorian Monument in China, (London: SPCK, 1916, reprinted 1928).
• The luminous religion, a study of Nestorian Christianity in China, with a translation of the inscription upon the Nestorian tablet, with Mrs. C. E. Couling, (London: Carey press, 1925).
• Roma ho koyo, 1927.
• Keikyo no kenkyu, (Tokyo: Toho Bunka Gakuin Tokyo Kenkyujo—Hatsubaijo Bunkyudo Shoten, Showa 10 [1935]; reprinted Tokyo: Meicho Fukyukai, Showa 53 [1978 & 1980].
• Articles in the Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society from 1932 to 1936.
• Shina Kirisutokyo no kenkyu, (Place: Publisher, Showa 18-24 [1943-49]) 4 vols.
• Nestorian Documents and Relics in China, (Tokyo: Toho bunkwa gakuin: The Academy of oriental culture, 1937; 2nd edition, Tokyo: Maruzen, 1951). An English language abridgement of Keikyo no kenkyu.
• Catalogue of the Nestorian literature and relics, (Tokyo: Maruzen,1950).
• Chūgoku ni okeru Keikyo suibo no rekishi, (Kyoto: Habado Enkei Doshisha Toho Bunka Koza Iinkai, Showa 30 [1955]).
• Roma-teikoku Kirisutokyo hogo kitei no kenkyu. (Place: Publisher, 1957).
• Saeki Yoshiro iko narabini den, (Place: Publisher, Showa 45 [1970]).
1. ^ Ben Ami-Shillony, The Jews and the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders, pp. 134-5 (Rutland, VT: Tuttle, 1991)
2. ^ D. E. Mungello, Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1989, p.164.
3. ^ Article on the Planning for Hiroshima's reconstruction. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61589 | Peter and Fevronia Day
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Peter & Fevronia Day
mural St. Duke Peter and St. Fevronia of Murom
Observed by Russia
Type Cultural, Orthodox
Significance Love and Fidelity celebrated between marrieds
Observances Sending greeting gifts and flowers (oxeye daisy)
Date July 8
Next time 8 July 2015 (2015-07-08)
Frequency annual
The Day of Saint Peter and Saint Fevronia (Russian: День Святых Петра и Февроньи / Den' Svyatyh Petra i Phevronii) also known as Day of Family, Love and Faithfulness (Russian: День семьи, любви и верности / Den' sem'i lyubvi i vernosti), the Orthodox patrons of marriage, was officially introduced in Russia in 2008. Svetlana Medvedeva is among the most active promoters of the new holiday. Its symbol is a white daisy.
The Day of Saints Peter and Fevronia since the days of Kievan Rus and until 1917, was broad celebrated in Russia because it was believed that the saints Peter and Fevronia are the patrons of marriage and family, as well as the symbols of love and fidelity. On this day it was common to go to church, where people asked for love and family grace.
As tells the Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom (which literary treatment relates to the period of the mid-16th century), Duke Peter was the second son of Duke Yuri Vladimirovich of Murom. He ascended the throne in 1203. A few years before Peter’s principality he became seriously ill that no one could cure him. One day the duke had a dream that he can be healed by the girl Fevronia.
Fevronia (Greek Φεβρωνία) was beautiful, pious and good, plus she was a wise woman, she knew the properties of herbs and could cure ailments. The prince fell in love with Fevronia and vowed to marry her after the healing. The girl cured the duke but he did not keep his word. Then again he was defeated by the disease and Fevronia cured him once again. And this time the duke married the girl.
After the death of his brother Peter inherited the throne. The nobles (or boyars) respected his duke, but the haughty the nobles’ wives disliked Fevronia, not wanting to be ruled by the peasant. The nobles demanded that the duke had left her. Peter, after he heard of the intentions of separating him from the beloved wife, chose to voluntarily relinquish the power and wealth and go with her in exile. So Peter and Fevronia left Murom.
Soon the unrest began in Murom, nobles were quarreling, fighting for the throne. Then they came around, gathered a council and invited the duke and his wife back. The duke and duchess returned and Fevronia managed to earn the love of the urban counterparts. They ruled after that long and happily.
In his declining years, Peter and Fevronia took the vows in various monasteries and asked God to die in one day. They bequeathed to bury them in a specially prepared coffin with a thin partition in the middle.
Peter and Fevronia died each in his cell in a one day and hour – on 8 July 1228. But people have recognized the wicked to bury the monks in one coffin and have broken the will of the dead: their bodies were placed in the different realms. But the very next day they were found together. Twice their bodies were carried out to the different churches, but twice they miraculously were found side by side. And the spouses were buried together in the city of Murom at the cathedral church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.
Since that time the history of the spouses of Peter and Fevronia is the embodiment of the unquenchable love and loyalty and every year on 8 July the Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of Saints Peter and Fevronia.
The symbol of Peter and Fevronia Day is a bouquet of daisies
The two saints feast day is like the Orthodox antipode of the Roman Catholic feast of couples in love – St. Valentine. Part of St. Valentine’s relics was deposited in the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow several years ago, during the life of late Patriarch Alexiy II.
According to a recent opinion poll, St. Valentine's Day has become popular among Russians, yet this holiday has more opponents than supporters. Some Russians said's “our culture does not benefit from foreign holidays” or "it is a commercial holiday: not for people but for merchants".
According to sociological data, the demand for flowers, souvenirs and perfume in Russia grows by almost 15% ahead of All Lovers’ Day. At the same time, statistics shows that the number of those who mark All Lovers’ Day becomes smaller every year. This may be explained by the fact that the Russian Orthodox Church introduced its own lovers’ day in 2008.
See also[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61590 | Petrov Zailenko
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Petrov "Petro" Zailenko, a.k.a. Pitro Zalenko, known as the "Hendy Hermit" or the "Boonville Hermit," lived in Hendy Woods State Park for more than 18 years during the 1960s and '70s in huts of his own construction consisting of redwood plank lean-tos, one of which was located on a hollowed-out tree stump.[1] [2] He subsisted on small game such as chipmunk and produce from nearby farms and obtained clothing discarded by others.[1] [3]
He was born in Russia, fought in World War II, and was wounded during the war, then entered the U.S. on a Russian trawler without authorization.[1] He was believed to be a Ukrainian Jew.[3]
Petro's date and precise place of birth is unknown. He died on August 31, 1981[1] and his ashes were scattered in Hendy Woods.[3]
1. ^ a b c d "Requiem For A Hermit: A Tree Was His Home". Retrieved 5 December 2010.
2. ^ Goldsmith, Philip (2007). Northern California Wine Country. Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 375. ISBN 1-59880-078-7.
3. ^ a b c Shapiro, Michael (10 February 2002). "Serene, epicurean Anderson Valley". Retrieved 5 December 2010. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61591 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Scincidae
Genus: Prasinohaema
Prasinohaema (Greek: "green blood") is a genus of skinks characterized by having green blood. This condition is caused by an excess buildup of the bile pigment biliverdin.[1] Prasinohaema species have plasma biliverdin concentrations approximately 1.5-30 times greater than fish species with green blood plasma and 40 times greater than humans with green jaundice.[1]
Species in the genus include:
External links[edit]
1. ^ a b Austin,C.C. and K. W. Jessing 1994 Green-blood pigmentation in lizards. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 109A (3): 619-626 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61592 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1
Protein ROCK1 PDB 1s1c.png
PDB rendering based on 1s1c.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Symbols ROCK1 ; P160ROCK; ROCK-I
External IDs OMIM601702 MGI107927 HomoloGene55899 IUPHAR: 1503 ChEMBL: 3231 GeneCards: ROCK1 Gene
EC number
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 6093 19877
Ensembl ENSG00000067900 ENSMUSG00000024290
UniProt Q13464 P70335
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005406 NM_009071
RefSeq (protein) NP_005397 NP_033097
Location (UCSC) Chr 18:
18.53 – 18.69 Mb
Chr 18:
10.06 – 10.18 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
ROCK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase also known as rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1. Other common names are ROKβ and P160ROCK. ROCK1 is a major downstream effecter of the small GTPase RhoA and is a regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton which promotes contractile force generation.[1] ROCK1 plays a role in cancer and in particular cell motility, metastasis, and angiogenesis.[1]
Gene and expression[edit]
ROCK1 is also the name of the gene that encodes the protein ROCK1, a serine/thronine kinase. ROCK1 is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of RhoA. The human ROCK1 gene is located on human chromosome 18 with specific location of 18q11.1.[2] The location of the base pair starts at 18529703 and ends at 18691812 bp and translates into 1354 amino acids.[3]
ROCK1 has a ubiquitous tissue distribution, but subcellularly it is thought to colocalize with the centrosomes. This is consistent with its function as a key modulator of cell motility, tumor cell invasion, and actin cytoskeleton organization.[3] In rats, ROCK1 is expressed in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and testis.[4][5][6]
Structure and regulation[edit]
The ROCK1 structure is a serine/threonine kinase with molecular weight of 158kDa.[3] It is a homodimer composed of a catalytic kinase domain (residues76-338)[7] located at the amino or N-terminus of the protein, a coiled-coil region(residues 425-1100)[7] containing the Rho-binding domain, and a pleckstrin-homology domain(residues 1118-1317)[7] with a cysteine-rich domain. When a substrate is absent, ROCK1 is an autoinhibited loop structure. Enzyme activity of ROCK1 is inhibited when the pleckstrin-homology and Rho-binding domains in the C-terminus independently bind to the N-terminus kinase domain. When a substrate such as GTP-bound RhoA binds to the Rho-binding region of the coiled-coil domain, the interactions between the N-terminus and the C-terminus are disrupted, thus activating the protein. Cleavage of the C-terminal inhibitory domain by caspase-3 during apoptosis can also activate the kinase.[8]
There is one other isoform of ROCK known as ROCK2. ROCK2 is located at 2p24 and is highly homologous with ROCK1 with an overall amino acid sequence identity of 65%.[7] The identity in the Rho-binding domain is 58%[7] and approximately 92%[7] in the kinase domain. The ROCK isoforms are encoded by two different identified genes and are ubiquitously expressed.[7]
GTPase-RhoA binding can increase the activity of ROCK1 by 1.5-2-fold.[9] Without RhoA binding, lipids such as arachidonic acid or sphingosine phosphorylcholine can increase ROCK1 activity 5- to 6-fold.[9][10] These two lipids interact with the pleckstrin-homology domain, thus disrupting its ability to inhibit ROCK1.[11] G-protein RhoE binds to the N-terminus of ROCK1 and inhibits its activity by preventing RhoA binding. Small G-proteins, Gem and Rad, have been shown to bind and inhibit ROCK1 funciton, but their mechanism of action is unclear.[7]
Substrates and interactions[edit]
ROCK1 phosphorylation sites are at RXXS/T or RXS/T.[7] More than 15 ROCK1 substrates have been identified and activation from these substrates most often leads to actin filament formation and cytoskeleton rearrangements.[7] MYPT-1 is involved in a pathway for smooth muscle contraction. When ROCK1 is activated by binding of GTPase RhoA it produces multiple signaling cascades. For example, RhoA is one of the downstream signaling cascades activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). ROCK1 acts as a negative regulator of VEGF endothelial cell activation and angiogensis.[12] ROCK1 activation by RhoA also promotes stabilization of F-actin, phosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain(MLC) and an increase in contractility, which plays a crucial role in tumor cell migration and metastasis.[13] This activated ROCK1 also activates LIM kinase, which, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity.[14] This depolymerization results in stabilization of actin filaments and decreased branching which promotes contraction.
Cardiac troponin is another ROCK1 substrate that upon phosphrylation causes reduction in tension in cardiac myocytes.[7] ROCK1 also acts as a suppressor of inflammatory cell migration by regulating PTEN phosphorylation and stability.
ROCK1 has a diverse range of functions in the body. It is a key regulator of actin-myosin contraction, stability, and cell polarity.[12] These contribute to many progresses such as regulation of morphology, gene transcription, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenic transformation.[1] Other functions involve smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility. These functions are activated by phosphorylation of DAPK3, GFAP, LIMK1, LIMK2, MYL9/MLC2, PFN1 and PPP1R12A.[12] Additionally, ROCK1 phosphorylates FHOD1 and acts synergistically with it to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing.[12] It is also required for centrosome positioning and centrosome-dependent exit from mitosis.[12]
ROCK1 has been shown to interact with:
Clinical significance[edit]
In humans, the main function of ROCK1 is actomyosin contractility. As mentioned before, this contributes to many proximal progresses such as regulation of morphology, motility, and cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion.[1] In addition, ROCK kinases influence more distal cellular processes including gene transcription, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenic transformation.[1] Given this diverse range of functions is not surprising that ROCK1 has been implicated in numerous aspects of cancer.[1]
Role in cancer[edit]
Recent studies have explored the role of ROCK1 in cancer with particular attention focused on cell motility, metastasis, and angiogenesis.[1] Rho GTPases such as RhoA are highly involved in morphologic changes in cells. When a tumor progresses from invasive to metastatic form it requires that they undergo these dramatic morphologic changes. Therefore, increased expression of RhoA and its downstream effector ROCK1 is often observed in human cancers. These cancers are typically more invasive and metastatic phenotypes.[19]
Increased expression of RhoA and ROCK1 in endothelial cell migration pathways can cause an increase in angiogenisis and metastatic behavior in tumor cells.[19] It has been suggested that ROCK1 either regulates the expression of angiogenic factors or ROCK1 activation facilitates angiogenesis by increasing the plasticity of the tumor. By reducing the strength of cell-cell interactions and aiding the movement of tumor cells, ROCK1 may enable endothelial cells to penetrate the tumor mass more easily.[19]
Breast cancer[edit]
Overexpression of ROCK1 and RhoA is often seen in breast cancer.[20] Activated ROCK1 phosphorylates MLC involved in actin-myosin contractility.[20] RhoA also activates focal adhesion kinase activity. Together, these two pathways create the motile and invasive phenotype of cancer cells. Breast cancers often contain regions of reduced O2 which increases the activity of hypoxia-inducilbe factors (HIFs). HIFs have been shown to activate transcription of RhoA and ROCK1 leading to cytoskeletoal changes that underlie the invasive cancer cell phenotype.[20]
ROCK1 Inhibitors in cancer therapy[edit]
ROCK1 inhibitors might be used in cancer therapy for:
• targeting of stromal rather than tumor cells[7]
• concomitant blocking of ROCK and proteasome activity in K‐Ras‐driven lung cancers [7]
• treating haematological malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukaemia(CML)[7]
ROCK1 inhibition for cancer treatment has not been approved for standard therapy use. Y27632 and Fasudil are examples of ROCK1 inhibitors. Both inhibit ROCK1 by competing with ATP for the kinase activation site. Experiments with Y26732 show it is a promising candidate as a therapeutic antihypertensive agent.[7] Fasudil has been used to characterize the role of ROCK1 in vascular function in clinical studies and has been approved for use in Japan for treatment of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.[7]
Other diseases[edit]
The ROCK1 signaling plays an important role in many diseases including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson´s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,[21] and pulmonary hypertension.[22]
See also[edit]
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rath N, Olson MF (2012). "Rho-associated kinases in tumorigenesis: re-considering ROCK inhibition for cancer therapy". EMBO Rep. 13 (10): 900–8. doi:10.1038/embor.2012.127. PMC 3463970. PMID 22964758.
2. ^ "ROCK1 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]".
3. ^ a b c "Rho-Associated, Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 1".
4. ^ Hahmann C, Schroeter T (2010). "Rho-kinase inhibitors as therapeutics: from pan inhibition to isoform selectivity". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 67 (2): 171–7. doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0189-x. PMID 19907920.
5. ^ Riento K, Ridley AJ (2003). "Rocks: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (6): 446–56. doi:10.1038/nrm1128. PMID 12778124.
6. ^ Nakagawa O, Fujisawa K, Ishizaki T, Saito Y, Nakao K, Narumiya S (1996). "ROCK-I and ROCK-II, two isoforms of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase in mice". FEBS Lett. 392 (2): 189–93. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00811-3. PMID 8772201.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Chapter 7Rho Kinase in Vascular Smooth Muscle".
8. ^ Jacobs M, Hayakawa K, Swenson L, Bellon S, Fleming M, Taslimi P, Doran J (2006). "The structure of dimeric ROCK I reveals the mechanism for ligand selectivity". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (1): 260–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M508847200. PMID 16249185.
9. ^ a b Feng J, Ito M, Kureishi Y, Ichikawa K, Amano M, Isaka N, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Kaibuchi K, Hartshorne DJ, Nakano T (1999). "Rho-associated kinase of chicken gizzard smooth muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (6): 3744–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.6.3744. PMID 9920927.
10. ^ Shirao S, Kashiwagi S, Sato M, Miwa S, Nakao F, Kurokawa T, Todoroki N-Ikeda, Mogami K, Mizukami Y, Kuriyama S, Haze K, Suzuki M, Kobayashi S (2002). "Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is a novel messenger for Rho-kinase-mediated Ca2+sensitization in the bovine cerebral artery: unimportant role for protein kinase C". Circulation Research 91 (2): 112–9. doi:10.1161/01.res.0000026057.13161.42. PMID 12142343.
11. ^ Amano M, Fukata Y, Kaibuchi K (2000). "Regulation and functions of Rho-associated kinase". Exp. Cell Res. 261 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.5046. PMID 11082274.
12. ^ a b c d e "Q13464 (ROCK1_HUMAN)".
13. ^ "Inhibition of Rho-dependent kinases ROCK I/II activates VEGF-driven retinal neovascularization and sprouting angiogenesis".
14. ^ "Entrez Gene: ROCK1 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1".
15. ^ Da Silva JS, Medina M, Zuliani C, Di Nardo A, Witke W, Dotti CG (Sep 2003). "RhoA/ROCK regulation of neuritogenesis via profilin IIa-mediated control of actin stability". J. Cell Biol. 162 (7): 1267–79. doi:10.1083/jcb.200304021. PMC 2173969. PMID 14517206.
16. ^ Riento K, Guasch RM, Garg R, Jin B, Ridley AJ (Jun 2003). "RhoE binds to ROCK I and inhibits downstream signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (12): 4219–29. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.12.4219-4229.2003. PMC 156133. PMID 12773565.
17. ^ Leung T, Chen XQ, Manser E, Lim L (Oct 1996). "The p160 RhoA-binding kinase ROK alpha is a member of a kinase family and is involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (10): 5313–27. PMC 231530. PMID 8816443.
18. ^ Fujisawa K, Fujita A, Ishizaki T, Saito Y, Narumiya S (Sep 1996). "Identification of the Rho-binding domain of p160ROCK, a Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (38): 23022–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23022. PMID 8798490.
19. ^ a b c Croft DR, Sahai E, Mavria G, Li S, Tsai J, Lee WM, Marshall CJ, Olson MF (2004). "Conditional ROCK activation in vivo induces tumor cell dissemination and angiogenesis". Cancer Res. 64 (24): 8994–9001. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2052. PMID 15604264.
20. ^ a b c Gilkes DM, Xiang L, Lee SJ, Chaturvedi P, Hubbi ME, Wirtz D, Semenza GL (2014). "Hypoxia-inducible factors mediate coordinated RhoA-ROCK1 expression and signaling in breast cancer cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111 (3): E384–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.1321510111. PMC 3903228. PMID 24324133.
21. ^ Tönges L, Frank T, Tatenhorst L, Saal KA, Koch JC, Szego ÉM, Bähr M, Weishaupt JH, Lingor P (2012). "Inhibition of rho kinase enhances survival of dopaminergic neurons and attenuates axonal loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease". Brain 135 (Pt 11): 3355–70. doi:10.1093/brain/aws254. PMC 3501973. PMID 23087045.
22. ^ Dahal BK, Kosanovic D, Pamarthi PK, Sydykov A, Lai YJ, Kast R, Schirok H, Stasch JP, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Schermuly RT (October 2010). "Therapeutic efficacy of azaindole-1 in experimental pulmonary hypertension". Eur. Respir. J. 36 (4): 808–18. doi:10.1183/09031936.00140309. PMID 20530035.
Further reading[edit]
• Riento K, Ridley AJ (2003). "Rocks: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour.". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (6): 446–56. doi:10.1038/nrm1128. PMID 12778124.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61593 | Rod Fletcher (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Rod Fletcher
Personal information
Nationality American
Listed height 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
Listed weight 194 lb (88 kg)
Career information
High school Champaign (Champaign, Illinois)
College Illinois (1949–1952)
NBA draft 1952 / Round: -- / Pick: --
Selected by the Minneapolis Lakers
Position Guard
Career highlights and awards
• Consensus first team All-American (1952)
• First team All-Big Ten (1952)
• Second team All-Big Ten (1951)
• Univ. of Illinois honored jersey
Rodney Adams "Rod" Fletcher is an American former basketball player for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who was named a consensus First Team NCAA All-American as a senior in 1951–52.[1] A 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) guard, Fletcher led the Fighting Illini to two straight Big Ten Conference championships as well as two consecutive NCAA Tournament Final Four appearances in 1951 and 1952 alongside teammate John "Red" Kerr.[2] He was a two-time All-Big Ten selection in his three varsity seasons, and at the end of his collegiate career Fletcher was selected by the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1952 NBA Draft, although he never played professionally.[2][3]
Fletcher grew up in Champaign, Illinois and attended Champaign Central High School, where he was named second team all-state as a senior in 1948 by the Champaign News Gazette.[4]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "NCAA College Basketball AP All-America Teams". Sports Reference LLC. 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
2. ^ a b "Phillip, Kerr and Fletcher Next on List of Honored Jerseys". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. September 9, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
3. ^ "All-Time Rosters". Illinois Basketball History. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
4. ^ "Boys' Basketball All-State Selections". Illinois High School Association. 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61595 | Shane Fontayne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Shane Fontayne
Birth name Michael Barakan
Also known as Mick Barakan
Born 10 May 1954
Genres Pop music
Occupation(s) Session musician, audio engineer
Instruments Guitarist
Years active 1970s–present
Associated acts Ora
Randy VanWarmer
The Other Band
Steve Forbert
Lone Justice
Merchants of Venus
Bryan Adams
Marc Cohn
Bruce Springsteen
John Waite
Shane Fontayne (born 10 May 1954, London) is the professional name of English rock guitarist Mick Barakan. Active since the 1970s, he was the guitarist for Bruce Springsteen during the 1992-1993 "Other Band" Tour, as Springsteen had disbanded his own E Street Band three years earlier.[1] During his career he has worked with Ian Hunter, Van Zant, John Waite, Chris Botti, Joe Cocker, Johnny Hallyday, Marc Cohn, Randy VanWarmer, and others.[2]
In the 1970s he was associated with Byzantium, an English psychedelic music band, and over the years has worked with a range of artists, including Steve Forbert (Little Stevie Orbit, 1980 album), Maria McKee (Maria McKee (1989 album) and later Joe Cocker (Heart & Soul, 2004 album), Richard Marx (My Own Best Enemy, 2004 album).
He has also been the guitarist for the French rocker Johnny Hallyday for his 1995 tour "Lorada tour", and 1996 concert in Las Vegas. In addition, Fontayne has been singer/songwriter Marc Cohn's touring guitarist since 1998. He has recently worked with Crosby, Stills & Nash on tour.
On 2 December 2012 Fontayne played lead electric guitar for Ann and Nancy Wilson's version of "Stairway to Heaven" during the Kennedy Center Honors ceremony for Led Zeppelin.[3]
Personal life[edit]
Fontayne was married to actress MacKenzie Phillips from 1986 to 2000, and has a son with her, born in 1987. Fontayne's older brother, Peter Barakan, is a well known music critic in Japan.[4][5]
• 1991: "Merchants of Venus"
• 2003: What Nature Intended
• 2006: Voodoo at the Mint
1. ^ Dave Marsh (2006). Bruce Springsteen on tour, 1968-2005. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 192. ISBN 1-59691-282-0.
2. ^ "Credits for Shane Fontayne". Allmusic.
3. ^ Stairway to Heaven on YouTube, December 2, 2012.
4. ^ "Mackenzie Phillips" 42 (22). People (magazine). November 28, 1994.
5. ^ Phillips hopes fractured family..., September 25, 2009.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61596 | John Sealy Townsend
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For other people of the same name, see John Townsend (disambiguation).
John Townsend
John Sealy Townsend.jpg
John Sealy Edward Townsend (1868–1957)
Born (1868-06-07)7 June 1868
Galway, County Galway, Ireland
Died 16 February 1957(1957-02-16) (aged 88)
Oxford, England
Citizenship British
Fields Physicist
Institutions University of Oxford
Alma mater Trinity College, Dublin
University of Cambridge
Academic advisors J. J. Thomson
Doctoral students Victor Albert Bailey
Henry Brose
Known for Townsend discharge
Ramsauer–Townsend effect
Townsend (unit)
Notable awards Hughes Medal (1914)
Knighthood (1941)
Sir John Sealy Edward Townsend, FRS[1] (7 June 1868 – 16 February 1957) was a mathematical physicist who conducted various studies concerning the electrical conduction of gases (concerning the kinetics of electrons and ions) and directly measured the electrical charge. He was a Wykeham Professor of physics at Oxford University.[2]
The phenomenon of the electron avalanche was discovered by him, and is known as the Townsend discharge.
He was born in Galway, County Galway, Ireland, son of Edward Townsend, a Professor of Civil Engineering at Queen's College, Galway and Judith Townsend. In 1885, he entered Trinity College Dublin and came top of the class in maths with a BA in 1890. He became a Clerk Maxwell Scholar and entered Trinity College, Cambridge,[3] where he became a research student at the same time as Ernest Rutherford. At the Cavendish laboratory, he studied under J. J. Thomson. He developed the "Townsend's collision theory". Townsend supplied important work to the electrical conductivity of gases ("Townsend discharge" circa 1897). This work determined the elementary electrical charge with the droplet method. This method was improved later by Robert Andrews Millikan.
In 1900, he became a Wykeham Professor of Physics at Oxford. In 1901, he discovered the ionization of molecules by ion impact and the dependence of the mean free path on electrons (in gases) of the energy (and his independent studies concerning the collisions between atoms and low-energy electrons in the 1920s would later be called the Ramsauer–Townsend effect). On June 11, 1903, he was elected to Fellow of the Royal Society(FRS).[1][4] He was awarded the Hughes Medal in 1914. During World War I, he researched, at Woolwich, wireless methods for the Royal Naval Air Service.
Townsend was a laboratory demonstrator when Brebis Bleaney was an undergraduate. Bleaney recounts an occasion when Townsend gathered together all the demonstrators and proceeded to refute both quantum mechanics and relativity.
Between the two world wars, Townsend led an effective small group of researchers, often Rhodes scholars, of whom some became distinguished physicists. However, by the 1930s he had become less effective. He was seen as a boring lecturer, a dogmatic supervisor, and out of touch with the wider world of physics. As the 1930s went on, no German refugees sought refuge in his laboratory, while Lindemann, Dr Lee's professor of Physics, gained eight refugee physicists, some of whom gave his department an international reputation in the world of low temperature physics. In the late 1930s, the University decided to build a new Clarendon Building and looked closely at the relations between Oxford's two physics laboratories. There was a suggestion to convert the Wykeham chair into one for theoretical physics. In 1941, Townsend's career came to an unhappy end. He had refused to support the war effort by teaching service-men, and the university appointed a visitatorial board. This found Townsend guilty of misconduct and advised him that he would be dismissed unless he agreed to resign. Townsend, knighted in January 1941, resigned in September, subject to confidentiality.[5]
He spent his retirement in Oxford, where he died in 1957 in the Acland Nursing Home.[5]
Townsend married May Georgina, also from County Galway, and they had two sons. His wife took an interest in politics, became a city councillor, and was twice Mayor of Oxford.
• The Theory of Ionisation of Gases by Collision (1910)
• Motion of Electrons in Gases (1925)
• Electricity and Radio Transmission (1943)
• Electromagnetic Waves (1951)
1. ^ a b Von Engel, A. (1957). "John Sealy Edward Townsend. 1868-1957". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 3: 256–226. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1957.0018. edit
2. ^ Bleaney, B. (2002). "Two Oxford science professors, F. Soddy and J. S. E. Townsend". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 56 (1): 83–88. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2002.0168. PMID 15773039. edit
3. ^ "Townshend, John Sealy Edward (TWNT895JS)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
4. ^ "Lists of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007". London: The Royal Society. Retrieved 18 July 2010. [dead link]
5. ^ a b , Morell, Jack. "Townsend, Sir John Sealy Edward". "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36541. edit
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61597 | Star Gazers' Stone
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Harlan House
Stargazers Stone.jpg
Star Gazers' Stone
Star Gazers' Stone is located in Pennsylvania
Star Gazers' Stone
Location Embreeville, Pennsylvania,
Rt. 162 at Star Gazer Road
Coordinates 39°56′18.9″N 75°43′56″W / 39.938583°N 75.73222°W / 39.938583; -75.73222Coordinates: 39°56′18.9″N 75°43′56″W / 39.938583°N 75.73222°W / 39.938583; -75.73222
Built 1724
Governing body Private
NRHP Reference # 85001004[1]
Star Gazers' Stone located on Star Gazers' Farm near Embreeville, Pennsylvania, USA, marks the site of a temporary observatory established in January 1764 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon which they used in their survey of the Mason-Dixon line. The stone was placed by Mason and Dixon about 700 feet (213 m) north of the Harlan House, which was used as a base of operations by Mason and Dixon through the four-and-a-half-year-long survey. Selected to be about 31 miles (50 km) west of the then southernmost point in Philadelphia, the observatory was used to determine the precise latitude of its location. The latitude of the Maryland-Pennsylvania border was then set to be 15 miles (24.1 km) south of the point in Philadelphia. The farm, including the house and stone, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1985.
Built c. 1724 near the forks of the Brandywine, the Harlan House was enlarged c.1758, and is likely the first house built in Newlin Township. The Harlan family lived in the house until 1956, and carefully preserved the location of the stone through the generations.[2]
The observatory[edit]
Mason and Dixon's survey was the final step in the resolution of a border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland that lasted over 80 years. From 1730-1738 a violent border conflict, known as Cresap's War, was fought between Pennsylvania and Maryland. In 1760 the Crown intervened, defining the border as the line of latitude 15 miles (24.1 km) south of the southernmost house in Philadelphia. The proprietors of the colonies, the Penns and Calverts, then commissioned Mason and Dixon to survey the newly established boundary.[3]
Mason and Dixon used the finest instruments of their day in the survey, including a type of telescope, the zenith sector built by John Bird, used for measuring latitude and an "equal altitude and transit" instrument for sighting survey lines, as well as a less accurate quadrant for faster rough estimates of latitude, and a chronometer built by John Harrison, used for measuring longitude. Though Harrison's chronometers later became the standard instrument for measuring longitude, the surveyors' job was mainly to measure latitude, and Mason preferred the method of lunar distance of measuring longitude to the new method.[4]
On December 9, 1763 soon after arriving in Philadelphia, the surveyors received their instructions from the joint border commission:
1st to settle the Latitude of the southernmost point of the City of Philadelphia by the Sector.
2nd to find a point by the Sector, 30 or 35 miles west from this Place, having the same latitude as the southernmost point of this City.
3rd from this Point so found to measure horizontally due South, which done to observe the Latitude of the South End of the said line by the Sector, and to proceed to run the Parallel of Latitude thru this last Point, which is to be the North Boundary of Maryland and the South Boundary of Pennsylvania.[5]
The first instruction was completed by January 6, 1764 by constructing an observatory near the Huddle-Plumstead House on Cedar Street (now named South Street) in Philadelphia, and measuring the angle of the zenith of eight stars. Rather than measure 15 miles (24 km) directly south of Philadelphia to start the survey, a westward move was needed to avoid crossing the wide Delaware River twice, and to avoid beginning the survey of the Pennsylvania-Maryland border in New Jersey.[6] The surveyors fulfilled the second instruction by January 13, as recorded in their journal:
January 7 Set out from Philadelphia with a Quadrant to find (nearby) a place in the Forks of Brandywine having the same Parallel as the Southernmost point of the City of Philadelphia.
8 Sun. Fixed on the House of Mr. John Harland's (about 31 miles West of Philadelphia) to bring our Instruments to.
9 Returned to Philadelphia
10 Prepared for moving our Instruments
11 The Observatory taken down and put with the rest of our Instruments into the wagons, except the Telescope, etc., of the Sector which was carried on the Springs (with Feather bed under it) of a single Horse chair.
12 Left Philadelphia and reached Chester
13 Lodged at Esquire Worths Arrived at Mr. Harlands and set up the sector in his Garden (inclosed in a tent), and in the Evening brought the Instrument into the Meridian, and took the following observations[7]
The Harlan House, built 1724
The new site of the observatory was near marks that had been made by surveyors from New Jersey in 1730 and 1736.[8] By February 28 Mason and Dixon had determined the latitude at Star Gazers' Stone by observing the eight stars. After making adjustments for the distance their observatory was south of Philadelphia, Mason and Dixon measure 15 miles (24.1 km) south to a point in Delaware by April 21. In the first mile measuring south from their observatory they crossed Brandywine Creek three times. They moved the observatory to this point where they measured the latitude again and remeasured back to the Star Gazers' Stone. In May and June they again measured the latitude at Star Gazers' Stone. The southern point was named the "Post mark'd west" and the Maryland-Pennsylvania border was, after a delay, measured straight west from there.[9]
Mason and Dixon returned to the house many times during the four and one-half years of the survey, often spending the winters there.[10] On January 1, 1767, Mason recorded a temperature of minus 22 degrees Fahrenheit at the farm. They returned to the observatory when they started the new task of measuring the distance of a degree of latitude in miles. They were reputed to be heavy drinkers, and local lore says that a nearby tributary of the Brandywine, Punch Run Creek, was named to commemorate their drinking.[11] At the end of the survey, the Harlan house was one of the last places they visited before returning to Britain via Philadelphia.[12]
The Harlan house and farm[edit]
Brothers George and Michael Harlan were Quakers who were born in Durham, England and immigrated to Pennsylvania about 1687 from County Down, Ireland. Michael's son George Harlan built the house in the forks of the Brandywine c.1724. In that year the Free Society of Traders sold 7,000 acres (28 km2) to Nathaniel Newlin, which became Newlin Township in Chester County. Newlin immediately sold some of the land, including 169 acres (0.68 km2) in the forks of Brandywine Creek sold to George Harlan. A son, Joel, was born to George and Mary Harlan in 1724 in Newlin Township, presumably in their new house. The house was probably the first in the township. Tax assessments in the township were first made in 1739, and until 1760, Joel's older brother John Harlan paid the taxes on the house and farm. Sometime between 1758 and 1760 Joel returned to Newlin Township after living in other locations in Chester County, took ownership of the farm and built an addition to the house. Both John's and Joel's families apparently lived in the same house, but Mason and Dixon's Journal always refers to the "John Harland farm" or simply the "Harland farm." John Harlan died by drowning in the Brandywine in 1768. The original house is two stories measuring 25 feet (7.6 m) by 16 feet (4.9 m), constructed of stone. The c.1758 addition was also constructed of stone and measures 25 feet (7.6 m) by 13 feet (4.0 m). A small frame addition was built in the nineteenth century.[13]
The Harlan family lived on site until they sold the property in 1956. In 1908 the Chester County Historical Society dug up the Star Gazers' Stone, set it in concrete, built a low stone wall around it, and placed a plaque on the new wall. At the dedication, Henry K. Harlan said that each generation of the family was taught that the Star Gazers' Stone had an important place in American history and that they should not move the stone.[14][15] Natural Lands Trust, the region's foremost land conservation organization, now owns the stone as part of its ChesLen Preserve, which is open to the public.
Joshua Harlan, son of the immigrant George Harlan, built a log cabin known as the Harlan Log House about 1715, about 12 miles (19 km) south in Kennett Township which is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
See also[edit]
2. ^ Roby
3. ^ Hubbard, Bill, Jr. (2009). American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. pp. 20–23. ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7.
4. ^ A brief history of the Mason-Dixon survey line John Mackenzie, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Delaware
5. ^ from the copy of the instructions sent by Mason to Thomas Penn on December 14 1763, quoted in Danson, p.85
6. ^ Danson, p.93
7. ^ From the Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, available online, p. 38
8. ^ Danson, p.93
9. ^ Danson, pp.96-100
10. ^ Ecenbarger, pp. 120-122
11. ^ Ecenbarger, p. 121
12. ^ Roby
13. ^ Roby
14. ^ Ecenbarger, pp. 120-122
15. ^ The Historical Society plaque near the stone is dated 1908, but Roby gives a 1931 date. Ecenbarger quotes the owner of the house giving the 1908 date.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61598 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tabiteuea Kiribati2.jpg
Satellite photograph of Tabiteuea
Location Pacific Ocean
Coordinates Coordinates: 1°21′S 174°48′E / 1.350°S 174.800°E / -1.350; 174.800
Archipelago Gilbert Islands
Area 40.33 km2 (15.57 sq mi)
Highest elevation 3 m (10 ft)
Population 4,993 (as of 2010 Census)
Density 123.8 /km2 (320.6 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups I-Kiribati 99.7%
Additional information
Capital Utiroa
Former seat Buariki
Drawing of a native of the island, showing his distinctive conical headdress; drawn by Alfred Thomas Agate
Main articles: Kiribati and Gilbert Islands
Tabiteuea is an atoll in the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati, south of the Tarawa Atoll. The atoll consists of two main islands: Eanikai in the north, Nuguti in the south, and several smaller islets in between along the eastern rim of the atoll. The atoll has a total land area of 38 km², while the lagoon measures 365 km2. The population numbered 4,899 in 2005.
While most atolls of the Gilbert Islands correspond to local government areas governed by island councils, Tabiteuea, like the main atoll Tarawa, is divided into two:
• Tabiteuea North has a land area of 26 km2 and a population of 3,600 as of 2005, distributed among twelve villages (capital Utiroa)[1]
• Tabiteuea South has a land area of 12 km2 and a population of 1,299, distributed among six villages (capital Buariki).[2]
"Tabiteuea" is Gilbertese for "land of no chiefs"; the island is traditionally egalitarian. In the late 1800s, the two islands were the site of a religious war when the populace of Tabiteuea North converted to Christianity and, led by a man called Kapu who had assembled a "hymn-singing army on a crusade", invaded and conquered Tabiteuea South, which had maintained traditional religious practice.[3]
The Battle of Drummond's Island occurred during the United States Exploring Expedition in April 1841 at Tabiteuea, then known as Drummond's Island. After one sailor from sloop USS Peacock, was captured by the islanders, the Americans decided on exacting redress for the incident. Twelve islanders were killed in the fighting and others were wounded.[4]
During the American Civil War, the Confederate States Navy steamer CSS Shenandoah visited the island on March 23, 1865 in search of United States whalers, but the whalers had fled the area. Captain James Waddell described the islanders as "of copper colour, short of statue, athletic in form, intelligent and docile" and were "without a stich of clothing".[5]
Tabiteuea Post Office opened around 1911 and was renamed Tabiteuea North around 1972. Tabiteuea South Post Office opened on 13 September 1965.[6]
1. ^ "12. Tabiteuea North" (PDF). Office of Te Beretitent - Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series. 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
2. ^ "13. Tabiteuea South" (PDF). Office of Te Beretitent - Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series. 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
3. ^ MACDONALD, Barrie, Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a history of Kiribati and Tuvalu, 2001, ISBN 982-02-0335-X, p.38
4. ^ Ellsworth, Harry A. (1974). One Hundred Eighty Landings of United States Marines 1800 to 1934. Washington D.C.: US Marines History and Museums Division. pp. 72–74.
5. ^ WADDELL, James C.S.S. Shenandoah: The Memoirs of Lieutenant Commanding James I. Waddell, 1996, ISBN 1-55750-368-0, p.143
Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 from the Navy Art Gallery |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61599 | Spiritual Counterfeits Project
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The Spiritual Counterfeits Project (also known as SCP) is a Christian evangelical parachurch organization located in Berkeley, California. Since its inception in the early 1970s, it has been involved in the fields of Christian apologetics and the Christian countercult movement. Its current president is Tal Brooke. In its role as a think tank, SCP has sought to publish evangelically-based analyses of new religious movements, New Age movements, and alternative spiritualities in light of broad cultural trends. SCP has also been at the center of two controversial US lawsuits, one involving church-state issues (Malnak v. Yogi) and the other being a religious defamation case (Lee v. Duddy).
The origins of the SCP are grounded in the Christian counterculture movement (also known as the Jesus Movement or Jesus People) of the late 1960s. In 1968 some staff members of Campus Crusade for Christ conceived of the need to contextualize the Christian message for radical and revolutionary university students. The key figures were Jack Sparks and his wife, Patrick and Karry Matrisciana (also known as Caryl Matrisciana), Fred and Jan Dyson, Weldon and Barbara Hartenburg.[1] In April 1969 Sparks and his colleagues commenced their ministry at the University of California, Berkeley.
The ministry adopted the name Christian World Liberation Front (CWLF) as a challenging counterpart to the politically revolutionary group called the Berkeley Liberation Movement. The CWLF began producing an underground newspaper called Right On. In this newspaper the CWLF staff wrote articles that expressed the Christian message in the language of revolutionary and radical politics.[2] According to Edward Plowman the CWLF had five objectives: "1. Determine the real social problems; try to right them. 2. Relate Christ to the important issues and speak out. 3. Befriend those to be reached. Identify with them. 4. Publish mountains of literature. 5. Get the people together once a week."[3]
The CWLF attracted into its membership Christians and new converts who were interested in its ministry objectives. Among those who were attracted were three men who later collaborated in the formation of the SCP: Brooks Alexander, David Fetcho (who named the ministry), and Bill Squires. Both Alexander and Fetcho were converts to Christianity from the counterculture. Alexander had participated in the psychedelic drug usage of the counterculture, was an initiate of Transcendental Meditation, and lived in the famous Haight-Ashbury community in San Francisco.[4] Fetcho had been involved with the Ananda Marga Yoga Society before converting to Christianity.[5]
CWLF splits[edit]
Sparks and the others formed the New Covenant Apostolic Order, which then became the Evangelical Orthodox Church (EOC) in 1979. In April 1987 the EOC was accepted into full communion with the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.[6]
History of SCP[edit]
In 1973 Brooks Alexander and others distributed Christian leaflets at Millennium '73, a festival held at the Houston Astrodome by Guru Maharaj Ji's Divine Light Mission.[7] That same year, Alexander, Fetcho and David Haddon launched a grass-roots campaign to oppose the practice of Transcendental Meditation in US public high schools. In 1975 the SCP was formally incorporated as an "independent Christian nonprofit organization."[8]
The four primary purposes of SCP included:
"1. To research today's spiritual movements and critique them biblically. 2. To equip Christians with the knowledge, analysis, and discernment that will enable them to understand the significance of today's spiritual explosion. 3. To suggest a Christian response which engages the church with all levels of situation. 4. To bring the good news of Jesus Christ and extend a hand of rescue to those in psycho-spiritual bondage."[9]
Transcendental Meditation[edit]
The campaign against Transcendental Meditation (TM) was premised on the grounds that transcendental meditation represented itself as a non-religious activity and was promoted as the Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI). The SCP staff maintained that transcendental meditation was not religiously neutral, and that its SCI was based on Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Hindu faith. The SCP's Right On newsletter was the first to publish portions of the TM teacher's manual, including details of the Puja ceremony.[10]
The focal point for an anti-Transcendental Meditation campaign was a civil action lawsuit No.76-431 in the US District Court of New Jersey. The lawsuit known as Malnak v. Yogi contested whether transcendental meditation was religious or not, and if the former then it could not be taught in US public high schools. The plaintiffs, which included the SCP, presented evidence to show that the initiatory ceremony of transcendental meditation (known as the puja) was religious in nature and the practice of meditation presented as SCI involved chanting Hindu mantras.[11] SCP's Brooks Alexander and Bill Squires, along with SCP's attorney Michael Woodruff, moved into the Malnak's home and provided research, fund raising, and legal support, respectively.[12]
Justice Curtis Meanor who presided over the case concluded that transcendental meditation/SCI are "religious in nature within the context of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, and the teaching thereof in the New Jersey public schools is therefore unconstitutional."[13] On February 2, 1979, the Third Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals upheld the lower court’s ruling.[14] The success of this campaign catapulted the SCP into prominence among evangelical Christians in North America and internationally.[15]
Local church controversy[edit]
In 1977 InterVarsity Press released an 80 page booklet by the SCP called The God-Men: Witness Lee and the Local Church. It was updated and released as a full-length book in 1981 as The God-Men: An Inquiry into Witness Lee and the Local Church. The book presented the results of SCP's investigations into the theology and practices of the Local Church. The SCP findings alleged that the Local Church was promulgating heresy. The dispute between the Local Church and the SCP escalated into a lawsuit for defamation that was filed in Oakland, California in December 1980 and known as Lee v. Duddy.[16]
Over a period of four and a half years the pre-trial preparations and depositions, involved expenditure that brought SCP into legal debt with their defense lawyers. The defamation trial was scheduled to commence on March 4, 1985. According to Bill Squires "the lawfirm representing us withdrew from the case" and so the decision was taken to file for a reorganizational bankruptcy in the Bankruptcy Court. Squires states, "that move imposed an immediate stay on the plaintiffs' action against us, thus ending the financial drain of litigation. On that day, SCP, while continuing its larger ministry, officially dropped out of the lawsuit."[17]
1. ^ Ronald M. Enroth, Edward E. Ericson and C. Breckinridge Peters, The Jesus People: Old-Time Religion in the Age of Aquarius (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1972), p.107.
2. ^ Donald Heinz, "The Christian World Liberation Front," in The New Religious Consciousness, Charles Y. Glock and Robert N. Bellah, eds., (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976), pp. 153–54. Also see Enroth, Ericson and Peters, Jesus People, pp. 102–106.
3. ^ Edward E. Plowman, The Jesus Movement: Accounts of Christian Revolutionaries in Action (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1972), p. 75. ISBN 0-340-16125-6
4. ^ Brooks Alexander, Reflections of an Ex, revised ed.,(Berkeley: SCP, 1984) (originally published in Right On, September 1973).
5. ^ David Fetcho, "Last Meditation/Lotus Adept," SCP Journal, 6/1 (Winter 1984), pp. 31–36.
6. ^ The full story is recounted in Peter E. Gillquist, Becoming Orthodox: A Journey to the Ancient Christian Faith (Brentwood: Wolgemuth and Hyatt, 1989). ISBN 0-943497-67-1
7. ^ David Haddon, "The Houston Report on the Festival of Maharaji," Right On (January 1974).
8. ^ J. Isamu Yamamoto, "Preface," in SCP Journal, 6/1 (Winter 1984), p. 5.
9. ^ This statement appears in the SCP Journal, 2/1 (August 1978), p. 2.
10. ^ DART, JOHN (October 29, 1977). "TM Ruled Religious, Banned in Schools". Los Angeles Times. p. 29.
11. ^ Patton, John E. (1976). The Case Against TM in the Schools. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
12. ^ Gordon, Sarah Barringer (2010). "Malnak v. Yogi: The New Age and the New Law". In Griffin, Leslie C. Law and Religion: Cases in Context. Austin, TX: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 14–16.
13. ^ TM in Court (Berkeley: SCP, 1978), p.74.
14. ^ Malnak v. Yogi., 440 F. Supp. 1284 (Dist. Court, D. New Jersey 1977).
15. ^ U.S. Court of Appeals Rules Against TM Movement at the Wayback Machine (archived March 14, 2007), New Religious Movements Up-date 3/2 (July 1979)
16. ^ Bill Squires, "The Lawsuit in Perspective," SCP Newsletter, 11/4 (November 1986), p.6.
Further reading[edit]
• "A Brief History of SCP," SCP Newsletter, 17/1 (April 1992), p. 16
• "A Brief History of the SCP," (slightly different from the account in SCP Newsletter April 1992)
• Robert Digitale, "Major Shift at Spiritual Counterfeits Project?" Christianity Today, (January 15, 1990), pp. 53–54.
• Peter D. Dresser, Research Centers Directory 1988, 12th ed (Detroit: Gale, 1988), p. 1224.
• Ronald M. Enroth, "Evangelical Orthodox Church vs. Spiritual Counterfeits: New Denomination Debates Critic over Authority," Christianity Today, (August 7, 1981), pp. 33–34.
• Donald Heinz, "The Christian World Liberation Front," in The New Religious Consciousness, Charles Y. Glock and Robert N. Bellah, eds., (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976), pp. 143–161. ISBN 0-520-03083-4
• John A. Saliba, "The Christian Response to the New Religions: A Critical Look at the Spiritual Counterfeits Project," Journal of Ecumenical Studies 18, 3 (Summer 1981), pp. 451–473.
• Tim Stafford, "The Kingdom of the Cult Watchers," Christianity Today (October 7, 1991), pp. 18–22.
Representative publications[edit]
• SCP Journal (published since April 1977–)
• SCP Newsletter (published since February 1975–)
• Frances Adeney, "The Attractive Cults and how to counter them," HIS magazine, (March 1981), pp. 22–25.
• Mark Albrecht, "UFOs: The Devil’s Chariots?" Christian Life 40/12 (April 1979),pp. 38–39, 59–60, 62, 65.
• Mark Albrecht, "Eckankar: A Classic Study of a NRM," New Religious Movements Up-Date 4/4 (December 1980), pp. 36–41.
• Mark Albrecht, "Gnosticism, Past and Present," New Religious Movements Up-Date 5, 3/4 (December 1981), pp. 19–23.
• Mark Albrecht, Reincarnation: A Christian Appraisal (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1982).
• Brooks Alexander, "The Final Threat: Apocalypse, Conspiracy, and Biblical Faith," SCP Newsletter 10/1 (January–February 1984), pp. 1, 6–8, 11–12.
• Brooks Alexander, "Theology from the Twilight Zone," Christianity Today (September 18, 1987), pp. 22–26.
• Brooks Alexander, Witchcraft Goes Mainstream (Eugene: Harvest House, 2004). ISBN 0-7369-1221-5
• Tal Brooke, Lord of the Air: Tales of a Modern Antichrist (Eugene: Harvest House, 1990).
• Tal Brooke, When The World Will Be As One: The Coming New World Order in the New Age (Eugene: Harvest House, 1989).
• Robert J. Burrows, "Americans Get Religion in the New Age," Christianity Today, (May 16, 1986), pp. 17–23.
• David Fetcho, "Disclosing the Unknown God:Evangelism to the New Religions," Update: A Quarterly Journal on New Religious Movements 6, 4 (December 1982), pp. 7–16.
• David Haddon and Vail Hamilton, TM Wants You! A Christian Response to Transcendental Meditation (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1976). ISBN 0-8010-4151-1
• Dean C. Halverson, Crystal Clear: Understanding and Reaching New Agers (Colorado Springs: NAV Press, 1990).
• Karen Hoyt & J. Isamu Yamamoto, eds., The New Age Rage (Old Tappan: Revell, 1987). ISBN 0-8007-5257-0
• Michael J. Woodruff, "Religious Freedom and the New Religions," International Review of Mission 57, 268 (October 1978),pp. 468–473.
• J. Isamu Yamamoto, The Puppet Master: An Inquiry into Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1977). ISBN 0-87784-740-1
• J. Isamu Yamamoto, Beyond Buddhism (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1982). ISBN 0-87784-990-0
SCP v. Witness Lee/Local Church[edit]
Malnak v. Yogi[edit]
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61600 | Talk:Geocentric orbit
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WikiProject Physics (Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
Not heard this term used before, though I like the idea behind it. Maybe we just need to clean up the Earth orbit article rather than move to geocentric orbits. Earth orbit is more intuitive than geocentric orbits - Taka2007 18:51, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
I agree that "earth orbit" is a bit more intuitive, however it is a slang term used to describe geocentric orbits. I would say that we should redirect "earth orbit" to "geocentric orbit" since they are synonymous, but geocentric is more scientifically correct. Both support and rebuttal of this point would be appreciated.
kf4yfd 08:40, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
Agree, the term is just "slang" and covers everything that's covered in this article, with less detail I might add. I think I might see what can be salvaged from the "Earth" article and redirect after merging. If I've been too bold just revert my changes. Radagast83 05:28, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
This page is a work in progress. More information and cleanup soon.
kf4yfd 08:40, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
I like this page. Very space dynamics oriented Subheight640 06:02, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
High Earth Orbit vs Highly Elliptical Orbit[edit]
I have corrected the existing confusion between the two terms by changing the relevant articles:
• High Earth orbit
• High Earth Orbit
• Geocentric orbit
• HEO
Here is a example of correct definitions:
A High Earth Orbit is any orbit above geosynchronous (above 35,786 km). A Highly Elliptical Orbit is an orbit of low perigee (about 1000 km) and a high apogee over 35,786 km).[1]
Some remarks:
1. High Earth Orbit and Highly Elliptical Orbit are two different things.
2. Highly Elliptical Orbits are a subset of High Earth Orbits.
3. Some High Earth Orbit satellites are not in a Highly Elliptical Orbit. An example is given in High Earth Orbit.
Morana (talk) 10:03, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
I agree with remarks 1 and 3, but is there a reference for Remark 2? An "orbit above geosynchronous" to me means that at least the mean orbital distance (if not the perigee) is above 35,786 km, not just the apogee, so a Highly Elliptical Orbit need not be a high Earth Orbit. --Roentgenium111 (talk) 17:29, 17 April 2012 (UTC) |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61601 | Talk:Names of God in Islam
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WikiProject Islam (Rated C-class, High-importance)
I find it bizarre that the pronunciation preference of a few million Egyptian/Yemenis is preferred to that of the rest of the Islamic world. The Arabic letter Jim is overwhelmingly pronounced with the sound of J as in Jinn. Even in Eqypt the correct pronunciation is used. Change! — Preceding unsigned comment added by (talk) 02:29, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
Could I use the table in this article for a report, giving Wikipedia all due credit? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kikseo (talkcontribs) 03:28, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
Yes, and you can read Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia to see how to cite the content. Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 04:03, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
99 names in the Qur'an?[edit]
Not all the 99 names of God are mentioned in the Qur'an; thus, the article should be named: the 99 names of God in Islam.
Better: the 99 Beautiful Names of God in Islam, because that is the way they are referred to: (أسماء الله الحسني) —Preceding unsigned comment added by EgyMinerva (talkcontribs) 23:08, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
I agree with changing the title from "... in the Qur'an" to "... in Islam" because all modern scholars specify that the 99 must be in the Qur'an OR the hadiths. That is you have to include the hadiths because the quote "there are ninety-nine names of God" is itself a hadith! Nowhere in the Qur'an does it say there are 99 names. Hence if you restrict yourself to only the Qur'an you must exclude the "99" quote, so the limit to 99 would become irrelevant! Eekamou (talk) 14:37, 30 August 2009 (UTC)
the name Allah is missing from the list —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ibwaheemi (talkcontribs) 21:42, 21 January 2010 (UTC)
The title is still Names of God in the Qur'an in stead of The 99 Most Beautiful Names of God in Islam. Would that be the correct title for this page? Can we move this now? Wiki-uk (talk) 16:40, 26 May 2010 (UTC)
I endorse this only on the condition that there is a cited reputable source that demonstrates this is the term used most commonly (as well as an etymological section on where this term came from) otherwise it smacks of POV and peacock terms. Also, how does this work with our naming conventions? Peter Deer (talk) 06:14, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
On page 40 Islamic desk reference by E. J. van Donzel (a condensation of the subject-matter of "The Encyclopaedia of Islam) it is stated "al-Asma' al-Husna ("The most Beautiful Names"): the words indicate the 99 Names of God, which the pious Muslim repeats and on which he meditates, usually with the help of the 99 beads of the rosary (A. subha)...". Does that help? Wiki-uk (talk) 13:58, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
After giving this issue some more thought, I have made an entry on Wikipedia:Requested moves to move this page to Names of God in Islam. Wiki-uk (talk) 13:17, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
Be warned, “He who has no knowledge of how to use a sword will injure himself.” There must be respect, care, and good intentions or an injury could occur ... This true story … Osman Baba repeated Ya-Qahhar (oh Destroyer) many times until he became obsessed by this Attribute. If he threw a piece of cotton at someone and it hit him, he would die. The people complained to Waliyuddin Kuddisa Sirruh who told them to take a piece of cotton and throw it back at the back of Osman. When it hit him he turned around and said, “Oh Waliyuddin, you have killed me”, and he died. The power was given to him by Allah because he repeated the Name. There are some who want something eagerly or impatiently and attempt to receive it by repetition of the Names without first knowing whether this would be good for them. They keep repeating without knowing. They keep saying I Want It. They do not say, “Allah, if it is good for me, let me have it.”
Page 11. ‘Ninety-Nine Names of Allah’ by Shems Friedlander and al-Hajj Shaikh Muzaffereddin ISBN 0-06-090621-9 Eekamou (talk) 13:25, 4 September 2009 (UTC)
Hey, these names are frequently sung right? Can someone tell me more about this? Mallerd (talk) 19:03, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
Not quite sung, they are recited - and placed in tune fashion either- to make listening to the names more interesting and to make learning the list easier or- because the Koran has rhyme and rhythm (and so they try to give rhyme & rhythm to the list when reciting it).[[User:Cs1kh]] (talk) 10:44, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
Austerlitz -- (talk) 12:11, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
The first is a recitation, the second a song, rather.
Austerlitz -- (talk) 12:37, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
Not quite names![edit]
Just a note, Though they are called names and are translated as names, they are actually attributes of Allah (i.e. God is called Allah and has 99 attributes that explain who/what he is like - that is why the name 'Allah' doesnt appear in the list of 99).
If someone translates the 99 names, from Arabic to English, you will notice they are all attributes that a person can call 'Allah' by (e.g. one name when translated is "the merciful", when referring to God you can say 'Allah created Adam' or you can say 'the Merciful created Adam').
I think it should be stated that the 99 'names' are actually a list of attributes that god can be called/referred to by and that explain to Muslims what they should think of god as and the only actual name is 'Allah'. [[User:Cs1kh]] (talk) 10:31, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
Other Names of Allah[edit]
Some mystics say there are a vast number of Names of God, e.g., the 12th Century Sufi Ibn Arabi: ‘But regarding Reality [al-Haqq] as the Essence of All, all attributes whatever, transcendent and immanent, may be predicated of it. Ibn Arabi says: “He, may He be exalted is named by all the names of the objects of the phenomenal world;” “Glory be to Him who is ‘meant’ by all the attributes of the Godhead and created objects,“ “Our names are His Names,“ “He is called Abu Said al Kharraz“ etc. etc.’ Page 23. Extracts from The Mystical Philosophy of Muhyud Din Ibnul Arabi by Abul E. Affifi. ISBN 0-404-56205-1/ISBN 969-432-158-1/ISBN 9780404562052. Sadly panentheism seems to be disapproved of by orthodox Islam Eekamou (talk) 23:58, 30 August 2009 (UTC)
There is no need to battle with each other for the names of Allah, because He Has many Names. When any person recites Al-Qura'n he will find many Acts Allah did, like Allah Gives life, Allah Takes life, Allah Defends believers, He Send messengers and many other Actions, with little focus anyone can derive a name for Allah describing His action. To give an example if we start from the first Surah Al-Fatiha{الحمد للة رب العالمين الرحمن الرحيم-مالك يوم الدين-اياك نعبد واياك نستعين-اهدنا الصراط المستقيم} Template:All praise goes to Allah the Lord of the worlds, the Beneficent, the Merciful, Owner of the Day of judgement, Thee (alone) we worship; Thee (alone) we ask for help, Show us the straight path by focusing on the Arabic text and translation we can derive names for Allah which are not mentioned in the popular list of 99: The first name we can derive is Al-Mehmood:المحمود: One Who Were Praised by all the second name is al-Rab: الرب: The Lord the third name is Rabul Alameen: رب العلمين: Lord of all universes the forth name is Al-Malik: المالك: The Owner the fifth name is Malik-e- yaumid: مالك يوم الدين: The owner of the judgement day and so on. Recite the Holy Qura'n and with the kowledge of the Arabic language you can derive names for Allah Almighty. Unsigned
The result of the move request was: page moved per request. GTBacchus(talk) 21:45, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
Names of God in the Qur'anNames of God in Islam
• Wiki-uk (talk) 13:14, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
• Support: seems to be a more appropriate title for the article, as established in the discussion above. Completefailure (talk) 15:21, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
False Translation?[edit]
Taqiyya is in everywhere now, right? المتكبر is so not "The Highest, The Greatest" المتكبر means Arrogant. المهيمن means Dominant not the protector.-- (talk) 14:25, 25 September 2010 (UTC)
Request for removal of a Section.[edit]
Please remove the sections starting "According to Bahá'í scholar ..." The information under these sections are irrelevant and incorrect I believe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sazakir (talkcontribs) 11:44, 5 April 2011 (UTC)
The content is verifiable and germane, so it has a place in this article. Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 12:40, 5 April 2011 (UTC)
It doesn't get added here just because you find a reference. If that is the case, this article would be impossible. Bahaism and Islam are two different religions. Put that section where it belongs. Under Bahai. — Preceding unsigned comment added by (talk) 02:03, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
Possibly rename the article?[edit]
I get the impression that "name" appears to translate to only "proper name" and not "title" or "nominative attribute" in some other languages, including the native tongues of many of this article's readers. "Name" appears to be too distinctive in other languages, while "attribute" appears too impersonal to my native-English mind. There's been some hairsplitting over the issue, and I'm wondering if the situation can be fixed by changing the article name to "Epithets of God in Islam." We would need to find sources to justify this change, and so far, I've found this one, this one, this one, and this one.
"Epithet" should cover the ground for both "name" and "attribute." Are there any other suggestions? Ian.thomson (talk) 16:31, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
Congratulations on your search for sources, but I'd still be inclined to leave the title as it is. Arabic: أسماء الله الحسنى, as given in the article, actually translates as the beautiful names of God. I'm not sure of the relevance of your opening sentence; we're writing in English, and the English word "name" is well-established here and adequately covers the meaning. If you try googling, "99 names" gets millions of hits, "99 attributes" some thousands, and "99 epithets" hardly any. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 17:07, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
Dead links[edit]
All the Qur'an links I tried are dead. Yopienso (talk) 21:48, 23 September 2012 (UTC)
List of names in the Qur'an[edit]
As someone mentioned on this talk page, no scholars claim that all 99 names are in the Qur'an; most are in the Qur'an and some are in the hadith. The list contains some terms which are not actually names. I would suggest that unless a "name" can be attested to by a reputable secondary source, it be removed from the list. MezzoMezzo (talk) 06:40, 13 January 2013 (UTC)
Nobody is interested in the discussion? MezzoMezzo (talk) 12:25, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
What names was not found in secondary sources? --Alex-engraver (talk) 15:16, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
I didn't run a check yet (wow I am responding to this rather late), but I know for a fact that no scholar of Islam says all 99 are in the Qur'an. So what I propose now is the removal of anything on the list which cannot grammatically be considered a name in the Arabic language, and that such names should not be claimed again without valid secondary sources. Most scholars say the 99 are found in a combination of the Qur'an and Hadith, which makes sense considering that the belief in 99 names comes from Hadith anyway (Qur'an Alone Muslims don't believe in the whole 99 thing as far as I know). I'm sure on Google Books we can find sources for the rest of the names found in Hadith. MezzoMezzo (talk) 12:07, 7 April 2014 (UTC)
Ok, um....WOW. Whoever added this list doesn't speak Arabic or doesn't know the grammar.
Alright first of all, a lot of the words on that list were not contained in the verses listed. I even checked the ones I memorized just to be sure. I think the claimed (false) name "Al-Mani" was an example of that but there were others.
Second of all, possession in Arabic doesn't mean a name. "jami' al-nas" is in the Qur'an for example but that doesn't mean God IS al-Jami' according to Islam; His being called that is only in relation to al-nas just like if I call myself mudir al-makhzan, I am the manager of the warehouse but my name is not Manager. That's mudaf and mudaf ilahi which is like pre-school grammar.
Third of all, a verb doesn't necessitate a noun. For example, the Qur'an says that God yuhyi (brings life) and yumit (brings death). Grammatically if I say that, it doesn't mean I said God IS muhyi (the noun for life bringer) and mumit (death bringer). Perhaps that is true according to Muslim belief but grammatically, saying that my friend Steve yugharghar ma`an (gargles water) doesn't mean his name is Gargler.
Fourth of all, things like "malik al mulk" (owner of the owned) is not only another issue of possession but also technically a repeat of "malik" which is already (correctly) on the list. Same for dhu jalal wa al-ikram, God possesses those things (dhu is a generic word for possessor) but dhu isn't a name.
Overall this list was good but because the author seemed to believe that there absolutely must be exactly 99 names in the Qur'an, there was a lot of grasping for straws that resulting in the inclusion of terms literally not a single Muslim on the face of the Earth in the 1,400 years of Islam has ever considered a name of God. Once again, secondary sources are needed to add the rest. I need to finish reformatting the table now. MezzoMezzo (talk) 12:29, 7 April 2014 (UTC)
MezzoMezzo, I think you've gone way overboard here in reducing the list of 99 names (or attributes, or whatever you want to call them ---- they're called أسماء in Arabic, which usually translates as "name") to 74. Maybe you're not through yet, and you'll add back the ones you've removed, but as it stands, your list does not agree with any known published lists (lists made by Muslims for Muslims). It seems to me your criteria involve some obscure grammatical technicalities which, in the final analysis, are relevant only to your own idiosyncratic viewpoint. I will not be surprised if someone decides to revert your changes. Please reconsider the major damage you've done to the article. Compare your current list with, for example, the Arabic Wikipedia list, or compare with any other lists you can find on the internet or in any library. I don't think you're going to find anything like the truncated version you've ended up with. Maybe you should start your own page: "The 74 Names of God according to MezzoMezzo". Thank you for your attention.--أخوها (talk) 16:00, 7 April 2014 (UTC)
I am very sorry User:أخوها but I don't think you could be more wrong; in fact, I don't know of a single traditional list by Muslims for Muslims that claims all 99 names of God are in the Qur'an and every single thing I've said above can be attested to in the Arabic language.
If you're interested in a short book on the topic which can be downloaded in PDF form on the net, then "القواعد المثلى في صفات الله وأسمائه الحسنى" by Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen is an easy ready (and it does remark that the entire 99 are not in the Qur'an).
Additionally, we can look into scholarly sources in the English language as well. Martin Parsons states on page 206 of Unveiling God (William Carey Library, 2005, 9780878084548): "Interestingly however, although most of the 99 names occur in the Qur'an..." the end of the sentence (Qur'an-Bible comparison).
Juan Eduardo Campo explains in the Encyclopedia of Islam (Infobase Publishing, 2009, 9781438126968) on page 515: "The 99 names come from three sources: directly from the Qur'an, names derived indirectly from the Qur'an (like al Basit according to Campo, which I didn't delete) and traditional names of God that are not found in the Qur'an in any form."
Susanne Enderwitz mentions in her article "The 99: Islamic Superheroes - A New Species" in Transcultural Turbulences: Towards a Multi-Sited Reading of Image Flows (Springer, 2011, 9783642183935) from pages 84 to 85 that the total number of names in both the Qur'an and Hadith actually ends up exceeding 99, something also mentioned by the Arabic author above due to the fact that in addition to the 70 or so names in the Qur'an, there are quite a few mentioned only in the hadith.
I could go on but I feel I have spent enough time at this point. Nobody is going to revert first of all because I think you and I might be the only ones interested in this page unfortunately, and second of all because what I have said is clearly correct to anyone who speaks Arabic fluently - I don't know why you insist that because Arabic Wikipedia has copy pasted exactly 99 names from the Qur'an from this Arabic site. In fact, I might add the sources above shortly just to drive the point home that copy pasting isn't a basis for making such bold claims. MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:57, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
I think you misunderstood my point. I wasn't claiming that all the names appear in the Qur'an. I know they don't. And I am aware that the number of "names" sometimes even exceeds 99. My point was that, from the point of view of traditionally accepted usage, approximately 99 "names" have been ascribed to God. Perhaps you should include in your editing of this article an explanation of your rationale for the list's reduction to 74, and to alter all references to the number "99" in the text of the article. Thank you for your attention.--أخوها (talk) 16:19, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
P.S. The name of the article is, after all, "Names of God in Islam" and not "Names of God in Islam which appear in the Qur'an". It may be of interest to you to take a look at صحيح البخاري : كتاب التوحيد where he mentions: إن لله مائة اسم إلا واحدا
--أخوها (talk) 18:19, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
P.P.S. In terms of appreciating the number 99 as traditional usage, you might also look at this. Thank you again for your attention. مع خالص الشكر والتقدير
--أخوها (talk) 18:48, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
P.P.P.S. I don't know what evidence you have for the Arabic Wikipedia having copied and pasted from this Arabic site but, curiously enough, the Arabic Wikipedia seems to enumerate only 95 of the names.--أخوها (talk) 20:31, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
You're right, I thought you were making a different point.
Anyway, while I don't think the names I removed count as names traditionally, the sources do mention different lists according to different scholars so I can understand readding them. Per the compromise you suggested on my talk page, I'll revert myself on that shortly (give me an hour or so) and then we can work on another list for names only in the hadith. In the future, we could possibly try to break off a third list of names which appear in both, though that's further down the road I guess. MezzoMezzo (talk) 02:44, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
Criteria for inclusion as a "name"[edit]
Regarding finding hadith sources for the names not specifically mentioned in the Qur'an, I've had little luck. I know they've got to be there somewhere, but I've never really done any hadith searches before and haven't as yet happened on any good search sources for that sort of thing.
Looking over some of the "names" that are not specifically spelled out in the Qur'an but are nonetheless traditionally included in the أسماء الله الحسنى , it occurs to me that some of them may have been included based on the assumption that if the Qur'an reports that God does or has done something, then it is logical to assume that he is, in fact, the "Doer" of that action. Examples:
"وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ"
َوَلَمْ يَرَوْا كَيْفَ يُبْدِئُ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ
وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَن فِي الْقُبُورِ
So far, I haven't run across any hadith that spells out this rationale for consideration as a "name", but what do you think? Could this be an assumption (if God does it, he is the "Doer") that led to the traditional inclusion of so many "names" which do not actually appear as spelled out?--أخوها (talk) 19:38, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
I'm 100% sure that was the basis as many of the names here and on Arabic Wikipedia are only the result of verbs; for example, Muhyi and Mumit don't appear in the Qur'an but it does mention that Allah yuhyi and yumit, so the operational basis is as you suggested above.
Beyond that, there are other different criteria not universally accepted. A common habit among Egyptians and Syrians is to name the person after not a name of God but ikhbar or a description; this is why you get so many Egyptian guys named Abdul-Maujood; God doesn't call Himself that, but obviously if I say God isn't maujood (existing) then I'm an atheist. Also Abdul Maqsoud, because God is what we intend when we worship. Some people flip out over those names and start screaming blasphemy, so it isn't universal.
Also, some names are disagreed over due to technical reasons. There is a hadith qudsi where the prophet Muhammad quotes God as saying, "don't curse dahr (the passing of time) because I am dahr." Some say that means Dahr is one of the names of God, others say no, it just mean that God causes the passing of time but he isn't the actual passing itself.
If we do the research directly into Qur'an and hadith I think it will take a buttload of time. What we could do, since there seems to be very little in English delving into this, is try the Arabic sources. That's normally a verifiability issue, but since there really isn't much in English, we should be able to cite Arabic sources via WP:NONENG. What do you think? MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:19, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
I agree, there seems to be not much available in English, and use of Arabic sources may be promising. However, I'm sorry to report that I haven't had much luck finding any information in Arabic sources either. However, I'm new to this field of investigation and maybe I just don't know where to look. The Arabic WP article has what I take to be a nice checklist of who does and does not mention specific "names" (just scroll down a bit on this page). I thought at first it might be tremendously helpful, but so far it's just led me to dead ends.
Since proper investigation seems to promise at this point something measurable in years (as you say, "a buttload of time"), may I suggest in the meantime that we just add mention in the body of the article the proposition that many of the "names" are, in fact, derived from verbs, and maybe add a skinny little column to the far right of the spreadsheet with a header like "verb derivation only", and then just check the "names" appropriate to that category?--أخوها (talk) 18:41, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
أخوها, that suggestion won't take as much time as the other one, but honestly I don't know how to do that. It would take some serious table skills, but I am sure there must be some sort of a noticeboard for that. I started a thread at the help desk - Wikipedia:Help_desk#Where_can_we_get_assistance_with_formatting_tables.3F - so hopefully someone can point us in the right direction (and possibly even help out). MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:40, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
Alright, some dude there recommended looking at Help:Table and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables. I don't see a reason to rush into this, so I will look at those myself a little bit later. MezzoMezzo (talk) 06:40, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
Adding a column is not so hard:
Arabic Transliteration Translationa Qur'anic usage Verb derivation only
a Can vary based on context.
Note that I also added || in the row where the cell is empty, and I changed the ending row to say colspan="6" instead of 5. The above is just an example. I don't know what is actually verb-derived and you may want a shorter heading with an explanation below the table. The use of {{Check mark}} can also be changed. PrimeHunter (talk) 12:05, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
Thank you, PrimeHunter for the example. Very helpful.
@MezzoMezzo: I hope you don't mind, but I've gone ahead and added that extra column. I will be happy to work the list from the bottom up, if you'd like to work from the top down so that we don't interfere with each other during the process. To add the "check mark" to the column, just go to the last set of "||" at the end of each entry and paste (style="text-align:center;" | {{Check mark|15}}) (without beginning and end parentheses).--أخوها (talk) 19:52, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
Changes to date: List of names of God as found in the Qur'an[edit]
Apart from renaming the additional column "Type of Reference", I've added codes: D = Direct; V = derived from Verb; A = derived from Adjective (may change later to I = from Indefinite noun). Other categories may be added as they come up. Still a work in progress. What's your opinion, MezzoMezzo? So far, so good?--أخوها (talk) 02:27, 14 April 2014 (UTC)
أخوها, it seems good so far. The table is a bit intimidating and I was actually about to log off, but what's been done so far is good. Give me about 24 hours and I will try to log on and see what I can do to help finish the process. MezzoMezzo (talk) 05:03, 14 April 2014 (UTC)
Just about done --- possible hadith source[edit]
All the names are pretty much accounted for in terms of the Qur'an, and I've come across what might be a good hadith reference for the names. It's a book called المقام الأسنى في تفسير الأسماء الحسنى and is written by الشيخ تقي الدين إبراهيم بن علي الكفعمي (ash-shaykh taqī ad-dīn ʾibrāhīm bin ʿalī al-kafʿami) who, according to the introduction, lived in the 9th century A.H. The reference is nicely arranged with a handy index on the left side of the page, and explanations are lucid and not at all difficult to read. The only thing is, I'm not sure if he is considered to be an authoritative source of hadith. I found an article in the Arabic Wikipedia, but I think it's about his father... Also, not nearly as authoritative looking (and with no apparent author), there's a general guide to the names called كتاب المقام الأسنى في تفسير أسماء الله الحسنى. In any case, I'll keep looking and also try to find out how authoritative al-kafʿami is.--أخوها (talk) 23:39, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
أخوها, I can't view the books as they're blocked here at work but I think the Arabic Wikipedia article is your man. Taqi ad Din is a nickname; the actualy author's name is Ibrahim bin Ali, the same as the guy on Arabic Wikipedia. I don't know him but if the book is from a recognized publisher then it should be fine. It would be a good place to start, at least. At home, I might be able to view it. Also at home, I have a study of the works of Ibn Arabi and I remember it includes a page where he lists the names according to him, so that could be used as an extra citation (two or three per name would be fine I think). I may or may not have the book by Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen in hard copy, I can check on that as well - he specifies what, in his opinion, is from Qur'an and which are from hadith so that could help with the hadith list. Not sure what to do about a list including names which appear in both. MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:38, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
Two or three hadith citations per name sounds really ambitious and would certainly enlarge the scope of this article. I'm not sure it's useful to maintain separate lists of what's in the Qur'an and what's in Hadith. I have deleted the Quranic reference to al-Mani' (because the reference given was not relevant at all to the word, and I couldn't find anything in the Qur'an that was relevant), and substituted a reference to al-Kaf'ami's explanation. Perhaps at this point it might be more useful to just change the column heading of "Quranic Usage" to "Qur'an/Hadith"and just substitute or add hadith references as they come up. What do you think?--أخوها (talk) 21:03, 21 April 2014 (UTC)
If someone can help us with any possible reformatting in the table, then I'm all for it. I'm still wary of being the first editor to try that. See, we have a "Qur'anic usage" column; we could just change that to "usage" but then there might not be enough space for references if it's one of those names in both sources. Won't there at least need to be an extra column? MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:23, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
I don't think we really need an extra column for hadith references, and I think the idea of changing the existing "Qur'anic usage" column title to just "Usage" is a very workable and practical idea. Adding in the Hadith sources (as I've done with "Mani'") is just a matter of the author of the source with a footnote to the book and the page. I think there will be plenty of room for both Qur'an and Hadith sources in the same column and it would look less cluttered than an extra column. Let me know if you think this is okay with you. Thanks.--أخوها (talk) 18:36, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
Yeah, I get what you're saying now. Since the sources might all just appear as numbers in brackets, it should all fit. Sorry for the lack of activity, I haven't been able to edit as much as usual lately. Everything is "tomorrow, tomorrow" so hopefully that tomorrow when I can edit for hours on end will come soon. MezzoMezzo (talk) 04:13, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
Inclusion of "Allah"[edit]
I don't think that "Allah" should be included in the list. The word simply means "God" and it is not one of the names/appellations of God (Allah). There are several references at the bottom of the article which do not list "Allah"; adding the Koran as the reference is a textbook example of original research/synthesis, and Wikipedia - for obvious reasons - can't recursively use itself (including a different language edition of itself) as a reference. - Mike Rosoft (talk) 16:50, 25 May 2014 (UTC)
• This link lists "Allah" as "the greatest name"; still, it's not one of the 99 names, but stands apart from them. (Perhaps this is what the "The Greatest Name" section means.) - Mike Rosoft (talk) 17:06, 25 May 2014 (UTC)
Table of names[edit]
It's not clear where the list of names comes from. The article should probably faithfully reproduce one such list from a scholarly source, and cite it (unless we want to do a comparison of several such lists, as Arabic Wikipedia seems to do - note: I know no Arabic). - Mike Rosoft (talk) 05:30, 26 May 2014 (UTC)
The Camel[edit]
There is a folk tradition that the hundredth and greatest name of God will be made known on the Last Day. There is a further folk tradition that the camel already knows what the greatest name is, and just won't tell it, and that is why the animal always looks so smug and superior. So, in Kim, Mahbub Ali says, "By the ninety-nine names of God, and by the hundredth that only the camel knoweth". J S Ayer (talk) 23:26, 10 August 2014 (UTC)
God's names Title change[edit]
Names belonging to God would be sufficient, names used to call on God also, but Names of God is used when you want to say 'names of gods' when there is plural, and in the case of our universe this God in question is only One. So God's names should be the title.
When you say 'names of flowers' you don't say 'names of flower' or 'names of Jeremy' because Jeremy is already a name, so is God, God is God's name is english, or rather a translation of His name, as God is not a concept, He is a being, so these are His names which He chose to describe Him to us with. Some of His names are also concepts like "Most Merciful" mercy is also a concept as it is God's name, and not a name of God, name belonging to God yes. 'of' none of you living humans really know what 'of' means, probably, there might be one.
so yes change this, this isn't shakespearean language, or Yoda's.— Preceding unsigned comment added by (talkcontribs)
In English, "Names of God," is the same as "God's names," except that the focus is on the names. If "names of God" is the singular, not the plural, and it's just as easy to pluralize "God's names" as "Gods' names." "God's names in Islam" also implies that the names exist independent of Islam.
Also, we have Names of God, Names of God in Judaism, Names of planets, Names of Germany, Names of China, Names of Japan, and many, many more. Site-wide consensus is that we go with "names of" if the article is about the names. The phrasing isn't that unnatural for widely read English speakers. Ian.thomson (talk) 17:34, 22 November 2014 (UTC) |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61603 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Saint Ternan (fifth century?) is venerated as the "Bishop of the Picts." Not much is known of his life. He may have been consecrated by St. Palladius. Some scholars believe that he may have been a monk at Culross, which had been founded by St. Serf, and that he was a contemporary of Serf. Others state that he was a follower of St. Ninian.
Ternan, is believed to have been born in Fordoun in Angus about AD 440. He established a small monastery on the north side of the River Dee near the current graveyard in what is now the town of Banchory. As well as preaching the Christian gospel, he and his followers taught the local people farming, arts and crafts.[1] Churches in Banchory and surrounding area bear the name of St Ternan.
The story of Ternan features two key artifacts, his copy of Matthew's Gospel and his bell or "Ronnecht":
The "Aberdeen Martyrology" mentions "the Gospel of Matthew belonging to St. Ternan", which was enshrined in a metal case or cumdach (book shrine)and is said to have remained in Banchory until the reformation. The bell has an altogether more interesting story. It is said to have been brought to Banchory from Rome by Ternan, and is last recorded as being transferred to the custody of Alexander Symson, vicare of Banquhoriterne in 1491. When the glebe being excavated for the railway in 1863 an old bronze bell was found. It is not clear if this really is Ternan's bell, but it now hangs on the front wall of Banchory Ternan East Church as a visible reminder of the debt that is owed to this early pioneer of Christianity in Scotland[2]
He is mentioned, along with Saints Brendan, Michael etc., in some blessings and incantations, such as the milking croon of South Uist, collected by Alexander Carmichael in the Hebrides in the 1880s.
St Ternan's feast day is June 12 and he is still celebrated on this holiday in Banchory with St Ternan's Fair which is held on the closest Saturday.
See also[edit]
1. ^ "St. Ternan", Banchory Community Website
2. ^ About Banchory - A New Descriptive and Historical Guide, Dr Gordon Walkden, 1987
External links[edit]
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61604 | Thai Town, Sydney
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Thai Town is a neighbourhood in Sydney with a Thai theme. Thaitown is located in Haymarket on Campbell Street bordering Chinatown. It consist of Thai restaurants, Thai video stores and Thai groceries. Sydney has the highest population of Thais in Australia with a population of 100,000.
Thaitown celebrates many Thai festivals such as the Songkran Festival which is held every April (Thai New Year). Thaitown formed around 2000 when cheaper rents and a reputation as a source for Thai specialty foods led Thai businesses to move into the area. It is served by Central railway station. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61605 | The Love Lottery
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The Love Lottery
"The Love Lottery" (1954).jpg
Directed by Charles Crichton
Produced by Monja Danischewsky
Written by Harry Kurnitz
Monja Danischewsky (additional dialogue and scenes)
Based on story by Charles Neilson-Terry and Zelma Bramley Moore
Starring David Niven
Peggy Cummins
Anne Vernon
Herbert Lom
Music by Benjamin Frankel
Cinematography Douglas Slocombe
Edited by Seth Holt
Distributed by Ealing Studios
Release dates
January 1954 (UK)
Running time
89 min.
Country United Kingdom
Language English
The Love Lottery (1954) is an Ealing Studios comedy film, directed by Charles Crichton and starring David Niven. The film examines celebrity and fan worship with an international setting including Lake Como, ambitious dream sequences, and a cameo appearance by Humphrey Bogart.[1]
Critical reception[edit]
1. ^ "The Love Lottery".
2. ^ "The Love Lottery". BFI.
3. ^ "The Love Lottery".
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61606 | The Night My Number Came Up
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The Night My Number Came Up
Nightmynumbercame up.jpg
Directed by Leslie Norman
Produced by Michael Balcon
Written by R. C. Sherriff
Starring Michael Redgrave
Sheila Sim
Alexander Knox
Denholm Elliott
Music by Malcolm Arnold
Cinematography Lionel Banes
Edited by Peter Tanner
Distributed by General Film Distributors (UK)
Continental Film Distributors (US)
Release dates
1955 (UK)
Running time
94 min.
Country United Kingdom
Language English
The Night My Number Came Up is a 1955 British supernatural drama film directed by Leslie Norman with the screenplay written by R. C. Sherriff. The plot is based on a real incident in the life of British Air Marshal Sir Victor Goddard; his journal being published in The Saturday Evening Post, 26 May 1951.[1] The film stars Michael Redgrave, Sheila Sim and Alexander Knox.
Plot summary[edit]
A senior Royal Air Force officer (Michael Redgrave) is at a dinner party in Hong Kong at which one of those present, (Michael Hordern), talks about a dream he had in which the Air Force Officer and a group of 12 companions are flying from Bangkok in a Dakota which crashes on a rocky shore. The Air Marshal is due to fly to Tokyo the following day, but is not disturbed because many of the details differ from his planned voyage, including using a different kind of aircraft, a Consolidated B-24 Liberator.
When problems ground the original aircraft, a Dakota airliner is substituted, the same one in the dream, and a number of other passengers arrive to make the entire crew and passengers match the dream's number of 13. Moreover, as the flight proceeds circumstances change so that eventually all the details correspond to the dream including the aircraft crashing on a rocky shore in Japan.
The Night My Number Came Up was made by J Arthur Rank at the Ealing Studios.[2]
Film critic and historian Leonard Maltin said The Night My Number Came Up, was a "... first-rate suspense film (that) will have you holding your breath as it recounts tale of routine military flight, the fate of which may or may not depend on a prophetic dream."[3]
In the Time Out review, Trevor Johnston saw The Night My Number Came Up as, "Clever plot construction, a plane-load of top British thesps, and smooth handling from director Leslie Norman (Barry's dad) all give good value." [4]
The Night My Number Came Up was nominated for four 1956 BAFTA Awards: Michael Redgrave as Best British Actor, R.C. Sherriff for Best British Screenplay and for Best Film from any Source as well as Best British Film.
1. ^ "Obituary of Sir Victor Goddard." The Times, January 1987.
2. ^ "Original print information: 'The Night My Number Came Up' (1955)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: 24 May 2015.
3. ^ Maltin., Leonard. "Leonard Maltin Movie Review: 'The Night My Number Came Up' (1955)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: 24 May 2015.
4. ^ Johnston 2004, p. 834.
• Johnston, Trevor. "The Night My Number Came Up." Time Out Film Guide. London: Time Out Guides Limited, 2004. ISBN 978-0-14101-354-1.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61607 | The Tree of Swords and Jewels
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The Tree of Swords and Jewels
First edition cover
Author C. J. Cherryh
Cover artist Michael Whelan
Country United States
Language English
Series Ealdwood Stories
Genre Fantasy novel
Published August 1983 (DAW Books)
Media type Print (paperback)
Pages 256 pp
ISBN 0-87997-850-3
Preceded by The Dreamstone
The Tree of Swords and Jewels is a 1983 fantasy novel by American science fiction and fantasy author C. J. Cherryh. It is the second of two novels in Cherryh's Ealdwood Stories series, the first being The Dreamstone. The series draws on Celtic mythology and is about Ealdwood, a forest at the edge of Faery, and Arafel, a Daoine Sidhe.[1]
The Tree of Swords and Jewels was first published in 1983 as a paperback edition by DAW Books, and featured cover art by Michael Whelan. The Dreamstone and The Tree of Swords and Jewels were later republished in three omnibuses:[2]
• Arafel's Saga (1983, DAW Books)
• The Dreaming Tree (1997, DAW Books) – includes the revisions and new ending of Ealdwood (1991)
Plot summary[edit]
In The Dreamstone Arafel, a Daoine Sidhe helps Ciaran, a halfling (half human, half elf) save Caer Wiell near to Ealdwood forest, the last remaining bastion of Faery on Earth. The Tree of Swords and Jewels continues the story ten years later, when Ciaran has married Branwyn and become Lord of Caer Wiell. All of Caer Wiell are aware of Ciaran's connections to the Sidhe, whom they fear. One day Arafel visits Ciaran and returns elf prince Liosliath's dreamstone to him, saying that she needs his help: dark forces have awakened again and have overrun part of Eald (Faery). Ciaran tells her that peace in the region is fragile: King Laochailan does not trust him, and Ciaran's brother Donnchadh of Caer Donn fears him and his elf heritage.
Arafel begins searching for those responsible for the shrinking of Eald, and discovers Duilliath, a drow (dark elf) living in Dun Gol, the site of an ancient elf battle. Dun Gol is close to Caer Donn, and Duilliath has begun influencing Donnchadh's thoughts and actions. Just as Arafel controls Caer Wiell, Duilliath controls Caer Donn. Arafel tries to coax him back to sleep again, but a duel erupts and she is injured, forcing her to retreat to Eald. Trees in Eald are dying and Arafel tries unsuccessfully to call on the departed elves for help.
When Ciaran learns that King Laochailan is ill, he tries to contact his brother, and when that fails he enters Eald to ask for Arafel's help, but finds Duilliath there. While trying to flee Eald, Ciaran is ambushed by An Beag bandits, who mortally wound him—only Liosliath's stone about his neck keeps him alive. Duilliath, with plans to expand his armies and influence, instructs Donnchadh to go to Dun na h-Eoin, kill Laochailan and install himself as king. Ciaran manages to return to Caer Wiell, where he lies on his deathbed. Upon hearing that Donnchadh is the new king, Ciaran makes one last attempt to contact Arafel and enters Eald.
One of Arafel's aides instructs Branwyn to evacuate Caer Wiell, and he takes her people to the safety of Beorc's Steading, a sanctuary hidden in a valley. In Eald, Ciaran finds his elf horse waiting for him, but they are pursued by dark elves and he flees to the sea. Dying, and with nowhere else to go, Ciaran draws on the power of his stone and is given Camhanach, a silver horn. His last act is to blow three times into the horn, which summons the Daoine Sidhe. But this act also releases Nathair Sgiathach, an ancient dragon that the Sidhe had bound to Cinniuint, the Tree of Swords and Jewels.
Nathair Sgiathach confronts a weakened Arafel and threatens to enslave her. Liosliath returns, takes over Ciaran's body, and kills Donnchadh, now occupied by Duilliath. Liosliath and several other elves rush to Arafel's assistance in Ealdwood and defeat the dragon. Liosliath and Arafel later visit Branwyn at the Steading and tell her that she is free to build her own Caer Wiell as this land has left mortal Earth. It is safe from the dark things that have burrowed again, and the drow that has returned to sleep at Dun Gol.
The Rambles cultural arts magazine described the Arafel's Saga omnibus as "an epic tale of magic and adventure" and recommended it to anyone interested in legendary Fair Folk.[3] In a review of The Dreaming Tree omnibus on the SF Site, Stephen Davis said that while Cherryh's writing is "first-rate", and he would recommend the book, he felt that the revised ending is "a bit mechanical", and found that "the final battle between good and evil, and its aftermath" is "less than satisfying".[1]
Award nominations[edit]
1. ^ a b Davis, Stephen M. (1997). "The Dreaming Tree". SF Site. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
2. ^ "Bibliography: The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
3. ^ de Bruyn, Naomi. "Arafel's Saga". Rambles. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
4. ^ "1984 Locus Awards". Locus Award. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
Cited works[edit]
Further reading[edit]
• Coulson, Robert (March 1984). "Review of The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Amazing Science Fiction 57 (6): 8.
• Green, Roland (September 1, 1983). "Review of The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Booklist 80 (1): 29.
• Gregory, Kristiana (December 25, 1983). "Review of The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Los Angeles Times 102: B6.
• Nickerson, Susan (August 1983). "Review of The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Library Journal 108 (14): 1506.
• Notkin, D. (August 1983). "Review of The Tree of Swords and Jewels". Locus 16 (8): 9.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61608 | Northern Lights (novel)
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Northern Lights
Northern Lights (novel) cover.jpg
First edition
Author Philip Pullman
Cover artist David Scutt and Pullman
Country United Kingdom
Language English
Series His Dark Materials[1]
Genre Children's fantasy novel, steampunk
Publisher Scholastic Point
Publication date
July 1995
Media type Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages 399 pp
ISBN 0-590-54178-1
OCLC 37806360
LC Class PZ7.P968 No 1995[2]
PZ7.P968 Go 1996[3]
Preceded by Once Upon a Time in the North
Followed by The Subtle Knife
Then staid the fervid wheels, and in his hand
He took the golden compasses, prepared
In God's eternal store, to circumscribe
This universe, and all created things:
One foot he centred, and the other turned
Round through the vast profundity obscure
— Book 7, lines 224–229
The novel is set in a world dominated by a theocratic international organisation, the Magisterium (also commonly called "the Church"), which actively suppresses heresy. In this world, humans' individual souls naturally exist outside of their bodies in the form of sentient "dæmons": animals that constantly accompany, aid, and comfort their humans. Children's dæmons can freely and instantaneously change their appearance into that of any creature, extant or imagined; once they reach puberty, however, all people's dæmons settle into one permanent form.
Plot summary[edit]
Lyra Belacqua, an English girl on the cusp of puberty, has been allowed to run somewhat wild with her beloved dæmon, Pantalaimon, in the grounds of Jordan College— in her world's Oxford University—for her entire life, under the guardianship of the college's Master. One day, while awaiting the arrival of her uncle, Lord Asriel, Lyra sneaks into a wardrobe, in the hopes of spying on Asriel's lecture to the college's Scholars. Moments before Asriel is scheduled to begin the lecture, she witnesses a bottle of wine being poisoned by the Master, though she successfully stops Asriel from drinking it. Asriel hastily then orders Lyra to return to her hiding place in the wardrobe a moment before the Scholars enter the room. From here, Lyra watches Asriel's lecture, thus learning of "Dust", the name given to strangely behaving elementary particles that are inexplicably attracted to adults more than children. The lecture sparks Lyra's interest in Arctic exploration when Asriel reveals groundbreaking images of a city skyline in some parallel universe that can be viewed through the northern lights. The purpose of the lecture is to convince the Scholars that other worlds exist so that they will fund Asriel's ongoing research, which the oppressive Church considers heretical.
After Asriel leaves Jordan, successful in his effort for financial backing, Lyra begins hearing rumours of the Gobblers, a mysterious group that has been kidnapping children throughout England, allegedly for the purposes of torture or experimentation. Shortly after her own friend Roger Parslow goes missing, Lyra meets Mrs Coulter, a beautiful, enchanting, and worldly woman, and eagerly agrees when invited by the Master to go and live with her. Before Lyra leaves Jordan, the Master secretly entrusts Lyra with an alethiometer, a "truth teller" which resembles a four-handed pocket watch that will truthfully answer any possible question asked by a skilled user. Although unable to read or understand its complex symbols at first, Lyra takes it with her, and gradually begins to use the device fluently over the course of the narrative — which, it is later revealed, no adult can do as well as she. Lyra believes that the Master, who tried to poison Asriel, gives Lyra the alethiometer so that she will deliver it to Asriel as a reparation, or token of apology, for the earlier attempt on his life. It later becomes clear that the Master only attempted to poison Asriel under great pressure from the Church.
After living for several weeks with Mrs Coulter, Lyra suddenly realises that Mrs Coulter is the leader of the General Oblation Board: the secret, Church-approved, child-stealing organisation that kids have been calling "the Gobblers". Horrified, Lyra flees and is rescued in London by the Gyptians, a canal-faring nomadic people whose children comprise many of Lyra's closest playmates at Jordan. The Gyptians reveal that Lord Asriel and Mrs Coulter are in fact Lyra's father and mother. The Gyptians tell Lyra the true story of her parents' history and she begins life with the Gyptians. The Gyptians have been hit hardest by the Gobblers' kidnapping activities and, during an emergency convocation of the Gyptian clans, they ultimately plan an expedition to the Arctic to rescue all of the missing children, including Roger.
On a stop in Trollesund, Lyra meets Iorek Byrnison, an outcast prince of the panserbjørne, or sapient "armoured bears". His armour, stolen from him by the villagers, is akin to his soul, and without it Iorek is bound in servitude to the village. Lyra uses her alethiometer to locate it for him and in return he—and an old friend of his, an aeronaut named Lee Scoresby—agree to help her on her quest. She also learns that Lord Asriel is now being held in exile by the panserbjørne at Svalbard.
The Trollesund consul of the witches tells the Gyptians that there is a prophecy about Lyra's destiny, which she must not know about, and that it seems the witch clans are choosing sides in preparation for some imminent war. The party consisting of Gyptians, Iorek Byrnison, Lee Scoresby, and Lyra continue moving north toward where they are told the Gobblers hold the children, at a place called Bolvangar. Guided by the alethiometer, Lyra detours at a village and finds, to her horror, a boy who has been severed from his dæmon. Lyra understands now that the Gobblers are deliberately cutting the bond between human and dæmon (a process called "intercision"): an uncanny notion equal to a human body being split from its soul. Though Lyra brings the boy back to her party, his psychological devastation overcomes him and he dies. In the Arctic wilderness, the party is then attacked by bounty hunters and Lyra, captured, is taken directly to Bolvangar: a research station for the General Oblation Board. Superficially, Bolvangar is run like a benign children's centre, complete with scheduled activities for its captured children, who are suspicious but generally compliant. At Bolvangar, Lyra locates Roger and devises a plan for all of the children to escape, knowing through the alethiometer that the Gyptian-led rescue party is still on its way. Mrs Coulter arrives, evidently as a supervisor to the facility, just as Lyra is caught spying by staff-members. The staff decide to silence Lyra through intercision, involving their newly developed dæmon-cutting guillotine; however, she is rescued at the last moment by Mrs Coulter who is shocked by her presence. Mrs Coulter then tries to coax the alethiometer away from Lyra but Lyra has switched the alethiometer case for a decoy, distracting Mrs Coulter long enough to engage the station's emergency alarm. In the ensuing commotion, Lyra sets the station on fire and leads all the children outside where they are met by Lee Scoresby, Iorek Byrnison, the Gyptians, and their new allies, the witch-clan of Serafina Pekkala. Using Lee Scoresby's hot air balloon, Lyra, Roger, and Iorek leave the scene as a battle erupts involving the Gyptians and witches against Bolvangar's mercenary guards and staff members. Lyra befriends Serafina Pekkala and later learns that all of the children have been successfully rescued from Bolvangar.
Determined to deliver the alethiometer to Lord Asriel, Lyra now directs the flying witches to tow the balloon toward Svalbard; however, Lyra falls out of the basket near Svalbard and is quickly taken prisoner by the panserbjørne in their castle. Although captive, Lyra is able to trick their usurping bear-king, Iofur Raknison, into agreeing to fight Iorek, by claiming that she is Iorek's dæmon, and that if Iofur killed Iorek, then she would become Iofur's dæmon—something no bear has and Iofur wants more than anything. Arriving at the castle to rescue Lyra, Iorek successfully kills Iofur in the fight and thus is made king himself. Lyra—now nicknamed "Lyra Silvertongue" by Iorek as a token of her ability to lie — travels onward to Lord Asriel's house of exile, accompanied by Iorek and Roger.
Despite being exiled, Lord Asriel is so influential that he has accumulated all the necessary equipment to continue his research on Dust. He explains to Lyra all he knows of Dust, including the Church's view that it is deeply sinful, his belief that Dust is somehow related to the source of all death and misery, the existence of parallel universes from which Dust originates, and his final goal: he intends to visit the other universes, find the source of Dust (and, therefore, the source of all death and misery), and ultimately destroy it, triumphantly claiming that "Death is going to die". As Lyra sleeps, Asriel leaves to fulfill his great experiment, bringing along his scientific equipment and taking Roger by force. Lyra awakes and pursues them, discovering that she has indeed brought her father what he wanted, though not in the way she thought; it was not the alethiometer he needed, but rather, it was Roger. The severing of a child's dæmon releases an enormous amount of energy, which is precisely what Lord Asriel needs to complete his task. Lyra is unable to save Roger in time though, and his death provides sufficient energy to tear a hole through the northern lights into a parallel universe, ripping the sky apart. Lord Asriel and Mrs Coulter (who catches up with him by zeppelin) face the newly revealed world and romantically embrace, but Mrs Coulter feels unable to go with Asriel and painfully declines his invitation. Without further comment, Lord Asriel walks into the new universe alone and Mrs Coulter returns the way she came. Devastated at her part in rescuing Roger only to bring him to his death, Lyra decides that Dust, contrary to what all the vicious, dishonest adults in her life have told her, may be a force of good rather than evil. She and her dæmon Pantalaimon vow to discover if this is true and to stop Asriel. They then follow him through the opening in the sky.
This concludes the first novel, with the trilogy continuing in the next book, The Subtle Knife.
• Roger Parslow: One of Lyra's friends, a boy whose family works at Jordan College. When he is kidnapped and taken north, Lyra pursues him in hopes of rescuing him. He is killed at the end of Northern Lights by Lord Asriel.
• Iorek Byrnison: Rightful king of the panserbjørne, armoured sentient bears, Iorek has been tricked out of his armour and reduced to a slave of the human village Trollesund. After Lyra helps him recover, he becomes very protective of her and joins the expedition to find the children seized by Gobblers. He gives her the name "Lyra Silvertongue" after she tricks the usurper Iofur Raknison into fighting him.
Critical reception[edit]
Adaptations and video game[edit]
A feature film adaptation of the novel, named The Golden Compass, produced by New Line Cinema with a budget of $180 million, was released on 7 December 2007. The novel was adapted by Chris Weitz, who also directed the film. Dakota Blue Richards, in her film debut, plays Lyra. The cast also includes Nicole Kidman, Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Ian McKellen, Sam Elliott, Derek Jacobi, and Christopher Lee in principal roles.
See also[edit]
8. ^ Golden Compass: Agenda Unmasked - Catholic League
External links[edit]
Preceded by
Whispers in the Graveyard
Carnegie Medal recipient
Succeeded by |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61610 | Transjordan memorandum
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The Transjordan memorandum was a British memorandum passed by the Council of the League of Nations on 16 September 1922. The memorandum described how the British government planned to implement the article of the Mandate for Palestine which allowed exclusion of Transjordan from the provisions regarding Jewish settlement.[1]
The British Mandate administration in Jerusalem only ever covered the area west of the Jordan, while the area east of the Jordan was administered by the British representative in Ma'an, Captain Alex Kirkbride[2] until the arrival in November 1920 of Abdullah bin al-Hussein, the future Emir. Article 25 of the British Mandate for Palestine stated that in the territory to the east of the Jordan River, Britain could 'postpone or withhold' the articles of the Mandate concerning a Jewish National Home:[3]
On 16 September 1922, Lord Balfour, representing the United Kingdom, reminded the Council of the League of Nations of Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine (which had been previously approved but had not yet come into effect). Article 25 allowed for the exclusion of Transjordan from unspecified provisions of the Mandate. He then told the council that the British government now proposed to carry out this article as had always been intended by the League of Nations and the British government. He then presented a memorandum for approval.[4]
The memorandum began by quoting Article 25 of the Mandate. Then it said "In pursuance of the provisions of this article, His Majesty's Government invite the Council to pass the following resolution: The following provisions of the Mandate for Palestine are not applicable to the territory known as Transjordan, which comprises all territory lying to the east of a line drawn from a point two miles west of the town of Akaba on the Gulf of that name up the centre of the Wady Araba, Dead Sea and River Jordan to its junction with the River Yarmuk: thence up the centre of that river to the Syrian frontier." Then it listed articles 4, 6, 13, 14, 22, 23, and parts of the Preamble and Articles 2, 7 and 11, and concluded with "In the application of the Mandate to Transjordan, the action which, in Palestine, is taken by the Administration of the latter country will be taken by the Administration of Transjordan under the general supervision of the Mandatory. His Majesty's Government accept full responsibility as Mandatory for Transjordan, and undertake that such provision as may be made for the administration of that territory in accordance with Article 25 of the Mandate shall be in no way inconsistent with those provisions of the Mandate which are not by this resolution declared inapplicable."[1] The council then approved the memorandum.[4]
From that point onwards, Britain administered the part west of the Jordan as Palestine, and the part east of the Jordan as Transjordan.[5] Technically they remained one mandate, but most official documents referred to them as if they were two separate mandates. In May 1923 Transjordan was granted internal self-government with Abdullah as ruler and Harry St. John Philby as chief representative.[6]
1. ^ a b League of Nations Official Journal, Nov. 1922, pp. 1390–1391.
2. ^ Avi Shlaim (2007) p 11
3. ^ 10 August 1922:- Order of Palestine created by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on 2 November 1917, (Balfour Declaration). Where article 86 of the Palestine Order In Council 1922 Shall Not Apply To Such Parts Of The Territory Comprised In Palestine To The East Of The Jordan And The Dead Sea As Shall Be Defined By Order Of The High Commissioner. Subject To The Provisions Of Article 25 Of The Mandate, The High Commissioner May Make Such Provision For The Administration Of Any Territories So Defined As Aforesaid As With The Approval Of The Secretary Of State May be prescribed. The Palestine Order of Council 1922 duly received Royal assent and Given at Our Court at Saint James's this Fourteenth day of August, 1922, in the Thirteenth Year of Our Reign.
5. ^ 12 August 1922 Britain is given the Mandate of the League of Nations to Administer Palestine.
6. ^ Avi Shlaim (2007) p. 14.
External links[edit] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61611 | List of Robin Hood (2006 TV series) episodes
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The following is a list of episodes for the 2006 Tiger Aspect Productions television series Robin Hood. The first series ran from 7 October – 30 December 2006, the second series from 6 October – 29 December 2007 and the third from 28 March – 27 June 2009.
DVD releases[edit]
Series DVD Title Episodes Release Date
1 Volume One 5 13 November 2006
Volume Two 4 22 January 2007
Volume Three 4 26 February 2007
Complete Series One 13 26 February 2007 5 June 2007 February 2007
2 Complete Series Two 13 3 November 2008 28 July 2008 2 April 2008
3 Complete Series Three 13 29 June 2009 12 Jan 2010 29 June 2010
Episode list[edit]
Series 1 (2006)[edit]
Total # Series # Title Writer Director Original air date
1 1 "Will You Tolerate This?" Dominic Minghella John McKay 7 October 2006 (2006-10-07), 7.05–7.50pm
Robin returns home from The Crusades and discovers the oppression of the new Sheriff of Nottingham. He sees Marian again, to whom he had been betrothed before he chose to leave for the Crusades.
First appearances of Allan-a-Dale, Robin Hood, Much, Will Scarlet, Guy of Gisborne, Edward, Lady Marian, the Sheriff of Nottingham, Roy and Little John
2 2 "Sheriff Got Your Tongue?" Dominic Minghella John McKay 14 October 2006 (2006-10-14), 7.00–7.45pm
While the Sheriff and Guy of Gisbourne take control of Locksley, Robin, Much, Allan and Will encounter Little John and his gang of outlaws in the forest.
3 3 "Who Shot the Sheriff?" Paul Cornell Richard Standeven 21 October 2006 (2006-10-21), 7.15–8.00pm
4 4 "Parent Hood" Mark Wadlow Richard Standeven 28 October 2006 (2006-10-28), 7.10–7.55pm
During an ambush against Guy of Gisborne, Robin Hood and the outlaws discover a baby boy abandoned in the forest. During the fight with the outlaws Gisborne's men capture Roy and drag him back to Nottingham Castle. While in a cell, Roy discovers that Gisborne fathered a child with Annie, a kitchen-girl, and that he'd lied to the mother and abandoned the child in the forest. Later, Roy is brought before the Sheriff of Nottingham and given an ultimatum: kill Robin Hood, or watch his own mother hang. Robin and the outlaws head to the castle to save Roy, only to find him riding away, supposedly having escaped. In order to lure Robin away from the others, Roy fabricates a story about the baby's mother living in Knighton. Meanwhile, Marian attempts to deliver food to a village that the Sheriff has quarantined. The guards stop her and she is only saved from reprisals by Robin and Roy's timely intervention. Robin is shot in the arm with an arrow while feeding the villagers, but he and Roy escape and are then joined by the rest of the outlaws. Later, Robin and the outlaws are given shelter in a villager's home. Marian tends to Robin's arrow wound and they discuss why he returned from the Holy Land: while defending the King against assassins, Robin was badly wounded, and by the time he'd healed the King had moved on and released Robin from service. After Robin leaves, the Sheriff orders Marian to be punished for feeding the villagers by having her hair cut on the public gallows. That night, while everyone sleeps, Roy tries to kill Robin but is foiled by Much and the others. He confesses that his mother is in danger, and Robin comes up with a plan to save her. The next day, before Roy's mother's scheduled hanging, the outlaws sneak into the castle. Allan-a-Dale finds Annie the kitchen-girl and tells her about the baby, while the others break into the dungeons to rescue Roy's mother. The Sheriff captures them and brings them to the hanging, but the proceedings are interrupted when Annie attacks Gisborne for abandoning their baby. The outlaws break free of their captors and save Roy's mother, and in the attempt Roy gives his life so that the others can escape, screaming aloud his loyalty to Robin and King Richard as the guards stab him to death. Marian helps Annie and her baby to leave Nottingham and start a new life.
Last appearance of Roy
5 5 "Turk Flu" Debbie Oates Declan O'Dwyer 4 November 2006 (2006-11-04), 7.05–7.50pm
The Sheriff holds an archery competition with a silver arrow as the prize in hope of finding Robin, but the outlaws have other plans. They ambush a slave trader who is selling Saracens to the Sheriff's mine and smuggle Allan A Dale into the cage. Allan scares the guards with a rumour of a disease, allowing Robin and the others to set the mine on fire. Before they can do this however, Little John falls into the mine. Meanwhile, in Nottingham, the slave trader arrives and informs the Sheriff of the outlaws' attack on the mine. The Sheriff and Gisborne rush to the mine, but are too late as one of the slaves, Djaq, has rescued John and the outlaws have burnt the mine. A man attempts to kill Marian to get revenge on Gisborne for killing his father, but Marian convinces him to instead win the silver arrow, melt it down into coins, and use it to feed his family. With Robin's help, he does so. After all this Djaq decides to join the outlaws.
First appearance of Djaq
6 6 "The Taxman Cometh" Richard Kurti and Bev Doyle Richard Standeven 11 November 2006 (2006-11-11), 7.00–7.45pm
When finding a man who appears to be the tax-man, Robin and his group break into Nottingham Castle to steal the mountain of Tax silver and give it back to the poor. However, they are tricked and end up locked in a room with no money in it. The sheriff rewards the tax collector for this. Marian argues with her father; reluctant to marry Sir Guy, she goes to the castle to meet a mother superior, the Abbess of Rufford, there in an attempt to become a nun. The mother superior is being held in the castle's chapel by the Sheriff, where the Sheriff is keeping the tax silver secure. Robin and his men manage to escape, whilst the 'tax-collector' and 'Mother Superior' (in fact a team of con artists) steal the silver from the chapel. They are both helped by Marian. The sheriff discovers his loss of the treasure too late. Meanwhile, Robin and his band capture the con-artists in the woods on their way to Holland. They offer to take Robin and his gang to let them go and come with them to Holland and live the high life. However, they refuse, relieve them of the treasure, and turn them out of their cart into the mud.
7 7 "Brothers in Arms" Joe Turner Declan O'Dwyer 18 November 2006 (2006-11-18), 7.15–8.00pm
A family reunion between Allan and his brother Tom turns sour when Tom and his crooked friends tag along. Meanwhile, a young couple turn up at Nottingham, asking Sir Guy of Gisbourne to marry them. Gisbourne takes a small necklace off the girl, the only thing of value she has. He then gives it as a gift to Marian, who gives it to Robin to return to the girl. When Gisbourne sees it around the girl's neck again, he suspects that Marian is in league with Robin, and gives it to a local conman named Lucky George, saying that it no longer means anything to him. The Sheriff suspects a spy in the castle is betraying his plans to Robin Hood and orders Gisbourne to set a trap. Gisbourne mistakenly suspects his own sergeant, who dies under torture. The actual culprit is Marian. Eventually Tom and his gang are taken by the Sheriff's men and hanged. In a cruel twist, the Sheriff advances the hanging by an hour, so that by the time Robin and the gang arrive for the rescue they are already too late, and Robin, finding out that Gisborne knows Marian gave the necklace back, goes to get it from Lucky George to find that he does not have it; however, among Tom's possessions is the necklace, which they stole back. While Robin eventually returns the necklace to Marian just in time for her to "prove" her innocence, Marian is forced to promise Sir Guy that—in order to protect herself and her father from the Sheriff—she will marry him the day King Richard returns from his crusade. A devastated Robin listens just outside Marian's upstairs window.
8 8 "Tattoo? What Tattoo?" Julian Mitchell Declan O'Dwyer 25 November 2006 (2006-11-25), 7.10–7.55pm
The episode begins with Robin having a nightmare about attacking a man with a tattoo oh his arm. The outlaws then humiliate Guy of Gisborne and his guests at a feast to celebrate King Richard's birthday by stealing their valuables, including an engagement ring he intended for Marian. Gisborne attempts to stop them and Robin pins him to a wall with a dagger, ripping open his sleeve and revealing a tattoo identical to the assassin's, complete with scar. The Sheriff arrives and the outlaws escape, but inadvertently leave Djaq behind, where she is captured by the Sheriff. Despite Marian's pleas otherwise, Gisborne goes in pursuit of Robin and the stolen ring. Despite his vow not to kill, Robin knocks Gisborne down and prepares to cut his throat, but the other outlaws arrive and stop him. He then tries to convince them that Gisborne is a traitor and should be executed, but the outlaws point out there's been no fair trial such as what Robin has always claimed to champion. At the castle, Djaq manages to escape her cell by using some kind of acid to weaken the bars, but is quickly recaptured. The Sheriff hires her as his new alchemist and locks her in his former alchemist's laboratory. Robin begins beating the bound Gisborne, but is pulled off and knocked unconscious by Little John. Leaving both Robin and Gisborne tied up and guarded by Much, the remaining outlaws sneak into the castle to try to rescue Djaq. She has used her alchemical skills to escape the laboratory, but is unable to escape with them and is once again recaptured. Gisborne responds to Robin's threats by mocking Robin about his 'shortage of friends' and points out that Robin is actually essentially a violent man. Robin unties him and the two men have a fistfight, with Gisborne taunting Robin about winning Marian and living in Robin's old house. At this, Robin knocks Gisbourne unconscious, but then falls back himself. Much returns with Marian and the rest of the outlaws. They get Robin back under control with Marian's help and try in vain to persuade him to exchange Gisborne for Djaq. Despite Robin's objections, the outlaws decide to go through with the exchange. The outlaws arrive with a bound Gisborne, and are soon joined by Robin, who has apparently either guessed or managed to persuade Much to tell him the location. As the prisoners are exchanged, Robin says he didn't agree to this, but has since had a change of heart. He then shouts that he will get justice on Gisborne when Richard returns, and that all he will need to do is show him Gisborne's tattoo. The Sheriff burns off the tattoo with the confiscated acid.
9 9 "A Thing or Two About Loyalty" Paul Cornell Graeme Harper 2 December 2006 (2006-12-02), 7.05–7.50pm
Lambert, a scientist, has invented a highly explosive powder known as "Greek fire", which the Sheriff wants to exploit. The Sheriff orders Lambert to be thrown into the castle dungeons until he agrees to share his project ledger. It is decided that Much will get himself thrown into the castle dungeons so he can free Lambert. Much stands in the marketplace shouting insulting remarks about Prince John and the Sheriff. He is arrested after attacking one of the Sheriff's guards. Much is dragged in front of the Sheriff before he can help Lambert. The Sheriff, recognising Much as Robin's right-hand man, appoints him as the Earl of Bonchurch. He also assigns a girl named Eve to the task of spying on Much and reporting back to the Sheriff. Robin breaks into the dungeons and asks Lambert to reveal where the ledger is. Lambert says the ledger is hidden in a water barrel outside the castle and Robin goes off to retrieve it. The Sheriff finds out that Robin knows the whereabouts of the ledger. When Gisborne returns to the castle, the Sheriff tells him about this act of "betrayal". That night, Lambert is tortured to death. Robin visits Much at his new estate and asks him to find out where the Sheriff's three barrels of Greek Fire are hidden. Marian tells Robin that Lambert is dead, and cries on his shoulder. Much is getting along very well with the servant girl Eve, who is suspected of spying on him under the Sheriff's orders. On seeing this, Marian takes him aside and asks him to tell Eve that the ledger is located in a powder barrel. Much agrees, but unknown to him, Eve has been listening at the door. Eve promises to lie to the Sheriff about the ledger's location, and helps Much to escape back into the forest. Before he leaves, he kisses her and swears to return and find her when the Sheriff is gone and justice restored. Eve tells the Sheriff that the ledger is hidden inside one of the barrels of Greek fire. Gisbourne's men are sent to look for it, and are unknowingly followed by Robin. When Gisbourne returns empty-handed, the Sheriff realises that Eve led them into a trap and immediately rides to the mountain with Gisbourne. Unfortunately for the Sheriff and Gisbourne, Robin is waiting for him, and blows up the powder with a well-placed Fire Arrow. Gisbourne is seconds from death when the cave blows up, and only just survives. A furious Sheriff orders Gisbourne to "clean up [his] mess".
10 10 "Peace? Off!" Richard Kurti and Bev Doyle Graeme Harper 9 December 2006 (2006-12-09), 6.55–7.40pm
A madman is terrorising villagers by setting fire to churches and poisoning wells. Robin rescues the man and takes him to the forest. He has strange, unusual Saracen symbols tattoed on his chest. The Sheriff has a guest, a Middle Eastern prince who is here to broker peace, and awaiting Prince John at Nottingham Castle. In the forest, Will has found the prince's wagon, which contains directions to the castle and also a strange mask, which they think is used to perform dark magic. When the madman, named Harold, sees the Saracen mask, he attacks Djaq with a knife and is close to slicing her throat. After that they keep him locked up in a cage. The Sheriff lets it be known to Gisborne that he is actually holding Prince Malik as a hostage, and has demanded a ransom from Saladin. The ransom is carried through the forest by four exotic Saracen women and their male leader. Djaq explains that the women are Saladin's finest assassins: the group are dubious about her claim, but take it more seriously when they see the lethal skills of the warrior women. The group originally assume the warriors have come to rescue Malik, but they then realise Saladin has dispatched the assassins to kill him. Harold tells the gang that it was these women who tattooed their marks on him and drove him mad. Robin and his men go to the castle to rescue Prince Malik. The assassins are about to kill Prince Malik when Robin, his men and the Sheriff engage in battle with the assassins: however, the lethal skills of the warrior women prove too much for the outlaws, and Robin and the gang are on the brink of defeat. Suddenly, Harold comes charging to their rescue and cuts the warrior women down. Malik and Harold leave together to travel back to the Holy Land, Malik promising to carry Robin's tale along with his message of peace to the Saracens.
11 11 "Dead Man Walking" Simon Ashford Graeme Harper 16 December 2006 (2006-12-16), 7.00–7.45pm
Guy of Gisbourne is out in Locksley demanding money with menace and a harder line than ever before. Guy discovers Luke the Cooper was working for Robin Hood. Luke is taken prisoner, as is Little John's son (also named John) who tries to protect him. Robin and Little John witness this. In dismay that his son has been arrested, John strikes out on his own to rescue the pair, only to be captured and taken to the dungeons himself. During the fight, he loses his two tags which identify him as one of Robin Hood's men. Robin and Alan-a-Dale disguise themselves as castle guards and take Will as a pretend prisoner to gain access to the dungeons and Little John. However, their plan is thwarted when they discover the dungeons are full and Will has to be left outside. Little John, however, has met and befriended Luke and John. Alice, his wife, is later thrown into the dungeons too and Little John reveals he is the father of John. Marian tells Robin that the tax money is leaving for London, with Guy of Gisborne guarding it. Robin plans to exchange the money for sacks of grain. Gisbourne leaves with the cart, only to discover the switch soon after leaving the castle gates. Meanwhile the Sheriff has plans for all the prisoners who have not paid their taxes - they are to be a deterrent to other non-payers in his 'Festival of Pain'. He plans to torture the prisoners in front of important local nobles, but Robin comes in just as he is about to begin. They escape, leaving the Sheriff upside-down in one of his torture machines.
12 12 "The Return of the King" Dominic Minghella Matthew Evans 23 December 2006 (2006-12-23), 6.55–7.40pm
The King is returning from the Holy Land, and Guy is planning to hold Marian to her promise for her hand in marriage. Robin, determined more than ever to find evidence of Gisborne's treason. Robin learns that Gisbourne was actually in the Holy Land, trying to kill the King. Meanwhile, Gisborne shows Marian his stately wealth. That night, Robin attempts to visit Marian again, but she is nowhere to be found and he realises what has happened - she has gone to steal Gisborne's gold. Marian is at the manor when Gisborne realises what is going on and corners her behind the door of the room she is in. Just as he is breaking down the door with an axe, Robin and the band arrive and hold Gisborne and his men to arrowpoint whilst Marian makes good her escape but Gisborne manages to stab Marian in the belly as she leaves, something Robin does not realise until he is prepared to depart. Meanwhile, Will and Alan-a-Dale, having got away with a large amount of gold, decide to treat it as 'severance pay' and leave Robin. Robin takes Marian to the cave where the men have been hiding out, and Marian and Robin at last share their true feelings. Djaq does her best to operate but in the morning, she finds that Marian's body is 'shutting down'. Finally Djaq announces that Marian needs a proper physician. Robin runs to get a doctor, who leaves a trail of bandages for the guards to follow. The doctor declares that Marian is dead. Robin grieves over Marian's body.
13 13 "A Clue: No" Dominic Minghella Matthew Evans 30 December 2006 (2006-12-30), 6.50–7.35pm
Having recovered from her wounds received in the previous episode, Marian comes very close to following through on her halfhearted promise to marry Guy of Gisborne, but after Much breaks into the wedding to protest, Marian punches Gisborne at the altar and escapes with Robin instead. While this is occurring, Sheriff Vaisey has hired an impostor of King Richard and stages a mock trial of himself to weed out disloyal nobles, almost resulting in the death of Marian's father. This plan is barely thwarted by Robin's band after Much recognizes the king as a fraud.
Series 2 (2007)[edit]
Total # Series # Title Writer Director Original air date
14 1 "Sisterhood" Dominic Minghella Ciaran Donnelly 6 October 2007 (2007-10-06), 7.30–8.15pm
The episode opens with Robin, apparently dead after being shot in the eye, being robbed by a group of nobles heading to Nottingham castle under the leadership of a mysterious blonde woman. She orders her men to get rid of the body, but Robin suddenly opens his eyes, removes the arrow and reveals an ambush. The rest of his gang appear and demand money to feed the poor, but the nobles fight back and Robin's gang retreats. The nobles continue on their way to Nottingham Castle, where the Sheriff welcomes the blonde and it is revealed that she is his sister, Davina. Marian, along with Allan and Edward, are kidnapped by Guy, who burns down Knighton hall and takes them to the castle as hostages. When Robin arrives at the castle, he is prepared to shoot Gisbourne but Marian stops him. At the castle, Guy and Marian talk briefly of their unsuccessful wedding, as Gisbourne reminds her she can't embarrass a man of his power at the altar without consequences. Robin meets a woman called Rose, actually the Sheriff's sister in disguise, tied to a stake in Nottingham market place, taking a punishment for her "children", who are actually actors. In attempting to save them, Robin is trapped and the deception is revealed. Robin is hung above a pit of snakes and hears the Sheriff and a group of black-cloaked figures discussing "Operation Sha-Mat", a plan to kill King Richard upon his return to English soil. The Sheriff has Robin lowered inch by inch into the pit, until Marian, as the Night Watchman, causes a distraction. Left alone, Robin escapes from the pit, but is stopped by Davina. In the struggle, Davina ends up in the pit and Robin and the sheriff, who has returned, try to save her. They get her out, but she has been fatally bitten and dies in her brother's arms. The Sheriff vows revenge on Robin. Robin returns to his band, as does Allan, who has been released by Guy on the condition he will be his spy in Robin's camp.
15 2 "The Booby and the Beast" Simon Ashford Ciaran Donnelly 13 October 2007 (2007-10-13), 7.30–8.15pm
In Robin's first adventure after discovering the horrible truth about operation Shah Mat (a.k.a. Checkmate, a.k.a. Kill the King), Robin decides to break into the Sheriff of Nottingham's Strong Room. Robin underestimates the Strong Room's array of deathly traps, Robin decides to think up an entirely new plan. He decides to track down the Strong Room's designers: unfortunately, Gisborne has killed most of them to ensure their silence. Robin finds the sole survivor: the now blind designer called Stephen and together, Stephen, Robin and his gang practise fighting the room's deadly traps. Back in Nottingham Castle, the Sheriff orders Marian to pander to every whim of Count Frederick (Dexter Fletcher), who has arrived to play at the casino. But Frederick then finds out that the Sheriff has a plan that will ensure he loses. Marian then gains a vital ally. He then helps Robin think up a plan to break into the Strong Room. In order to increase the Sheriff's losses Frederick agrees to lose all his winnings to the Sheriff after a given signal from Djaq, working undercover; however, the double-agent Allan has told Gisborne about Robin's plans and Gisborne doubles the traps in place. Robin gets out, sending the Sheriff into a rage; back in Sherwood Forest, Frederick gives Robin another full chest of riches to feed the needy.
16 3 "Childhood" Jason Sutton Ciaran Donnelly 20 October 2007 (2007-10-20), 7.15–8.00pm
A group of boys are captured after accidentally stumbling on Gisborne's weapons-testing site. One, Daniel, manages to escape and runs to Robin to raise the alarm. Daniel tells Robin that Gisborne has been working on an indestructible suit of armor made of Damascus steel. Gisborne takes the boys back to Locksley Manor where the Sheriff orders that they be hanged. Robin and his gang arrive to save the boys and steal the black diamonds used to create the Damascus steel. They are successful, but Daniel is captured during the scramble. The Sheriff demands an exchange: Daniel for the black diamond. The gang agrees that they will hand over the diamond in a box lined with pitch, then set light to the diamond's box with a flaming arrow and melt the rocks. Marian learns of Daniel's capture devises her own plan. She requests a night pass from the Sheriff and slips in a second paper—a release for Daniel—which is also affixed with the Sheriff's seal. Marian needs one of the outlaws to pose as a guard and take Daniel. Allan volunteers and plans to leak Robin's plan to Gisborne. Allan intentionally fails to rescue Daniel and also leaks Robin's plan to Gisborne. Robin and the Sheriff meet for the exchange. Robin hands over the box and the Sheriff removes the rocks and places them into a satchel. He then tells a concealed Gisborne that Robin is all his. Gisborne emerges in his indestructible armour. Dodging his attacks, Robin sets Gisborne's armor on fire, then holds him at sword point as he offers the Sheriff another deal: Gisborne's life for the black diamonds. The Sheriff throws the rocks to Robin, who destroys them in the fire. The episode ends with Robin Hood giving the four boys the wooden tags that signify that they are part of Robin Hood's gang. They all call out: "We Are Robin Hood."
17 4 "The Angel of Death" Julian Unthank Matthew Evans 27 October 2007 (2007-10-27), 7.15–8.00pm
The Sheriff and his sinister scientist, Joseph (Ralf Little), are testing a chemical weapon on a street in Nottingham Town and blaming the ill effects on the pestilence, but Dan Scarlett, who is in town to visit his son, Will, knows it is not the pestilence at all. Dan wants Will to become his apprentice and run the family's carpentry business. Will is frustrated that his father is blind to the good work he does as an outlaw. The men bicker about what is best for Will. Dan speaks out against the Sheriff, because he knows it is poison and not the pestilence. The Sheriff murders Dan for spreading the truth, leaving Will and his younger brother, Luke, heartbroken. Robin realises that the Sheriff is up to something and resolves to track down the source of the poison. The outlaws work tirelessly to soothe the sick, assisted by none other than Joseph, who is recording the results of his "experiment." Little John discovers a cure for the poison, an old woodman's remedy. With the sick on the mend, the outlaws head to the castle to find Will has poisoned the Sheriff and Joseph as revenge for killing his father. After making the Sheriff apologise to Nottingham for trying to poison them, Robin convinces Will to use the antidote on the Sheriff. Angry that there is a cure to his poison, Joseph lunges at Robin, then falls to his death out of a window of the castle. Robin and the outlaws return through the town to the cheers of Nottingham. In the forest, Will makes a monument in memory of his father using stones placed so that when the sun shines on them, Dan's face is seen smiling.
18 5 "Ducking and Diving" Debbie Oates Matthew Evans 3 November 2007 (2007-11-03), 7.15–8.00pm
A horrified Robin realises that his plan to capture the Sheriff's spy, Henry of Lewes, has failed because he has a traitor in his gang. Fearing for Marian's safety in the castle, Robin sets about rooting out the turncoat. His only clue is supplied by Marian: the spy's meeting place is located at the Trip To Jerusalem Inn, where the traitor outlaw sells his secrets to Gisborne. With two missions to complete Robin is relieved when Henry of Lewes arrives at the castle unconscious, his vital information about the King's landing sites remaining a mystery. Robin infiltrates the castle to silence Henry, but help arrives in the shape of wise-woman Matilda, who has known Robin since he was a baby, who has been tasked by the Sheriff to nurse Henry to health. Asking Robin to look after her heavily pregnant daughter, Matilda promises that she'll silence Henry using special herbs, but doesn't bargain upon the Sheriff making the connection with Robin Hood and putting her life in mortal peril. Robin returns to the forest with Matilda's daughter, to a confused and hurt gang: they resent being suspected of treachery and it takes all of Robin's leadership skills to rally his outlaws into helping Rosa. But then Marian arrives reporting that Matilda is about to be tried for witchcraft. The race is on to rescue her before she drowns. Robin hits Will and chases him away as a decoy, and then goes to the inn, where he finally finds the real traitor, Allan. Although he doesn't kill Allan, Robin does banish him from the gang.
19 6 "For England...!" Rob Heyland James Erskine 10 November 2007 (2007-11-10), 7.20–8.05pm
Sir Guy buys Marian several pretty silk dresses and they argue over which one she should wear. She decides on blue. The sheriff is gathering the Black Knights together to sign a pact to kill King Richard and put Prince John on the throne. Meanwhile, the traitorous Allan A Dale breaks into Locksley Manor and gets a job from Gisborne. Robin tries desperately—and fails—to stop the signing of the pact and kill the men involved. When the traitorous Lord Winchester claims Marian as payment for his signature on the pact, a horrified Sir Guy comes to her rescue, stabbing the old man in the gut and thus killing him. Sir Guy whisks Marian back to Nottingham Castle on his horse, while Robin watches dejectedly from the bushes, having arrived seconds too late to rescue her himself.
20 7 "Show Me the Money" Julian Jones James Erskine 17 November 2007 (2007-11-17), 7.05–7.50pm
Robin is determined to get hold of the Great Pact of Nottingham, written proof of the Sheriff's treason, so when lovelorn Knight, John of York passes by Robin and the gang, begging them to take pity on him and save his girl, Robin formulates a plan that will kill two birds with one stone. The Knight is sent off not only with his own money, but also some of the money that Robin's men recently took. Robin intends to rob everything back once it reaches the castle, by using York's silver to locate where the Sheriff's treasure - including the Pact - is hidden. Whilst Marian tends to Edward in the dungeons, she overhears Allan giving all of the outlaws' secret entrances and escape routes away. Robin goes to Nottingham Castle to silence Allan, but Marian sees them and begs Robin not to kill him if he loves her. He finally admits his love for her and lets Allan go. Meanwhile, Edward escapes the dungeon and rushes to the Sheriff's quarters to get the Pact from his bedroom safe. Robin comes in, also to get the Pact. The Sheriff wakes up and chases Robin out of the room. Edward and Robin meet up with the gang. As Edward and the gang flee, the Canon of Birkley steps in their path and threatens to kill Robin unless he hands over the Pact. Stepping in to defend Robin, Edward is stabbed. When Marian sees her father's body, Gisbourne tries to comfort her in her distress. Gisbourne tells her that his feelings for her are stronger than ever, then moves to kiss her but she turns away. She rushes into her room where Robin waits. She collapses to the floor and Robin rushes to console her. He asks her to come and live in the forest with him and she finally accepts. They climb out of a window, and ride off together on a horse.
Last appearance of Edward
21 8 "Get Carter!" Richard Stoneman Roger Goldby 24 November 2007 (2007-11-24), 7.15–8.00pm
Carter is an assassin hired by the Sheriff of Nottingham to retrieve the Pact of Nottingham. Carter sets out in pursuit of Robin and his men. The Sheriff sends out several guards to ransack the nearby town of Clun, hoping to draw Robin to the scene, where Carter will be waiting. As Robin's gang fights the guards, Carter arrives and kills a number of the guards, saving Robin and the village. Oblivious that Carter has been hired by the Sheriff to kill him, Robin takes a "wounded" Carter back to the camp. In Robin's absence, Carter takes all of Robin's gang hostage before Robin realises. Robin defeats Carter and learns that he holds Robin responsible for his brother's death in the Holy Land. After being told the painful truth of the incident (that his brother was a glory-hungry fool), he offers to help Robin. Djaq uses a potion to reduce Robin's breathing to a minimum, making him appear dead. At the castle gate, Guy comes out to see Robin's body. To make sure he is really dead, he draws his sword to slit Robin's neck. Just as the blow is about to be dealt, Marian bursts through the crowd. Marian tells Guy that she needs time alone to grieve her father's death. He doesn't believe her. Marian spots Much and Will running down the hall and distracts Guy by pulling him into a passionate kiss. As the Sheriff is making plans for Robin's dead body, Carter brings him back to life. Robin and Carter take the reward money and run from the room. Back at camp, the gang sees Carter off. Robin and Marian agree a truce from their bickering, and they are shown clasping hands as Carter rides away into the distance, heading for the Holy Land to help King Richard, and warn him what is going on back in England.
22 9 "Lardner's Ring" John Fay Roger Goldby 1 December 2007 (2007-12-01), 7.15–8.00pm
A wounded messenger from King Richard flees Locksley Manor, pursued by Allan and Gisbourne's men. He manages to hide a message up a tree before suffering a bad fall. Robin and Marian arrive and drive off Allan and his men. With his dying breath, the messenger tells Robin that the King needs him to recruit more men to fight in the Holy Land and utters the word "Lardner." Robin asks Marian if she will marry him. Marian agrees, and they form a plan. The Sheriff is furious at a fool whom Gisborne had hired to entertain his guests. It is revealed that the fool had revealed to the messenger that Gisborne was the new lord of Locksley and that Robin was an outlaw. Djaq tells Robin that "Lardner" might be a Saracen carrier pigeon and Robin's message of reply will take only days to get back to King Richard. Whilst the gang sets about composing a message to the King, Robin and Marian ride off to the last place they had seen saw the King's messenger, a tree. Just as they reach Lardner, the Sheriff and Gisborne arrive. The Sheriff goes back to the castle, saying, "I have an idea." Meanwhile, Marian insists that Robin act as if she was a hostage. He lowers a bound and gagged Marian from a tree on a rope, threatening to kill her. Robin gets a clear route of escape from the tree, but Marian decides to return with Gisbourne. As the outlaws escape, Will releases the pigeon. The Sheriff unleashes a hawk, which quickly dispatches the small pigeon. Will reveals that the pigeon that was killed had been a decoy, a spare prop bird provided by the fool. Lardner is given this message: "Prince John plots to steal your throne. Make peace--" these two words inserted by Djaq "--and come home immediately."
23 10 "Walkabout" Richard Kurti and Bev Doyle Matthew Evans 8 December 2007 (2007-12-08), 6.50–7.35pm
Tormented by Robin, the Sheriff finds himself sleepwalking straight into Sherwood Forest. By the time Gisborne raises the alarm, Prince John's private army is already on its way, ready to raze Nottingham to the ground at sunset. Gisborne and Marian secretly task Robin with tracking down the Sheriff in the forest. The Sheriff, meanwhile, is getting to grips with nature, and embarks on a journey of rediscovery. Little John is fooled by the Sheriff's poor-man act and brings his enemy right into the heart of the camp. At the castle, Allan finds Will and tries to apologise for his mistakes and asks if he could return to the gang, but Will tells him it's too late. Later, as the towns people arm themselves, Allan tries again to speak to Will and this time Will accepts his apology. Due to Gisborne's status as a Black Knight, he is free to flee the town with any family he may have. Jasper says that Marian can be spared as well - if Guy has married her before sundown. Marian explains that she cannot bring herself to abandon Nottingham, marriage or not. Guy decides to risk his life and stay with her in the castle, saying that if he is going to die, he is going to die at her side. As Prince John's army looms on the horizon, Marian, Gisborne, Will and Allan prepare to fight for their lives alongside the people of Nottingham. Robin comes to the rescue by capturing the Sheriff before he can leave the camp with The Great Pact. Getting him back to the castle just in time, the Sheriff angrily berates an astounded Jasper and sends the army away. He is giddy when he tells Gisborne that he has singlehandedly infiltrated Hood's camp and has retrieved The Pact - only to furiously discover that Robin has stolen the Pact back during the return to Nottingham.
24 11 "Treasure of the Nation" Simon J. Ashford Matthew Evans 15 December 2007 (2007-12-15), 7.15–8.00pm
Robin and the outlaws meet the fearsome Legrand who brings a vital message from King Richard. It turns out to be a clue leading to the "thesaurus patriae" (treasure of the nation), which must be found in two days time. Legrand informs Robin that the other half to the clue is held by a war merchant named Paxton. While they puzzle over what the clues mean, Marian arrives to inform Robin that Locksley has been turned into a garrison. Marian asks Robin to help the people of Locksley, but Robin refuses. In Locksley, Marian is unmasked by Gisbourne, who swears she will die as punishment for her treachery. Marian begs Allan for help but he refuses. Marian is then taken to the castle to await execution. The clues lead the outlaws to a cave in the forest. The Sheriff arrives and seals the cave, trapping the outlaws inside. John manages to lift the stone slab, allowing the gang to escape. Robin realises the map actually leads to a church, where they find the treasure is Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, mother of King Richard. The Sheriff attacks and the gang and Queen Eleanor escape through a trapdoor. Legrand is fatally stabbed by the Sheriff whilst trying to defend the Queen. As Marian enters the courtyard, calmly prepared to die, somebody appears on the battlements dressed as the Nightwatchman. The imposter flees and reveals himself to be Allan. Guy goes to speak to Marian in her room. Guy tells her that she was the only thing that made life in the castle bearable, and that he planned to burn the Nightwatchman costume to get rid of the once and for all. Marian thanks them and hugs them both. To return the favour, Guy asks Marian to stay in the castle. She accepts, and all is well.
25 12 "A Good Day to Die" Dominic Minghella David Evans 29 December 2007 (2007-12-29), 6.00–6.45pm
Much has arranged a birthday surprise for Robin that is interrupted by mercenaries. The realize that the mercenaries will not leave until the outlaws emerge. Guy tells Marian that he is going away and Marian is suspicious that he and the Sheriff are heading for the Holy Land. She tries to find Robin at the camp to warn him, but he is not there. She attempts to kill the Sheriff with Allan's sword, but she is overpowered by him. Gisbourne is forced to reveal that he knew that Marian was the Nightwatchman. The Sheriff, furious, tells her that Robin Hood and his friends will soon be dead. Back at the barn, Djaq and Will confess their love for each other, Little John speaks about his family and Much confesses that he feels unappreciated and misses the days when he and Robin were like brothers. Robin talks of his love for Marian. The Sheriff and Gisbourne head for the Holy Land with Marian as their prisoner. Allan goes to warn the gang of the Sheriff's plans. As the outlaws prepare to face the mercenaries, Djaq and Will share a kiss. Allan shows up and convinces Ellingham that Gisbourne has sent him to collect the prisoners to be interrogated. Halfway through the scheme, Ellingham realises that he's been hoodwinked and the outlaws are forced to fight for their lives. As the outlaws manage to fight their way free, Allan informs Robin of the Sheriff and Gisborne's plan, and that they have a captive Marian with them. Robin and his gang, including Allan, set off for the Holy Land in order to save Marian and ultimately England.
26 13 "We Are Robin Hood!" Dominic Minghella David Evans 29 December 2007 (2007-12-29), 6.45–7.30pm
The Sheriff, Gisborne and Marian arrive in the Holy Land to put the deadly Shah Mat operation into action. The Sheriff and Gisborne meet their Saracen allies: a mercenary thug, Karim, and a twisted schemer, Nasir, who is to masquerade as Saladin’s messenger and convince King Richard that Saladin wants peace. Robin and the outlaws arrive and run into Carter, from the episode "Get Carter". Robin discovers the whereabouts of the King and sets off to find his old friend and hero. However, the King believes that Robin intends to take his life. Richard doesn't execute the outlaws but instead ties them up in the desert. The King then leaves for a peace talk with Saladin. The Sheriff turns up with a captive Marian and a Black Knight spy in the King's camp. They tie Marian up to Robin and leave to kill the King. Fearing this may be their last chance, Robin and Marian begin to exchange wedding vows before Carter appears on the horizon to rescue them. The deadly meeting between the King and Saladin takes place. Karim, posing as Saladin, reveals his true and treacherous identity and attacks. However, he doesn't bargain on meeting Robin, who has taken the King's place. Their cover blown, the Sheriff and his allies retreat to the town and a furious battle breaks out. In the chaos the King disappears. King Richard saves Robin and Robin retaliates by killing Nasir. The Sheriff fires an arrow into King Richard’s back. His shot leaves Richard severely injured. The Sheriff is forced to flee when Carter pursues him, but he lures the King's bodyguard into a fatal ambush. An adamant Guy still wishes to escape back to England and take Marian for his bride, but his feelings are soon quashed when Marian refuses. Guy runs Marian through with his sword just as Robin and his men arrive. Using the King's ring for a wedding ring, Robin and Marian are married. After the vows Marian rips the sword from her body, and dies. After the burials of Carter and Marian, King Richard tells Robin of their next move and proclaims with his men, "We are Robin Hood!" Djaq and Will reveal that they have decided to stay in the Holy Land together. The four remaining outlaws then begin their way home, vowing to finish the Sheriff and Gisborne once and for all.
Last appearance of Will and Djaq; last regular appearance of Marian
Series 3 (2009)[edit]
Total # Series # Title Writer Director Original air date
27 1 "Total Eclipse" Michael Chaplin Douglas Mackinnon 28 March 2009 (2009-03-28), 6:50pm – 7:35pm
When Robin returns from the Holy Land to avenge Marian's murder, an epic battle rages between him and Gisborne, with both determined to fight to the death. Warrior priest Brother Tuck (David Harewood) arrives in Nottingham searching for Robin Hood, believing he's the only man who can unite the people of England and destroy the tyrannical reign of the Sheriff, Gisborne and Prince John. But first, he must convince a still grieving and disenchanted Robin that England is still worth fighting for.
First appearance of Tuck
28 2 "Cause and Effect" Simon J. Ashford Douglas Mackinnon 4 April 2009 (2009-04-04), 6:25pm – 7:10pm
The Sheriff sells the local village men to Irish warriors who need new army recruits, but when Robin is captured himself, can he escape execution in time to save the conscripts? Kate (Joanne Froggatt), a village girl from Locksley, tries to help the outlaws and rescue her brother, but her heroics have devastating consequences, while Gisborne's ineptitude has potentially fatal consequences when the Sheriff hands him over to Prince John's men.
First appearance of Kate
29 3 "Lost in Translation" Ryan Craig Alex Pillai 11 April 2009 (2009-04-11), 7:45pm – 8:30pm
The Sheriff turns the heat up on Robin and his gang by forcing the Abbot to accuse them of stealing from the church. The Sheriff has discovered that the Abbot had secretly translated the Latin Bible into English – a practise banned by the Pope – and thus blackmails the Abbot for his own purposes. Tuck's attempt to clear Robin's name ends with him being captured and tied to the rack. Will the gang free Tuck in time, while escaping execution themselves?
30 4 "Sins of the Father" Holly Phillips Alex Pillai 18 April 2009 (2009-04-18), 6:10pm – 6:55pm
31 5 "Let the Games Commence" Lisa Holdsworth Patrick Lau 25 April 2009 (2009-04-25), 6:15pm – 7:00pm
Gisborne is back, and he is not alone; by his side are Prince John's Elite Guards and a mysterious weapon. This time, he is determined to catch and destroy Robin Hood by any means necessary. As the gang run for their lives, Little John gets separated and ends up in a Gladiator circus facing certain death. Meanwhile, Gisborne's estranged sister, Isabella (Lara Pulver) is caught snooping around by Robin in Sherwood Forest.
First appearance of Isabella
32 6 "Do You Love Me?" Timothy Prager Patrick Lau 2 May 2009 (2009-05-02), 6:20pm – 7:05pm
Prince John (Toby Stephens) pays a long-awaited visit to Nottingham, and he is out to make trouble, longing for the coveted title of King. Gisborne and the Sheriff are assigned a royal mission which surely spells the end for one of them. Meanwhile, Robin is forced to save a wounded Kate, and Locksley from destruction.
First appearance of Prince John
33 7 "Too Hot to Handle" Chris Lang John Greening 9 May 2009 (2009-05-09), 6:15pm – 7:00pm
A heat wave hits Nottinghamshire and, when Prince John blocks all the local wells, the outlaws are forced to take desperate measures to save those at risk. Robin and Isabella's secret relationship is uncovered and Gisborne is ordered to dispose of them. Isabella proposes a life away from Nottinghamshire, prompting Robin to make a difficult choice about his future.
34 8 "The King Is Dead, Long Live the King…" John Jackson John Greening 23 May 2009 (2009-05-23), 6:35pm – 7:20pm
Last appearance of Prince John
35 9 "A Dangerous Deal" Michael Chaplin Graeme Harper 30 May 2009 (2009-05-30), 7:25pm – 8:10pm
36 10 "Bad Blood" Lisa Holdsworth Roger Goldby 6 June 2009 (2009-06-06), 6:45pm – 7:30pm
One episode appearances: Malcolm, Ghislaine, Roger and Longthorn
37 11 "The Enemy of My Enemy" Timothy Prager Graeme Harper 13 June 2009 (2009-06-13), 6:45pm – 7:30pm
The gang are shocked when Robin announces that Gisborne is joining their fight against Isabella, but can their uneasy truce survive? The pair journey to York to save their long-lost half-brother, Archer, only to find he has made a formidable enemy in the Sheriff of York.
First appearance of Archer
38 12 "Something Worth Fighting For, Part One" Ryan Craig Matthew Evans 20 June 2009 (2009-06-20), 6:45pm – 7:30pm
Isabella rounds up Locksley's men to send to Prince John, and the gang are forced to do everything they can to stop her… even taking Nottingham by force. Unfortunately, Isabella's machinations turn the gang against each other when they need unity most, and unknown to all, an old enemy is lurking in the shadows, awaiting the chance for revenge.
Last credited appearance of Allan
39 13 "Something Worth Fighting For, Part Two" Simon J. Ashford Matthew Evans 27 June 2009 (2009-06-27), 7:00pm – 7:45pm
A battle of epic proportions breaks out in Nottingham as the previous Sheriff, back for his vengeance, attacks the city with a vast and terrible army. Robin and the gang fight to defend the castle, but the Sheriff's army forces them to retreat. As the fighting becomes more desperate, will any survive this bloody final battle?
Last episode |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61612 | Viola Myers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Olympic medal record
Women’s athletics
Competitor for Canada
Bronze 1948 London 4x100 m relay
Viola Myers (born 1927) is a Canadian athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.
She competed for Canada in the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London, United Kingdom in the 4 x 100 metres where she won the bronze medal with her team mates Nancy MacKay, Diane Foster and Patricia Jones.
Sports Reference |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61616 | You are here
CX-011578: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Off-gas Treatment: Evaluation of Nano-structured Sorbents for Selective Removal of Contaminants
CX(s) Applied: B3.6
Date: 11/13/2013
Location(s): Idaho
Offices(s): Idaho Operations Office
The University of Idaho proposes to evaluate nanostructured sorbent materials for their effectiveness in removing and immobilizing contaminants for the off-gas treatment from the used nuclear fuel recycling operations. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61618 | [erlang-questions] Dangers of generating a large erlang module
Ivan Uemlianin <>
Sun Sep 29 11:29:02 CEST 2013
Dear All
I am generating some erlang code from a csv file and using the function
save_compile_and_load/2 below to load it into the running system. The
input csv is essentially a series of rules, so the outpout erlang has
roughly the same number of lines as the input has lines.
save_compile_and_load(FilePath, Text) ->
file:write_file(FilePath, Text),
{ok, ModName} = compile:file(FilePath), % <--
{module, _M} = code:load_file(ModName),
All goes well on small test files, but the files I want to use IRL are
relatively large --- around 120,000 lines.
Running on a Mac (oldish, probably with 32bit emulator), compiling (the
line marked in the code below) causes an error and crashes the VM, with
several repeats of this error message:
beam.smp(1992,0xb022b000) malloc:
*** mmap(size=913309696) failed (error code=12)
*** error: can't allocate region
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
Running on linux with (presumably) a 64bit emulator, the compile works,
but takes about 15 minutes.
I'm not especially bothered that it takes a long time, but I am worried
that this is something that could crash the whole system.
I'm looking into splitting up the code into several smaller modules, but
obviously I'd rather avoid crashing the VM.
- is compiling large files on a 64bit emulator safe? What effects could
there be on other processes?
- can I wrap the compile:file call in something so that it will bail out
if memory issues look likely (try/catch is no use)?
With thanks and best wishes
Ivan A. Uemlianin PhD
Speech Technology Research and Development
festina lente
More information about the erlang-questions mailing list |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61630 | The Top 12 Movies of 2012 (According to the Internet)
Best Movies of 2012
Earlier this year, we organized a vote between a bunch of internet film critics (and a handful of filmmakers) to come up with what they would cumulatively exalt as the best movies of all time. It’s not like we had to pull teeth or anything (we left our hammer at home), but compiling lists of the best movies of 2012 was a lot easier. People have just been giving away their opinions over the past few weeks.
While that was a large-scale project, this ones admittedly a bit fluffier. I compiled as many Best Of lists as I could from notable online movie outlets, assigned point values for the movies listed (#10 gets 1 point, #1 gets 10 points) and plugged everything into my TI-82.
It took a while to compute since I was playing this awesome game where you’re a 3-pixel wide race car and you have to avoid slamming into stuff, but the results were…
1. Zero Dark Thirty
2. The Master
3. Amour
4. Lincoln
5. Beasts of the Southern Wild
6. Cabin in the Woods
7. Django Unchained
8. Cloud Atlas
9. Holy Motors
10. Les Miserables and Moonrise Kingdom (tie)
Zero Dark completely dominated with almost 60 points more than The Master. It also appeared on more lists and in the #1 spot on more lists than any other film.
Just out of the hunt was Looper in a close horse race at the bottom of the pack, but there were also 68 unique film titles listed. So much for consensus when it comes to critics right?
On the other hand, the Rotten Tomatoes aggregate count looked nothing like this list.
Few surprises here, but it seems clear that the internet age is bringing us critics who are just as inclined to reward populist and genre work as they are the heady art of the day. Of course, the main lesson is that there were a ton of amazing movies this year. Here’s to hoping 2013 offers even more.
Read More from Scott Beggs
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61650 | (Sears. Men’s Department. At counter.)
Tim Duncan: (holding a plastic bag) Excuse me?
Saleswoman: Yes, how can I help you, sir?
Duncan: I would like to speak to your manager, please.
Saleswoman: The manager is not in today, sir. I’m the assistant manager. Is there a problem?
Duncan: I certainly hope not. I am here to return some pants that you sold me.
Saleswoman: Okay. Do you have a receipt?
Duncan: (defensive) Um, no, I don’t have a receipt.
Saleswoman: Alright. Can I see the pants?
(Duncan pulls a pair of khakis from the bag. The pants are ragged, and covered in paint. One knee has been patched up, while the other is worn through.)
Saleswoman: Uh…sir…
Duncan: These pants were much too tight and I found them very itchy. I’d like a full refund, please. And if you don’t mind, I’m in a hurry.
Saleswoman: Sir, you can’t return these pants.
Duncan: (incredulous) Wha-what do you mean I can’t return them?
Saleswoman: Sir, these pants have obviously been worn a number of times. It looks like you have also used them to paint in…
Duncan: (voice getting higher) What do you mean they’ve been worn?
Saleswoman: …not to mention that we haven’t carried this style in over two years.
Duncan: (arms in front, palms facing upwards, voice now quite high) What are you talking about? I just bought them! My friends were with me. They’ll tell you. (turns around) Robert!
(Robert Horry is trying on hats a few feet away. He walks over to the counter.)
Horry: What seems to be the problem here? Don’t tell me she is giving you a hard time about returning the pants?
Duncan: She is! Can you believe it? She is trying to say I didn’t just buy these here!
Horry: What? That’s crazy! I was with you when you bought them!
Duncan: I know! That’s what I was trying to tell her!
Saleswoman: (rolls eyes)
Horry: It wasn’t just me, either. Tony was there, too. (turns around) Tony! (looks around) Tony?
(Tony Parker is lying on his back a few feet away, yelling at a janitor with a mop.)
Parker: What iz zee meaning of zis? Zis floor iz too slipp-ah-ree! Did you not theenk to put up a sign to warn pee-pill?
Janitor: (confused) But…but I haven’t started mopping yet…
Parker: (slowly rises to feet) You are luh-kee I do not sue! (marches over to counter) What iz zee problem ‘ere, Teem? Do not tell me she iz giving you trouble about zee pants?
Duncan: She is!
Parker: But I was ‘ere when you bought zem!
Duncan: I know!
Horry: So was I!
Saleswoman: Look, guys, I know what you are trying to do here, but I am not returning those pants.
Duncan: (arms in front, palms facing upwards) Wha-what do you mean what we are trying to do?
Parker: What are you trying to say ‘ere, madame?
Saleswoman: Look…
Horry: No, you look. You sold my friend some shoddy merchandise, and you should stand by it. Unless, that is, you don’t have pants-returning privileges, Miss…(stares at name tag)…assistant manager.
Duncan: Snap!
Janitor: That was a cheap shot.
Parker: (to janitor) You stay owt of zis!
Saleswoman: (to Duncan) Look, sir, I don’t know how stupid you and your friends think…
Duncan: (eyes wide, rapidly shaking head) Ex-excuse me…did you just say my friends were stupid?
Saleswoman: No, I said I don’t know…
Horry: (arms in front, palms facing upwards) What do you mean we are stupid?
Parker: (arms in front, palms facing upwards) What does she mean?
All: (voices extremely high) What do you mean?
Saleswoman: (fists clenched, head down) Enough…
All: (spinning wildly) What does she mean? What does she mean?
Saleswoman: (shouting) ENOUGH!
(Silence. Parker continues spinning.)
Saleswoman: ALRIGHT! YOU WIN! (to Duncan) You! (slams paper down on counter) Fill out this form!
Duncan: Well, it’s about time. (fills out form)
(Parker, slightly dizzy, collapses to floor.)
Saleswoman: (opens register, slams money down on counter) Here is your $22.50, sir
Duncan: (haughty, eyes closed) Thank you.
Saleswoman: And I don’t ever want to see any of you back in this store again.
Duncan: Oh, don’t you worry about that. Let’s go, fellas.
(Parker rises to feet. The three men walk towards the exit.)
Parker: (to janitor) You should be more careful!
Janitor: (slowly shakes head)
(Duncan, Horry and Parker stand in front of the store.)
Horry: (rubs hands together) So what should we do with the money?
Duncan: Grab some lunch? How about East Side Mario’s?
Horry: But we don’t have enough for all of us!
Duncan: (rolls eyes) Oh, Robert. All those rings, but still so much to learn. Tony, do you have any of Eva’s hair with you?
Parker: (pulls Ziploc bag from purse) Always.
Duncan: Then I have a feeling the cooks at East Side’s are going to be sorry they forgot to wear their hairnets.
Horry: What do you…ohhhhhhhhhhhh!
Parker: Teem calls it ze “Bah-da-boom, bah-da-beeng”!
Horry: I’ll tell Manu to come meet us.
(All start giggling uncontrollably as they run off down the street.) |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61665 | AnimeSuki Forums
View Poll Results: Nisemonogatari - Total Series Rating
Perfect 10 17 16.67%
9 out of 10 : Excellent 38 37.25%
8 out of 10 : Very Good 23 22.55%
7 out of 10 : Good 17 16.67%
6 out of 10 : Average 3 2.94%
5 out of 10 : Below Average 2 1.96%
4 out of 10 : Poor 0 0%
3 out of 10 : Bad 0 0%
2 out of 10 : Very Bad 0 0%
1 out of 10 : Painful 2 1.96%
Voters: 102. You may not vote on this poll
Thread Tools
Old 2012-03-18, 13:29 Link #1
AnimeSuki's Mascot
Join Date: Apr 2006
Nisemonogatari - Overall Series Impressions & Total Series Rating
This thread is to be used for discussing the entire episodes of Nisemonogatari ... your thoughts about the show, overall impressions, expectations and hopes about Blu-Ray/DVD-exclusive footage etc.
A few subjects you might want to ramble on about:
• General impression of the series.
• Opinions on the overall story, writing & plot devices.
• Thoughts about the animation quality.
• Characters/Character Design
• Voice Acting
• What the show meant to you.
And so on.
Animation Quality: 1-10
Voice Actors: 1-10
Script: 1-10
Soundtrack: 1-10
Editing: 1-10
Enjoyment: 1-10
Emotional Involvement: 1-10
Average = Total Series Rating
Feel free to discuss and more importantly, have fun
Kairin is offline Reply With Quote
Old 2012-03-18, 15:45 Link #2
Cool Story Bro
Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Eating Donuts
Age: 31
Send a message via MSN to Archon_Wing
The Monogatari franchise and I have had quite a rocky relationship. At first I had dropped the series within 1 episode due to the LSD-inspired visuals and that stupid panty shot in the beginning. But after a few false starts, I found that this was a threaded story with layers of interest. It's definitely a series where the journey is more important than the destination, which is why the nature of the stories frequently end up anticlimactic; you were supposed to appreciate the interactions it took to get there.
Still, I was really unable to form any kind of attachment to the characters aside from being wacky caricatures, more akin to Family Guy but better, and man that analogy is one I'll be bringing up.
Of course, one thing that I never liked was Shaft's tendency to be unable to manage a schedule and trying to pass off half baked things as complete, while promising to fix it on bluray. While this might have been an endearing trait of them, I don't think I'll give them any preferential treatment.
So fortunately, the second incarnation of this series on anime has provided us with more semblance of effort when it comes to production values, at the very least, and offer us what Bake didn't.
Visuals: 7
"Oh, there's your budget!"
Face it, Nisemonogatari looks way better than Bake. There's much less of substituting a word for an actual scene and the character designs are definitely on the sexier side. I was also appreciative that they didn't try to blind me with text walls and the few attempts meshed well with the viewing experience. So in this area, Shaft had shown some restraint. Also, despite me disputing the fanservice was appropriate or not, Shinbo did indeed get some good shots in. Maybe a bit too much.
Of course, the series' key weakness is still lack of (or nonexistent) movement. The visuals also took a dump near the end of the series (Oh, is that why you needed more fanservice) and the finale was horrifically disappointing, but I guess they'll fix it on Bluray! Just like how they fixed the first OP.
It's very watchable still. I couldn't say this about season 1.
Audio: 8
"1,2... 1,2,3,4!"
Since you can never rely on this series for visuals, the sound department would often help a lot for this series. Props to Kamiya Hiroshi for getting those ridiculous lines across. He's just good in delivering lines in a deadpan fashion. And then there's Maaya Sakamoto that graced the series' presence with Shinobu that made her character literally come alive. I can't think of a single VA that did a bad job. Eri Kitamura was perfect for Karen, for example. And as much as I don't like Hitagi, Chiwa Saito has a pretty seductive voice.
The BGM was good for the most part, but superb during the tense moments. Of course, the series rarely fails with OPs/EDs, except Tsukushi's OP. It would seem like both series had one bad OP because they were trying too hard to be cute.
Stand out song is definitely Naisho no Hanashi, for it suited the atmosphere of the series well. Maybe a bit too well.
Plot: 7
"Master of setups, premature finish"
Sorry; dynamic content not loaded. Reload?
Characters: 4
"Do as I say, not as I do"
Sorry; dynamic content not loaded. Reload?
Misc. Enjoyment: 8
"Oh God, Shinbou is hot!"
Despite my negative attitude towards what Shinbo/Isin finds sexy, at least I can agree with them about Shinobu. It's good enough to warrant her own section, because the moment she started talking was the moment I started to really enjoy the series. Still, they shafted her anyways.
Tsubasa and Snail managed to also hold their own with few, but precious conversations. The interactions with the sisters in the earlier episodes was also far superior in creating a laugh or two. Those silly conversations have always held me around, and to me is what the franchise is all about.
Also, there definitely is a lot of meta stuff going on. It's always been a self-aware franchise, though sometimes they might have tried to be too clever. Still, where else can I find crazy head tilting? And that's why I tuned in every week.
This category was really only to talk about how hot Shinobu is- I never said I was fair; it's just that 500 year old donut loving vampires are cool.
Overall 6.5/10
I'm gonna say 7 for the poll. It was a good watch, regardless of hiccups and personal disagreements. Overall, despite the advantages over Bake, I still think that was a better show. Still, I felt the series could have (and did) go above Bake for a while, so the end result was disappointing when I perceived the show coming apart at the seams at the end. I'll probably need a break from Shaft antics for a while though.
Spoiler for A quick definition of the overall score:
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Last edited by Archon_Wing; 2012-03-18 at 22:39.
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Old 2012-03-18, 15:57 Link #3
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I can give it an 8, but it's a 7.5....
For me Bake is a lot better...(excepts visual)
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Old 2012-03-18, 19:15 Link #4
Wolf in Sheep's Clothing
Join Date: Jul 2011
Location: Orange Road
Age: 25
Animation Quality: 7
Voice Actors: 8
Script: 7
Soundtrack: 7
Enjoyment: 8
Emotional Involvement: 5
not bad, not really good either 7-8/10
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Old 2012-03-18, 20:59 Link #5
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Philippines
Age: 27
Animation 8/10
Plot 7/10
Characters 7/10------------------> Hitagi 9/10 (can't help it, I love her!)
Sound 9/10------->the 1st opening song just hooked me to the series!
Overall 8/10
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Old 2012-03-18, 23:12 Link #6
Tatsumi Saiga
Join Date: Oct 2011
Location: London
Age: 25
Animation wise I definitely thought this was on par with Bake, even though they were a bit different.
I was definitely not as pleased with the dialogue as I was with Bake, but I still loved it.
Overall I'd probably give this series an 8, maybe a 9. A big part of that for me though is knowing it will be continued, if this was the end of the (monogatari) series, it would get a lower rating.
I will be very sad not getting to wait for it every Saturday now.
The fan service aspects of Nise definitely didn't bother me because I don't like fan service, they bothered me because of how much I like the characters/settings/stories/etc in monogatari, that even if I enjoyed this particular kind of fan service, in this setting it felt like a waste of time.
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Old 2012-03-18, 23:38 Link #7
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Join Date: Feb 2009
I'm voting for 10/10 but truthfully if I'm an actual critic it actually wouldn't get this high.
Animation Quality: 10
This season is definitely better in terms of animation than Bake. Shaft clearly have the money this time to support the series. There were less cuts and the scene flowed better too. The fact that Araragi's house has a freaking Catholic church in his bathroom shows that the animators have a lot of resource to spend.
Voice Actors: 10
There are two things I can always count on with Shaft and one of them is choice of voice actors. There is never an instance where I doubted the choices they made in this department. Before the series started there was this huge debate whether or not Aya Hirano was going to get the part of Shinobu. In the end Maaya Sakamoto got the part and it was clearly the correct choice. Hiroshi Kamiya also did a great job at reprising Araragi. The dude just simply has the talent to play characters that retort, what can I say.
Script: 10
Truthfully, this is the part that I would take points off if I had the heart to do it. This time around I simply do not agree with the episode distribution and choice on season length. Nise in my opinion is a 13 episode series. It would have been nice if Nise 1 had more stuff included in it but it was tolerable at least. Nise 2 on the other hand simply took out way too much. I agree that the toothbrush needed to have one episode for itself but the other three didn't have any of the scenes I expected to see. These scenes aren't just filler scenes but actual ones that are important to the series as a whole. I'm expecting these scenes to be added to the Blu-ray Shaft, I have my eyes on you with this one.
Soundtrack: 10
The other thing that I can count Shaft on is sound and music. They simply don't fuck around with this department. I guess it really does have to do with the fact that if animation is gonna take a hit then at least use music to back it up. This time however both animation and music is there so it's even better. The ED wasn't as good as the Bake's but I guess they wanted to use ClariS's twin image for the Fire Sisters and also because they had success with them during Madoka. The OPs were simply amazing. Meg Rock knows her music and the seiyus' got the stuff to back it up as well.
Editing: 10
The editing was pretty decent all around. However I couldn't help but feel Shaft started to get lazy during the last half of the series.
Enjoyment: 10
I enjoyed it for the most part and now the only thing left is pray for extra scenes in the Blu-ray.
Emotional Involvement: 10
I have to say I was really scared when they announced this was going to be animated. The bath scene with Shinobu and the toothbrush scene were both quite saucey and I didn't know if they were going to censor it. With this in mind my emotions hit the roof when I saw both scenes' full glory. The incest in the series also had my heart pounding as well.
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Old 2012-03-19, 01:11 Link #8
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Location: In line to confess his sins.
Age: 27
Over already. It felt like a mere gust of wind. Happiness is ephemeral, I suppose.
This show looks gorgeous. From the radiant character designs to Shinbou's elegant direction, this show retains the unique flare of its predecessor, and even improves upon some of it. While there are nitpicks to be had here and there, my eyes were plastered to the screen throughout each and every episode. There's always something interesting going on, always something pretty to look at, always some neat little detail you can pick up on. Visually, Nisemonogatari stands strong, and lives up to the legacy of Bakemonogatari.
Sound and Music.
Looking at the openings and endings, Bakemonogatari is a tough act to follow. It produced some of the most memorable openings in recent memory, and the ending was hauntingly beautiful. It stays with me to this day. Nisemonogatari does its best to keep up, and for the most part, it is successful. All three openings sound fantastic, and even better, they fit the atmosphere of the series perfectly. The ending, I feel, isn't quite up to snuff. It's not bad at all, but it's nowhere near as memorable or beautiful.
The actual soundtrack delivers in spades as well. The music not only accentuates the scenes it is used in, they also leave a strong impression on their own. Whenever I heard the first note of a track, I knew I was in for a good time, and I'll no doubt be listening to this soundtrack for months to come.
Lastly, the voice acting is phenomenal. Bakemonogatari was already a dream come true for me, assembling so many of my favorite seiyuu in one series. Saito Chiwa, Horie Yui, Kamiya Hiroshi, Sawashiro Miyuki and Hanazawa Kana? Pinch me. Add to that Kitamuri Eri and Sakamoto Maaya and you've got a show whose voice-acting transcends rating. It's no hyperbole to call it "sublime." Absolutely perfect.
I'll quickly go over the returning champions, and then move on to the new contenders. Senjougahara has always been my favorite, and though her scenes are somewhat few and far in between, she's the same old girl I fell in love with years ago. The first few minutes of the first episode were incredible, and I've rewatched that part several times. Nadeko is still just as cute (which is cute indeed), but has become a lot more forward. Taking her in this direction worked well for me; though her presence was little more than a blip on the radar. Kanbaru... what can I say? Not much of substance, but I can't complain. I simply can't. Hanekawa has never been my favorite (cat alter ego notwithstanding), but her interactions with Senjougahara made for some very amusing, and unexpected, scenes. Araragi remains a solid lead, though I must admit that his lust for Karen sort of rubs me the wrong way, especially when he has arguably the most awesome girlfriend in existence.
On to the new additions, whom Nise's fate rests with.
Araragi Karen. Karen had an incredible zest for life, a great attitude and some massive backbone. She lit up the screen, and I was always anxious to see what she would say, or do, next. She can hold her ground, and she looks great. A fine character all around.
Araragi Tsukihi
. Although Tsukihi played a smaller role and a weaker plot arc, I still found her a great addition to the cast. Her exaggerated facial expressions, reactions and voice made for some great comedy. Like her sister Karen, I was always waiting to see how she'd react to the situation, and she rarely disappointed. She's platinum awesome.
Shinobu. Sakamoto Maaya really brought Shinobu to life. Every brooding monologue and every haughty comment really made her shine. She has a great personality, and has gorgeous golden hair. She can dance with the best of them when she imbibes some blood too.
General thoughts and enjoyment.
Nisemonogatari is easily the most entertaining series I've seen this year, and I suspect it will stay near the top of the list even as 2013 approaches. The dialogue, characters and visuals all come together in a wonderful collage of pure joy. Minor gripes aside, Nisemonogatari offers most of the traits that make anime a wonderful medium. It is ever-so-slightly weaker than Bakemonogatari on the whole, but there is certainly no shame in that, as Bake is one of my absolute favorite shows from the last five years.
Some of my personal favorite scenes from the series: The first five minutes of episode one (the dialogue was spellbinding), Kanbaru (every damn scene she was in, she's a goddess), Araragi and Karen's battle, the scene where Araragi runs into Karen doing a hand-walk, Shinobu and Araragi's long discussion in the bath, and last, but not least; Arargi's brief conversation with Nadeko on the phone.
Final Rating: 9 (Fantastic)
Last edited by Echoes; 2012-03-20 at 04:17.
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Old 2012-03-19, 08:07 Link #9
I kill you
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Join Date: Aug 2010
Location: In your brain
It's solely based on how Shaft successfully delivered the content of novel most effectively. Sadly, Tsukihi arc clearly left out so many dialogues that was actually defining moments of the series, such as Shinobu's SUN IS MY ENEMY part and Kaiki gags. That last episode was underwhelming - the gold of nisemonogatari is not its story, but its DIALOGUE. Shaft failed to bring those out, especially in Tsukihi part.
Nisemonogatari, from the start, was a novel that was not meant to be amazing in terms of plot and story. In terms of characterisation, Nisioisin clearly likes to destroy established characters in sequels in any different means, and that obviously happened in this series. Nisemonogatari is more like side-story, Nisio isin's attempt of playing with character concepts and personality. So, I don't really care.
The defining moment of the series was tooth brush play by Gomi and Karen. There was no problem with the fan-service of Nisemonogatari when they were all exactly how it was described in the novel. The problem is when they devotes too much on them, they did not have more time to invest on those dialogue that makes the series gold.
I still give 9, because Shaft animation and direction is just gorgeous. However, if you actually look at 'direction', not animation quality, Bakemonogatari was better. Oishi's currently working on Kizumonogatari, thus we couldn't have his much surreal touch on scenes and camera works.
If anyone attacks Shaft
I will be there to defend it to death.
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Old 2012-03-19, 12:40 Link #10
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Voted the series a 9. I actually avoided watching this during the weekly run because I felt as though this was the type of series that I just had to watch on one go. I added a twist to that. I watched whole of Bakemonogatari and Nisemonogatari in one go all through yesterday. And while it may have been more obvious to me as to the complaints I am hearing had I not done so, as far as I am concerned, Nisemonogatari was a perfect followup to Bakemonogatari. It just felt very natural. And well, I am a sucker for imouto moe and Shinobu is obviously way too awesome so there was no way I wouldn't rate this show high I guess.
I do have some complaints though.
I really really wish they had given the last arc more episodes. It kind of was flowing normally but then suddenly went into powerdrive and ended abruptly. It wasn't all that bad but when a show that relied on lots and lots of roundabout dialogue and subtle touches suddenly resolves itself in an adrenaline rush, it just didn't feel right. I don't know if it was due to budget concerns or an aesthetic choice but I don't agree with it. Of course, I am platinum mad because I wanted to see more of Tsukihi, not particularly because she is cute and sexy but because she has that awesomely delicious manner of acting.
I don't really care about fanservice because for one reason or another, I can totally see the characters in the show doing what they were doing. They are all absurd oddities that live right at the boundary between normalcy and perversion after all. Certainly, there might have been more focus on the perversion side of the coin than the rest, but in no way does telling a saucy story from a raunchy perspective take away from the characters imho. It's just a different point of view. It's a heck lot better to do a whole story in this perspective than just superficially use it occasionally to entice the audience. In that sense, the fact that Nisemonogatari was written in as saucy a manner is something that makes me bow to the author, even if I despise the popularity of the author.
And given the nature of the source, the anime did a commendable job bringing it to life. In fact, I dare say the lack of "fanservice" would have been weirder. And since I don't agree with that accusation that there was too much fanservice or that the cast was used as a cheap display that led to deterioration of their character, I rate this show much higher than some other folks I expected to have similar opinions with.
They could still have shown us the kiss between the hornet and the devil boy. And perhaps include an animated anecdote about how Tsubasa ended up with her short hair etc. though.
Simply put, I am saying that there wasn't enough fanservice and certainly not enough of it overall. If it had lasted just a bit longer and not rushed through, this would have been a perfect show.
I suppose I am the rare breed in that I enjoyed Nisemonogatari more than Bakemonogatari. It actually took me a lot of convincing to even go through Bakemonogatari. And I had a really harsh opinion of it until I read more and watched it again etc. In contrast, I thoroughly enjoyed Nisemonogatari on my first watch. Of course, my being a sucker for imouto moe, finally something from kiss-shot, lots of allusions from Koyomi as to just how high his opinion of the catgirl is, and how wonderful she looked in her short hair and contacts, and there being little of Hitagi who looked fugly in short hair etc. all added to my entertainment I guess. Occasional wandering pilgimage was just icing on the cake.
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Old 2012-03-20, 02:33 Link #11
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Join Date: Nov 2009
My impressions would be: dammit, 3 years (I think) of yearning to see Senjougahara animated again but what I got was less than satisfying and Nise turned out to be a beautiful love story between a guy and his sisters....
Having been spoiled beforehand, I was expecting to see the changed senjougahara but that final scene might as well have been the afterlife.... >.<
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Old 2012-03-20, 17:15 Link #12
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Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: R'lyeh
Age: 39
9/10 i don't really dividing up parts of a show and giving it a grade. i will just say i enjoy both the dialogue and the visuals. I am a fan of Shaft being Shaft.
And here is my summary of Nise.
Courage to molest little sister
Courage to undress little sister
Courage to grab little sister’s breast.
Courage to take Little sister’s first kiss
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Old 2012-03-21, 09:15 Link #13
a random Indonesian otaku
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Xanadu
Age: 23
I'll just be honest
I'm not a Monogatari series' fan... but I'll give Nisemonogatari 9/10 score
honestly, I think Nise is better than Bake
I won't give a proper rating but just giving points :
1. The appearance of Bake's characters are handled well.. although they're just random supporting characters
2. Kaiki and Kagenui are not as awesome as Oshino... I think this is why I can't give a perfect score for Nise. The arc's finale is little dull
3. Araragi family's relationship is the focus of Nise. I always curious about this since Bake and Nise really explained it well. I can see how the sisters actually respect their vamp's bro and almost become incest after his bro really worked hard for their sake (facing Kaiki and Kagenui and also cleaned up their mess)
4. The birth of new fetish... HAHAHA!!! Toothbrush FTW... now I can't see toothbrushing in same way anymore
5. Every arc actually filled with too much unnecessary scene. The real problem will appear in part 3 or part 4 of each arc
6. The most highlight part from Nise is Shinobu. At first, I never care about her because of Bake (c'mon! she really doesn't do anything in Bake). After reading a doujin, I'm quite understand the role and become her fans. I'm waiting for Kizu but I never expect Nise will satisfy me because of Shinobu-Araragi relationship's development. Her 18-year old appearance, donut loving scene, her teasing gesture and word, and finally her honesty in expressing her opinion to Araragi are very important point for me
Visual is very good as usual (great job, SHAFT), BGM is also good, Soundtrack is also the best (Claris.. yay!)
9/10... that's all! Now let's wait for Kizu.....
nothing to do here
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Old 2012-03-21, 09:33 Link #14
Romance Expert
Join Date: Feb 2012
il be short on this and say I give it 9/10.
completely enjoyed and had fun throughout the series. as some people said, there were some parts that felt rushed near the end and some characters seem lacking for appearance(WHERE'S THE FINAL BOSS!)
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Old 2012-03-22, 08:11 Link #15
Former NEET.
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: The pile of heatwave that is named Texas.
I'm the only one who voted "Painful"? Seriously?
I don't get this "wincest" thing. Is there a cultural thing I'm missing? And what is with the ecchi upgrade?
Spoiler for ep10:
I had to stop and throw my episodes in the trashbin.
What the hell happened? ... Please tell me the light novels are better at presenting this. I thought about buying at least the Bakemonogatari books someday even though my Japanese isn't really at that level yet.
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Old 2012-03-22, 08:21 Link #16
Join Date: Dec 2003
Age: 32
Originally Posted by velderia View Post
Spoiler for ep10:
I had to stop and throw my episodes in the trashbin.
What the hell happened? ...
Wait... please tell me that you didn't stop watching at that point... what happens next is the important part! If you just watched that scene and then stopped in a blind rage... well, I guess I can see why you're mad, but you're really rushing to conclusions.
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Old 2012-03-22, 08:47 Link #17
Join Date: Jun 2004
Location: London
Age: 34
Rushing to conclusions is a very common theme for many viewers
Anyway, Nise- ended up being better than Bake- IMHO. The art improved despite the new characters and looks, backgrounds were more creative and richer. Animation appeared... in Bake- it was almost absent. BGM was fitting and prevelent. Songs were also good, but half as many. The new characters were thoroughly developed, as well as all the old ones to varying degrees too.
But the best part was that the storytelling was more focused. Bake- struggled at times to integrate ecchi with mystery, but in Nise- it was seamless.
On the other hand, as an adaption, it had problems with the short duration skipping important parts, especially for continuing animating the franchise, and confused a lot of viewers because it aired before Kizu-
So overall 10/10 ignoring the source, 9/10 strictly considering it as adaption.
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Old 2012-03-22, 09:36 Link #18
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Originally Posted by relentlessflame View Post
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Old 2012-03-22, 11:07 Link #19
Former NEET.
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: The pile of heatwave that is named Texas.
Originally Posted by omimon View Post let him be.
Well, her, but... Whatever.
Fine, I'll take it out of the trashbin and watch the rest of the series.
Edit: Oh. (Downloading ep 11 now)
Last edited by velderia; 2012-03-22 at 11:20.
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Old 2012-03-22, 21:28 Link #20
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Smile Hello :-)
Hi! I'm Japanese university student, and wheelchair user. In the university, learning English. Now in the hospital. If you don't mind, please talk to me with Skype!!
(Sorry my strange English...)
I like Bakemonogatari series!!
I've watched many anime recently.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61668 | Thread: Indian Food
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Old 12-02-2013, 14:29
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Not ridiculous at all. I've probably tried more Indian dishes than most people here over the years. Hated all of them.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61670 |
360 res switching in Viva Pinata
Discussion in 'Console Games' started by SilentPanda, May 3, 2007.
1. Moderator emeritus
Playing Rainbow Six Vegas or sitting at the 360 menus seems fine but when Viva Pinata gets put in, the TV goes to crap. It seems every 20-30 seconds the TV goes blank then the picture comes back, almost like it's switching resolutions or channels. I've turned the 360 up and down in resolution from 480 up to 1080 and it seems to do it no matter what. It does it even mid movie cut-scene.
Anybody have any ideas? It's hooked up via Component. Not 100% sure on the make/model of the TV as it's my brothers 360 having the issue. The TV supports 1080i though.
2. MRU
Not sure what could be causing that, but it does look like a TV problem more than anything else. Never had that issue when connected via VGA or Component at 1080i or 1280x768 / 720p etc.. with Viva Pinata, on most of my TV's / Monitors.
Strange that it is this game only though. :confused:
I do have occasional iritating problems with my Philip's 42" Ambilight TV when it sometimes goes from 720p to 480p or in reverse, where there is a slight pixel jump effecting every few lines, resulting in poor liney text.
The only way I can solve it is to restart the TV, and force the TV to change resolution a few times. Becomes quite irksome.
Even went back to Philip's and the engineer said that was 'within' spec. :( Which is utter bs if you ask me, especially as the engineer didn't seem to know the difference between HDMI and Component :rolleyes:
If you can find out the TV model / make as that may hold some clue to the problem.
Good luck.
3. Moderator emeritus
The model is a Syntax Olevia LT30HV.
I guess it's doing the same thing in Rainbow Six: Vegas... at least it's not a game issue...
4. macrumors 601
Speaking of Viva Pinata, how do you like it?
5. Moderator emeritus
I rented it a while back and hated it. The little mini-game you have to play when things mate (I think that's when you play it) gets old really quick especially when I feel like I have to make 20 worms. I was told by an 8 year old I was playing the game very wrong and that you didn't have to make that many worms.
Anyway I bought it for my brother's wife so she might not hate me so much for giving him a 360... she'll probably be better at it than me anyway. I shoot things (virtually) instead of nurture them.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61671 |
Bluetooth Nano Watch -- Kickstarter
Discussion in 'iPod' started by Schmoyer, Jul 3, 2012.
1. macrumors newbie
2. macrumors 68010
3. macrumors 6502
Got 3 new nanos from the apple recall and got the TikTok watch bands for them, this one looks interesting!
4. macrumors 601
Looks pretty cool, but the dealbreaker for me is that the 30-pin connector is unavailable for use when using this watchband.
So using the Nike+ sportskit becomes impossible.
I've thought about putting together a prototype watchband that would provide bluetooth through the headphone port, thus leaving the 30-pin for the Nike+ receiver.
But I figured that the next Nano would solve the problem for me by baking in BT or Nike+ (or both) right out of the box.
For now, I continue to use my iWatchz band with wired headphones.
5. macrumors 65816
The Nike+ dongle dosent work in the new Nano after the last software update. It was because Apple built that all into the OS so it's a non issue. I used to work for a company that sold iPods and we had a seves area for computer and whatnot divece repair and I can't tell you how many people were like I did the software update and now this doesn't work what's up and we had to explain the situation. So like I said its s null issue my only prolem is I like to put mine into a speaker dock so this seams like a pain when I can take my nano in and out of all my other watch bands so easy except my LunaTik but then again I don't wear that one very much for that reason.
Oh and by he way I do think this is cool for thoes select few people who only use the nano as a watch and use it to work out. But for my having the cowed doesn't bug me and the barrty I am sure would drain so fast from what I have read about other Bluetooth iPod adapters. And to have to take it in and out all the time to charge just saying
6. macrumors 601
With all due respect, you're wrong. The nano 6G does not have the Nike+ receiver built-in. Even with the latest firmware. What the latest firmware does do, is allow for the built-in accelerometer to calculate running data.
Without the Nike+ kit, you still cannot use the footpod (potentially more accurate) and you can't use any of the Nike+ accessories (which include the HR strap and the discontinued Nike+ remote).
7. macrumors 68020
Found this on Apple's website.
8. macrumors regular
It is correct that you don't need to connect a receiver because the nano now has an accelerometer-based option, but it is not as accurate as the footpod solution which still works perfectly fine if you insert the Nike+ sensor into the port.
9. macrumors 65816
10. macrumors 601
No, you were wrong. You said the Nike+ dongle doesn't work with the new firmware. It absolutely does work.
Anyways, there are a myriad of other reasons to use the dongle for Nike+, especially when using with a watchband (as is the point of this thread). For example, if you want to run using Nike+ and a watchband, you have two choices ... with the Nike+ receiver and without the receiver.
If you run without the receiver using the watchband, the software will have to account for your armswinging motion to count your pace. In my estimation, this will be wildly inaccurate, even if you calibrate it. Your arm swing will vary a lot more than your footsteps, especially as you tire over the duration of your run.
With the footpod, you can swing your arms like a wildman if you want and your pace will be recorded more accurately.
11. macrumors 68020
can you use the nano only with the footpod and not the receiver attached to the nano?
12. macrumors demi-god
nice idea as the lack of BT hold me back buying a nano. now I just would like to have no rubber as holder; leather or steel would be nice, too.
13. macrumors 601
No, you cannot. To use the footpod with the nano, you need to use the receiver. The nano 6G doesn't have the necessary radios to receive the Nike+ signals.
Only the iPod touch and iPhone can receive the Nike+ signals without using the Nike+ receiver. Apparently, the Nike+ system uses the same frequencies as Bluetooth and iOS is set-up to receive these signals and process it.
14. macrumors 6502a
I really think that with the trend of these new watches etc, the new ipod nano will feature all the features that will make it the perfect watch. Pairing with iphone, bluetooth etc..
15. macrumors 68000
That's an interesting idea. Perhaps Apple will do to the iPod nano what it did to the apple TV. Get rid of local storage and grab everything elsewhere, in this case, bluetooth to the iPhone/ipod/ipad/imac/iproduct....
16. macrumors 6502a
Well idk about getting rid of storage as a lot of people would still use it for a music device.
Add bluetooth and a decent set of bluetooth headphones it would be nice.
Also, connectivity with an iphone with alerts would be ideal.
17. macrumors 68000
The notification thing MUST happen. It's so obvious I don't see why apple would skip over it.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61672 |
Can we use cider on a power pc or Ibook G4
Discussion in 'PowerPC Macs' started by Leolizm, Jun 19, 2010.
1. macrumors newbie
Please tell
2. macrumors 6502a
3. macrumors 65816
Cider or Wine add the necessary windows library functions to allow for software to run on a linux / unix host. Unfortunately, the software is still compiled for an x86 / x86_64 architecture computer - not a powerpc computer.
You would need a cpu emulator like VirtualPC or QEMU to run windows + windows software on a PPC mac.
"Wine is not an emulator"
4. macrumors 604
Emulation of x86 on PPC is horribly slow even if you go to all the trouble of installing an emulator.
5. macrumors 6502a
Unless you're on a DC PowerMac G5, then you can get decent speed out of it, nothing spectacular, but more than capable if you're just running the average Windows Form Applications like Microsoft Office etc.
6. macrumors 68040
i have virtual pc for mac and it came with windows xp and on my mini g4 1.42 ,its emulating a equivalent of a pentium 3 processor with 600mhz and 256mb ram and it works fine ,ok you wont play games on it :D
but i have to say for the price it costs you nearly get a used pc with a pentium 4 processor , so as i always say you want windows then buy a pc
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61673 |
F/T Trade Wii for xbox 360
Discussion in 'Marketplace Archive 2' started by erandall38, Jun 14, 2008.
1. macrumors 6502
I have a
- Wii System w/ wii sports
- 3 wii-mote's (1 from system and 2 extra)
- 2 nunchuck's (1 from system and 1 extra)
- Super Monkey Ball
- Zelda Twilight Princess
- SSX Blur
- Paper Mario
- Super Swing Golf
- Elebits
all for trade up for an xbox 360
Maybe f/s but would prefer f/t
2. macrumors regular
Will trade an Xbox 360 and two wireless controllers interested?
3. macrumors 6502a
Im very interested...
I have an XBOX 360, two controllers, and possibly a few games.
Do you have the box and everything for the Wii?
4. macrumors 6502
Hey Guys,
I have everything you need to play the Wii.
Not sure about the box still but I think I do and with the receipt as well. I can take pics and check when I get home. What games do you have?
5. macrumors newbie
Hey I been wanting to trade in my Xbox 360 for a Wii. Do you still have it or am I too late?
6. macrumors newbie
still got it, add my msn mate.
7. macrumors 6502
What's the current status on this trade???
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61675 |
ipod software updater
Discussion in 'iPod' started by ldburroughs, Oct 19, 2005.
1. macrumors 6502
Are there any features updated with the updater located on Apple's website? I purchased an ipod and installed the software that came with it but it appears that there is a newer version available. Is there a way to see if it worth the trouble to update my ipod. If it helps ... I have one of the ipods released after ipod photo but before the newest ipod video. In other words, it has a color screen but is not called photo.
I'm just wondering if I'll miss out on something if I don't update the ipod software. Thanks in advance for any helpful responses.
2. macrumors 6502a
Not sure if it makes a diff whether it is mac or pc but I am no SW version 1.2 I am trying to remember what was added but I don't think it was a lot. Feature wise anyway
3. macrumors 6502a
The only iPod software that has been update since, like, July is the Shuffle's, and then it was only bug fixes.
The new updaters include versions 1.0 of iPod nano firmware and iPod (with video) firmware.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61677 |
Michael Dell sinks $100M into Red Hat.
Discussion in 'MacBytes.com News Discussion' started by MacBytes, May 10, 2005.
1. macrumors bot
2. macrumors 65816
So no more Windows on Dell computers? What does this mean exactly?
3. macrumors 6502a
Controversial News of the day for me! That is very surprising... I am very curious on what that was for...
4. macrumors G4
it's because 99% of dells support calls are caused by the fact that windows sucks balls.
he just wants red hat to become a viable alternative for the consumer :)
5. macrumors Core
as the article says, there really is no relevance as of yet, Dell himself might not have decided to make the purchase, but his personal financial team could have, i doubt this means anything as of yet, but time will tell
6. macrumors 68000
Dell will still support predominantly windows, but I'm sure that about 70-80% of Dell's support costs are a direct result of the utter crappiness that is windows.
7. macrumors newbie
Good Move.....another step towards the mighty microsoft empires imminent demise.......Bye Bye MS.......better getter longwind out soon huh........This crap makes me laugh and realise how lucky we are to have Apple....
8. macrumors 6502a
I dont know a lot about RedHat, so I ahev a question. How compatable is Windows software with the RedHat opperationg system?
If it would be an easy change over, I see no reason for Dell not to make the switch.
9. macrumors 68040
It's not. RedHat is a company that sells their own (somewhat customized) Linux distribution. Windows software can only run via emulation, just like on all other Linux systems.
10. macrumors G4
with WINE it works, it just ports the windows API's to linux.
11. macrumors 68040
I don't care what the name of the product is, it is an emulator. It is emulating the entire Windows environment (at the API level, not at the user-level). That's how apps can run on it without modification.
Back when you had to recompile your apps with WINE in order to make it work, the name might've made sense, but that hasn't been the case for a long time.
12. macrumors 6502a
Dell supply servers with RedHat Enterprise installed and 1/3 years subscription to RedHat support.
13. macrumors G4
wine is not an emulator because there is no emulation involved, emulation emulates an architecture, virtual pc is an emulator but it contains no OS it's just an x86 environment, WINE just provides the API's to run windows apps under linux, they both run on the same architecture if you recompiled windows applications for the ppc you could run them with darWINE the mac os x port of WINE.
a single API is not an emulator and niether are a bunch of API's it's just an enviroment, it's like saying x11 is an emulator.
14. macrumors 603
Man you guys are REALLY pulling the speculations out of your *cough*. Mike invests in all kinds of projects and if you read the article you would see that that was out of a possible 10 BILLION and was done via MSD Capital LP.
This is nothing. Move along.
15. macrumors 603
:rolleyes: Yep and tomorrow Apple is going out of buisness because that is what everyone has been saying over the last 10+ years. MS isn't going anywhere with 40 billion in the bank. They could completely flop on Longshot and build another steaming pile after that before they really start hurting. Again move long folks...nothing to see here.
16. macrumors 6502
The public implications MSD to make an investment into Redhat would not be lost upon the directors of MSD. As much as investment of MS into SCO or into Apple. It's small enough to say no big deal but enough to look twice at by the powers that be. Sort of flirting with AMD.
(Any missed acronyms?)
17. macrumors regular
Pff. Who cares about the possibility of Linux on a Dell machine. I'm looking forward to the inclusion of an IHOP with every Dell machine with a BTO upgrade to a Steak n Shake. :D
18. macrumors P6
It would seem that Michael is covering all of his bases. It could backfire and burn some bridges with Microsoft.
19. macrumors 6502a
Linux just keeps gaining more and more ground, to Microsoft's horror. This is another OUCH for MS.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61678 |
purchasing standard program
Discussion in 'iPhone/iPad Programming' started by macfanboy, Jan 20, 2009.
1. macrumors 6502a
i recently (today) applied for a standard developer program. When i went back to log in (to make sure everything went through), it said apple is checking with my legal representative. is this normal?
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61693 | Flow sweet like cinnamon
from Joey BADA$$ – Intro Lyrics on Genius
Cinnamon is sweet.
“Flow sweet” to some may also sound like “floor sweet.” Cinnamon is a spice from the ground.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Joey BADA$$ – Intro Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61694 | Memory Lane (Sittin' in Da Park) Lyrics
Produced By: DJ Premier
Embed Follow
[Produced by DJ Premier]
(Check check)
A'ight fuck that shit, word word, fuck that other shit, y'know what I'm sayin? We gonna do a lil sum like this, y'know what I'm sayin?
(ya'll doin that other shit) Keep it on and on and on and on-in. Know'm sayin, Big Nas, Grand Wizard, what is it. Ha-ha it's like
You know what I'm sayin. Yo go head and rip that shit dun
[Verse 1]
I rap for listeners, bluntheads, fly ladies and prisoners
Henessey-holders and old-school niggas, then I be dissing
A unofficial that smoke Woolie Thai
Jungle survivor, fuck who's the live-er
Sentence begins indented with formality
My duration's infinite, moneywise or physiology
Poetry, that's a part of me, retardedly bop
I drop the ancient manifested hip-hop straight off the block
Chocolate blunts make me see him drop in my weed smoke
It's real, grew up in trife life, the times of white lines
The hype pipes, murderous nighttimes and knife fights invite crimes
Chill on the block with Cognac, hold strap
With my peeps that's into drug money, market into rap
For niggas
no sheisty vice to just snipe ya
With side-bets, I roll a deuce, nothing below
(Peace God!)
Peace God -- now the shit is explained
I'm taking niggas on a trip straight through memory lane
It's like that y'all
"Now let me take a trip down memory lane"
"Coming outta Queensbridge"
[Verse 2]
One for the money
Two for pussy and foreign cars
Three for Alizé, niggas deceased or behind bars
My window faces shootouts, drug overdoses
Live amongst no roses, only the drama, for real
Here's my basis, my razor embraces, many faces
Your telephone blown, black stitches or fat shoelaces
Peoples are petro, dramatic automatic .44 I let blow
And back down po-po when I'm vexed so
My pen taps the paper then my brain's blank
I see dark streets, hustling brothers who keep the same rank
Pumping for something, some'll prosper, some fail
Judges hanging niggas, uncorrect bails for direct sales
My intellect prevails from a hanging cross with nails
I reinforce the frail, with lyrics that's real
Word to Christ, a disciple of streets, trifle on beats
I decipher prophecies through a mic and say peace
I hung around the older crews while they sling smack to dingbats
Some fiends scream, about Supreme Team, a Jamaica Queens thing
Uptown was Alpo, son, heard he was kingpin, yo
Fuck "rap is real", watch the herbs stand still
Never talking to snakes cause the words of man kill
I pour my Heineken brew to my deceased crew on memory lane
[Hook x4]
[Premier Scracthing]
"Coming out of Queensbridge" (X4)
The most dangerous MC is...."Coming out of Queensbridge"(x3)
"Ya number one and y'know where you're from" |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61697 | F*ck You, Google
Which is why it's SO EXCITING, Google, that you AUTOMATICALLY allowed all my most frequent contacts access to my Reader, including all the comments I've made on Reader items, usually shared with my boyfriend, who I had NO REASON to hide my current location or workplace from, and never did.
My other most frequent contacts? Other friends of Flint's.
Oh, also, people who email my ANONYMOUS blog account, which gets forwarded to my personal account. They are frequent contacts as well. Most of them, they are nice people. Some of them are probably nice but a little unbalanced and scary. A minority of them - but the minority that emails me the most, thus becoming FREQUENT - are psychotic men who think I deserve to be raped because I keep a blog about how I do not deserve to be raped, and this apparently causes the Hulk rage.
I can't block these people, because I never made a Google profile or Buzz profile, due to privacy concerns (apparently and resoundingly founded!). Which doesn't matter anyway, because every time I do block them, they are following me again in an hour. I'm hoping that they, like me, do not realize and are not intentionally following me, but that's the optimistic half of the glass. My pessimistic half is of the abyss, and it is staring back at you with a redolent stink-eye.
Oh, yes, I suppose I could opt out of Buzz - which I did when it was introduced, though that apparently has no effect on whether or not I am now using Buzz - but as soon as I did that, all sorts of new people were following me on my Reader! People I couldn't block, because I am not on Buzz!
Harriet Jacobs is the nom de plume of the author of Fugitivus. She's a mid-twenties white girl living in the Midwest, working at a non-profit that assists families and deals with a lot of racial politics. Harriet has had a fucked-up life, and Fugitivus
—fugitive—is her space to talk, where the fucked-up people who did the fucked-up things couldn't find her and be creepy.
Update: The original blog posting has been updated and made private. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61698 | Netflix Would Very Much Like to Know If You Would Like an iPhone App (Hint: YES)
Here's a real interesting question from a recent Netflix survey: "How likely would you or someone in your household be to instantly watch movies & TV episodes on your iPhone via a Wi-Fi network?"
If you recall, Netflix CEO Reed Hastings promised that Netflix streaming would come to the iPhone "eventually" just a few months ago. While survey questions can be indicative of a company's plans—it wouldn't be the first time for this kind of company to tip their video hand via survey—I wouldn't get too excited. Not because of the tech, which is trivial (even considering the jump from Microsoft's Silverlight technology on the desktop) but because of the rights.
Netflix has already run into issues with studios afraid of it massing too much influence, too many eyeballs, squeezing the lifeblood remaining in DVD profits preserved by the window system—the journey a movie takes from the multiplex to DVD to PPV to HBO to cable— before the studios can extract the last final drops themselves. That disgusting 28-day window before you can rent a new Warner Bros. movie is a primo example. So, to get mobile streaming rights? That's probably a whole 'nother ballgame, and I don't expect the studios will play any nicer.
But we can dream, we can hope, we can pray. Even if it is only over Wi-Fi. [Hacking Netflix via SAI] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61699 | The Spire Clock is yet another quirky timekeeper that puts some charm back into the humdrum task of telling time. Essentially, the clock is an asymmetrical Japanese fan.
Its longest blade represents the minute hand, and the shortest blade represents the hour hand. As the minutes tick by, the longer blade glides all around the face; when the hour changes, the shorter blade sweeps around and snaps into the correct angle time calls for. However mesmerizing the Spire Clock can be though, just be sure you don't catch yourself wasting away the hours gazing at this pretty little timepiece. [Wireframe via FastCoDesign] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61701 | Lose your ticket stub? Can't find that old shoebox with your concert mementos? Documenting concerts you've attended is now possible with just a few smartphone swipes, so you can relive your favorite moments and keep track of who you saw, what they played, and what you thought about it.
StagePage (free) lets you create a virtual scrapbook of the shows you've seen. Each "page" within the app is dedicated to a single concert, with a picture of the beloved ticket stub, pictures and videos from the show, the venue, location, date, setlist, and more. The only real limit: you can only upload four photos or videos of the band.
Unless you (bravely we might add) went to the show alone, the app also lets you upload pictures of whatever friends came along, again, with a limit of four shots. After you import all that stuff into the app (or shoot it there directly), StagePage lets you edit pictures and videos by improving the image quality automatically, adding effects, and more, with image-editing features from Aviary.
We also appreciate the setlist feature, which shows this app was created with the obsessive fan in mind. It lets you enter each song as it's played, or after the fact. You also get to add your own reactions and commentary to the show.
Once you've added as much as this stuff as you want, the app saves your concert page as a linked image with a custom background that you can share with friends and fellow fans via Facebook, Twitter, or email, from within the app. And, of course, you can flip through them all on your own later to relive the sights and sounds of concerts gone by.
Many of us already take pictures and record video at shows using a smartphone (in fact, that's all some concertgoers appear to be doing). But that stuff gets stored along with the rest of our random media. This idea of putting it all into a dedicated, organized app like this makes sense.
I personally like to keep physical evidence of the shows I've attended because holding a ticket stub feels more meaningful than looking at a picture of it. Still, why not do both? StagePage is free.
StagePage Preserves Your Concert Memories for the Ages Evolver.fm observes, tracks and analyzes the music apps scene, with the belief that it's crucial to how humans experience music, and how that experience is evolving. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61716 | Thread: 2&3 lines
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10-07-2011, 09:58 PM
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Join Date: Feb 2010
Country: Russian Federation
Posts: 47
vCash: 500
2&3 lines
I don't think we have the correct line combinations especially with the 2&3 lines. You need 2nd liners on the 2nd line and 3rd liners on the 3 line this is not EA sports you don't just put your top rated players to fill out the lines. Wolski is not a 3-4 liners if he is then he does not belong on your team he is wether u like it or not a top 6 forward.. dubinsky should be on the 2nd line with cally and anisimov. Fedotetnko is a 3rd liner and nothing higher put him back where he belongs. LW on the first line could be any player other then dubinsky because it upsets the other 2 lines. We can put either boyle or wolski on the 1st line it don't matter who's there as long as they don't get in the way of gaby and rich. All I'm saying is that every player needs to play on their correct place. 3rd line is an energy line a deffensive line players on the 3rd line need to forcheck hard, be savy and put some pressure on the other teams better player by forchecking and hitting.. you can not put all of your underacheivers on the 3-4th line because those lines have a specific purpose in the game wich allows yuor top 2 lines to function properly. Zuch is not a 3rd liner he is either top 6 or hartfort. Prust is a typical 3rd liner not 4th so is Avery (I agree with the move if he can't be allowed to be who he is then he is useless although I loved watching him). Let's get some big guys for the 4th don't understand letting weise go he would be perfect 3-4th liners just don't get it. Sorry for the long post but I needed to get this off my chest
Last edited by MESSY11: 10-07-2011 at 10:05 PM.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61743 | Nigel Campbell's picture
Heart It Or Hate It: Eli Lieb 'Young Love' Music Video
Eli Lieb has us falling in love-- "Young Love" that is. (Stop laughing! You're as young as you...feel??)
Eli just released his new music video for the track, "Young Love" and it's as gay as it is delightful! It also doesn't hurt that Eli's super cute (and super talented).
Check it out:
What do you think, Instincters? Are you falling in love as well?? Heart it or hate it? (Please don't say you hate it!!)
Image Source
Definitely HEART it!
Love it!
Add new comment |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61779 | Consoles, Who Needs 'em?Apparently not John Welch, CEO of casual games company PlayFirst. He says that the console per se is a "niche platform" and that they're just too expensive to make. His argument:
I think the biggest proof point in the death of consoles in my thesis is the Wii. The most successful, most difficult to acquire console in this generation is at least a generation old in hardware. The advances are in software and peripherals. Why do you need a box for that? If the real expansion is occurring because of what Nintendo has done, why do we even need a console? The technology could be adapted to run on your average set top box, at least in the next generation of set top boxes.
Welch does concede that console are more streamlined and easier to use than, say, PCs. His crystal ball gazing is more along the lines of Google-type cloud that doesn't even use hardware at all. Agree? Disagree? Q&A with PlayFirst’s John Welch [VentureBeat via EDGE] [Pic] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61782 | A Free, Improved Co-op Version of Half-Life? Where Do I Sign Up?
The developers of Sven Co-op, a nearly fifteen-years-old but still regularly updated mod that lets you play Valve's original Half-Life cooperatively with friends online, announced that their creation is heading to Steam as a free stand-alone game. With huge improvements.
In a post published on the mod's official website, the team revealed that Valve not only agreed to put Sven Co-op on Steam as a separate game (that includes the original Half-Life campaign, to boot), but also gave them access to GoldSrc, the engine powering Half-Life and its expansions, Opposing Force and Blue Shift. This allows them to greatly improve user experience by making modifications and improvements directly to the game engine. Here's what all this exactly means, in the team's own words:
• Stability, performance, and gameplay improvements for everyone.
Currently there is no ETA for the stand-alone version of Sven Co-op, but the developers assured everyone that "more news and progress updates will be posted in the near future." Of course, if you can't wait and got a copy of Half-Life lying around, you can always try the mod as it is right now.
The Big Announcement [Sven Co-op Forums]
Top image courtesy of the Half-Life Wiki.
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61785 | Arts & Culture
3:27 pm
Wed September 26, 2012
"A Good Ending to a Story" and "Bertha in Stillwell" on Valley Writers Read
This week on Valley Writers Read, we hear the works of two local authors. The first story, Joe Hemphill's "A Good Ending to a Story", describes a man with cerebral palsy who refuses to resume his physical therapy. And in the second story, Bill McDougle's "Bertha in Stillwell", the life of a woman named Bertha is chronicled as she grows up in Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl era.
Related Program |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61801 | Home >> Brazil Radio >>
Listen Tabajara FM 1055 Online
Chosen: source 1 - wmp player
Listen Online: Bookmark and Share
Add This Live Online Radio To Your Blog or Web Page
Tabajara FM - 105.5 FM João Pessoa
Radio Station:
Listen Tabajara FM - 105.5 FM João Pessoa Online Radio FM:
Title: Tabajara FM 1055 Online Radio
Country: Brazil: Joao Pessoa
Site: http://www.radiotabajara.pb.gov.br/
Station Phone: Call (83) 3218-7900
Station Address: Corredor D. Pedro II, S/N, Torre, Joao Pessoa, PB
Tabajara FM 1055 Listening Tips:
If you like to listen to Tabajara FM 1055 online radio, kindly share this radio station streaming with your friends through Facebook like, Google+, Tweets, or other sharings. Also, you can bookmark this online live radio by pressing CTRL+D so that you can have quick access and listen to Tabajara FM 1055 live radio anytime you want.
Listen Online 24 provides you with the options to choose different Tabajara FM 1055 radio streaming source. If the first source link is broken, you can try the second source link and so on. Also, you can listen Tabajara FM 1055 online using diffrent players. For each link source, you can choose different players to listen. Just test out different players to see which plugin is more suitable for you.
If you have trouble or problem listening to Tabajara FM 1055 radio station, you can visit the Tabajara FM 1055 official site by clicking the link given.
Related Links: |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61802 |
Re: HTTP - why not multiple connections?
From: Marc Salomon <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 1994 14:06:23 -0800
Message-Id: <[email protected] >
To: [email protected], [email protected]
Cc: http-wg%[email protected]
|Well, I assume you are proposing (hypothetically, anyway) that the
|server rewrite the HTML it's transmitting to add the WIDTH and HEIGHT
If the server would have to open each image in any event in order to pack it
into a multipart message. It could have access to the image size parameters
and include them in the a MIME header.
Received on Friday, 16 December 1994 14:09:50 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61804 |
Re: <table type="rowsortable">
From: Bruce Boughton <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2007 23:26:02 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
CC: Jeff Schiller <[email protected]>
Jeff Schiller wrote:
> On 4/4/07, Bruce Boughton <[email protected]> wrote:
>> So, while it may be beyond the scope of the UA to provide decent
>> sorting
>> for every conceivable data type, it *may* not be beyond the scope of
>> HTML to
>> define a protocol for delegating this sorting to a client side script.
>> Bruce Boughton
> How far is this from just using standard onclick handlers on the <th>
> elements?
In the simple case, not very far. However, to properly implement
sortable tables, you would not simply sort by a column when its header
was clicked; you'd provide indications in the UI of which column the
table is currently sorted by and in which direction
(ascending/descending). I'm sure there are more complex sorting models
too, such as sorting by multiple columns. If we were going to include
this in the HTML spec, I would expect the UA to take care of this UI
stuff for datagrids (or sortable tables) not the web page author.
Otherwise, you're right, there's not a lot of point. It depends how far
we take this.
Received on Wednesday, 4 April 2007 22:26:23 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61805 |
Re: "vastly increases reverse-engineering costs" and version proposal
From: Maciej Stachowiak <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 02 Jan 2010 21:05:27 -0800
Message-id: <[email protected]>
To: Adam Barth <[email protected]>
On Jan 2, 2010, at 6:09 PM, Adam Barth wrote:
> On Sat, Jan 2, 2010 at 1:45 PM, Larry Masinter <[email protected]>
> wrote:
>> However, in the case of HTML, it seems that the
>> "reverse-engineering costs" is mainly used as a reference
>> to the cost of determining what popular software (IE) did,
>> because other HTML engines wanted to be compatible
>> with the market leader.
> Speaking from personal experience, I've found it necessary to reverse
> engineer behaviors of IE, Firefox, and Safari. If you look through
> the archives, you'll see some of the results of that effort posted to
> this list.
During the initial and ongoing development of Safari, we've spent a
great deal of time reverse-engineering IE for Windows, IE for Mac
(completely different engine), Firefox and the Gecko-based
predecessors of Firefox. We have also spent some amount of time
reverse-engineering Opera, as they often have had to solve the same
problem of "split the difference between Trident and Gecko in a way
that maximizes compatibility".
>> I would claim that if there are market forces that
>> promote (a) (as happened at least in Browser Wars 1.0),
>> that little or nothing that is actually written in the
>> standard can matter.
> The current dynamics of the browser market appear to be that Firefox,
> Chrome, and Safari are incentivized to converge on a common behavior.
> The spec is a useful vehicle for negotiating and documenting that
> common behavior. Opera is likely on the same convergence path, but I
> don't have as many personal contacts there, so it's hard for me to say
> for sure.
My observation is that Opera is increasingly converging on common
behavior with Firefox, Safari and Chrome. Historically, they made more
of an attempt to emulate nonstandard IE behaviors, but increasingly
they are tracking the other way.
> IE is stuck in another equilibrium point where they appear
> to be required to support many non-standard APIs and behaviors.
> Whether they will eventually converge to the consensus behavior
> remains to be seen.
>> * What are the costs associated with reverse engineering?
>> When are those costs "vast"?
> Vast is of course relative to some scale. As a rough estimate, it
> seems safe to say that browser vendors burn at least millions of
> dollars a year on reverse engineering. I suspect this cost was even
> higher in the past.
>> Although there is some literature on the general costs
>> or processes of reverse engineering, this particular argument
>> seems to be addressed at the past cost of determining
>> Internet Explorer behavior.
> You seem to be assuming that everyone is reverse engineering IE.
> That's not really true. The Chrome team has a specific reverse
> engineering protocol that goes something like this:
> 1) Observe that a web site doesn't work
> 2) Does the web site work in Safari? If yes, then adopt the Safari
> behavior.
> 3) Does the web site work in Firefox? If yes, then adopt the Firefox
> behavior and try to convince Safari to do the same.
> 4) Does the web site work in IE? If yes, then the story gets more
> complicated because matching IE often involves deviating from
> standards, etc. Sometimes sites in this category go to evangelism,
> sometime they implement hacks, sometimes they convince Firefox and
> Safari to adopt the IE behavior.
> Notice that the protocol causes the web platform to converge on a
> consensus behavior.
We follow a similar process for Safari, except that we don't usually
test if a site works in Chrome first, since that rarely comes up.
To expand further on step 4: many sites are developed with dual code
paths - they are designed to work in either IE-like or Gecko-like
browsers. This phenomenon actually predates the current generation of
browsers - when we were first Starting Safari development, often the
two code paths were IE and Netscape Classic. In any case, the reason
this is important is that emulating a particular IE behavior to make
one site work can cause a cascade of failures on other sites, as you
end up either breaking the standards code path or falling into the IE
code path. You may end up pulling on a thread where you have to
emulate more and more proprietary IE features, until you get to some
that just aren't practical to copy, like ActiveX or VBScript.
In fact, a big reason we have sought to converge with Firefox rather
than IE is that the Gecko engine is easier to reverse-engineer. It's
open source, it's much closer to what is written in standards, and its
oddball behaviors tend to be less strange and quirky. We found this a
compelling reason even though at the time we started Safari
develpment, the browser market was over 90% IE and IE had clearly
superior Web compatibility.
Received on Sunday, 3 January 2010 05:06:00 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61807 |
Re: Juicy numbers?
From: Kjetil Kjernsmo <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:36:55 +0200
To: Ivan Herman <[email protected]>
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
On Friday 29 June 2007 11:11, Ivan Herman wrote:
> The problem is that, in some ways, you are comparing apples and
> oranges. Developments of GRDDL, for example, might blur the
> boundaries; access to various databases (like the Linking Open Data
> project) again bring data that is very difficult to compare with...
Indeed, and triples is a more useful metric than documents, but an order
of magnitude estimate, based on say, bytes, is perhaps not useless?
Kjetil Kjernsmo
Semantic Web Specialist
Opera Software ASA
Received on Friday, 29 June 2007 09:37:03 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61811 |
Re: Namespace attribute for steps that take wrappers?
From: Florent Georges <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 2009 12:34:19 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
2009/12/1 Henry S. Thompson wrote:
>> I think this is exactly the same context than with
>> xsl:element's @name and @namespace
>> <http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/#xsl-element>.
> Hmmm. I had forgotten about that precedent, if indeed I had
> ever noticed it. I am not sure it's a good one to follow -- it
> means _inter alia_ that the value of the name attribute does
> not really have type QName, because that type _requires_ there
> to be a namespace declaration in scope. . .
Stricto sensu, that cannot be a QName for real, as this is in
content. The best we could have is a *lexical* QName. In the
above case, we just say its URI part is looked up first in
@new-namespace if any, or in the in-scope bindings.
I probably missed something, but I am not sure where the
problem is with this approach.
Florent Georges
Received on Tuesday, 1 December 2009 11:35:07 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61812 |
Re: resources, stuffs and individuation
From: Dan Brickley <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2003 15:37:34 -0400
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
* Roy T. Fielding <[email protected]> [2003-04-23 03:11-0700]
> >The technology will change if we restrict "resource" to only refer to
> >things that are in some sense 'identified' by a URI. That has
> >immediate technological consequences for a whole range of
> >applications, or else we will have to rewrite several draft W3C specs.
> Which is, of course, why the current definition does not do that.
I believe many members of the RDF developer community, doing their best
to take 2396 on faith, will be glad to hear this stated so explicitly.
> >>If you can come up with
> >>a better definition and can get rough consensus that it doesn't
> >>exclude
> >>things that others consider to be resources, then I'll put that in the
> >>specification.
> >
> >I would prefer to not exclude anything. What's wrong with. "A resource
> >can be anything." I can't see any reason so far to impose any kind of
> >restriction on what can count as one.
> Anything includes those things that cannot be identified, and those
> things are not resources.
Are there such things? To claim so without adopting some specific
theory of reference / naming is a little vague. If my time in the Philosophy
dept taught me anything, it was that theories of reference are subtle
and unrewarding and liable to cause controversy. Which theory of reference
we adopt will influence our judgement about which things (if any) are
unidentifiable. I find little practical engineering value in
the mailto:[email protected] list engaging in discussions about "what counts
as being identifiable?", yet we're inevitably drawn to that by
making a thing's 2396-resource-ness dependent on whether or not it
can "be identified", whatever that means. From where I'm standing, the
simplest option seems to be to retreat to plain old 'resources are things'.
(this from someone who fled academic philosophy to avoid spending time on
futile debates about meaning and reference (doh! ;)).
Could you expand a little on this notion of 'things that cannot be
identified'? Specifically, on why there is value in having a technical
term for 'everything except things that can't be identified'.
...by whom? ...when? etc too -- can a thing become a resource? can a
resource slip from resource-hood and become unidentifiable?
I'd be particularly interested in use cases for where such distinction
has proved valuable in a Web context, and (if this even makes sense) some
examples of unidentifiable things? Could you describe a few of them?
> >>http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2002Jul/0128.html
> >
> >Thanks for the pointer, but Im afraid that only makes things worse for
> >me. I have no idea what you are talking about in this message. What
> >for example is a 'system of identification'? What is 'sameness of
> >essential character'? Does it differ from inessential character, for
> >example? Citing Webster isnt good enough, sorry: we are trying to get
> >these ideas tied down well enough so that we can use mathematics on
> >them. (BTW, if this is not a philosophical discussion, I must be
> >dreaming.)
> Heh, that's amusing. I'd cite the OED or some more definitive source,
> but they don't have a convenient website.
> Mathematics is a tool, not an answer. If you can't do the translation,
> then maybe you are using the wrong tool. What good is having a
> mathematical
> model if that model fails to correspond to what is supposed to be
> modeled? Maybe the wrong type of mathematics is being applied.
I think this tool could be applied with a bit more enthusiasm first, before
we admit defeat and agree that 2396's notion of 'identity' is just too
subtle and rich for the clumsy mechanisms of mathematical logic.
Re the 'wrong type of maths', yes there are aspects of the URI story
eg dealing with change over time which may mean we go shopping for a
formalism designed for representing such things. That is why it is imho
important to get answers to the questions Pat raised such as 'can something
stop being a 2396:resource?'. I'm not sure what the process is for doing so,
except proposing textual changes to the spec. Formalising the temporal
aspects would likely be a nightmare, which is one of the reasons I'm
happy with just saying 'everything is a resource, the end.'
FWIW we went through the same process with RDF. The 1999 spec was interesting
and evocative and specified in prose. Implementor feedback led us to go back
and clarify things with a combination of logic and test cases, I think with
some success. There was similarly
> >What do you mean by an 'identification mechanism'? (mechanism??)
> A system of identification that has been mechanized.
Turned into a machine or mechanical process? So that specific acts of
identifying can be undertaken without sentient supervision? I'm not sure
I follow, could you give some examples of such mechanisms?
> >Your example of the clock I find particularly confusing. Why would it
> >be a different resource if it gives me UTC time rather than local
> >time? The criteria for what counts as a resource seem to be getting
> >murkier with every sentence in your explanation, rather than clearer.
> >(BTW, can the time itself be a resource?)
> What is time? Please don't tell me it is an absolute quantity
> independent
> of any frame of reference.
> >Im not trying to be difficult, honestly. I am just totally confused.
> >None of what you say about resources enables me to get a clear picture
> >of what you mean by the term.
> I think you need to slow down and spend more time thinking about it.
> It's not as if this is a new subject, and I don't see any reason why
> you need to completely understand it in an day's study.
I believe Pat has more than done his reading and research, both in terms
of ploughing through relevant W3C and IETF specs, following mailing
list discussions, and through spending many years studying the
subtleties of building formal representational systems. He asked good,
if slightly bemused sounding, questions that may help tease out some
of the unarticulated design principles and assumptions behind
the RFC 2396 document.
> >Let me ask: why do we need to attempt to define or limit the term?
> >What is wrong with just saying, a resource can be anything?
> Because a resource must be identifiable.
I've just re-read
and am still puzzled. If by identifiable you mean
"in principle identifiable" rather than "in actual fact
identifiable 'cos it has a known URI", then you really do
raise expectations that those principles be articulated somewhere.
Maybe we could have a URI FAQ:
(this is proposed draft text for the revised spec btw):
Appendix X: Some common questions about Resource-nature...
Q: Are all things 'resources'?
A: No, only some things. Unidentifiable things are not 'resources'.
Q: Which things cannot be identified?
A: Only those things which, in their current history, have
not been named or in-principle nameable with a URI reference.
Q: What is it to be name-able by a URI reference?
A: To be the kind of thing that can truly be said to be named
by an RFC2396-formatted URI reference string.
Q: Are there any things that are not in this category?
A: At the present time, we do not know.
Q: Can an unidentifiable thing become identifiable?
A: Yes, either through improvements in Web naming
infrastructure, or through changes in its
Q: Are there any things which are currently 'resources'
but which were previously not identifiable.
A: This is an open research question.
Q: Can a resource ever stop being a resource, yet
continue to exist as a non-resource thing.
A: Only in the event of a catastrophic collapse in
the in-principle identifiability infrastructure.
etc. Ok the last answer was a bit flippant, but in general I'm
serious. These questions come up all the time, and the spec
rather than scattered mailing list archives seems a better
home for their answers.
Received on Wednesday, 23 April 2003 15:37:37 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61814 |
non-rendering of Steve Jacobs paper ... was RE: Business Benefits of Access-for-All Design
From: Al Gilman <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 09:25:35 -0500
Message-Id: <>
Re: http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-ig/2002OctDec/thread.html#519
"Why does this just come up as source in my browser?"
At 06:40 AM 2002-11-28, Ineke van der Maat wrote:
>Hallo all,
>I can read the interesting article Michael Burks mentioned as
>in Opera 7beta and tried it in Mozilla 1.2 too.
>I thought correct code of a site is important for accessibility and is
>on topic of this list
>When I only see codes in stead of text, I usually go back to the
>original directory and type very simple only that in the addressbar to
>see if there is an alternate version.
Thank you, Ineke, for that under-used recovery tip.
It appears that there is a dysfunction in the server. I haven't pursued
it to the point to know if it is a programming [Apache code] or configuration
[site administration -- site-wide programming of the content] error.
When you request the URL which addresses the directory and hence get the
default page in that directory, the server serves the page marked (in the
HTTP headers) as of type text/html.
that some browsers do but the TAG would like to discourage.
PS: What Mike Burks didn't do was to open a new browser and load the page
from the exact URL string that he was about to share in an email message.
Then again, if he has the most commonly used browser, he still would not
have found the problem. One has to use a picky beast like Lynx for such
>Ineke van der Maat
>With good will for the entire cosmos,
>cultivate a limitless heart:
>Above, below, & all around,
>unobstructed, without hostility or hate
Received on Thursday, 28 November 2002 09:24:12 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61815 |
Re: vCard RDF merge....
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 2009 18:39:50 +0200
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: Renato Iannella <[email protected]>
CC: Norman Walsh <[email protected]>, Toby Inkster <[email protected]>, Peter Mika <[email protected]>, Dan Brickley <[email protected]>, Harry Halpin <[email protected]>, Brian Suda <[email protected]>, "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Hi all:
I assume everybody is busy, but ... it is really urgent to have at least
a subset of vcard2006 stable and official asap. Maybe one can do it as
Dan did (afaik) in foaf - have a stable core and extend it in a
backwards compatible fashion as we go along. Make everything optional or
future extensions that is unclear at this stage.
But it is really hard to explain to anybody outside the field that there
are at least three incompatible ways of expressing a simple address. And
it puts a break on tool development, really.
Please, don't shoot the messenger ;-)
Renato Iannella wrote:
> On 24 Jul 2009, at 19:19, Martin Hepp (UniBW) wrote:
>> I think the vcard2006 ontology should be out quickly and simply define
>> the 40 % of the contact detail elements used in 95% of the cases ;-)
>> Don't let's start a new research project or complex engineering task,
>> but let's create a single, consensual recommendation for the basic
>> things now
> I agree 100%.....
> ....but must point out that the vCard2006 Ontology introduces
> properties that do not exist in vCard 3.0
> We should get these requirements into vCard 4.0
> Cheers... Renato Iannella
martin hepp
e-business & web science research group
universitaet der bundeswehr muenchen
e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.heppnetz.de/ (personal)
skype: mfhepp
twitter: mfhepp
Recipe for Yahoo SearcMonkey:
Talk at the Semantic Technology Conference 2009:
Overview article on Semantic Universe:
Project page:
Resources for developers:
Tutorial materials:
Received on Thursday, 10 September 2009 17:44:42 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61817 |
Re: usemap in XHTML 1.1 no longer a URI?!
From: timeless <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 08:07:39 -0500
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: html-w3c <[email protected]>
> Pop-up ads which mimic the look of operating system's error messages.
if the browser lets a web app mimic the os, it's a bug.
> And web pages which use Javascript or even a META refresh of zero
> seconds to forward visitors to another page while making it
> difficult for them to use their browser's back button to return to
> where they started.
if the user can't use back to go back to where the user wants to go, it's a bug.
Received on Wednesday, 27 February 2002 08:06:48 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61822 |
From: Chris Lilley <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 10 Dec 2005 01:50:34 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: Ian Hickson <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
On Saturday, December 10, 2005, 12:17:29 AM, Ian wrote:
IH> Section 14.1.3 Reference Restrictions lists five options (A-E). One
IH> option that does not appear to be listed as a possible option is for a
IH> link to point to an element inside the same XML document but outside
IH> the current SVG document fragment.
Yes, there are no elements in SVG Tiny 1.2 that have that particular
restriction (can point to somewhere in the current document, outside the
current SVG fragment, but cannot point to a different document).
tref, in SVG Full, would be an example of an element that can point into
the current document but outside the current SVG fragment. On the other
hand, it can also point outside the current document as well, so it
would be listed as a yes in columns B and D.
IH> Please update the specification to
IH> specify whether such links are invalid or not.
If a particular element is restricted to linking to somewhere in the
current SVG document fragment and it links outside it, then it has
clearly not met the restriction.
Chris Lilley mailto:[email protected]
Chair, W3C SVG Working Group
W3C Graphics Activity Lead
Co-Chair, W3C Hypertext CG
Received on Saturday, 10 December 2005 00:50:33 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61823 |
Re: Agenda request: Presentation attributes in animation sandwich model
From: Glenn Adams <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2012 01:30:08 -0700
Message-ID: <CACQ=j+dd5rAOHh+uB=EX_BeSLRdATbrHQ+d=CqN1kYN3mV_b0Q@mail.gmail.com>
To: Brian Birtles <[email protected]>
On Mon, Feb 27, 2012 at 11:22 PM, Brian Birtles <[email protected]>wrote:
> Having thought about this a little more (and having been persuaded by
> others), I think we can probably get away with the syntax divide.
> Ultimately the rule might look something like "animations applied through
> the style system sit on top of those applied directly to the elements."
> That would still allow a lot of the future situations I have in mind (e.g.
> CSS animations adding to SVG, SVG animations being applied through CSS
> etc.) Even if we were to phrase it as "CSS beats SVG" we could make it more
> generic later.
> Also, even with such a rule, I've been persuaded that it will still be
> possible to add more fine-grained control later so that we could have, for
> example, an SVG animation adding on top of a CSS one.
By "on top of" to you mean "has priority over"? The former expression is
vague, so please clarify.
Received on Tuesday, 28 February 2012 08:30:59 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61825 |
Question on "target"
From: Pete Macinta <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 05:38:24 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
First let me say thank you for all the work all of
you have done.
I am trying to validate a page in strict HTML 4.
For one line I have...
<a href="http://www.netscape.com"
target="_blank">NETSCAPE.COM and check for a
downloads link.</a>
The W3 site mentions taget as an sttribute of the
anchor, but the validator says there is no
attribute as target.
What is the proper code or is the validator
God bless,
Do you Yahoo!?
Received on Thursday, 28 November 2002 08:41:04 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61826 |
Re: XML production [2] vs. SGML declaration: C1 and DEL
From: John Cowan <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 31 May 2000 10:20:55 -0400
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
CC: James Clark <[email protected]>, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
"Martin J. Duerst" wrote:
> The difference is that the C1 control region and DEL are allowed.
> Why this difference? Do you think it is an error in XML?
I think it is absolutely an error in XML, but probably one that's
too late to fix now (because restricting those characters would
make WF documents non-WF).
Received on Wednesday, 31 May 2000 10:21:45 UTC
|
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61855 | From Tue Oct 07 17:42:25 2008 Return-Path: Delivered-To: Received: (qmail 71302 invoked from network); 7 Oct 2008 17:42:25 -0000 Received: from (HELO ( by with SMTP; 7 Oct 2008 17:42:25 -0000 Received: (qmail 95710 invoked by uid 500); 7 Oct 2008 17:42:21 -0000 Delivered-To: Received: (qmail 95696 invoked by uid 500); 7 Oct 2008 17:42:21 -0000 Mailing-List: contact; run by ezmlm Precedence: bulk List-Unsubscribe: List-Help: List-Post: List-Id: "Apache Torque Users List" Reply-To: "Apache Torque Users List" Delivered-To: mailing list Received: (qmail 95612 invoked by uid 99); 7 Oct 2008 17:42:21 -0000 Received: from (HELO ( by (qpsmtpd/0.29) with ESMTP; Tue, 07 Oct 2008 10:42:21 -0700 X-ASF-Spam-Status: No, hits=2.1 required=10.0 tests=DNS_FROM_SECURITYSAGE,HTML_MESSAGE,SPF_PASS X-Spam-Check-By: Received-SPF: pass ( local policy) Received: from [] (HELO ( by (qpsmtpd/0.29) with SMTP; Tue, 07 Oct 2008 17:41:18 +0000 Received: (qmail 73861 invoked by uid 60001); 7 Oct 2008 17:40:51 -0000 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; s=s1024;; h=X-YMail-OSG:Received:X-Mailer:Date:From:Reply-To:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Message-ID; b=eE9mFrwjVtuN/be7stFgFQgea7pqhhvyCBHNOPH4+7953TbucZZ/x8ZY+/1d1XUTXFop5/HAIM7YwPb5acuQSq4KZdF1sSRfOwqOi7r1I6EFadR0Wqv9mc715rlPQ/wMPithHIWtANNIPc2EABloJGDs4CaeqU+pqBj0PaPH7Dk=; X-YMail-OSG: lUWDNbUVM1mudC373p3X1XBPnuQOd..ky1hDi1Ug7lZeqs3YqfWhcoMvj5v0wnF9rWJl.G_F2Lfp5EAR1orr9XZwWtAtkxw2j4ZQPxd11imOJ5MRhKkQyyljKKRuEY3oieCB Received: from [] by via HTTP; Tue, 07 Oct 2008 10:40:51 PDT X-Mailer: YahooMailWebService/ Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 10:40:51 -0700 (PDT) From: Raj Reply-To: Subject: Torque generated code in a separate jar? To: Apache Torque Users List MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-449783711-1223401251=:59481" Message-ID: <> X-Virus-Checked: Checked by ClamAV on --0-449783711-1223401251=:59481 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Greetings All, We currently have the torque generated code in the same eclipse java project as rest of the business layer code. The torque code (BaseXxx, XxxMapBuilder) sits in a separate package 'com.compan= y.project.base'and gets compiled into a jar along with rest of the applicat= ion code. We are looking into creating a separate (persistence) project for the generated code and generate a jar that can be used in the business tier code in a different (business) project. The business project will also have the XxxPeer & Xxx classes that gets generated by torque but is=A0 modified. This way there will a lot fewer java files to work with whi= le searching, checkin , checkouts etc. Please let me know if you see any issues with this approach? Or is it somet= hing that we should have done in the first place? :) Cheers, Raj =0A=0A=0A --0-449783711-1223401251=:59481-- |
global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61877 | [SciPy-Dev] ANN: SciPy 0.9.0 beta 1
Christoph Gohlke cgohlke@uci....
Mon Dec 13 12:18:13 CST 2010
On 12/13/2010 8:12 AM, Ralf Gommers wrote:
> Hi,
> 0.9.0. This will be the first SciPy release to include support for
> problems on the scipy-dev mailing list.
> Binaries, sources and release notes can be found
> athttp://sourceforge.net/projects/scipy/files/scipy/0.9.0b1/
> <https://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/>. Note that not all
> binaries (win32-py27, *-macosx10.3) are uploaded yet, they will follow
> in the next day or two.
> There are still a few known issues (so no need to report these):
> 1. Arpack related errors on 64-bit OS X.
> 2. Correlate complex192 errors on Windows.
> 3. correlate/conjugate current behavior is deprecated and should be
> removed before RC1.
> Enjoy,
> Ralf
Thank you!
I ran into the following issues with scipy 0.9.0b1 on Windows when
building with msvc 9 and intel 11.1 compilers. Numpy is version 1.5.1,
linked against MKL.
1) after patching some source files and setup scripts (see msvc9.diff
attachment), "python setup.py bdist_winist" succeeds on 32- and 64-bit
Python 2.6, 2.7, and 3.1. The Visual C compiler reproducibly crashes
while compiling scipy\special\cephes\ndtr.c. Running the build command
again (without cleaning the build directory) seems to work.
2) the build process fails on Python 3.2b1 with the following errors:
scipy\sparse\sparsetools\csr_wrap.cxx(2451) : error C3861:
'PyCObject_Import': identifier not found
scipy\sparse\sparsetools\csr_wrap.cxx(2521) : error C3861:
'PyCObject_FromVoidPtr': identifier not found
scipy\sparse\sparsetools\csr_wrap.cxx(2544) : error C3861:
'PyCObject_AsVoidPtr': identifier not found
3) 32-bit Python 2.6 is the only platform where scipy.test() finishes;
albeit with 32 failures. Besides the Correlate complex192 and TestODR
errors (http://projects.scipy.org/scipy/ticket/678) I get
FAIL: Real-valued Bessel domains
Traceback (most recent call last):
"X:\Python26\lib\site-packages\scipy\special\tests\test_basic.py", line
1704, in test_ticket_854
assert_(not isnan(special.airye(-1)[2:4]).any(), special.airye(-1))
File "X:\Python26\lib\site-packages\numpy\testing\utils.py", line 34,
in assert_
raise AssertionError(msg)
AssertionError: (nan, nan, nan, nan)
4) scipy.test() on Python 2.7 and 3.1 crashes as reported in ticket
#1210 <http://projects.scipy.org/scipy/ticket/1210>
5) On 64 bit platforms, scipy.test() quits at the following test
test_interpnd.TestCloughTocher2DInterpolator.test_dense ... QH6084 qhull
internal error (qh_meminit): sizeof(void*) 8 > sizeof(ptr_intT) 4.
Change ptr_intT in mem.h to 'long long'
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Here's a small bug I've just faced: if you display someone's reputation, and you click on the small triangle to display the reputation, there's an AJAX call that is made.
Usually the answer is so fast that there's no problem.
But when the answer takes too much time, you have the time to click once again on the triangle, and to re-click for the third time (follow me?) so that there's another AJAX call that is made.
The result is that when both AJAX answers come, they're both appended, see here:
Small bug
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
This was an issue with how we were disabling additional fetches for a single day.
A fix will be pushed in the next build (after rev 2012.2.10.1004*).
* see footer's right for build number
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61901 | The Full Wiki
More info on Colin Moriarty
Colin Moriarty: Misc
Up to date as of February 01, 2010
From The Vault
Fallout 3 NPC overhaul project
Colin Moriarty
race: Human, Caucasian
affiliation: Himself
role: Saloon owner
location: Megaton
appearances: Fallout 3
quests: Following in His Footsteps
300 Pieces of Silver
actor: Mike Rosson
base id: 00000A61
ref id: 00003B3C
Colin Moriarty is Megaton's crime boss and the owner of Moriarty's Saloon, and speaks with a pronounced Irish accent, in the year 2277.
Colin Moriarty was born in 2227 and has lived in Megaton almost his entire life. Moriarty's father came to the former United States from Ireland with his young son, and amassed his wealth using the nearby trade routes, which helped secure Megaton as a trading hub in the area. Colin's father died during a raider attack in 2241 and his son inherited his wealth, including the saloon[1].
Daily schedule
He spends most his time in the saloon, and goes out for a smoke break every day leaning on the rail out front.
Interactions with the player character
He tells you where your dad is and tries to get you to do a job for him, and tells about how he saw you when you were a kid.
Colin Moriarty outside his saloon in Megaton watching "his town"
Moriarty has a computer which contains valuable information on the game's main quest. To access the information, you can either pay/speech Moriarty for it, get the info from Nova, the local prostitute working for Moriarty, or convince Gob, the ghoul bartender, to tell you how to access his boss' computer. The player can also go into sneak mode, pickpocket Moriarty's key from him, use it to open a cabinet in the back that contains his computer's password and gain the information that way. If you pay Jericho 20 caps for information, he will tell you that Moriarty keeps the payroll for Nova and Gob locked by his bed. Moriarty's bed is located upstairs in his saloon. Jericho informs you that Moriarty keeps the key around his neck.
If you are planning on blowing up Megaton and thus are not worried about bad Karma and can catch Moriarty in the back room at his computer, you can close the door and kill him (after talking to him about your father) and loot him and everything back there.
Main article: 300 Pieces of Silver
If you tell Moriarty you don't have 100 caps to buy information on your father, he will give you a cap raising task. He wants you to find a woman called Silver and get his money back. You can find Silver north-west of Megaton at Springvale, inside a ranch house.
You can keep all 400 caps Silver drops, assuming you didn't tell Moriarty that Silver is gone, if you acquire the information an alternative way; otherwise, she drops only 100 caps (which you can still keep).
• He can't be mezzed.
Apparel Weapon Other item On death
Merc Cruiser Outfit N99 10mm Pistol Moriarty's Office Key
Moriarty's Password
• Once Moriarty is killed, Nova will also no longer "sleep" with you if you rent a room.
• If Moriarty is killed, the name of the saloon will change to Gob's.
• If he is killed, Gob does not change his dialog.
Colin Moriarty appears only in Fallout 3.
Behind the scenes
• His name may be a reference to IGN editor Colin Moriarty.
1. Fallout 3 Official Game Guide
This article uses material from the "Colin Moriarty" article on the Fallout wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
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I participated in a group reading at Skylight Books tonight called The Lit Thing, wherein five of us chose to either rant or rave about books that influenced us when we were young 'uns.
This is my rant. People laughed. It seemed to go well.
I remember the Sweet Valley High books. Shakespeare they were maybe not. They were more like our fifth-grade version of crack. We gobbled them up, got high off them, passed them around, eagerly awaited each month’s installment.
The series started with Double Love, which came out in 1983. This was also the year of Return of the Jedi, so the same year that gave us Elizabeth and Jessica Wakefield also gave us the Ewoks. There’s a lesson in that, although I’m damned if I know what it is.
Elizabeth and Jessica Wakefield are better than you. They just are. They are golden Californian perfection, which looks like this: blonde hair, blue-green eyes, five foot six, wears a golden lavaliere necklace and drives a red Spider Fiat. They’re also a perfect size six. As a ten year old, this was a valuable lesson to me: perfection comes in size six. Which of course is too fat today – in the recent rerelease of the books, the twins are now a perfect size 4 (and they don’t drive a Fiat, they drive a red Jeep Wrangler, because the books are progressive like that).
Their mother, Alice, is blonde and youthful and often mistaken for their older sister (like your mom). She’s an interior decorator, so she has a career, but it’s not like a hard-driving career where she might come off as all power-hungry and shit, it’s about making things pretty and nice. Their dad, Ned, heads up a law firm. The parents have the decency to be absent for much of the time, so the twins can compete over basketball players, get kidnapped, get sexually assaulted, date bad boys who drive motorcycles, fall into comas, date princes with psychotic mothers who lock them in castle dungeons, traumatize fat girls, date rich boys who drive sportscars, switch identities, and the like.
The twins have a brother named Stephen. At one point Stephen dates a black girl, and this is very daring and audacious of him, before he decides that the differences between them are just too, well, different, and it would never work out.
When you’re ten, and then eleven, when you’re on the trembling edge of adolescence, you look for clues and cues to tell you how to be, what’s desired and acceptable. The Wakefield twins present you with your options.
You can be a good girl or a bad girl.
If you’re a good girl, you’re like Elizabeth. You’re serious and responsible and hardworking and sweet and loyal and just not particularly interesting. She’s the smart girl, the scholar, so she does supersmart things like write a gossip column for the school paper (in the new series, she writes an anonymous gossip blog and edits the school website. Because the books are progressive like that). On the cover of Double Love, she has her hair primly pulled back, is looking at you with disapproval, and wears a sexless yellow sweater. Her morally superior nature is further demonstrated by the fact that her best friend has the name Enid, which is about as sexy as that stupid yellow sweater. In Double Love, her good girl nature is rewarded, because she’s the one who gets the guy. The guy’s name is Todd and he plays basketball. These are his two distinguishing features. Somewhere, in some alternative universe, the book ends with Elizabeth releasing her inhibitions and straddling Todd the basketball player with a riding crop while Todd snorts cocaine off her left breast, but in this universe they just go to the prom. Or something. They don’t even meet any teenage vampires. These books happened before teenage vampires.
Jessica is the bad girl. We know this because on the cover of Double Love she has mussed-up hair, wears an edgy denim jacket, and stares out at the viewer with a come-hither gaze and a ready-for-anything smirk. Except Jessica isn’t really a bad girl because she doesn’t do drugs and she doesn’t have sex and she’s not working class, like this other girl Tricia in the book that she fears her brother Stephen might be dating (this is before he dates the black girl). Except Stepheen is actually dating Tricia’s angelic sister, so phew! -- everything ends happily there, until the angelic sister dies several books later of leukemia or something, but whatever. All Jessica does is lie constantly, exploit her sister’s good nature, cheat, use people for her own ends, torture fat girls, accuse Todd the basketball player of sexually assaulting her because she’s pissed off that Todd would rather date Elizabeth than her, and stuff like that. Jessica, you see, is a straight-up sociopath. But this is okay because she doesn’t actually have sex, which means she’s not a slut (like Tricia). Besides, she’s also massively popular, and popularity is good for your soul, and she's a perfect size six. I mean a size four. That’s the important thing, so we can forgive her in the end and give a wink and a smile and say, Oh, Jessica! That’s just your silly sociopathic nature!
And they live in the world of Sweet Valley, where the sun always shines, where the rich kids are total snobs (except for the nice rich girl who dies of a cocaine overdose, because Drugs are Bad), where girls compete for boys the way girls are biologically programmed to do, at least according to The Bachelor and those other very fine reality shows, where the boys can’t help but attempt to date-rape their attractive classmates but the girls never press charges or anything and it’s forgotten soon after, and where everybody is white and thin and heterosexual except of course when they’re not and they freak people out. Being fat is kind of okay because you can lose the weight and transform yourself from social pariah to Homecoming Queen, like this one character Robin does. Being gay, or of color, is a little more problematic. (At one point one character snipes to another, "I can’t believe she’s dating him, he’s so ethnic and working class"). So if you’re gay, or of color, you should live somewhere else.
These characters are happily devoid of intellectual concerns, never pondering whether or not there is a God or what they should do with their futures or even if they’ll have a future before global warming turns the world to soup. They go shopping. They go to parties. They go on dates. This confused me a bit when I was young, because I went into high school also expecting to go on dates, but dates were being phased out. Instead, you were described as “going with” someone, which means you were boyfriend girlfriend, which means you could make out and nobody would call you a slut. Now, of course, there’s this whole thing about “hookup culture” and giving boys blowjobs, because blowjobs don’t count as ‘real’ sex, but ‘hookup culture’ doesn’t exist in Sweet Valley. There, a blowjob is kind of like a unicorn: this mysterious mythical thing that nobody really believes in.
But what I learned from the series was that you could be a good girl, like Elizabeth, or a bad girl, like Jessica. Bad girls have all the fun, but they’re sociopaths, and also they don’t get rewarded with the really nice boyfriends like Todd the basketball player. Also, bad girls aren’t so bad that they actually have sex. You can dress sexy, and act sexy, but it’s kind of like a game of pretend, or a performance, like when your younger brother dressed up as a squirrel in his third-grade play. He’s not really a squirrel. He’s just teasing.
Jessica seemed like the powerful one because she was sexy. It would take me years to learn that although it’s fun to have the sexy, it’s not like the sexy translates to real power. It doesn’t change social policy or get you into the corporate boardroom unless you’re sneaking in there to have sex with the CEO on the conference table. Not that I ever did this, but you get my point. If sexy was powerful, then Dick Cheney would be popping diet pills and wearing fishnets. But he is not.
Elizabeth isn’t sexy, because although sexiness is kind of good, sexiness is also bad. It gets you into trouble with those boys who want to date-rape you in their cars after they take you to the Dairi Burger. Is it possible for a girl to be compassionate and smart and sexy? Is it possible for a girl to be good and bad? The universe would probably implode if this happened. You can be sexy and dumb and glamorous, or asexual and smart and completely boring. You can even be a sociopath. What you can’t be, however, is complex.
Thank you, Sweet Valley, for teaching me what it means to be female. For teaching me about rich boys and basketball players and sororities and lip gloss. For teaching me that girls, even twin sisters, should compete for guys, because guys are such a limited natural resource. And that there is no problem on this planet that can’t be saved, in the end, by your own massive popularity. Oh, and that nice girls shouldn’t take drugs because drugs will totally kill you dead.
I’m really glad, Sweet Valley, that you’re moving on to teach these lessons to the new generation of young girls who will look to you as eagerly as I did for such cues and clues and messages. Because it’s not like they’re reinforced by the larger culture or anything. It’s not like those messages get beamed at them over and over from the television and the movie screens and the advertising they see all around them. Maybe that was the case when I was ten, but things are really really different now. Girls know they are prized for who they are inside, that they matter, that boys should treat them with respect and not as random booty, that competing in the Hotness Olympics is ultimately a trap that sets you up to be dismissed or discarded. They know that they can go on to have full, dynamic careers and won't have to 'choose' between work and family because of things like excellent maternity leave programs and wonderful universal daycare and husbands who happily do half of the housework. They know that they can even run for President without getting flak for their hairdos, because it’s not like any of us are put in our place through our appearance anymore. Except in you, Sweet Valley, so may you live forever.
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Jun. 17th, 2010 11:43 pm (UTC)
Excellent. It's funny how I didn't really think about it at the time, but my overwhelming memory of reading the SVH books was how bad they made me feel about myself.
Every day I felt awful and like I would never be happy because I was short and flat-chested and kind of a geek, and the SVH books only reinforced my feeling that I wasn't normal, and that because of those abnormalities I would never be able to have the kind of life all of the other girls obviously got to have. After all, if Jessica and Elizabeth lived this awesome dating-parties-boys-and-friends lifestyle, obviously, all teenagers did, but I didn't so there must have been something wrong with me.
But I still read them, at least until they got to like number fifty or something. And now I wonder why. Was it because I wanted to pretend that was my life, or was it because I just wanted something else to reinforce my horrible feelings about myself? A lot of other girls read them and I find out now they felt the same way, so why did they read them?
I wonder how that translates into YA fiction today, if it does?
Jun. 14th, 2011 07:52 pm (UTC)
OMG I totally thought the same thing when I was reading them in junior high/high school too. I figured all the other girls must be living this life - but I'm stuck at home being boring and dull and an outcast. I felt the same way watching Beverly Hills 90210.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61912 | Submitted by -Mezzo- 984d ago | preview
IGN - Call of Duty: Black Ops II Impressions
IGN - Keep calm and grab a shotgun. We try the Hardpoint multi-team deathmatch from Treyarch's anticipated shooter (Call of Duty: Black Ops 2, PC, PS3, Xbox 360)
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IWentBrokeForGaming + 984d ago
Give it an 11 out of 10 and lets be done with it! lmfao
CPTN MITCHELL + 984d ago
The reason why I don't play any call of duty games ( we dominated a lot of 12yr old) this guy suck ass
GamingManiac + 984d ago
Specifically... you know? lol
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61913 | Submitted by StartWars 884d ago | video
Project CARS Build 375 Formula B hands-on gameplay videos max settings - Team VVV
VVV: "We've been drooling over Project Cars' stunning screenshots for some time now, but were never able to actually sit down and play it for ourselves. Until now." (PC, Project CARS, PS3, Wii U, Xbox 360)
Attached Video
cannon8800 + 884d ago
Max setting on 720p? It would have been nicer if it was 1080p. But overall it was still nice to watch.
wow looks awsome!
Morgan_Freeman + 884d ago
There will be intense debates between this and the next Gran Turismo.
neoMAXMLC + 884d ago
Let's just hope their physics engine is vastly improved over their previous NFS Shift games. That's what completely ruined those games for me.
hiredhelp + 883d ago
This is miles better than shift trust me as a fan of GT Serious since psx days and a backer of Project Cars if you like the way GT5 simulation feels you love this.
ABizzel1 + 884d ago
Already looks gorgeous with nearly a year to go before launch.
360ICE + 884d ago
In fairness, GT5 looked gorgeous 5 years before launch :P
Sp1d3ynut + 884d ago
True....but then they released the actual game ; the generic cars were so ugly, it ruined the overall look of the game...
360ICE + 884d ago
Yup. The generic cars were a let down, for sure.
But the game did look gorgeous at times. Give me some of that Amuse s2000.... oh yeah. MMMmmmmm....
No, but the premium cars do look good.
coolmast3r + 884d ago
This game makes very noticeable progress. Awesome. But it won't beat Assetto Corsa in terms of physics. Kunos Simulazioni are going to release a tech demo of AC (PC only) in the beginning of 2013. So we all will be able to see who's the true king of racing simulation.
demonddel + 884d ago
A true Forza Killa
metroid32 + 884d ago
It's out in March 31st 2013 on wiiu/pc
#7 (Edited 884d ago ) | Agree(1) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
donman1 + 883d ago
This game is going to be perfect for the Wii U.
level 360 + 884d ago
Very impressive video.. not the drive.
Color of the graphics and design of the background looks sorta Turn 10/Forza-ish.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00000035_processed.jsonl/61956 | Antarctic Astronomy Diaries 2003/04
13 November 2003
14 November 2003
15 November 2003
16 November 2003
17 November 2003
18 November 2003
19 November 2003
20 November 2003
21 November 2003
22 November 2003
23 November 2003
24 November 2003
25 November 2003
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01 December 2003
02 December 2003
03 December 2003
04 December 2003
Monday, December 01, 2003
Things we said today
This morning we were expecting a Twin Otter to arrive and whisk us off to Terra Nova Bay; this, however, did not happen. It appears that the storm that is creating the overcast and windy weather here has shut down both McMurdo and Terra Nova Bay, so we're stuck here for the foreseeable future.
This was a bit of an anticlimax, as we're all packed up ready to go. We therefore spent most of the morning writing up notes for the next AASTINO team, and burning CDs of our photos to share with people around the Station. There's still some useful things that we could be doing out at the AASTINO, and I promised myself I'd give it a quick run-over with the vacuum cleaner so it would be spick and span for the next team, but it's hard to work up the energy. The weather here is also not conducive to outside work - still miserably windy (though not particularly cold, being around -32 C).
Taking advantage of our extended stay, the Station Leader, Luigi, asked if we could give an evening talk about astronomy in Antarctica. This was a perfectly reasonable suggestion to which I readily agreed, having 100 Megabytes or so of PowerPoint presentations and slides already spinning merrily around on Ding-dong's hard disk. Even Luigi's idea that, if I gave him some of the slide titles in advance, he would have then translated into Italian, sounded eminently sensible.
Things then took a radical turn from the straight and narrow when I decided to give half the talk in French, and suggested to Anna, who is trying to learn Italian, that perhaps she could read the Italian notes at appropriate intervals. What followed was an afternoon of major hilarity, with Chiara preparing notes for Anna, and me attempting to retrieve my school-boy French from the catacombs of my mind. We received enthusiastic and willing advice from passing Francophones and Italian speakers, all of it well meaning but, I suspect, not all of it entirely accurate.
As the appointed time drew near I found myself surprisingly nervous. Typically I give a dozen or more public lectures a year, so I'm usually perfectly relaxed about it, but this one had me almost as stressed out as when I gave a talk a few years back to the Astronomical Society of Australia scientific meeting...in verse.
After dinner, Anna and I were so engaged in rehearsing our performance that we failed to notice the time, and arrived in the Free Time Tent to find most of the Station already gathered in eager anticipation. Unfortunately the computer projector decided, perhaps wisely, to dissociate itself from the proceedings and failed to switch on. There was a delay while a 17-inch monitor was borrowed from someone's computer and placed on a chair on a table, and we got underway with the audience tightly clustered around the display.
It all went reasonably well, in that not a single beer can was thrown and the French reacted very calmly to what was possibly the worst massacring of their language since Bill Wyman sang "Je suis un rock star". Anna received many compliments on her Italian accent, and I was pleased to be able to join in some discussions after the talk in French.
To be fair, speaking on a scientific topic in French is easier than it might be, as so many of the words are the same as or very similar to their English counterparts. "Instrument", "precipitation", "astronomie" sound like perfect French if you just say them in a funny voice. The hardest challenge are words like "construirer" (to construct) which, for anyone unable to pronounce the European "r", are a complete nightmare. Jean Louis sat in the front row and prompted me on words I got stuck on, which was very kind of him.
Emerging from the tent after the talk at around 10:30 pm (it was broad daylight of course; the sun does not set here at this time of year) it was a joy to see blue sky and bright sunshine. The weather now is perfectly OK for the Twin Otters to land and take off - the only question is when the storm on the coast will ease enough to allow us to land at McMurdo or Terra Nova Bay. It appears we may be here for some time.
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