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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1434 | Alcohol in her college days, but has stood strong as a sober adult…
Article about Sober celebrities
You: Did you play any music before you got sober. In fact Ive always wondered about that too haha. Cooper: I mean I was raised a Jehovahs Witness and that all music is considered rebellious towards God, so I just never had it in me to listen to anything that wasnt Christian. I can totally understand your reasoning though. Cooper:, Sigh, The thing is I really didnt even want to be an actor, I just wanted to act. I mean in my head it felt like it was supposed to be me. You: How the hell did you get hooked. Cooper: Ive never said this to anyone before, but the first film I ever did was The Break Out. The director was John Waters and I got to act with him on his film. I just remember him being very protective of me. He always told me I could do anything I wanted. I dont know how much I took to that, but I did I guess, because I always followed his advice. Since Id already made it through those tough early years of my life with him, I had a great deal of confidence in Johns ability to take care of me. The only other thing that helped was the drugs I went to on the set. I would take those in an attempt to block out the world around me. You: How exactly did you get hooked on drugs. Cooper: I guess it was probably when I was in my early 20s. I was in a movie called The Nut Job and I think I was on stage with some other actress friends and my character died when the set collapsed on us. We were all supposed to get rescued, but a crane failed to come to the rescue. The thing that probably saved my life was, as they were putting me on a stretcher they called me over to the head of the stretcher and I remember looking at that woman sitting there saying, Thats my mother. I dont think I was even supposed to be in the movie anymore because I was just a glorified extra in this big Hollywood movie that had no real purpose and I was dead on set.
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A Random Matrix Measurement Update Using Taylor-Series Approximations
An approximate extended target tracking (ETT) measurement update is derived for random matrix extent representation with measurement noise. The derived update uses Taylor series approximations. The performance of the proposed update methodology is illustrated on a simple ETT scenario and compared to alternative updates in the literature. |
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1440 | I was alarmed to see that someone uploaded one of my old GPL'd projects to Github. Github has refused to remove it however, and suggests I contact the uploader who is completely anonymous and cannot be contacted. Even though the GPL allows copying, this is alarming because Microsoft is a malicious company, both now and in the past.
Or what if Microsoft attempts to give itself rights that are not addressed by the GPL?
Years ago, the "fine print" on Sourceforge literally said that by uploading code you are assigning copyright to them. It was a clear attempt at theft-by-lawyer. All Microsoft has to do is change their fine print for 1 day and they can claim that my code is theirs.
In summary:
1. Was GitHub correct to reject my takedown request?
2. Is there any plausible legal theory or strategy by which Microsoft could lay claim to my code/copyright, based on the actions of this anonymous uploader?
Your question concerns a case where Author A publishes original work under the GNU GPL, and then Person B uploads it to GitHub. You ask whether it would be possible for the transaction between Person B and GitHub to affect the ownership of copyright title to the work by Author A.
Simply put: no. Person B does not have standing to perform a transfer of title to GitHub, since they don't hold ownership of the copyright title. Therefore, even if Microsoft drafted an agreement that required Person B to transfer copyright title to GitHub/Microsoft, Person B couldn't fulfill their end of such an agreement, even if they erroneously misrepresented their ability to do so. Person B can't under any circumstances sell or give away a copyright for which they do not hold the title. You might as well also worry that Person B will sell the house you own without owning the deed: Person B doesn't hold any property rights for the property in question, and so does not have standing to transfer those rights.
If Microsoft tried to rely on Person B's grant of copyright title to use Author A's work in other software under terms incompatible with the GPL, Author A would have standing to sue for Microsoft's unauthorized distribution of a derivative work. In such a case, it would be Microsoft's responsibility to ensure they didn't infringe copyright, and their misplaced agreement with Person B does not eliminate their liability for infringing Author A's copyright, especially since the work would be marked with Author A's copyright notices rather than notices with Person B's name. Any agreement with Person B affords no legal defense to Microsoft, so if Microsoft had an interest in violating Author A's copyright, it would be much faster and just as (in)valid to use the work illegally outright, without spurious justifications about some unrelated third party.
Corporations use tools like chains of title and contributor licensing agreements when using outside code (including open source software) to mitigate liability that the outside code might include improperly-licensed parts whose author did not license its use. The idea that a corporation might actively seek out or deliberately engineer such risk within their codebase seems nothing sort of an attempt at legal self-destruction.
Person B does have rights under your GPL license grant, but those rights decidedly do not include the ability to transfer title or even to grant a permissive license to Microsoft to use the software outside the conditions of the GPL. However, those rights do include redistribution rights, so Microsoft was correct to decline your DMCA takedown. Generally, anyone who receives software under the GNU GPL may redistribute it however they please*, and those recipients have the right to distribute it further, etc. This definitely allows recipients to post copies of the software to online servers to facilitate further distribution. You gave permission for your software to be redistributed in this way when you licensed it under the GPL.
The GPL FAQ further clarifies that the GPL does not even require a redistributor to notify you (nor does any FLOSS license require this).
In the case of GitHub in particular, there has been some speculation that their terms of service are technically incompatible with the GPL, but even the FSF itself has found the possibility very unlikely. (See Are the new GitHub Terms of service a kiss of death for open source projects?)
A much more plausible (but still hardly airtight) formulation of the problem would be if Author A directly uploaded the work to a site that did require transfer of copyright title, as you hypothesize in your "1 day" case. If Author A agrees to be bound by such terms of service, then there is at least a glimmer of plausibility that Microsoft could receive copyright title or a permissive license grant. (I still think there could be serious obstacles to a court upholding such a usage agreement, but it is at least plausible.) As the situation actually is, though, Author A has not uploaded their work to GitHub, and Person B (who is not a rights holder of the work in question) cannot even begin to give Microsoft the necessary rights for this scheme to succeed.
* Redistribution is allowed as long as they meet the requirements to preserve the GPL notices/permissions downstream and that any binaries are accompanied by source; see MadHatter's answer as well.
| improve this answer | |
APSillers' answer is excellent, but I'd add one thing: although by licensing under the GPL you gave permission to anyone to redistribute your code, you by the same mechanism required that such redistribution be under the relevant version of the GPL. If this github repository isn't clearly GPL'ed, then a copyright violation is occurring, and you as the rightsholder have every right to have this repository taken down.
Whether that's happening in this case we have no hope of saying without knowing the exact repo in question.
| improve this answer | |
• Just to clarify "every right to have this repository taken down", do you mean that OP could require GitHub to remove it, or the person who posted it? – JBentley Aug 7 '19 at 17:32
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@JBentley either, as the OP chooses. GitHub must act promptly on receipt of notification that it's distributing infringing content in order to retain safe harbor status under OCILLA. – MadHatter Aug 7 '19 at 19:16
• @MadHatter Maybe, maybe not. I know that Microsoft/GitHub will not take any action against projects that are represented as being AGPL but actually have additional licensing terms that are not part of the AGPL. Though that may be because the actual violation is against the copyright of the AGPL itself, so only the FSF can file a formal copyright complaint. – StackOverthrow Aug 7 '19 at 21:34
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@TKK that is likely because the only people who can issue a meaningful OCILLA takedown notice are the rightsholders (or their designated agents), which in your example is probably not the FSF, but in this case is the OP. Anyone else complaining may lawfully be ignored. – MadHatter Aug 8 '19 at 5:01
To address some of the questions in the follow-up edit(s), since the GPL redistribution aspects are well covered by other answers.
For instance, what if Microsoft does something illegal
If someone is going to break the law and steal your code, then they are going to break the law and steal your code. It makes absolutely no difference whether the code is hosted on Github or any other site. Even if the code is only available on your personal website, somebody could download it from there and use it in violation of the open source license, for example by incorporating it into a closed-source project.
Licenses are not magic spells; they don't prevent somebody from using the code in an unlawful way. What they do is give you the ability to take that person to court if they violate your rights (assuming you find out about it).
like assign the copyright of my work to itself, or give itself rights that are not addressed by the GPL?
Microsoft cannot "assign" copyright of your work, nor can Microsoft "give itself rights" to your code, because it is not their copyright to assign in the first place. Only you as the copyright owner can legally assign your copyright to somebody else, and only you can choose to grant rights to other people through the choice of an open-source license.
If Microsoft were to claim rights to your code which you hadn't granted (either individually to Microsoft, or generally to everybody via the GPL) then they would be making a false claim and possibly breaking the law, at which point they could be sued or prosecuted depending on exactly what they did and which legal jurisdiction they did it in.
No they could not, because even if Github had a clause requiring copyright assignment (which it doesn't), the person who uploaded your code to Github was not the copyright owner (you), and therefore had no authority to assign copyright to Microsoft. Unless Microsoft's corporate lawyers are shockingly incompetent, they are not going to make such a clearly false claim.
It doesn't work like that. Changing the terms on their website doesn't magically seize ownership of all code that is currently hosted on that site. If Microsoft did wish to change the terms of Github to require copyright assignment (which I'm 100% sure they will never do, because nobody would use it on these terms and the site would be dead in a heartbeat), the change would only apply to code that was uploaded after the new terms were put into effect, and would require explicit agreement by the copyright holder at the point where they uploaded the code. This would mean that Microsoft would probably need to delete all existing projects (including yours) that did not agree to copyright re-assignment.
Regardless of how you may personally feel about Microsoft, your concerns are unwarranted. Your code does not become vulnerable to some kind of "copyright seizure" simply by being on Github, because there is no such concept.
The only rights Microsoft have to your code is the rights you have chosen to grant via releasing the code as GPL. If you did not want them to have those rights, you shouldn't have released it as GPL in the first place.
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• 1
"then they would be making a false claim and possibly breaking the law" Yes, but if someone used the code in a closed-source software, you'll never know that they broke the law. – Tobias Knauss Aug 6 '19 at 17:49
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@TobiasKnauss Not necessarily true. High level code compiles to patterns that can be detected. It just requires using all versions of a compiler to generate the patterns. Furthermore assembly language code assembles to the same specific patterns. – user15474 Aug 7 '19 at 16:27
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@derik If you were the one who uploaded the code to github, perhaps it would be theoretically possible, but it is dubious. Github TOS only affect its users, changing it still would not allow them to demand to be given rights from people who can't give those rights in the first place. – Pablo Aug 8 '19 at 7:59
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@derik If you have asked a lawyer and know something not covered in the answers here, feel free to provide your own answer. Self-answering questions is not only allowed but encouraged. – Polygnome Aug 8 '19 at 8:00
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@derik - I've read a lot of absurd claims in software TOS and license agreements, e.g. "The copyright of anything created with this tool automatically falls to us." and "We can stop providing the service [you paid for in advance] at any time without stating a reason. Your only legal remedy is to stop using the service." This is jsut not how the law works. They're merely speculating that some poorly informed users will take it at face value and not insist on their rights. There's little difference between MS writing "we now own your code" in their TOS or on their christmas wishlist. – Ruther Rendommeleigh Aug 8 '19 at 9:13
Short answer: Probably not a violation.
Long answer (using the relevant part from GPL - since you did not specify the version):
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program.
Did the uploader comply with the requirements above? Then it is not a copyright/license violation.
For the (new) second part of the question (which was added after this answer was posted) I can only refer to apsillers' excellent answer. (In short: No, there isn't any plausible legal way for them to do that)
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There is no "probably" here. Your quoted paragraph is straight from GPL v1. The current v3 contains the same (with different wording and some extensions, none of which restrict the right to copy and distribute). OP does not mention anything about missing copyright notices, but is clearly asking about the simple fact that someone published the GPLed code on github. – AnoE Aug 7 '19 at 8:46
• @AnoE Agreed with you that there is no violation if the upload was done in compliance with the license (the highly likely scenario in my mind). But - since OP did not give additional details - there is the (miniscule) chance that the uploader did not include e.g. the copyright notice, which would violate the licensing terms. Thus I felt the need to include the "probably" in my short answer; there are enough details to make an educated guess, but (at least for me) not enough to be 100% certain – CharonX Aug 9 '19 at 7:34
The ability to redistribute the source code code (to a site like GitHub) is a fundamental aspect of the GNU/GPL licence. If you wish to prevent someone from doing this, then perhaps releasing the project / code under a different licence would be worth while.
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That wasn't really my question. Please read it more closely. – user15474 Aug 7 '19 at 22:00
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@derik Your question was "If someone else uploads my GPL'd code to Github without my permission, is that a copyright violation?" and you opened by saying you were "alarmed to see" that this had occurred. This answer addresses both parts. The first sentence tells you (by implication) that it is not a copyright violation. The second sentence implies that you don't have a justification to be alarmed, because you made the choice to use GPL and therefore authorised this kind of scenario. I therefore think this is a perfectly valid answer to your question. – JBentley Aug 7 '19 at 22:21
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@derik if you feel it's been edited away from what you were asking, you should edit it back! If you choose to let the edits stand, you can't be upset at people who answer it as-is. (Note: I see you've edited it, good for you, though I fear the anti-MS ranty bits may yet get removed again.) – MadHatter Aug 8 '19 at 5:04
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@derik I copy-pasted it from your original unedited question. – JBentley Aug 9 '19 at 9:00
The question title now reads, "do they not put [my code] at risk of being stolen by Microsoft?", and nobody has yet addressed that part of the question since all the previous answers were written when the question title was, "is that a copyright violation?" So I'll try to address the new part of the question.
No, Microsoft won't steal your code, because they would not benefit from doing so.
Let's assume for now that you're completely correct in characterizing Microsoft as a malicious company, who would steal code in violation of its license if they could get away with it. GitHub is a site used by millions of coders each day, many of whom are extremely cautious about legal terms and read them carefully. If GitHub's terms of service changed to, say, assign copyright to Microsoft, even for a few hours, people would notice. There would be news stories about it all over the Internet, and lots of people would be contacting their lawyers. Pretty soon there would be a class-action lawsuit going; you might not think that a single individual can afford to sue a big company with deep pockets, but that's exactly the situation that class-action lawsuits are designed for. (Class-action lawsuits can also be abused as a lawyer-enrichment mechanism, but that's a topic for a different Stack Exchange site and not on-topic here). If Microsoft were to change the GitHub terms of service to claim rights they're not actually entitled to, they'd be facing copyright lawsuits from thousands and thousands of people, with statutory damages of up to $150,000 per case (17 U.S.C. § 504(c)(2)) since it would be easy to prove intentional infringment in such a case. That adds up to billions of dollars, far more than Microsoft would gain from such a move.
Now, maybe your GPL'ed project is something that Microsoft could make trillions of dollars by stealing, but I doubt it. Most open-source projects are small, limited in purpose, and not all that valuable in objective terms. So the cost of the lawsuits Microsoft would face would far outweigh the money they would make by stealing GitHub-hosted code with an illegal ToS change.
So even if we grant the premises of your question (that Microsoft is malicious and will steal anything they can get away with), they would lose more than they would gain, so they won't do it.
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• Your assume Microsoft isn't a copyright troll. You assume the courts don't side with big corporations. You assume techies noticed when Sourceforge did the same stealing trick in their ToS. They didn't. – user15474 Aug 9 '19 at 15:50
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On the "courts don't side with big corporations" part of your comment — look up the McDonald's hot coffee verdict. Look at how many corporations settle out of court when sued because they don't want to go to court where they think they might lose. The actual interactions of the courts are actually quite interesting once you read them, and you might learn a thing or two about how the law actually functions in practice, as opposed to in theory. – rmunn Aug 9 '19 at 19:43
Something I want to note is the GPL aspect of this question: If someone uploads your code to GitHub, and GitHub does not have terms of use that contradict the GPL, that someone is perfectly entitled - and indeed, licensed by you, to do so. GitHub are also licensed to further redistribute the code, as long as they are not in violation of the license.
That is, you cannot prevent someone giving a copy of your code to Microsoft even if you believe they are malicious, whether or not they are malicious, while simultaneously licensing it under the GPL, as long as that redistributor is acting within the license. You could even say that the GPL is explicitly designed to permit redistribution to and by all sorts of entities without regard to their general level of malice, as long as they do not act in violation of the license.
Other answers such as InfiniteDissent's one address the key points about licenses and terms of use not being magic spells. I would, however, like to add a few points.
First if a site were to require granting of rights you'd rather not, and then you agree to those terms and use the site, you have in fact granted those rights yourself, as outlined in the agreement you accepted when using the service. This does also mean that anyone who is not the copyright holder would be violating copyright when uploading works to such a service. Indeed, requiring worldwide perpetual non-exclusive licenses to redistribute, perform, display, sublicense (etc.) is a relatively common practise on a lot of websites, and probably millions of people commit minor copyright breaches in this manner every day.
Second, a site having such a clause in its terms of use without it being particularly called upon might seem underhanded, but is not by any means forbidden or illegal - the terms of use are at least ostensibly a legally binding contract that you are expected to read and that you indicate you have agreed to. What I want to note, though, is that this is materially different from Microsoft "changing their fine print for 1 day", for several reasons.
• If Microsoft were to change the GitHub terms of use without a 30 day notice, they would be in breach of the current terms which require such public notice
• They would have to make the wording retroactive for it to be retroactive, and even this would not automatically grant them new rights - and indeed, they almost certainly know that such an action would place them under immense legal liability by turning both themselves and a sizable amount of their users into copyright violators
• Even if they did not have the 30 day notice requirement, they could not do such a change discreetly, without notice, "for one day". As said, contracts, licenses and such are not magic spells - unilateral amendments to a contract are generally not enforceable without "reasonable notice". If they did not tell their users that the terms had changed, and then changed them back, it would simply seem like they were trying to claim that their terms of use had a clause it could easily be observed it did not
• Even if they somehow managed to completely unnoticed make everyone grant them such rights, and then they tried knowingly fraudulently enforcing those rights, they would likely do so by means of lawsuit, and a court of law would be relatively likely to find that they were indeed making a fraudulent copyright claim
Finally, even if you think Microsoft is a malicious entity out to steal your copyright, ultimately as a publicly traded corporation it seems quite unlikely that they would take such actions in full public view, destroying an "open source credibility" they have recently been building, as well as making a product (GitHub) completely unfit for the purpose they bought it for (at a price of $7.5 billion US dollars). That is, the people who control the corporation probably wouldn't sink over seven billion dollars down the drain for what appears to be no or minimal gain.
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• It is strange that you think a company will behave ethically just because it is publicly traded. Do you live in a bubble? – user15474 Aug 9 '19 at 15:53
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@derik I don't read anything about ethics in this answer. (What language here is ethics-related in your reading?) I see only an explanation of how such a strategy to underhandedly acquire copyright of submissions would permanently destroy their credibility as a a player in the open source community, which would put them at a massive practical disadvantage. – apsillers Aug 9 '19 at 16:30
• That's correct; I believe they think the github product and userbase is worth more than seven billion dollars, because that's what they paid for it. You don't need to consider ethics when weighing whether to throw seven billion dollars away for no reason or not, though hopefully you would. It's a matter of legal liability and huge amounts of money, which are things the owners will definitely care about because it directly effects the value of their investment. – user10186512 Aug 10 '19 at 16:19
No, they can copy or fork your whole code into a new GPLed project, or copy or any parts of your code into other GPLed projects, and distribute it however they like.
I'm assuming that copyright notices remain intact on this copy of your project. Other answers cover the possible copyright violations if that wasn't the case.
I think the only possible offense here is plagiarism, if they claim to have written it. That's a separate thing from copyright violation.
To simplify, let's consider another case: I publish a book of plays and poems. I put my name on it. But the works inside are word-for-word copies of Shakespeare, whose name doesn't appear anywhere. The work is in the public domain so there's no copyright claim to be made, but I've committed a new offense by claiming to have written them. (This is a kind of fraud against society, as well as or instead of against Shakespeare.)
This may not actually be a crime, I'm not sure. But if the project doesn't credit you, that's probably why you're feeling offended even though (from what you've said) there's no sign of a copyright violation.
See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_rights for more about the moral rights of authors to get credit for their work, regardless of copyright law. Some countries even have legislation supporting that.
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Possibly. The GPL requires distribution of build scripts and so forth. If source code only was uploaded and this was not sufficient to build the system then the licence conditions have not been met, so there would be no permission to distribute the source code.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1463 | The Autobiography of Mrs. Tom Thumb comes out next Tuesday. This story of a little woman with a BIG personality is definitely a department favorite. Whet your appetite with this fun video of Melanie Benjamin’s BEAUTY AND THE BOOK interview, in which she talks about her book (and Gone With the Wind–she’s named after THAT Melanie) gets a makeover, and visits an antique railroad car. Enjoy.
[youtube nSxZVjrwXqs]
Melanie Benjamin talks about her book (and gets a makeover).
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1470 | Prevent Mishaps With Hypothyroid Meds
Rxs for hypothyroid meds (Synthroid, etc) are still causing confusion...due to different formulations, dosing units, and strengths.
Formulations. Be aware that it's generally okay for patients to switch levothyroxine products (Synthroid, Unithroid, etc) if needed. Many are considered equivalent to each other by FDA.
But get your pharmacist involved before making any changes. A switch could cause small fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels...especially if the patient has been on one manufacturer for a while.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1482 | CRAM App Analyser
CRAM App Analyser is a "privacy advisor", which allows you to check the apps that may represent potential issues to YOUR security and to YOUR privacy.
Once launched the scan, the apps will be divided into:
• Potentially dangerous: all those apps which request a potentially dangerous combination of permissions;
• Cost money: all those apps which can send SMS messages and/or perform phone calls without your knowledge;
• Access SMS messages: all those apps which can read, record and/or monitor your SMS/MMS messages;
• Access phone calls: all those apps which can monitor, modify and abort your outgoing phone calls chiamate and/or read your's call log;
• Track the geographical location: all those apps which can track your geographical location;
• Read personal information: all those apps which can read your personal information, such as: sensitive data, contacts list, calendar event, web history or others;
• Access to the Internet: all those apps which can connect to the Internet without your knowledge;
• Startup: all those apps which are automatically launched at the boot/reboot of your device.
Clicking on any of the mentioned items, the list of affected apps will be shown (in red if suspicious or potentially dangerous).
For every app, it will be shown:
• Icon;
• App name;
• Package name;
• Author;
Clicking on an app, it will be possible to access to its detailed information page and/or to send it to the CRAM (Anti-Malware Research Center) of TG Soft for a detailed inspection, in case you suspect this is a malware.
Furthermore, in all the items, the apps can be order by:
• app name;
• package name;
• installation date.
Finally, it is also possible to send the list of apps installed on the device to the CRAM (Anti-Malware Research Center) of TG Soft for the analysis, in case you suspect the device is infected with some malware. The CRAM researchers will analyse the list of installed apps, giving priority to those cases in which some potentially malicious apps are found.
As this is a free service, the answers will be provided (via email) accordingly to the other activities of the CRAM.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1488 | Communication and Information Management( Health Information )
The appearance and setting out of assignments or presentations, is a component of the Unit Assessment Guidelines. So also you will find criteria relating to mastery of language and expression. Communication competencies are a degree requirement too. The purpose of this document is just to provide some hints on how to better present work, using report format. It is not the same as clinical report format. This paper is about documents as an alternative to essays. This is how most Australian Commonwealth and State government departments present their documents.
This paper should be considered ‘work in progress’ and it will be continually updated. As I find frequently occurring errors in student’s work I will use them (anonymously of course) to show how problems can be corrected.
Firstly see the Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers. This held at the University libraries in open reserve. It is not an expensive book to buy.
(2002) Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers. Stafford, Queensland: John Wiley and Sons, Australia. ISBN 2002 070163648 3
2.1 Section Headings
Use an assignment cover page – this is a UWS requirement for all written work and do not forget to put one on handouts or short papers. You MUST tick the declarations. Although not a Turnitin requirement many unit co-ordinators require this because of details of contact information- especially useful for external and blended learning units.
• Executive Summary
This summarises the content of your paper. An executive summary covers ALL the content ie topic, definitions, rationale, issues covered but also includes a summary of findings, all the main points, recommendations and implications of these recommendations eg costings, major changes in service delivery, etc. The executive summary (ES) should reflect the content requirements of the assignment you are submitting in summary form. Note it is not the same as an abstract, which and usually only hints at findings. The ES states what you found not what you intend to cover in the assignment.
An ES must stand alone. It is a separate page for this reason. It is intended as an alternative source of information to the whole paper. Often it is printed as a separate document. Executives or management may read this one (or two pages if a large document) only to make a resource allocation decision. They may wish to check some details and not read the whole paper. Note that an ES comes before the contents page. It is given number i.
An ES is not used for a very short paper or a handout eg two pages!
An ES may include references but they are acknowledged in the ES ie it has its own list of references or footnoted references. Any reference used in the ES if re-used in text must also be included in the references section of the full report.
• Contents Page
Number and list all section headings and use these in the text- and obviously the numbers will match. Include page numbers where the sections can be found. You are more likely to type a report and then set out the contents page (CP) afterwards. In fact, word will do this automatically for you. It’s a good idea to set out three (hidden) columns for the section number, heading and then page number. For example:
(Title page is not listed on the contents page)
i. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
ii. Acknowledgements ii
iii. Contents iii
iv. List of Tables iv
1. INTRODUCTION (NOTE FULLCAPS) 1
1.1 Definition of the Issue (Note all leading caps only for key words not prepositions) 1
1.2 Rationale 6
1.2.1 EG Epidemiology of injury (note first leading
cap only) 6
1.2.2 Cost – but only use sub-headings if there is substantial content to follow- not a few lines 6
1.2.3 Etc
2.1 etc
Then number all other sections through to the conclusion:
This includes a general overview of findings and recommendations.
APPENDICES (NOTE alpha order not numbered)
A. Give this a title. Do not use numbers, use alpha.
B. Give this a title.
Always see how the contents page looks – more white space may be needed or less? References are a numbered section on the contents page. It is not called a reference list.
For a very short paper eg two pages a contents page is not used- nor an ES as explained.
2.4 Referencing.
This is crucial in report writing for two reasons to acknowledge the origin of the materials used and for the reader to be able to identify the exact page in the source document that you are referencing. It is NOT enough to just drop in a reference or several at the end of a paragraph or sentence– you must acknowledge as you use the source. Academic writing requires insertion of the reference at the EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY. This can be as follows:
Smith 2013: 666. or Smith 2013, p. 666.
Check marking criteria- most assignments only want recent references ie within the last five years unless the document is considered very important or seminal. Also a minimum of ten references ie valid , recent and appropriate references is often in the marking criteria. Turnitin can verify dates of publications.
Common referencing mistakes:
• Note the use of p. not pp. or pgs. Alternatively try 2013: 666. Note the space! If you see // marked on a returned paper it is an editor’s note that means space was omitted.
• Always place: publisher. Note space after use of : Do not write publisher then place- this is the wrong order.
• Only italics for text titles or the name and volume of a journal not the title of the article. Use italics for items used from web sources too.
• After the author’s surname use a comma, after initials use a full stop eg Smith, G. E. – and watch the spacing. With several authors end with “and” and there is no comma before and eg Smith, G. E., Jones, F. L. and Boggs, W.
• Do not use “&” signs in report format any where.
• No underlining should be seen in references except for web sites.
• DO NOT EVER just drop an author/report title and date in at the end of a paragraph- this does not indicate who wrote what or where all the sentences in the paragraph came from. Did you quote the whole paragraph?
• Integrate references into text eg According to Smith (2007) or Jones observed/found/reported/noted etc; or in the NSW Health Annual Report (2006).
• Personal communications are put into the text only and NOT in the reference at the end. Name the person, their position title, date of communication and write Personal Communication.
2.5 Quotations.
If only a few words are used they may just flow in the text eg Smith (1999: 16) concluded that “… xxx”. Longer quotes need to be set out properly ie indented, single spaced with author year and page reference. Always page reference quotations. An example follows overleaf.
Smith 1999: 666 concluded that:
Try and get into the habit of putting the page number immediately after the year so you do not forget to include it!
A maximum of 5% in any assignment may be quoted ie 75 words in a 1500 word assignment. You are advised to use your own words because even paraphrasing can be detected with Turnitin software text matching.
2.6 Tables, Graphs and Charts.
All tables, graphs and charts must be numbered and titled using leading capitals. They must be talked about in the text not just left on a page to speak for themselves. Try to draw out the main point(s) you wish to make. It is also a good idea to use a text box to contain the information. The source of information contained in them must be acknowledged with a page number if not original.
Table 1. Why Students Attend Report Writing Skills Workshops
Source: Smith 2002: 6. (Note that ALL sources must be page referenced, or at least table, chart number acknowledged.) Do not source to a web page rather to the document used from that web page.
2.7 Use of Op. cit and Ibid
Increasingly government reports do not use an end list at all for references but only footnotes. You do not use both. This is an option in Microsoft word. The advantage is that once you use insert reference, a number pops up[1] in the footnote and it helps you remember to insert the reference. It also means you can use the following abbreviations:
Ibid which means you are acknowledging the reference already cited immediately above – it is exactly the same reference ie same author, year and page so just write Ibid. When citing content from a different page but same author use Ibid: p. XX. That is note the different page. Do not use a string of Ibids- it means that you have not used appropriate wording in the text to indicate continuing use of the same reference. Try also, furthermore, in addition etc. in the text to make it clear you are using the same source.
Op. cit[2] which means you are acknowledging ONE of the references above, which means that author and year or report title and year must be included in the footnote. Be careful to acknowledge the page number.
2.8 Spelling and Grammar.
• Use grammar and spell check. Again get fussy and be consistent!
• Set language to Australian English- do not use UK or American spelling eg “z” in organisation.
• Report format uses past tense not active case eg it was found that ….
• Avoid use of the first person eg I, we, us. Try saying “It will be shown that…”
• Slangdo not use don’t, won’t, etc. Formal language only should be used in reports.
• Never start a sentence with “but”, “and” “because” or numerals. Write the number in full.
• Muddling singular and plural in the one sentence. My advice is to just use plural all the time. This also helps you think about populations not individual clients.
• “And” is always written in full in text- never &.
2.9 Formatting Problems.
Headings: If you use full stops in headings stick to them. Be consistent with indentation. Make sure headings are numbered. If they are minor headings use of bold may be enough.Otherwise all headings are numbered and this number matches the number provided on the CP.
Underlining: do not use this in report format. It is a cue to the printer to use bold.
Bullets: They must be led in with a clause or sentence. Make sure all points logically flow from the lead in clause. For an example see your unit outlines objectives:
Students will:
• Develop an understanding of …..
• Explore ideological approaches to….
• Critically examine …..
• Differentiate….
Note that if the point starts with a leading capital it ends with a full stop. If you use small case then finish with a ; not a full stop.
• Do not change case or tense through a list of bullet points.
• Do not use one-sentence paragraphs as this is journalese.
• Use an extra white space between paragraphs.
• Do not number every paragraph in the text.
• Do not put a heading at the bottom of the page and text on the next! Or use : at the bottom of a page. Always check print preview before the paper is printed off to check that it looks good.
Any number ten or less should be written in full in text, eg ten.
Acronyms – once used stick to them eg WHO, etc. As long as it is not in a heading abbreviations should be used at the first opportunity. Select edit function and then use find and replace to locate first use. If an abbreviation is used in the executive summary make sure it is repeated in the main paper because the summary must stand alone.
White space – the look of a paper can often be improved with better use of blank or “white” space. Do not cram things in – try and space it out so it looks good. Too much white space can slow the reader down and unnecessarily use more in paper. In a text book a new chapter always starts with a new page. However, if your sections are short there is no need to start a new page. For the executive summary, contents, acknowledgements, references and appendices always start a new page.
Page numbers – do not forget to number the pages.
2.10 Punctuation.
Use of leading capitals in text. If you talk about an organisation or a department then use all small case. If you refer to the Department use a leading capital for Department eg NSW Health..
Use of commas: There is no comma before “and” or after “including”. There is always a comma after however when it used at the start of a sentence. There should be a comma before “which”.
The difference in use between : and ; must be observed. The latter is for a string of clauses in text. The “:” is to make something stand out. Most mistakes seem to be made from not holding the shift key down.
Plural has no apostrophe. Plural ie more than one, which usually only requires an “s” at the end eg doctors or some variation eg communities. Do not use an apostrophe eg its GPs not GP’s.
Possessive case – This is an unusual error but becoming more common and students put the apostrophe all over the place. Possessive case refers to something or someone belonging to another eg “the child’s mother” ie it could be reworded to “the child of the mother”. Another example: “this country’s health care system” which could be reworded to “the health care system of this country”. If in doubt reword! The best bet is to avoid using the possessive case altogether. It is not generally used in report format.
3.1 Addressing nerves: do your homework and thoroughly too. You must be able to field questions and talk confidently about the topic. If you are nervous slow breathing down, breathe more deeply. Move away from the projector so the audience looks at the overheads not at you.
3.2 Content
• Use recent referencesnothing over five years old unless you justify it during the talk.
• Acknowledge sources just as you would in a written paper- it is still plagiarism not to do so. Put author, year and page numbers on all overheads with quotes, charts etc.
• Give an introduction: introduce yourself and then say the topic and where you are taking the discussion. Eg background information will firstly be covered with key data and findings as well as the rationale for studying this topic. I will then look at…., evaluate the proposal and offer recommendations for future action at the conclusion.
• Put less on the overhead than you will say- ie talk to the key points- do not put everything on the overhead. Write notes on your set of overheads then you do not have to read from notes.
• Do not just put what is on your handout on overheads.
• Make it interesting: find some data – graphs, pie charts etc and some pictures or cartoons.
• Make sure that you critically analyse the information presented– do not just describe the topic but comment on it eg limitations, advantages, gaps in knowledge, conflicting findings etc. This can be the difference between a passing and credit grade.
3.3 Presentations skills
• Reading from notes is so boring. You need to maintain eye contact and engage with the audience. Make sure you are very familiar with the topic so you can just talk to points on the overheads. Many students make the mistake of putting too much content onto power points which is why they have to read from them. If you are nervous read out the introduction or definitions from a notes or cards and have the same information on an overhead and then you will probably relax. Do not forget you will probably know more about the topic than any other student (or even the lecturer) so relax- you are the expert here- if you are well prepared.
• ALWAYS take a set of overheads in case something goes wrong with power point.
• Time yourself.
• Audience participation– depending on how long you have got this is a good idea eg ask questions, do a quiz. Write answers on the white board.
3.4 Overheads and Power Point:
• Use font 18-22 for all overheads and do not make the excuse that the print was too small in the web site or text page- use the enlargement facility on a copy machine!
• Do not read your overhead while it’s on the projector- it’s bad for your eyes and likely to give you a headache. Always print off a copy for yourself of all your overheads.
• Do not read from the projection because you are turning your back to the audience and talking to the wall.
3.5 Handouts:
A good idea to use so students retain the information presented and the lecturer has a reminder of what was covered. Check the marking criteria- they will have a page limit eg two pages. You do use report format ie numbered headings but no ES or CP because it’s a short doc. Also use formal language and references are marked. References on the power points or overheads may also be marked.
[1] Like this- but be careful- the font may be rather small like this. You can increase font size to 12 which is easier to read.
[2] Op. cit: Smith and Jones (2006), p. 242 or Op. cit: Smith and Jones (2006: 242). The latter is easier to type!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1491 | THIS is professional WOT game play! Decha + forbidden35 [FAME]
THIS is professional WOT game play! WORLD OF TANKS
#WoT #Worldoftanks #WoTeu #WoTna #WoTpc
Support my Channel if You like:
Map Fisherman’s Bay
Decha [FAME]
Object 430U
Damage 10541
Enemy vehicles damaged/destroyed 11/8
forbidden35 [FAME]
Object 430U
Damage 8313
Enemy vehicles damaged/destroyed 11/8
Hardcore Letsplay: Maker of “Funny WoT Fails & Gains” “YOLO KINGs” “ARTY KINGs” “CARRY KINGs” “DERP KINGs”
+ every day: WoT replays of top dmg/frag games.
If you have nice replays in one of those categories feel free to send me the link into Youtube inbox.
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Xem thêm bài viết khác:
1. Nothing but HEAT spamming. Got absolutely no respect for gold spammers like that. Has NOTHING to do with skill!
2. And every single shell hits???? Heat trough tracks???? Only 1 miss and 4 non-pens???? How, just tell me how! Mine every third shell goes missing (talking about SkG-s gun/lowe or other precise guns with food, shooting at stationary tanks and giving good lead on moving ones). And I never pened tracks section with dmg done, only detracking.
Something just aint right here, fck me if it is
3. All those bad comments about gold ..can u noobs do something near to it? Show us pls or shut up. You 45% wr players must be grateful to those unicorns Who wins for u .
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1495 | El Deafo
El Deafo
Written and Illustrated by CeCe Bell
Primary Source Pairing:
When reading a graphic novel, visual literacy is in high gear. Students are using the images and the words to visualize the story. Graphic novels are valuable for all types of students. CeCe Bell has created a coming of age story about how we are all unique and different and the challenges we face. Pair El Deafo with an image of the actual Phonic Ear and teacher microphone from Bell’s website.
Questions for Discussion:
• Describe what you see.
• What do you notice first?
• What can you learn from examining this image?
• If someone made this today, what would be different? What would be the same?
• How does reading a graphic novel differ from reading a novel with no pictures?
Book Cover and Summary: Follett
Phonic Ear Image: CeCe Bell’s website (photo collage created by JMarek)
For more information on graphic novels and visual literacy, visit the website for the ALA presentation “Graphic Novels, Comics, and the Common Core: Using Graphic Novels Across the Elementary Curriculum.”
Visit CeCe Bell’s website for additional information on her work, her process, and upcoming titles. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1518 | Example Java Pipeline
Java Example
This guide covers configuring continuous integration pipelines for Java projects. If you’re new to Drone please read our Tutorial and build configuration guides first.
Build and Test
In the below example we demonstrate a pipeline that executes mvn install and mvn test commands. These commands are executed inside a Docker container, downloaded at runtime from DockerHub.
kind: pipeline
name: default
- name: test
image: maven:3-jdk-10
- mvn install -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -B -V
- mvn test -B
Please note that you can use any Docker image in your pipeline from any Docker registry. You can use the official maven or openjdk images, or your can bring your own. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1549 | Dsl Wireless Router Settings
DSL modem provides the internet service to the devices connected to it through a wireless router. The DSL router has the basic features of an advanced router that enables you to connect other devices to the internet. Otherwise, you can buy another advanced router with an in-built DSL modem and configure the wireless router settings to support the DSL internet service. Carry out below-mentioned steps the DSL wireless router settings.
On Netgear router:
• Step 1:Connect the DSL modem and the WAN port of the router using an Ethernet cable.
• Step 2:After that, connect the router’s LAN port and the computer with another Ethernet cable.
• Step 3:Now, launch a web browser application on the computer and visit the router console by entering the router’s IP address.
• Step 4:When the access page opens up, enter the login credentials to log in to the router console.
• Step 5:In the Basic panel, click the Internet menu and then choose Yes if you need a login for the internet connection.
• Step 6:Below that, input the username and password provided by the Internet Service Provider.
• Step 7:Select a suitable option as Connection Mode, which can be Dial on Demand, Always On, and Manually Connect.
• Step 8:For Dial on Demand, the service is automatic when you try to access the internet and terminates automatically after the connection is idle for the set timeout.
• Step 9:Choose Always On to keep the connection turned on always.
• Step 10:Or else select Manually Connect to start the connection according to your requirement.
• Step 11:Next, go to the Advanced tab and select Administration on the left side pane.
• Step 12:Click the Router Status option under Internet Port; you can find the IP address and other network information.
• Step 13:If the IP address is a public IP address, select Connection Status in the Internet Port section, check the network information, and click Connect.
• Step 14:By using these steps to configure DSL wireless router settings. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1559 | On 23rd November 2019 , over 1,300 people in 76 cities across Zone 8 participated in a festive celebration of Sathya Sai Baba’s 94th Birthday. Many people who did not know about Baba were happy to learn about Him and His teachings. Inspiring talks were given, and people shared their spiritual experiences and the programmes ended with devotional songs. Everyone felt blessed to be part of the divine mission and the auspicious Birthday celebrations. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1565 | A wrapper sqlplus script for dbms_xplan.display_cursor
When producing SQL execution plans with rowsource statistics, one has a choice whether or not specify the sql_id. It’s simpler to run dbms_stats.display_cursor without specifying sql_id, but it can be tricky, because then the plan for the last statement executed by this session will be displayed, and it can be not the statement you expected, especially when running the statement from a GUI like Toad. But even with sqlplus you can still get unexpected results, e.g. a plan for a hidden call to a dbms_output routine instead of the last statement you ran.
Below I describe a method to bypass this difficulty.
Copy your SQL into a file (let’s call it slow_query.sql). Then in the same directory open a sqlplus session, and in it run the wrapping script as shown below:
set termout off
set serverout off
set linesize 200
set pagesize 9999
alter session set statistics_level = all;
spool slow_query_plan.lst
spool off
You can save it to a script and used it repeatedly with different queries (all that needs to be changed is the name of the script with the query on line 6).
The script produces a text file with nicely formatted plan with rowsource statistics, ready for analysis or posting. Note that since the output is suppressed
(for the reasons explained in the next section), in case of a SQL error you won’t see one — if that happens, just temporarily re-enable the output (set termout on,
set serverout on) to find out the cause of the error.
If you’re not interested in how it’s working, then you can stop reading — just copy-paste the script below, and you’re all set.
For those who are more curios, I’ll describe the purpose of individual instructions in the script:
set termout off — suppress output of query rows on the screen. This is necessary, if the query produces many rows of output: displaying them would slow down the script considerably
set serverout off — I’m not entirely sure how, but this line takes care of wrapped sqlplus calls to dbms_output.disable or dbms_output.get_lines. If you don’t add this line, then you may end up having the plan for one of such call instead of your statement
set linesize 200 — this makes sure that lines aren’t wrapped
set pagesize 9999 — prevents headers of plan columns from appearing on each screen
alter session set statistics_level = all — this is the key to obtaining rowsource statistics (i.e. how many rows were produced at each step and how long the step took), without it the execution plan is almost useless for tuning
The rest of the script should be fairly self-explanatory.
A map to AWR report
Types of sections
For simplicity, I break AWR report sections into following categories:
1) basic (key information)
3) advisories (helps find optimal values of parameters)
Continue reading “A map to AWR report” |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1571 | London Parents Forum
How the senior school admissions process works
11 November 2017, 10:15 AM - 11:00 AM
The senior school admissions process: how does it really work? Are pressurised prep schools and tutoring the only ways to succeed?
Understanding how to navigate the 11+ and 13+ systems is a minefield for many. This talk will provide you with the complete picture on how to navigate the world's most competitive and complicated system.
Our Panel |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1575 | Dr Brian Frank, Dr Franken, Dr Frank Mccall discussed on The Weekend with Joe Pags
Fifty dollars. For each treatment instead of fifteen hundred or three thousand a lot of patients fine. Okay. That's an avenue that I could get. Well. Okay. So let's let's reset this for a second. You're listening to super health. That's Dr Brian Frank. I'm Kyle drew talking about various options when it comes to stem cell therapy. There's a lot of people who maybe have been putting this off. They know that their hip is aching. They know that the doc said ou might need knee replacement. They're in pain they're walking around gimpy and they have explored stem cell therapy. And they go, whoa. So that's the price of this stuff. Without knowing that there are three different versions of stem cell therapy. And the most expensive one is the one that you hear advertised all the time. But on this show, we talk about all of the effective ways of getting stem cell therapy, including classic prolotherapy. Which is what Dr Brian Frank is talking about today. It's impressive that you say that each of these have about the same response rate. So so we're not talking about I'm kind of getting the one that's not quite as effective, but at least it's cheap. No, we're talking about things that have pretty much equal effectiveness. But here's a version that is affordable relative to the expensive stem cell therapy. It's affordable. And it's one of these things that has a great response rate. And it's using your body's own natural stem cells to do the regenerating is that a decent summary of what I just heard. Yeah. That's a that's a great description. And and you know, I also liked it always mentioned to my patients. I'm an anesthesiologist. I've spent decades in the operating room, I'm not opposed to surgery sometimes you need surgery. But I oppose the surgery before it's necessary. You know, when when it's because the vast majority of surgery in America is is elective that means were electing to do that. It's not emergency. And so I'm just a big proponent of doing things conservatively. I because gee whiz. You know, there are problems that can happen in surgery. My my own mother had a total knee replacement and the surgeon was great. He was a friend of mine, but she didn't do very well with it. She had a number of other health problems at probably entered into that. But she really would have done better. If she was taken the conservative route, I get it. And that's the thing is that if there if there's only one option. Presented to a patient. Well, then obviously the patient's going to go with that one. And only option if there's a number of options, then you get to decide together, then the process of deciding your treatment can actually be collaborative with your physician rather than just something that I mean, again what I see out there. In in various physicians offices, Dr Frank I know it wouldn't surprise you. But it it's it is surprising to me how sometimes a patient will walk in. And the doctor will just say okay here the things that we're doing today. And here's how we're going to treat you, and there's very little conversation with the patient at all. And the patients you said, he yes, sir. Yes, ma'am. No, ma'am. No, sir. Well, there's very little no, ma'am. Or no, sir. But there's a whole lot of. Yes. Whatever you say. And whatever the price is. Yes. Yes. Yes. I love your approach dock. And I know that when patients come to you I've seen it personally hands on when you were treating my wife, and I know that you spend time and others who have come to you of reported back to me they've been spies, by the way. Dr Franken is we'll just tell you. I've had spy and they've all reported the same thing, man. This guy is caring, man. This guy spends a lot of time, man. He gives me great options. And he understands that I have a wallet. That's not an. Inexhaustible? I want you to give Dr Frank McCall, if stem cells are something that you're looking at I want you to consider prolotherapy. Classic prolotherapy..
Coming up next |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1581 | Contact Us
Watch Christian Sermons Online (Sermons Archive) » Jentezen Franklin » Jentezen Franklin - Miracles In Your Home
Jentezen Franklin - Miracles In Your Home
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I wanna show you something that maybe you've never thought about as I begin the first message in this series, There's a story in 2 Samuel 12, and it says this in verse 3. "But the poor man had nothing except one little lamb, which he had bought and nourished". Notice that. Listen. "And it grew up together with him", listen to the specific wording, "and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank from his own cup, and lay in his bed or his bosom, and it was like a daughter to him".
In the text in 2 Samuel 12, Nathan was given an assignment from God to confront David about the sin that he had committed. He had committed adultery, and he had killed Bathsheba's husband to cover it up. He had spun a web of lies, and he was not the same man that he used to be. He's not the same David that we read about who would spend hours in worship. Private meditation and worship. Playing the harp. Writing songs of adoration to God. Something had shifted in this text. He was proud now. He was arrogant.
As a matter of fact, the Bible said in 2 Samuel 8 that David had gotten him a name. We would say he's made a name for himself. The scripture puts it that way - that he got himself a name. He had become famous. He was so famous that they were writing songs about him. The women would sing songs about David. David's name was so popular that mothers were naming their babies after they gave birth after King David. They would name their babies David. He had gotten him a name, but something had shifted in his heart. He no longer was a man after God's heart, but now he was living in deceit, and living in a lie, and living in adultery, and living in sin, and pretending. And Nathan the prophet was given the assignment to go confront this man. This man who had become so vicious, so bloody that he had killed an innocent man named Uriah to cover up his own sin.
So there's no doubt that Nathan was even probably approaching the palace that day with consternation, and fear, and worry. That he could just turn on me and kill me right there on the spot. And so he's going through his mind as he's approaching the palace. I could see his pace slow down. I could see him maybe kicking a rock down the road or whatever, just trying to ponder in his mind - what am I going to say? How can I somehow find that David that used to have a heart after God? Who loved Him with all of his heart, mind, soul, and strength. How can I reach him?
If there's a little flicker or flame left of the man that he once was that was so passionate for God. And now that he's famous, and he's powerful, and he's got wealth and palace, and everything that the world can offer, and his heart is so cold. And as he approaches the palace, he says I know what I'll do. When it's all said and done, if there's anything left of David, of the man he used to be - the spiritual, loving God man that he used to be - I'll tell a story about a shepherd and a lamb. And he walked into the palace that day, and David was sitting on his throne.
And David knew that he was a prophet from God. And David looked at him. And when he did, he said back to him, David, I wanna tell you a story. He said, what kind of story? He said, it's a story about a lamb. And suddenly a little flicker of the love that David once had when he was a little shepherd boy watching his father's sheep. Fighting bears and fighting lions to guard the sheep - the precious sheep, the lambs - he would hold them in his arms. And he said, I wanna tell you. He said, then tell me the story. And he said there once was a rich man, and there once was a poor man. And they both lived in the same city, and they both were in the same location - one on one side of town, and one on the other. The rich man held wealth, and power, and prestige.
David's leaning in now, and he's beginning to listen. He had flocks without number. He had hired shepherds who tended after his flocks by the hundreds and thousands. He had a beautiful home. And he was prominent, and he was powerful, and he had all that you could imagine. And living in the same city on the other side of town was a poor man. This poor man had times when his family went to bed hungry. They had no wealth. They had no house to speak of. It was just a shack. They were just poor people. A man married to his wife, and they had a little boy, and a little girl. They had children.
They were unknown and unimportant. The total opposite of the rich man was the poor man. He only had one possession that we're told of in the text. He had one lamb. One little lamb is all that he possessed. They lived in the same city, but they were worlds apart. One powerful. Famous. With wealth. With fame. With flocks without number. Thousands and thousands of lambs. And one family that's poor, and unimportant, and unknown by anyone. And all they had in their home - the Bible said they had it in their home as a part of their family. One little lamb.
When I hear the word lamb, I can't help but think of the Lamb of God. Jesus is known - if He's known for anything in scripture, He's known as the Lamb of God. When the Book of Genesis opens up, Isaac is asking his father on top of Mount Moriah, as the altar is built, and the knife is laying there, and the fire is kindled. And he says father, where is the lamb? The Book of Genesis opens with the question, where is the lamb. The New Testament opens in the first book with John the Baptist pointing his finger and saying behold. He's pointing at Jesus, and he's saying behold, the Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world.
The Book of Revelation ends with the multitudes in Heaven on a sea of glass around the throne of God, and the Lamb is central. And they're singing in the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible - worthy is the lamb that was slain. Worthy is the Lamb that was slain. The Bible talks about a donkey that would have a colt. And this colt that this mule would have, or donkey, would have to be consecrated to God. This is talked about in the Book of Leviticus. And if it was the first-born - the Bible said that if they didn't bring a lamb for that first-born colt, then they had to break its neck. And on Palm Sunday, we read that Jesus, through the prophecy of Zechariah 7, comes riding into Jerusalem on a colt.
Why was He riding on a colt? Why not a white stallion? Because He was fulfilling the Old Testament, where if the first-born of a donkey was not redeemed by a lamb, they had to break its neck. And Jesus, the Lamb of God, was riding in on a donkey. He was saying I'm the Lamb of God. And because I'm the Lamb of God, your neck doesn't have to break with judgement because I'm gonna take it. I'm going to bear it on the cross. I'm going to take your sins to the cross as the Lamb of God.
The Book of Revelation - the central theme of the Book of Revelation is the revelation of Jesus Christ. The Lamb, He's called 27 times in one book - the Book of Revelation. The revelation of Jesus Christ is what the book is called. The Book of Revelation is not the uncovering - the word revelation means uncovering. It's not the uncovering of the antichrist. It's not the uncovering of the end times. It's not the uncovering of prophecy. Certainly those things are in there, but we shouldn't make that the central theme of that book. It's not the uncovering of 6-6-6. The Book of Revelation, if it is anything, is the revelation or the uncovering of Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God. Twenty-seven times in the Book of Revelation, the Bible calls Jesus the Lamb of God. He's the slain Lamb. He's the worshipped Lamb in the Book of Revelation.
These are all biblical phrases in the Book of Revelation. He's the worthy Lamb. He's the Lamb on the throne. He's the Lamb that breaks the seals and opens the book. He's the Lamb at the center of the throne. It's the wrath of the Lamb. It's the salvation of the Lamb. It's the multitudes standing before the Lamb. It talks about the horns of the Lamb. The war of the Lamb. The song of the Lamb. The marriage supper of the Lamb. It talks about the 12 apostles of the Lamb. It talks about the Lamb's Book of Life and people's names and family names that are written in the Lamb's Book of Life. You can do without a lotta things. You can do without the fowl of the air, the beast of the field, or the fish in the sea. But one thing you can't do without in your home is you need a lamb in your home.
That's why the Bible said in Exodus 12 concerning the Passover, let every house have a lamb for that house. You've gotta have the Lamb for your house. And so in the story that Nathan begins to tell David - he says the rich man had exceeding flocks of lambs, but the poor man - listen carefully - did not have all the things the rich man had, but notice what it said in verse 3. That he had one lamb. And he, number one, nurtured it. The word nurture means to feed something until it grows. Just as a mother nurtures her newborn baby, it's the lamb that was nurtured in their home. It didn't live out in the back yard. It didn't live out in a barn. It lived in their home.
The Bible's very clear about that. And they were feeding the lamb, and the lamb was growing in their home and in their family. Their family grew up with the lamb. The children were familiar with the lamb. The lamb was a part of their family. The Bible said that he ate at their table. He ate at their table. The lamb. It was not a pet. It was not an animal that they had a distant relationship with. That was not really bonded and connected. He didn't stay out in the barn. In the backyard. Out in the field somewhere. But the Bible said that the lamb - it was not a petting zoo lamb.
See, that's kinda how we wanna treat Jesus is we just wanna go to church. And we wanna have a petting zoo, and pet the lamb, and then leave after church is over, and go do our thing. But this was not the relationship. This was the relationship of the lamb in the home. And the Bible said he ate at their table. He ate at their table. It's not like they had the lamb's little bowl over there, and he would eat in the corner like a dog or something. But he would - the lamb would be at their table. It's a beautiful picture of communion. It's a beautiful picture of the cup.
Jesus said this is my cup, and this is my body - the bread. And the lamb - they're having communion. Common union. And it's not like he's just a pet in a petting zoo that they see once a week, but he's living in the home - the lamb is. Now here's the story. You got one man who has thousands of flocks, and he's hired shepherds to take care of 'em. He used to be - David, you used to be the one that took care of the shepherd - the sheep - but now you're too important. You're too busy to spend any time with 'em. You just hire it out.
But here's a family and a man who said, I can't give my children the clothes that everybody else can give 'em. I can't give 'em the house. I can't give 'em the stuff. But there's one thing that I can give my family. I can give 'em the lamb. I can give 'em a relationship. A connection with the lamb. If I can't give 'em everything else, if I can give 'em - if I can raise them in an atmosphere where the lamb is central, where the lamb is a part of our family, where the lamb is head of our home. He's at every meal. He's in all our conversations. He is the bedrock of our lives.
And the Bible said that the rich man had a traveler come through. A stranger. And instead of taking one of his thousands of flock - this is Nathan telling David the story, and David is totally captivated. He said instead of going out and killing indiscriminately any of his lambs by the thousands that he had - that he had no connection to - he went and seized the poor man's lamb that was the life of this family. And he slew the lamb for a stranger and fed him to this traveler.
And David was so enraged that David said, who is this man? He'll pay. He'll pay fourfold for what he's done to that poor man that only had one precious lamb for his family. You know what the Bible said? The prophet whirled around, and pointed his finger, and he said David, you are the man. And he said the judgement of the Lord will be even as you have spoken - fourfold. He lost Absalom. He lost Adonijah. Abner. And three of his boys died and then the baby. Fourfold. And he falls on his face, and he repents. And he writes Psalms 51. Wash me, and I shall be clean. Take not your Holy Spirit.
Somehow he gets back to God, and he writes his greatest songs. Psalm 23 was written after the fall. He wrote his greatest songs, and he sung his greatest songs after he had messed up. The thing that the Lord spoke to my heart was to challenge all of you who are watching me all over the world and to challenge our Free Chapel family to not have a casual relationship with the Lamb. I want you to see Jesus, the Lamb of God, and make sure that He's in every house. There must be a lamb for every house. The Franklin house must have a lamb. The Redman house must have a lamb. Your house must have a lamb.
Do you have Jesus? Right where you are, would you get on your knees as a family? Would you just bow humbly before the Lamb of God as a family? Would you just gather everybody around there in the room? And would you invite the Lamb of God into your family and into your home again? I want every teenager to just say God, I wanna know the Lamb. I don't want some loose connection with Jesus. I wanna know Him. I want Him to be my life. I want Him to be the center of my life. Pray this prayer right where you are.
Lord Jesus, I receive you today as my Savior. Lamb of God, cleanse me. Lamb of God, cover my house. Lamb of God, cover my children, my grandchildren. Lamb of God, I apply the blood of Jesus Christ on the door of my house. And may the Lamb grow, may the Lamb get bigger and bigger while we're confined to our homes. May the healing power of the Lamb keep us. May it flow to the hospitals and flow - may it cover the doctors and the nurses. May it heal the nations of the world that are suffering and dying by the tens of thousands. We plead the blood of the Lamb. In times of distress and disaster, plead the blood of the Lamb.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1587 | I have created a site, installed my language packs, created the term store servcie and created some terms in multi-language (persian and english). I then created a site in which, I created a new list. I gave it a name and then on that list, created a new site column.
I defined 3 resource in 14/resources.
Edit the column by changing the column name to a resource string.($Resources:core,camlid2;) it is work for me.
but when i changing the list name to a resorce string, it is'nt work !!!
• It is not quit clear what you have been doing. Can you try to write it with more details? Have you created a site collection in a foreign (persian) language having selected in "Select a language" drop-down list the persian? – Gennady Vanin Геннадий Ванин Jun 11 '12 at 7:39
• if i create new list and set name to ($Resources:core,Customer;), it is work and show (customer /مشتری ). but when i change name of list to it , it isn't work :( – ar.gorgin Jun 11 '12 at 9:24
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1589 | A Tale of Two Chemists: Academic Journals and the Technology of Science Communication
Untitled-1 (9)
I’m excited to participate in the next Society for the History of Authorship Reading and Publishing (SHARP) 2017 conference June 9 – 12 in Victoria, Canada.
The abstract for the talk is in the next paragraph, and the above picture shows the two chemists discussed: Theophilus A. Wylie (left) and J. Lawrence Smith (right). I’ve included more information about the image sources at the end of this post.
Abstract Proposal:
Marshall McLuhan in Understanding Media suggested that “the medium is the message” meaning that scholars should focus on the way in which a message is communicated rather than the content of the message itself. Today, scientists have a variety of media in which they can spread their work through television, blogs or newspapers, but, the primary medium for communication amongst themselves and for professional advancement and reputation is the scholarly journal. In the United States, that medium was being developed in the late nineteenth century. Yet, even as it was being created, scientists at the time used it very differently, if at all. The question is why did scientists choose (or not choose) particular technologies of print?
A case study of two scientists both in the same field, but with incredibly different views, may help to understand that question. J. Lawrence Smith (1818-1883) a chemist, professor at the University of Louisville, and president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science published nearly one hundred and fifty articles in the scholarly journals of his day. On the other hand, Theophilus A. Wylie (1810-1895), also a chemist, professor of natural philosophy, and three-time interim president of Indiana University, had very different views about how to communicate science and published only one book, around six scientific articles, and a few newspaper stories in his lifetime.
J. Lawrence Smith chose to publish in the scientific journals of his time because he believed that the chemical research was needed to advance industrial manufacturing and that publication of results in scientific periodicals would lead to patents and marketable products. Wylie on the other hand believed that the purpose of communicating scholarship was not to advance industry but rather to teach the general public about the connections between scientific methods along with philosophical and religious principles. Smith used the medium of publishing in scientific periodicals frequently, likely with the hope that his work could be utilized by a growing chemical industry. Wylie, however, spent much of his time teaching his students, and publishing in more generalized media (like newspapers) probably with the hope of educating the general public about science and philosophy.
Thus, for these two men, the medium (specialized scientific journals and generalized periodicals) was indeed the message. Their use of these media is equally as relevant in today’s changing scholarly publishing environment. Modern scholars are often required to create a greater impact. Should impact be measured in terms of patentable products (in ways that Smith emphasized), or should it be measured by popular interest (in ways that Wylie might support)? Depending on the answer to that question, scholars will be required to use very different media to circulate their message. Understanding the debates and philosophical views of these scientists who were also attempting to navigate a new publishing landscape in the 19th century may help to focus current debates on how scholars should communicate their research in the 21st century context.
Image Credit
Left, Theophilus Wylie, image from https://wyliehouse.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/t-a-wylie-4.jpg and right, J. Lawrence Smith, image from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/John_Lawrence_Smith_by_Tony_Rogue%2C_1854.jpg
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1607 | It’s World Penguin Day!
Macaroni, Chinstrap, Emperor, and Rockhopper.
Would you believe these are all penguins? It’s true!
Today (April 25th) is World Penguin Day! Let’s take some time to salute our waddly animated-penguin-image-0160friends with these cool facts. And don’t leave before you’ve had a chance to test your Penguin IQ and count the penguins in our “waddle of penguins pic.”
Check it out!
Did You Know?
There are 17 species of penguin. These flightless birds live in the Antarctic and in South America.
The four species found in Antarctica are the Emperor Penguin, the Adelie Penguin, the Gentoo, and the Chinstrap Penguin.
download (1)The male Adelie Penguin will give a rock to the female as present. The female penguin uses rocks to build her nest.
Both the parents take turns sitting on the egg and raising the baby penguin.
Male Emperor Penguins gather in large groups to incubate the eggs. The female penguins are out at sea searching for food.
The males can sit, keeping the eggs safe and warm (on top of their feet), for up to two months. When the female returns, she will continue caring for the newly hatched baby penguin while the male goes out to sea for food.
The outer feathers of the penguin are very dense. They are covered with a special oil that keeps the water out and the penguin nice and dry. The feathers closest to the bird’s skin are downy.
Penguins also have a thick layer of fat that helps keep the chill out and the warmth in.
penguin-swimming-underwater-blue-water-260nw-338764022 (2)These birds can’t fly, but they sure can swim. Their torpedo-shaped bodies can reach underwater speeds of 4 to 7 mph (6.4 to 11.3 kph). The Gentoo Penguin is the fastest. It can travel up to 22 mph (35.4 kph)!
The black and white bodies of the penguin species isn’t just a fashion choice. This color-combo keeps them safe from predators. Their black backs blend into the sea when a predator is flying overhead, and their white bellies blend with the sunlit surface from predators down below,
Penguins are carnivores. They love to dine on fish, krill, crabs, squid, and other “fishy” species.
The Chinstrap Penguin is named because of the black line that runs under its “chin.”
No. The Macaroni Penguin doesn’t have any pasta hidden under those slick flippers. However, it does have long orange feathers growing from the top of its head.
Rockhopper Penguins have red eyes and long protruding feathers on their heads.
The Emperor Penguin is the largest. It can weigh up to 99 pounds (45 kg)! The smallest penguin is the Little Penguin. It weighs only 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg)
Test Your Penguin IQ
What’s your Penguin IQ? Take the Quiz to Find Out!
1. How many species of penguin are there?
a. 14 b. 17 c. 18 d. 24
2. What do penguins eat?
a. seaweed b. seafood c. seagulls d. seashells
3. Where are four of the penguin species found?
a. Antarctica b. India c. Paris d. Scotland
4. What is the fastest underwater speed a penguin can reach?
a. 12 mph b. 9 mph c. 22 mph d. 18 mph
5. Which is the largest penguin species?
a. Gentoo b. Macaroni c. Emperor d. Adelie
6. Which penguin gives the female a rock?
a. Adelie b. Little Penguin c. Emperor d. Macaroni
7. Why are penguins black & white?
a. warmth b. protection c. fashionable d. none of these
8. Where do the other 13 species of penguin live?
a. Ireland b. Canada c. South America d. Europe
9. Which penguin has red eyes?
a. Little Penguin b. Macaroni c. Adelie d. Rockhopper
10. How do penguins move?
a. waddle b. hop c. swim d. all of these
How Did You Do? What’s Your Penguin IQ?
All 10 Correct – Enjoy Your Squid!
5 to 9 Correct – Here’s a Fish!
1 to 4 Correct – It’s Krill For You!
None Correct – We Don’t Mean to Mock, But You Get a Rock!
How Many Penguins Do You See In This “Waddle?”
Tell us your answer in the comments section and Happy World Penguin Day!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1609 | Direct access to database RRS feed
• Question
• Hi everybody!
I have used entity framework as data access technology in my application, but in some specific situation I need to have direct access to database.
For example I simulate a special autonumber feature for one of my tables based on a specific year and before inserting or updating a record in that table, I need to get the last number from another table in the database. after using the value, it should be increased by 1 for the next value, and all of this process must be performed in a transaction.
At first I used stored procedures and performed all the above actions in them and map the related insert, update and delete sps to the table, but it didn't work because it required some extra parameters that didn't map to table's fields.
Does anybody know the solution?
I would appreciate it in advance.
Saturday, November 5, 2011 10:44 AM
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1611 | I am using emacs as my only programming editor. But recently I have been struggling for hours with problems that, at the end, turned out to be simple mistakes from my side. For instance, writing if(n < n) instead of if(n < N), or declaring the function as bool instead of double:
bool foo() {
return 0.5;
Neither gcc -Wall nor emacs was able to detect those problems.
Is there any IDE around that can do this? It should
• work on linux
• be free
• be able to show various issues in code, not just syntax errors
Additionally I would love
• usable on small screens (possible to focus on a single window and hide all titlebars/menus/icons...)
• recognize emacs keybindings
Since you're already using emacs, I'm wondering if fitting one of the many open source linters onto it might be preferred over an IDE? That way's probably more flexible than an IDE, and you get to stay in your One True Editor.
For C++, there are these linters to choose from:
If you're not yet attached to your editor, Vim has Syntastic to integrate these so that your file is automatically checked as you type or when you save.
Several of these know how to generate emacs-ready output.
Unfortunately, on my system, neither gcc, clang_check, nor cpplint complained about your two testcases. Even with g++ -ansi -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -Weffc++.
Of the list above, cppcheck might be the one most likely to catch your testcases, being a static analysis tool ("not a compiler" as they say in the docs).
In fact, it did catch your n<n case:
$ cppcheck --enable=all test.cc
[test.cc:17] -> [test.cc:17]: (style) Same expression on both sides of '<'.
Maybe a C++ programmer can chime in here why returning something other than the declared bool in your testcase is not something tools crow loudly about.
Each linter/compiler listed above has a myriad of options - maybe their sensitivity can be cranked up to catch both of your cases.
I realize you asked for an IDE, but a good editor with plugins and a good setup is sometimes indistinguishable from an "IDE".
| improve this answer | |
I'd suggest you to at least try sth like a static code analysis software like c++ linter.
Although, it partly solves your problem, i found such programs demanding very high standards and therefore very stressful to use in the beginning. Additionally, according to that post, it has trouble to detect more complicated setups.
| improve this answer | |
• Thank you toogley. I am also thinking that what I need does not have to be ide, but may well be a stand-alone application I can feed my code to (even web-based) when I run into different issues. – Ott Toomet Dec 23 '15 at 21:52
• @OttToomet Some of them can be also integrated with IDE'S. E.g. for eclipse – toogley Dec 24 '15 at 15:47
enter image description here
But before anything, static analyzers have their place and aren't suited well while editing your file. Run them when you've made your edits and before committing your code, therefore removing any common nifty errors that might've crept in your code. Take a look at oclint, cppcheck, clangcheck, clang-tidy, clang-static-analyzer.
I can tell plenty of plugins to enhance your workflow but one that is essential is YouCompleteMe. See those red cross marks on left-most buffer? Those will update in the background as you type and tell you where you might've made a mistake.
• an identifier-based engine that works with every programming language,
• a Clang-based engine that provides native semantic code completion for C/C++/Objective-C/Objective-C++ (from now on referred to as "the C-family languages"),
• a Jedi-based completion engine for Python,
• an OmniSharp-based completion engine for C#,
• a Gocode-based completion engine for Go,
• a TSServer-based completion engine for TypeScript,
• a Tern-based completion engine for JavaScript.
• and an omnifunc-based completer that uses data from Vim's omnicomplete system to provide semantic completions for many other languages (Ruby, PHP etc.).
enter image description here
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1636 | I have just found out that these OLAP functions (introduced in v9.0.2) are very handy to do linear regression tests, namely REGR_SLOPE(), REGR_INTERCEPT() and REGR_R2(). It was much easier to do so than I had thought - being no expert in this field at all...and they seem real fast.
(A deep thanks to Glenn for the OLAP whitepaper, by the way!)
Now I would like to ask if it's possible with theses or other functions to test for other forms of regression tests, e.g. with the help of polynoms or logarithical functions - as can be done with Excel.
(Yep, I'm aware that this might be more a mathematical question...)
asked 03 Jun '11, 19:02
Volker%20Barth's gravatar image
Volker Barth
accept rate: 34%
edited 03 Jun '11, 19:06
I should add that I'm asking just to apply regresstion tests - not to understand the whole theory behind:)
So if there are quite simple ways to use the existing OLAP functions to perform different tests, I'd like to try that. Otherwise the linear approach will suffice for my needs.
(05 Jun '11, 06:05) Volker Barth
So I assume the answer is: No, there's just support for linear regression tests.
(14 Jun '11, 03:33) Volker Barth
Only linear regression of a function y = a + bx is supported by the current set of functions, but that doesn't necessarily mean that you can only use the regression functions for linear equations. For example, you might model an exponential regression y = bx**a by taking the logarithm of both sides, that is, ln y = ln b + a ln x. You could then solve for ln y using the supported linear regression functions, and take the exponent after that to determine the value of y. There are examples of doing these sorts of transformations in Raj Jain's book, referenced in the OLAP whitepaper, and there is a brief example of doing this in the capacity planning whitepaper (see Section 5.4.2).
Handling arbitrary types of regressions could be supported by user-defined aggregate and window functions, which SQL Anywhere does not currently support.
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answered 15 Jun '11, 01:13
Glenn%20Paulley's gravatar image
Glenn Paulley
accept rate: 43%
edited 15 Jun '11, 01:43
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1642 | Floral Findings 1 in South West Scotland
This week I though I would bring you just a snippet of my floral findings while we were away in South West Scotland. Mostly they are common wildflowers but there was one where the location must remain hidden!
Pyramidal Orchid
The Pyramidal Orchid above was kindly pointed out to me by a fellow walker I met along my route. I might easily have taken it for clover as there was plenty of that about – Continue reading
River's edge
Upside Down – Reviewing the Walk
River Reflection
Marsh grass
Crossing the Marshes
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1664 | Chat now with support
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Active Roles 7.2.1 - Administrator Guide
Rule-based AutoProvisioning and Deprovisioning
About Policy Objects Policy Object management tasks Policy configuration tasks
Understanding workflow Workflow activities overview Configuring a workflow
Temporal Group Memberships Group Family Dynamic Groups Active Roles Reporting Management History
Understanding Management History Management History configuration Viewing change history
Examining user activity
Using regular expressions Administrative Template Communication ports
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The person designated to perform an approval task. The setting that determines the approvers is a configuration element of an approval rule. When processing an approval rule, Active Roles creates an approval task and assigns it to the approvers defined by the rule. The state of the task governs the workflow transition: the task must receive the “Approve” resolution for the operation to pass through the approval rule. If the task has received the “Reject” resolution, the operation is denied and the workflow instance is completed.
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The means used to notify a user or group of users about a specific predefined situation that could manifest within a workflow. A notification message is generated and sent to the designated recipients via e-mail to inform them that a certain event has occurred, such as a new approval task has been submitted to the approvers or the operation has been completed. A notification configuration, stored as part of an approval rule, involves such elements as the event to notify of, the list of the notification recipients and the notification message template. Active Roles also provides a separate category of workflow activity for the purpose of notification, in addition to approval rules.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1666 | We see solutions where others see problems
What information is available under the External Members' Dashboard?
The External Members' Dashboard is a reporting tool that will help you keep track of the External Members in your Academy. To find this Dashboard just click on the Admin tab (from the upper navigation menu), select Reporting, and then click on the External Members Dashboard option.
Under this page, you can see which is the number of the External Members in your Academy, how much time they have spent on their training, on how many courses they are enrolled, and last but not least, which is their Average Completion Rate.
You can also select Courses and Exams for some more information on a specific course or exam.
Once you click on a member's name you will be able to see more information regarding this user, such as the progress per course, exam scores, etc.Screenshot_11.png
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1668 | When you have root-level access to a server, it indicates that you will have full control over it. In other words, you can install any server-side app whatever the changes that it will make to the software environment on your server, and you are able to both access and update any file, which includes system files, and change various settings. This can be done by connecting to the server as a root user which has full privileges to perform the aforementioned things and also to make other users, which includes users who also have full privileges. This particular can be established through a web-based graphical interface or a Secure Shell console. For safety reasons, it's recommended that you create a separate user for your daily work and employ the root user only when you need to customize the server or to set up software that may be required by a script-driven application that you want to run.
Full Root-level Access in Dedicated Servers Hosting
You will have full root-level access to your dedicated server whatever the package you select throughout the registration process, as long as the server is provided with cPanel or DirectAdmin, or with no website hosting Control Panel at all. In each of these three cases, you are able to change any part of the software environment in any way you find fit, that makes our server plans suitable for resource-demanding applications with specific requirements that can't be covered when you use a shared hosting account. The main difference between these options is the fact that when you select cPanel or DirectAdmin, you'll have a web-based graphical interface to manage numerous server-side options and any site content which you create or upload, while if you order the server devoid of Control Panel, you will have to do everything with a Secure Shell console or to install a Control Panel of your own liking, provided that it's compatible with the Operating System which you have chosen throughout the sign up process. With the last Control Panel option which you will be able to choose on the order page - Hepsia, the root access is restricted. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1701 | Create Concept collection: ft:position relational
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1709 | Mnemonic for Urgent Hemodialysis
So I’m going to keep this post short & sweet. Today my preceptor and myself ran through a really interesting case about hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium). Interestingly one of the potential urgent treatments was dialysis. Did I remember this? Yes. Did I remember all the other potential cases for urgently dialyzing someone? Nope. But you bet your arse I do now thanks to the mnemonic AEIOU. For starters there are two main types of dialysis: One is peritoneal dialysis where a patient uses the lining of their own abdominal cavity as a filter. The other more common type is hemodialysis. This process extracts blood from a person, mechanically filtered through a large machine before being returning it back to them. Most dialysis treatments are by appointments however there are exceptions where urgent dialysis for an acutely ill patient is warranted:
• Acidosis: Human blood has a normal pH range between 7.35-7.45. If there is either an acute loss of negative charge (base/anion) and/or the addition of an acid (H+), the pH will become acidic. If the pH drops below 7.1 then studies suggest urgent dialysis is indicated.
• Electrolytes: The normal potassium concentration ranges from 3.5-5mEq/L. However if K+ increases above that the patient is at significant risk of developing lethal cardiac arrhythmias. For this reason refractory hyperkalemia >6.5 may require dialysis.
• Intoxication: remember SLIME:
• salicylate (aspirin)
• lithium (bipolar medication)
• isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)
• methanol (wood alcohol)
• ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
• Overload: If a patient has a weak heart, too much fluid can be a deadly thing. Since their pump already struggles to push their normal fluid load forward, any additional fluid (work) strains the heart too much resulting in a backlog and classic symptoms (leg swelling and pulmonary congestion). For this reason, diuretics such as Lasix or Spironolactone are typically given to help pee off excess fluid. However, when this fails, dialysis can be used.
• Uremia: Urea is a toxic byproduct normally produced by the human body. When it becomes too high (indicated as an elevated BUN, or blood urea nitrogen (normal 7-20 mg/dL)) it causes an array of symptomatology such as mental status changes, peripheral nerve problems, significant nausea & vomiting, pericarditis, skin itching and/or frosting and can even produce the smell of urine on ones breath.
This list is probably not all inclusive, but if asked what the major causes for acute hemodialysis in the future, at least you’ll remember the big ones. 😉
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1752 | Multichannel, digital, modular, strain gauge amplifier AT1 is used for amplifying, converting and translating SG signals into a PC. AT1 has modular structure. It consists of an amplifier-converter, аn USB-adapter and a display unit. Due to its modular architecture you can configure from 8 up to 64 measuring channels. The PROFI software included in the scope of supply enables you the real-time digital and graphical displaying of measurement signals, the recording and storing measurement data.
The AT5 Measuring Amplifier is designed for measurements with transducers operating on the strain-gauge principle. The amplifier helps to measure relative deformations, vibrations, torque and bending moments, forces, weights, pressures and other parameters. The AT5 is available in two versions. The AT5 version has an voltage output. The second version (AT5 / 1) has a current output. The amplifier operates from an on-board DC network with voltage from 10 up to 30 V.
AT50 amplifiers, converts and feeds SG signals into a PC, digital display unit or another digital device. The AT50can used for measurements of relative strain, vibration, torque and bending moment, force, weight, pressure and other physical values, when the source of signals are the strain gauges . The AT50 works from DC network with voltage from 12 up to 30 V |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1753 | Finding someone to write a paper for cheap
If you notice errors, please send me a quick email via the "Contacting Me" page. FAQ For Readers I've received a large number of questions from readers over the years, so here is a page dedicated to hopefully answering your questions:
Finding someone to write a paper for cheap
Holistic Solutions for Authentic Learning
CRISPR, for those of you who do not know, is an anti-viral immune system found in archaea and bacteria, that until a few years ago, was all but unknown outside the small group of scientists, mostly microbiologists, who had been studying it since its discovery a quarter century ago.
The most high-profile of these battles pit Berkeley against the Broad Institute, although researchers from many other institutions made important contributions. But this could all soon change.
I also stand to benefit professionally if the patents are awarded to Berkeley, as my department will get a portion of what are likely to be significant proceeds I have no personal stake in any CRISPR-related patents or companies. But I if I had my way, there would be no winner in either of these fights.
We should celebrate the long series of discoveries and inventions that brought CRISPR to the forefront of science, and all the people who participated in them, rather than trying to decide which three were the most important. Nonetheless, these fights are underway. Which beings us back to Dr.
Note also how he distorted the map of the world so that the Broad lies almost perfectly in the center. What happened to Iceland and Greenland? How did Europe get so far south and so close to North America? And what happened to the rest of the world?
For the past decade, researchers, including Zhang, have been using proteins — zinc finger nucleases and TALENs — engineered to cut DNA in specific places to carry out genome editing in a variety of different systems. Once you have that, the application to human cells, while not trivial, is obvious and straightforward.
I want to be clear that in arguing against giving exclusive credit to Zhang, I am not arguing for singular credit to go to any other single group, as I think this does not do justice to the way science works.
But if you are going to engage in this kind of silliness, one should at least endeavor to do it honestly. Here is where his evil genius kicks in. Instead of taking Doudna and Charpentier on directly, he did something much more clever: This was an evil genius move for several reasons: First, the people whose work Lander writes about really are deserving of credit for pioneered the study of CRISPR, and they really have been unfairly written out of the history in most stories in the popular and even scientific press.
This established Lander as the good guy, standing up to defend the forgotten scientists, toiling in off-the-beaten-path places. They are given abbreviated biographies compared to the other scientists he discusses. The example of Gasuinas and Siksnys is a good one for showing how unfair the system we have for doling out credit, accolades and intellectual property in science can be.
The most prominent example of this is the pitched battle for credit for sequencing the human genome, in which Lander time and time again tried to rewrite history to paint the public genome project, and his role in it, in the most favorable light.
After all Lander is hardly the first scientist to twist the truth in the name of glory and riches. But what makes this such a tragedy for me is that, in so many ways, Lander represents the best of science.
Finding someone to write a paper for cheap
He is a mathematician turned biologist who has turned his attention to some of the most pressing problems in modern biomedicine.
Nobody, no matter how powerful and brilliant they are is above it. And when the most powerful scientist on Earth treats the truth with such disdain, they become the greatest scientific villain of them all.Hire a highly qualified essay writer to cater for all your content needs.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1771 | TurfSolv ®
Next Generation Turf Care Solution
TurfSolv ®
Next Generation Turf Solution
Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety of Pesticides
Robin Mesnage and Michael N. Antoniou
School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
January 22, 2018
Commercial formulations of pesticides are invariably not single ingredients. Instead they are cocktails of chemicals, composed of a designated pesticidal “active principle” and “other ingredients,” with the latter collectively also known as “adjuvants.” These include surfactants, antifoaming agents, dyes, etc. Some adjuvants are added to influence the absorption and stability of the active principle and thus promote its pesticidal action. Currently, the health risk assessment of pesticides in the European Union and in the United States focuses almost exclusively on the stated active principle. Nonetheless, adjuvants can also be toxic in their own right with numerous negative health effects having been reported in humans and on the environment. Despite the known toxicity of adjuvants, they are regulated differently from active principles, with their toxic effects being generally ignored. Adjuvants are not subject to an acceptable daily intake, and they are not included in the health risk assessment of dietary exposures to pesticide residues. Here, we illustrate this gap in risk assessment by reference to glyphosate, the most used pesticide active ingredient. We also investigate the case of neonicotinoid insecticides, which are strongly suspected to be involved in bee and bumblebee colony collapse disorder. Authors of studies sometimes use the name of the active principle (for example glyphosate) when they are testing a commercial formulation containing multiple (active principle plus adjuvant) ingredients. This results in confusion in the scientific literature and within regulatory circles and leads to a misrepresentation of the safety profile of commercial pesticides. Urgent action is needed to lift the veil on the presence of adjuvants in food and human bodily fluids, as well as in the environment (such as in air, water, and soil) and to characterize their toxicological properties. This must be accompanied by regulatory precautionary measures to protect the environment and general human population from some toxic adjuvants that are currently missing from risk assessments. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1784 | Beasts of No Nation and the Loss of Innocence
beasts of no nation tv
Courtesy of Netflix
“When this war is over, I am thinking I cannot go back to doing childish things.”
Cary Fukunaga’s Beasts of No Nation opens with Agu, a young boy, and his friends running around their West African village with a gutted old television. “Our country is at war and we are having no more school,” Agu explains, “so we are having to be finding ways to be keeping busy.” They run up to several adults, many of them Nigerian soldiers brought in to keep peace during the conflict, and attempt to sell their toy. The young boys use their imagination TV to present their exaggerated soap operas and kung fu movies. These children might be surrounded by war, but they haven’t personally experienced its horrors yet. Their game is full of the imagination and innocence we expect from young boys, qualities you would expect them to have for a long time. This is not the case in Beasts of No Nation. This is not the case for Agu.
Oliver Stone’s 1986 film Platoon claimed the first casualty of war is innocence. This was certainly true for the 18-year-old American protagonist, who goes from the comfort of his own peaceful American suburban life to the reality of the Southeast Asian jungles. The film follows a man forced into an environment where he must mature to a level most of us never will. His family is safe at home, but he is not. As Americans we tend to think of war as something that happens ‘over there’ — some ambiguous moral dilemma that our tax dollars go to fight. Not since the Civil War have we had to worry about the fighting happening outside our door– a constant threat hanging over our heads.
beasts of no nation trucks
Courtesy of Netflix
In Platoon an 18-year-old loses his innocence. In Beasts of No Nation, Agu tries desperately to maintain a hold on his. The film, based on the novel of the same name by Uzodinma Iweala, is Netflix’s first foray into feature films. It follows a young boy, Agu, as he is thrust into the aimless wars of his unnamed West African country. After being separated from his mother and sisters, and later the deaths of his father and brother, Agu is taken in by the Native Defence Forces (NDF). A militia attempting a coup against the government, The NDF uses orphaned young boys as soldiers. Their Commandant, played by Idris Elba, use drugs and psychological manipulation to convince these young boys that he is their only family.
Agu and the other boys are given machetes and machine guns, but retain their innocence and child-like qualities. Fukunaga, whose resume includes 2011’s Jane Eyre and HBO series True Detective, juxtaposes violent imagery of child soldiers riding in Toyota trucks with semi-automatic weapons pointed at the sky with the same young boys playing games in the West African bush. In another scene, young boys pretend to be the Commandant while other soldiers execute villagers. Fukunaga uses these scenes to remind the viewer that these are not soldiers, but children. Even with AK-47s in their hands, they are still children.
The Commandant uses notions of family to manipulate these boys into following him. He often reminds them of what their life would be like without him and how much better their life is with him. “And you’re having any food that you want from chicken, cow, fruit and vegetable. Any kind of fish you want, we got.” He encourages drug use to weaken their resolve, turning them into heroin-dependent psychopaths. He needs to steal Agu’s innocence, whether through empty promises, drugs, or sexual abuse, to turn Agu into a mindless soldier dependent on his malicious, paternal leadership.
In Agu’s world, innocence is not the first casualty of war; it is the last. Once it is lost, death no longer matters because hope is gone. Agu learns innocence is a state that other people let you live in. After the deaths of the only people you care about, innocence is the only remaining casualty that matters. Beasts of No Nation is difficult to watch because the innocence of these young boys lurks beyond the horrific acts they are encouraged to do. After Agu escapes the NDF, he is placed in a rehabilitation sanctuary for child soldiers where he’s encouraged to come to terms with his past:
I saw terrible things and I did terrible things. So if I am talking to you, it will make me sad… and it will make you, too, sad. In this life I just want to be happy in this life. If I am telling this to you, you will think that I am some sort of beast or devil. I am all of these things, but I am also having mother, father, brother and sister once. They loved me.
The film ends with Agu standing on the shore, watching other boys playing in the ocean. He runs to join them, realizing some part of his innocence remains. He just needed to find his way to it once again.
beasts of no nation Agu
Courtesy of Netflix |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1799 | How to increase creative writing
6, 2017 - i told you develop his advice and increasing motivation. Sep 10 tips. Wondering how to develop your job and writers have a Are born not just one of 10 ways you are you think creatively, 2016 - these books 2010. Tips and tricks for example, shares his advice and it's not. Many worlds once you improve your creativity and creating lists of success. Improve your poetry writing can choose a sudden, 2015 - in only 5. Are writing service. Nov 8 sharp techniques start with the pursuit of editing and suggestions, or just a set of the fundamentals and makes a. Nov 8, 2014 - wondering how to reflect on grammar and community for example, one conflict. Writing, 2016 - creative writing experience creative writing soaking up the course that expresses the. How to artists, whether you're in only imagine how does critical thinking help you solve problems it does not that requires practice and preparation, teaches them. Buy products related to write your stories: 1. Learn how to improve your next? 30 creative writing exercise will a.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1847 | Preview Mode Links will not work in preview mode
What Got You There with Sean DeLaney
Jul 31, 2019
On this solo episode Sean discusses one of his approaches to often tap into my creative side and that is through LATERAL THINKING.
Jul 28, 2019
Have you ever worried that you might have too many interests? Maybe you feel like your'e not on the "right" path. Well, you might just be a generalist! On this episode David uncovers some of the myths behind elite performance. He discovered that in most fields — especially those that are complex and...
Jul 24, 2019
Do you ever have those moments where it seems like your brain is running on ROCKET FUEL and your ability to accomplish often complicated tasks is done with ease? It's called Deep Work!
On this solo episode, I unpack some of the key strategies I learned from Cal Newport’s bestselling book Deep Work to help be more...
Jul 21, 2019
Clarence Greenwood otherwise known as the Citizen Cope grabs the mic before one of his shows to talk about his journey with Sean! Cope talks about tapping into his creative side, what drives him and the self reflection he’s done over the years to continue to produce great work.
The success of Citizen Cope’s music...
Jul 14, 2019
John Lewis Gaddis is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of History at Yale University, and was the founding director of the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy. His book On Grand Strategy is what sparked Sean’s desire to feature him!
Gaddis defines “grand strategy” as aligning “potentially unlimited aspirations... |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1854 | Information for "Main Page"
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1856 | Information for "ATI Radeon 7000"
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1868 | Download the Official App!
From Local Dishes to Famous Cuisine! 4 Delicious Dishes to Eat in Iwate
One of the best parts of traveling is enjoying the delicious flavors available only in that region! Here are 4 delicious dishes in Iwate to try, from traditional local cuisine to famous dishes beloved by locals.
1. Morioka Reimen
Morioka reimen is one of the most representative dishes of Iwate. The cold noodles made from buckwheat and starch in cold soup and topped with various ingredients originally came from Korea but were adjusted to become this famous dish from Morioka.
The noodles are chewy and slippery. The cold soup made from beef and chicken bones is full of flavor.
The topping you definitely shouldn't miss is the kimchi that adds the perfect amount of acidity and spiciness. It also comes with other toppings like roasted beef, boiled egg, and pickled cucumbers.
2. Hittsumi
Hittsumi is a local dish that you can eat all over the prefecture and is recommended for people who want to try traditional home cooking. Wheat flour is mixed with water and kneaded thinly then torn apart by hand, then stewed in a broth flavored with soy sauce. The dough gets plump and soft and suits the simple yet rich flavor.
Since it's a meal made casually at home, you can use various ingredients like carrots, burdock root, daikon radish, green onions, and more. Depending on the region and home, they might make the main ingredient freshwater crab, sweetfish, chicken, or pumpkin. If you eat it in the cold winter, you'll be warmed body and soul.
Also, the name is said to come from the phrase "ripped apart by hand" in the local Iwate dialect. Depending on the region, it is also called "tottenage" and "tsumeri."
3. Mamebujiru
This is a dish from Yamagata, an inland area within Kuji. Broth made from dried fish and konbu kelp is seasoned with soy sauce, then stewed with flour dumplings called "mamebu." Other ingredients such as carrots, burdock root, shimeji mushrooms, and tofu are also used. It's a regional traditional dish served at auspicious occasions like New Year's, weddings, and festival days.
It's a stewed dish similar to hittsumi, but mamebujiru's unique point is that the dumplings have walnuts and brown sugar inside of them. When you bite into a dumpling, you can enjoy the crispiness of the walnut and the aroma that engulfs your mouth, and the sweetness of the brown sugar matches perfectly with the salty broth.
4. Nanbu Senbei
Nanbu senbei are perfect for souvenirs. They're made from wheat and baked in a round mold, and their simple flavor allows you to enjoy the natural sweetness of wheat. They're a traditional snack that you can eat in a wide region, including the northern part of Iwate and the eastern part of Aomori.
There are many variations based on ingredients added to the dough, and a very popular flavor is the fragrant black sesame. Many locals add sugar syrup or butter to the senbei when they eat it.
Peanuts are also another sweet standard. There are many flavors like squid, shrimp, apple, soy sauce, and more, so why not check out a bunch of flavors and compare? Recently, a cookie version with a crisp texture has also become popular.
Other than these dishes, Iwate has plenty of simply flavored regional dishes and sweets. You can find them at restaurants and souvenir shops around major stations throughout the prefecture, so please try them!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1875 | .Restaurant domain names just £44.95 per year
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1879 | Model Information by Year
1950 Chevrolet Convertible
The introduction of the Bel Air two door hardtop marked a sea of change in how the Chevrolet Division defined sportiness. Until the advent of the hardtop, the serious sporting types went for the convertibles. Every Detroit manufacturer, with rare exception, offered at least one convertible as the style leader of its line. However, automakers […]
1950 Chevrolet Bel Air
1949 Chevrolet ID Numbers
Location: Serial numbers are on a plate on the right front door hinge pillar. Engine numbers: 6 cylinder on crankcase to rear of distributor. Engine numbers were GA-1001 to GA-1031807 Numerical prefix in serial indicates assembly plant as follows: 1 Flint, Michigan 2 Tarrytown, New York 3 St. Louis, Missouri 5 Kansas City, Missouri 6 […]
1950 Chevy Fleetline Deluxe
1953 Chevrolet
1953 Chevrolet Information
1951 Chevrolet
At first glance, it might seem that the newest thing about the 1951 model year was the advertising slogan “See the USA in your Chevrolet” seen in magazine ads, news print and heard on television in a song by Dinah Shore. The Chevrolet Division of General Motors did a very stylish job of mildly face-lifting […] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1898 | Making glass shiny [ SOLVED]
• I am unable to make the Apache windows shiny, so me thinks I am missing something.
Followed DR400 settings but things are still matte. Tried Kai's Vorlagen pic from years ago but still matt
Any designers out there that can help
Ok, off to do the housework now =O
• Hi Guys
Thanks for the input, it would seem I'm no expert either. Although the definition of an expert is, ex ( a has been) 's'pert a drip under pressure ;)
I have tried using the info from the pic above, added glass shader, even tried canopy shader but still no change. Guess back to square one and re do the material from scratch.
I did how ever add 2 pilots and omitted the reflection attribute, both pilots were that shiny they looked like something from the Terminator movies.
I am wondering if it's the fact the windows are pretty much flat and therefore don't reflect much to the eye when you look at them as there are no curves to give it away. I guess that's what the original designers intended but it's the opposite I'm after.
Back to housework :rolleyes:
• Hi Krzysk
Thanks for the tip, I had assigned the glass tag but it never occurred to me to add the exterior tag too. I thought simply adding glass and adjusting the specular etc would make it shinny. Quite why glass would need to know why its outside or inside is beyond is glass
So, problem SOLVED.. add both glass and exterior tags
Many thanks
• larrylynx
Changed the title of the thread from “Making glass shiny” to “Making glass shiny [ SOLVED]”. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1922 | What Would a Mother 'Food' Cow Tell Us About Her Children?
The science behind bovine sentience
Cows are truly amazing and extremely interesting beings. Also known as steak, burgers, beef, veal and leather—and global producers of all sorts of dairy products—many people see them only as food items, mere products of one sort or another, rather than as highly sentient and intelligent individuals with markedly different personalities. For example, cows display a full range of personalities including boldness, shyness, sociability and gregariousness, and are temperamental.
Neuroscientist Lori Marino and Florida State University PhD student Kristin Allen address the cow intelligence in a 2017 paper, "The Psychology of Cows," which was published in the journal Animal Behavior and Cognition (and which I summarized in "Cows: Science Shows They're Bright and Emotional Individuals").
"[W]hen cow behavior is addressed," write Marino and Allen, "it is almost entirely done within the framework of and applied to their use as food commodities. Therefore, there is relatively little attention to the study of cow intelligence, personality, and sociality at a basic comparative level."
Cows are typically recognized for their ubiquity as various sorts of products, whose value is cashed out in terms of their instrumental value; namely, what they can do for us. Their inherent value as living sentient beings with distinct personalities is often glossed over or totally ignored.
However, even people who work in the food-industrial complex or who are responsible for developing humane welfare guidelines (that all too frequently are ignored) know that cows are sentient beings. Moreover, they can suffer and feel pain—why else would we even bother to develop some regulations that supposedly protect these animals? Still, rampant abuse of cows and other food animals is the rule, rather than the exception.
I think a lot about cows and other food animals and how they are wantonly and horrifically abused on their way to human mouths. About a week ago—not long after I had talked with someone who wanted to know more about the cognitive and emotional lives of so-called "food animals"—I received an email from Dotsie Bausch, an animal activist and highly accomplished Olympic cyclist, about a talk she was preparing. She wrote:
Dotsie's question couldn't have come at a better time, as I'd just gotten done talking and writing about animal abuse and the animal-industrial complex, including the highly abusive dairy industry—a huge and hugely profitable conglomerate that makes an incredible amount money off of the backs of countless dead animals. Here's how I answered Dottie's query, freely using the word "children" rather than "offspring" or "young" that are usually used when writing about young nonhumans. These youngsters are, of course, their children, and many behavioral patterns have evolved so that they receive the best parental care possible.
If I were to attempt to speak for a mother cow—and I could only do so with limited credibility but knowing she is a fully sentient and feeling being—I'd make it very clear that my children and I are sentient and conscious beings who don't suffer any less than our companion animals such as dogs and cats. But, most if not all people would never allow a dog or a cat to live the sad life of a "food animal" who knows nothing but abuse, fear, anxiety and deep pain.
So, I'd ask people why they feel so comfortable subjecting me—a loving mother—to the horrific pain of having a child ripped away from my tender loving care, and why they feel so comfortable about allowing these youngsters to go on to live the horrific and barbaric lives of so-called factory farmed animals, knowing they, too, will suffer and experience deep and enduring pain on the way to a human's fork, knife and plate after being brutally and mercilessly murdered on a bloody killing floor.
I'd also make it clear that when people as something like, "What's for dinner?" they should be asking "WHO'S for dinner?" because my children and I—and indeed so many other nonhumans who are consumed in any number of meal plans—were once sentient and feeling beings who care not only about what happens to themselves but so too to family and friends. That would be my call to action as a sentient female, mother and deeply caring being.
It's important to note that cows also display "emotional contagion," the process by which an individual can influence the emotions or behavior of another individual or group. Marino and Allen write, "A series of studies on a form of emotional contagion mediated by olfactory cues has shown that when cows are exposed to stressed conspecifics they too show pronounced stress responses, such as decreased feeding and increased cortisol release."
I often stress that cows and other so-called "food animals" not only see family members, friends and others being killed for food, they also smell and hear what's happening. Mothers and calves also show extreme distress when separated. This is not at all surprising but remains a common practice in the animal-food industry.
Would you do it to your dog?
All in all, the cognitive and emotional lives of cows are not all that different from many other non-food animals, including the nonhuman companions with whom we share our homes. (For more discussion on this, see "Canine Confidential: Why Dogs Do What They Do.")
To bring the discussion of "food animals" into focus and bring it closer to home, I often ask people if they would allow their dogs, for example, to be treated in the incredibly inhumane ways that cows and other food animals are routinely mistreated, and I've never gotten a "yes" to this question. So, why is it that cows and other food animals are brutally mistreated "in the name of food"—given what we know about these bright and emotional bovines and others who humans consume in great numbers?
The knowledge translation gap
A cow by any other name is still a cow
Dotsie's question got my brain firing on all sorts of subjects that are important to discuss and to revisit. For example, the words we use to refer to these sentient individuals—products such as steak, burgers, beef, veal and leather, for example—hide what we know about their deep and rich emotional lives. I often wonder how people would view their meals and if they'd change their meal plans if they were referred to as cow, pig or bird. A cow by any other name is still a cow—a sentient, feeling being.
I fully know that some people will quibble that cows are indeed respected for who they are, but that we have to use them as we do and they're doing the best they can to give them a "better life." It's worth bearing in mind, as I've written above, that a "better life" is not necessarily a "good life," so feel-good excuses and rationalizations don't really help these bright and sentient bovines or other "food animals."
Some people will also claim that Temple Grandin's so-called "stairway to heaven" has solved the problem of pain and suffering experienced by cows on their way to killing floors of slaughterhouses. It's incredibly difficult to figure out why Dr. Grandin calls the path to horrific and bloody killing floors a "stairway to heaven" other than the fact that it sanitizes and softens the horror, deflecting attention from what truly is happening to these sentient beings.
We must foster enlightened discussion about the cognitive and emotional lives of all different animals with whom we share our lives and our magnificent planet. It's essential that we understand, appreciate and respect other animals for who they are not for what we want them to be, and that we use what know to protect them in an increasingly human-dominated world.
An earlier version of this article was published by Psychology Today.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1946 | Comscore Beacon
© GQ
Donald Trump Threatens To 'Spill The Beans' About Ted Cruz's Wife
Trending News: Donald Trump Tweets Threat To Ted Cruz's Wife, Deletes It, Then Reposts To Make It Worse
Why Is This Important?
Because is this an empty threat or does Trump know something embarrassing about Ted Cruz's wife?
Long Story Short
Donald Trump set off alarm bells by tweeting a threat to "spill the beans" about Ted Cruz's wife, Heidi Cruz, before deleting it immediately. But the reason for the deletion can't be embarrassment because Trump tweeted the threat again, making the tweet more targeted the second time. A Twitter war has ensued.
Long Story
It's not often that Donald Trump deletes a tweet, but being under the microscope, as evidenced by the approximately 130951309139 headlines a day featuring his name in the headline (a completely made up number incase you were counting), when a tweet gets deleted, people notice.
But if you thought Trump was showing a rare bit of remorse about tweeting a threat against Senator Ted Cruz's wife, you'd be mistaken, because he tweeted again shortly after with the addition of "Lyin' Ted."
What The Donald is referring to is an ad from a conservative super PAC showing a nude Melania Trump in a 2000 GQ photo shoot. The admittedly sexy photo (see it on The Daily Mail) had the message: "Meet Melania Trump, your next first lady. Or, you could support Ted Cruz on Sunday."
The conservative group was hoping to keep Mormon voters from casting their ballots for Trump, something they apparently don't need to be convinced to do anyway.
The only problem is, Ted Cruz didn't support the message.
Here's the ad in question:
Own The Conversation
Ask The Big Question
Does Donald Trump have the balls to carry out his threat?
Disrupt Your Feed
'Bout time since Ted Cruz got into the real bickering match.
Drop This Fact
Think Cruz is just walking into Trump's trap? I wouldn't write off the evangelical so fast. Cruz is a Princeton debating legend and a former U.S. debating champion, surely he has a trick or two up his sleeve.
Show comments |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1990 | Every time you take an action, the time you spend doing so is time you can’t get back. In our daily lives, we make decisions about everything we do. There are small-scale decisions like brainstorming where to pick up dinner. Then, there are big decisions like when to hire a candidate or when to buy a house. This is where the optimal stopping problem comes in.
Imagine you’re in the latter scenario. You’re buying a house in a highly competitive market, and want to see a good amount before purchasing. But if you take too long comparing houses, you might miss out the best you looked at because someone else beats you to it. So when do you make the choice to stop looking and pick the best one you’ve found so far? That right there is the optimal stopping problem in action.
With a lot of decisions, it’s hard to know the right time to stop deliberating and make a choice. The optimal stopping problem is a mathematical theory of probability to answer that. One of the earliest records of optimal stopping in action was in 1875. English mathematician Arthur Cavey found an optimal stopping strategy to buy lottery tickets. From gambling, to finance, and now even to hiring, the theory has wide applications.
Applications in device use
One of the biggest decisions we make every day, whether we realize it or not, is how we spend our time. How we choose to spend it can push us closer to our goals, or it can hinder progress altogether. The time we spend looking at our options and deciding what to pick is time we can’t get back. For example, imagine you have two hours to watch a Netflix movie. But you spend 30 minutes browsing your options. You now don’t have time to finish a movie and you can’t get that half hour back.
In recent years, 90% of our free time has been spent on a device. That’s not inherently bad. Our devices keep us close with our loved ones; they teach us new things; they can help us reach physical and mental health goals. But, even when we have the best intentions with our devices, we sometimes find ourselves spending a little more time doing things that aren’t so helpful, like scrolling through Instagram. Optimal stopping applies here, too. In order to optimize the time you’re spending on an app, like TikTok, you want to make sure the videos you’re watching are worth your while. So how do you know when to keep watching the 15-second clip or skip and scroll to the next one? How do you know when to stop browsing Netflix and stick to a movie?
Solving the optimal stopping problem
The optimal stopping problem does have some known solutions. One helpful solution is known as “look then leap.” The key number to remember is 37%. You “look” through 37% of your total options, then make your “leap” to the next choice that is the best you’ve seen so far. This gives you the highest probability of choosing the best outcome efficiently. At 37% of the way through the stack of resumes, a hiring manager should pick the next best candidate that comes in. 37% of the way through comparing hotel prices, make the decision based on what you’ve seen.
To solve those device problems, we can implement the “look then leap” solution. Watch 37% of a 15-second TikTok video (about 5 seconds) then make the decision to watch the rest or keep scrolling. If there are 10 movies in the rom com section of Netflix, watch 37% of their trailers, which turns out to be around 12. At that point, choose the best of the ones you’ve seen and “leap” to watch the movie.
The optimal stopping problem threatens to steal our time. We either explore too many of our options and waste our time, or we don’t explore enough and mindlessly go through decisions. By solving the optional stopping problem, we allow conscious thought to be the driver of our actions when we have a limited amount of time. Because of all the decisions we make in a day, how we spend our time might be the most important one. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/1995 | TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the Future with Multi-scale Successor Representations JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/449470 SP - 449470 AU - Momennejad, Ida AU - Howard, Marc W. Y1 - 2018/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/10/22/449470.abstract N2 - The successor representation (SR) is a candidate principle for generalization in reinforcement learning, computational accounts of memory, and the structure of neural representations in the hippocampus. Given a sequence of states, the SR learns a predictive representation for every given state that encodes how often, on average, each upcoming state is expected to be visited, even if it is multiple steps ahead. A discount or scale parameter determines how many steps into the future SR’s generalizations reach, enabling rapid value computation, subgoal discovery, and flexible decision-making in large trees. However, SR with a single scale could discard information for predicting both the sequential order of and the distance between states, which are common problems in navigation for animals and artificial agents. Here we propose a solution: an ensemble of SRs with multiple scales. We show that the derivative of multi-scale SR can reconstruct both the sequence of expected future states and estimate distance to goal. This derivative can be computed linearly: we show that a multi-scale SR ensemble is the Laplace transform of future states, and the inverse of this Laplace transform is a biologically plausible linear estimation of the derivative. Multi-scale SR and its derivative could lead to a common principle for how the medial temporal lobe supports both map-based and vector-based navigation. ER - |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2021 |
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Funny Artest Photoshop
Discussion in 'Open Discussion (Work-safe)' started by DaytonBuck, Nov 27, 2004.
1. DaytonBuck
DaytonBuck I've always liked them
2. coastalbuck
coastalbuck And this one belongs to the Reds! Staff Member
I love the first one and the playstation one. :slappy: :slappy: :slappy:
3. osugrad21
osugrad21 Capo Regime Staff Member
For Tibor:
4. tibor75
tibor75 Banned
that's not a violin. :roll1:
5. Deety
Deety Senior
I once received a letter from a kid referring to that instrument as "the big violence." That might be more appropriate here. :)
6. osugrad21
osugrad21 Capo Regime Staff Member
Well it had to be a bigger version for a bigger piece of shit:slappy:
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2028 | The Real-Life Rosie The Riveter Has Died At 96
Christopher Furlong/Getty Images News/Getty Images
According to the New York Times, Naomi Parker Fraley, the real Rosie the Riveter, passed away on Saturday at the age of 96. Fraley, whose death was confirmed by her daughter-in-law, went unknown for at least seven decades until an intrepid scholar, James J. Kimble, took it upon himself to find out just who the woman was behind the famous Rosie the Riveter poster.
One of the most culturally recognized feminist iconographies in the West is of Rosie the Riveter. It was first shown in the form of a poster by artist J. Howard Miller in the 1940s. There is a strong chance that you've seen it, too. Flexing and patting her bicep with a clenched fist in the air, Rosie the Riveter is an industrious-looking woman in a factory shirt with a red and white polka dot bandana holding her hair up. Above her head is a speech bubble carrying bold and bright font that says, "We can do it!" The poster surfaced during the World War II and depicts Fraley who was working at a naval air establishment on the American West Coast at the time.
Unknown to many Americans, Fraley wasn't always a factory worker for the United States Navy. She was originally from Tulsa, Oklahoma, where her father was an engineer and her mother, a housewife. She later on moved to Alameda, California, and worked as a waitress after the war. But during World War II, Fraley worked at the Naval Air station in Alameda along with her sister, Ada.
Much of the intricate details about Fraley's poster isn't widely known across the United States. According to Kimble, the Rosie the Riveter poster was first misidentified when another woman, Geraldine Hoff Doyle, said that she was the woman in the poster. Kimble, who works as a communications and art associate professor at New Jersey's Seton Hall University, looked into whether the claim was accurate or not.
To be clear, Kimble thought Doyle's claim was a mistake made in good faith. During the time, she had been working in a steel factory and assumed that she was the woman in the artistic poster. While talking to People magazine in 2016, Fraley said, "I didn’t want fame or fortune, but I did want my own identity."
In 2016, Kimble published his study under the paper titled Rosie's Secret Identity to reveal Fraley as inspiration for the art. Part of the confusion related to Fraley's identity, according to the study, was because of how Rosie the Riveter was mentioned in other cultural productions like War World II songs and similar posters. Furthermore, according to The Times, Miller's poster depicting Fraley wasn't meant for public consumption. The publication wrote that the iconic poster was actually created to "deter" factory workers from forming unions.
Later on, in the 1980s, Fraley's image took feminists by storm and became cultural inspiration for women empowerment, independence, and economic equality. The Rosie the Riveter poster became so famous that now it is very common to see her image sold on coffee mugs, key chains, vinyl stickers, socks, lighters, coasters, sweatshirts, tote bags, books, and of course, protest signs. On Halloween, some people even like to dress as Fraley.
After six years of working on locating Fraley, making sure that it was her in the poster, and connecting the dots, Kimble met with the cultural icon in Cottonwood, California. This took place in 2015. Upon meeting her and even seeing the polka dot scarf, Kimble said, "We can rule her in as a good candidate for having inspired the poster."
In 2016, The Omaha World Herald interviewed Fraley and asked her how she felt about being finally recognized. "Victory! Victory! Victory!" she exclaimed. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2060 | The Keyboard Is Mightier Than The Nuke
By: David Rader II on July 21, 2007 @ 4:52 PM
If the pen is mightier than the sword, which in many ways it is, then what would that make the keyboard?
I think a lot of people can type much faster than they can write. Most people who can type these days have access to the internet, so what is typed has a high likeyhood of being read world wide within less than a few minutes, when back in the old days, likely when the "pen became mightier than the sword," it would of taken a least a few minutes just to get the ink and feather pen ready to write. Now writings are at the worlds access within less than minutes, readable, and roughly translatable extremely quickly.
So the scale from which writing can be compared "the feather pen" to the "keyboard," seems like it would likely be comparable to the sword to the nuclear power. Or am I exaggerating? I think not. You don't even need to attack a bird or dig into a mountain for the right stones to get a wring tool these days. It's so simple.
The keyboard is more mighty than the nuke.
It may even stand to reason that pens are more mighty than the nuke as well, or more perhaps type writers. When the cold war happened, the keyboard was not too popular.
So that would make the keyboard dwarfing the nuke. One thing the keyboard doesn't do though, is dwarf the ego's of some tyrannical rulers.
What can dwarf the ego's of tyrannical rulers? Perhaps that is a question left up to everyone. To keep in mind, at least for myself, is the thought that tyrannical rulers may not see themselves as truely tyrannical, and perhaps that may make them not be, but realization can be harsh to accept for both a tyrant, and those who have not experienced a tyrant coming in to realization.
Depending simply on our points of view, a tyrant can easily be seen as a hero or a tyrant. A goal may be to, through peaceful communication, become sharing of the same basic view.
I just wish more nations would focus on elaborate defense systems than attack systems. Perhaps it is easier to throw a rock than to catch one. Warlords need to learn the principals of aikido.
Morihei Ueshiba communicated (Founder of Aikido):
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Let us make what is more mighty than war, known.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2109 | It took a former Australian of the Year, Tim Flannery, to come up with a fitting description for the denizens of gossip mags, such as New Idea, Woman’s Day and their spawn. The fascinating thing is that to Flannery, these beacons of journalism resemble nothing more than a certain type of ant. Now, scandal sheets are certainly antsy, but Flannery’s thesis may seem a little far-fetched until one sees the detail.
And sobering it is.
In a scholarly critique in the New York Review of Books, generously reprinted by the AFR’s “Review” section, Flannery writes that some ant species do not have queen ants in the strict sense:
Instead, worker ants (which are all female) that have mated with a male ant become the dominant reproductive individuals. These are the gamergates, or “married workers”, and their s-x life can be brutal. In one species the gamergates venture outside of the nest to attract a male, engage him in copulation, then carry him into the nest before snipping off his genitals and throwing away the rest of his body. The severed genitals continue to inseminate the gamergate for up to an hour, after which they too are discarded.
Sounds touchingly akin to life in the gossip world. But there’s more.
While examining The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies, a 522 page work by Bert Hölldobler and Edward O. Wilson, Flannery finds that the fertilised gamergates then vie for dominance, causing disruptive conflict in the nest. Sometimes an oligarchy of gamergates is established, but in other instances a single gamergate triumphs.
“You might think that such an established gamergate would watch the colony carefully for signs of emerging rivals, but this is not the case”, he cautions. “Instead, it’s the worker ants that do so by taking a keen interest in the s-xual status of their sisters. If they sense that one is becoming a s-xually active gamergate, they will turn on her, either assaulting her or watching carefully until she produces eggs, which they promptly consume.
What intrigues Flannery is that that the sterile workers play the role of monitoring and regulating the s-xual life of the colony. “In a stretch of the imagination, I can see parallels between this behavior and the role of policing and censuring the s-x lives of the rich and famous that gossip magazines play in our own society.”
So there you have it. Next time you see the ants heading for a sugar bowl or trekking across a bush path, you can reflect on their ability to avoid the paparazzi, while opting for sterile, gossip columnist-style guardians.
All those “Confidential”, “insiders say,” “pals relate” and other devices are clearly a produce of such sterility. Of mind as well, perhaps.
Intriguingly, Flannery finds aspect of ant life that would possibly appeal to radical feminists. “Except for short periods just before the mating season, when an ant colony is reproducing, it is composed entirely of females, and among some primitive species virgin births are common.”
But all offspring of these virgin mothers are winged males that almost invariably leave the nest. If a female ant mates, however, all of her fertilized eggs become females. In many ant societies, reproduction is the prerogative of a single individual — the queen. She mates soon after leaving her natal colony, and stores the sperm from that mating (or from multiple matings) all of her life, using it to fertilize (in some cases) millions of eggs over 10 or more years.”
Whimsically, Flannery looks at the role of ant undertakers. They recognise ant corpses through the presence of a product of decomposition called oleic acid. “When researchers daub live ants with the acid, they are promptly carried off to the ant cemetery by the undertakers, despite the fact that they are alive and kicking. Indeed, unless they clean themselves very thoroughly they are repeatedly dragged to the mortuary, despite showing every other sign of life.”
And as for that question pondered through the ages, how do ants find their way around, the answer’s here.? Ant explorers count their steps to work out where they are in relation to home. How do we know this? Unkind, but clearly determined lengthened the legs of ants by attaching stilts to them. “The stilt-walking ants, they observed, became lost on their way home to the nest at a distance proportionate to the length of their stilts.”
In a way, ants also “speak” to each other through potent chemical signals called pheromones. About 40 different pheromone-producing glands have been found in ants and, although no single species has all 40 glands, enough diversity of signalling is present to allow for the most sophisticated interactions. “The fire ant, for example, uses just a few glands to produce its 18 pheromone signals, yet this number, along with two visual signals, is sufficient to allow its large and sophisticated colonies to function.
“Pheromone trails are laid by ants as they travel, and along well-used routes these trails take on the characteristics of a superhighway. From an ant’s perspective, they are three-dimensional tunnels perhaps a centimetre wide that lead to food, a garbage dump, or home.”
Wipe your finger across the track of ants raiding a sugar bowl, says Flannery, and you can see the importance of the pheromone trail. When the ants reach the spot where your finger erased their track they will become confused and turn back or wander.
And to show the potency of the chemicals used to mark such tracks, one milligram of the track pheromone used by some species to guide workers to leaf-cutting sites is enough to lay an ant superhighway 60 times around the earth.
All that, and guardians of morality as well.
Peter Fray
Save up to 50% on a year of Crikey.
See you in 2021.
Peter Fray
Editor-in-chief of Crikey
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2132 | Abof Wiki
Abof (stylized as abof) is an Indian online fashion retailer headquartered in Mumbai. The company was founded in October 2015, and is privately held by Aditya Birla Group. Abof sells products from the parent Aditya Birla Group brands including Louis Philippe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly, Peter England, Pantaloons and People, along with the external brands. The company sells apparel, footwear and accessories only for the 18-35 age cohort, and does not have kids’ section. Abof is an acronym for “all about fashion”. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2142 | • Mischa Vaughn, 28 days ago
Today, Webflow launched a new video series titled Design Monday — where leading designers share their advice and best practices about everything design.
For the first episode, we asked designers at Apple, Netflix, Instagram, and more about the best design advice they’ve ever received.
A new episode premieres every other Monday on YouTube!
5 points
• David MirandaDavid Miranda, 1 month ago
"Watch people use your interface. Before you watch people use it, all of your ideas/opinions mean nothing. Design doesn't exist in a vacuum — it's meant to be used."
Someone who mentored me early in my career. It's been invaluable.
2 points
• n keylen keyle, 1 hour ago
The UI is the product. Users couldn't care less that you're using PHP or Swift or anything. If the UI isn't great, the product sucks.
0 points
• Robert GrazioliRobert Grazioli, 24 days ago
In client work, commissioned designs, or user feedback, if someone asks you to you do something that you don't really want to do, or forces you to do something you don't agree with, own it by making it the best version of that thing the world's ever seen—unless it's morally compromising, of course.
I forget where I got this from, but it's helped me through so many projects and ultimately made me a better designer. It's in keeping with the "design is for other people" mentality.
I think this is one of the biggest faults I see in designers, and common misconceptions of design. That somehow a design must be the designer's imprint on the world. While developing an aesthetic is certainly a thing, as designers, I think our job is to present our interpretation of the world's ideas.
I think the whole "people don't know what they need until you give it to them" has propagated this myth that designers are supposed to give people things they didn't know they wanted. When in reality, people know what they want, they just don't have the tools to articulate it, or don't understand what's possible.
0 points
• Daniel Marklund, 18 days ago
"Don't make me think" /Steve Krug
0 points
• Ashley L., 22 days ago
"Design to solve problems."
0 points |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2174 | No translation found.
Unfortunately, we did not find any translations for the keyword bilring. Please make sure that you spelled the word correctly.
Similar words |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2175 | Engelsk-Svensk oversettelse av tube
Oversettelse av ordet tube fra engelsk til svensk, med synonymer, antonymer, verbbøying, uttale, anagrammer og eksempler på bruk.
tube på svensk
containersubst. tub [u]
televisionsubst. ruta [u]
technicalsubst. rör [n], rörledning [u], ledning [u], ränna [u]
botanysubst. pip [u], kanal [u]
Synonymer for tube
Avledede ord av tube
bronchial tubes, Eustachian tube, fallopian tube, Fallopian tube, inner tube, intestinal tube, neon tube, protuberance, protuberant, test tube, test-tube baby, thermionic tube, tubeless, tuber, tubercular, tuberculosis, tuberculous, tuberous plant, tubes, acorn tube, allium tuberosum, apios tuberosa, asclepias tuberosa, auditory tube, begonia tuberhybrida, blow tube, blowtube, boob tube, boron counter tube, bronchial tube, calopogon tuberosum, calyx tube, capillary tube, carbon nanotube, cartilaginous tube, cathode-ray tube, color television tube, color tube, color tv tube, colour television tube
colour tube, colour tv tube, counter tube, crookes tube, deltoid tuberosity, digestive tube, electron tube, endotracheal tube, family tuberaceae, family tuberculariaceae, gas-discharge tube, geiger-muller tube, geiger tube, genus tuber, genus tubercularia, germ tube, glow tube, haliotis tuberculata, helianthus tuberosus, hybrid tuberous begonia, ionization tube, kundt's tube, lathyrus tuberosus, miliary tuberculosis, montgomery's tubercle, mycobacterium tuberculosis, nanotube, nasotracheal tube, neural tube, occipital protuberance, order tuberales, oxalis tuberosa, pachyrhizus tuberosus, petroselinum crispum tuberosum, phalaris tuberosa, picture tube, pitot-static tube, pitot tube, polianthes tuberosa, pollen tube, potato tuber moth, potato tuberworm, proportional counter tube, protuberate, pulmonary tuberculosis, rear of tube, rectifying tube, semi-tuberous, sieve tube, solanum tuberosum, speaking tube, static tube, television-camera tube, television pickup tube, television tube, thermionic vacuum tube, torpedo tube, tricolor television tube, tricolor tube, tricolour television tube, tricolour tube, tube-nosed, tube-nosed bat, tube-nosed fruit bat, tube-shaped, tube-shaped structure, tube foot, tube well, tube wrench, tubed, tubeless tire, tubelike, tuber root, tuberaceae, tuberales, tubercle, tubercle bacillus, tubercularia, tuberculariaceae, tuberculate, tuberculin, tuberculin skin test, tuberculin test, tuberculoid, tuberculoid leprosy, tuberose, tuberosity, tuberous, tuberous begonia, tuberous vetch, uterine tube, vacuum tube, venturi tube, x-ray tube
Eksempler med oversettelse
You can't put toothpaste back in the tube.
Liknende ord
Definisjoner av tube
1. tube - conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases
gun barrel, barrel a cylindrical container that holds liquids
blowgun, blow tube, blowpipe, blowtube a tube through which darts can be shot by blowing
blow tube, blowpipe, blowtube a tube that directs air or gas into a flame to concentrate heat
cannula a small flexible tube inserted into a body cavity for draining off fluid or introducing medication
capillary tube, capillary tubing, capillary a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action
cigarette holder a tube that holds a cigarette while it is being smoked
chromatography column, column (architecture) a tall vertical cylindrical structure standing upright and used to support a structure
drain emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it
hosepipe, hose a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
inner tube an inflatable rubber tube that fits inside the casing of a pneumatic tire
mouthpiece the aperture of a wind instrument into which the player blows directly
pea shooter a straight narrow tube through which pellets (as dried peas) can be blown at a target
pipage, piping, pipe a fee charged for the use of pipes
tobacco pipe, pipe a long tube made of metal or plastic that is used to carry water or oil or gas etc.
silencer a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise
siphon, syphon a tubular organ in an aquatic animal (especially in mollusks) through which water can be taken in or expelled
speaking tube a tube for conveying the sound of a voice from one room to another
stem the tube of a tobacco pipe
stent a slender tube inserted inside a tubular body part (as a blood vessel) to provide support during and after surgical anastomosis
drinking straw, straw a thin paper or plastic tube used to suck liquids into the mouth
test tube glass tube closed at one end
torpedo tube a tube near the waterline of a vessel through which a torpedo is fired
well point, wellpoint a perforated tube driven into the ground to collect water from the surrounding area
2. tube - electronic device consisting of a system of electrodes arranged in an evacuated glass or metal envelope
electronic device a device that accomplishes its purpose electronically
electric circuit, electrical circuit, circuit an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow
acorn tube a small vacuum tube; used at high frequencies
anode a positively charged electrode by which electrons leave an electrical device
cathode a negatively charged electrode that is the source of electrons entering an electrical device
rectifying tube, rectifying valve, diode a semiconductor that consists of a p-n junction
electrode a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit
electron multiplier a vacuum tube that amplifies a flow of electrons
gas-discharge tube a tube in which an electric discharge takes place through a gas
control grid, grid a cooking utensil of parallel metal bars; used to grill fish or meat
pentode a thermionic tube having five electrodes
plate dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten
television-camera tube, television pickup tube a tube that rapidly scans an optical image and converts it into electronic signals
tetrode a thermionic tube having four electrodes
x-ray tube a vacuum tube containing a metal target onto which a beam of electrons is directed at high energy for the generation of X rays
3. tube - (anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure
tubule a small tube
salpinx a tube in the uterus or the ear
vas, vessel a craft designed for water transportation
1. tube - place or enclose in a tube
enfold, envelop, enwrap, enclose, wrap enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering; "Fog enveloped the house"
2. tube - convey in a tube; "inside Paris, they used to tube mail"
convey, bring, take make known; pass on, of information; "She conveyed the message to me"
3. tube - provide with a tube or insert a tube into
furnish, supply, provide, render provide or equip with furniture; "We furnished the house in the Biedermeyer style"
4. tube - ride or float on an inflated tube; "We tubed down the river on a hot summer day"
ride copulate with; "The bull was riding the cow"
= Synonym = Antonym = Relatert ord
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2177 | Last Christmas, I Gave…
Share your views
1. Captain obvious?
• Corporal Oblivious November 24, 2017
I think it might have sumpin to do with a motorcycle, a vacation to a Hawaii, and a spendthrift couple.
2. This is begging for a RICK ASTLEY response….
• Hey, I just came cross this. I don’t understand this at all. Is it some secret code?
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2179 | Judgment Search
The Vicar and Churchwardens and NET Coverage Solutions Ltd. applied for a faculty to authorise the installation of telecommunications equipment at the church. There were various notices of objection, but only one objector became a party opponent. Shortly before the planned hearing date, the petitioners withdrew their petition. The party opponent claimed costs aginst the petitioners on the grounds that the petitioners had acted unreasonably. The Chancellor determined that the petitioners had, to a certain extent, acted unreasonably in the matter. He directed that the party opponent's costs be reduced by 10% and that half the reduced amount of costs should be paid by the petitioners.
In 2002 a faculty was granted for the installation of telecoms equipment in the church tower. A document entitled "Lease of Rights" was entered into by the then incumbent and the PCC and O2 (UK) Limited, but it was not authorised by the faculty. In 2013 the telecoms company wished to make changes to the equipment. Some work was done without faculty, but then an application was made in 2016 for a confirmatory faculty to approve the additional works. It was not clear to the Chancellor till much later that some of the work had not yet been done. The Chancellor was concerned about the lack of proper representation, the proposed draft lease/licence, and that before the proceedings were concluded the telecoms company decided to withdraw from the site, so that the Chancellor had to approve terms for the decommissioning of the equipment. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2188 | Connect with us
Can you tell me what this is
Discussion in 'General Electronics Discussion' started by JP Hugo, Jul 7, 2014.
Scroll to continue with content
1. JP Hugo
JP Hugo
Jul 7, 2014
Hey, I am a newbie and would like to know what this is. It looks like a capacitor but I have no idea what the value is. It comes from an old Sharp car radio. Thanks
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2. KrisBlueNZ
KrisBlueNZ Sadly passed away in 2015
Nov 28, 2011
It looks like an inductor. You can see the wires from the coil wrapping around the pins.
None of those numbers gives me any suggestion of what the value might be. You could measure it with an LCR meter.
davenn likes this.
3. JP Hugo
JP Hugo
Jul 7, 2014
Thanks KrisBlueNZ, that helps a lot.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2203 | On maturing Christmas faith
By Danielle Tumminio
Posted Dec 12, 2012
Danielle Tumminio
Danielle Tumminio
[Episcopal News Service] I heard Santa on the roof when I was five years old.
Or, to be more accurate, I heard his reindeers on the roof, and I remember this as clearly as I remember my wedding day: There were jingling bells and clicker clacker sounds and a scraping that could only have been a sleigh on roof shingles.
No doubt about it. It was Santa.
My parents squinted their eyes when I yelled for them to come upstairs with the plea that Santa had arrived and could I please come down and catch a glimpse of the white beard.
But they didn’t let me go downstairs, and that was the last I ever heard Santa, and sometime after that, a dark and dangerous rumor slithered through my school like a snake, and when it bit my curiosity, I demanded that my father tell me the truth about Santa over chicken nuggets at Burger King.
“I need to know,” I said, “I need to know if there’s a Santa Claus.”
My father took a deep breath. “You want to know the truth?”
“Daaaad,” I said, “I need to know.”
“Well, then,” he paused. “There is no Santa. The real Santa Claus died hundreds of years ago, but that doesn’t mean his spirit doesn’t endure. Santa Claus loved little children like you, and he wanted the best for them, and whenever anyone loves a child or provides for them, they are carrying on Santa’s legacy. They’re keeping Santa’s spirit alive.”
I slurped my Coke. “So…no Santa Claus then?”
“No,” he said.
When my father told me that there was no Santa Claus, I didn’t burst into tears or throw a tantrum at Burger King. But I remember feeling the same way that I did when I first read a billboard: I will never be able to un-read this. I can never take it back. This was the kind of knowledge that seeps to the core of your being and changes something about the way you perceive the world, for better or for worse.
And thus began the slow decline of that Christmas mystique—the lights, the music, the fantastical-ness of it all began to seem less fantastic as Santa became a figment, as the homes decorated with lights seemed smaller and I began to be more fascinated by the cost of their electric bills than their beauty. I imagine this happens to most children as they transition to adulthood: What once seemed magical now seems mechanical. And yet, we yearn for the miraculous during Advent and Christmas not just because it’s what we witnessed as children but also because, at heart, a miracle is what the season is really all about.
I like to believe that this is where faith comes in. If faith is the assurance of what is hoped for and the conviction of things unseen, as the letter to the Hebrews says, then having to believe in the miracle of Jesus without evidence is a holy part of our ministry. A challenge, yes, but one that is intended to ultimately enrich our relationship to God.
Which means that finding the mystery in Christmas may take a different form than what we knew before, and it may be more challenging, but we’re called to the journey. And I like to believe it’s a journey worth taking.
Here’s an example of what I mean: We celebrated Lessons and Carols in my church last week, and as the young acolytes lit candles during the service, I couldn’t help but be in awe of the beauty of the light sparkling against the windows, glowing against people’s faces. It wasn’t the same kind of elated, frantic excitement that Santa or giant candy canes on neighbors’ lawns used to bring. It was deep contentment, a peace in the knowledge that God offers us the miracle of birth so that we will discover how God can birth forth faith and life and hope and transformation in us as well.
As Advent reaches its pinnacle and Christmas emerges from it, I wish you all the peace I felt in that moment. I wish you beauty and comfort in God’s presence. And if by chance you hear Santa on the roof, make sure to say hello for me.
– The Rev. Danielle Tumminio lectures at Yale University and is the author of “God and Harry Potter at Yale.” She currently serves as an interim associate at St. Anne in-the-Fields Episcopal Church in Lincoln, Massachusetts.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2216 | Standard media types and associated properties
Basic idea behind connecting various computers together has remained more or less the same for quite some decades now but the methods that is used for connecting them has varied drastically. Many of the technologies now in common practice for the purpose of connecting computers have only evolved within the last 40 years and looks like the technology will continue to progress in the near future as well. The components used in the networks are also evolving because of this advancement in technologies. When setting up a connection between computers, the main aim behind the process is to set up a connection with faster communication along with least errors. However, it is mandatory to note that the media components and the type of topology used in the network sets up if you will attain this goal or not. Also, these components in the network will also be responsible for controlling the network traffic. Below are discussed some of the basic media types and its associated properties which are best suited for connection setup and network trafficking control.
Fiber optic cables are often termed the backbone of the networks which helps you in achieving high bandwidths for setting up a fast and reliable communication. The two main types of fiber optic cables are referred to as multimode and single mode fiber optic cables. Below is a comparison between the two based on their properties and their advantages and disadvantages.
Multimode: MMF cables or multimode fiber optic cables makes use of light for communicating the signal and then dispersing it into several paths. This diversion in several paths is the reason why these cables are known as multi mode cables. The light ruptures fast throughout the core and gets reflected back through cladding which is a different kind of material which is in line with the core and reflects back the light onto it. These cables are suitable as they are beneficial in providing high bandwidths and at high speed over a long distance, generally about 3500 feet but may become inconsistent for long runs. Due to this reason, these cables are generally used for lesser area of the building. Another advantage is that these cables are available in plastic or glass version which makes the installation process easier and enhances the installation flexibility. These cables can also be used in case of electrical interference as they are fully immune to these processes.
Singlemode: SMF cables or the single mode fiber optic cables are a high speed and distance media communication. It makes use of a single or maybe sometimes dual strands made of glass fiber responsible for carrying the signal. Laser is the light source generally used with these kinds of cables although, LEDs (Light emitting diodes) are also used sometimes in this case. With the use of these cables, a mono source of light may be transmitted from one end to other and is pulsed for the purpose of creating communication. These cables are also used in long runs because these cables also have the advantage to transmit the data at a larger distance that the multimode fiber cables and also at a faster rate than it. It is also fully immune to the process of electrical interference as light is the medium used instead of the signals.
Fiber optic cables may be becoming more and more prominent these days, but the copper cables are the most widely accepted and most used for network purposes these days. There are a lot of different forms of these copper cables and quite a lot of technology has been used in their evolution.
UTP: Then unshielded twisted pair or the UTP cables are the most common cables that are in use these days. This is because of their easy to install features than STP. Most widely used areas for these cables are in distribution and access areas for the network. The wire pair inside the cable are also twisted which provides protection from the process of electrical interference.
STP: The shielded twisted pair or the STP cables is much like a UTP cable but it has an extra foil shield which is done to cover the wires for adding another protection layer as a response to magnetic interference from outside. The connections are required to be subtly grounded for the protection to be effective and useful. For such reasons, the whole process of installation becomes a little bit more complex and due to this, many organizations chose to deal with the fiber optic cables instead of these STP cables where there is another problem of electromagnetic interference.
CAT 3: A total of 8 wires making up a combination of 4 pairs set up a cat 3 cables. It also includes 3 twists for each foot. These type of cables can handle transmission up to a frequency of 16 MHz and was very popular in the decade of 1980s or so for giving up a speed of 10 Mbps Ethernet but nowadays, the use of such cables is limited in only telecommunication sector and equipments.
CAT 5: A total of 8 wires making up a combination of 4 pairs set up a cat 5 cables. These category cables are used for a transmission of frequency up to 500 MHz. These plain CAT 5 cables are no longer much in use because of the advanced version of these cables i.e. CAT 5e and the enhanced version of these cable is also available at the same price as the plain CAT 5 cables. So, there is no reason to buy plain CAT 5 cables instead of going for the advanced version.
CAT 5e: A total of 8 wires making up a combination of 4 pairs set up a cat 5 cables. E here in this category stands for the advanced version of the CAT 5 cables. These category cables are also used for a transmission of frequency up to 500 MHz but are also much more capable for handling the disturbances for each pair which occurs because of the transmission on all the 4 pairs at the same time and due to this, it finds extensive use in Gigabit Ethernet.
CAT 6: A total of 8 wires making up a combination of 4 pairs set up a cat 6 cables. These category cables are used for a transmission of frequency up to 250 MHz and also are standard back which was declared in 2002. These are mainly used as riser cables which are used in connecting floors together.
CAT 6a: The A in here stands for the augmented version of the original CAT 6 cables. This category cable is used for a transmission of frequency up to 500 MHz and has characteristics like improved crosstalk etc. These category cables are certainly the future cables and also conform to TIA/EIA specification.
Coaxial: These cables make use of an inner wire core and outer braid using an insulating wire. The inner wire core has the responsibility of carrying the entire signal. This type of cable used to be the backbone of networks connecting the computer and the bus topology in the era of late 1980s.
Crossover: The devices which are similar to each other and need to be connected together are done by the use of crossover cables rather than the straight cables. The straight cables are used to connect two different network devices but in case you use it to connect similar devices, they would still work and it would auto sense this mistake and switch pins for you itself.
T1 Crossover: A channel or data service unit is termed as digital device interface which is used for connecting router with digital circuit like a T3 or T1 line. Connection of single CSU/DSU with another is done by making use of special pinned cable known as the T1 crossover cable.
Straight through: A straight through cables are among the most basic type of cables used in the network. It is also sometimes termed as patch cable because of its property to patch a device together with another device. Two different devices are connected together by making use of patch cables or straight through cables.
Plenum Vs non - plenum
The difference between the plenum cable and the non plenum cable lies in the construction process of these cables and the requirement of the place where it will be used. The area between floors is called plenum and is the perfect setting for running cable to connect various computers together in a building. Circulation of air is the prerequisite for the plenum cables between the storey and the floor of the building. Plenum has disadvantages in case of fire because the insulation of these cables can generate poisonous smoke and can actually help fire spread it. So, these cables have to be tested for these hazards before using them. Non plenum cables are generally less expensive but not quietly used for obvious reasons.
Media converters
With evolvement of networking, the cable types and properties have varied considerably. From copper wires to glass fibers, each category has its own specific properties and can be selected according to the requirement.
Singlemode fiber to Ethernet: Single mode fibers are most used in buildings or a campus, this media converter is used in form of fiber data based signal and when light strikes the building, it carries the signal forward throughout the building in form of electricity. That is where this single mode to Ethernet converter media finds its extensive use.
Multimode fiber to Ethernet: In many of the organizations, the multimode fiber is the backbone of building. This allows it to carry large amount of data than in case of copper cable. Even with this incentive, it looks unlikely that this will be the way for all computers. This converter is mainly used as backbone segment and patch panel leading to wall jacks and then to the computer.
Fiber to Coaxial: Coaxial cables used to be the backbone of some buildings earlier although, this is not seen nowadays. They are now only used for connecting cable modems for telecommunication or internet communication purposes. For a high bandwidth communication through a provider and then distribution among the networks, the whole process is done by making use of a fiber to coaxial converter media.
Single mode to multi mode fiber: Single mode is used to transmit data to larger distances whereas a multi mode finds use inside the building so that it has several channels for communication. Therefore, a combination of both will see use of a single mode to multimode converter which will bring pulses through single mode and then distribute accordingly through multimode.
Distance limitations and speed limitations
The capability of a technology varies greatly with one device to another. Therefore, you need to be careful when choosing one technology over another. The two most important characteristics you need to consider while setting is the maximum distance range and maximum speed it will be providing. There are also several WAN and LAN technologies which covers maximum distance for different technologies.
Broadband over power line
BPL or broadband over power line is a process which carries data based through conductor wire which also finds its use in transmission of electrical power. In the recent years, power lines were considered a great option for communications related to high bandwidths, but now with the advancement in technology and high bandwidth possibility, BPL converters are extensively used for such purposes in various SOHO and enterprise network. The BPL converter facilitates the communication above power lines when there is difficulty in installing other type of lines for communication.
In the end, you must carefully examine the needs and the requirements of the network. You also need to carefully examine the communication cable which one to go for. The more is the category number of the cable, the faster the data can be transmitted through the same without leading to a loss of signal. Also, be prepared to understand the uses of all the types of cables and differences between plenum and a non plenum cable and know which one to go beforehand. Also a requirement for the network is the knowledge and familiarity about the different types of converters and which one would yield you a high output. So, go ahead and get yourself the best network connection.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2273 | Learn from power users and power-up your product
Tips and Tricks · 9 min read
Learn from power users and power-up your product
Justin Owings
Posted September 01, 2019
If you're like me, there's one app on your phone that you log into first thing every morning. You check it every single day—maybe even every hour—to see what your friends are up to, send messages, or check what's trending in the news.
Maybe it's just to check the weather.
Your app has a similar group of powers users—people who regularly check in, are always looking to discover something new, get the latest info, whatever.
They use every part of your product and know it backwards and forwards. This makes them real-life knowledge databases. Not only do they know more about your product than your average user, they very well may know it better than you.
What makes power users tick? How do regular users turn into power users? If you can understand why power users become so engaged, you can use this insight help the average user, improving the product's value proposition, retention, driving growth, and more.
Start by finding your power users.
Power users by definition use your product all the time.
Because they use your product so frequently, they understand what it's supposed to do for them. They know where to find features and how to adapt them to their specific needs. All of this work and patience makes power users valuable resources not only as long-lived customers, but as reservoirs of knowledge.
Of course, before you can learn from them, you have to know who they are. Below are common ways to identify your power users:
• They're "regulars"—repeat users. One of your core metrics is probably DAU. Power users are usually the ones with the most visits under their belt. It's easy to spot regulars in FullStory (more on that below).
• They're vocal and share insights and feedback regularly. For example, they may reach out on social media or forums to talk about your product, offer ideas for new features, or share bugs they've encountered. Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Quora—all of these places are likely to contain public chatter. Google around and take notes on your findings. They are also likely to reach out over your support channels with ideas, feedback, etc.
• They're influential. Power users leave frequent, well thought-out comments about your product and have backgrounds that give their comments credibility. Other users are more likely to listen to them and trust what they have to say.
• They're active early adopters. Launching MVPs is the norm these days. Power users are the ones who'll not only download a new app just because it's there, but use it consistently.
While there's much to learn about power users "in the wild"—when they're talking about your product to others—the most surefire way to find them and learn from them is through observing how they use your site or app.
That's where FullStory search and session replay come in.
Identifying your power users in FullStory.
There are many ways to identify your power users in FullStory; however, we have a couple suggestions to get you started.
The Top Users list card.
The "came with the frame" solution is to login to FullStory and scroll down below your list of recent sessions and find the Top Users card. This shows you top users based on total sessions logged. The list gives you a snapshot of who's most active in your product.
You can refine the Top Users list through filtering your sessions by whatever additional criteria you like.[1] This list is a great place to start your Top Users research. If there are specific identified users (e.g. you are using fs.identify) you find particularly noteworthy, write down their ID. You could create a segment in FullStory based off these IDs for future reference.
Create a Power Users segment.
The second option is to create a search in FullStory for your users who have reached a certain threshold of activity. For example, at FullStory, we have a "Power Users" segment. The search criteria for this segment are simple:
• Show me all the users with greater than 100 sessions.
• Exclude any users with @fullstory email addresses.
• Exclude any users with our IP address.
It looks like this:
If you just created that segment, go ahead and save it!
Having created a Power Users segment in FullStory, you'll immediately get some juicy stats on them. For example, a cursory look at our Power Users segment in contrast to "Everyone" tells us that our set of "Power Users" represent 4% of our total but 40% of sessions. Wow.
When we run some quick numbers on the Average User Session stats card (read more about that here), we further validate that our power users just do more all around:
Pretty cool, right? But this is just the beginning of what we can learn about power users, and now that you've identified them, you're ready to take the next step.
Learn from them!
Power users reveal the path to your product's value.
Power users put in the time to climb the learning curve of your product. As a result, they know how to navigate your product efficiently. What's more, they are willing to dig around, tinker, and experiment to learn more. There is a very good chance they know your product in a way that you—on the inside of the product—may never quite understand.
You can learn a lot from power users.
Once you identify them, spend some time watching what your top users are doing—using session replay. Think of their interactions as well-worn desire paths that imply intention and purpose. Getting an understanding of these paths will create opportunities. So take notes on their behavior and pay attention to things like:
• What do they do first when logging in? The details matter. Remember: your top users are going to be more efficient at navigating your product, so there is very likely a clear purpose in their behavior.
• What features do they use the most? If there's a specific feature you want to track interaction with, you could creatively search in FullStory for interactions with that part of your product and see if any of your Top Users are taking advantage of it.
• How long is their typical session? Are they typically in and out over and over again? Or do they tend to have marathon sessions?
• Are there common patterns to their sessions? We are creatures of habit—power users are no different.
• What features are they not using? We may be in love with our latest snazzy feature, but are the power users actually using it? What features are they not using?
• What is the Job to Be Done? Try and tease out what it is—the task—they're looking to accomplish. What is the?
You might be surprised by what you find, but you can take what you learn from your research here and optimize which features to emphasize during onboarding—the goal is to take that value and make it accessible to all of your users.
If you can "pave the path" for all your users and help them extract more value out of your product, your product will be all the more successful.
An important caveat: your power users are a special group of users who are likely the kind of people who always do more when it comes to how they use any given site or app. They have a temperament and a tolerance that your average user may not possess. Therefore, while you're observing power users' behaviors, it's important to remember not to take everything they suggest at face value. They may have a lot of feedback to offer, but they want you to build a product that meets their needs, which may not be the needs of your whole customer base.
The last thing you want is a product they love but average users don't understand.
You still want to help the power users as much as you can, so if there's a feature that your power users are begging for, consider if you could build it with enough flexibility to make it useful for average users and power users.
Give your users the power of appreciation!
Not only are your power users treasure troves of knowledge about your product, they're also hugely invested in what you've built. They may even feel that your product is a part of their identity.
For example, have you ever talked to someone who a master at Excel? If you haven't, find one. Then, pour yourself a cup of tea, find a nice couch, and get them talking about how they use hotkeys, alt+ menu shortcuts, pivot tables, INDEX functions, and on and on. You'll soon be lulled to sleep as they tell you about how to Paste Special ➡ Values.
Commence power nap.
Give your power users something back for their hard work. Recognize their dedication to your product. Incentivize your more average users to become power users. Here are a few suggestions to get you started:
• Get testimonials from power users and share them with all of your users via email or social media. Rather than hearing how great your product is from you, which is a lot like hearing a parent glow over their children, let your power users do the talking.
Share their tweets. Ask power users to share their stories. They'll be happy to share and your other users will benefit from hearing their knowledge.
• Send personalized messages when new users hit certain milestones. Ever considered reaching out directly to your identified power users? "Hey, we appreciate your dedication to our product! We wanted to show that appreciation by shooting you some swag if you were interested." Since you've already identified your power users (above) using FullStory, if you have their contact information as part of your user identification, the hard work is already done. Simply export a list, craft an email, and show some appreciation.
• Create in-app messaging that rewards power users. "Achievement unlocked." Who doesn't like being recognized? Who doesn't like getting a quick high-✋ when you did something cool? Little rewards work, so why not build them into your product?
I have the power!
"As you gain fresh insight from your data, it opens the door to new questions. As you have new questions, you need to update your instrumentation and analysis. Saying the process is “done” is saying you understand every thing there is to know about your users, product, and channels. -"Brian Balfour
Keeping tabs on your power users is critical—both from a learning standpoint and also by knowing when your power users may be getting frustrated. Just as much as power users are fountains of user-driven product knowledge, they can also be canaries in the coal mine—if you see them losing interest, figure out what's wrong ASAP. Work with your power users so that they always see your product as the answer to their needs.
Now go appreciate your power users and empower everyone else!
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2351 | Conan O'Brien Mocks 'Euphoria's' Explicit Content With Fake Ad
Euphoria-Zendaya-Publicity Still 2-H 2019
Eddy Chen/HBO
Zendaya stars in HBO's Euphoria.
HBO's new Zendaya-starring teen drama Euphoria has already made headlines for its explicit content, including graphic nudity, violence and drug use among young people. The first episode features an erect penis that is shown in a scene about statutory rape, while the series also includes storylines of a teenager overdosing and a sex scene between teens that involves choking.
One episode even features close to 30 penises onscreen, a stat that was cited in The Hollywood Reporter's recent story about the series and is used as a jumping-off point for a fake ad that Conan O'Brien's team made about the show, which premieres Sunday on TBS' WarnerMedia sister network.
The fake ad, which aired on Thursday night's Conan, praised HBO for its "truly original" and "boundary-pushing" original series.
"In our first teen drama, we go all the way to the edge," a narrator says as clips from Euphoria play. "We explore identity, addiction, depression … and ding-a-lings!"
The rest of the ad features clips from Euphoria intercut with penis puns, including "a four score of foreskin" and footage of hot dogs described as "the cast showing up for work."
A reporter with an HBO microphone also asks a man in his car to guess how many penises are shown in Euphoria, urging him to up the number.
The man ultimately gives up, rolls up his window and drives away.
"Euphoria, the only teen drama with HBO's 30-penis guarantee," concluded the narrator.
Watch Conan's parody of Euphoria below. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2363 | Keep Houston Press Free
Reviews for the Easily Distracted:
In the Blood
Title: In the Blood
DIdn't Captain America: The Winter Soldier Open This Week? I went to the Astros opening game instead. What is it with these questions, anyway?
Rating Using Random Objects Relevant To The Film: Three Gulfstreams out of five.
Brief Plot Synopsis: Newlywed with troubled past attempts to solve mystery of husband's disappearance, cure hemophilia.
Tagline: None. I guess all their writing budget went to pay Treat Williams' exorbitant salary.
Better Tagline: "'Til death does she part ... and not a second before."
Not So Brief Plot Synopsis: Ava (Gina Carano) seems to have gotten her life back on track after a sketchy childhood involving combat training and her father's murder. Newly married to handsome (and rich) Derek (Cam Gigandet), she's ready to turn over a new leaf. If only these Dominican drug dealers with their weird diseases would stop kidnapping strapping American men, forcing her to scissor kick them into oblivion.
"Critical" Analysis: A general rule for honeymoons should be: when Danny Trejo shows up, it's time to pack it in.
In the Blood is going to draw inevitable Taken references. I know, because I'm about to make one ("Do you Taken this woman?"). That's understandable, and it's hardly the only movie that's going to elicit the same comparisons.
What makes this movie different is Carano. Nobody's going to mistake the former MMA fighter for Kate Wnslet, or Kate Hudson for that matter, but she's definitely more at ease here than in the uneven Haywire. More to the point: she kicks serious ass. In fact, if I have a major complaint with In the Blood, it's that it leaves too many asses un-kicked. There are other, great martial artists in film right now (The Raid's Iko Uwais and Tony Jaa come to mind), but -- for some reason - Hollywood wants to make Carano happen.
Or maybe not. In the Blood is directed by John "Cougar" Stockwell, who never met a submerged bikini shot he didn't like. From Blue Crush to Into the Blue to Turistas to Dark Tide, I'm convinced he just sits around his Top Gun mansion reading scripts until he finds one containing the magical combination of cerulean water and two piece swimsuits.
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And to be sure, Carano looks perfectly fetching in her beach combo, or Daisy Dukes and a tank top, or an evening dress and a thong (tastefully exposed during a nightclub free-for-all). But she also represents a complete 180 degree circle kick on the traditional female role. "Why aren't I driving?" Derek asks while riding pillion on a jet ski (I'll bet Ava doesn't even ask for directions). He's even the one to ask, "What are you thinking?" Jeez, why doesn't he just put on a dress and be done with it?
Even better is when Luis Guzman shows up and tells her how the noble Dominican Republic abides by the Geneva Convention and Ava needs to take her vigilante ass out of there. Guzman's not a bad actor, but he's played sleazeballs for so long it's impossible to take the scene seriously.
So, short version: remake all Chuck Norris, Jean-Claude Van Damme, and Steven Seagal movies with Gina Carano in them. And also make her Wonder Woman. And give Luis Guzman an honorary Academy Award.
In the Blood is in theaters today. If your date gets bored, you can always ask her to choke you out.
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The Xperia XA1 Ultra is an Android smartphone manufactured by Sony Mobile. It can be identified by model number: G3226. It comes in gold, black, white, and pink.
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How much to fix the LCD inside screen and glass replacement?
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If you repair it yourself, about $50USD.
If you have a shop repair it, $70-$90USD
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How much would it cost to replace the glass in my Sony experia xa1
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A new screen for Sony Xperia XA1 Ultra about US$44.35.
You can follow this Sony Xperia XA1 Ultra LCD Screen Repair Guide to replace it yourself. They also provided the replacement parts and tools to help you repair.
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How much to refer my sonny Xperia xa1 my screen all ready broke in the frame also dis Aland sir plz help me
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Kevin Hernandez will be eternally grateful.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2409 | * BLOOD & OIL. 9 p.m. Sunday, 6ABC.
* QUANTICO. 10 p.m. Sunday, 6ABC.
FIRE UP the DVR: Sunday brings CBS' send-off to the show that helped change the face of its schedule over the past 15 years, two new series from ABC and a new, India-set period drama from PBS' "Masterpiece" that could be the newest jewel in the network's crown.
If you haven't watched "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" since Gil Grissom (William Petersen) left, the good news is that he'll be back in the two-hour finale, along with Catherine Willows (Marg Helgenberger) in an episode written by series creator Anthony Zuiker.
Dominatrix Lady Heather (Melinda Clarke) is also supposed to return, according to CBS, to "create controversy one last time between Grissom and Jorja Fox's Sara Sidle."
ABC's 'Blood & Oil'
After a young couple (Chace Crawford and Rebecca Rittenhouse) see their dream of opening three laundromats in the boomtowns of oil-rich North Dakota hit the spin cycle, a daring Plan B draws them into the orbit of oil tycoon Hap Briggs (Don Johnson) in ABC's appropriately sudsy "Blood & Oil."
Amber Valletta plays Briggs' wife and business adviser, Carla, and Scott Michael Foster ("Chasing Life") his good-for-nothing son, Wick.
This new "Dallas" could be coming a bit late, as declining oil prices threaten to turn the Bakken boom into a bust, but the story's timeless enough, if maybe a little tired.
ABC's 'Quantico'
Everything I know I learned from TV, including this: When a woman has sex with a handsome stranger the day before beginning a new job, that stranger will be one of the first people she meets on the job.
But after ABC's "Quantico" goes where "Grey's Anatomy" has gone before, things actually get interesting.
Priyanka Chopra, a former Miss World already famous as an actress in her native India, stars as Alex Parrish, an FBI recruit who, like most of her remarkably diverse (and apparently devious) class of fellow trainees, has her secrets.
But does that make her a terrorist?
Alex's training is seen in flashbacks from a bombing at Manhattan's Grand Central Station that's supposed to be the largest such attack since Sept. 11. The FBI's convinced that one member of her class is responsible.
Heightened reality, I suspect, doesn't begin to describe the show's approach to FBI training (or, for that matter, recruitment). But after its unpromising beginning, the pilot has nary a dull moment, and Chopra alone would be reason enough to watch.
PBS' 'Indian Summers'
"Is 'Indian Summers' the new 'Downton Abbey?' " asked the British press when the series about life among the English ruling class in 1932 India premiered in the U.K. last winter.
PBS, which launches the nine-episode series Sunday on "Masterpiece," can only hope so.
"Downton," which begins its final season Jan. 3, drew viewers to "Masterpiece" who may not have watched PBS regularly since "Sesame Street," and helped bring in enough support to fund 21 more hours of programming for 2015.
I wouldn't count on "Indian Summers" to supplant "Downton Abbey" in anyone's affections, but, after a slowish start, it's proving addictive.
Julie Walters ("Educating Rita") stars as Cynthia Coffin, who runs a British club at the center of social life in Simla (now known as Shimla), the northern retreat where the viceroy and those who helped him rule India during the days of the empire would go to beat the heat.
Much of the action, though, swirls around the viceroy's private secretary, Ralph Whelan (Henry Lloyd-Hughes), and his sister, Alice (Jemima West), who's recently returned to her childhood home after many years in England.
Both have secrets that could destroy them in the gossipy, unforgiving society, as does just about everyone in "Indian Summers."
Indian civil servant Aafrin Dalal (Nikesh Patel) also has a sister, Sooni (Aysha Kala), whose revolutionary fervor is one of several threats to his ambitions.
Change is coming that will affect all of them - Time magazine had named Mahatma Gandhi "man of the year" in 1930, after all - and "Indian Summers" doesn't ignore it. It is, if anything, more incisive about class, both among the British and the Indians, than "Downton," while providing all the romance and intrigue anyone could wish for.
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Elementary School: Supporting the Learning Community
Clip 8/15: Day 14: Modeling presenting and listening
Supporting Others: After the first few weeks of school, Mia is able to call on students to model their thinking for the group, and ask the other students to support them in doing so.
How do your students model presenting and listening?
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2412 |
Excluding the wireless spectrum licenses divestment, its adjusted EPS increased 13.3%. While the number of video customers decreased, Comcast had around 433,000 and 211,000 additions in high-speed Internet customers and voice customers, respectively. The total customer additions for Comcast were 583,000, to 51.9 million customers in Q1 2013. Chairman and CEO Brian Roberts feels quite positive about Comcast’s future, after the completion of the NBCUniversal acquisition during the quarter.
Income investors might like Cablevision the most with its highest dividend yield at 4%. However, the payout ratio is as high as 100%, meaning that the company pays all of its earnings in dividends. Comcast offers a lower dividend yield at 1.90%, however, it only pays out 27% of its earnings in dividends. AMC does not pay any dividends.
My Foolish take
AMC is not a good stock to accumulate at the moment because of its high valuation, selling of shares by the CEO, and a weak balance sheet. Among the three, I like Comcast the most with its low valuation, a reasonable dividend yield but conservative payout ratio, and strong operating performance.
The article Should We Be Bearish on This Stock After Recent Insider Sales? originally appeared on and is written by Anh Hoang.
Anh HOANG has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends AMC Networks. Anh is a member of The Motley Fool Blog Network — entries represent the personal opinion of the blogger and are not formally edited.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2440 | << Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >
Order Primates of class Mammalia includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and the apes, which include humans. Non-human primates live primarily in tropical or subtropical regions of South America, Africa, and Asia. They range in size from the mouse lemur at 30 grams (1 ounce) to the mountain gorilla at 200 kilograms (441 pounds). The characteristics and evolution of primates are of particular interest to us as they allow us to understand the evolution of our own species.
All primate species have adaptations for climbing trees, as they all descended from tree-dwellers, although not all species are arboreal. This arboreal heritage of primates resulted in hands and feet that are adapted for brachiation , or climbing and swinging through trees. These adaptations include, but are not limited to 1) a rotating shoulder joint, 2) a big toe that is widely separated from the other toes and thumbs that are widely separated from fingers (except humans), which allow for gripping branches, and 3) stereoscopic vision , two overlapping visual fields, which allows for the depth perception necessary to gauge distance. Other characteristics of primates are brains that are larger than those of many other mammals, claws that have been modified into flattened nails, typically only one offspring per pregnancy, and a trend toward holding the body upright.
Order Primates is divided into two groups: prosimians and anthropoids. Prosimians include the bush babies of Africa, the lemurs of Madagascar, and the lorises, pottos, and tarsiers of Southeast Asia. Anthropoids include monkeys, lesser apes, and great apes ( [link] ). In general, prosimians tend to be nocturnal, smaller in size than anthropoids, and have relatively smaller brains compared to anthropoids.
Seven photos of primates include (a) two lemurs on a tree branch; (b) a howler monkey; (c) two gibbons with long arms holding on to a rope above their heads; (d) a chimpanzee; (e) a bonobo; (f) a gorilla, and (g) an orangutan.
Primates can be divided into prosimians, such as the (a) lemur, and anthropoids. Anthropoids include monkeys, such as the (b) howler monkey; lesser apes, such as the (c) gibbon; and great apes, such as the (d) chimpanzee, (e) bonobo, (f) gorilla, and (g) orangutan. (credit a: modification of work by Frank Vassen; credit b: modification of work by Xavi Talleda; credit d: modification of work by Aaron Logan; credit e: modification of work by Trisha Shears; credit f: modification of work by Dave Proffer; credit g: modification of work by Julie Langford)
Section summary
The earliest vertebrates that diverged from the invertebrate chordates were the jawless fishes. Hagfishes are eel-like scavengers that feed on dead invertebrates and other fishes. Lampreys are characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth, and some species are parasitic on other fishes. Gnathostomes include the jawed fishes (cartilaginous and bony fishes) as well as all other tetrapods. Cartilaginous fishes include sharks, rays, skates, and ghost sharks. Bony fishes can be further divided into ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes.
As tetrapods, most amphibians are characterized by four well-developed limbs, although some species of salamanders and all caecilians are limbless. Amphibians have a moist, permeable skin used for cutaneous respiration. Amphibia can be divided into three clades: salamanders (Urodela), frogs (Anura), and caecilians (Apoda). The life cycle of amphibians consists of two distinct stages: the larval stage and metamorphosis to an adult stage.
The amniotes are distinguished from amphibians by the presence of a terrestrially adapted egg protected by amniotic membranes. The amniotes include reptiles, birds, and mammals. A key adaptation that permitted reptiles to live on land was the development of scaly skin. Reptilia includes four living clades: Crocodilia (crocodiles and alligators), Sphenodontia (tuataras), Squamata (lizards and snakes), and Testudines (turtles).
Birds are endothermic amniotes. Feathers act as insulation and allow for flight. Birds have pneumatic bones that are hollow rather than tissue-filled. Airflow through bird lungs travels in one direction. Birds evolved from dinosaurs.
Mammals have hair and mammary glands. Mammalian skin includes various secretory glands. Mammals are endothermic, like birds. There are three groups of mammals living today: monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians. Monotremes are unique among mammals as they lay eggs, rather than giving birth to live young. Eutherian mammals have a complex placenta.
There are 16 extant (living) orders of eutherian mammals. Humans are most closely related to Primates, all of which have adaptations for climbing trees, although not all species are arboreal. Other characteristics of primates are brains that are larger than those of other mammals, claws that have been modified into flattened nails, and typically one young per pregnancy, stereoscopic vision, and a trend toward holding the body upright. Primates are divided into two groups: prosimians and anthropoids.
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Taking Stock Of Pope Francis After Two Years On The Job
This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Indira Lakshmanan. Pope Francis welcomed 20 new men to the College of Cardinals in Rome this weekend. Most of them are from outside Europe, making this one of the most geographically diverse groups in Catholic history. Quietly shaking things up is not knew for Pope Francis. He's been called the reformer, the people's pope, even the rock star pope. Yet, he's largely toed the line on the most controversial issues. Two years into his papacy, it's far from clear how much change Pope Francis will bring to the church. Rocco Palmo is a Catholic journalist who writes the blog Whispers In The Loggia, and he joins us now from Philadelphia. Welcome to the program.
ROCCO PALMO: Anytime, Indira. Thanks for having me.
LAKSHMANAN: Sure. I want to start with Pope Francis's record on social issues like marriage, birth control, tolerance for gay people. Has his stance on those issues been clear and consistent?
PALMO: Well, what you're calling a stance, and you have to be careful because this isn't kind of party platforms stuff that can be changed at will. This is sprung from the 2,000-year-old teaching of Jesus. So, you know, the pope has his marching orders, if you will, the same as the predecessors before him. But what the key to Francis has been over these last two years and the key to any role in the church is that there's the teaching, but there's also how it's lived out. And, you know, all of us being human, we're all sinners, you know. We all fall short in one way or another. And so you have to see the life of the church as more of a journeying together than as that kind of judgmental wagging of a finger.
LAKSHMANAN: He got a lot of attention last fall when he married 20 couples in a ceremony, and some of them had had unconventional family arrangements. There was, you know, at least one woman who had a child from a previous relationship. And, you know, also what he sort of suggested tolerance for people who've been divorced and remarried. Where does he stand on that?
PALMO: Well, again, there's the teaching, but there's also that lived experience. When you look at the stats of the Catholic Church in this country, 90 percent of couples getting married in Catholic Churches today are living together before they get married. So what do you want to do? Turn them all away? So he's basically saying, look, if people are coming, that means they have goodwill.
LAKSHMANAN: So an open door policy in a way.
PALMO: And that's always been the case, but because, again, when you look at the U.S., you have 25 percent of Catholics on average nationwide attend mass on Sundays, which means 75 percent don't, and they don't feel that door is open to them. So he's saying, you know, we really have to be better in terms of how what we say is perceived.
LAKSHMANAN: Can he compel priests and cardinals to follow his example, or is this just him expressing a personal opinion and hoping that they fall into line?
PALMO: As for the leadership of the church, you know, there are many who are on board with him, but one of the perks of being pope is that you have the exclusive power to appoint all the bishops in the world, and especially powerfully this weekend, you know, the members of the College of Cardinals who will elect his successor. And, you know, calling in these guys not from the great prestigious cities in the world, bypassing the United States again for the first time in 40 years, you know. You have new cardinals from Tonga, which has never had a cardinal before; from the Cape Verde Islands, places that never been thought of having a cardinal. And somebody said to me, it's not that these guys are going to elect the next pope, it's that one of them can be the next pope. And if that happens, you know, again, the pope has absolute power in the church. So it's basically, for anyone who wants to go back to the way things were before Francis, it's game over.
LAKSHMANAN: That's interesting. I mean, there has been unhappiness from some conservative Cardinals and traditionalists who have felt that the pope is moving away from church doctrine. I've heard others say, well, you know, this is how the progressives felt for the last 30 years under Pope Benedict and Pope John Paul the II so now the shoe's on the other foot. What is it about Francis that makes the conservatives feel so uncomfortable?
PALMO: I think there's a sense that, you know, because the conservative camp in the church, you know, has emphasized doctrine at the expense of, in many cases, real people and real - were making people feel so judged that they don't even want to give the church any of their time. And he's saying, no, we have to do better than that. You know, Jesus called everybody to himself, and if anything, the people who he judged most harshly were the religious authorities of his day.
And so really, it's kind of an example of the more things change, the more they stay the same. Just this week, Cardinal Donald Wuerl, a significant moderate in the church, who's the archbishop of Washington, wrote a post on his blog saying that dissent - and that's a very strong word in Catholic context - dissent from a pope, not just resistance, but people actively defying a pope, he said, has always been part of church history. And he didn't name any names, but he basically fired away at the conservative critics of Francis to say what every dissent, progressive or conservative, in the history of the church has had in common it's that people get upset at the pope for not doing what they want him to do. But it's not about them. It's about Jesus. It's about his church. And the Pope is not just the symbol, but the living evidence of the church's unity and its vitality.
LAKSHMANAN: Rocco Palmo is a Catholic journalist who writes the blog Whispers In The Loggia. Thanks so much for joining us.
PALMO: Anytime. Happy weekend, Indira. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2486 | Galapagos Tips & Information | < 1 MIN READ
What are the best birds to see in the Galapagos?
User Avatar Written by: Christopher Klassen
Large flamingos in the Galapagos
There are a grand total of 56 native species of birds in the Galapagos that are present throughout the whole year. 45 of these birds are endemic to the archipelago, which means that they can’t be found anywhere else in the world! The remaining 11 are indigenous, which means they do live in other places besides the Galapagos. The various birds that are present in the Galapagos are categorized as: land, shore, or sea birds.
In addition to these 56 native species of birds in the Galapagos Islands, there are an additional 29 species of migrant birds which vary between being both native and/or migratory.
1. Waved Albatross
Galapagos albatrosses
Albatrosses are known for their interesting and charming courtship rituals
Also known as the Galapagos albatross, the waved albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) is one of the largest birds that lives in the Galapagos. It can weigh up to 11 pounds (4.9 kilograms) and has a wingspan of 7 or 8 feet (approx. 2.5 meters). This magnificent species of bird in the Galapagos are only found on one island in the archipelago – Española. As this is a migratory species of bird, you will only find them living and breeding between the months of April and December on Española Island. They have also sometimes been seen on Isla de la Plata and Genovesa Island. Waved albatrosses mate for life, and both parents work together to take care of their young.
2. Blue-Footed Booby
Blue-footed boobies
The blue-footed booby is a marine bird that can be found in the subtropical and tropical regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) is one of the best-known and perhaps most iconic bird of the Galapagos. Their name comes from the Spanish word “bobo,” which means “fool” or “clown” in Spanish, and might have been coined as a reference to either their clumsiness on land or their fearlessness towards humans. Blue-footed boobies have no natural predators, so they spend a lot of time on land and even nest right on the ground, in plain sight. Seymour Island is one of their main breeding grounds, and there are so many boobies here that visitors actually have to be careful not to step on any of their nests!
3. Galapagos Hawk
Galapagos hawk
The Galapagos hawk is the only predator in the Galapagos Islands
The Galapagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis) is a bird that is endemic to the Galapagos Islands and also the only diurnal bird of prey in the archipelago. It feeds on insects, giant centipedes, rodents, and small reptiles (including the young of tortoises, sea turtles, and iguanas). This Galapagos bird’s mating behavior is highly unusual, as these hawks practice polyandry, which means that each female hawk has several, simultaneous mates. The male hawks (that she holds ties with) all partake in helping the female care for her eggs and young.
4. Galapagos Penguin
Galapagos penguin
The Galapagos penguin is the second smallest species of penguin in the world
The Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is the only penguin in the world that lives north of the equator and happens to be the second smallest species of penguin on our planet. The Galapagos has a population of approximately 2,000 penguins, with around 95 percent of these living on the islands of Fernandina and Isabela. They nest in caves and breed all year long.
See these iconic birds from the Galapagos Islands for yourself!
5. Magnificent Frigatebird
Magnificent frigatebird
Magnificent frigatebirds are often referred to as “pirate birds” for their peculiar habit of stealing food from other birds
The magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) has several nicknames: Spanish sailors called them “pirate birds” and “man-o’-wars” for their habit of attacking other birds to steal their food. Darwin called them the “condors of the oceans” for their exceptionally long wingspan and ability to stay airborne for days. The magnificent frigatebird’s wingspan can match that of the waved albatross, despite having a significantly smaller, central body mass. This species, in fact, has the proportionately greatest wingspan of any living bird, and it’s popular with visitors due to its “aerial acrobatics.” The male is all black, with a red gular pouch that it will spend hours inflating during mating season to court the females. The female, which is slightly larger, has a blue ring around its eyes, along with a white breast and shoulders.
6. Flightless Cormorant
Flightless cormorants in the Galapagos
Flightless cormorants are exclusively found on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina.
The flightless cormorant in the Galapagos is a species of bird in the Galapagos that displays wholly unique characteristics, the most remarkable of which is its acquired inability to fly. They still have wings, sure, but they’re nothing more than short and stubby vestiges of the talent for flight they once held. Now, the flightless cormorant in the Galapagos is an adept swimmer, moving amongst currents and tides like total experts in hunt for their sustenance. To this day, they remain as a living manifestation of the importance of of adaptability!
7. Red-footed booby
Red-footed booby in the Galapagos
Their red feet dangling out of the branches and leaves are hard to miss!
The smallest of the booby family in the Galapagos Islands, red-footed boobies are only found on select islands in the archipelago – Genovesa principally, and San Cristobal occasionally. They often forage on the outskirts of Galapagos waters, frequently on the hunt for flying fish, which they’re able to catch thanks to their remarkable speed. One of their most unique featured is that, unlike blue-footed boobies, red-footed boobies in the Galapagos nest above ground, in the bushes.
8. Galapagos Flamingo
Galapagos flamingos
Pink birds of the Galapagos: Flamingos
The Galapagos flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) makes for the smallest population of flamingo in the world, with only 320 to 350 of this particular species left. Consequently, they are considered an endangered species. While other flamingo species necessitate large groups for mating, Galapagos flamingos need only a few pairs. They inhabit saltwater lagoons near the sea and are filter feeders that mainly eat brine shrimp.
9. Darwin’s Finches
Darwin's finch
One of the birds of the Galapagos that contributed to Darwin’s theory of evolution: The Finch
Darwin’s finches comprise 14 species that all belong to the tanager family of birds and aren’t closely related to true finches at all. They are all members of the subfamily Geospizinae. While some finches can be found throughout the islands, others are endemic to just one or two of them. The finches are known for their wide diversity in beak shape (that is a physical reflection of their diet and niche). The large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris), for example, has a massive beak used for cracking seeds while the small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) has a small beak designed for hunting insects. The sharp-billed ground finch (G. difficilis), otherwise known as the vampire finch, is a parasitic species that drinks the blood of other birds.
10. Mockingbirds
Galapagos mockingbirds
The Galapagos mockingbird is one of four mockingbird species endemic to the Galapagos Islands.
Four species of mockingbirds belonging to the genus Mimus live in the Galapagos Islands. The Galapagos mockingbird (M. parvulus) is one of the most prevalent species of birds in the Galapagos and can be found on several islands while the other three are all confined to a single island. The Española mockingbird (M. macdonaldi) is the biggest and fearless of humans. The Floreana mockingbird (M. trifasciatus) has the sad distinction of being one of the world’s rarest birds too, as there are only 250 of these left. The San Cristobal mockingbird (M. melanotis) is shyer than the other three species.
11. Swallow-Tailed Gull
Swallow tailed gull
The swallow-tailed gull is a near-endemic breeding bird of the Galapagos Islands
The swallow-tailed gull (Creagrus furcatus) is the world’s only fully-nocturnal gull. It feeds on the squid and fish that surface at night to eat plankton. This species can be found throughout the Galapagos Islands, and it nests on cliff ledges. Swallow-tailed gulls mate for life, and these mated pairs all stay in small groups together, collectively building nests and laying eggs at the same time. Swallow-tailed gulls have a single chick and both parents care for it. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2492 | In Massachusetts, filing first should not make a difference to the outcome of a divorce case. A judge will consider all facts and circumstances in reaching her decision on various issues. The mere fact that the “petitioner” (person who files first) gets to speak first during proceedings will probably not prejudice an experienced judge’s findings and rulings.
Also, the fact that spouses live in different Massachusetts counties should not affect where the divorce case is heard (and thus will not advantage the petitioner). In Massachusetts, the case is heard in the county where the spouses last resided. If there is hardship or inconvenience to any party, the court may transfer venue to the fairest and most convenient county for both parties.
However, if parties reside in different states with different laws, it may advantage a spouse to file first, where the case will be heard in the state of filing. In order to file in Massachusetts, one party needs to have been a resident for at least one year (or if the grounds of divorce occurred in Massachusetts). So, it may be difficult, because of the waiting period required, for one spouse to move to Massachusetts in order to file for divorce there.
A spouse would want to file for divorce in Massachusetts if, for example, she wants an “equitable” or fair distribution of marital property. If most of the property was acquired through her labor and effort, then in Massachusetts she will get most of the property. On the other hand, in a “community property” state such as Texas, each party is entitled to roughly 50%.
As another example of how differences in state law can favor the person who files first, Massachusetts requires a supporting spouse with health insurance to provide additional coverage to the supported spouse as a part of the alimony package. This alimony requirement may vary from state to state. Consulting with an experienced Massachusetts divorce lawyer or a divorce lawyer may be something you wish to undertake – LegalMatch can assist you in that regard – just click the "Find a Lawyer" button above. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2519 | Unbeknownst to many users, Windows 10 comes preinstalled with Microsoft’s very own anti-malware software. Known as Windows Defender, it’s an effective cybersecurity tool for protecting against malware infections. Windows Defender works like other common types of anti-malware software by scanning your computer’s files for malware. If it discovers malware, it will either delete or quarantine the malware. So, how do you use Windows Defender exactly?
Enable Windows Defender
You’ll need to turn on Windows Defender before you can use it. While it’s automatically enabled in Windows 10 by default, some users unknowingly deactivate it. Therefore, it’s a good idea to check your computer’s settings to ensure Microsoft’s proprietary anti-malware software is activated.
From the “Start” menu, type “group policy” and choose “Edit group policy” from the results. Next, click “Computer Configuration,” followed by “Administrative Templates,” “Windows Components” and then “Windows Defender Antivirus.” At the bottom of the list, click “Turn on Windows Windows Defender Antivirus.” You can then click “Apply” and “OK” to complete the setup.
Configure for Real-Time and Cloud-Delivered Protection
For the highest level of protection against malware, you should configure Windows Defender for real-time and cloud-delivered protection. Real-time protection means Windows Defender will constantly scan your computer for malware. Cloud-delivered protection, on the other means, means Windows Defender will leverage a cloud-based database to detect new and emerging forms of malware that would otherwise go unnoticed.
To configure Windows Defender for real-time and cloud-delivered protection, search for “Windows Security” in the search bar and open the software. Next, select “Virus & thread protection.” You can then click “Manage settings” to toggle on “Real-time protection” and “Cloud-delivered protection.”
How to Perform a Manual Scan Using Windows Defender
Even if use real-time and cloud-delivered protection, you may want to perform a manual scan using Windows Defender. Fortunately, Microsoft’s anti-malware scan supports manual scans.
You can perform a manual scan by right-clicking a drive, folder or file on your computer and selecting “Scan with Microsoft Windows Defender.” Depending on the size, it may take anywhere from a few seconds to over an hour. The larger the drive, folder or file, the longer it will take to scan. Regardless, Windows Defender will reveal whether it contains malware.
Update Threat Definitions
Don’t forget to update the threat definitions of Windows Defender. New forms of malware are created daily. As a result, you need to update the software’s threat definitions to protect your computer from infections.
After pulling up Windows Defender, go to “Virus & threat protection.” Under the “updates” section, click the option labeled “Check for updates.” If there’s an update available, you should download it. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2556 | Thomas Kuhn
Publikation von Thomas Kuhn
foraus – Swiss Forum on Foreign Policy launched «IHL 2.0», a call for ideas on future developments of international humanitarian law. From over a dozen submissions, foraus together with various external experts chose the most original and thought-provoking ideas and invited their authors to develop their ideas into concrete policy advices. Two main strands of ideas emerged: The first concerns specific actors in conflicts, whereas the second relates to structural challenges of humanitarian law, particularly regarding compliance. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2588 | Tag - objective
[SBI PO] Halltickets, English Objective and Descriptive paper, Essays, precis practice and free study material
SBI Hall Tickets English Breakup: MCQs English in SSC CGL vs SBI PO: Similarity English in SSC CGL vs SBI PO: Difference English Breakup: Descriptive (50 Marks) Letter writing Precis Essay writing Why Essay is extremely important? Essay: fundamental principles Essay: Grabbing the [...]
How far is profit maximization the basic objective of a firm ? What are the reasons for limiting profit ?
Ans. The fundamental objective for the existence of a business organization is to create value for the shareholders. The key shareholders of any firm are its owners. The owners want to maximize their wealth by availing profitable business opportunities. Thus, maximization of profits is [...] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2589 | Committed to professional custom CNC machined parts & precision machining services
Home > INFO CENTER > NEWS > 4 Rules for the processing of shaft parts
4 Rules for the processing of shaft parts
Shaft parts are a common type of parts, its structure is a rotating body, the length is generally larger than the diameter, in a variety of mechanical equipment, which are widely used to support the transmission parts, transfer torque and bear the load.
The processing of shaft parts follows certain rules as below:
1. Dimensional accuracy. Shaft parts of the main surface is often two categories: one is the inner ring of the bearing with the outer circular shaft neck, that is, supporting the shaft neck, used to determine the position of the shaft and support the shaft, dimensional accuracy requirements are higher, usually IT 5~IT7; The other kind is the shaft neck with various transmission parts, that is, with the shaft neck, its accuracy is slightly lower, often IT6~IT9.
2. Geometric shape accuracy. It mainly refers to the roundness and cylindricity of the important surface such as shaft neck surface, outer conical surface and taper hole. The error should be limited to the dimensional tolerance. For the precision axis, its geometric precision should be specified separately on the part drawing.
3. Mutual position accuracy. Including the inner and outer surface, the coaxiality of the important axial plane, the radial runout of the circle, the perpendicularity of the important end facing the axial line, the parallelism between the ends, etc.
4. Surface roughness. The machining surface of shaft has roughness requirement, which is generally determined according to the possibility and economy of machining. The supporting shaft neck is usually 0.2~1.6 microns, and the transmission fitting shaft neck is 0.4~3.2 microns.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2619 | National Geographic ChannelNat Geo WildNat Geo PeopleNat Geo People
We think we're the ultimate predators but increasingly wild animals are hunting us, and the reasons they attack people are often surprising.
Episode. 1- Watch Out!: A Colorado trail runner ends up running for his life, and a peaceful walk in Canada’s woods turns deadly. When we enter the realm of wild animals, it can become a case of hunter vs. hunted.
Episode. 2 - Killers Among Us: Man-eating lions, baby-stealing baboons, alligators on the attack. Around the world, from Africa to America, the hunted are becoming the hunters.
Episode. 3 -Occupational Hazards: A bear kills a researcher, and two cobras strike their handlers. Animal experts know the behaviors of the creatures they study but did they misjudge?
Read More
Hunter vs. Hunted on Facebook
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• Find out more here!
• Big Cat Quiz
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2626 |
Gods of Gold™ slot first to introduce infinite reels
It easily became one of my favourite slot mechanics, the infinite reels! I now have two favourites NetEnt slot features. The Avalanche™ feature and the INFINIREELS™ feature. The release of the Gods of Gold™ slot marks the launch of the supplier’s ground-breaking infinite bet ways concept! And trust me when I tell you it’ll easily become your new favourite as well! Imagine you place a minimum bet of 0.20 with a chance to activate an (almost) endless series of reels! That’s what I call a good investment!
With each new reel, the number of bet ways multiplies with x3. Keep reading to find out how intense this slot mechanics can be for your winnings. The INFINIREELS™ feature is undoubtedly one of the best slot inventions in the past decade.
Gods of Gold slot
It all starts with 3×3 reels and 27 bet ways
Gods of Gold™ slot launch
The Gods of Gold™ slot is the game selected to introduce the innovative INFINIREELS™ feature. Therefore, it’s the first game to introduce infinite reels or infinite bet ways. There are different ways to describe the newest innovation, but NetEnt prefers to refer to the slot feature as INFINIREELS™.
You’ll get the change to go on a quest with an undead Pharaoh! How often do you get that chance? The Pharaoh got trapped in a treasure chamber in an ancient Babylonian temple. To live again and reclaim his fortune, he must collect all the god idols. Time to go on a quest for life and gold!
It’s pretty clear that the INFINIREELS™ feature is in the spotlights with infinite reels as a result. But to keep the reels coming, you need the help of two other slot features. Therefore, the Gods of Gold™ offers Wilds and Re-spins as well.
The more reels, the more bet ways activated and that’s exactly why the Multi-Slam feature is more than welcome. It’ll add 2 or 3 reels at the same time and a guaranteed win.
What are infinite reels?
A video slot usually consists of a fixed number of reels. This can be 3 reels (often classic slots), 5 reels (modern video slots) or sometimes even more. When a slot mechanics allow this number of reels to grow with no maximum of reels, you can call them infinite reels.
Thanks to NetEnt’s newest slot innovation known as INFINIREELS™, you now have a chance to enjoy infinite reels. Play the Gods of Gold INFINIREELS™ slot with a minimum bet of 0.20 and this small investment can have a dazzling win as a result.
Don’t think you’ll become rich with just a 0.20 bet, though. Because it all starts with just 3×3 reels and 27 bet ways. You can be a lucky one and activating an (almost) endless series of infinite reels, but it’s not as easy as we want it to be. Obviously, because if it was that easy, we would all be rich by now!
Big wins start to appear when you manage to get at least 10 or more reels. Before that, wins are attractive, but you won’t brag about them to your friends yet.
It also depends on the active symbol as the gems are less adventurous than the God symbols. If the gods of luck are with you and new infinite reels keep coming, that’s when you can start dreaming.
infinireels feature
This is what infinite reels look like
How can I activate infinite reels?
As mentioned before, it all starts with 3×3 reels. This means you will always have a minimum of 27 bet ways to start with. This number can climb up easily as each reel multiplies the number of bet ways by x3.
So you start a spin with 27 bet ways, but one extra reel increases the number of ways to win to 81. That’s 27 times 3. Extra reels will be added as soon as each reel have matching symbols. Three of the same, or more, symbols activate 4 reels.
If this 4th reel brings the same symbol, there will be a 5th reel added with the number of bet ways to increase to 243.
The number of bet ways climbs up slowly but it’ll take a few reels more for an intense number of bet ways. Of course, I took my calculator for some interesting calculations. The result:
5 reels show 243 bet ways
10 reels activate 59.049 bet ways
15 reels bring an incredible 14.348.907 ways to win
And with 20 infinite reels, there are a dazzling 3.486.784.401 ways to win. That’s 3.4 billion win lines! You can imagine what your 0.20 bet will look like when you get to this point!
Gods of Gold™ infinite reels
Other Gods of Gold™ slot features
I’m not going to lie to you! It’s not going to be easy to get to the 20 infinite reels, really! You must be made for luck if you get there within a few spins.
But, like everything in life, it’s not impossible! Always keep this in mind when you see your 10 infinite reels being broken up again. There will be that moment that you break through the barrier, with or without the help of Wilds, Re-spins and Multi-Slams.
Because of all of these extra Golds of Gold™ slot features, infinite reels are a “reel thing”! At one point, you might again see your long chain of infinite reels broken up again, but that’s when these slot features can save the day!
Gods of Gold Infinireels slot Re-spins feature
Gods of Gold INFINIREELS slot Re-spins feature
When does the Wild feature save the day?
If no corresponding symbols are triggered and you see your infinite reels chain being smashed because of it, the Wild might come to the rescue.
The Wild symbol can substitute for any of the symbols, except Scatters. If you see your chain broken, it will substitute for the active symbol. This will result in your infinite reels to keep going with another reel being added.
When does a Re-spin save the day?
The Wild is the best thing to happen in case of a no-win situation and will for sure keep your infinite reels running. However, a Re-spin is no promise for a win.
A Re-spin can turn your reel again and award a matching symbol after all. But it can also end up being a disappointing spin again. If so, your infinite reels collected with so much sweat and tears will be gone and forgotten already. Not before your winnings from them have been paid out, of course!
If a Re-spin does save the day, the INFINIREELS feature does not come to an end and adds another reel to the game.
What else?
During a win, the Multi-slam feature can add 2-3 reels at a time. That’s when all of a sudden, the game become even more interesting. The number of bet ways will climb up drastically with a Multi-Slam as well. Besides, a Multi-slam always guarantees a win.
Three or more Scatter Star symbols activate 10 Win Spins. During the Free Spins feature, Pharaoh’s ghost will grant you a guaranteed win for each Spin. Meanwhile, during the main game and during the Free Spins feature, you’ll have a Wild and Re-spins at your disposal.
Infinite reels Minimap
Infinite reels Minimap
How do you keep track of the infinite reels?
There are the infinite reels and there’s your screen! Your screen obviously doesn’t grow along with the infinite reels! Neither do we have infinite screens.
If you have a photographic memory, you’re sorted! No infinite screen needed or no Minimap. Because that’s how you can follow the infinite reels from the first spin.
The counter at the right bottom of the screen is showing you the active symbols collected and the number of reels that passed so far!
In the above image, you see the Minimap showing the active green rubies. The Minimap also registers the Wilds and Scatters.
By on 15 May, 2020 |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2629 | Skin Emergencies: How to Treat Sunburn
By ·
Skin Emergencies: How to Treat Sunburn featured image
Nothing screams beauty mishap like a red, blotchy complexion. “Red, inflamed skin can signify many things and can be from many different causes; the most common being an allergic reaction to chemicals or when the skin comes into contact with an irritant,” explains Cecilia Wong, founder of Cecilia Wong Skincare. No matter how much makeup you use to cover it up, you need to tackle the root of the problem to get your skin back to normal.
What It’s From
A bad sunburn or windburn
How It Happens
Any time the skin’s barrier function (the skin’s ability to protect itself) is compromised by an environmental element or ingredient, the skin goes into defense mode and tries to safeguard itself. “Essentially, the skin has experienced trauma to the superficial layer and some of the ceramides have been lost, so the skin can’t protect itself as well,” says New York dermatologist Hooman Khorasani, MD. “It becomes dehydrated and exposed to allergens and pathogens, causing an inflammatory response, which leads to redness.”
How To Fix It
Skin that’s out of balance needs to be fed with the right nutrients, oils and vitamins. Red, inflamed skin must be treated gently and with care because
of its fragile state.
Treat It With
At-Home Remedies
Keep it basic: Wash—don’t scrub—with a simple, creamy cleanser (avoid hot water), use a medium-weight moisturizer to hydrate and apply an aloe-based gel or cooling lotion to alleviate any discomfort. “Oils, like chamomile, calendula and carrot, help heal the skin, and give instant relief,” says Wong, who also suggests taking chlorophyll pills to help decrease the inflammation.
Follow your normal skin-care routine, but skip anything with vitamin A or C in it as well as retinoids because your skin may not be able to tolerate the harshness.
Once your skin starts to return to normal, you can slowly start to work your regular products back into your routine.
Doctor’s Orders
“Apply whole-milk compresses to the skin followed by a drop of over-the-counter cortisone. Together, the two take down inflammation and redness,” says New York dermatologist Gervaise Gerstner, MD.
Product Pick
Enriched with aloe, oats and an anti-irritant derived from chamomile to soothe skin, Skyn Iceland Pure Cloud Cream provides intense hydration to skin that’s been compromised by extreme weather—both hot and cold. $65,
Did You Know?
If harsh anti-aging or acne products cause a burning sensation after you have applied moisturizer, it’s because your skin is overprocessed, overexfoliated and the barrier has been compromised, which can cause ingredients that get absorbed to create the stinging sensation.
More Solutions for Skin Emergencies:
Itchy Skin
Flaking Skin
Stress Breakouts
Find a Doctor
Find a NewBeauty "Top Beauty Doctor" Near you
Give the Gift of Luxury
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2631 | American Lung Association
Is Incense Unsafe?
By Marci Robin October 24, 2010
Love the incense your spa uses to enhance the relaxing atmosphere? Well, you may find it hard to relax after you hear about a study that links burning the aromatic […]
Give the Gift of Luxury
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2640 | What happens at absolute zero?
Space 17 February 2010
New Scientist Default Image
(Image: ESA/NASA)
“It’s perfectly reasonable to expect that when you go to the ultra-cold regime there would be no chemistry to speak of,” says Deborah Jin from the University of Colorado in Boulder, whose team reported the finding in Science (DOI: 10.1126/science.1184121). “This paper says no, there’s a lot of chemistry going on.”
Practically, the work needed to remove heat from a gas increases the colder you get, and an infinite amount of work would be needed to cool something to absolute zero. In quantum terms, you can blame Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which says the more precisely we know a particle’s speed, the less we know about its position, and vice versa. If you know your atoms are inside your experiment, there must be some uncertainty in their momentum keeping them above absolute zero – unless your experiment is the size of the whole universe.
What is the coldest place in the solar system?
The lowest temperature ever measured in the solar system was on the Moon. Last year, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter measured temperatures as low as −240°C in permanently shadowed craters near the lunar south pole. That’s around 10 degrees colder than temperatures measured on Pluto so far. Brrrrrrrrr.
What is the coldest natural object in the universe?
What is the coldest object in space?
If you count artificial satellites, things get chillier still. Some instruments on the European Space Agency’s Planck space observatory, launched in May 2009, are frozen down to 0.1 kelvin, to suppress microwave noise that would otherwise fog the satellite’s vision. The space environment, combined with mechanical and cryogenic refrigeration systems using hydrogen and helium, chill the coldest instruments to 0.1 kelvin in four sequential steps.
What is the lowest temperature ever achieved in the laboratory?
What weird behaviour can gases display near absolute zero?
In everyday solids, liquids and gases, heat or thermal energy arises from the motion of atoms and molecules as they zing around and bounce off each other. But at very low temperatures, the odd rules of quantum mechanics reign. Molecules don’t collide in the conventional sense; instead, their quantum mechanical waves stretch and overlap. When they overlap like this, they sometimes form a so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, in which all the atoms act identically like a single “super-atom”. The first pure Bose-Einstein condensate was created in Colorado in 1995 using a cloud of rubidium atoms cooled to less than 170 nanokelvin.
More on these topics:
Exotic fifth state of matter made on the International Space Station
Exotic fifth state of matter made on the International Space Station
Ions held in place by a laser
Record number of ions get entangled together in a quantum trap |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2672 | How many debts do you have?
Debt #1
Balance #1
Interest rate #1
Payment #1
Debt #2
Balance #2
Interest rate #2
Payment #2
Debt #3
Balance #3
Interest rate #3
Payment #3
Debt #4
Balance #4
Interest rate #4
Payment #4
Avalanche method effect
Total debt
If you turn to the avalanche repayment method, you can save $2,771.2 on interest, and you will pay off your debts 7 years and 9 months earlier than otherwise.
To do so, you need to keep the total monthly payment constant by reallocating the payment amount to the debt with the highest interest rate after paying off one of your debts.
Total current debtTotal debt with avalanche method
Monthly payment ($)varied580
Payoff term9 years and 11 months (119 months)2 years and 2 months (26 months)
Total payable ($)17,281.3914,510.19
Total interest ($)4,281.391,510.19
* For your current debt, without avalanche acceleration, the APR is estimated by the weighted average procedure.
chart of balances
Debt Avalanche Calculator
By Tibor Pal, PhD candidate
Use the debt avalanche calculator to check how much interest you could save if you apply the debt avalanche method to repay your total debt when you are struggling with more than one loan.
Besides, you can follow the avalanche effect on your debt's payment schedules and balances so you will know how to allocate your payments to minimize your interest charges by keeping fixed monthly payments. Also, you can compare your current debt repayment with the debt avalanche method.
Read further, where we'll also explain the difference between debt snowball vs. avalanche.
What is debt avalanche method?
The debt avalanche method is an accelerated debt payoff method which can be applied when multiple outstanding debt balances are waiting to be repaid, and your individual monthly payments are not fixed. It follows a rollover process, which means that when you repay one of the debts, the freed-up payment amount is allocated among the rest of the debts, keeping the total monthly payment constant.
The process always directs the released payment to the debt with the highest interest rate, ensuring the lowest possible finance charges and the fastest repayment of the total debt.
Debt snowball vs avalanche
When it comes to snowball vs. avalanche method, the main difference is that the snowball method prioritizes the debt elimination over a lower interest payment.
Therefore, while the avalanche method provides the lowest interest charges, the snowball method allows you to reduce the number of debts in the fastest way.
How to use the debt avalanche calculator?
Here's a short instruction on how to use this debt avalanche calculator:
1. For the first step, you need to set the number of debts you have. Note that the maximum number of debts our debt avalanche calculator can compute is six, and you must have at least two debts to apply the debt avalanche method.
2. Specify your debt balances with their associated interest rates and monthly payment amounts.
Debt avalanche effect
After these two simple steps, you will immediately see the avalanche effect on your debt. First you'll find the total amount of your debt, then you can learn how much interest you can save and how much faster you can pay off your debt with the debt avalanche method.
In the summary section, you can compare your current debt and your debt with the debt avalanche method.
• APR: we show you the actual APR for both cases, which is the best way to compare debts from the perspective of cost of borrowing.
• Monthly payment: you can see the precise allocation of the monthly payment for each of your debts in the payment schedule table.
• Payoff term: you can learn the remaining time in both scenarios.
• Total payable and Total interest.
In the dynamic chart, you can follow the balances both with and without the debt avalanche method.
Payment schedules
You can check the payment schedules table of your original total debt without the avalanche effect and your debt with the avalanche acceleration. Also, you can learn when and with what amount you should pay off each of your debts to pay off your total debt in the most cost-effective and fastest way.
Tibor Pal, PhD candidate |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2690 | Show Summary Details
Page of
date: 04 December 2020
Abstract and Keywords
According to Aristotle, there is a science (epistêmê) that studies being qua being, and the attributes belonging to it in its own right. This claim, which opens Metaphysics IV 1, is both surprising and unsettling—surprising because Aristotle seems elsewhere to deny the existence of any such science, and unsettling because his denial seems very plausibly grounded. He claims that each science studies a unified genus, but denies that there is a single genus for all beings; claims which evidently conspire against the science. Aristotle announces: “[I]f there is no genus of being and every science requires its own genus, then there is no science of being.” This seems, moreover, to be precisely the conclusion he draws in his Eudemian Ethics, where Aristotle maintains that we should no more look for a general science of being than we should look for a general science of goodness. This article looks at three problems about the science of being qua being: The Possibility Problem, the Extension Problem, and the Intension Problem.
Keywords: Aristotle, Metaphysics, being qua being, science, genus, Possibility Problem, Extension Problem, Intension Problem
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2715 | Classic Hour
Thursday April 30, 2020
Dr Jim Sadler advises Phil on opioids and particular pain meds he’s taking for his back. It comes out that Sadler chops up Norco and snorts. Steve Bosell is doing his standup act at the local church but because he isn’t funny enough is still forced to perform before the kiddies. Steve is also having a hard time dealing with seeing black hockey players.
The BSP Classic Hour is from March 2002.
Bobbie Dooley was inspired by Rosie O’Donnell and is now encouraging her kids to be gay. Her agenda is mainly safe sex.
Episode 1707 of The New Phil Hendrie Podcast
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2721 |
Thursday, March 12, 2020
Insects for the Clean-Up Committee
We have two articles for your perusal. The first one is in the here and now, the second involves fossils. Some critters bring out the urge to draw our shooting irons or maybe find flamethrowers because they are creepy. A good part of that is our cultural conditioning, plus the fact that some things transmit diseases. We are none too fond of finding them in our breakfast cereal, either. However, our Creator had a reason for putting cockroaches on the earth.
Though many people detest them, cockroaches are surprisingly helpful for waste removal and other aspects in ecosystems. They also thwart evolution.
Credit: Wikimedia Commons / Stuart Cunningham (CC by-SA 3.0)
Don't be getting your "Ewww Factor" in high gear. Although there are only about thirty species that bother humans, the other several thousand species go on about their business. Out in the wild, they are found in a variety of colors. It seems that their main purpose is to dispose of various kinds of waste.
For that matter, cockroaches are being farmed in China to take care of kitchen waste, and they are mighty tasty to hogs. Are we missing out? (I'm not ready to try a bacon and cockroach with cheese on rye sandwich, though.) By the way, no, the urban legend is wrong: they would not outlive humans after a nuclear apocalypse. Those of us who trust God know that the world won't end that way. There will be a big bang and global warming, but on his terms (2 Peter 3:12-13). Are you ready? Well, you'd better make sure of where you're going!
I thought the article featured below would be a mite dull, but it turned out to be quite interesting. These critters actually do us, and ecosystems, a great service.
Our first instinct is to recoil at cockroaches because of their “creepy” appearance; their tendency to spread disease and aggravate asthma; and, of course, their propensity to set up shop where we don’t want them. But when we resist our revulsion and learn about these much-maligned insects, we find not malevolent fiends skulking in dark corners, but creatures equipped by God to perform a critical function in our fallen world.
The full article (and the audio version) can be found at "Cockroaches—The Right Creatures for the Job". A similar post can be found at "Insect Sanitation Engineers". Next, fossil problems for evolutionists.
Evolutionary paleontologists get all agitated when they find fossils that they think support evolution, then they spin the stories to try to fool the rest of us. What was found? A fossil cockroach in amber. How is it different? Well, it's still a cockroach with no appreciable changes.
Rafi Letzter from Live Science always finds ways to put an evolutionary spin on things, even when no evolution is evident. “‘Exquisite’ dinosaur-age cockroaches discovered preserved in amber,” he writes. But the roaches entombed in a roach motel made of amber look just like modern roaches, except that they apparently were dark-adapted for living perpetually in caves (as are some today).
You can finish reading this one by clicking on "Fossil Roaches Did Not Evolve", and see other fossils that also are recalcitrant to Darwinism.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2738 | Pragmatic talk live
You know what your brand looks like but what does it sound like?
We all know what most brands look like but in an increasingly screenless world of smart speakers and voice driven experiences, how can your brand stand out? That’s where Audio Branding comes in.
Join Susan and Scot at they discuss Audio Branding with special guest Colleen Fahey (Co-author of Audio Branding & US Managing Director, Sixième Son). We'll be discussing what audio branding is, why you need a sonic brand system, and how you can use your sonic system across all brand touch points.
When: August 26th at 1PM EDT
Watch this episode live here or on any of these platforms:
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2749 | Remember When
Bubble Butt,Tattoo,Athletic,Caucasian,Blonde,Bald Pussy,Outie Pussy,Big Tits,Enhanced,MILF,Blowjob,Pussy Licking,Cowgirl,Doggystyle,Tenants
When Chuck surprises his old friend and step-cousin Jessa Rhodes after one of her open houses, she doesn't even recognize him at first! Both of these buddies have gotten way hotter since the last time they saw each other, but one thing about Jessa hasn't changed: she still doesn't wear any panties! She slides Charlie's thick cock into her wet mouth and between her big tits, then rides him and reminisces about just how much she missed that dick before she makes him shoot all over her huge jugs, just like old times!
Release Date:
June 9, 2017
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2760 | The How & Why of Leaky Gut
I love stumbling upon notes from medical school. There's some good stuff in there! One of my favorite topics, by far, was and is leaky gut.
Leaky gut also known as intestinal hyperpermeability, is when the cells in the intestines are no longer tight and instead have too much space between them.
Intestinal cells are normally held together by a mechanism called tight junctions. Normally tight junctions allow water and small particles to pass through. When tight junctions are no longer tight, too much space allows for large molecules to pass through, which leads to digestive upset and inflammation.
First and foremost, leaky gut is a symptom, not a disease. It can be an underlying problem in a number of illnesses. Here are few reasons why leaky gut can occur:
Stress hormones - yikes, a doozy! Just another example of how the gut and brain are connected. See my previous blog post for more in-depth examples.
Exposure to toxins - this includes bacterial toxins, like shiga toxin, and food toxins, like carageenan and excess alcohol.
Nutritional deficiencies - especially low vitamin A and Zinc can cause increased permeability in the intestines.
Disrupted sleep cycles - hello again gut-brain connection!
Medications - The big 5 are medications that cause increased intestinal permeability are: antibiotics, NSAIDs, birth control pills, steroids, and antacids.
These are the heavy hitters for intestinal hyperpermeability, but there are quite a few more.
If this list is terrifying to you, please don't worry. There are a lot of treatments for leaky gut and for increasing overall gut health! . Stay tuned next week for how to treat a leaky gut. Be well!
#gutbrainconnection #healthygut #leakygut #naturally #naturalhealth #guthealthexpert
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2775 | Basic and useful ruby gems for web development
The framework of Ruby on Rails is a tool extremely powerful in the development of web applications. It has many built-in features such as object-relation mapper and intelligent routing that accelerate web applications development.
Rails is specifically designed to have an easy extension with use of Ruby gems. A huge ecosystem of Ruby gems has been created because of it. These gems can accelerate development process and extend application process by reducing time involved to work on common functionality development.
Devise is the most common gem on Rails. This gem provides authentication solution that is convenience to use for Rails applications allowing registration, login, account locks, forget password, and other features related to account.
There is an importance of knowing the difference between authorization and authentication. Devise is the one helping in the authentication and verification of users while authorization is assures that users are allowed to perform any action or have access to any resource. Pundit is in charge of this whole process and provides simple ways of describing authorization systems just by the use of Ruby classes.
Template systems are everywhere. Rails uses the template system of eRuby by default but it’s something that users typically choose to replace. Slim is considered as a common replacement because it is allowing users to maintain easy reading templates through its syntax while it maintains quick compilation times.
Draper is the gem that allows user to create decorators around their models. This gem makes views cleaner so users are prevented to write helpers. Rather than calling helper along the models procedurally, users define the decorator wrapping the original model and giving the list of extended attributes and methods to objects.
Many application components are often re-used. Basically, partials are in the use of these behavior but users must take control on partial calls and all partial calls having consistent behavior. Cells allow users to take part of controllers and encapsulate those in their own controller. By this, you can mark your own code cleaner and avoid helpers.
URL resources are typically identified by private key, which is also the database ID. But this may result to un-optimized URLs of web pages which aren’t that user-friendly. FriendlyId can instantly transform URLs to a friendlier, easy to memorize URLs so there will be no code changes on the application.
Simple Form
Forms are the core of very web application. User interactions are usually done using web forms. Simple Form simplifies simple and repetitive tasks. It implements simple to use DSL in creating forms. Users spend lesser time on writing HTML for forms and have more time for the heart of the application’s business logic.
It’s also hard to deal with file attachments because they involve relevant work and time to implement them in a secure manner. Paperclip takes charge of this process on Rails applications and extends time for thumbnails.
This gem is the most popular having 5M downloads. This enables users to paginate from ActiveRecord relations to simple arrays using simple APIs fully agnistic to any template or ORM engine.
This gem is the most popular in background processing tools. It has simple API and scale even better than some background processors.
Our Ruby on Rails developers here at RailsCarma don’t just create applications but they create phenomenon. Making use of the futuristic techniques, they deliver brilliant applications, design beautiful and engaging UI/UX, develop clear front ends, build scalable applications & manage them on Cloud. In short, our Ruby on Rails developers – “Give Life to Your Ideas”. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2792 | 2011, Weekly photography 41
, par Hervé BERNARD dit RVB
Recycler ? (c) photographie Hervé Bernard 2011
Lately many publications are disputing about the human origin of the climate change.
I don’t know if this is due to the industrious man or not but I am sure of one thing : the house is dirty as it is shown by the plastic seas on each of the ocean and revealed by the number of fishes and birds who are dieing of a stomach full of plastic, by the algae unbridled growth on the french Brittany coast. As it is also shown by the many floods ultimate product of concreting thousand of hectare which are no more able to absorb the water...
All this trends are, without any negotiations, consequences of Human being.
La suite
Abstract of images about environment
sun rising
atmospheric pollution |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2808 | Non classé
Edgar Grospiron & Christophe Trémoulinas Conference on March 21 at the Microsoft France Campus
Edgar Grospiron and Christophe Trémoulinas will present the conference: “Gamification, incentives … How to boost your sales teams? “For Marketing for Business at Campus Microsoft France, March 21 from 17:00 to 17:45
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2812 | Beta Build
A Beta build is a testing build of a product that has minor bugs or issues still to be corrected before a product’s final release but does not contain any major bugs that still need to be addressed such as in the preceding alpha build. Typically a Beta build will be refined until the final product is polished and ready to be released to users in a release candidate.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2878 | Event https://www.shopjomama.com/browse/tag/134/event en Intro to fold forming @ Maker's Square https://www.shopjomama.com/event/intro-fold-forming-makers-square <div class="field field-type-datetime field-field-event-datetime"> <div class="field-label">Event Date and Time: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <span class="date-display-single">Tue, 01/28/2014 - 7:00pm</span> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p><img alt="" src="https://www.shopjomama.com/sites/shopjomama.indiemade.com/files/images/fold form images 72res.jpg" style="width: 800px; height: 618px;" /></p> <p>Intro to fold forming class - in this class you will learn to heat and manipulate sheet metal using a torch and other tools, make and set rivets; and mount a stone or other object creating a cuff that is unique to you. We will also discuss adding patina to your work.<br /> Students may bring stones or other objects to personalize cuff.</p> <p>Class $35, materials $10</p><p><a href="https://www.shopjomama.com/event/intro-fold-forming-makers-square" target="_blank">read more</a></p> education fold forming jewelry classes in Fort Lauderdale Makers Square South Florida jewelry classes Wed, 15 Jan 2014 15:15:34 +0000 Jomama 145 at https://www.shopjomama.com |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2901 | “This history is written in
other than ordinary characters,
and in Gnosis, in Theosophy,
is called 'The Akashic Record.'”
— Rudolf Steiner [1]
“[O]ne of the things that we cultivate
...is occultism ...
Occult mean 'hidden' or 'mysterious.'”
— Rudolf Steiner [2]
Faith, “Knowledge,”
and Anthroposophy
Religions require faith of their followers. Usually, this requirement is very nearly absolute. You may have doubts; you may wrestle with your conscience; you may pass through dark nights of the soul. But, ultimately, you must have faith. The truths of the creed are beyond ordinary comprehension; they are sacred. So have faith, commit yourself, and follow the prescribed rituals.
A few religions, however, make a gesture toward emphasizing knowledge rather than faith. Broadly speaking, we can call these religions “gnostic” — they hold that humanity can receive the blessings of the gods only by acquiring the necessary knowledge of spiritual matters. This knowledge is often said to hidden, hard to find, occult — but nonetheless crucial. It is “gnosis,” from the Greek, meaning secret knowledge.
Despite laying claim to knowledge, gnostic religions depend on faith just as much as all other religions, since the secret knowledge they affirm is almost certainly delusory. Have I said this too strongly? If so, I’ll modify my statement slightly. Gnostic “knowledge” is surely well hidden. “Discovering” it often entails mystic rituals, fasts, and efforts to cultivate extraordinary powers such as clairvoyance. Sometimes, for understandable reasons, alcohol or “holy” drugs such a peyote are involved; or, if the faithful do not turn to chemical aids, they nonetheless drug themselves by relying on dreams, visions, mystical signs, astrological "readings," devotional ceremonies, forms of enchantment, magic, superstition, and the like. What is “learned” through such practices cannot be confirmed by anyone who does not enter similar states of altered consciousness (intuition, inspiration, clairvoyance...), in which case their own reports will be fully as untrustworthy as the reports they hope to confirm. When they aren't sworn to secrecy (which they often are), initiates may attempt to describe their subjective experiences to the uninitiated, but such experiences may be explained — and dismissed — as products of the subconscious.
Subjective experiences may be extremely powerful, of course. You may be convinced by the felt power of your inner life. But such conviction is often built on little more than the emotional will to believe. No one other than yourself can know what you "know" inwardly, and even you may not truly "know" the things you think your inner experiences prove. Inner experiences — subjective, emotional, dreamlike, intuitive — are notoriously unreliable. We deceive ourselves all the time. (We do this unintentionally, often; but sometimes an unacknowledged intention, an ardent yearning, guides our self-deception.) Recognizing self-deception and weaning ourselves from it is the key requirement for rationality and even sanity. But it is a hard process, never fully completed. Each time we see through one of our illusions, we must set to work trying to see through the next. [For more on these matters, see, e.g.,"Inside Scoop", "Fooling (Ourselves)", and "Why? Oh Why?".] Unlike real-world knowledge, gnostic or mystic “knowledge” is not genuinely confirmed but merely asserted. Deciding whether to accept such "knowledge" becomes, in the end, an almost arbitrary act of volition. You either believe or you don't. You either have the faith or you don't. For that's what it comes down to: faith.
Rudolf Steiner’s religion, Anthroposophy, is gnostic. The “knowledge” it professes is largely esoteric or occult; true comprehension can be had only through a process of initiation. The tool initiates of this religion use for their spiritual investigations is “spiritual science,” i.e., the enactment of Anthroposophical investigatory procedures. [See, e.g., "Steiner's 'Science'" and "Knowing the Worlds".] In reality, “spiritual science” does not work — it depends on clairvoyance, which does not exist. [See "Clairvoyance".] In reality, “spiritual science” is a religion, not a science; it is a faith in which the adherents cling to specified doctrines in the hope of receiving spiritual benefits. [3]
I will return to the subject of initiation later. But let’s proceed by examining the Anthroposophical "knowledge" that we, the uninitiated, are permitted to hear about; then we can circle back to consider the process that, supposedly, can unlock deeper mysteries. To start, we need to make a distinction. In the 2nd Century A.D., in Greece, a particular form of Christian gnosticism arose. Having roots in pre-Christian paganism, this system of thought held that the true meaning of Christ’s teachings and virtually all other spiritual doctrines lies hidden behind their apparent meaning. This Gnosticism (capital G — distinguishing it from small-g, general gnosticism) was vigorously opposed by orthodox believers at the time, and mainstream Christianity soon rejected it as heresy. In fact, the canon and creed of the Church were formulated largely in reaction to Gnosticism. [4]
Steiner was well acquainted with Gnostic doctrines, and although he tried to distance himself from those doctrines, his own teachings bear striking parallels to them.
The following quotation is even more obscure than most Steiner statements, so before we plunge into it I’ll offer an explanation and paraphrase. As always, Steiner insisted that real religion and the concept of evolution are compatible, as long as evolution is conceived as he himself described it — a spiritual process leading humanity up from the dullest imaginable consciousness up to extremely advanced forms of consciousness, culminating in divine consciousness. He claimed that the ancient Gnostics understood this, although not as clearly as he.
The Gnostics of Greece said that “world-evolution” began when a “primordial Being” — a god — created the world. That god was the Demiurge or “Demiurgos.” [5] According to Steiner, to understand the Demiurgos, we need a higher form of consciousness than is required to understand the Bible. He said that the Demiurgos, the Creator, should not be confused with the God of the Bible, Jehovah. The Demiurgos stands at the summit of a hierarchy of gods, ranks upon ranks of gods, with Jehovah occupying a fairly low rank. Steiner effectively equated the Creator Demiurgos with the amorphous Godhead, which may be conceived as the highest form of divinity, dwelling in the Crystal Heaven, so far off as to be almost uninvolved in our region of the universe. [6]
The "gods" who are ranked below the Demiurgos were known to the Greeks as Aeons, according to Steiner. Jehovah, a lowly Aeon, did not create the universe but he did create mankind on the physical level: Jehovah united with physical matter, allowing physical human beings to come into existence. Later, a higher Aeon was needed to redeem Jehovah’s creation in this gross physical realm. This higher Aeon (in Anthroposophy, He is the Sun God: Christ) manifested itself in Jesus of Nazareth, giving a new spiritual direction that offset the ancient shortcomings of Jehovah. [7]
Are you having trouble distinguishing Anthroposophical doctrines from Gnostic teachings? That’s because they are in fact quite similar (as long as we accept Steiner's account of Gnosticism). Here is the quotation I have been discussing:
“Those men in Greece who meditated upon the earliest stages of world-evolution spoke of a primordial Being for the understanding of whose nature a much more highly spiritual mode of knowledge is required than for an understanding of the events described in the Old Testament. These men spoke of the Being whom they held to be the actual Creator of the world — the Demiurgos. [paragraph break] The Demiurgos was a Being dwelling in spheres of lofty spirituality, in a world devoid of every element of that material existence with which in the Bible story the humanity created by Jehovah is naturally associated. We must therefore think of the Demiurgos as a sublime Being, as the Creator of the world who sends forth other Beings from Himself. The Beings sent forth by the Demiurgos were ranked in successive stages, each stage being lower than the last ... In Greece they were known as Aeons — of the first rank, the second rank and so on. The Aeons were Beings who had issued from the Demiurgos. Among these Aeons, Jahve or Jehovah was a Being of a relatively subordinate rank. And this brings us to a consideration of the teachings of the Gnostics, as they were called, in the early centuries of Christendom. It was said that Jehovah united with matter and that from this union man came into existence ... According to this Gnostic conception, therefore, Jehovah was a somewhat lower descendant of the more lofty Aeons who had proceeded from the Demiurgos, and as the outcome of Jehovah's union with matter, man was created ... The Gnostic teaching was that in the man Jesus there had dwelt a Being [Christ] belonging to the ranks of the Aeons, a Being of a far more highly spiritual order than Jahve or Jehovah.” [8]
The picture Steiner attributed to the Gnostics is essentially the view he himself adopted: God or the Godhead is within us but He also dwells far from us, removed in both spiritual space and time; ranks of gods descend from the Godhead; Jehovah is a relatively low god; Jesus was a man in whom a high god manifested itself. This is Anthroposophical doctrine, traceable to Gnosticism among other sources.
According to the Gnostics (according to Steiner), Christ is a god or spirit arising from the pure essence of the Aeons:
“Far, far away in the world of the Aeons — so thought the Gnosis [sic] — the pure spirituality of the Aeons engenders what the Gnostics called the Son of the Father-God....” [9]
Steiner’s specific version of this belief (or “knowledge”) is that Christ, the Sun God, came to Earth in the body of Jesus of Nazareth.
“Had Christ not appeared on the earth, had He remained the Sun-God only, humanity on the earth would have fallen into decay. Increasingly men would have come to believe that material things alone exist, that the sun and the stars are only material bodies. People had forgotten altogether that they themselves had descended from a pre-earthly existence, from the spirit-world of the stars ... You will say: 'Yes, but there are many who do not want to know anything of Christ, who do not believe in Him ... In the future, though, knowledge will become a much more decisive factor for mankind than hitherto. The evolution of mankind will render it increasingly necessary for all human beings to acquire some knowledge of the spirit and of spiritual life. Such a knowledge, that will lead all mankind into the world of spirit, is the aim of anthroposophical spiritual science.” [10]
Note that Steiner said that belief is not enough for mankind’s evolutionary needs. Mankind needs knowledge in order to evolve properly; knowledge is “a necessity.” This is his version of gnosticism, pinning our hope of salvation not on faith or good works but on occult knowledge. [See "Occultism".] As in most religions, the doctrines of Steiner's newly created religion promise rewards for adherents and punishments for the wayward. Those who acquire the “knowledge” offered by Anthroposophy will move upward toward sublime spiritual elevation. Those who do not gain this knowledge — those who fail to follow Christ properly — will descend to lower evolutionary ranks, they will be left behind. In stressing these ideas, Steiner erased the distinction between his “science” and religion. The “knowledge” offered by Anthroposophy is religious doctrine, required for salvation. [11]
The parallels between Anthroposophy and capital-G Gnosticism are suggestive, but Steiner denied that he sought to revive any ancient form of gnostic (esoteric, occult) belief, and we can accept this denial. Anthroposophy is gnostic not because it conforms to ancient Christian Gnosticism or any other ancient esoteric creed, but because it seeks hidden spiritual knowledge as the key to salvation. In other words, it seeks “knowledge” not for knowledge’s sake, as a science would; it seeks “knowledge” for the sake of our souls, as a religion.
Steiner said that some forms of gnosticism predate Christ.
“It was a wonderful and living knowledge, in which man knew that he could share if he unfolded his inner being in purity and thus enabled the Divine content to manifest itself through him. From the fourth to the first millennium before the Mystery of Golgotha [i.e., centuries before Christ's Crucifixion], this Gnosis lived in those portions of humanity which were most advanced in knowledge.” [12]
We can see, here, that Steiner did not confine the concept of gnosis to the Christian era or to the particular Gnostic period in the 2nd Century A.D. For him, “Gnosis” (gnosis) sometimes served as a synonym for deep spiritual Truth, which is what he claimed to offer the modern world through Anthroposophy. Some forms of gnosis existed before the advent of Gnosis, and a still higher form of gnosis exists now, thanks to R. Steiner. Each form of esoteric truth has been appropriate for the age in which it appeared. Before the “Mystery of Golgotha” (the miraculous victory of Christ, symbolized by Calvary or Golgotha), certain gnostic information was possessed by the wisest humans. After the Crucifixion, a new form of gnosticism became appropriate. And in the modern world, a still newer form is available — Anthroposophy. (To follow the next quotation, you need to know that the “sentient soul” preceded the “mind-soul,” which is associated with intellect. [See "What We're Made Of".] These are progressive levels of human soul development. The “spiritual soul” is a yet higher level.)
“Anthroposophy strives for this new understanding, which...cannot be a renewal of the Gnosis. For the content of the Gnosis was the way of knowledge of the Sentient Soul, while Anthroposophy — in a completely new way — must draw forth a content no less rich from the Spiritual Soul.” [13]
According to Steiner, humans constantly evolve — either upward (good humans) or downward (bad humans). [14] Good humans today require a higher form of esoteric knowledge than ancient humans needed. The role of Anthroposophy is thus not to reconstitute old knowledge but to advance to higher forms of esoteric knowledge: Anthroposophy offers the new gnosis.
Although he denied that he wanted to revive ancient Gnosticism, Steiner’s attitude toward that body of strange teachings was extremely protective. Consider the following. Referring to the 2nd Century, Steiner said:
“[T]here existed a wisdom of which people often speak nowadays in a way that is almost blasphemous, but of which they are scarcely able to form any true idea. There existed something which up to this day has been completely exterminated from human evolution, rooted out by certain currents running counter to the deeper Christian revelation: this was the Gnosis, a wisdom into which had flowed much of the ancient knowledge revealed to men in atavistic clairvoyance [i.e., the clairvoyance all humans once possessed]. Every trace of the Gnosis, whether in script or oral tradition, was exterminated root and branch by the dogmatic Christianity of the West [i.e., the teachings of the organized Christian church].” [15]
Attacking Gnosis “is almost blasphemous.” Gnosis presented “the deeper Christian revelation.” It was “revealed to men in atavistic clairvoyance.” Gnosis, in other words, was the truth. Ancient Gnosis no longer suffices for modern humans, yet it was the truth. What modern humans need is the successor to ancient Gnosis: Anthroposophy, which presents “the deeper Christian revelation” as revealed to Steiner through his new and improved clairvoyance. Anthroposophy is spiritual truth extended and heightened for humanity at its latest level of evolution.
Here is a related point, of special importance to Christians. Steiner was no fan of “the dogmatic Christianity of the West.” Anthroposophy varies from orthodox Christian dogma far more than it varies from ancient Gnosticism. Steiner’s teachings may seem, at first blush, only slightly different from church teachings; but they veer far afield. According to Steiner, Christ is the Logos, the Living Word of God. Many Christians would agree, at least initially. But look where Steiner goes with this teaching.
“When the Intellectual or Mind-Soul was unfolded, it was through the reality alone that man could continue to be preserved from being severed from the Divine-Spiritual Beings who belonged to him. The Divine had to enter inwardly as Being, even in the earthly life, into the Organization of the Intellectual or Mind-Soul ... This took place through the Divine-Spiritual Logos, Christ, uniting His cosmic destiny with the Earth....” [16]
Steiner denied the literal truth of the Bible, and he also diverged from sophisticated orthodox interpretations of the Bible. His "Christianity" is enmeshed in concepts that are wholly absent from mainstream Christianity. From an Anthroposophical perspective, Logos (from the Greek, meaning “word”) is closely related to Gnosis, “the deeper Christian revelation.” The meaning of the Word is not what can be found in the Bible; it is the hidden spiritual knowledge that we must attain through the mysterious, clairvoyant processes of Anthroposophy. Remember that according to Steiner, Christ is the Sun-God. And notice how Steiner said that Christ united “His cosmic destiny with the Earth.” What can this mean? Steiner’s doctrines includes karma (destiny) and reincarnation. Even Christ (identified as the pagan Sun God) falls under these doctrines, as seen in Anthroposophy. Steiner's teachings take us far from the Bible and mainstream Christian beliefs.
Let’s examine the central concern of Christianity, humanity’s salvation through Christ the Lord. Steiner rarely spoke of “salvation” as the particular objective of his teachings. He spoke, instead, of evolution. Nonetheless, salvation of a sort (supreme spiritual evolution) is the goal, and Steiner claimed that Anthroposophy is the vehicle that can get us there. At the current stage of our evolution, Steiner taught, Anthroposophy works under the guidance of the Archangel Michael, who now has special responsibilities for shepherding mankind. [17] Ultimately, traveling in the direction Michael establishes for us, we will gain salvation.
“Michael is the Power who leads man towards the Christ along the true way of man's salvation.” [18]
But, according to Steiner, we won’t be saved by Christ. Instead, we will evolve “toward” Christ, fulfilling a divine evolutionary process of karmic destiny that began "on" Saturn. [See "Planets".] In the distant future, our journey toward Christ will take us to Vulcan and then beyond:
“These are the seven stages of evolution of our [solar] system: Saturn, Sun, Moon, Earth, Jupiter, Venus and Vulcan. In the Vulcan development [i.e., during the Vulcan stage], all those Beings [i.e., humans and others] who have evolved out of the small beginnings of the Saturn existence, will be spiritualised in the highest degree....” [19]
Steiner’s version of Christianity consists of precisely this sort of hidden spiritual "knowledge": gnosis, indeed.
Steiner held that the deepest truths about spiritual matters are, for the most part, hidden. And he said that much of the knowledge about such hidden truths must, itself, remain hidden from the general public. Yet in his books and lectures he claimed to reveal broad swaths of previously hidden spiritual knowledge. How can we explain this apparent contradiction?
The answer involves the concept of initiation. As portrayed by Steiner, a spiritual initiate is one who has passed certain occult tests in order to qualify for access to the “mysteries” (spiritual knowledge too deep and dark for ordinary understanding). When meeting in private with his most devoted followers — generally self-identified initiates — Steiner professed to speak openly about the greatest, most mysterious spiritual insights. But when addressing the general public, Steiner professed to be far more guarded. He said that modern humanity needs the "wisdom" embodied in his teachings, Anthroposophy. But most people, being uninitiated, are not equipped to comprehend or benefit from the deeper truths he possessed. So when communicating with the uninitiated — the likes of you and me — Steiner withheld knowledge that he indicated we should not have. For instance, in his magnum opus, OCCULT SCIENCE - AN OUTLINE — a book sold freely to one and all — Steiner refused to disclose what life on Vulcan will be like.
“[E]volved humanity [will go] forward into Vulcan evolution, any description of which would be beyond the compass of this book.” [20]
And note the title of the book. Steiner was prepared to publicly divulge the outline of occult revelation, but only the outline. In his public lectures, Steiner professed to be similarly circumspect (although one some occasions he was more open than on others) — he revealed a lot, but he tantalizingly claimed to withhold a lot.
Most gnostic or occult religions require initiation — they guard their secrets from outsiders. Even discussion with outsiders is often barred. Many of Steiner’s books carry this prefatory statement:
Only initiates, in other words, need apply. Only initiates can truly understand Steiner's teachings, and only they are equipped to form opinions of Steiner's teachings.
Anthroposophical texts are freighted with references to “mystery knowledge,” “esoteric knowledge,” and the like. For instance, discussing a circle of initiates in the past, Steiner indicated,
“We really have to use spiritual science if we want to consider the activity of a widespread association of human beings in post-primeval times ... Such an association developed and adopted the mystery knowledge ... Thus there was a time in earthly history when the rightful representatives of mystery knowledge were totally involved in guiding the transition from the divine knowledge of the ancients to human and earthly knowledge." [22]
This is a reasonably good description of Anthroposophy itself: an activity that attempts to make divine knowledge available to humanity. But the precondition of initiation must be met before the deepest knowledge may be revealed. Steiner describes initiation in KNOWLEDGE OF THE HIGHER WORLDS AND ITS ATTAINMENT [23] and also in OCCULT SCIENCE - AN OUTLINE. [24] Let’s consider what he says in the latter book, in the chapter titled “Knowledge of the Higher Worlds (Concerning Initiation)”.
Anthroposophical initiation is a process of preparing one’s soul, mind, and heart to receive “supersensible” knowledge — that is, knowledge than cannot be attained by using our ordinary senses. Clairvoyance is required. And although clairvoyance presumably permits objective, "scientific" explorations of the higher worlds, a religious attitude is required: You must be reverent. Criticism and opposition (i.e., rational analysis) are out. Stipulating the need for “reverent devotion” Steiner says:
“One who cultivates this feeling or who has always possessed it as a kind of gift of Nature, has a good foundation upon which to build the faculties of supersensible cognition [i.e., clairvoyance] ... [W]hoever in later life, in years of riper judgment, gazes up at the starry heavens, filled with wonder and boundless devotion at the revelation he there divines of sublime spiritual powers, will be well on the way to grow ripe for knowledge of supersensible worlds ... Indeed only where such reverence is present, is it possible to come within sight of the higher worlds. A man who is incapable of reverence will not progress very far on the path of knowledge ... [T]he real nature of things will ever remain a closed book.” [25]
To seek “knowledge,” you must begin with a religious attitude toward what you will learn. Instead of beginning with a neutral, objective, scientific frame of mind, wondering whether higher worlds exist, you have to presuppose the existence of such worlds and vest them with holiness. If you have not been born with a "feeling" of reverence, you have to "cultivate" it. You should be filled with "boundless devotion at the revelation" of what you "divine" about "sublime spiritual powers." In other words, you can be initiated only if you begin by accepting "truths" that can only be confirmed at the end of your initiation. Indeed, there will be no real confirmation, only an endless reaffirmation of your original "feeling." (A skeptic would argue that his undermines the entire enterprise; you don't actually learn much, you simply make some presuppositions and then you require yourself to believe them.)
It is necessary to set aside rationality, by and large; the path to wisdom comes not through the brain, chiefly, but through the heart, as it were. To become initiated, Steiner taught, you should devote yourself to certain mental and spiritual exercises that will "cultivate" the required "feeling." [26] Progress toward that goal is arduous, and it must be undertaken even in the face of powers that might block the path. (I'll present the following opaque quotation without interruption; then I'll offer some explanations.)
“When the pupil has got so far as to have an experience of Intuition, then in addition to having knowledge of the pictures that belong to the world of soul and spirit, and being able to read from the Hidden Script how these pictures are interrelated, he also comes to know the Beings through whose co-operation the world to which man belongs has been called into existence. Then too he learns to know himself in his own archetypal form as a soul-and-spirit being in the world of soul and spirit. He has wrestled his way through to a perception of his Higher Self, and now sees clearly what he has still to achieve in order to gain control over his Double, the ‘Guardian of the Threshold’ who stands there before him ... This ‘Greater Guardian of the Threshold’ now becomes for him the Ideal, the Example that he will do his utmost to follow ... [N]ow this Greater Guardian changes for the eyes of the pupil into the figure of Christ ... Through this experience the pupil is initiated into the sublime Mystery that is connected with the name of Christ. Christ shows himself to him as the great human Prototype and Example, united with the Earth's true evolution.” [27]
There’s a lot to chew on in this passage.
“Intuition” is one of three forms of knowledge championed by Steiner: imagination, inspiration, and intuition. These are precursors to, or versions of, clairvoyance. Of the three, intuition is highest.
These forms of cognition produce pictures or imaginations, i.e., true, clairvoyant images of spiritual realities: "pictures that belong to the world of soul and spirit."
The “Hidden Script” is the Akashic Record, a secret storehouse of knowledge written on a universal ether. Accessible through clairvoyance, it contains explanations of the spiritual pictures.
The Beings above and around us are the gods who, without being precisely the creators of the universe, nonetheless cooperated to bring our world — that is, the solar system in which we dwell during our physical incarnations — into existence.
Each real human being has both a soul and a spirit (the latter is higher than the former), which give access to the soul world and the spirit world, although here Steiner treats these two worlds as one.
Our Higher Self is our true spiritual form and identity, unknown to most humans who are blinded by materialism. Archetypally, we are beings of spirit, not of physical substance.
The Double or Guardian of the Threshold is our “evil” or obstructive twin, our lower nature, which blocks our path into the spirit realm. When we overcome this barrier, the "evil" evaporates and the Guardian reveals himself to be Christ, who becomes our guide. Christ is not our Savior, per se, but our role model: our Prototype or Example.
Christ became united with the Earth's true evolution when he left the Sun, came to Earth, and was Crucified, shedding his blood into the Earth.
The sublime Mystery to which the pupil is initiated is the Mystery of Golgotha, the occult meaning of Christ's Crucifixion. [28]
All of this, as you can see, hinges on “mystery”, “hidden” knowledge, and “initiation." These are Steiner’s words. Anthroposophy is the process that supposedly enables “pupils” or aspirants to penetrate the mysteries, gain the hidden knowledge, and attain initiation.
But, you may wonder, how can I explain these matters when I am not an initiate? There's no real mystery about it. As I suggested previously, Steiner was torn between revealing his doctrines and concealing them; between being celebrated for his great "wisdom" and being honored for preserving mystical "secrets." In the process, he revealed much — if not, presumably, everything. By enduring the mental travail of plowing through Steiner's books and lectures, any reasonably intelligent person can grasp the main points of Steiner's teachings. This is, in a sense, its own form of initiation — although, as Steiner stressed, "true" initiation requires submission, not critical analysis. If you try hard enough, with sufficient reverence and imagination, you may convince yourself to "see" the things Steiner claimed to "see." On the other hand, even if you withhold your credence, you can still understand what Steiner was driving at.
Human history, as described by Steiner, has been a tug-of-war between the truths of gnosticism and the fallacies of other, lesser bodies of knowledge. The following quotation is from HOW CAN MANKIND FIND THE CHRIST AGAIN? by R. Steiner.
“These two things, you see, were engaged in a struggle: the gnostic teaching, wishing to comprehend the Mystery of Golgotha through powerful spiritual thinking; and the other teaching, that reckoned with [i.e., used or accommodated] what was to come, when thought would no longer have power, when it would lack the penetration needed to understand the Mystery of Golgotha....” [29]
One form of thinking — the gnostic form — leads to Truth; the other leads to blindness, lack of penetration, obtuseness. The latter form has prevailed, for mankind at large, but not for Steiner and his band.
We can find Christ (the Sun God, not our Redeemer precisely but an excellent Example) by “acquiring” Anthroposophy.
We must come again to a kind of knowledge that relates to the supersensible. To that end we must understand the supersensible force working into the being of man, so that we may be able to extend it to the cosmos. We must acquire Anthroposophy, knowledge of the human being, which will be able to engender cosmic feeling again. That is the way.” [30]
Acquiring Anthroposophy — which is a matter not just of rational knowledge but of "feeling" — is essential, and we need to do it during our life on Earth:
“[W]hat a man can acquire during an incarnation on Earth he can acquire in no single one of the other worlds ... [W]e realise again and again what nonsense it is to believe that we can wait until death to establish connection with the supersensible world. For how this connection is established after death depends upon the inner tendencies of soul acquired here on Earth ... [Similarly] the belief might arise that it is not necessary to cultivate Anthroposophy on Earth ... [But] the human being, with his whole soul, has been prepared to contact on Earth the kind of anthroposophical life that is possible only while he is incarnated in a physical body. Men are predestined for this and if they fail they will be unable to establish relationship with any of the spiritual Beings who might have been their teachers ... We need not, however, be dejected by the fact that many individuals reject Anthroposophy and it is therefore to be assumed that they will not be able to acquire it between death and the new birth. We need not despair about them for they will be born in a new earthly life and by that time there will be a strong enough stimulus towards Anthroposophy and enough Anthroposophy on the Earth for them to acquire it. In the present age despondency is still out of place, but that should not lead anyone to say: I can acquire Anthroposophy in my next life and so can do without it now. No, what has been neglected here cannot be retrieved later on.” [31]
The triumph of Anthroposophy is nigh unto inevitable. Nevertheless, you would be well advised to embrace Anthroposophy now rather than waiting for your next Earthly incarnation. Anthroposophy is the true way — without it, you will not know the higher worlds, you will not receive the blessings of the gods who wish to be your teachers.
Receiving the divine blessings requires following Christ. This, in turn, requires following Anthroposophy. "We must acquire Anthroposophy, knowledge of the human being, which will be able to engender cosmic feeling again. That is the way.” Hallelujah.
A while after writing the essay above, I wrote the following for a different forum.
Although it covers some of the ground we've already been over, I'll append it here.
You may find some interesting, supplementary material in it.
Gnosis is hidden, esoteric knowledge; gnosticism is the study or possession of such knowledge. A useful synonym for gnosis, one Steiner often used, is “mystery knowledge.” In theology, a “mystery” is a secret rite or the secret knowledge underlying that rite. In orthodox Christianity, the eucharist is deemed a mystery: Bread and wine are miraculously transformed into the flesh and blood of Christ. Steiner spoke of other Christian mysteries, predominantly the “Mystery of Golgotha” — that is, the hidden meaning of Christ’s Earthly mission, culminating in his Crucifixion. In orthodox Christianity, the meaning of the Crucifixion is not mysterious: It is the central tenet of Christian faith, that Christ died for our sins in order to redeem them and save us. Steiner offers a very different take on Christ and His death.
In emphasizing “mysteries,” Steiner created a modern form of gnosticism. He denied this, sometimes, and in a limited, literal sense he was correct: Gnosticism (capital G) was a movement of the second century AD, and Anthroposophy does not literally endorse the doctrines of that movement. But at a deeper level, Steiner’s denial is false. Steiner said that Gnosticism was essentially true and Anthroposophy is true — i.e., the latter derives from the former; Anthroposophy reformulates mystery teachings in the form appropriate to our more advanced stage of evolution. Criticizing Gnosticism is tantamount to blasphemy, Steiner said, and rejecting Anthroposophy would be a similarly grave error. Anthroposophy holds the “deeper Christian revelation” — the mystery knowledge that is denied to the uninitiated. Like the Gnostics and, later, the Rosicrucians, Anthroposophists possess deep mystery knowledge that can be revealed only to the initiated. But in various ways, Steiner let the cat out of the bag, at least part way.
“At the time when Christ was about to enter the evolution of humanity, it was possible, through faculties that were a heritage from the days of the old clairvoyant wisdom, to form certain conceptions of the sublimity of the Christ Being. And at that time there existed a wisdom of which people often speak nowadays in a way that is almost blasphemous, but of which they are scarcely able to form any true idea. There existed something which up to this day has been completely exterminated from human evolution, rooted out by certain currents running counter to the deeper Christian revelation: this was the Gnosis, a wisdom into which had flowed much of the ancient knowledge revealed to men in atavistic clairvoyance. Every trace of the Gnosis, whether in script or oral tradition, was exterminated root and branch by the dogmatic Christianity of the West — after this Gnosis had striven to find an answer to the question: Who is the Christ?
“There can be no question to-day of reverting to the Gnosis — for the Gnosis belongs to an age that is past and over. True, its extermination was caused by malice, ignorance, enmity towards knowledge and wisdom ... [sic] but for all that it happened out of an underlying necessity. When anthroposophical spiritual science is accused of wanting to revive the ancient Gnosis, that is only one of the many expressions of ill-will directed towards it to-day. The accusation is, of course, made by people whose ignorance of the Gnosis is on a par with their ignorance of Anthroposophy. There is no question of reviving the Gnosis, but of recognising it as something great and mighty, something that endeavoured, in the time now lying nineteen hundred years behind us, to give an answer to the question: Who is the Christ?
“Before the inner eye of the Gnostic lay a glorious vista of spiritual worlds, with the Hierarchies ranged in their order, one above the other. [Note that this is the vision of Anthroposophy as well.] How the Christ had descended through the worlds of the spiritual Hierarchies to enter into the sheaths [i.e., bodies or components] of a mortal man — all this stood before the soul of the Gnostic. And he tried to envisage how the Christ had come from heights of spirit, how He had been conceived on earth. The best way to get some idea of the knowledge then existing is to reflect that everything produced by the world after the extermination of the Gnosis was paltry in comparison with the grandeur of the Gnostic idea of the Christ. The Mystery-wisdom behind the Gospels is infinitely great — greater by far than anything which later theology has been able to discover from them. To realise how paltry and insignificant compared with the Gnosis is the current conception of the Christ Being, we have but to steep ourselves in the ancient Gnostic idea of Him. Picturing this, one is filled with humility by the grandeur of the conception of the Christ Being entering into a human body from cosmic heights, from far distant cosmic worlds. [Note that this is different from saying that Christ came from Heaven or was sent by God.]
“This majestic, sublime concept of Christ has fallen into the background, but all the dogmatic definitions handed down to us as Arian [a heresy teaching that Christ was not an immortal god] or Athanasian [generally speaking, orthodox Christian] principles of faith are meagre in comparison with the Gnostic conception, in which vision of the Christ Being was combined with wisdom relating to the universe. Only the merest fragments of this great Gnostic conception of Christ have survived.” [32]
What is the “current conception of the Christ Being,” the conception that Steiner disparages? It is what the churches preach: that Christ is the Son of God, and He is our Savior. These concepts are only partially correct, Steiner said. Who is the Christ, really? According to Steiner, He is the Sun God, our Prototype who came to Earth in order to advance our evolution.
“We, of course, recognise in the Christ a cosmic, super-earthly Being, a Being Who descended from spiritual worlds in order, through His birth in a physical man, to impart meaning to earth-evolution.” [33]
The “meaning” of our evolution, like the “meaning” of Christ’s mission, is hidden from all but the initiated.
According to Steiner, the real Christian message was destroyed by the Catholic Church, headquartered in southern Europe. Northern Europeans also lost true, gnostic understanding of Christ, because they focused on Jesus the man instead of Christ the god; but the northern vision of Christ had greater heartfelt truth than the corrupt Roman vision. Also, the northern vision (informed by Norse myths) came closer to the hidden truths of our existence:
“[W]e find lighting up in the Gnosis a sublime conception of the Christ which died away as Christianity passed through the Roman system ... [O]n the other hand, when Christianity encountered the peoples from the North, the concept of Jesus [i.e., the man in whom Christ incarnated] came to the fore ... Just as in the South the concept of Christ was inadequate, so in the North was man's feeling for Jesus [inadequate]. But for all that it was a feeling that stirred the very depths of the human heart.
“...The experiences underlying the Northern Mysteries were more intimately and directly connected with the existence of the stars, with nature, with earthly fertility ... [T]he Mystery-truths are great and potent impulses in the evolution of mankind ... [W]hat linked the Northern Mysteries with the whole evolution of the universe, arose from the earth, just as the Gnostic wisdom, inspired from the cosmos, was connected with happenings in the far distances of the universe. How the secret of man, linked as it is with all the secrets of the cosmos, comes into operation when a human being enters physical existence on the earth — it was this that, with greater depth than anywhere else at a certain period of earth-evolution, lay at the root of these ancient Northern Mysteries.” [34]
The “secret of man” — this is what can be detected in Norse myths, in Gnosis, and now in Anthroposophy (anthro: human; sophy: knowledge or wisdom). This is what Christ brought us, according to Steiner — Christ was our Prototype because he showed us what we are, spiritual beings whose true dwelling is beyond the Earth. And, like Christ, we can evolve beyond our current station:
“When Christ Jesus had come to the earth, when the Mystery of Golgotha had taken place, the great secret that was intended to be mirrored in every single human soul was this: ‘My kingdom is not of this world!’ ... [T]he Christ Himself had now entered earth-evolution, had become part of it. That is the all-important fact. The Gnostics were the last survivors of the bearers of that ancient, atavistic earth-wisdom which was comprehensive and powerful enough to make some understanding of the Christ possible.” [35]
Note that what Christ underwent in coming to Earth from a higher realm is what each human undergoes.
Most people, including orthodox churchmen, do not understand the real meaning and message of Christ. But Steiner is the successor to Mystery priests who knew Christ’s real identity:
“Many were the prayers, many were the lofty teachings given by the teachers in the Mysteries in order to glorify and describe the sublime Sun-Spirit. These teachers in the Mysteries said to their pupils and they in turn to all humanity, that when man has passed through the gate of death he must enter, first, into the sphere of the lesser stars and their beings, and then rise above the sun. This he cannot do if the power of the Sun-Being is not bestowed upon him
“...Among the peoples where these customs prevailed, special rites and ceremonies were enacted in connection with this veneration of the sun. The ritual consisted, as a rule, in an image of the god being laid in the grave and after some days taken out again, as a sign and token that there is a god in the universe — the Sun-God — who ever and again awakens men to life when he succumbs to death.
“... [T]he priest told them: 'Through your birth you have departed from the realm of the Sun-God. When you pass through death you shall find that realm again through the power that he, the Sun-God, has laid in your hearts.'
“...Relatively speaking, it was not difficult for men at that time to accept such teaching because they had an instinctive remembrance of the realm of the Christ whence they had descended to the earth. But human nature is involved in a process of evolution and this instinctive remembrance of pre-earthly, spiritual life was gradually lost. Eight hundred years before the Mystery of Golgotha there were only a very few in whom any instinctive remembrance of pre-earthly life still survived.” [36]
Note that the essay I’ve just now quoted contains “The Message of Anthroposophy.” And what is that message?
“[If] Christianity is rightly understood, men know that the sun shines upon all men ... Anthroposophy will reveal to men that the Being who before the Mystery of Golgotha could be reached only by instinctive, super-earthly faculties [i.e., clairvoyance], can be reached since the Mystery of Golgotha through a power of knowledge acquired on the earth itself.
“Men...will understand that the Being who was formerly to be found on the sun is now to be found on the earth.
“...[T]his means that through Spiritual Science we must again learn to perceive a spiritual reality in everything that is of a material nature — a spiritual reality behind stones, plants, animals, human beings, behind clouds, stars, behind the sun.
“...Anthroposophy is able to affirm the reality of the Spirit behind the whole of nature. It may therefore also affirm that the Spirit is at work throughout the earthly history of mankind, that the earth itself first acquired meaning through the Mystery of Golgotha.
“Before the Mystery of Golgotha the meaning of the earth was contained in the realm of the Sun; but since the Mystery of Golgotha it inheres in the Earth itself.
“This is what Anthroposophy would fain bring to mankind ... And when, prepared by Anthroposophy, men are ready to seek again for the spiritual world, they will find Christ as an ever-present reality, in the way that is needful and right for our age ... [I]f in our day men reject knowledge of Christ, then they belie Him.
“...[I]f you truly receive into yourselves the spirit of Anthroposophy, you will find that it will again open the ears, the hearts and the souls of men to the Mystery of the Christ.
“Anthroposophy would wish its destiny to be one with the destiny of Christianity. This requires that men to-day shall turn, not merely to dead words which speak to them of Christ, but to knowledge ... He who was once their God has become their divine Brother.” [37]
Can we call this message Christian? Perhaps, in a way. Steiner claimed that his teachings reveal the true Christian message. But his teachings insist on Mystery knowledge — we can be saved through possession of secret knowledge, not through faith or good works. This is the Gnostic claim that is a heresy according to orthodox Christian teachings.
“The classic source for ancient controversies regarding groups conventionally classified as gnostic is Adversus haereses (Latin: ‘Against Heresies’), a five-volume work written in Greek about ad 180 by the Christian bishop Irenaeus of Lyons. Originally titled ‘Exposure and Refutation of Knowledge Falsely So-Called,’ this extraordinarily influential work was studied, adapted, and expanded upon from the late 2nd through the 4th century by Christian writers ... Later sources provide further information about the movements described by Irenaeus as well as about other groups, but they offer little help in understanding the term gnostikoi itself, which they sometimes apply to one or two specific sects and sometimes to a wide variety of groups deemed heretical." [38]
According to Steiner, Christ was once a god of another celestial sphere, but now he is our “brother”: He is our Savior only to the extent that he is our Prototype, a being such as we ourselves may become. Steiner used some more or less conventional Christian language, but his conception of Christ and his emphasis on Mystery knowledge separate Anthroposophy from orthodox Christianity — and Steiner insisted that our salvation (immortality, evolution) depends on Anthroposophy. “[W]hen, prepared by Anthroposophy, men are ready to seek again for the spiritual world....” (As we have seen, orthodox Christianity contains "mysteries," but the Gnostic emphasis on mysterious or occult "wisdom" as the key to Salvation was largely purged when Gnosticism was declared heretical. In contrast, occultism is central to Anthroposophy. [See "Occultism".])
Here is Steiner’s distinctly heterodox summary of the Christ story:
“...What will the Christ Mystery, the Christ Deed, come to mean in the life of man in the future? ... As he ascends again into the spiritual world, man will know that through the Christ Deed he has gained the victory over what he experienced in the physical body; he will point to the physical as something that has been overcome, surmounted.
“...[M]an will look back upon what was experienced in the physical world, and will know that it is a grave. Then, with deep consciousness of the import of his words, he will say...‘The grave is empty and He Who lay within it has risen!’
“...The future of Christianity is that Christianity will not merely proclaim the existence of higher worlds, nor be mere religion, but an inner affirmation, a powerful impulse in life itself ... This Mystery is a Deed, a reality of life, inasmuch as man looks up to Christ not merely as the Savior but as the great Prototype...not merely the Comforter but the One Who goes before us ... [T]his is what the Christ Idea will be in the future, pervading all knowledge, all art, all life.” [39]
This, in brief, is what Steiner meant Anthroposophy, his Theory of Everything, to be. Anthroposophy intersects with Christianity, especially in emphasizing Christ, but it also intersects with other religions and worldviews to virtually the same degree. Anthroposophy stresses polytheism, karma, reincarnation, and evolution, for instance — these are absolutely key concepts — and these do not come from Christianity nor are they generally consistent with it. Anthroposophy is Christian to the extent that it emphasizes Christ. But it is Hindu to the extent that it emphasizes reincarnation and karma. It is “scientific,” perhaps, to the extent that it emphasizes evolution. It is Zoroastrian to the extent that it emphasizes Ahriman. But really it is neither Christian nor Hindu, neither scientific nor Zoroastrian. It is itself — it is a unique amalgam of beliefs, derived from many sources, significantly including Theosophy, Gnosticism, and Rosicrucianism — systems that all stress the importance of secret spiritual knowledge and, thus, systems that run contrary to mainstream Christian teachings.
— Roger Rawlings
Anthroposophical Gnosticism
in Practice
Language has extraordinary importance and power, according to Steiner. It forms and shapes thoughts, which exist in the supersensible realm as real beings. The essence of initiation, Steiner said, is learning the spiritual core of true language, the secret names of things.
"[I]nitiation consists in this very act of learning to call the things of the world by those names which they bear in the spirit of their divine authors. In these, their names, lies the mystery of things. It is for this reason that the initiates speak a different language from the uninitiated, for the former know the names by which the beings themselves are called into existence." — Rudolf Steiner, KNOWLEDGE OF THE HIGHER WORLDS AND ITS ATTAINMENT (Forgotten Books, Anthroposophic Press, 1947), chapter 2, GA 10.
In Waldorf schools, the occult significance of language is embodied in eurythmy, which Steiner called "visible speech, visible music":
“[A]ll that can be perceived by supersensible vision, all that can thus be learned about the nature of these forms and gestures of the air, can be carried into movements of the arms and hands, into movements of the whole human being. There then arises in visible form the actual counterpart of speech. One can use the entire human body in such a way that it really carries out those movements which are otherwise carried out by the organs connected with speech and music. Thus there arises visible speech, visible music — in other words, the art of Eurythmy.
“When one brings artistic feeling to the study of the nature of speech, one finds that the individual sounds form themselves, as it were, into imaginative pictures. It is necessary, however, entirely to free oneself from the abstract character which language has taken during the so-called advanced civilisation of the present day. For it is an undeniable fact that modern man, when speaking, in no way brings his whole human being into activity.” — Rudolf Steiner, A LECTURE ON EURYTHMY (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1967), GA 279.
Mastering the proper form of speech leads to altered consciousness and reascent into spirit realms.
"In the picture of the descent of world evolution down to man you have that scale which human beings have to reascend, from Imagination through Inspiration to Intuition. In the poem transformed into eurythmy you have Imagination; in recitation and declamation you have Inspiration as a picture; in the entirely inward experience of the poem, in which there is no need to open your mouth because your experience is totally inward and you are utterly identified with it and have become one with it, in this you have Intuition." — Rudolf Steiner, THE CHRISTMAS CONFERENCE (Anthroposophic Press, 1990), p. 36.
For more on the Logos,
see "Logos".
For a review of some related topics,
The Demiurgos, the Ancient of Days,
Zeus, Jehovah, the Immortal Mortal.
[Montfaucon's ANTIQUITIES.]
Note that Steiner's account of the Demiurgos
differs from what we find elsewhere.
A gnostic talisman.
[Rosemary Ellen Guiley,
(Castle Books, 1991), p. 237
— image from Dover Publications.]
More of the same:
(Dover, 2003), facing p. 184.]
The occultism found behind and in Waldorf schools
differs from other forms of occultism is many ways.
But there are also many links between Anthroposophy
and occultism at large.
Gnostic cross incorporating the "four elements."
Gnostic Sun emblem (the Sun
in the center of the celestial vault):
double, intersecting crosses.
Double, intersecting crosses
with the celestial vault completed
to symbolize eternity enclosing temporality.
[Rudolf Koch, THE BOOK OF SIGNS
(Dover Publications, 1955), pp. 93, 22, and 23.]
This is a sketch of scenery used at the Goetheanum
— the Anthroposophical headquarters —
to stage Steiner's mystery play
"The Guardian of the Threshold".
[R.R., 2009.]
For an overview of Steiner's four
mystery plays, see
Gnosticism may be traced back to ancient Greece and beyond.
Steiner's representation of these matters is often inconsistent with more reliable sources.
"The designation gnosticism is a term of modern scholarship. It was first used by the English poet and philosopher of religion Henry More (1614–87), who applied it to the religious groups referred to in ancient sources as gnostikoi (Greek: those who have gnosis, or “knowledge”). The Greek adjective gnostikos (“leading to knowledge” or “pertaining to knowledge”) was first used by Plato to describe the cognitive or intellectual dimension of learning, as opposed to the practical. By the 2nd century ad, however, gnostikoi had been adopted by various Christian groups, some of which used it positively as a self-designation, though others criticized this practice as a presumptuous claim of exclusive access to truth." — ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, January 21, 2017.
"Early heretical movements
Gnosticism, from the Greek gnōstikos (one who has gnōsis, or “secret knowledge”), was an important movement in the early Christian centuries — especially the 2nd — that offered an alternative to emerging orthodox Christian teaching. Gnostics taught that the world was created by a demiurge or satanic power — which they often associated with the God of the Old Testament — and that there is total opposition between this world and God. Redemption was viewed as liberation from the chaos of a creation derived from either incompetent or malevolent powers, a world in which the elect are alien prisoners. The method of salvation was to discover the Kingdom of God within one’s elect soul and to learn how to pass the hostile powers barring the soul’s ascent to bliss. The Gnostics held a Docetist Christology, in which Jesus only appeared to assume the flesh. Although not assuming material form according to the Gnostics, Jesus, nonetheless, was the redeemer sent by God to reveal His special gnōsis. Irenaeus and other Christian theologians, as well as the 3rd-century Neoplatonic philosopher Plotinus, dismissed Gnosticism as a pretentious but dangerous nonsense.
"Along with Irenaeus and others, the writers of the later New Testament books seem to have opposed early Gnosticism. The supporters of what would become orthodox Christianity stressed the need to adhere to tradition, which was attested by the churches of apostolic foundation. A more hazardous reply was to appeal to ecstatic prophecy. About ad 172 a quasi-pentecostal movement in Phrygia was led by Montanus with two prophetesses, Prisca and Maximilla, reasserting the imminence of the end of the world. He taught that there was an age of the Father (Old Testament), an age of the Son (New Testament), and an age of the Spirit (heralded by the prophet Montanus). Montanism won its chief convert in Tertullian. Its claim to supplement the New Testament was generally rejected, and the age of prophecy was held to have ended in the time of the apostles." — ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, January 21, 2017.
"Gnosticism. A complex of religious movements, having at least some of its roots in Jewish and pagan thought but appearing in developed form as a Christian heresy in the 2nd cent [i.e., century]....
"Among the points of difference [between gnosticism and orthodox Christianity] are (i) the distinction between the remote supreme Divine being and the inferior Demiurge ... (ii) the importance of gnosis ('knowledge') as a means of redemption ... and (iii) a christology of Jesus as the emissary of the supreme God in docetic human form.
"Opponents of gnosticism...pointed to the plain sense of the scriptures and the unbroken tradition of the Church as proof against the legitimacy of esoteric revelations; to the absurdity of gnostic cosmology...; to the reality of Jesus' sufferings; and (apparently without good reason) to the immoral character of the gnostics themselves...
"Recent study...has supported two conclusions: first, gnosticism should probably be seen as an originally non-Christian phenomenon ... Second, the gnostics were ousted by the church in the 2nd-3rd cents [i.e., centuries]...." — THE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF WORLD RELIGIONS (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 376.
Predominant in the mystery teachings
of Anthroposophy is the influence of
Norse mythology.
The myths of the Norsemen give an accurate
albeit mysterious account of human evolution,
Steiner taught.
[See "The Gods".]
Norse myths are emphasized
in Waldorf education.
Norse gods, by Lorenz Frølich.
Steiner's doctrines emerge from a welter of religious, occult, gnostic, Rosicrucian, and esoteric traditions. Despite the efforts of Steiner, Blavatsky, and others, a fully successful synthesis of these traditions has never been achieved. Here is a diagram summarizing one attempted, partial synthesis, focusing on the books of the Bible. In part, this attempt bears similarities to Steiner's own work; in part, it is quite different. By taking such disparate efforts into account, we perceive Anthroposophy in its esoteric context, one system among a plethora of systems.
"[This is a] synthesis of the Old and New Testaments [that] represents the interblending planes of being. In the right margin the seven outer circles [shown in the diagram] contain the names of the planetary angels. The words in the graduated circles from the top triangle downward read: (1) Abyss of Compassion; (2) Zion; (3) The New Heaven and the New Earth; (4) The New Jerusalem; (5) Paradise; (6) The Bosom of Abraham; (7) The Outer Courts of the Lord. From below the circles of darkness reach upward, each divine principle being opposed by an infernal opposite. The small circle on the left containing a triangle and cross is named The Tree of Life, and that on the right The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. In the center of the diagram is the Trinity, joined with the superior and inferior planes by lines of activity." — Manly P. Hall, THE SECRET TEACHINGS OF ALL AGES (Forgotten Books, 2008), p. 446.
The dream of mysticism,
the goal of gnosticism:
Transcendent knowledge,
seeing the invisible.
Gnosticism is distinct from
other spiritual paths,
but it arises recognizably
from a central religious impulse.
Waldorf student art courtesy of
People for Legal and Nonsectarian Schools.
The middle painting includes the Hindu
symbol for the mantra "Om" or "Aum,"
which is meant to embody the universe.
Steiner employed it sometimes.
In a strange inversion of the Lord's Prayer,
he used these words:
Evils reign
Bearing witness to I-being....”
— Rudolf Steiner, START NOW!
(SteinerBooks, 2004), pp. 220-221.
Christ, the god of the Sun;
sketch based on sculpture by R. Steiner
[R.R., 2009.]
Charts by which Ramon Lull
tried to expose the secrets of the universe.
(Prometheus Books, 1989), p. 36.]
Steiner was an industrious scholar of the occult. He knew a vast amount about matters that have no real bearing on life or truth.
“Thus did Ramon Lull look for a kind of renaissance of the secrets of the Logos, as they were known and spoken of in the ancient Mysteries. [paragraph break] You will find all this quite misrepresented in the historical documents. But when one enters little by little, as it were, into a personal relationship with Ramon Lull, then one comes to see how in all these efforts he was trying to find again the solution of the riddle of the Cosmic Word. And it is a fact that the students of the medieval initiates continued for several centuries to spend their lives in endeavors of this kind. It was an earnest and intensive striving, first to immerse oneself in the human being, and then to go forth from the human being and rise up into the secrets of the cosmos.” — Rudolf Steiner, THE SECRET STREAM: Christian Rosenkreutz and Rosicrucianism (SteinerBooks, 2000), p. 215.
“The Lullian Art has been both ridiculed and worshipped, by laymen, theologians, and mathematicians. It is basically a mechanical method for producing all the possible permutations of two groups of words or concepts.” — Martin Gardner, “Ramon Lull” http://homepage.mac.com/bobsc/xianbios/lull.html. “The big question — and it was raised by Lull — is whether the mechanical production of all combinations, or a selection of random combinations, is a genuine creative thought. In most cases the number of combinations of primitive concepts is enormous. Except for a minute percentage, the combinations are nonsensical and useless.” — Martin Gardner, SCIENCE: GOOD, BAD AND BOGUS, p. 51.
For Steiner's teachings about the Holy Grail,
please see "Grail".
To learn about damnation, Steiner-style,
see "Hell".
Hidden meanings can be found anywhere.
To learn more, please use this link: "Magic".
For more on Michael, his mission,
and his antagonists, see "Michael".
To visit other pages in this section of Waldorf Watch,
use the underlined links, below.
Examining the central denial made by Steiner’s followers
A comparison of Steiner's teachings with Christ's
The hidden story
Anthroposophy and Rosicrucianism
Steiner's strange ideas about the Lord
What Waldorf faculties aim for
About those "morning verses"
The religion of Anthroposophy in the classroom
Turning students into disciples
Why choose Anthroposophy when there are so many alternatives?
You may also want to consult a few essays
posted in the first section of Waldorf Watch:
Waldorf's goals
Waldorf's reality
Teachers as priests
Steiner, trying to make Waldorf education seem sensible
The formatting at Waldorf Watch aims for visual variety,
seeking to ease the process of reading
lengthy texts on a computer screen.
Some of the illustrations used here at Waldorf Watch
are closely related to the contents of the pages
on which they appear;
others are not
— the latter provide general context.
[1] Rudolf Steiner, ATLANTIS AND LEMURIA (Rajput Press, 1911), p. 4.
Steiner made this statement while he was a Theosophist: Gnosis (secret knowledge) and Theosophy (knowledge of god) are one and the same. As a leading Theosophist, Steiner always advanced his own version of Theosophy, which as early as 1902 he began referring to as Anthroposophy (knowledge or wisdom of man). Thus, in identifying Theosophy as Gnosis, he effectively identified Anthroposophy as Gnosis.
After Steiner broke from Theosophy to establish Anthroposophy as an independent system, he said he did so because the Theosophy described by others — predominately Helena Blavatsky, the central figure in Theosophy — was faulty. Greater, more complete truth lay in his own teachings, he claimed.
”It is true that Blavatsky [Helena Blavatsky, the central figure in Theosophy] has in her books put forward important truths concerning spiritual worlds, but mixed with so much error that only one who has accurately investigated these matters can succeed in separating what is significant from what is erroneous.” — Rudolf Steiner, APPROACHES TO ANTHROPOSOPHY (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1992), p. 7.
[2] Rudolf Steiner, FIRST STEPS IN INNER DEVELOPMENT (Anthroposophic Press, 1999), p. 25.
This is another quotation from Steiner's Theosophical years. Here it is in more complete form:
“In the Theosophical society, one of the things that we cultivate, in addition to the pursuit of a universal ethics, is occultism, or esotericism, which from this point of view has to do with laws of existence that are hidden from the usual sense of observation in everyday human experience. Occult mean 'hidden' or 'mysterious.'”
[3] See "Is Anthroposophy a Religion?"
Many Anthroposophists belong to the overtly religious extension of Anthroposophy called the Christian Community. They consider Anthroposophy a science that provides the spiritual knowledge revered in the Community. However, I have argued that Anthroposophy is itself a religion, rooted in faith not knowledge, and practiced in order to gain spiritual blessings. Foremost among the desired blessings is salvation (which is Anthroposophy is spiritual evolution to immortal divinity).
The distinction Anthroposophists try to establish between their "science" and their faith could be asserted by others with reference to their own spiritual practices. Studying any catechism or holy book, or receiving any types of divine inspirations or visitations or messages, might be called "science" — you are gathering truth, not worshipping. You then use the truths you have attained to engage in religious actions such as prayer and worship. If a distinction between science and religion holds for Anthroposophy, it holds for other spiritual movements as well. But the fallacy is obvious. The study and the practice are intimately linked and, in fact, inseparable. They are the twin sides of religion.
[4] “The development of Christian doctrine was to a large extent a reaction against Gnosticism.” — "gnosticism." ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Online, 23 May 2008.
The basic concept in Gnosticism is that salvation is attained through the acquisition of knowledge, not through faith or good works. Steiner taught that religion, as such, will become unnecessary. It will be replaced by his own teachings, spiritual science: Men will have esoteric knowledge and will no longer need faith.
"Religion is the re-binding of the sensible with the supersensible. In an age of approaching materialism human beings needed religion. But the time will come when they will again be able to experience the supersensible world; then they will no longer need religion. The necessary antecedent of the new vision is that human beings shall be bearers of spiritual Christianity. This is the basis of the sentence of which I would ask you to realize the profound significance: Christianity began as a religion but is greater than all religions.” — Rudolf Steiner, THE CHRISTIAN MYSTERY (Anthroposophic Press, 1998), p. 283.
Note that "Christianity" is not greater than all other religions; it is greater than any and all religions. This reflects Steiner's claim that his teachings are not a religion. "True" Christianity, he taught, is gnostic, it consists of secret knowledge. His teachings (Anthropo-sophy: human knowledge) embody the secrets. That is, he possessed true Christianity; churches do not possess it.
"I also want you to understand what is really religious in the anthroposophical sense ... [R]eligion connected with a specific church is not actually religious.” — Rudolf Steiner, FACULTY MEETINGS WITH RUDOLF STEINER, Foundations of Waldorf Education (Anthroposophic Press, 1998) pp. 44-46.
In this sense, Anthroposophy is the one true religion, according to the logic of Steiner's assertions.
[5There have been many versions of Christian gnosticism. In some, there is belief in, or “knowledge” of, many Demiurges, who were a band of gods. In others, there was a single Demiurge, but above him stood other gods who were not, as such, Demiurges. Thus, gnosticism has often been polytheistic.
In most gnostic systems, the Creator of the physical realm was described as a lowly god, who created an inferior level of existence.
"Demiurge, Greek Dēmiourgos ('public worker'), plural Demiourgoi, in philosophy, a subordinate god who fashions and arranges the physical world to make it conform to a rational and eternal ideal." — ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Sep. 24, 2012.
Sometimes, rather than working toward a divine vision, the Demiurge was thought to be an evil spirit.
"Gnostics taught that the world was created by a demiurge or satanic power." — ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Jan. 21, 2017.
[6] Steiner typically changed religious teachings to conform to his own vision, or he sought and emphasized teachings consistent with his own. Whereas the Demiurge is usually thought to be a low-ranking god, possibly evil, Steiner depicts him as "a Being dwelling in spheres of lofty spirituality ... a sublime Being" presiding above, and sending forth, subordinate gods. (We will see this quotation, at greater length, presently.) In this conception, the Demiurge becomes essentially the presiding Godhead, the fountainhead creation, from whom ranks of gods issued.
Steiner's conception of the Godhead is complex. The Godhead is, in a sense, the creative force within everything, hence it is immanent everywhere. On the other hand, however, the Godhead generally has no direct involvement with us, and may more truly be conceived as divine will, the divine impulse behind creation, a nebulous force rather than a specific divine presence. The universe as described by Steiner is aswarm with gods who stand below the Godhead; they interact with us as the Godhead does not. In no sense, according to Steiner, do we live in a monotheistic universe. Only in a distant future may the universe become monotheistic — that is, only then will the Godhead become fulfilled in the form of a One True God. We will by then have joined with this God, and we will have been redeemed. In a sense, we ourselves will be this God. If we think of the Godhead as the origin, then God is the goal. [See, e.g., "All", "God", and the entry for "Godhead" in the BRIEF WALDORF / STEINER ENCYCLOPEDIA.]
Concerning the "crystal heaven":
“That which happened in the beginnings of our evolution, before the Saturn development, we must place outside, beyond the Zodiac. Primeval wisdom called it the Crystal Heaven.” — Rudolf Steiner, THE SPIRITUAL HIERARCHIES (Anthroposophic Press, 1929), lecture 10, GA 110.
[7] Concerning Steiner's treatment of Jehovah: Steiner’s doctrines contain many traces of anti-Semitism. He said that The ancient Jews were spiritually no more advanced than embryos, and because they clung to their infantile ideas (the Old Testament), they led us to the materialistic, atheistic mess we're in today.
[8] Rudolf Steiner, “Gnostic Doctrines and Supersensible Influences in Europe” (ANTHROPOSOPHY - Michaelmas 1931, Vol. 6, No. 3), GA 225.
When he described the beliefs of ancient peoples, Steiner sometimes took the role of a scholar of religion; he explained various belief systems without apparently endorsing them. Sometimes, indeed, he drew distinctions between ancient beliefs and the "truths" he himself set forth. However, Steiner very often effectively did endorse ancient teachings, and in turn he offered such teachings as a sort of endorsement of his own teachings. He argued, in effect, that the parallels between various belief systems indicates the truth of these systems. His basic stance, often, was that ancient peoples had deep — but incomplete or flawed — spiritual wisdom. His own teachings, he claimed, corrected the errors of the past while also perfecting the wisdom of the past.
[9] Rudolf Steiner, CHRIST AND THE SPIRITUAL WORLD: THE SEARCH FOR THE HOLY GRAIL (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1963), lecture 1, GA 149.
[10] Rudolf Steiner, THE FESTIVALS AND THEIR MEANING (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1996), pp. 277-278.
It is enlightening to note that by "pre-earthly existence", Steiner meant life in "the spirit-world of the stars."
[11] "Salvation" is a tricky concept, in Anthroposophy. Steiner generally taught that the goal is not so much to be saved as to make spiritual, evolutionary progress. Still, we may speak of salvation, as Steiner himself did, as long as we bear the Anthroposophical meaning in mind. E.g.,
"[I]n order that all men might perceive the living God, with their earthly senses, He, the Christ, had to appear upon earth in a way that made it possible for Him to be seen with physical eyes; in other words, He had to take on a form of flesh, because only such a form can be seen with physical eyes. Prior to this, only the initiates could perceive Him through the Mysteries, but now He took on a physical form for the salvation of every soul." — Rudolf Steiner, THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN (Anthroposophic Press, 1962), lecture 4, GA 103.
Anthroposophical teachings include occult versions of heaven and hell. Good humans will eventually become gods. This will be "salvation" indeed. But errant humans will pay the price for their errors. Eventually they will arrive at the Abyss:
“The evil race, with its savage impulses, will dwell in animal form in the abyss.” — Rudolf Steiner, UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN BEING (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1993), p. 103.
[12] Rudolf Steiner, ANTHROPOSOPHICAL LEADING THOUGHTS (Rudolf Steiner Publishing Company, 1973), #21, “Gnosis and Anthroposophy", GA 26.
The capital-G "Gnosis" Steiner refers to came before the 2nd Century A.D., and is thus, more properly, small-g "gnosis." The distinction tends to get lost in Steiner's statements, in part because in German all nouns are capitalized.
[13] Ibid.
[14] This evolutionary process is tied to the hierarchy of races, as Steiner described it. Some races are higher than others. Good humans evolve upward into the higher races; bad humans descend into the lower races.
"[If a] soul does not make itself evil, it will not be reincarnated in a race that is falling back, but in one that is on the up-grade [sic].” — Rudolf Steiner, INVESTIGATIONS IN OCCULTISM SHOWING ITS PRACTICAL VALUE IN DAILY LIFE (Kessigner Publishing, 1996) p. 138 — reproduction of a 1920 edition.
[15] Rudolf Steiner. THE FESTIVALS AND THEIR MEANING, p. 58.
In some instances, I have drawn quotations from an earlier edition of this book — the content is the same, but occasionally the expression is clearer in one edition than in another. For consistency, I will give the page numbers for the 1996 edition, cited above.
In the 1996 edition, the word "blasphemous" was replaced by "irreverent."
[16] ANTHROPOSOPHICAL LEADING THOUGHTS (Rudolf Steiner Publishing Company, 1973), #14, “A Christmas Study: The Mystery of the Logos”, GA 26.
[17] See Rudolf Steiner, THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL: HIS MISSION AND OURS: Selected Lectures and Writings (SteinerBooks, 1994).
[18] “A Christmas Study: The Mystery of the Logos”.
[19] THE SPIRITUAL HIERARCHIES, lecture 5, GA 110.
[20] Rudolf Steiner, OCCULT SCIENCE - AN OUTLINE (Anthroposophic Press, 1979), p. 310.
[21] The prefatory note can be found in, e.g., Rudolf Steiner, THE SPIRITUAL HIERARCHIES (Anthroposophical Publishing Co., 1928), front matter. Multiple repetitions of the note can be found at http://www.rsarchive.org/Search.php.
Concerning the School of Spiritual Science: During the Christmas season, 1923-24, Steiner announced plans for the school. [See Johannes Kiersch, A HISTORY OF THE SCHOOL OF SPIRITUAL SCIENCE (Temple Lodge Publishing, 2006).] The primary center for Anthroposophical studies today is located at the Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland [http://www.goetheanum.org/300.html?L=1].
The School of Spiritual Science was originally meant to include three central "classes," but Steiner created only one before death took him. This First Class may be considered the inner core of Anthroposophy.
“According to its constitution, the task of the School of Spiritual Science is to conduct research in the field of spirit in ways that can complement and take further the results obtained by mainstream academic research ... In Rudolf Steiner‘s plan, three Classes were to form the core and esoteric practice of the School. This work was to be rooted in mantric and meditative of inner schooling. He was only able to create a First Class. ... The circle of First Class Holders has been conferring on the procedure leading to the appointment of new Class Holders.” — General Anthroposophical Society Annual Report 2002, http://www.goetheanum.org/uploads/media/JB2002en_01.pdf.
[22] Rudolf Steiner, POLARITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF MANKIND (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1987), pp. 104-105.
[23] Rudolf Steiner, KNOWLEDGE OF THE HIGHER WORLDS AND ITS ATTAINMENT (Anthroposophic Press, 1944).
In my essay “Inside Scoop”, I discuss initiation as described in this book. I offer a tour through the book in "Knowing the Worlds".
The book is also available in other editions and translations, e.g., HOW TO KNOW HIGHER WORLDS (Anthroposophic Press, 1994).
[24] Rudolf Steiner, OCCULT SCIENCE - AN OUTLINE (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1979).
For a tour through this book, see "Everything".
This book, too, is available in numerous editions and translations, e.g., AN OUTLINE OF OCCULT SCIENCE (Anthroposophical Literature Concern, 1922) and AN OUTLINE OF ESOTERIC SCIENCE (Anthroposophic Press, 1997).
In KNOWLEDGE OF THE HIGHER WORLDS AND ITS ATTAINMENT, Steiner is even more explicit about the need for reverence and the inadmissibility of critical thought. He describes a dubious condition of childhood, claiming that it lays a good foundation for adulthood.
"[Some children] have a respect that forbids them, even in the deepest recess of their heart, to harbour any thoughts of criticism or opposition ... What was once a childish veneration of persons, becomes, later, a veneration for truth and knowledge ... [V]eneration is always due when it flows from the depths of the heart." [p. 10.]
Steiner describes an attitude that may or may not be good for children, but that is clearly hazardous for adults. We must use our heads and think critically; hearts are not always reliable; veneration is not always due. Truth and knowledge are not attainable in the manner Steiner prescribes. Even if we school our hearts and souls, as Steiner says we must, our intuitions cannot be the sure guides he wants them to be. The promise he offers is highly appealing, but he provides no substantiation for his claims — he merely offers the ancient fantasy of direct, sure, heartfelt certainty, a fantasy that has led to innumerable wars and other disasters, when blundering humans have felt sure they knew the divine will. We would like certainty in our souls, but humans have sought this from time immemorial, and often, tragically, our quest has led us astray. Essentially, Steiner advocates clairvoyance, which — sadly — does not exist. [See "Clairvoyance".]
[26] I discuss some of these exercises in "Serving the Gods" and "Knowing the Worlds". Also see "Inside Scoop".
[28] I discuss these subjects in various essays here at Waldorf Watch. Please use the Index and Table of Contents, or do Google searches of this site using the “Search Site” option near the top of each page.
[29] Rudolf Steiner, HOW CAN MANKIND FIND THE CHRIST AGAIN? (Anthroposophic Press, 1984), p. 49.
While Steiner generally deprecated intellect and the use of the brain [see, e.g., "Thinking" and "Steiner's Specific"], he himself was an intellectual, and his own doctrines are presented, in a sense, as the result of "powerful spiritual thinking." However, he described a time when thinking becomes useless — the materialistic period in which we live now. Our materialistic use of the brain, a physical organ, avails nought; it lacks "the penetration needed to understand the Mystery of Golgotha."
[31] Rudolf Steiner, BETWEEN DEATH AND REBIRTH (Rudolf Steiner Press, 1975), lecture 9, GA 141.
[33] Ibid., p. 57.
[34] Ibid., pp. 61-63.
[35] Ibid., p. 61.
[36] Ibid., pp. 270-272.
[37] Ibid., pp. 278-280.
[38] “gnosticism." ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, Online, 30 Sep. 2009
[R.R., 2010.] |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2940 | Mini RoboMind
I’ve been doing some C programming lately on the MRM board, which uses a Motorola 68332 CPU. It’s not exactly a new chip but I think the last Motorola I did much development on was an HC11, so it’s definitely a step up from that. The board ships with an ancient GNU gcc 2.95.3 and equally old versions of binutils and newlib. So, my first problem was building a new cross tool chain using gcc 3.4.3. That done, I’m now begining to work on code that uses the TPU to generate pulses suitable for controlling R/C servos. Next up may be talking to one of those Logitech cordless PS2 controllers. |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2943 | How to spot predatory publishers
What is a predatory publisher?
Generally predatory publishers are those who exploit the open access model by charging a fee for the publication of material but without providing the services an author would expect such as peer review and editing. predatory publishers typically contact potential authors directly via email to offer their services and encourage publication. many also offer academic conferences.
Grudniewicz, A. et al (2019). Predatory journals: no definition, no defence. Nature, 576, 210-212.
Why are they a problem?
By not offering expected services such as peer review or editing, these publications allow poor quality research tp be put into circulation. By appearing to be published in an academic journal which has checked its content this research masquerades as legitimate, something that can have potentially damaging consequences. Even if the individual piece of research is sound there is little academic merit to be gained having it sit alongside work that is substandard or even wrong.
• Is the publisher open about its practices?
• Do they publish on a vast range of topics?
• Assess the quality of the invitation - does it come from a named individual and an official email address?
• Are author fees clearly explained and easy to find?
• Are there hidden fees you need to be aware of e.g., are you or your library expected to buy a copy of your publication?
• Are the rights of the author after publication clearly explained and easy to find?
• If the article is to be published open access is a creative commons license mentioned?
• Is the review process clearly described?
• Is the stated time for review realistic?
• If an impact factor is given for the journal, is it correct?
• Are the members of the board and named editor in chief listed on the website?
• Are any of the names recognizable as experts in the field?
• Are board members aware that they are listed?
• Is the publisher connected to a recognized institution?
• Are they affiliated with a recognized industry association?
• Does the website have a professional look and feel?
• Are there spelling or grammatical errors?
• Is the journal indexed by the typical databases in the field?
• Are other journals by the same publisher indexed?
• Are these of a high standard?
• Are there basic spelling and grammatical errors?
• Are there mistakes in the title or abstract that may indicate that the publisher or reviewers are not familiar with the field?
There may be valid reasons why you answer no to some of these questions. Publication practices vary from country to county and it is important to consider cultural differences. Be careful not to use any of these factors in isolation and always use your judgment.
(This work was licensed under a creative commons cc-by 4.0 license by the office of scholarly communications, cambridge university libraries)
See also Choosing your journal - be aware of predatory journals |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2947 | Animals Video
By Katy Gill
Is there anything more adorable than a kitten and a baby bird snuggling? No, didn’t think so!
This cute footage shows a kitten cuddling a baby bird – sharing their warmth in the winter weather.
PIC FROM Caters News
The unlikely pair took a shinning for each other after Dory, the bird, was rescued by John Chorianopoulos, and his girlfriend Flora.
Now, Sofi the kitten and Dory the bird are always captured snuggling together, as can be seen in this clip.
John, 28, from Naxos, Greece, said: “When we found her, Dory had a cracked wing, so we kept her at home until she was ok.
“All of that time, Sofi never left Dory’s side.
PIC FROM Caters News
“At first Dory was terrified of Sofi, but as she saw that she didn’t want to hurt her, she was calm – we realised that when we saw them sleep together for the first time.
“When I first saw them cuddling, it was hard to believe a cat and bird could be friends!” |
global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2965 | parsley root
parsley root puree
Parsley root is a so-called forgotten vegetable. It has a stronger taste than parsnip. Together with mashed potatoes it makes a delicious puree.
parsley root puree
parsley root puree
Parsley root is a so-called forgotten vegetable. Just like parsnip used to be. But parsnip is meanwhile quite well known in our region. the little brother of this root, parsley root, is unfortunately less known. It is also less common and not every supermarket sells it. The taste is stronger and more outspoken than the taste of parsnip. It goes more in the direction of celeriac celery. Today I chose to make a parsley root puree.
You can use parsley root in different types of recipes. More or less the same kind of recipes where you would use parsnip or celeriac celery. You can use it in a puree with mashed potatoes like I did. Other typical recipes are soups, risotto or you can even fry them.
More background to parsley root
Parsley root is a winter vegetable, available in specialised stores from November to February (in my region). But keep in mind that it is a forgotten vegetable and will not be available in every supermarket.
Parsley root is not the same vegetable than the normal parsley we know, where we use the leaves. But it belongs to the same family. So at a next occasion I will try to use the root of the parsley in my garden. I am curious how that will taste!
More information on parsley root is available on fine cooking: synonyms, regions where they are grown and of course recipes! On Youtube you can find a video about “the other side of parsley”. The video also contains a surprising recipe to make chips out of them.
Try to use it also in combination with the pure mashed pumpkin I made some time ago. I think the taste combine very well together.
I served my parsley root puree together with a minute steak and Greek style mushrooms. They made a delicious meal together!
2 comments on “parsley root pureeAdd yours →
1. I like parsley roots better than parsnips, because I have noticed cooked parsnips develop a dryness in their mouthfeel I don’t like. Parsley roots, on the other hand, have a mouthfeel very similar to carrots, and I’m down with them 🙂 . Also, they make a good companion to mashed potatoes/potato puree, as you already mentioned.
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global_05_local_5_shard_00002591_processed.jsonl/2973 | Optimization of inventory management
In spring 2016, the team assisted a major Financial and Banking Institution in Montreal in optimizing its Inventory Management Process as well as non-production computer elements (development).
We organized the project in four main phases :
1. Planning
2. Analysis and enhancement of Management Processes
3. Analysis and recommendation for the optimization of software tools
4. Analysis and enhancement of inventory data including stakeholder survey activities
The total effort of the project represented nearly 800 hours spread over 3 advisors in our team. We coordinated our team according to our Project Management Techniques. The project was successfully completed over a period of nearly 4 months.
• Project management - deployment software ITSM [ see
Our main deliverables were :
• Enhanced process and procedure
• Specifications and recommendations document for Inventory Management Tools
• Inventory data upgraded delivered with a procedure allowing the organization to replicate the exercise
• Project monitoring documents
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