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Find the word definition
Satava is a large island in the Archipelago Sea, off the coast of the city of Turku, Finland. The island is located between Hirvensalo and Kakskerta, and as with many Finnish islands, it has a large amount of summer residences. Satava is also a district of Turku, encompassing the island itself and some surrounding smaller islands, such as Kulho and Järvistensaari.
The current population of the district is 781, and it is increasing at an annual rate of 2.22%. 18.43% of the population are under 15 years old, while 15.75% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 94.49% Finnish, 4.61% Swedish, and 0.90% other.
Satava was annexed to Turku in 1968 as a part of Kakskerta municipality.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77675
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Progress - activity completion tracking (set up and monitor)
tick box To set up completion tracking for your FLO site, consider the following phases:
Enable completion tracking
1. Completion tracking is a topic-wide setting that allows you select a 'completion' option for the items in your site. When completion tracking is turned on, you have the option to activate it for the activity or tool. Even with completion tracking turned on, items have are set to off, so you have to manually enable it for each item where it makes sense to do so.
2. To enable completion tracking in your FLO site, Administration > Edit Settings > Completion tracking and change to Yes to enable completion tracking. Save settings to apply.
enable completion tracking
Set up and integrate activity completion
1. Once 'Completion tracking' is enabled, each individual resource or activity can have 'Activity Completion' turned on.
2. Enable 'Activity completion' during the set-up procedures for each activity/resource you wish to track and the action associated with the tracking (manual or conditional completion)
3. Add the activity or resource by clicking on the link in the module:Add an activity or resource linkor edit an existing activity
4. Scroll down to Activity completion
5. Select manual or conditional from the drop-down menu
The settings you are provided with are available as either manual or conditional, which are related to the tracking function.
1. Completion tracking (behaviour)
• Manual: students can manually mark the activity as complete (students see a box to tick when they have finished with that item)
• Conditional: show activity as complete when conditions are met (select conditions and dates that apply)
activity completion settings
2. Require view : Student must view this activity to complete it. By ticking this box, you are declaring the action (behaviour) of the student is to view the item and make no other changes/additions. This option only works for Show activity as complete when conditions are met is selected.
3. When an activity is added that has additional requirements possible, you are able to determine if a 'completion' is related to the grade (assessment submission, quiz etc) or entries (forum, glossary, etc). This is useful when describing to students what constitutes a 'completion' of an activity. Example: Students are required to post into a forum, and to comment on someone else's post, within a certain timeframe (conditional).
activity completion glossary
4. Expect completed on: Provide a date and enable it if you wish to use 'expected dates' in your site. This is useful for assessments or in preparation tasks for workshops or lectures.
5. Save
Monitor activity completion
1. In the topic, locate the Administration tab
2. Click on Reports then Activity completion
activity completion
3. View the students and activities/resources on screen. Two types of 'completion' exist – manual and automated. A blue tick will appear when a student has either manually ticked the item off (solid-line box) or has met the condition of the activity/resource set within the activity/resource settings (dotted-line box)
completion report
4. To download a spreadsheet format (UTF-8.csv) or Excel-compatible format (.csv) report, click on the Download in... button.
Bulk select activities/resources for completion tracking
You are unlikely to want all items in your FLO site to have completion tracking set up, as this may include labels that are headings, or resources that are optional. You can bulk edit activity completion, which fast tracks the selection process.
1. Set up activity completion for the topic (instructions above)
2. In your topic homepage, under the Administration tab, select Topic completion
3. In the next screen, click on the tab Bulk edit activity completion
bulk edit activity completion
4. Select the activities/resources you want to edit, and click on the Edit button. In the next screen, choose options, and if relevant, a completion date
completion tracking option and date
5. Click Save changes
» How-to glossary
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77677
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Nothing Else Matters
Woke up with this song prominently singing itself through my brain. Typical girl liking the slow song of a heavy metal band the best. But this really is such an awesome song. I like Metallica, I like their heavy stuff too. It’s just this song is so full of passion artistry and meaning. It shows off many reasons why they are such a good band with the longevity they have had.
Another thing that shows off how Metallica is a musically awesome band is the show they did with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. I like the whole S&M (Symphony and Metallica) album, all the music melds well with the orchestral additions. So here is that version too.
The reason, most likely, this song was stuck in my head, is that I have been listening to a very interesting instrumental cover lately. Nothing says heavy metal like renaissance lute.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77682
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Is the Laser Cutter operational?
(Tiffany) #1
Hi guys, just wondering if the laser cutter is still out of action?
(Jaimyn Mayer) #2
It’s still out of action unfortunately. I believe most of the new parts have arrived so it hopefully shouldn’t be too long. I know @crofty was working on it last night.
(Tiffany) #3
I was hoping to be able to use the laser cutter for a particular project I am working on for a fundraising event, which needs to be completed by the 9th November.
I was hoping to use the laser cutter to engrave some writing and an emblem onto wooden bricks.
I would be most grateful for any assistance with the following questions:
1. A rough idea when the machine may be operational again?
2. What format/program do I need to use?
1. Having never used a Laser Cutter before would i be able to get inducted to use the machine, or could someone assist me with the cutting?
Thank you so much in advance!
(Jaimyn Mayer) #4
I don’t have an eta, hopefully @crofty can give you an estimate. You should find the laser cutter page on our wiki and have a read through. It should answer most of your questions This advice also applies to all tools/machinery you’d like to use.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77684
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Page 1 of 1
Extra Found Files Problem in V7.7 but not v6.3
Posted: Mon Aug 03, 2015 2:35 pm
by viking
The issue with "Extra Found Files has still not been been 100% resolved (see this post: ... 76-20.html ).
In version 6.3.153957, I see several deleted directories and files in the path: Root\RecoveryBin\In Progress
However, in version 7.7.159222, those directories and files are in a $$$ folder under "Extra Found Files"
p.s. "RecoveryBin" is a folder created by Condusive Undelete (it replaces the recycle bin:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77685
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The Community Forums
Interact with an entire community of cPanel & WHM users!
How to make spam assassin run on different servers?
Discussion in 'General Discussion' started by DBJoshua, Apr 4, 2008.
1. DBJoshua
DBJoshua Active Member
Jun 7, 2007
Likes Received:
Trophy Points:
I've seen a few hosting companies do this, and I was curious as well. Basically, all SpamAssassin functions run on its own dedicated server, rather than on the same web/email/etc.. server. This would reduce usage considerably.
How is it done, and is it easy to implement?
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77692
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July 4, 1987
Save & Share
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), 1935-. "July 4, 1987," H.2 Actions of the Board, Its Staff, and the Federal Reserve Banks; Applications and Reports Received (July 4, 1987). https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1284/item/534450, accessed on December 15, 2018.
More Information
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77695
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We will be doing a separate channel exclusively for 2015 Topps Series 1 Baseball ! We will feature case breaks, box breaks, and mixers running the gambit of all of the boxes, parallel's , inserts, SP's, and variations etc. for the product. Below are some of the variations that we will be hunting for in our boxes! Please view the AWESOME SELL SHEET HERE
Clear Parallel's = hobby only
Target Parallel's + blaster patches = Target blaster boxes only
Walmart Parallel's + blaster patches = Walmart blaster boxes only
Rainbow Foil = 1:10 packs
Gold = numbered to 2015
Snow Camo = numbered to 99
Black = numbered to 64
Pink = numbered to 50
Printing Plates = 1/1
Platinum = 1/1
Framed Parallel's = 1 per case
+ so many more SP, VARIATIONS, ETC.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77721
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How to Do Dips at Home
by Marie Mulrooney
If you're lucky enough to have dip bars on your home gym, you can do regular dips, using only your arm strength to press your body up and down between the bars. But if you're not strong enough to do full dips yet, or if you don't have the advantage of dip bars but still want to work your triceps, you can still do another dip variation at home. This style, known as bench dips, allows you to use your legs as little or as much as you need to help you complete each repetition.
Step 1
Sit on the edge of a bench or a wide, firm-edged chair. You can also do this exercise off the edge of a bed or a chair with a soft forward edge, but the exercise is easier using a firmer surface.
Step 2
Place your hands on either side of your hips, fingers lapping forward over the edge of the seat. Plant both feet on the floor and scoot your hips forward off the seat.
Step 3
Bend your arms, lowering your body. Keep your torso upright, hips as close to the bench as possible. Use your arm muscles as brakes to control your descent, helping out with your legs only as necessary to keep the movement under control.
Step 4
Stop when your shoulders are level with your elbows, or just before. Your elbows should stay directly over your hands throughout the movement; this helps keep your body close to the bench.
Step 5
Straighten your arms, pressing yourself back up to the start position. Again, use your legs to help out as necessary, but focus on powering as much of the movement as possible with your arms.
Items you will need
• Bench or wide, firm-edged chair
• Weight plate or dumbbell (optional)
• Some so-called "door gyms" or leverage-mount pullup bars also double as dip bars. You use them the same way you use a bench for dips, but because these "dip bars" rest on the floor and only elevate your body a few inches, they offer only partial range of motion. You're better off using a bench or the edge of the bed; it's free and offers a more complete range of motion.
• If you're ready for a more difficult variation, elevate your feet on another bench or chair, or carry a weight plate or dumbbell in your lap.
• Consult a doctor before starting a new exercise routine, particularly if you have an injury or health condition.
Photo Credits:
• Hemera Technologies/ Images
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77723
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Amadeus Consulting Discusses Do It Yourself App Programming
Another issue is software support. Since your tools are limited, supporting and troubleshooting your application can be very difficult, and it can be a very manual and time consuming task to find and fix bugs. This makes it a very unwise choice for commercial applications (such as creating an app to sell, or a website to promote your business and engage your customers), but can still be suitable for more personal use.
In terms of helping you learn programming, requiring you to find and fix bugs can be very helpful, as you must learn and understand what is going on. But for people looking to quickly create something useful, this can be time consuming and frustrating.
Also listed under “the bad” is the over-estimation of what you can build with little or no programming experience. These tools allow you to build the core framework of very basic applications, with strict limitations on the features you can include (although some allow elements to be added at the code level, but that requires an amount of expertise). What many users find missing is the ability to manage the final look and feel of an application, which can be almost as important as the functionality of an application.
Do-it-yourself programming tools can be a great way to learn and experiment, but require a lot of learning and have many limitations which restrict your ability to create professional-quality applications.
As a custom software development company based in Boulder, Colorado, we are often asked if these types of tools are a threat to our core business. The answer: definitely not. These tools help people better understand the time and expertise required to make quality applications, and they help build interest in the technology itself.
Many people and small companies are interested in do-it-yourself options because they hope it will save money over hiring someone else to do it. However, there are many other options that may be better suited to commercial needs, that wont break the bank. Some of these include semi-custom websites, and simple mobile apps which are designed from a prebuilt template, but then customized to fit a specific need.
These other options can also benefit from customization by experienced programmers, which can help ensure that it meets all of your needs and can be easily expanded as your company grows. One example of this is the Virtuoso Website Builder and Support which offers not only customized websites, but also 24/7 support, cloud hosting, SEO, and many other benefits. The sites are based off common templates but still benefit from an entirely customized look and feel. This saves time and money without reducing quality.
As a custom software company, we appreciate anything that helps people understand technology and become a part of the creation process. As people continue to imagine and experiment, we will continue to specialize in helping people translate those dreams into reality.
Java Programming Training Toronto Brampton Canada
COURSE NAME: JAVA (Advanced) Skills Upgrade Program
Meals Hosting server Resume
Article IT Outsourcing, Dedicated Server Hosting, Data Center, Colocation
Keep Those Back Injuries At Bay With The Sl500 Server Lift
Programming Representational State Transfer (REST)
REST (representational state transfer) is a process for getting information content from a Web site by reading a designated Web page that contains an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file that describes and includes the feasible content. For example, REST could be used by an online publisher to make syndicated content available. Periodically, the publisher would prepare and activate a Web page that included content and XML statements that described the content. Subscribers would need only to know the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for the page where the XML file was located, read it with a Web browser, interpret the content data using the XML information, and reformat and use it appropriately (perhaps in some form of online publication). Now question is that why doesn’t the REST programming section include any code? It is largely because REST is more about a mindset rather than code, more about design than implementation.It may look simple, but there are few vital points to keep in mind while developing applications in the REST style. Think about the business problem in respect of resource manipulation rather than Application programming interface design. Enabling web services requires making data available for use by applications without knowing ahead of time exactly how that data will be used. Start by modeling the persistent resources that is to be exposed. There must have a single, unambiguous, authoritative identity within a system in order to identify all the conceptual entities that the system exposes as resources and to assign a unique URL to each of them. In case of temporary resource you should be very careful if you plan to use them only as a temporary resource. Publicly exposed resources should be sorted out that are immutable by the client and those are mutable. Putting and deleting should be used in appropriate manner. Proper methods should be implemented that will allow both sender and receiver to make the absolute minimum of assumptions as to the other’s state.Single logical operation should not be implemented when there are multiple requests. Applications that need to be expects, accepts and returns should be properly documented. A good specification of the representational schema of both mutable and immutable resources with a formal mechanism should be there (for example, XML Schema, DTD, Schematron, or RelaxNG). There should be a proper description and documentation of the resources that can be accessed by using a “gradual unfolding methodology” to expose data for clients. Proper linking to other related resources in every representation to enable clients to drill down for more information should be there.You should know how to use the software to setup a server that can do content negotiation, authentication, authorization, compression, caching, vacuuming and house cleaning. A proper abstractions should be there so the implementation can be carried out in a good way. If there is abstractions then it can survive the storm of change from different implementations and new technologies. Representational State Transfer REST Architecture
An Efficient Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Restore Database Tool
Problem in hard drive
Improper system shutdown
Virus attack or Trojan infection
Software or hardware malfunctioning
Low disk space available while the working of SQL Server
The file *.mdf is missing and needs to restore
Server can’t find the requested database table
PageId in the page header = (0:0)
The process could not execute ‘sp_replcmds’ on server
Dish Network International Programming Package
Who will want to opt for dish international channels?
What do the international packages offer to you?
Dish TV Pay per View Programming
The Free SMTP Server is the shape of things to come
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77725
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Java Constraint Solver to solve vehicle routing, employee rostering, task assignment, conference scheduling and other planning problems.
Clone or download
Quick development start
To build and run from source:
$ mvn clean install -DskipTests
$ cd optaplanner-examples
$ mvn exec:java
To develop with IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse or NetBeans, open the root pom.xml as a new project and configure a Run/Debug configuration like this:
• Type: Application
• Main class:
• VM options: -Xmx2G -server (memory only needed when using the big datasets in the examples)
• Program arguments: (none)
• Working directory: $MODULE_DIR$ (must resolve to optaplanner-examples directory)
• Use classpath of module: optaplanner-examples
Starter issues
If you’re just starting out with OptaPlanner and want to contribute, take a look at our starter issues. They’re specifically chosen to be easier for first time contributors.
Developing Drools, OptaPlanner and jBPM
Definition of Done
To consider any individual ticket "Done", following requirements must be satisfied:
1. Every change must go through PR; source code of both the feature/bugfix and its tests have been reviewed.
2. Documentation (if applicable) exists and has been reviewed.
3. There is test coverage proving the feature works and tests are passing.
In order to avoid introducing unstable features, the PR will be merged only after these points have been fulfilled. For PRs contributed by community the core team will assist with making the functionality meet these conditions.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77755
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Our curated picks for software products that are sure to tickle your fancy.
Geographic Data Visualization with Mapbox
Visualizing Geodata with Mapbox's API and Tools
There's a trend among those using Jupyter Notebooks (or equivalent) which leads me to believe humanity is coming to an important realization: Google Maps, as an API is expensive.
Regardless if Google maps is embedded as a consumer-facing widget, or part of a routine data-pipeline, a single surge of high-traffic can leave enterprises with price tags in the hundreds of
Data Vis Author imageTodd Birchard Author image
toddDec 15
Dec 11
Hacking and Hustling: Full User Auth Without Writing Code
Weasle your way through coding by exploiting freemium software
The midlife crisis is a striking phenomenon common and equally inescapable to all of us. I’m fairly certain I’ve come to a turning point in my life where I too must admit I will never be cool again. I know this because I check Product Hunt on a daily basis, and I thoroughly enjoy it.
I’d estimate
MySQL, Google Cloud, and a REST API that Generates Itself
Deploy a MySQL database that auto-creates endpoints for itself.
It wasn’t too long ago that I haphazardly forced us down a journey of exploring Google Cloud’s cloud SQL service. The focus of this exploration was Google’s accompanying REST API for all of its cloud SQL instances. That API turned out to be a relatively disappointing administrative API which did little to extend the features you’d
MySQL Author imageTodd Birchard Author image
toddDec 15
Oct 23
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77770
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There may a conflict on your network, please try restarting your modem, router, network and computer first. Check that connections aren't loose, such as antennas or ethernet cables. Test different cables with all ports on the router/modem connecting to the computer for connection. Use a reputable malware/virus scanning application and attempt a full system scan with all scanning options enabled before continuing on to the next step.
Try removing any saved connections from your list of known networks:
If you're still having issues please copy and run the following commands in an elevated command prompt:
If needed please restart after running each command
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /registerdns
netsh winsock reset
If running these commands does not resolve the issue, check your time/date settings to make sure it is up to date. Last thing to try is reinstalling your network/Wi-Fi drivers.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77773
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Trinity Church
Nestled in the village of Berwyn, PA, a suburb outside of Philadelphia, is Trinity Presbyterian Church. Elisabeth feels tremendously blessed to serve as Trinity’s pastor.
view of stained glassTrinity is home to a very special congregation, roughly 200 people in number. At Trinity, you might not find the bells and whistles of a huge church. What you do discover, though, is a church family. Real, honest to goodness people who are there for each other through thick and thin. Loving yet imperfect people who, like so many of us, are just trying to make the world a better place.
Trinity seeks to serve the community of which it is a part. It accomplishes this in part through its Caring Cupboard which gives groceries once a month to over 35 local families, its annual 5K Run/Walk and Pancake Breakfast, a very active Mental Health and Addiction Ministry, Spotlight Concerts which feature outstanding musicians, and seasonal family events including Trunk-or-Treat, an Easter Egg Hunt, a Christmas Pageant and Advent Party, and Vacation Bible School.
If you’re ever in the Berwyn area, stop by sometime. Worship is held every Sunday at 10:00 a.m. Come as you are, and start off your week alongside other people of faith.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77801
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FAQ for Rebus Render Farm and Software | RebusFarm
What are the advantages of the RebusFarm 2.0 software?
Plugin controlled
The RebusFarm 2.0 software is a completely new approach to submitting render jobs to a render farm. In contrast to all previous systems, the render job is sent from inside your 3D application. Thanks to our one-click-technology you don't need to quit your 3D software, and you hardly notice a difference between rendering locally and rendering on the render farm. The only difference is that rendering large projects on the render farm is a couple of hundred times faster.
Compatibility check and adjustments
The RebusFarm 2.0 software examines your project inside your 3D application for possible conflicts, thereby guaranteeing a much higher compatibility to the render farm than to other solutions. The intelligent plugin normally enables your project to be rendered on the render farm with no changes whatsoever.
Which are 3D applications supported by the RebusFarm 2.0 software?
Please see our Render Farm Specs page for further information.
What plugins are supported?
All of the most commonly used plugins are supported by Rebus. A list of all plugins would be too long, and hard to update. That's why the RebusFarm 2.0 software takes care of that and gives you an error message in case your scene uses a plugin not supported by RebusFarm. If this should happen just contact our support.
A rough overview: VrayScatter, Multiscatter; Autograss, color correct, Realflow, Blur Studio Plug´s, Ivy, ForestPro, m4d and dozens more.
How to remove a plugin from my scene?
That's indeed difficult. Try to bake or cache your geometry to file. Collapse the modifier stacks. If that doesn't succeed, remove the plugin from your PC, restart your 3D application and "merge" the scene into a fresh new one.
For 3dsmax you can try this script: http://scripts.breidt.net/#removeMissingPlugins
Where is my invoice?
By default, RebusFarm generates invoices 3 days after last payment. If you do another payment within 3 days the counter restarts and you´ll get one invoice including all your payments.
My invoice has wrong address/details
Just go to "My Rebus" and correct your profile, save your profile and go to invoices. Behind each invoice is a little "R" - press it and the PDF will be regenerated using the new profile details.
I can't open the invoice that was sent to me by mail
Some email providers corrupt the PDF on delivery - just go to "My Rebus" and find your invoice
Why do I have a watermark on my output?
If you use your free trial points to render, your output will have a watermark on it. After purchasing at least 10 RenderPoints (just for the first payment) the RebusDrop application will restart your download automatically and you receive your output without the watermark. Afterwards all your renderings will be without the watermark right away.
Why do I have negative RenderPoints?
If you run out of RenderPoints during rendering, we pause your job but let all active PCs finish the frame they are currently rendering. It doesn't make sense to stop an image which is nearly completed.
Imagine the very worst case: your image is 99% finished and your RenderPoints run out. If we stop rendering immediately you lose your render, all RenderPoints and a lot of time! That's why we carry on rendering.
I can't connect to RebusFarm
There can be several causes. The most common cause is the firewall. Open port 443, 21, 22, 80 and 8080 (for UDP) to IP and (simply disable it for a quick connection test to make sure the firewall is the reason).
If you use a proxy server, you have to setup RebusDrop to use your proxy server in the RebusDrop preferences.
I can't install the Cinema 4D Plugin to my MAC
You don't have write permission for your Cinema plugin folder (if you copy a random file to the folder you get a permission popup). Make sure you set permissions to user and system for the Cinema folder as well as the plugin folder. Open the "information" for your C4D folder by pressing "cmd + i". Change the settings to "read and write" for all subfolders of the parent folder. After that, you can install the plugin.
What's Ghz hour?
If one P4 CPU of 1 core and 1 GHz render for 1 hour, that equals 1 Ghz hour.
How much will my rendering cost?
That's the big question that no one can answer for sure. Since RebusFarm doesn't know your scene we can't give an accurate quote in advance.
Rendering is a step by step process and lots of little things like displacement, scene size, particles, fur and much more can affect the rendering process. During rendering, we update the job costs in real time and you can see the situation live. We recommend using our online cost calculator. Input your PC details and your render time per image. If you do not know the time yet make the best guess! If you have 2m44sec on your PC input 3 min instead to have a "buffer" in the estimate.
Make sure you can render frames on your PC! Do not "send and hope".
I have a big print size image - can rebus help?
Yes, we can - we use 100pc to render your image.
More information Ok
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77827
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ISTQB Certified Agile Tester
What will you achieve?
• The skills necessary to test effectively within an Agile team.
• Be able to assess quality risks and estimate user stories.
• Know how to validate testable acceptance criteria.
• The ability to apply the principles of Scrum and Agile within your own workplace.
• Knowing how Agile projects differ from traditional projects and how to manage the testing lifecycle in a way that supports Agile.
• The knowledge to take and pass the ISTQB Agile Tester Extension exam following this course.
What will you learn?
Testing with TDD, ADD and BDD
Agile Theory and Principles
Cross-functional, Self-organizing Teams
Collaborative User Story Creation
Exploratory Testing & Regression Risk
Course Prerequisites?
Book your place
Bookings are no longer available for this event.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77829
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Indie game storeFree gamesFun gamesHorror games
Game developmentAssetsComics
A jam entry
Phantom Hack Demo Day 9View game page »
Phantom Hack demo for AGDG Demo Day 9
Submitted by with 1 day, 20 hours before the deadline
Play game
Visit Phantom Hack Demo Day 9's game page
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77840
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The seven health benefits of protein
Protein is one of the three macronutrients (nutrients that we need in large amounts for energy). The two that we eat in the largest quantities are fats and carbohydrates. I am not suggesting that you go on a diet of chicken breasts and pea protein, however there are some amazing benefits to eating a little more. Even if you are on a high protein diet to get the health benefits of protein you should focus on eating a large amount of other nutrient dense foods so that you get a good range of nutrients and remember not to over do it as you should get the majority of your energy from healthy fats and lower-glycemic carbohydrates.
1) Protein boosts your metabolic rate.
One gram of protein holds four calories of energy. This is roughly the same as the energy density of carbohydrate, however the human body isn’t very efficient at using the energy from protein. This causes a “thermic effect” which burns up 25-30% of the energy from protein before your body can even use it. If you consume 200 calories from protein rather than carbohydrate then you will be absorbing 50-60 less calories. Also holding muscle raises your metabolic rate as well and people who eat a higher protein diet tend to have more muscle mass than those who consume less protein.
2) It helps you maintain bone and muscle mass.
Protein is necessary for maintaining bone density and muscle mass. Each amino acid is a building block of muscle and a low protein intake has been associated with a higher risk of bone fractures and having a lower bone density. However, it is important to note that if you eat too much animal protein then there is some evidence that suggests your body could excrete some calcium. If you are eating enough calcium (which most people are) then this should not be an issue.
3) It keeps you full for longer.
Protein is extremely satiating. Nobody is sure why yet, however there have been many studies where people have gone into labs after fasting and have had their levels of hunger tracked for a period after being given different types of food to eat. Protein was found to be extremely effective in reducing hunger levels for a long period afterwards. If combined with fibre and some healthy fats you are much less likely to have a crash of energy afterwards.
4) It can help stabilize blood sugar levels.
Exactly how protein stabilizes glucose levels in the blood is not yet fully understood however one theory suggests that because protein takes longer to be converted into usable energy than carbohydrates or fats do it slows down the rate at which all of the energy (even the energy from fats and carbohydrates) that has been consumed is absorbed.
In all non diabetics protein only causes a very small rise in blood sugar levels because insulin is released to slow the gluconeogenesis process (the process in which energy from amino acids is turned into glucose energy that the body can use).
There is also some evidence that when high quality protein is eaten a hormone called glucagon is released which stimulates the production of glucose and that this process is responsible for the stable glucose level and high energy levels that protein rich foods often give you.
5) It helps slow the deterioration of bone and muscle mass as you grow older.
As you grow older your bone density and muscle mass are likely to come down which can eventually lead to issues in older age. A lower muscle mass will also lead to a lower metabolic rate and low levels of strength; a lower bone density could lead to a higher risk of fractures. A higher protein intake has been directly associated with a lower risk of fractures in men and this is likely to be the same in women.
6) It can help improve your mood.
Due to the fact that protein stabilizes blood sugar levels you are likely to have a high level of energy which will in turn boost your mood. However, some people will still get “hangry” at some point if they don’t consume it with a low glycemic carbohydrate (like quinoa or sweet potato). You have to experiment with your diet and see what foods keep you full and gives you the most energy.
7) It helps keep your brain sharp.
Protein is absolutely vital for brain health as brain cells communicate with chemical messages known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters are made from amino acids (which are the different types of proteins), therefore if you don’t have enough protein in your diet your brain health and cognitive function could become compromised.
Related Articles:
Protein: How much is too much? What is just right? And what is not enough?
23 thoughts on “The seven health benefits of protein
1. Hi, found your link on First Friday, nice to meet you!
I am such a health nut, so this sort of thing is really handy to know. Did not know it increased metabolism, now we’re talking! Does it have to be animal protein, or do lentils etc do the same?
I thought this was very professionally written with great structured titles throughout. You’ve got the makings of a great blog with a wide readership! Great piece, thanks for sharing!
Liked by 1 person
1. Thanks. I don’t think it has to be animal protein but animal protein sources tend to be more dense in protein than plant sources so due to the fact that there is more in an animal source the thermic effect will increase
Liked by 1 person
1. Thanks! You are clearly quite knowledgeable on these matters. Are you a dietitian by any chance? I tend to lean towards lentils, but haven’t entirely cut out meat.
2. thanks, I’m only 13 but am really interested in health and fitness. I started writing because the internet is so full of nonsense when it comes to a healthy diet because people are just going into it to make money
Liked by 1 person
3. Wowee! Only thirteen. I would have guessed a lot older. You write really well, so I am really pleased you have started a blog. There is a wonderful community on here and I am certain you ill find many like-minded individuals to share thoughts with. Thank you so much for sharing your blog. You are a legend – wow! You’re incredible!
Liked by 1 person
4. I’ve followed you. Are there any articles you would like me to write because I’m running low on ideas at the moment
5. You are just amazing!
I am lactose intolerant. If you can think of any diet ideas to circumnavigate, that would be great. Met a number if people on here who are also lactose intolerant and would appreciate the input. We all take lactose tablets when we want to eat the good stuff like ice cream and cheese 😂🤣😂 we are overmedicating most likely. Would love your insight!
6. I’m slightly lactose intolerant as well, I’ll do some research and tell you when I’ve written something.😀
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77841
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Jahed Ahmed Software, Games
Enforcing Retention Policies on AWS S3
With the recent rush for GDPR compliance, services are becoming more aware of the amount of data they hold and if it's really necessary to have all of it.
Application logs contain a variety of historical data coming from both users and third-parties, making it extremely useful when running reports and to monitor production behaviour. However, after a certain period, the burden of responsibility will begin to outweigh the usefulness of the data. Once that point is reached, it's best to shed that responsibility.
A common way to store logs is to put them on AWS S3. But, without the proper configuration, those logs will remain there indefinitely. You could manually delete objects or set an expiry when they're uploaded but there's an even more convenient solution built into S3: Lifecycle Rules.
At Unruly we use Terraform to provision our AWS resources. So, I'll be showing how you can do the same to enforce your retention policies. Before continuing, you'll need to familiarise yourself with Terraform's basics.
Read more
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Internet technologies lecture
6 minute read
As part of a “Computing Everywhere” course organized by Jeremy Birnholtz, I ran a two-hour lecture on Internet technologies with two different groups of students. Overall, I think that the classes went well, and I wanted to reflect a little bit about it, and make my materials available for anyone wanting to teach a similar class. The goal was to give students an intuitive understanding of the technologies that underpin the internet, and how they relate to security, privacy, etc.
Here are my slides, an instruction sheet, and my proposal (pdf) (tex).
The whole class was built around a message passing activity which my advisor Aaron Shaw uses in his undergraduate class. The basic idea is that a few students are “users”, a few are servers (e.g., Facebook and Instagram), and the rest of the students in the middle are routers.
As students filed in, I made sure that they sat as close together as possible to make a dense network. I then assigned users and servers at the edges of the class, such that the most direct routes would cross each other.
Packet routing / IP
For the initial activity, users cut up memes into small squares, which they then had to get to a server using envelopes. They addressed them, and routers passed them where they needed to go.
I then made a few routers malicious - one would pass things the wrong way, and the other would conspicuously throw packets onto the floor. This set us up to talk about how IP addresses are very similar to street addresses, and help routers know where to send packets. We also talked about decentralization and the ability to avoid problems without top-down control or knowledge.
I had students talk in groups about the weaknesses of our original simulation, and how a system of envelopes and messages might solve them. They came up with some good ideas, which were very similar to TCP. I explained that TCP is a layer that sits above IP, where packets are numbered, and servers send “I got #X” messages back after every packet is received. We ran the simulation again, but for this and future runs we just had one user and one server participate. Note: in the second session, I switched which user and server participated in each run, which worked better and kept students more engaged. At this point I also showed the students Wireshark. I started sniffing packets while I downloaded a cat meme, and showed how the image was broken into packets, and how ACKs were received.
Server-side security
Again, I had students think about vulnerabilities of the system. At this point, we talked about how anyone could send packets pretending to be you. We talked about how authentication works - you send a username and password, and the server sends back a cookie, which you then include in all future messages (the “cookie” was a picture of a cookie).
At this point, I introduced two new nefarious nodes: a hacker and a spy. The hacker replaced the image you were trying to upload with her own image, and the spy took notes about who was sending what to whom. This helped students to recognize a huge flaw in the system - rogue routers can very easily impersonate even authenticated users.
SSL with locks and boxes
To explain SSL, I pulled out a box and two locks, each with two keys, and asked the students to discuss in groups how they might send messages securely with these tools, where “securely” means knowing 1) who sent the packet and 2) that no one else viewed or changed it, even though neither the user nor the server can control the path that a packet takes.
Think about it yourself for a moment, and try to figure it out. It’s trickier than it sounds.
This is the part of the lesson I was most proud of, and most nervous about. I was really impressed that in both sessions the students pretty much figured it out. As they explored their ideas, I would have them try them out in the simulation, and talk through it together. In the end, we talked about how SSL works:
1. The server makes available a box with a unlocked Lock 1 on it, and keeps both keys (We didn’t talk about certificates here, but could have).
2. The user keeps one key to Lock 2, and puts in Lock 2 and the other key to Lock 2 in the box
3. The user puts a message with their username and password in the box
4. The user locks the box with Lock 1, and sends it back to the server. This works because only the server has the key to Lock 1, so no one else can intercept the box en route. The authentication message lets them know who sent the message and Lock 2.
5. The server removes the key to Lock 2, puts a cookie in the box, and replaces Lock 1 with Lock 2 and locks it.
6. The user opens Lock 2 with their key, and now both the user and the server can send messages back and forth in a box locked with a lock that only they can open.
Proxies, VPN, and Tor
While SSL stopped the hacker, we talked about a final technical vulnerability - the spy can no longer see message content, but can still see who is sending messages to whom. We talked about how proxies, VPN, and Tor each work in different ways to try to solve that problem by hiding the user’s identity. We did one final simulation of Tor + SSL + cookies, and showed that we pretty well solved the vulnerabilities that we had identified. I also showed them the Tor browser, and talked about the weaknesses (speed, many sites don’t trust Tor exit nodes, IP address is unpredictable).
Finally, we talked about how most of the Internet’s current security problems (spam, stolen credit card info, etc.) are at a higher level in the stack - they are human problems, caused by phishing or people choosing weak passwords.
Overall, it was a really fun lecture. The students that I had were super great and interested in the topic, and the activities were really fun. Please feel free to use any and all of my materials; I’d love to hear if you do!
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Oh David!: A Pocket Library: David Shannon
Children's Literacy and Reading News Roundup: Mid-October Edition
Star Bright Photoflaps Books: Cheryl Christian
Books: Where Does It Go?, Where's the Baby?, and How Many?
Author: Cheryl Christian (with photos in Where's the Baby by Laura Dwight)
Pages: 12 per book
Age Range: 0 to 3
Star Bright Books sent me three board books from their Photoflaps series (Where Does It Go?, Where's the Baby?, and How Many? ). These books have been around for a while, but I just discovered them. In my mind, these are perfect for toddlers. They have photos of children, ordinary objects, and animals. And they have easy to lift flaps on every page-spread.
B0157Where Does It Go? shows a baby and an object (diaper, shoe, etc.) on each page, and asks repeatedly "Where does it go?" The photo below the flap shows the answer (e.g. baby wearing diaper). The babies are all rather white-skinned in this one (which is not typical of Star Bright's books), but I like that one of the babies shown appears to be developmentally disabled. I like the quiet inclusion of this, without comment.
B0146Where's the Baby? shows an item (toy, etc) and a location (high chair, playpen, etc.) on each page spread. Each pair is introduced ("Here's the baby's apple. Here's the high chair.") and then we have the common refrain, familiar to parents everywhere: "Where's the baby?" Below the flap, of course, we see the baby in the high chair holding the apple, and so on. This one is a bit more multi-ethnic than Where Does It Go, and certainly features universal themes.
B0126How Many? is the most of fun, and the most educational, of the three, featuring both animals and counting. On each page we have some number of animals, plus, on the facing page, one more of the same animal. The text asks the child how many there are total. Then below the flap we see the animals together, and the number (e.g. "3 Three puppies!") The animals are all charming and kid-friendly (rabbits, ducks, kittens). Baby Bookworm turned again and again to the page with four bunnies, plus one more bunny. She especially seemed to like that some of the rabbits were white and some dark-colored.
There's not a lot of text to these books. You're not going to read them aloud to lull your child to sleep. But they are nice for interactive, educational play for toddlers. They have photos. They have babies, toys, and animals. And they have flaps. What more could anyone ask? Well, ok, I could maybe ask for the pages to be a bit thicker. The flaps are not as sturdy as, say, those in the DK Peekaboo series, and I foresee the need for scotch tape. But that's in part because I see this series getting a lot of use around our house. The Photoflaps books would make a great first or second birthday gift. Recommended.
Note: versions of these books are also available in other languages (Chinese, Russian, Haitian Creole, etc.)
Publisher: Star Bright Books
Publication Date: 2001
Source of Book: Review copies from the publisher
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JobScheduler Calendars allow a standard working week to be combined with dates that regularly occur and dates such as national and other holidays to form an accurate representation of a complex business year.
The use case described in this article shows how such a combination may be configured within a single Working Day Calendar:
• a basic Monday to Saturday working week is defined as an Included Frequency and
• National Holidays and regularly occurring days are defined as Excluded Frequencies and are "removed" from the basic working week.
Note that the advantages and disadvantages of using a single Working Day Calendar - as described here - in comparison with using separate Working and Non-Working Day calendars have already been described in the Calendar Use Cases - Managing Working Day Calendars article.
Article Scope
This article describes how to configure a basic calendars and builds on the first two use case articles in which the configuration procedure was described in detail:
Feature Availability
The Calendar feature is introduced with JobScheduler FEATURE AVAILABILITY STARTING FROM RELEASE 1.12
This article has been written assuming that a Job Chain and Order has already been configured in a demo/end2end/ folder in the JobScheduler Master's config/live/ folder and that the Calender will be assigned to the Order.
Calendar Configuration
The configuration is implemented within a single Working Day Calendar, Valid From 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019, and is summarized in the following table:
Frequency TypeFrequencyValid FromValid To
IncludedBasic business week: Monday to Saturday--
ExcludedNational Holidays 2017--
ExcludedNational Holidays 2018--
ExcludedNational Holidays 2019--
ExcludedLast Saturday in Month for August to mid-November 20181st Aug 201818th Nov 2018
The following screenshots will summarize the main configuration stages required for the different components - called Frequencies - in the Calendar. Step-by-step descriptions of the individual configuration stages can be found in the two Calendar Use Cases - Managing Working Day ... articles that are linked in the Introduction.
Basic Calendar Configuration
Calendar configuration takes place in the JOC Cockpit's Resources/Calendars view.
The modal window for the basic Calendar configuration information is opened by clicking the add Calendar button in the Resources/Calendars view and will appear as shown in the next screenshot:
Add Business Week Included Frequency
The Monday to Saturday basic business week frequency is added with the Included Frequency tab of the Create Calendar window selected as shown in the previous screenshot. After configuration, the Frequency will appear as shown below:
Add National Holidays Excluded Frequencies
Select the Excluded Frequencies Tab in the Create Calendar window and then add the national holidays, each year forming a separate frequency. In this use case German public holidays are being configured, as shown in the next screenshot:
The Create Calender window will appear as shown once the three Holiday Frequencies have been added:
Last Saturday in Month for three Months
The Specific Weekdays tab is used to configure frequencies such as the last Saturday in the Month and allows a validity period to be set as shown:
The Excluded Frequencies tab will appear as shown in the next screenshot once the four excluded frequencies have been added:
Note that once configured, it is possible to identify National Holidays by the Year and to easily add, edit and delete individual years. However, it is not possible to note the the country which the holidays are for and to separate identify, for example, German and French Holidays for the same year.
Calendar Preview
The final Calendar can now be checked once the frequencies have been specified by clicking the Show Preview button in the Create Calendar modal window as shown above.
The Calendar itself will appear as shown in the next screenshot:
The included frequency days are shown in blue and the excluded frequency days are in orange. This allows the last Saturdays in the months of August to November to be readily identified, along with the National Holidays. The select box at the top right of the window, which is showing All Frequencies in the screenshot above, can be used to show a preview for individual frequencies if required.
Order Run-time Configuration
Assigning the Calendar to an Order
The Calendar is assigned to an Order - in this case order_cal-001 - in the Set Run-time modal window, which is opened by from the Additional Options (ellipsis symbol) menu in the Job Chains or Orders views.
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In a wide-ranging interview with Mass Live, The Who's lead singer Roger Daltrey appears to spill the beans on The Who: Rock Band coming out next year.
Near the tail-end of the four-page interview, the site mentions The Beatles: Rock Band to Daltrey, who cuts straight to the bean spilling.
We've reached out to Harmonix for comment on this, but given their seemingly close relationship with The Who, it doesn't seem like a stretch to think they might make a standalone game with the band.
One catch is that The Who discography, with 27 top forty singles from 11 studio albums and nine live albums, isn't quite as deep as The Beatles' which includes 12 to 27 studio albums (depending on how you count them) and two live albums.
Update: According to a Rock Band spokesperson, "We're working closely with The Who on what's next, but don't have anything new to announce at this time."
Daltrey opens up on singing, life [Mass Live, thanks Pete]
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Social theory and the sex work empowerment-exploitation debate
0883d1df10dbe2ef35accf45441f7109--hook-quotes-quotes-quotesThe debate of whether sex work is a location of empowered choice or patriarchal domination is currently a key argument within the human trafficking movement, particularly related to legislative campaigns to legalize prostitution in the United States. My research focuses on state-level commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) policy and many of my qualitative interview participants have shared stories of sex workers rights activists increased involvement in state legislative processes to promote legalizing prostitution. I do not seek to come to any specific conclusions or stance in this post; rather, my intention is to utilize this forum to explore this highly-contested topic.
The human trafficking movement situates the sex industry within the larger context of the subjugation of women within patriarchy. It is argued this subjectivity drains sex workers of the agency required to make the cultural and structural changes necessary for personal and political freedom. Critics of sex work as an empowered job state the sex industry (including sex work, pornography, stripping) argue the sex trade is predicated on a patriarchal culture where women are oppressed and subordinate (Brace and O’Connell Davidson 2000).
Conversely, proponents of sex work as a chosen occupation refute the notion that they are subjects, and position sex work as being by harmed by the anti-trafficking movement, which situates them as victims with no agency. “The central claim is that workers do not actively make choices or remain in prostitution…the notion of consent is deemed irrelevant, and activists have pressed governments to criminalize all such migration [for sex work], whether consensual or not” (Weitzer 2007: 453). Such criminalization, sex workers’ rights activists argue, then make sex workers vulnerable to exploitation and violence because they have no rights when harm is done against them (i.e. being raped, physically assaulted, or robbed by a sex buyer) (Brace and O’Connell Davidson 2000). As such, these activists advocate legalizing prostitution as a way to legitimize and normalize a person’s right to choose sex work and to keep sex workers safe (McClelland 2016).
Taking all of these issues into account, the central contest regarding sex work seems to be a power struggle of who gets to decide how the issue is framed, rather than arguing over if a person can choose to be a sex worker or if sex work should be decriminalized. The very ideation of power and control that surrounds prostitution sex trafficking can then, therefore, be seen as ingrained in the very movement hoping to end exploitation. A larger contention may be individual sex workers deemed victims by the anti-trafficking movement, but do not experience themselves as objectified, are then also marginalized by the very feminists who seek women’s liberation then sex workers see themselves as even more vulnerable to within the larger culture.
If feminists who purport to advocate for women to make their own choices are against sex work, then who is left to stand up with sex workers? This very power struggle reflects the feminist debate regarding to a Foucauldian conception of power as a relational, subjective force, rather than a singular notion belonging to an individual capable of challenging and altering gendered power relations (McLaren 2002).
Locating the empowerment-victim debate to a place of power over who has the authority to deem is a person is empowered or a victim is a departure of the current framing of this debate. The centerpiece of the issue has historically been the legalization of prostitution. A 2016 New York Magazine article on this topic (see magazine cover above) states, “For both sides, the issue boils down to whether decriminalization makes women safe” (McLelland 2016: 40). Body politics – and keeping one’s body safe – is a particularly key concept within the empowerment-exploitation debate. Within a patriarchal society predicated on domination and control, particularly of women’s bodies, the ability to choose of who decides what one chooses to do with one’s own body is the ultimate liberation.
Classical sociologist Max Weber’s conception of rationality and power addresses this issue of choice when he writes, “Every genuine form of domination implies a minimum of voluntary compliance, that is, an interest (based on ulterior motives or genuine acceptance) in obedience” (1978: 212). An illuminating quote trauma pioneer Judith Herman used in the second edition of her landmark book Father-Daughter Incest (2000) further clarifies Weber’s statement. The quote is from Richard Kluft’s chapter “On the Apparent Invisibility of Incest” (1990) and relates a pimp’s description of an “ideal” prostitute.
Beauty, yes. Sexual expertise, somewhat. That can be taught easier than you think. What is important above all is obedience. And how do you get obedience? You get obedience if you get women who have had sex with their fathers, their uncles, their brothers—you know, someone they love and fear to lose so you do not dare to defy” (25).
The fear of loss of love is an integral force within the interplay of dominance, control, and obedience. Additionally, as the title of chapter suggests, these dynamics of violence and obedience are seemingly invisible, thus complicating the notion of a person’s apparent “free will” to walk away from a damaging situation. Kluft (and the pimp) suggests choice manifests from fear of loss and habitual relational templates of violence, rather than conscious agreement.
Weber’s notion of “decision making” seems to be what people are alluding to when rehashing, “Why doesn’t s/he just leave?” violent situations can occur in the sex trade and interpersonal relationships. When we see a victim of violence who is not physically restrained, we think that person should “just” make the choice to walk away. And if that person does not make that choice of leaving, we believe s/he is making some choice because we assume people have agency. The person, though, may be choosing fear of loss because that all s/he knows. Within the context of choice in the sex trade, Weber’s notion of domination referring to conforming to cultural norms. The father is a central figure (perhaps the central figure) of patriarchal society; therefore, obeying the father, even in the face of enduring violence. Additionally, pimps are often referred to as “Daddy,” which extends the incest dynamic into prostitution and sex trafficking.
We must further distinguish the context of the word “domination” when applying this specific Weber quote to the sex trade. Weber utilized the term “domination” when references how bureaucratic social structures are maintained (1978), not physical domination of one person over another. However, the conscription of current bureaucratic system of dominance and control is the very system sex workers’ rights advocates are contesting (McClelland 2016). Whereas, the anti-trafficking movement could be placed in the realm of “radical feminism” in that they seek to abolish the entire patriarchal system that subjugates all women, including sex workers (McLaren 2002). Again, the argument seems to return to who is making sex workers subjects – patriarchal culture, the anti-trafficking movement, or maybe even both.
As previously stated, I do not intend to posit a specific answer to the debate about choice and the sex trade. Instead, I appreciate the opportunity to examine this question in a public forum. As a social science researcher, as well as CSEC survivor, I know this conversation is critical, especially now. I strongly believe the United States is finally coming to grips with the fact that our culture has condoned and promoted sexual violence toward those deemed “weak” as a form of entertainment and maintaining patriarchal power. Not to be flip, but #timesup. Now we must work together, even amidst differing opinions and opposing agendas, to achieve our ultimate goal – safety for all.
Works cited
Brace, Laura and Julia O’Connell Davidson. 2000. “Minding the Gap: General and Substantive Theorizing on Power and Exploitation.” Signs 25(4): 1045-1050.
Herman, Judith. 2000. Father-Daughter Incest. (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kluft, Richard. 1990. “On the Apparent Invisibility of Incest,” in, Incest-Related Syndromes of Adult Psychopathology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
McClelland, Mac. 2016. “Is Prostitution Just Another Job?” New York Magazine, March 21-April 3, pp. 38-45.
McLaren, Margaret. 2002. Feminism, Foucault, and Embodied Subjectivity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Edited translation by Guenther Roth and Chris Wittich. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Weitzer, Ronald. 2007. “The Social Construction of Sex Trafficking: Ideology and Institutionalization of a Moral Crusade.” Politics & Society 35(3): 447-475.
Weitzer, Ronald. 2015. “Human Trafficking and Contemporary Slavery.” Annual Review of Sociology 41: 223–242.
Poor and working-class men are responsible for sexual violence and harassment, too
Me_Appalachian_catEven though wealthy, white men have been the primary focus of the #metoo and Times Up movements, poor and working-class men are just as responsible for sexual harassment and violence. I was sex trafficked from infancy until early adolescence in Appalachia in the 1970’s and 1980’s by a poor, male family member who also physically and sexually abused me. (This is a photo of me with our cat Shnooks around 1976.)
We were white trash, and he sold me for sex to white, working-class men – primarily truckers driving on a nearby highway – by “advertising” via CB radio. These men, including my exploiter, often told me I deserved the sexual violence I endured. My role and “duty” as a “white trash” girl was to be bought and sold for sex by men who felt they had the right to use my body as entertainment. A strict, intergenerational class hierarchy is a cornerstone of Appalachian culture: your family determines your status. I was trapped and I was expected to follow these rules.
My exploiter told me, “This happened to me, so it’s happening to you.” He had grown up hopelessly poor with alcoholic parents and had also been sexually abused. My exploiter, and other family members, chose to pass down our family’s legacy of violence instead of protecting me. They all called me “bad” and “dirty” as if I brought on the violence myself.
I was recently reminded of this victim-blaming when I heard supporters of Judge Roy Moore’s state his female accusers knew what they were doing by engaging with the powerful former prosecutor when they were teenagers. These supporters – many of them female – did not allow his accusers to be victims and chose to believe a sexual predator with a privileged social position. Helping a predator maintain his social power allowed them to maintain theirs. This is especially important to women who already have less social power, especially in Appalachia.
Thankfully, the majority of Alabama voters did not agree with this victim-blaming stance and Moore lost the election. His loss is another clear signal that the #metoo and Times Up movements are energizing a shift in power to support and believe victims of sexual harassment and violence that has been building for decades. Male and female victims are speaking up and men are refusing to enable predatory male behavior by looking – or voting – the other way.
In my experience with Appalachia, “power” is the common theme linking class expectations and sexual violence, which is about gaining physical and emotional power over a “weaker” person. The men who purchased me had more power than me and my exploiter due to higher class status. But my male exploiter had power over me because I was a girl, which gave him a sense of permission to abuse and sell me.
I am not saying all white, poor and middle-class Appalachian men are pedophiles or sexual predators: I am saying the region’s class hierarchy made me vulnerable to sexual violence and sex trafficking. My exploiter saw an opportunity to gain the social and economic power he had did not have as a poor man by selling me to for sex to middle-class men who felt they had the right to buy me. Their superior class status gave them permission to use my “white trash” female body for their entertainment, and my exploiter profited by handing me over.
I started speaking out against my exploiter after I charged out of Appalachia in my teens. Subservience was supposed to be my fate, but I refused to comply. Hillbilly Elegy author J.D. Vance says disconnecting from unhealthy Appalachian social norms and family relationships is important for “self-preservation.” I needed to move away from my family members who said I made up this story in order to demand money from them to pay for college. Nothing could be further from the truth. I did make up my mind to speak out against my exploiter to help myself and all victims of sexual violence to heal.
Sometimes I am nervous to speak out against my exploiter for fear that he or my family will harm or attempt to discredit me. But I am now more outraged than I am scared. The #metoo and Times Up movements remind me I am not alone and that we are causing change. The repudiation of Roy Moore in classically conservative Appalachian state gives me hope that some of those beliefs that helped shape the monster that my exploiter became are finally becoming a thing of the past.
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How exactly to submit an application for a Scholarship
Whenever we talk about university scholarship application, the duty is definitely in the parents. Simply because they have actually the obligation on the training of these children as well as know what will likely be good for them, parents apply physically for the faculty scholarship of the children.
Imagine if we turn the tide? From primary to education that is secondary your moms and dads accepted the obligation. You are old enough to take care of a simple college scholarship application. It will take some courage, self-confidence, and some excellent educational records to submit an application for a college scholarship. Take into account that is you who can utilize the aid that is financial is sold with the scholarship and never your parents. Thus, obtaining a college scholarship happens to be your online business, and you certainly can do it with less supervision from your parents.
The procedure for university scholarship application is comparable once you apply for college. You’ll want to discover every scholarship possibility available making a list of potential prospects which you think will fit your needs that are personal. When through aided by the list, you’ll want to produce a software letter and state your achievements (good high school scholastic documents and suggestion letters from your own senior high school director and teachers) and you’re now on your way on stepping into university on the cheap, if not free of charge.
Education- The procedure that is above-mentioned the most common method of getting an university scholarship. Nonetheless, the chances of success lies in you, and you also have to ply more effort to assure yourself of an educational funding whenever you go to college. To boost your opportunities, here are some tips that one may start thinking about:
• You should start as early as your senior school years. There are lots of university scholarships that open during your senior high school year. In addition, these aid that is financial are merely available in a particular time frame. When the application closes, you have to await another before you can file for your application year. Beginning early provides you with better chances of having the best school funding available.
• Offer value to your scholarship requirements. Keep in mind that among all available scholarships, you can find only few which will fit your skills. Read the eligibility standards associated with the college scholarship you want to utilize. In the event that you learned that the financial aid doesn’t match the qualifications which you have, search for another. Usually do not insist your self on scholarships where your odds of success is minute.
• Do not forget to perform what’s needed asked by the college scholarship. Prepare the documents which can be commonly expected by the scholarship grantee to its applicants.
• Your application page are going to be your “speaking alter-ego” to your sponsor for the university scholarship you have requested. Thus, you’ll want to create a software letter that may persuade the sponsor you seriously need the school funding and you deserve getting one, state truthful information in your application. Never include false information particularly should your purpose is just to “flatter” the sponsor along with your achievements.
After you adopted the aforementioned recipe, you are now willing to submit the application towards the scholarship assessment committee. Be prepared for other demands (such as for instance interviews and examinations) which will figure out if you are qualified to receive a college scholarship.
Proceed with the college that is aforementioned recipe once you submit an application for a college scholarship. And best of all of the, don’t forget to pray that you would be considered by the sponsor entitled to the college scholarship. Good luck!
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77925
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Re: Advices needed for moving {add|remove}-shell from passwd to debianutils
On Sunday 02 October 2005 00:09, Peter Samuelson wrote:
> Just coordinate two uploads to happen in the same dinstall cycle:
> shadow 1:4.0.12-6 where passwd Depends: debianutils (>= 2.15)
> debianutils 2.15 Conflicts and Replaces: passwd (<< 1:4.0.12-6)
Hmm. That will cover i386 I guess. What about other arches that are
autobuilt? (Assuming of course that both maintainers upload for i386.)
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77926
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Re: Intent to hijack Bacula (Heads up, Get The Facts!) (long)
* Turbo Fredriksson ([email protected]) wrote:
> You keep saying that, without showing the problems. From what I can see,
> all you say is "it's wrong", "it's very wrong" and "there's major problems with it".
John pointed out the issues to it earlier in this thread, which you said
you had followed so I expected you to be familiar with his complaints
already.. I also asked you to *look* at the new build system he's
using instead of making assumptions about it.
> I (and more) have stated that the previos (and now yours?) build system was
> WAY to expensive. Improving things, for whatever reason, is a good thing.
It's certainly not too expensive for our users. It's not even too
expensive for our buildds.
> You on the other hand, went the OTHER way, you WORSENED the build.
I wish I could take credit for it, but John is the one doing all the
improvements to bacula.
> And throwing CPU time out the window with the excuse "if you can't keep up,
> get out" is in _MY_ opinion STUPID.
That's nice, but maintainability is more important that the speed of the
build. The prior build system wasn't maintainable and was clearly
rather fragile.
> The ONLY problem with the current (partial) build system is that part of (!!)
> the build is hardcoded. Where libs are, and the name of the MySQL/PgSQL libs
> will rarely (if ever) change so this is not a PROBLEM, it's only a 'nitpicking'.
Which makes it fragile and much more difficult to maintain than it has
any need or right to be. This also makes it more difficult on anyone
else having to use or deal with the packaging including porters, the
secruity team, and others. That's not acceptable when all it does is
speed things up a bit.
Please, go look at John's build system and *try it* before complaining
that it's too slow. It's also certainly not out of the question to work
with upstream to improve the speed of building for multiple subsystems
*without* having to resort to hard-codeing things into the build system.
Work *with* the upstream build system, don't try to hack around it.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77927
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Re: Just a single Question for the Candidates
On Wed, Mar 10, 2004 at 11:37:47AM -0800, Matt Zimmerman wrote:
EOT. *plonk*
I guess that means you concede my point. Thanks for reading.
Website: http://reactor-core.org
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77936
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Podcast: Triumvirate grumpiness with the Mayor continues
LoGroNo Triumvirate: Ross Currier, Grumpy Griff Wigley, Tracy DavisTruth be told, it was only me who was grumpy this week (see photo) as we reviewed our podcast and ongoing online discussion with Mayor Mary Rossing. (I’ve turned off comments here. Continue the discussion attached to the Feb. 1 podcast with the mayor.)
Click play to listen. 30 minutes:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77951
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LUCKSTOCK.COM - Royalty Free Music and Audio Marketplace
LUCKSTOCK.COM - Royalty Free Music and Audio Marketplace - Hear Your Success
108,954 Royalty Free Music & Audio
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Joyful Pop (60 seconds version)
Note: You're listening to low quality watermarked preview.
Versions available:
A smooth and relaxed pop tune, with sweet female vocals over a cool groovy base made of drums, bass, electric guitar and electric piano. Perfect for marketing purposes, carefree commercials and other inspiring corporate projects.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77952
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The new emerging NLE for GNU/Linux
At the moment you can build Lumiera, start the standard Lumiera GUI and run the Lumiera test suite. The GUI you start might look like a mockup, but in fact is is the real application; just there isn’t much wiring between GUI, model and core yet. This will remain the state of affairs for the foreseeable future, since we’re developing core components against a test suite with unit and integration tests. Thus, the growth of our test suite is the only visible indication of progress.
This tutorial outlines the fundamental steps required to compile Lumiera on Linux (or a comparable) system. We’ll assume that you have a certain familiarity with commandline survival skills on your system. To help you getting started, this tutorial lists all the necessary commands explicitly.
[there are some minor differences between the various Debian based distributions, thus the exact version numbers and package names appearing in our example commands might be slightly different on your system]
There are two distinct methods to build:
• use the Debian source code package of Lumiera (the »Debian way«)
• use Git to retrieve all source code and build the »classical way«
Note just compiling Lumiera on a Debian-based system (e.g. Mint, Ubuntu…) is much simpler when using the Debian source package. See the separate tutorial page for this
[besides, there is a separate page with general instructions for installing on Debian/Ubuntu).]
The purpose of this tutorial here is to show you the elementary and generic steps to compile Lumiera from source.
To build Lumiera, you’ll need a build environment together with the development packages of the libraries Lumiera depends on.
[there is a separate documentation page listing the build dependencies explicitly. We’ll try to keep that information up to date — but in the end, the really authoritative information about the build dependencies is encoded into the build system. Thus, when the build system aborts, indicating that a never version of some library is required, then usually the build system is right…]
More specifically, you’ll need the GNU C/C++ compiler with C++14 support (Version >= 4.9) in addition to the following tools and libraries:
The GUI depends on the following:
Caution there are known problems with GCC-5.x as of 11/2015
on recent distributions (Ubuntu/wily, Debian/stretch) you might encounter failing tests.
[these problems aren’t really serious; basically we’re sometimes checking mangled class/type names, and seemingly the mangling behaviour of GCC has changed slightly. We’re working on that…]
Tip Generally speaking, when you want to build software, you’ll need the development version of the packages that contain the headers and pre-built libraries to link against. These packages are usually named -devel or -dev.
For Debian based systems, e.g. Mint, Ubuntu…, you can install these packages as follows:
Ubuntu note
some people reported you need to install the intltool package from the standard Ubuntu repository (for this reason it is included in the above collection)
Mint-17.2 (Rafaela) and Ubuntu 12.LTS
we really need the gcc-4.9, so building on these platforms is a bit tricky. See our »Backporting« page for detailed info…
we’re aware of some changes in mangled names (or type-IDs), which cause some tests to fail. Other than that, compilation worked for us.
Build Directory
You’ll need to check out the source code in some directory or other. You’ll also have to use this directory to build Lumiera. This could be a temporary directory, or some "workspace" directory below your home directory. We’ll refer to this directory as workspace directory .
Lumiera Specific Libraries
Now that you have your basic build environment prepared, the next step is to care for some special libraries required by Lumiera that are not directly part of the Lumiera project itself, but aren’t readily available through the usual package manager of the common distributions either.
[we maintain our own Debian package depot at and provide binary Debian packages for a range of distributions; yet this tutorial strives at showing the basic and generic method for building. Thus we’ll show you here how to build these libraries from source yourself]
Thus, we’ll have to get the source code for these support libraries, build and install them before we’re able to compile Lumiera.
Warning Note that the following procedures will try to install files into your base system below /usr/local.
To do so, you’ll need administrative permission for the machine you’re working on. These additions might interfere with other libraries installed by your package manager (if you get into trouble updating your system later on, you might have to manually remove these libraries).
NoBug: building and installing
NoBug is an instrumentation and diagnostics library.
Enter workspace direcory as explained above. Get the NoBug source code:
git clone git://
This will create a (sub)directory called nobug that contains source code.
Compile and install NoBug with the following commands:
cd nobug
autoreconf -i
mkdir build
cd build
sudo make install
GDL-mm: building and installing
The GNOME Docking library is available through your your package manager, but we additionally need the C++ bindings. Since these haven’t made it into the standard repositories yet, we provide a suitable custom package here; the following shows how to build the latter
Version limitation
we rely on GTK-3 and thus need a compatible GDL-3.
There is a dependency on xmlto, which is an xml converter. To install on Debian:
apt-get install xmlto
git clone git://
cd gdlmm
git checkout debian
sudo make install
verify library linkage
The compile might warn you to add various directories to /etc/ and then to run ldconfig. This will allow your dynamic linker to pick up the newly built libraries later when you try to start Lumiera. If you don’t want to reconfigure your system and add /usr/local/lib to the linker configuration, you may alternatively just add the directories to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
Either way, check that all libraries are accessible and OK:
sudo ldconfig -v | grep 'nobug'
and you should get a list of the libraries, part of which should look like this: -> /usr/local/lib/ -> /usr/local/lib/ -> /usr/local/lib/
or similar. The same applies to other custom libraries you needed to build explicitly for your system. If any of these libraries are not listed, you’ll have to see why before you can continue.
Building Lumiera
Next, after having built and installed the external libraries, go into the workspace directory and retrieve the Lumiera source code. Thereafter, build Lumiera by invoking the scons build
[more options for building with scons can be found via: scons -h ]
git clone git://
maybe build and run the test suite by issuing scons check
The build process will take some time, so sit back and relax.
Note you do not need to install Lumiera. It will find all files it requires relative to the directory structure it generates, which is freely relocatable as a whole. Just invoke the target/lumiera executable. The current working directory is not particularly relevant.
After the build has finished successfully, you should be able to start Lumiera. Currently, this will bring up the GUI, without any further functionality (!)
You should see something like this:
Current Lumiera GUI Screenshot
What’s next?
If you’re a coder, maybe you have found something to improve…?
Contributing to Lumiera is easy, thanks to Git
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Wednesday, 4 October 2017
Oh, Theresa May ...
She spoke of giving a voice to the voiceless -- and then she lost her voice. A comedian handed her a P45, and the stage set started collapsing before she had croaked her way to the end of her speech.
Apart from that, Theresa May's make-or-break appearance at the Tory party conference in Manchester was a triumph. Well, no, in fact, it wasn't. Even without the chapter of calamities for which the prime minister could hardly be blamed, her speech was utterly dismal.
Listening to her, I was reminded variously of John Major (a series of underwhelming policy announcements), Iain Duncan Smith (the cough) and Ed Miliband (some good ideas unimpressively delivered) -- three of the least impressive public speakers of the post-war era. The best that could be said of her was that -- like them -- she was dogged in the face of adversity. She may, as she likes to claim, not be a quitter -- but that doesn't mean she won't soon be gone.
We knew she was weak politically. In Manchester, she looked -- and sounded -- frail physically. OK, it was just a cold and a cough, but politics is a cruel business. Optics matter. And the optics for Theresa May were terrible. If a script-writer had provided for the letters to start dropping off the party slogan behind her as she spoke -- 'Bui ding a c ntry tha orks or ryon ' -- an editor would have thrown it back. Don't over-egg it, kiddo.
To say it was painful to watch is like saying Boris Johnson perhaps lacks certain diplomatic skills. Yes, of course one can feel sympathy for a fellow human being under pressure -- the vultures are circling, and a frog has settled in her throat. But her party will not quickly forgive what she did to them last June -- and whatever side of the Brexit debate you're on, I doubt that you're filled with confidence about how she is handling the negotiations.
Ah yes, Boris Johnson. A man who -- like Donald Trump -- plainly hates his job. Why can't I say what I want any more? Why can't I display my bigotry whenever I feel like it? The people love me, so why are my colleagues and the media so horrid to me?
On the one hand, Johnson extols the virtues of a country that, as he put it, 'welcomed my ancestors from France, Russia, Turkey and heaven knows where ... that is proud of the EU and other nationals that want to come here and that have enriched our lives.'
And on the other, he dismisses in a grotesquely offensive quip the appalling death toll in Libya since the overthrow and murder of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. (The city of Sirte could be a great centre for tourism and business, Johnson said -- 'the only thing they’ve got to do is clear the dead bodies away.')
This is the man who composed a piece of doggerel in which he called President Erdoğan of Turkey a 'wankerer', simply because it rhymed with Ankara -- and who thought it was fun to recite a piece of colonial tosh by Rudyard Kipling while visiting the Buddhist Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, where they're not keen on being reminded about British colonial rule. ('Not appropriate,' muttered an embarrassed UK ambassador within earshot of the TV cameras. Indeed.)
Until Mrs May's cough, the P45 prankster, and the collapsing stage set, Johnson was the prime minister's number one problem. Ever since the Tories' election debâcle last June, her credibility has been dangling by a thread. Johnson has been furiously tugging at it with his serial acts of disloyalty; now, circumstances have conspired to fray that thread even further.
If she hangs on, it'll be for one reason and one reason alone. Her party can't think of anyone who they'd prefer. I suspect Jeremy Corbyn is smiling contentedly as he does some gentle digging in his allotment.
1 comment:
Philip Hall said...
You didn't compare her performance to Corbyn's at conference. Well, it's not a question of who wins prizes for Toastmasters, is it? I think what you also didn't mention was the fact that Corbyn has a radical project to change britain into a social democracy and reset the clock on Thatcherism. Often, in our lives we think: 'Oh my God, I wish I hadn't done that, or said that. But we can't go back in time and change it and we don't have a second chance. With Corbyn's labour we have the chance to reset history and create a future where it will seem that neither Thatcher nor Blair ever existed.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77966
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Some Indian Food recipes and Kitchen Tips
Tips on Indian Cooking
Thursday, July 03, 2014
Digestive powder, anna podi
Take 100 gm each of the following ingredients:
Cumin seeds
Dried Ginger(peeled and chopped)
Thipplili (available in Indian Tamil medicine shop)
Dried Curry leaves
Dry roast all the above mentioned till golden one by one and keep in a bowl to cool. Take the pan off the heat. Dry toast 50gm perungayam (heeng) in the hot pan with the heat off and put in 100 gm rock salt and stir with it. Add these too to the bowl of condiments.
When cool grind to a powder in a mixer grinder and store in an airtight jar.
Take a tsp of the powder mixed with a quarter cup of cooked rice and ghee or til oil before eating your regular meal at least thrice a week for good digestion.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77969
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Eggs Florentine
This is my perfect brunch dish – decadent yet nutritious, filling without being stodgy and, above all, totally delicious. I always used to buy the hollandaise in a jar, but the other day Papa Swabey forgot to buy some on his pre-breakfast supermarket mission and, rather than trudging back to get it, we decided to … More Eggs Florentine
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77971
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Love the Way You Lye: You Can Use Lye Without Burning Yourself Silly
mmm, lutefisk
mmm, lutefisk
Lye is dangerous stuff. If you’ve ever thought about making soap (or lutefisk, ew) but have been too scared, allow me to assuage your fears. If lye were a Ghostly Gondolier who haunts Venice, I would be the Scooby-Doo team who shows up to reveal that the boatman is really just an loser who wants to steal valuable medallions. By way of a clumsy metaphor, I’m trying to say that understanding what makes lye so scary can be a great way to face your fears.
The Ghostlier Gondolier is nothing but a wimp named Mario
The Ghostlier Gondolier is nothing but a wimp named Mario
Ever wondered why you don’t hear about lye burns very often? It’s because as long as you treat lye with a little bit of precaution, it’s easy to avoid injuries.
So let’s start: Lye. Sodium hydroxide. Caustic soda. All names for the same bad boy. Whatever you want to call it, it’s a strong base. Its pH is 14, which makes it even stronger than ammonia (which is often used in cleaning solutions) and is the alkali equivalent of hydrochloric acid (the stuff in your stomach that breaks down food). Lye is so intense that its usually marketed as a drain cleaner because it’s able to corrode all the stuff that normal cleaners can’t get.
Mixing lye with different chemicals leads to all kinds of reactions. Let’s take a look.
Lye + Water
NaOH(aq) + H2O(aq) → Na+ + OH- + H2O + heat
Mixing lye and water creates a very hot and strongly basic solution. This solution can not be undone.
Takeaway: When mixing lye and water, be careful! Coming into contact with a lye solution can give you both a chemical and a thermal burn. You should wear long rubber gloves and goggles to protect yourself from the alkali solution and from the heat. You should combine the two chemicals slowly and always pour lye into water and not the other way around. Why? Pouring water into lye creates a crust, trapping the chemical reaction below it. When the reaction gets too hot and too much pressure builds up, a “volcano” will occur and lye and water will erupt. An easy way to remember this is to think of snow falling on a lake.
Lye +(hydrochloric) Acid
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O + heat
Mixing a strong acid with a strong base will neutralize it but will also give off lots of heat.
Takeaway: If your skin comes into contact with a lye solution, you shouldn’t pour vinegar directly on your skin as this can give you a thermal burn in addition to the chemical burn you’re already receiving. Instead, you should wash the area with water for 10-15 minutes to restore your skin to its normal pH (around 5.5 – slightly acidic) before using a weak acid to neutralize it. Additionally, as burns are highly susceptible to infection, you should only use distilled white vinegar (and not apple cider vinegar or lemon juice) as the fermented, acidic nature of some other acids can be ideal hosts for bacteria. Finally, you should use vinegar or a mixture of vinegar and water to clean your materials after you’re finished using lye.
Lye + Oil
Mixing lye with oils gives you soap and glycerin.
Takeaway: While this is great for making soap, this is one of the reasons lye is so dangerous for your skin. Fatty tissues in and oil on your skin is exactly the kind of stuff lye likes to react with. Always wear long rubber gloves, goggles, and a mask to protect your skin, eyes, and mouth and call 911 if you come into contact with a significant amount of lye.
Lye + Aluminum
2 Al + 6 NaOH + x H2O → 3 H2 + 2 Na3AlO3 + x H2O
Mixing lye with aluminum gives off a flammable gas called hydrogen gas.
Takeaway: Never ever ever use aluminum bowls or materials when mixing lye. Not only do you risk creating a flammable gas, the lye solution can eat through your bowl, causing a lye solution spill. Use heavy plastic or stainless steel instead.
+ + +
Safety Precautions
• Work in a well-ventilated space
• Wear long rubber gloves, goggles, and a breathing mask
• Never use aluminum tools
• Mix in stainless steel or heavy plastic bowls. If you use plastic, test the strength of the container by boiling water (just water, no lye) and pouring it in the container. If the plastic holds up, you’re safe.
• Use a bowl large enough to contain splashes
• Always pour lye into water and lye solution into oils to avoid volcanoes. Think “snow falling onto a lake.”
• Always buy 100% sodium hydroxide from a reputable supplier. Don’t substitute lye for a drain cleaner as it may have extra ingredients
• Store lye in containers marked “poison” away from children, animals, and unsuspecting adults
• After using lye, clean your materials and workspace with plenty of water, soap, and distilled white vinegar
• If swallowed, rinse mouth with water and drink one or two glasses of water. Do not induce vomiting. Call poison control (1-800-222-1222) or 911
• If lye comes in contact with your eyes, immediately flush your eyes with water. Remove any contact lenses and continue to flush eyes with water for at least 20 minutes. Call poison control (1-800-222-1222) or 911
• If lye comes in contact with your skin, gently wipe it off and remove any contaminated clothing. Flush your skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and then wash thoroughly with soap and water. Contact a doctor, poison control (1-800-222-1222) or 911 if the burn is large
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77985
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Perfect Ten: Ten MMO systems that encourage alts
Yes, this is one such alt.
Here’s how much I like having alts: I have alts in Final Fantasy XIV and Final Fantasy XI. Two games which are built on the premise of doing everything on one character. That should tell you everything you need to know about my love of alts, even when I’m playing games that are actively hostile to having alts. It’s not just a bad idea, it’s a counterproductive one, and yet I’m doing it anyway.
Of course, there’s a difference between alts being possible and alts actually be welcomed. There are systems which are more or less alt-friendly, and that’s an important element to consider when building a game or playing one. So in no particular order, here’s a list of systems that can do good service to making a game more friendly to alts, more so than just by having games with a diversity of leveling choices (which helps, but doesn’t inherently make a game alt-friendly).
1. Account-wide rewards (many, many games)
The one benefit of starting a new character in FFXIV is that I do actually have a nice big chunk of stuff waiting for that character right away; between the various account-level mounts, experience boosters, and armor pieces, a new character can jump in on the right foot. Not that the title is unique in that; many games have doodads offered to any and all new characters based on when you subscribed, which editions of the game you bought, and so forth.
Players are not inherently rewarded for alts by using these systems, but they do benefit from spending less time acquiring resources and/or leveling. It’s a shot in the arm that can help mitigate the natural penalty of starting off with a fresh character, in other words.
In an unbroken line.
2. Legacy system (Star Wars: The Old Republic)
The Legacy system was never perfectly implemented in Star Wars: The Old Republic, and I still feel like it should have offered more passive boosts rather than quite so many “now you can pay to unlock this” boosts. But the theory was still sound, and it’s a great way to ensure that leveling your alts still feels like you’re leveling your overall stable. This is, obviously, a recurring theme wherein you encourage alts via account-level opportunities.
I especially like the fact that you could unlock emotes and even abilities via the Legacy system. It provided a neat flash of flavor, even if the actual abilities (and most of the emotes) tended to be underwhelming. The principle of the thing.
3. An army of me (Guild Wars)
This was a late addition to the original Guild Wars, but it was a brilliant one building on a long chain of progression. At first, you had the mercenaries at any given outpost you could add into your party to fill it out. Later, you had Heroes, AI companions you could kit out and change. But the culmination was allowing you to actually use your own alts as Heroes, letting you play a team made up of characters you personally kitted out and set up.
The down side here was that if the AI was dumb or the build didn’t work, you had no one to blame but yourself. Still, it was a worthy effort.
This part is cool. Everything around it, not so much.
4. Allied races (World of Warcraft)
First person to complain about unlock requirements in the comments loses 50 DKP.
Allied Races are a great idea for a game with a sufficiently broad foundation of playable races, because they don’t make leveling an alt itself much easier, but they do reward you for your progress with a new option for alts. You get to start out very slightly further ahead and enjoy a new sort of playable race, both of which are inherently good things. Sure, it’s only a slight swap from what you already have, but that alone can be enough motivation.
Pity World of Warcraft only came up with this idea for this expansion, but you can’t have everything.
5. Always something new to try (City of Heroes)
The overall number of classes in City of Heroes was pretty small, at least until Going Rogue made it much broader, but this was mitigated by the fact that you really had a much more specialized set of options. Sure, you might already have a Scrapper, but a Dark/Willpower Scrapper would lay very differently from a Dual Blades/Regeneration Scrapper. Or a Fire/Fire Scrapper. Or… well, you get the idea.
The game was very alt-heavy for players, but it wasn’t because it did a whole lot to reward you for having alts. Rather, it just had so much breadth to all of the different options that players always had something new to try out, which meant you wound up making an army of new characters because ooh, you could try Illusion Control!
It's clear now.
6. Reset points (Tabula Rasa)
Here’s a system I never actually experienced, so if I get something wrong about Tabula Rasa’s cloning, please let me know in the comments. But the idea was a solid one. While you started off with a basic class, as you leveled up you got the option to branch in different directions. Each branch was saved as a clone point, so you could recreate the same character with a different class option without having to redo the same levels. Later, you also gained the option of making your clones hybrids instead of pure humans, meaning you functionally could change race as well as class choices.
This works well for alts on two levels. First of all, and quite obviously, it means that you can always have new stuff to try… but more to the point, you can do so without having to worry about making a whole new character. It’s a neat way of baking in choices with the ability to reset those choices, in other words. And it makes you think that even if you like your character, maybe she’d be more fun as a hybrid sort…
7. New starting points (Star Trek Online)
Star Trek Online is a two-faction game with lots of other mini-factions, like the Romulans, the Jem’hadar, the temporal captains, and so forth. This actually works out all right in gameplay, though. It means that you get to add in new “factions” with different identities without having to rewrite the game from the top down to account for having a totally new faction in the game. So it’s actually not dissimilar from Allied Races, but let’s not quibble.
haha whoops
8. Shared reputation (Star Wars: The Old Republic)
The shared reputation system for SWTOR serves a couple of alt-friendly purposes. First of all, it means that your alts can get all of the benefits of a repuation right away; you might not be high enough level to visit the area with a given reputation, but you still have access to all of its doodads. Second, it means that alts actually can work together to work through a reputation and unlock the various reputation-granting items.
I always liked this system and thought it was a shame more games didn’t offer it, especially since SWTOR’s reputations correctly offered mostly cosmetics instead of anything else. Why do I have to raise my beast tribe reputation with every character who wants this stuff in FFXIV? Because I’m not supposed to have alts, I know, but…
9. Character swapping (Master x Master)
This little MOBA-that-wasn’t-exactly is probably not going to be long remembered, which is a a bit of a shame; there were neat ideas in here. One of those neat ideas was the option to just swap back and forth between two characters on the fly, something not a lot of games really offer. Yes, it was also because the game was built largely upon content played solo, but it’s still a good idea from Master x Master worth revisiting.
Of course, you’d need systems in place to make sure that the switching is empowering rather than forcing you to have at least two characters leveled at the right tier to be worthwhile. But that’s balance, not concept.
10. Shared achievements (Guild Wars 2)
A lot of things in Guild Wars 2 are actually account-level, not limited to achievements but including things like armor skins and such. But the point remains the same in that you don’t just unlock something on one character, you unlock it everywhere. You can earn the reward once and use it elsewhere.
Which is really the big theme here. A game gets more alt-friendly either by giving you more options for a character (which means you want to make more alts) or by giving you more shared unlocks across the board (which makes alts easier to work with). So please, give me both. Preferably in FFXIV. I have eight characters, I have a problem.
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Ken from Chicago
Psst, Syp,
Pretty sure you meant, “[p]lay”.
(Blame Autocorrect. That’s my story.)
Here is one that I have really appreciated recently and would make my list. Events that promote alts.
I’m not talking alt friendly, I’m talking alt focused. How do they work? It’s genius. Event rewards are progression items. Event content boosts leveling. Event participation can be achieved in multiple ways.
3. An army of me (Guild Wars)
Yes, indeed. This really was an awesome innovation, one of many reasons I so greatly enjoyed playing Guild Wars; I wish other games would follow suit by offering both traditional dungeons (with player groups) as they do now and “solo + AI versions” of the same dungeons for when you feel like playing on your own. Yes, the alt-heroes were dumb as posts, but learning to work around that issue was part of the charm of using them.
I often like to take my time and explore new areas without some troupe of players “go!-go!-go!” hurtling through each dungeon, especially when I’m going through a dungeon for the first time.
Guild Wars was really nice in that regard. I ran through almost all of the missions (in all of GW’s campaigns) both with other players and with exclusively AI assistance, and it really made for two different types of game experience.
The ability to enlist and customize your own alts is a great option for anyone who generates as many alts as I typically do in any game.
Kickstarter Donor
BDO’s level / class unrestricted gear should have been on the list: dump your gear in storage, roll an alt, make a bee line to the warehouse and kit your new character with your end game gear.
Some restrictions do apply (like be smart about weapon compatibility) and you will still have to grind up your new character’s levels … But a vet player can ding 0 to 50 in a day of hard work, then hit 57 to 60 in less than a week if they got a grind party that will let them mooch.
On top of that, re-running quest content will upgrade various account wide stats like your energy capacity and CP bank, while your storage, mounts, and housing directly carries over to every character in your family.
Surprised that the most alt friendly mmo is not listed… ESO! Seriously, with champion points being account wide and with the crafting system that you can craft anything one one char and pass it to the other.. it is the most alt frienldy mmo i ever played.
Second to this is GW2… if there were no changes to the game (i have not played for long time) being able to share the best gear (ascended) with your alts and also complete dailies account wide… nothing really stop you from play multiply chars.
Sure! Just get all of those skyshards once again, and book for mages guild, and don’t forget about fighters guild too! Oh, wait, you wanted your PvP skill line back? Level it once again. Also, have you leveled your mount skills yet? It takes just few months to finish, pfft, easy! The champion points is basically the only thing that works well for alts. That and maybe new costume system that allows you to use all known crafting motifs.
Loyal Patron
Kickstarter Donor
Patreon Donor
I miss my stable of Heroes and Villains in City of Heroes! So many fun alts, and good memories. Sad to think it’s been nearly six years gone.
Demon of Razgriz
Demon of Razgriz
Man, City of Heroes was the perfect game for this altasaurus! It let you basically have a build for any situation while encouraging you to experiment without fear. Whether you role played or farmed, the game was designed for you to enjoy as you saw fit. Haven’t come across a game since that gives me that true sense of freedom of play.
Although not a ‘traditional’ MMO (any more than GW1 is), I think I would have to say Warframe. You only ever get one character in Warframe, and you are what you wear. Pretty much pick any sort of role that you like, and you can build it and play it. All you need to do is go find the parts and craft the gear. No restrictions, other than your ability to get the parts and your skill in playing. It is true that for frames and weapons, you have to ‘pay your dues’ in order to get them, but that is the only restriction. You can have them all and play them all.
I wonder what an actual top 10 ‘friendliest MMOs for alts’ would be then, lol.
FFXIV is probably my favorite just because I don’t need alts, I can do everything on a single character with enough effort/hours of frustrating inventory management.
Bango on Laurelin
Don’t forget shares champion points in ESO.
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Earlier I added an example to MathJax basic tutorial and quick reference, but it seems that \mathit only works in preview. Is there any suitable alternative?
enter image description here
Update: as quid suggested this is likely a rendering issue and the actual rendering does not follow order of the actual content
• On the update, also note that mathbb does not render. I believe that MathJax renders in more than one step. In the initial rendering some things are not done, and somehow it does not seem to get to the latter steps in that thread on some devices. – quid Nov 25 at 12:01
up vote 4 down vote accepted
There might be no need for an alternative.
$\mathit{It \ does \ work}$, at least for me.
It does take a while to render though and in between it looks plain; that the thread there is so complex might make it take a long time.
Let me add some other things $\mathbb{ABC}$, $\mathcal{ABC}$.
For an alternative, it depends a bit on the intended use case. Honestly, I do not see much point for it, as variables are usually slanted anyway $ABC$.
• I think you are right that it is a rendering issue. It is just not obvious because the styling is applied after other content/styling has been loaded (or perhaps the particular styling failed to render) – prusswan Nov 25 at 11:43
• The italics is used for formatting text strings, at least that was I had been looking for the other time. – prusswan Nov 25 at 11:50
• 1
If you want to format text in a formula it is better to use $\textit{like this}$ $\textit{like this}$; if it is outside it is done with mark down *like this* like this – quid Nov 25 at 11:52
• I think it was because I wanted to mix italics and normal text in some annotation, so I was looking for the MathJax equivalent for that. – prusswan Nov 25 at 11:56
• Regarding the rendering, my phone does not manage to render it in the other thread, but does manage to do it here. It really ought to be a technical issue with how MJ is rendered and large threads. (It's not specific to mathit, it's the same with some other fonts there.) – quid Nov 25 at 11:58
• 2
Eventually my phone managed; it really just seems an issue of "takes a long time" and/or "sometimes hangs" and not something fundamental. – quid Nov 25 at 16:03
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/77993
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Microsoft Insider Gives Online Services and Compliance Advice
That's the gist of a talk by Rob Horwitz, cofounder of Directions on Microsoft, an independent consultancy based in Kirkland, Wash. The Thursday public Web presentation, "Microsoft Cloud Compliance Risk," was described as "speculative," and "some of it could be wrong." However, it's based on how Microsoft's current audit practices are applied to premises-installed software, and how those practices could affect organizations that use Microsoft's services. Horwitz said that the talk represented Directions on Microsoft's "early thinking on the issue."
Directions on Microsoft specializes on Microsoft software issues, with a focus on licensing. It offers advice, publications and runs a series of Microsoft Licensing Boot Camps, as described here.
Currently, Microsoft doesn't build compliance warnings into its software and services. Horwitz, who, along with other Directions on Microsoft analysts, formerly worked at Microsoft, said that there are many reasons why compliance checks for customers aren't built into Microsoft's software. License compliance is not Microsoft's first priority, and the company doesn't want to raise alarms. In addition, packaging and licensing issues can get decided late in the game, which doesn't give the technical people enough time to address it. Lastly, the licensing is handled by different folks from the technical people, he said.
Horwitz noted that Office Professional Plus and SQL Server are examples of products that have no internal compliance checks. Microsoft decides when their use complies with the rules via audits. A high percentage of the time, auditors find compliance violations. This approach turns out to be a revenue generator for Microsoft, both directly and indirectly. It helps move customers in the right direction from Microsoft's perspective, which is toward subscription-based licensing associated with its services, which provides Microsoft with a constant annuity stream. Compliance shortfalls are used by Microsoft as leverage. For example, if a customer is reconsidering an EA renewal, Microsoft can negotiate based on the customer's compliance record.
Four Compliance Risks
Horwitz then proceeded to classify four kinds of risks that organizations face should they tap Microsoft's services, even in the slightest way. The risks include:
• Mixing levels of the same service
• Hybrid deployments, where some users have subscriptions to services but some don't
• "Multiplexing" or indirect access
• The use of Azure Virtual Machines
On the first compliance risk, mixing levels of the same service, Horwitz said that having a subscription to one high-end SKU or product could break the rules for others in an organization. One example is the Azure Active Directory service, which Horwitz described as "a good poster child for cloud license compliance issues." It has Basic, Premium Plan 1 and Premium Plan 2 subscriptions, but Microsoft Online Services documentation is often obscure about the consequences if premium features get turned on for just some users.
One example of subscription mixing is the use of Azure AD Identity Protection, which is a service that detects anomalies indicating compromise, such as two log-in attempts from different geographic locations. Azure AD Identity Protection is a feature exclusive to Azure AD Premium Plan 2. If an organization has a subset of users on it, the feature is automatically turned on tenancy wide, and non-Premium Plan 2 users will be accessing the service as well. Another potential risk for getting a subscription mixing violation is the use of Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), which works with Exchange Online Protection to detect previously unknown malware. The Office 365 ATP service requires the use of Office 356 Enterprise E5 or standalone user software licensing.
Hybrid deployments, the second risk factor described by Horwitz, entail risks for organizations when some users have subscriptions to Microsoft Online Services but others don't. For instance, if only a subset of users in an organization have subscriptions to Azure AD, then the users without Azure AD subscriptions can still log onto the Azure AD subscription portal. If they do, then they are accessing that feature in Microsoft's eyes and thus are noncompliant. Horwitz also pointed to the Exchange Online Protection service, which is licensed via an Exchange Online subscription and Exchange Server Enterprise Client Access Licenses with Software Assurance. All mailboxes can benefit from Exchange Online Protection, but not all users might be licensed.
The third issue, multiplexing or indirect access, is more obscure. No Microsoft document defines what it means, Horwitz explained. He defined it as a user that experiences any effect when a product is shut off. He pointed to Power BI as an example. It pulls data and may access Project Online or Dynamics 365 indirectly, and that requires licensing.
"I've seen some situations when multiplexing issues have hit customers hard," Horwitz said.
Lastly, organizations face compliance risks using Azure Virtual Machines, which run hosted instances of Windows Server or Linux. Horwitz said that it's easy for organizations to spin up an Azure Virtual Machine but neglect to license the application software that was spun up. He added that SQL Server may be the most overlooked application in such cases. Windows Server could prove a compliance nightmare for organizations using the Internet of Things. They could have thousands or even millions of interconnections, and if Azure Virtual Machines are used, those devices could be indirectly accessing on-premises Windows Server instances.
Compliance Strategies
Horwitz laid out three basic strategies for organizations to mitigate compliance risks.
First, organizations could avoid using Microsoft Online Services altogether. It's possible, but Horwitz commented that it was "akin to paddling upstream." A second strategy is, "Don't worry, be happy." The idea behind that strategy is that maybe Microsoft will leave an organization alone if it buys enough products. Lastly, organizations can try to roll their own compliance efforts, or maybe find a partner to provide that kind of support.
Horwitz's practical advice to organizations is to negotiate compliance protections as part of their next EA renewal. They should specify contract amendments or special discounts, or insist on a "no adverse changes clause."
For instance, if a Premium feature was accessible by non-Premium users, then that's the way it will be per a negotiated no adverse changes clause. Alternatively, there could be a cap on remedies for Online Services compliance shortfalls specified via a contract amendment.
The addition of discounts is another approach to try. An organization indicates that to comply with all of Microsoft's rules, it will buy a particular SKU, but a really big discount will be required. It's possible to negotiate a "special use right grant" for a SKU as well.
Horwitz noted that Microsoft today uses its partners for compliance checks. The company could build compliance into its software, but he wasn't sure what Microsoft might do in the future to reign in noncompliance.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78004
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File:WikiSkills logo.png
From Meta, a Wikimedia project coordination wiki
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Original file(2,382 × 1,494 pixels, file size: 78 KB, MIME type: image/png)
Svenska: WikiSkills logotyp
English: WikiSkills logo
Author Miguelmifune
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike
You are free:
• to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
• to remix – to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78035
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There are 15 products.
Showing 1 - 15 of 15 items
Ppc pto
CAT tractor PTO T-70
Tractors T-70 staffed almost entirely manual transmission. Transmission is represented by nine steps and two ranges, as well as a reduction gear. Number of gears is eighteen forward and four back. There is also an opportunity to establish creeper.
However, there are also tractor modifications issued after 1985 with an installed hydrocontrolled transmission and switching are already under stress. This box allows you to choose one of four programs in the framework of the four speed ranges with it without turning off the clutch itself.
Primary shaft and secondary shaft are located in a box, or rather in its housing on a single axis. An intermediate shaft coupled with the first transmission shaft, and the reverse gear are arranged in parallel primary and secondary shafts. The primary shaft is fixed by means of two bearings, one of which is mounted in a glass gearbox housing, a second bearing and the input shaft connected to the output shaft in the forward ends of the latter.
On the back Vome is independent and synchronous drives. Independent drive is transmitted from the engine crankshaft two-speed gearbox, disposed in the clutch housing, and providing two-speed rotational mode.
We call you back
MOTOR-AGRO recommends
Parts manufacturing facilities for tractors and combines on your drawings!
+38 057 714 64 98
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78045
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The Mudcat Cafemuddy
more print
Come all you brisk and lively lads, come listen unto me
While I relate how I have fought through the wars of Germany
I have fought through Spain, through Portugal,
through France and Flanders, too
But it's little I thought I'd be reserved for the plains of Waterloo
On the eigtheenth day of June, brave boys, as you shall now soon hear
And the drums and fifes they played so sweet, we knew the French were near
There was Boney with his gallant troops, his numbers being not few
He boldly went and pitched his tents on the plains of Waterloo.
There was Wellington, our countryman, he commanded us that day
While Boney commanded the Prussian troops, he swore would gain the day
The French they gained the first two days and would the third one, too
While Blucher deceived poor Boneparte on the plains of Waterloo.
It would fill your heart with grief, brave boys, for to see those
Frenchmen's wives
Likewise their little children with tears flowing from their eyes
Crying, "Mother dear, o mother, we shall forever rue
The day we lost our dear fathers on the plains of Waterloo."
It's manys the river I've crossed o'er through water and through mud
And it's manys the battle I've fought through with my ankles deep in mud
But Providence being kind to me in all that I've come through
'Twas there we pitched our last campaign on the plains of Waterloo.
DT #547
Laws J3
@Napoleon @war
From MacKenzie, Ballads and Sea Songs From Nova Scotia
Collected from Harry Sutherland of River John, NS
Grieg reported that this was said to be written by John Robertson, a bugler
in the 92nd Highlanders [WRM]
filename[ PLNWLOO3
Popup Midi Player
Lyrics & Knowledge Search [Advanced]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78083
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The Interdisciplinary Work of Lyss England
Posts tagged mountain
My body was moss
Curled over the edges
Of a mountain
I didn’t even remember
So when I curled ’round
The edge to see the
Free fall below
I said to myself,
“it’s okay to leave
Space to grow ’til
Your roots reach the ground”
So I reached my roots
Down and buried them
Until they were so
Warmed by the heat
From the core of
The earth that they burned.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78091
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Home > Resources > Business Entity > How to Form a Company
The first question to ask yourself is – do you have personal assets you want to protect? If the answer is yes, you want to create a corporation. As long as you keep things clearly separate (not “pierce the corporate veil”), it is like having a firewall between your personal assets and the assets of your company.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78099
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Health Insurance Requirement
All J-1 Exchange Visitors and their J-2 dependents are required by federal regulations to have medical insurance for the entire period of their stay in the U.S. You may select the medical insurance* that is best for you and any family; however, here is the minimum coverage that must be met:
• $100,000 per accident or illness
• A deductible of no more than $500 per illness and a co-pay not to exceed 25%
Yale Employees with Benefits
Most Yale employees do not need to purchase any additional insurance, but there are a few exceptions. The majority of Yale employees receive benefits, including health insurance coverage. The coverage provided by the Yale Health Plan satisfies items # 1 and #2 above. Yale employees are also eligible for the UHC Global plan (read below) which covers items #3 and #4 above. However the Yale Health Plan can only start on the first day of the first month of employment (for example, see HR description of coverage for Postdocoral Associates.) Yale employees would have to find their own insurance to cover any time between their arrival in the U.S. and when the Yale Health Plan begins.
Medical Evacuation and Repatriation Coverage
If you are in the U.S. on Yale's J-1 visa sponsorship (as employee or unpaid affiliate) items #3 and #4 are covered for you by UHC Global, a travel assistance program purchased by the University. If your spouse, partner or dependent children are traveling with you in J-2 status,they are also covered by the University's repatriation/medical evacuation plan. There are some conditions on dependent coverage, and in some cases dependents need to pay a supplement. Please read the UHC Global policy for details.
Affordable Care Act
J exchange visitors, including J-2 spouses and dependent(s), may be subject to the requirements of the Affordable Care Act. For more information on the Affordable Care Act, see these resources:
Please note that J-1 scholars and J-1 students have different exempt periods.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78108
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Baby Shakes
1. 1.
Won't See Me
2. 2.
All the Pretty Things
3. 3.
Summer Sun
4. 4.
Turn It Up
5. 5.
I'll Be Alright
Baby Shakes are a rock n’ roll-punk band from New York City. Mary on lead vocals and guitar, Judy on lead guitar and vocals, Claudia on bass and vocals, and Ryan on drums.
With catchy melodic vocals over dirty guitars and a killer rhythm section, their influences range from The Ramones and Slade to Chuck Berry and 60’s Motown girl groups. Formed in 2005, they’ve released 5 singles, a 10” heart-shaped EP, a singles collection, and 3 full length albums. They have toured the US, Japan, China, Ireland, UK and Europe. Baby Shakes have shared the stage with Iggy Pop, The Romantics, The Boys, The Undertones, Buzzcocks, Barracudas, Protex, Black Lips, Rubinoos, Flamin' Groovies, Paul Collin’s Beat, Shadows of Knight, Derv Gordon (The Equals), among others.
Monthly Listeners
Where people listen
Discovered On
Related Artists
Listen to Baby Shakes now.
Listen to Baby Shakes in full in the Spotify app
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78113
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Modeling full-scale osmotic membrane bioreactor systems with high sludge retention and low salt concentration factor for wastewater reclamation
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Bioresource Technology, 2015, 190 pp. 508 - 515
Issue Date:
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Files in This Item:
Filename Description Size
1-s2.0-S0960852415004265-main.pdfPublished Version1.36 MB
Adobe PDF
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. A full-scale model was developed to find optimal design parameters for osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid system for wastewater reclamation. The model simulates salt accumulation, draw solution dilution and water flux in OMBR with sludge concentrator for high retention and low salt concentration factor. The full-scale OMBR simulation results reveal that flat-sheet module with spacers exhibits slightly higher flux than hollow-fiber; forward osmosis (FO) membrane with high water permeability, low salt permeability, and low resistance to salt diffusion shows high water flux; an optimal water recovery around 50% ensures high flux and no adverse effect on microbial activity; and FO membrane cost decreases and RO energy consumption and product water concentration increases at higher DS flow rates and concentrations. The simulated FO water flux and RO energy consumption ranges from 3.03 to 13.76LMH and 0.35 to 1.39kWh/m3, respectively.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78116
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Tag Archives: FAQ
Search engine optimization (SEO) strategies with Umbraco 7.1.0
FAQ and Glossary page SEO strategies with Umbraco, Angular, and dynamic site content.
SEO issues with Angular
In this article, I will discuss implementing search engine optimization strategies (SEO) with Umbraco 7.1.0. I recently learned from http://www.uwestfest.com/ that AngularJS introduces new SEO challenges. In Angular, code elements are wrapped in double curly braces ({{…}}). Google does not execute JavaScript when indexing website content. Google parses values in the double curly braces ({{ … }}) without actually interpreting what is located inside the curly braces. This means that Angular is great for content that is not intended for indexing, but for content you want people to discover via search engines, you need to use some strategy. One technique is to perform server-side rendering by running the application in a headless browser (e.g. PhantomJS). For best performance, we must pre-load the content into html files through a Node.js backend. We can then direct the search engine to use the output file instead of our actual page. Yes, it is somewhat of a hack, but until we have something like Rendr that works with Angular, we may not have much choice.
Sending Google snapshots of html that has been processed by your JavaScript
Once a sitemap.xml or robots.txt file is created, you can use grunt-html-snapshots to snapshot the files.
“How do we grab the results and sent them to Google whenever the search engine requests access, though?”
To do this, we must use some special URL routing by following conventions: https://developers.google.com/webmasters/ajax-crawling/.
Here is more information on how this is done: http://www.yearofmoo.com/2012/11/angularjs-and-seo.html.
Here is another good article on how to create and use the HTML snapshots:
How to make sure your dynamic content is indexed
This snapshotting technique also can apply towards content that is dynamic in nature, such as content that is rendered by a database. For best results, it is important to design the infrastructure in a way that enables the content that is displayed to depend upon the URL provided. This strategy operates best with RESTful content (referring to the RESTful architectural principle) and is very compatible with web design patterns, such as Model-View View-Model (MV-VM) or Model-View-Controller (MVC).
Future for Umbraco
Umbraco, particularly Umbraco 7.1+, is an amazing platform, and it is changing the rules of the game. In the future, I will be posting more information on how to sync static nodes in Umbraco with a SQL Server database. In the past, I have written on the techniques required to obtain very good SEO results. While these techniques are very useful in theory, developers are often looking for more concrete implementations to better understand abstract concepts.
Grounding SEO theory with concrete strategies
To this effect, I offer two suggestions:
1. FAQ pages
2. Glossary
These two techniques are easy to implement but very hard to master. I will speak about both of these briefly.
FAQ Pages
FAQ pages are similar to glossary pages. These pages are designed to grab a cluster of keyword phrases that originate from the base keyword phrase.
Process of developing FAQ pages
Several years ago, a consultant from Webtrends suggested that I follow this pattern:
1. Start with a set of keyword phrases that you want to target.
2. Choose one or two keywords that you want to form the base of your targeting.
3. Choose 30-50 keyword phrases that contain your base keyword.
4. Construct questions from these keyword phrases. Ensure that the keywords are contained in the questions.
5. Create a web page for each phrase. Place the keywords in these html tags:
• Meta keywords tag
• Meta description
• Title
• H1 tag
• body text (paragraph tag)
How to prevent the site from appearing like spam to search engines
Ensure that you apply some variation in how you use your keywords. Otherwise, your site content may appear like spam to Google. For example, in your H1 tag, use the keywords in a sentence. Be sure to answer the question to the best of your ability.
Proof of SEO concept
With this strategy, I was able to land quite a few search pages in the top 10 Google results for this website:
If you check out this website, be sure to notice that the base keyword “lice” is located in the domain name and the keyword “faq” is located in the sub-domain. Having “faq” as a sub-domain (i.e. CNAME or canonical) informs search engines that this URL points to FAQ pages.
Glossary pages
Glossary pages attract a very specific type of user, so it is very important to consider how the person will be using your site. Glossary pages are best when you are trying to provide a resource for people that will frequently refer back to your site. These pages tend to obtain high bounce rates, but if done correctly, they also tend to cause individuals to repeatedly come back to your site. The goal here is not necessarily to obtain an instant conversion. Instead, your goal is to provide a valuable informational resource to people on a particular subject. As people land on your site, they quickly obtain the desired information and usually leave. However, with some strategy, you can still convert these visitors into people that explore your site in greater depth.
Strategy for converting visitors from glossary pages
However, to effectively design glossary pages, it is critical to also offer provide internal links to additional articles for interested readers. This allows casual readers to get desired information and leave while also providing additional resources for more interested readers. This technique also allows us you to track conversions as people that click on that particular link. The best way to create glossary pages is to create one glossary page for each keyword or keyword phrase that you are targeting. Here is one of Google’s examples of a glossary.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78136
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Archive for March, 2017
March 31, 2017
How does one compute the mass of a galaxy?
Bullialdus’ Inverse Distance Squared Law, Basic to Newton-Einstein:
MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MONDs) Don’t Work:
Journal reference: Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature21685
Patrice Ayme’
Europe Is Dead, Long Live Europe! And long live US publicly subsidized Pluto universities, too!
March 29, 2017
45 years ago Britain was a member of what became formally later the “European Union”. However, anti-Europeans in Britain, mostly on the so-called left (“Labor”) screamed that a referendum should have been conducted to see whether the British People really wanted to be part of Europe. The matter should not having been left to Parliament. One of these screamers presently leads the British Labor Party (Corbyn).
So a law was passed by the UK Parliament, saying that a referendum on belonging to Europe would happen, and would have force of law. Once again, 45 years ago. (NOT last year!) The referendum was conducted, and nearly two-third of British People approved that the UK should be in Europe.
In the meantime, Thatcherism happened. PM Thatcher, a strident nationalist, actually passed the Single European Act (SEA). SEA reformed the legislative process all over Europe by introducing the cooperation procedure and by extending the Qualified Majority Voting to new areas. The legislative process was also quickened. The SEA was supposed to create a better Single European market. Meanwhile, Great britain became ever more inequalitarian.
The British Are Most Enraged, Because Their Society Is Most Unequal.
So now here we are, and Great Britain wants out of Europe… But not out of the European Single market. That’s a complete contradiction. Indeed, understand that the obstacles to the single market are not tariffs: the WTO limits those to 3%… The obstacles have to do with laws and regulations, hence the necessity for the SEA. The point is that if one wants a single market, one has to have laws which are in common enough.
British PM May evoked Article 50, setting the exit of Britain from the EU within 2 years.
[In fairness, let’s give PM May a word sideways here. PM May tried to strike a firm but conciliatory tone, in her letter to Donald Tusk, president of the EU, declaring that the Brexit vote
With all due respect, that’s just PC hogwash. To start with it hurts. Secondly, there is an amount of 60 billion dollars in committed EU projects that the UK is committed to finance. Secondly, to access the European Single Market, the UK will have to respect EU law, and pay for the EU infrastructure, just as Norway (or Switzerland) do.
So what happened? Plutocracy, that’s what. Plutocracy owns the media, and felt threatened by the EU government. Plutocracy depends upon tax evasion and (“elected”) government manipulation (and the more than 17 “crown dependencies, part of UK which are tax havens).
Plutocracy rules by mental manipulation. Example: look at the Ivy League universities in the USA. They are the elite universities where the children of the elite get together, live together, plot together, and get instructed on how the manipulate the naive rabble they are expected, and expecting to rule and exploit.
The Ivy League comprises eight campuses: Dartmouth, Columbia, Princeton, Yale, Harvard, Brown, Cornell, Penn have a combined 191 billion dollars in endowment. They got 41 billion in 6 years from US, and paid no tax on their profits (which should have been 9,6 billion dollars, too!
(Of course Obama went to Columbia and then Harvard; in Columbia Obama met ZBig, the guy who make Carter to attack formally Afghanistan on July 3, 1979… ZBig saw in Obama the ideal vehicle to pursue the Pluto empire…)
Average parents pay $33,000 a year for private universities , and $9,000 for public universities.
Is there hope? Some of the buffoons are becoming more aware. Richard Dreyfus was one of the fanatics who voted for Hillary Clinton, campaigned against Trump, and ignored Bernie Sanders (as he readily admits; Sanders would have beaten Trump is the democrats had selected him, studies have shown). Now he is against Hillary. Why? He discovered she was “for Wall Street”. Hillary went to San Francisco, all dressed in black leather:”insist, persist, resist!” Actually she is pushing her latest book.
Still No Message Of Any Substance, that’s why people who voted for Obama, in a last burst of hope, in 2012, voted for Trump in 2016, in the crucial states, the famed “Blue Wall”.
The Brexit vote rested on an arsenal of lies, imparted to the minds of British voters by the Plutocratic media. Basically, all is false, therein.
Also the vote itself was fraudulent, as it was supposed to be just a “consultation”, not legislating. No worries: Great Britain is not really a democracy, but a rule of one (mono-archy).
So what’s next? We will see. London did its best to sabotage the EU for decades, and it’s just more of the same. A few months ago, Teresa May threaten to turn the UK into a “tax haven”. That’s of course disinformation: the UK is already a tax haven, and that’s why real estate has never been so expensive in London, the most expensive real estate in the world, by far. Plutocrats from the entire planet are flocking to London, knowing full well that the British government has no choice, but keeping on playing the Plutocratic card…
The fact that the USA’s richest universities are getting positively enormous subsidies is revealing that, once one has captured the minds of the idiots, even in democracy, especially in democracy, one can get away with anything. A Manchurian candidate made it to the presidency for 8 years, and now the Wall Street “opposition” keeps on capturing the hearts and minds of the fake left. Alleluia!
And what of Europe? Same problem, plus a deer-in-the-headlights syndrome. As long as progressives have not figured out in which direction progress lays, the likes of may will rule, complete with leopard shoes high heels, just to make sure she overlords all the uneducated out there… Her “Brexit” has no meaning, and she knows it, but the lords she serves, the world plutocrats have no meaning either, all they want is ever more prerogatives… And they don’t intent to jump off the gravy train, anymore than president Putin and PM Medvedev in Russia. Massive demonstrations there have exposed the latter as the face of state corruption in Russia (his enormous palaces, for example next to Sochi have long been notorious; a bat researcher was emprisoned for taking pictures of Medvedev’s palace there, and protesting the destruction of bat caves next to it; ultimaterly he had to flee Russia to the UK…)
One may wonder why this global plutocracy problem seems so much alike all around the planet. It is simple: the democracy we have is NOT the real thing. The ideal of democracy we have (as espoused by Russia) is NOT the real thing. Clinton-Bush-Obama, this triple head hydra is the same problem as Putin. Basically. It does not matter if it’s Russia, or California.
Real democracy should be about We The People ruling directly, as much as possible. Instead, what we have is a parody of democracy. Brexit is the poster child of this absurdity: although there was a referendum, it was all about lies. The referendum was conducted in a sea of lies, under fake assumptions, and false pretense. So now Britain is going to spend, and waste, Europe’s time for the next ten years of its convoluted, unending Brexiting… Before asking to go back in, supposing in ever leaves, which is not really the plan.
The real plan is to make the British National Health Service a new source of profit for the US health “care” industry. Oh, by the way, do you know how many people are enrolled in “Obamacare”? Eleven millions. Another nine millions are truly in Medicare. Meanwhile, the subsidies to the health care for profit industry, just as the subsidies for US plutocratic universities, have much augmented. Alleluia! We may as well have fun, watching plutocrats soar into orbit.
Just to make sure we get the picture, British PM May wants us to know she is completely mad. On day first of the Brexit negotiations she let it be known that if the European Union will not submit, she will let terrorists do their thing to Europe. May’s words insist that there is an implied threat, the prime minister’s letter being explicit. “In security terms, a failure to reach agreement [with the EU] would mean our cooperation in the fight against crime and terrorism would be weakened,” she wrote.
It does matter that PM May personally lacks credibility. That’s the whole point: plutocracy will make people do, and submit to, incredible things. Reason is in the way, so it should be disposed of.
Patrice Ayme’
Consciousness, Nonlocality, Free Will
March 26, 2017
DS asked in Aeon: “Patrice, in what way is consciousness “nonlocal”, and what is the evidence for this?”
DS: Science and technique progress, and thus so do our visions of the world. Quantum computers are becoming a reality. Quantum computers work in a completely different way from the classical computers we presently have (which, fundamentally are of the same type as those the Greeks had, more than 2,000 years ago!). Present (2017) versions of Quantum computers are primitive relative to what’s coming (Artificial Consciousness computers). And you know what? Full Quantum computers depend crucially upon nonlocality.
Descartes located consciousness (“the soul”) in a tiny part of the brain (the pituitary gland). I guess because Descartes considered it was the only part of the brain with a unique character, just like the soul is unique to the mind? Now we know the pituitary is just a master neurohormonal center…)
Philosophers And People of Culture Have to Learn New Words and Especially the Concepts Having to Do With Quantum & Nonlocality. Lest they Become the New Barbarians…
Split brain, and other surgeries have revealed that consciousness can’t be localized that way, inside a tiny organ (whereas short-term memory can be localized, to the hippocampus, fear to the amygdala, vision to 17 areas in the cortex, etc.)
So, in that gross sense, consciousness is non-local.
Next, we are now basically certain that basic biology uses the Quantum (we have a few telling examples already, not just chlorophyll). By this I mean that consciousness uses individual quanta and their nonlocal behavior (for example individual photon, or individual electrons, the latter when, and precisely because, delocalized).
Indeed, what is the most fundamental property of the Quantum? Not just that it is quantified. Nonlocality is the Quantum most important property. The Quantum is quantified because it is nonlocal (Einstein did not understand this his entire life, from 1905 to his death). Nonlocality is the crucial difficulty of Quantum Physics (it shows up as Schrödinger cats, EPR paradox, etc.)
Supposing that the most fundamental thing we know of in the universe, consciousness, can, somehow, avoid the most fundamental physics we have found in the universe, is a form of denial akin to climate denial, or parallel universes. Ignoring Quantum Physics, as a fundamental conceptual tool to understand consciousness can only be explained by prejudice.
What prejudice? Most cultured people have no understanding, let alone feeling, for the Quantum. So they desperately clinging to Classical mechanics, something best suited for artillery shells…
As the Quantum is essentially nonlocal, and fundamental to consciousness, so is consciousness.
And what of the Quantum deniers? Well they miss entirely the immensely rich new logic that Quantum logic has offered beyond Classical logic…
The preceding should not be construed as an endorsement of so-called weirdly named “extrasensory perception”. Instead, I have argued that the sensory system itself is nonlocal (pretty much a physiological evidence, too, as we see with 17 areas…)
A trivial, but telling, case could be called “Free Will and Cosmic Rays”. Cosmic rays, cosmic elementary particles, can be millions of times more energetic than the most powerful elementary particles created by man, at CERN (their origin is obscure, logically speaking). It is known that cosmic rays can change the states of present computers (so even present computers are unpredictable!) Now the scale at which present computers operate is classical (as in classical mechanics), it is hundreds of times larger than the scale at which the inner machinery of cells operate.
That means that the inner machinery of neurons will be put in different states by cosmic rays, just like smartphones. There goes the freedom of Free Will. “Free Will” may feel free, but it may well have, and sometimes surely will have been, directed from a galaxy long ago, far away… This spectacular conclusion is not a matter of opinion. It’s a matter of science. And I have not even considered the question of (the extremely nonlocal) Quantum Entanglement. Quantum Entanglement is real and makes matters way worse.
Some will say, that’s fine, we don’t need to know all this stuff, we can be happy, and we can still pontificate about our classical notions of “Free Will” and “Consciousness”. Indeed, those who want to stay primitive, should. Yes. Yet, within bounds. There are limits to barbarity that civilization needs to set-up, as a matter of survival.
Those who want to cling to a more barbarian, less scientific past certainly cannot claim to have the will to moral superiority. They are like those who believe Muhammad rode to Jerusalem on a winged mule. One cannot accept the principle that one can believe in anything, accept that anybody can believe in anything, and civilization will go on. Verily, superior morality, superior smarts.
If anything, Quantum Physics show that much more things are connected in mysterious ways than ever thought possible. Even space and time get entangled in “Quantum Procrastination“, and cease to have any conventional meaning.
To believe that this completely new, immensely more subtle than was ever suspected (Quantum) universe, has nothing to do with the way we perceive it, and conceive of it, would be an astoundingly naive, revoltingly obsolete, lack of introspection, a short step away from those winged mules.
Patrice Ayme’
Massive Nonlinearity In Climate Now Obvious, And Why
March 24, 2017
If one thinks about it, much of life as we know it depends upon Earth’s white, icy poles. The temperature of Earth depends upon said polar regions. The poles, as long as they are covered with snow, reflect much sunlight back towards space. That’s why the poles are white: because they are reflectors. Remove the poles’ whiteness, and Earth will absorb much more sunlight, her average temperature will shoot up, and then the Earth’s albedo will decrease further (Whiteness = Albedo, in Latin).
This is already happening, the effect is self-feeding, and, thus, nonlinear (nonlinear means self-feeding; the master nonlinear effect is the exponential, which grows proportional to itself). The exponential derangement of the climate is already apparent in two ways:
1. the temperatures in the Arctic have climbed at a rate up to five or even ten times faster than anywhere else (as local whiteness, albedo, disappear).
2. at some point, one expects the global temperature to do the same, and exit the linear regime. This is exactly what one has observed in the last half a dozen years, as temperatures have shot up. Also the main warming system of the biosphere, El Nino, seems to be running for the second year in a row (it used to run only every seven years, or so).
So we are leaving the linear rise in the greenhouse effects, to enter a faster, nonlinear phase.
This should not surprise anybody. Look at the CO2 graph, superimposed on a picture of Earth’s atmosphere (contemplate how thin it is!) The CO2 concentration is already massively nonlinear, and it is the main driver of climate, thus climate’s behavior can only be so.
That graph should be meditated upon. First put it on all the wall each decision maker looks the most at. Yes, horizontally, that’s half a million years…
Reality is even worse, as the graph above does not take into account other gases which have an even stronger greenhouse effect, individually than CO2, sometimes by a factor of thousands of times, per unit of mass, and which are all man-made. Nor CH4, methane, related to cattle bowels and decaying permafrost or warmed-up, exploding methane clathrates, in the preceding graph, although its greenhouse effect is huge.
CO2 concentrations are the highest since Homo Sapiens evolved. Also the change of greenhouse gas concentrations is the most brutal ever since at least 17 million years ago (when the Columbia LIP, Large Igneous Province, occurred, and, presumably, vast amounts of CO2 were injected in the atmosphere).
During the last high CO2 concentration, 110,000 years ago, although said concentrations were much less than now, average temperature got a bit higher than now (one Celsius). Sea level was at least seven meters higher. So as much is baked in, for sure. (Much of Florida and many countries, will then become shallow seas; Florida’s porous limestone will make it difficult to stop the sea.)
The nonlinear collapse of whiteness on Earth (“Earth albedo”) is apparent in the sudden collapse of the ice-covered regions in both the Arctic and the Antarctic, this last season 2016–2017. Clearly, linear graphs can’t be extended anymore, as far as spaceship Earth is concerned. Tickling the dragon by the tail works for a while, until one gets scorched!
Patrice Ayme’
Colonization All Over. So Why So Bad?
March 23, 2017
It goes without saying that colonization was a terrible thing, whine those who want to look good to themselves and other whiners. Colonization was a crime, they insist. At least that’s what PC people howl on every roof, as part of their unwitting campaign of rage against civilization. Because civilization, which was not civilized, caused colonization, this evil of evils, they crowe. Right.
We the descendants of the colonized shall howl from every roof what victims we are.
We the descendants of the colonizers, shall howl on every roof what criminals we are.
We the bipolar paranoid schizophrenic stand as accused, and may as well be mowed down by Islam driving SUVs, trucks, jumbo jets, and non sense, all over us.
Indeed, ladies and gentlemen, who does not descend from colonialists and colonizers?
All the Americas were colonized.
All of Oceania was colonized (twice at least).
Was the colonization of Australia by aborigines (who are part Denisovans), 50,000 years ago, a bad thing? It killed a lot of marsupials!
Sénégal: Organized, unified, but never really colonized! A very rare case!
Japan was colonized (twice at least). Japanese civilization started for real, when the archipelago was colonized. By the Chinese.
Some will say China was never colonized. Well, there used to be 100 nations with 100 languages in China, as recently as three centuries ago (the emperor himself recognized then, in a very sophisticated intellectual exchange with the Jesuits; and he expressed both his will to respect that, and his incapacity to do otherwise). However, nowadays, Mandarin (just one language) is taking over, all over. And all Chinese are forced to assimilate with the Borg in Beijing. That’s colonization therein. Is it bad? My daughter is learning Chinese, or, more exactly, Mandarin. She will be able to talk all over.
Madagascar was colonized (thrice; from Indonesia, Africa, France). Even Greenland was conquered by the Inuits, who pushed away the Vikings… (On their way, the Inuits had annihilated previous denizens in the northern Canada archipelago…)
Most of Africa was colonized multiple times. By descendants of Neanderthals (!), Bantus, Phoenicians, Greco-Romans, Arabs, etc.
All of Russia is a huge colony, all the way to Kamchatka. “Russ” initially means Eastern Swedes. The Eastern Swedes, Viking style, invaded the huge placid rivers of Eastern Europe, all the way down to the Black Sea (where they could trade with the Romans). In the Tenth Century, Vladimir of Kiev conquered Crimea from the local Khan (Mongols who had themselves conquered centuries earlier the Greeks, who had conquered a millennium prior, etc.)
Even China was momentarily (a few centuries here and there) conquered by Buddhists, Tibetans, Mongols, Mandchous…
Arabia was greatly colonized by Persia, much later Turkey (Ottomans) for centuries.
Europe, shortly before Rome rose, was invaded by the Celto-Germans, who covered up the entire continent, all the way to Anatolia. When Caesar invaded, Gaul (“Gallia”) was made of 60 nation-states.
Much of India was invaded, colonized by white men coming from the north, central Asia, four thousand years ago, or more. That’s why India and Europe enjoy the same Indo-European language family.
Egypt was invaded by the Arabs, more exactly by Caliph Omar’s army. Never recovered (whereas Egypt had recovered from colonization by Black Pharaohs, Nubians, Sea People, Libyans, Greeks and Romans). Egyptians themselves had to decolonize the Sahara desert and concentrate on the Nile Valley and adjoining oases.
A real question is: which places in the world were not colonized?
Paradoxically, much of West Africa is one of the most pristine, uncolonized places.
West Africa is generally viewed as having been a French, British, Portuguese colony, and that’s superficially true.
West Africa also exported a lot of slaves (to the Americas).
However, West Africa was one of the much untouched places. (Contrarily to whiny repute!)
Not like Europe: all old European languages were wiped out by the Indo-European, Celto-German invasion (or close to it: Basque is a tiny remnant of what once was.)
And don’t brandish southern Europeans as old stock: the Middle Easterners came from the Fertile Crescent, with their futuristic crops (wheat, etc.) and their genes, 9,000 years ago. Another invasion to run over the many Sapiens invasions all over Europe, in the last 100,000 years. Neanderthals made it to North Africa, big time, and their genes to South Africa, but apparently not to West Africa.
A real question: when is colonization good, when is it bad?
From the point of view of the invaded, one will guess that colonization is often bad. Yes, but not always. The invasion of Gallia by Caesar would end up creating the strongest part of the Roman empire, Francia, and the Birth of the West. Viewed that way, it was a good thing. And it sure is a good thing if there was no other way to get that good thing. Was it? We don’t know. Was Caesar innocent of the invasion? We don’t really know.
“Colonization” in West Africa was mostly a joke, or more exactly, civilizing: ten French officers ordered around 5,000 Senegalese soldiers who, truly, conquered Sénégal. So, in truth, Senegal conquered Senegal under French management. In truth, there were basically no colons in Senegal: the land stayed property of the Senegalese (compare with the USA, where Indian lands were nearly completely distributed by the colonial government in Washington to the European colons!)
A big argument for the “colonization” of Africa was the eradication of slavery, which was endemic, pandemic, chronic, extensive and ubiquitous in Africa (the globalization of African slavery to the Americas, escaping the long arm of European law, has not been properly characterized…)
Here are the national languages of Senegal:
Some of these languages are tonal, some are not (making them a different as latin and Chinese!) It goes without saying that packing such different nations in so tight a space (less than 200,000 square kilometers), result in mayhem, just to keep the population stable. So Senegal has, rightly so, just one national language.
Colonization is good when it brings lots of progress, and less mayhem:
This should go without saying. However, the usual interpretation of (hard) multiculturalism is that all cultures are equally worth of respect. This thesis implies that progress does not exist. So we may as well regress, and have plutocracy.
So we see who these proponents of hard multiculturalism were trying to seduce: the powers that be.
By refusing to see when, how colonization has been, and could be, good, they refuse to bring reason to judge destiny. A silly attitude, considering how fast destiny moves these days.
But of course fundamentally hypocritical.
At least, nobody can accuse me to be a hypocrite. I don’t under (hypo) criticize. It’s much more fun, to over-criticize… And criticize all over… Colonization: assess, but don’t deny, its crimes, just as its merits. And remember the fine lines between colonization and immigration.
Patrice Ayme’
Further Horror From Sick & Depraved Superstition
March 22, 2017
Theresa May, British PM, less than two hundred meters away, spoke of the “sick and depraved attack“. Well, sick and depraved Qur’an, that is. Learn to distinguish cause and effects.
Indeed, another Islam attack, this time in London. Around 30 dead or wounded on the famous Westminster Bridge and Parliament next door. The problem with these Islam activities is not just the number of death and wounded, but that democracies have to learn to live under constant threat, deploying enormous means to insure safety, while, at the same time, master thinkers paid by the Islamists themselves tell us that we are racist if we fear Islam. Just, if we have a fear (“phobia” in Greek), we are racist. If we fear death, we are racist, whereas Islamists are not racist, because they don’t fear death? That’s what those distinguished thinkers paid by the Islam potentates and those who serve them, to serve themselves even better, want us to believe.
Many times in the Qur’an, a very short book, are variants of the following passages presented as orders from Allah, the so-called “god” therein:
Kill the idolaters wherever you find them, and capture them, and blockade them, and watch for them at every lookout…” (Qur’an 9:5).
Learn the madness: It’s racist to fear that the believers are ordered to kill you
Sometimes the Qur’an recommend to burn the idolaters, sometimes to make them drink molten lead, sometimes to crucify them, sometimes to cut their hands, feet, heads, or to remove their skin, or to submit them to a rain of stones (that’s for homosexuals), and so on and so forth.
All this was enacted. The Fourth Caliph, Ali, master thinker of Iran and Shiites in general, was partial to burning his enemies alive. Ali the pyromaniac sadist is much admired by more than 100 million devoted deranged.
When confronted to all this violence, Islamists always say this: the Qur’an refer to specific situations, while other parts offer universal spiritual principles. To understand the hyper violent passages of the Qur’an, we must take into account the historical circumstances at the time of its revelation.
That’s of course complete BS. Nobody knows the exact circumstances: there is no historical order in the Qur’an. Instead the chapters (Surahs) are ordered according to decreasing length.
And the fact is the book of horrors present its revelations as general principle, not giving any specifics of the circumstances (go read the book of horrors if you don’t believe me) .
Worse: the most violent verses were written in the last two years of Muhammad’s life, when he became dictator of Mecca, after persuading the Meccans to not fight him to death. Once the Meccans had let him rule over them, Muhammad changed his music, and having baited the Meccans with the soft verses of the Qur’an, switched, and hooked them hard with the vicious, lethal verses.
One should therefore not be surprised that Muhammad died suddenly, screaming he had been poisoned. At least a poisonous cockroach, well done? Well, some of Muhammad’s message was OK, like enslaving girls, rather than killing them.
Another lame line of argument of the Islamists is to bleat that similar violence is in the Bible. Of course: Muhammad’s entire point is that Jews and Christians did not respect the god of Abraham enough. Abraham was a famous would-be child killer, who made a religion out of the will to kill one’s own children.
Anybody who preaches to children the Bible textually and literally should be sent to prison for a long time.Same with the book of horrors we are presently excoriating.
By Killing Unbelievers, Islamists get their ticket to paradise:
Quran (19:70-72) – “And surely We are Best Aware of those most worthy to be burned therein. There is not one of you but shall approach it. That is a fixed ordinance of thy Lord. Then We shall rescue those who kept from evil, and leave the evil-doers crouching there.” No person will avoid going to hell, but Muslims will eventually be pulled out.
Quran (4:95) – “Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah hath granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home) by a special reward.” Allah distinguishes Muslims from one another based on their willingness to fight and die in Holy War. Non-violent Muslims will not receive as high a reward as the Jihadis.
And it’s not just the Qur’an of horrors. The other two great sacred books of Islam join in ordering even more and more detailed horrors (a little known one is that all the Jews have to be killed, see Hadith 41… Before the Final Judgment can proceed…)
Hadith and Sira
Sahih Muslim (20:4649) – The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: ‘All the sins of a Shahid (martyr) are forgiven except debt.
Abu Dawud (14:2515) – I asked the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him): Who are in Paradise? He replied: “Prophets are in Paradise, martyrs are in Paradise.”
Islamist intellectuals in the West, paid by plutocrats from oil and kleptocratic finance are the root of the problem:
Indeed Islamists are paid handsomely by the Feudal warlords of the Middle East and their oil men and financial co-conspirators (the oil money has to get recycled somewhere). So, all over the West, pseudo-thinkers roam, generally paid by “institutes” and “media”, claiming that to disrespect Islam is racist (those well financed institute and media themselves paid by those who have interest that Islam, the Middle Ages . Actually, it’s the obverse which is racist, making it so that a book of horror is revered by one billion.
As long as the heads of the Islamist state hydra keeps spewing its intellectual venom, the state of Islamism will perdure. And that head is in the West. Quite officially so since the Great Bitter Lake conspiracy.
To cut off Islamism, we have to cut off respect for the book of horrors. Just as we did for the Bible. Or “Mein Kampf”. i admit that, The Bible, like “mein Kampf” is an interesting book (OK, it is much more entertaining than “Mein Kampf”, with its rains of stones on homosexual, children tortured to death, just because their dad irritated the god of Abraham, the guy who wanted to kill his son to lease his boss, etc.).
Islamism is just a symptom of plutocratization, with its own merits, as far as plutocrats are concerned, one of them being to divide us, by preaching to us that we are wrong to be afraid of death at the hands of Islamists…
Patrice Ayme’
MORALITY IS ABSOLUTE, Since Evolution Is God
March 20, 2017
Science has demonstrated the existence of our creator. It’s not a black monolith, a la 2001, Space Odyssey, nor is it a somewhat crazed transgender humanoid with issues, as the so-called “New Testament” has it.
There is a God, and it created us in a little more than four billion years. Its name is biological evolution. Evolution, this all too real god transcends the ones of all too obsolete religions.
Biological evolution, our Creator, made it so that we come endowed, by naturally developing, a natural morality, ethology. Ethology is more developed, more plastic, more variable and intelligent in human beings than in any other species. Why? Because naturally developing morality depends upon naturally developed logic. And human beings are more logically capable than any other animals (although recent political evolutions may lead one to think otherwise…)
Ethology is experimentally established: Capuchin Monkeys have a sense of fairness, for example. That sense of fairness can override more primal urges necessary for survival (like hunger, or safety).
Tiny Moralists Think Hard: Experimental studies show that Monkeys Stay Away from Mean People.
Capuchin monkeys show biases against humans who deny help to others. This finding suggests that being able to identify undesirable social partners (even in other species) has very ancient evolutionary roots (since our common ancestors with Capuchin monkeys date at least from the separation of South America from Africa. Now that dates to the early Cretaceous: open marine conditions between America and Africa happened by 110 million years ago. This, in particular means that our proto-monkey ancestors, as suggested in some Disney animation movies, enjoyed the presence of dinosaurs for 40 million years; as a reminder, let me point out in passing that those smart primates around, omnivorous as they are, may have found dinosaurs eggs a very handy snack when the world got devastated by eruptions, asteroids, etc… Thus pushing the mesotherms (dinosaurs, etc.) into extinction…)
Recently, ethological studies were extended to rats. Rats can override their primal urges to help a fellow rat.
So we don’t need a god invented in the last 32 centuries to explain why we have a sense of right and wrong. There is an absolute morality, but its application can be extremely variable according to circumstances. That is clear when studying the ethology of lions, say, which is all over the place: lions can be fair, tender, devoted, demented, cruel, vicious, selfish, generous, and even protecting of other species… The same pretty much can be observed with chimpanzees (who, after all, have to scare away lions…)
Absolute morality is a mix of what our bodies find pleasurable (that’s the automatic, “genetic” and “epigenetic” part), and what logics compels us to do. Logic itself we learn from the environment, as a sort of proto-physics.
Then, in turn, this learned logics interacts with the ethical circumstances at hand. (Sometimes the logic gets entangled in circumstances to lead to sheer insanity; see the famous Melian dialogue where a maniacal Athens disingenuously explains to Melos why Athens has to be cruel and demented in the Athenian will to annihilate Melos, if Melos won’t submit…)
Logics (again, a proto-physics discovered by the baby, and then the child interacting with the world) is an integral part of what enables us to make our natural ethology operational. Those who “believe” in superstitions which stretch plausibility beyond the breaking point (son of god being crucified, as if that was going to save us, or Muhammad going to Jerusalem, carried by a winged horse, now that the Archangel Gabriel finished instructing him in Arabic, in the name of god…) are violating the law of logic.
Natural ethology is established in part from logic, and the logic each individual holds to be true, depends, to some extent, upon circumstances. Thus natural human ethology is relative, precisely because it’s absolute. In the end, like Brownian motion, it all averages out (absolutely). Moral outliers, like Nazism, get eradicated by evolutionary processes.
Babies discover at some point, that fellow humans don’t always tell the truth, and “belief” should not be absolute, except for excellent reasons (this is one of the point of the fables taught to children: don’t blindly believe others…)
Faith based on unbelievable beliefs deny this learned, mandatory suspicion.
In general, as science has progressed enormously in the meantime, unbelievable beliefs used to be more much believable than they are now. Thus unbelievable beliefs violate logics, the basic of our natural ethics, much more than they used to. Thank god!
That violation of ethics, coming from a violation of basic logic is neither accidental, nor incidental. Instead, it was a Machiavellian plot. Still is, when Obama tells us “Islam is a religion of peace” (which are the religions of war, tell us, please, Oh, Great Bama?)
Violating basic logics is precisely why Roman emperors imposed Christianity (under the penalty of death found in the edicts of emperor Theodosius, 390 CE). That enabled to make god in the image of the emperor, and thus, the emperor’s rule, divine. At the same time it habituated people to violate basic natural ethics, and even basic logic, thus making We The People much easier to dominate, exploit and abuse.
The same basic reasoning established Islam (the ferocious part of the Qur’an was written as Muhammad finally became dictator of Mecca, hence in the same position as Theodosius, 242 years prior).
By violating logic (not believing in anything whatever), the Abrahamic faiths are in violation of absolute, evolution given, ethology.
Our physical powers are becoming increasingly divine. Our capacity for destruction, annihilation, horror, abomination and infamy, are ever greater, to the point we are in the process of destroying most of the most advanced life on Earth. The only way to stop, or mitigate, this, is by ever more rigorous ethics. Thus it has become a moral imperative more urgent than ever to break whatever threatens logics.
Patrice Ayme’
Merkel, Europe’s Destroyer, Suffers At Trump’s Hands
March 18, 2017
Trump Not Embracing Merkel, And Why Should We?
Trump refused to shake Merkel’s hand in the Oval Office, although the press asked for it, and Merkel called Trump’s attention to it, and asked him to. Instead Trump, looking quite angry, totally refused.
Merkel long looked like a nice mother for us all, at least, to some of us, yet, she is arguably a Europhobic snake, envenoming us all, herself included. It became quite obvious with the treatment Greece got, a few years ago, it has gotten worse.
Among Merkel’s crimes:
1. Demolishing the economies of many European countries, by abusing the Euro single currency system, in conjunction with thousands of failing, bankrupt German banks which constitute a disguised subsidy for the industrial substructure of Germany, the Mittelstand..
2. Since 2000 CE, the German industrial production shot up 50% relative to the French industrial production. Cause? My mom thinks that’s because the French are lazy: however, the French work clearly more than the Germans. High unemployment was caused mostly by business failure. So the real cause? What I just mentioned. France’s banking structure of very large banks can’t help anymore: those who helped local communities failed and were not replaced, thanks to the “Free Market” cult of France’s enemies. Whereas the German small banks keep on going, state subsidized… Germany refuses to speak about them! So the Euro monetary system was captured to serve German industrial production: no subsidies for France, plenty of subsidies to Germany (through a low Euro, low as a German currency… while pouring subsidies to German Mittelstand companies…).
3. Merkel caused Brexit, by frightening the British with the sudden influx of more than one million Muslims (many semi-savage) refugees, in a few months. Merkel speaks of her humanity, but that’s not enough: Hitler, too, spoke of his humanity, and his attention to minorities (I am an extensive Adolf Hitler and general Nazi reader, I always found this highly instructive…)
4. Germany spends only 1.3% of GDP on defense, leaving most of the fighting to the French and American Republics. France and the US have also to feed, at ruinous cost, enormous military-industrial establishments upon which their military depend, and upon whose research German private industry profits, when it reaches the private domain! (That’s particularly onerous for France whose completely independent military-industrial complex is very expensive. For example, the French Rafale, the best stealth fighter-bomber in the world, has French engines, whereas the Swedish Gripen has US engines, and other US equipment). Donald Trump tweeted to demand that Germany “pay more” to the United States for its defense, only hours after meeting with Merkel. By undermining Europe, hopefully without even understanding she did, Merkel deserves a lot of scorn. Here is why:
Christianization provided with a mystical cover to unify Europe linguistically, culturally, legislatively, intellectually, civilizationally, and militarily. The more recent cult of the nation-state has worked against this unified spirit, replacing it by plutocratizing selfishness feeding on tribal hatred of the most satanic type… This is why a political European Unifying Confederation is needed now.
At this point, a grave crisis exists: Brexit will happen, some of the louder mouths and advisers of Trump, including Trump himself, understand Europe even less than Bill Clinton and Obama. Stephen Bannon, about whom a lot of vicious lies are told, does indeed approve of Brexit (I used to have a very educated Brexiter commenting a lot on this site, Chris Snuggs, who claimed I helped launch his passion for Brexit… clearly an unintended consequence…)
Trump speaks of the USA as a “country”, and it is, even though it is full of immigrants and their offspring. Speak of a paradox! Russia, and China are also countries (especially now that everybody in China speaks Mandarin, and not just one of the 100 languages there). However the three of them, US, Russia, China, are also empires (empires, because they are gigantic countries). But there is more.
Russia and the USA are also European colonies (with Russia all too influenced by the doomed, but everlasting Oriental Roman empire, and its enemies, the Bulgarians, who, like the Mongols, were stupidly and criminally rejected by the Vatican, so they embraced Eastern Christianity, just as the Mongols ended rejecting Christianity they had long embraced, for Islam…).
As colonies of Europe, and descendants of Europe, the USA and Russia owe much to Europe. For example, their souls.
The question then becomes: what was Europe, how did European ideas come to rule the planet? That’s a question for Trump and Putin too, because European ideas made them what they are.
The answer is vast, and incomprehensible for those who have learned history as it is taught conventionally. Pundits come and say stupid things about Europe having originated in Jerusalem, Rome and Athens. Yes, right, but also the Fertile Crescent 10,000 years ago, Egypt, Sumer, Babylon, India, Phoenicia, Crete, the Celtic world, Cro-Magnon, etc.
A piece always forgotten is the role played by the Franks and their official resurrection by 800 CE of the Roman Empire. Thereafter, Europe was pretty much united by the same law, the same separation of church and state, and the same lingua franca, which was actually Middle Age Latin.
This went on until the furious religious wars which culminated in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (but started with massacring Jews at the onset of the first Crusade, by 1095 CE, and then extended with annihilating millions of Cathars in the Thirteenth Century, unleashing the demoniacal Inquisition, then hunting Vaudois, etc….) The religious wars did not happen by accident: they enabled the rise of the nation states. That happened all over: Henry VIII of England created his own religion to better kill or exploit his enemies. But that was many centuries after Portugal got liberated, and exploited religion along similar lines (the king of Portugal obtained from the Pope the authorization to enslave Africans, faithfully imitating the Muslims who had just been kicked out).
Thus the greatness of Europe arose from a common unicity of language, thought, law, freedom of travel, etc. (that was a direct extension of what happened under the Greco-Roman empire).
It is urgent to maintain enough union in Europe. Brexit is a travesty (it’s organized by plutocrats who hate to pay taxes), and a tragedy. Encouraging it is not wise. However, passing under silence Merkel’s bad acting, is even worse. (Some of the German back acting relative to the EU is older than Angela: for example, in conjunction with Goldman Sachs, letting Greece join the Euro at twice parity: that gave a boost to German exports, ruined Greece…)
Romanitas (the Roman spirit) was conveyed in part by a mystical superstition, Christianity, for more than a millennium, bringing along common languages (Latin in the West, Greek in the Orient), and common law (Roman law ruled all the lands of the old Greco-Roman empire, and more). Nation-states mangled this unity to great cost. This is why the European Union has to be preserved. But that does not mean preserving its errors, nor preserving its non-dits (“not saids”, a useful French philosophical concept).
My objections against Merkel are quite ancient. See my essay: “Merkler?” I didn’t wait for Trump to be born again. Merkel dug Europe’s grave with too much short-sighted Germany first selfishness (although some of his policies, on education and science were excellent, effective, and important). Her holy than thou attitude when the French Republic finished the Libyan dictator which France had been fighting for
Raus, Frau Merkel! SPD’s excellent Martin Schulz would make a much better chancellor!
Patrice Ayme’
March 17, 2017
Saint Patrick, A (Mental) Power Story
Judges Can Be Of Some Use For The Progress of Civilization:
The Difference Between Sotus and Scottus:
Of these little piques great civilizations are made.
Christianism As The Triumph Of The Logos:
θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος: LOGIC IS GOD:
Patrice Ayme’
Artificial Consciousness?
March 14, 2017
Move over, Artificial Intelligence! Artificial Consciousness, while not exactly around the corner, is in sight, as a human creation. I have already advocated, on very general philosophical grounds, that “Consciousness Is Quantum“. Now an article in Aeon argues, reproducing rather murkily Heidegger-like Zeitgeist, that “The body is the missing link for truly intelligent machines“. I will argue a bit more precisely, and it is not the first time, that machines are embodied self-creating intelligent designs. When brains learn from the environment, they self-create accordingly. (The details will probably involve a better knowledge of Quantum Physics than what we presently enjoy.)
Well before his famous parrots (Husserl, Heidegger, etc.) the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was saying that we think with our gut. Expressions such as “take heart”, “from the heart”, “gut feeling”, and countless others show that the body was long thought to be the source of emotion.
Indeed, neurology extends over the body: there are neurons, dozens of thousands of them, in the heart, guts, spinal cord.
One may view the rise of animals as the rise of organized intelligence. It is likely that, even before DNA, the sort of teleological intelligence Quantum Physics deploys was hijacked by biology (teleo means: at a distance, this comes from the nonlocality of Quantum Physics; “intelligence”, because all and any Quantum Process proceeds as an intelligent choice between various possibilities, encompassing all, thanks to said nonlocality!)
Innards of an Eukaryotic Cell. We are made of trillions of them. Each has hundreds of organs, each functioning as a Quantum Computer. Such cells appeared 2.5 billion years ago. They are vastly more complex than bacteria, and remarkable by their mastery of Quantum Computing.
This natural selection of intelligent self-design, by the way, is the missing piece of evolutionary theory: consciousness, from bio-engineered intelligent design.
Inside the thinking organism, the same propensity towards higher intelligence should be at work (haphazard selection being bound to find, in the end, the best system). Sleep is mostly flight simulation, where plausible scenarios are self-run, memorized, and meditated upon. The “Meta” function is known to be plausibly activated by new dendrites, new synapses, new neurons, and neurons which control myelination along axons (making them more or less conductive, here or there).
This means that software activation in the brain brings hardware modifications, and even gigantic hardware creation. Through intelligent (self-)design. We were looking for Intelligent Design, in their silliness. And it was us, all along!
Throughout, Quantum Processes are run, more or less haphazardly thanks to whatever stimulation the cosmos brings.
Cosmic rays modify the behavior of smart phones and computers… although those do not, yet, operate Quantum Mechanically (aside from a few prototype Quantum computers), and are larger by orders of magnitude than the smallest biological scale. Whereas it is known in the case of a few biological systems, that Quantum Physics is central and essential for their functioning (for example chlorophyll). One can guess it is the same all over the finest biology, even for the genetic code (the hydrogen bonds therein are fragile Quantum devices, very sensitive to the environment surrounding the DNA; they will change if said environment changes)
Thus brains are embodied Quantum computers, constantly running, constantly self-recreating, and body-building according to what they perceive out there
The day we can have Quantum hardware endowed with the same nature, capable of the same feats, we will not just have created Artificial Intelligence. We will have created AC, Artificial Consciousness. The ethical and security consequences will be many.
Patrice Ayme’
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Kew Gardens, Pharmacies
Kew Gardens, city is located in Queens County, New York State, US.
Kew Gardens, Time Zone is EST and Area code, to make phone calls to a Kew Gardens, Pharmacy, is 718
You can search for Kew Gardens,, NY pharmacies by their name or address
Kew Gardens, Drugstores - New York
Zip Code is 11415 and Currently there are 9 pharmacies and drugstores in our database for Kew Gardens, City.
Kew Gardens, Pharmacy and Drugstores - US
By pressing keys ctrol + F you can search Kew Gardens, drugstores and pharmacies by its names.
You can search also for: Kew Gardens, Clinics and Kew Gardens, Assisted Living Homes.
New York Pharmacies by Cities
View more New York drugstores and pharmacies by cities
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78165
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Plugin to enable automatic system shutdown after finishing a print job
This OctoPrint plugin enables the system to be automatically shut down after a print is finished. The user can enable automatic shutdown for each print by using a checkbox in the sidebar. Once the print is finished, a popup will appear with a countdown which lets the user abort the shutdown.
Automatic Shutdown Plugin
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Thread: Knightscope, fully autonomous robot to predict and prevent crime, Knightscope, Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA
1. #21
2. #22
Autonomous security robot overview v1.1
Published on Jul 27, 2017
3. #23
Knightscope Press Conference 20 Sep 2017
Published on Sep 21, 2017
Knightscope unveils the K1 and K7 security robots in addition to an update on the K3 and K5.
4. #24
This security robot can detect weapons
Published on Sep 21, 2017
A new wave of Knightscope crime-fighting robots is rolling out to patrol malls and airports alongside human security guards.
"Crime-fighting robot can detect weapons in a crowd"
Watch out, criminals. Knightscope’s new security robot uses the same technology as TSA screening points to detect the size and shape of weapons.
by Lexy Savvides
September 21, 2017
5. #25
K7 Beta prototype takes a spin
Published on Oct 17, 2017
6. #26
Security robots - the gadget show
Published on Feb 9, 2018
Ortis and Yue are in San Francisco taking a look at the latest in security technology.
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Snapshot Pro Restore
I'm not sure if I misunderstood how Snapshot Pro works or if I'm doing something wrong.
I have to restore a site with snapshot pro. When I ran the restore process from the backup, theme configuration wasn't there and there were weird characters added to the text.i.e Â, ’. These characters were not there before and it's an all English website.
Unfortunately, the site I want to restore is all corrupted so I can't recreate the backup file again. All I have is the latest copy of the backup file created from the scheduled Managed Backup process.
Is there a special setting I missed? Does Snapshot Pro backup everything?
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GCSE Crime and deviance
Crime and deviance
Katy Snell
on 22 April 2013
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Transcript of GCSE Crime and deviance
GCSE Sociology Crime and Deviance Social control Informal rules eg speaking with your mouth full
Formal rules eg breaking laws Criminal statistics How do we explain crime and deviant behaviour? Non-sociological explanations Who is criminal? Formal social control When written rules and laws are broken, certain bodies in society enforce them or punish the people that break them Informal social control When unwritten rules are broken that people disapprove of, friends, family, religion and wider society react (this can be negative and positive) Of those crimes reported to the police and recorded by them, a quarter were detected and cleared up.
Only 3% of all crimes in England and Wales end up with a conviction.
1 in 15 women reporting a rape saw the rapist convicted Different ways crime is recorded Police recorded crime
Victim surveys
Self-report surveys
Court and prison records of police cautions The 'dark figure of crime' The large gap for many offences betwen the amount of crime committed and that finally recorded by the police Deviance: any non-conformist behaviour which is disapproved of by society or a social group, whether it is illegal or not
Crime: a term to describe law-breaking behaviour Socially constructed? The official crime statistics are a result of a series of choices and decisions made by the people involved, such as victims, witnesses and the police. Witnessed Defined Reported Recorded Psychological Biological Sociological explanations Inadequate socialisation
The opportunity structure
Relative deprivation
Sub-culutural theories
Anomie Psychological explanations for criminal and deviant behaviour focus on personality traits of individuals e.g. impulsivity Biological explanations focus on looking for biological causes in individuals, e.g. Lombroso Hug a hoodie How would labelling account for Ryan? Males and crime The Chivalry thesis Class and crime Corporate and white collar crime Males and crime Men commit four crimes for every one we know about.
95% of the prison population are men.
Socialized to be tough?
Targeted by the police
More free time and independence Chivalry Thesis An explanation as to why women appear not to be committing as much crime as men:
Paternalism and sexism from the criminal justice system
Women commit less serious offences Females also may not commit as much crime because:
The stereotypes police have
Social control
The female roles - less independence than men
Commit less detectable offences Class and crime Working class people are more likely to be arrested and charged than those in other classes - why?
Poverty and unemployment
Stereotyping and prejudice
Informal social control
Lower working class values
White collar cime and corporate crime is under-represented as the 'crime problem'. White collar and corporate crime Who is racist? Black people are five times more likely than white people to be in prison.
In 2006, people classed as black in Britain made up 2.8% of the population but 11% of the prison population. Why? It could be explained in different ways:
The statistics reflect that one ethnic group commits more crime than another
Higher proportions of black people experience unemployment so the level of crime may be linked to poverty and relative deprivation
Statistics exaggerate the levels of crime in society because of biased policing – black people are more likely to be targeted, prosecuted, convicted and sentenced to longer than other ethnic groups. See the Macpherson Report finding racism in the Met. Media Stan Cohen 1973 - The amplification of deviance process Actual event is reported by the media The report raises concerns amongst the population who demand 'something is done' The police put more resources in that area More people are caught doing the illegal act The number of media reports increase Fear of crime People are more frightened of crime than they should be (rationally) In the British Crime Survey, 15% of people though they were fairly or very likely to be a victim of burglary in the next year, when in reality, their risk is 2%.
The media fuel this belief and fear, for example, rates of knife and gun crime are falling.
Full transcript
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Illuminati… Sacrifice of a Prince
The enemy is real and he is destroying a people who are certain he does not exist…
On the day the Queen of England turns ninety, Prince dies at 57.
90-57=33… the magic number.
On the nineteenth of April, the first of thirteen days of pagan celebration, the Arch of Triumph went up in London’s Trafalgar Square. Two nights it glows, illuminated in bright red lights. On the third day, the sacrifice is made…
I know, your church taught you that these things were just imaginary. They said that it isn’t real. They taught that there is no power in these things.
They lied to you and deceived you. Satan’s Seed is among us. Their god is very real and his army is powerful. You cannot fight him because the Masons who run the Seminaries, sit on Church Boards and hire and fire Pastors, were determined that the truth would be hidden from you. They decided that you would be unprepared… How can you fight an enemy your Pastor told you did not exist?
The weapons of our warfare are powerful, to the bringing down of strongholds, but if you are like more than ninety percent of the Christians in the United States, you were never taught what those weapons are or how to use them… Why would you need to learn to fight an imaginary enemy? If there is no enemy, why train for war?
It is time to take off the blinders, open your eyes and look around you… The enemy is real and he is destroying a people who are certain he does not exist…
Take up your Cross and follow Jesus. You have the weapons that can destroy the enemy. It may be late but now is the time to practice war…
Author: davidrice1951
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78221
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How writing a novel differs from writing a screenplay: my last post on STORY
After reading my earlier posts on STORY, you might think I’m 100% sold on the book. I have to admit that I’m a fan, but I do have some quibbles, largely on the adoption of screenwriting techniques for short story or novel writing.
Differences between writing for readers and for viewers that limit the utility of STORY:
1) (The only one I noticed pointed out by McKee) You may get inside the characters heads and explore their thoughts in literature. This creates a greater intimacy between the narrator and the reader. It also means the conflict can be much more subtle and much more interior.
2) Some readers like descriptive, sensory details that can’t be experienced with film — smell and touch can be better evoked, for example (unless you’re viewing in smell-o-rama).
3) The audience must work harder when reading print–in a good way.
4) When contrasted with other useful literary guides, you see some shortfalls. For example, if you look at Card’s MICE, you’ll find a device that describes a wide variety of genres. Meanwhile, the techniques of STORY really only reply to character and event stories. They have limited application, I think, in certain kind of milieu and idea stories. And some more contemporary or postmodern short stories completely violate the principles of STORY by circumnavigating the issues of plot by foregrounding characters or playing fast and loose with time. The author of an article in Vanity Fair similarly feels the principles of STORY don’t apply well to the horror genre.
cover mitch albom first phone call from heaven
Mitch Albom’s latest book alternates fiction with non-fiction snippets describing the invention of the telephone. He uses this strategy to illuminate certain aspects of the main storyline.
5) The structure of print stories and books is significantly less dependent on a linear narrative than the average film. Not only might they present events out of order, but they may intersperse facts about a particular technology (such as in a McClancy political or military thriller or a Crichton sci-fi thriller) or bits of history (like in Mitch Album’s latest) or even poetic musings.
6) As a few other writers have complained, the method McKee suggests for writing (starting with structure and moving out from that) will work for some, but it is certainly not how every successful writer creates. Even a single writer can write in different ways: sometimes the story just pops in their head after reading a headline, sometimes the character appears first in their head and procedes to tell the writer about their troubles, sometimes a scene is evoked by a sensory experience, not yet tied to any specific plot…Writers should write the way their brains work, not just the way McKee’s brain works.
7) McKee’s techniques to identify the sources of antagonism (by identifying your core value, it’s contrary and contradictory values and the extreme opposite) in a plot has some merit, but I don’t buy into how he labels certain values in each category. I never felt that he had a really nuanced handle on psychology or philosophy in this discussion.
One last problem I have with STORY:
McKee’s excellent book has become too popular in some respects. So many new screenwriters learn from him and adopt the methods he recommends that innovation is stymied. And too much emphasis is on McKee’s tastes. We should make the art we want to make, not the art McKee wants us to make.
Still a classic
Overall, I think the book is a must-read, chock-full of useful ideas. But it is certainly not the end-all, be-all of writing.
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Links of the Week (5/12/18)
Links of the Week
Links of the Week
1. CNLP 180: William Vanderbloemen On How To Gain A Competitive Advantage By Creating An Amazing Culture Staff And Volunteers Won’t Want To Leave – by Carey Nieuwhof
2. How To Prepare For A Productive Planning Retreat – by Dan Reiland
3. Pastors: 4 Reasons You Need a Friend – by Trevor DeVage
4. Thought Thread: Faithful – by Steve Carr
5. The ‘Family of Churches’ Model of Church Planting – by David Dummitt
6. 7 Questions Leaders Should Use Often – by Ron Edmondson
7. 11 Practices Of Smart And Successful Leaders – by Brian Dodd
8. 7 Reasons You Need a Sermon Evaluation Team – by Chuck Lawless
9. Christians, Social Media, and Having a Caring Heart – by Josh Reich
10. 5 Things Every Church Website Must Have – by Bryan Haley
Rookie Preacher Articles
11 Tips for Using Sermon Illustrations – by Steve Tillis
PLP 4: Steps to Efficient Sermon Preparation – by Brandon Kelley
4 Things Holding Your Elder Board and Staff Back From Thriving – by Brandon Kelley
Grow as a Preacher and Leader
Written by Brandon Kelley
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8 Minutes to CSS Genius | Box Shadow Ninjutsu
In just 10 minutes you too can be a CSS genius. Do you like style? Do you like color? Don’t hesitate say yes aloud, now! This is the CSS tutorial for you, right here on this page are all the answers.
*I do not actually cover box shadow.
So in this quick tutorial I am going to briefly touch on div’s in HTML, basic CSS, tools for implementing CSS, and bootstrap. Bootstrap is a stylesheet with a ton of pre-built styles that you can link to elements in your HTML. People freak out about it. It is powerful and approachable. However, I typically utilize Bootstrap for its columns. More on this later.
First you should have a basic understanding of HTML and CSS syntax. I am only briefly going to look at each. First HTML’s syntax looks like this:
In short this will produce an unordered list with list items inside of it.
CSS’s syntax looks like this:
The selector is the tag or element from HTML you want to style. A selector can also be a class or id that you create in HTML. The property is the type of styling you want to do. The value is actual styling, in this case all header 1’s (h1) will have a red font color.
Okay! A page of HTML looks like this:
WOW! This guy is a great coder. Yes.
Sai-tip: Copy that code into a text editor like Sublime and save it with .html after the file name. The text editor will markup the file highlighting the different aspects: HTML tags, tag attributes, content etc.
The important element to note here are the div tags. When you are first introduced to div tags I think it helps to consider them as labels for your code. Each div tag opens and then closes. Everything in between the opening and closing tag contained within that div and therefore inherits stylings from the div.
So in the code example we have a div tag that we are thinking of as a label for our container. Our container holds everything within the body tag. The body tag holds everything you see rendered on the page.
We also have div tags for navigation, content, sidebar, and footer. Each of these sections of code correspond to what you imagine on the front-end.
CSS uses these labels as a map to navigate what is called the DOM. If you want to use CSS to make the navigation div have a blue background then you can use CSS to target that section and style it. So our HTML above with the navigation div could be selected and styled in CSS like this to produce a blue background:
WOW! This guy cannot be stopped.
Okay, so here is the point in the tutorial where I sit you down and give you a solid heart to heart. The amount to which you believe me will directly correlate to how smart you are.
Learning how CSS works will take a little practice. Having a solid conceptualization of what is happening and what tools are out there will make it dramatically easier.
Okay, I am really happy we had that talk. I am standing again and therefore back to teaching.
So the next thing you need to do is have a flashback. You have worked in Microsoft Word, sent an email, played with InDesign, or any other software that had a text-editor. Any of the ways you were able to manipulate text in those programs you can do with CSS.
For example, you can make text larger, bold, add spacing between words, lines, letters.
If you want to play around with editing text and colors, here is my recommendation. I am assuming you are using Google Chrome and an Apple computer: press command+option+i. That will open this up:
Screenshot 2016-03-17 19.24.27
See my cursor about 50% of the way down the screen over on the left side. It is hovering over a button that will allow you to click on anything on the page to see the related HTML and CSS. In the bottom right corner is a bunch of CSS. You can select a HTML element, then edit the CSS live. You can read through the current CSS and get a sense of how things are working. You can uncheck each CSS property to see what it looks like without it!
This could easily be overwhelming, but getting in the habit of using the Chrome’s developer tools to play with CSS will help you immensely. Essentially you are providing yourself an instant feedback loop on your customizations.
Now it is time to up our game. The game upping process involves Bootstrap. You may be tempted to hold onto Bootstrap and that is okay, but yet again I think it is great to use for columns especially when just starting out.
So CSS allows you to more elaborately position HTML elements on the screen. But positioning in CSS is a little tricky. In comes Bootstrap columns. Nothing else, not tabs, not a bunch of extras that are going to convolute your learning experience. Columns!
So here is the grid model (aka columns!):
The screen is divided into twelve evenly sized columns. You can combine columns however you would like. A row all the way across will consist of twelve columns. As an example I can take 2 columns together + 4 columns together + 6 columns together to make a complete row across the screen.
Within the first two columns I could have my logo. In the next 4 I could have empty space. In the last 6 I could have a navigation. These columns have predefined styles in Bootstrap’s CSS. You simply name your div labels (class & ids) to match Bootstrap’s labels and positioning has become dramatically easier.
Here is the HTML from before with some Bootstrap labels linked up.
I want to introduce one last concept about every HTML element and how CSS can manipulate it. It is called the box model:
Content represents the text, link or whatever it is you have inside your HTML element. Each layer moving out can be manipulated to have color and size. You will see this same representation in Chrome’s inspector (command+option+i) if you switch from the “style” tab in the bottom right corner to the “computed” tab. That is it! Go forth and conquer!
CSS Cheatsheet, go forth and cheat!!! But honestly, cheat a lot in code because the resources are endless:
Cool color thing:
Obligatory gif:
~ تمام شده ~
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If a Christian lamentation is nothing else, it is a longing gaze heavenward—it is a grief and discontentment for the present death and destruction that Adam’s sin occasioned, and it is the expectation for what God promised: that our eyes will be wiped of our tears and our broken hearts will be bound up. Christian lamentation is the shameless acknowledgement that things are not as they should be, and things are not as they will be.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78285
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Glen A. Smith Reminiscence 1, circa 1950s
Glen A. Smith
Download Audio Interview (147.9 MB)
Download Transcript of Glen Smith Reminiscence 1 (491 KB)
Glen A. Smith reflects on his childhood in Hume, Missouri, where he was born in 1879 and where he worked on the family farm until the age of 14 when he was sent to the home of an uncle in Fredericksburg, Illinois, after his mother became ill. He recalls his attempt to enlist in the Spanish-American War, which was thwarted by his father who informed a police officer that Smith was still a minor. Smith talks about following his brother to Blackwell, Oklahoma, where he checked fences and managed cattle. He relives short vignettes of life in the late 1880s and 90s which include purchasing his first pony as a child, relic hunting with his brother, hunting and gathering in the woods of Missouri, turning his first small profits as a farm boy, and as a young man, experiencing the Oklahoma frontier during the last throes of the Homestead Act.
Document Type
Oral History
Missouri; Illinois; Oklahoma; Homestead Act; Farming; Hunting; American Indians; Ranching; Lumber; Spanish-American War
Original Date
Time Period
Twentieth century
Geographic Coverage
Original Collection
Glen A. Smith Reminiscences Oral History Project, OH 006, Archives and Special Collections, Mansfield Library, University of Montana-Missoula
Digital Publisher
University of Montana-Missoula. Mansfield Library
Oral History Number
OH 006-001
Media Type
Sound; Text
Original Format
1 reel-to-reel (03:00:00 min.) analog + 1 transcript (21 p.: 28 cm.)
Digital Format
audio/mp3; application/pdf
Run Time
02:07:08 minutes
Local Filename
OH_006_001.mp3; OH_006_001.pdf
Glen A. Smith Reminiscence 1, circa 1950s
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78338
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Among people who try to be careful about ideas, it's common to draw distinctions like the world vs. one's model of the world, or an idea vs. the words used to express that idea. There is (at least for me) a tendency to feel as though these are binary distinctions, to imagine a two-level model.
It might be better to think in terms of a three-level model instead, to draw a three-way distinction between:
1. a fact that exists in the world,
2. a concept that understands or models a fact, and
3. a text that expresses that concept.
This allows much clearer discussion of how ideas work.
When we notice things about how the world works, we're translating Facts into Concepts by observation. When we explain our ideas, we're translating Concepts into Expressions by composition.1 When we hear or read someone else's words and understand what they're saying, we're translating Expressions into Concepts by reading. When we apply our knowledge to practical ends, we're translating Concepts into Facts by engineering.
Observation Composition
Fact Concept Expression
Engineering Reading
1. in the sense of composing a text or a symphony, not function composition
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78358
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Toast Dipped in Coffee Or Tea
My grandfather used to eat toast dipped in tea for breakfast. He had no teeth. Today I dipped my buttered toast in coffee. I have all my teeth. Speaking of my grandfather, who’s dead but was a memorable character: – He had no teeth and didn’t wear dentures. – He was missing 3 or 4 fingers. – He often ate food straight from the can, unheated. – He used to
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78376
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Frequently Asked Questions about OneNote 2016 for Windows
My version of OneNote doesn't match the help topics I'm reading. What's going on?
You probably have two versions of OneNote on your computer: OneNote for Windows 10 and the OneNote 2016 desktop version. The Windows 10 version is simply called OneNote. It's great for working on the go, and is closely integrated with Windows. Learn more about basic tasks in OneNote for Windows 10 and learn about the difference between OneNote and OneNote 2016?
To check and see if you have both versions of OneNote, click the Windows icon in the lower-left corner of the screen and click All apps. Scroll to OneNote. If you have both versions, you'll see both OneNote and OneNote 2016 in the search results.
I’m using both OneNote for Windows 10 and OneNote 2016 on the same computer. How do I get my OneNote files to open in the version I want?
There are a few steps to setting or changing the default app, but you'll have to do this only once—unless you decide to change it again later.
• Click the Windows icon in the lower-left corner of the screen and choose Settings.
• On the Settings window that appears, choose System.
• On the System window that appears, choose Default apps.
• Choose Set defaults by app, and on the window that appears, scroll to OneNote.
• Click OneNote or OneNote (desktop), choose Set this program as default, and click OK.
Note: To make it easy to open your preferred version of OneNote, click the Windows icon in the lower-left corner of the screen and choose All apps. Scroll to OneNote and OneNote 2016. Right-click or tap and hold the version you plan to use most often, and choose Pin to taskbar or Pin to Start. You can pin the app to both places if you'd like. Now you open OneNote without searching for it.
For more details about changing the default version, including screenshots and steps to change which version of OneNote opens from the web, see Change the default version of OneNote on your computer.
How do I get started using OneNote?
For all the introductory procedures, and to learn more about how OneNote works, have a look at Basic tasks in OneNote 2016.
Can I open notebooks from multiple OneDrive accounts?
Although you can sign up for multiple OneDrive accounts, only one can be associated with OneNote. To open a notebook from another account (whether it’s another one of your own or someone else’s account), make sure it’s shared with your primary OneDrive account. As soon as it’s been shared, you should see the notebook listed under Files shared with you in your primary OneDrive account. Right-click or tap and hold on the notebook and select Open in OneNote from the context menu to open the notebook in OneNote.
How do I give OneNote permission to use my camera?
When you try to insert a picture from your camera for the first time, OneNote will ask for your permission to use it. If you decline and try inserting a picture again later, you may see the error message, “This app needs permissions to use your camera. You can change this in the app’s settings.”
1. Click the Windows icon in the lower-left corner of the screen and choose Settings.
2. On the Settings window that appears, choose Privacy.
3. On the Privacy screen that appears, choose Camera.
4. Make sure camera permissions are set to On and then turn the OneNote permissions to On.
Who can see my notebooks?
Although your OneNote files are stored online, they’re private unless you choose otherwise. When you open notebooks shared on OneDrive or SharePoint, OneNote will automatically honor the permissions that you’ve already set for the folders containing your notebook files.
What kind of notebooks can I open in OneNote, and where can I store them?
With OneNote, you can store and sync notebooks either on a OneDrive account or on a SharePoint server. OneDrive is a free cloud-based storage option that’s best for personal use; SharePoint is typically used in larger organizations. New notebooks that you create in OneNote are automatically stored on OneDrive. If you want to create new notebooks on SharePoint or Office 365, you must first create them with the desktop version of OneNote. For more info, see how to create a notebook and how to open a notebook.
OneNote supports notebooks that are in the OneNote 2010-2016 format. You'll need to convert older notebooks to the 2010-2016 file format before OneNote can open and read them. You can convert notebooks in the desktop version of OneNote.
The content I shared to OneNote using the Share option isn't showing up on my other devices.
It’s likely that OneNote hasn’t had a chance yet to sync your notes. Try re-launching OneNote and then manually sync the notebook.
How do I open my notebook, section, or page in OneNote Online?
1. Right-click the notebook, section or page (If you're using a touch screen, press and hold.).
2. Choose Copy Link to.
3. Paste the URL into the Address box in Internet Explorer.
How do I insert a scanned image?
Previous versions of OneNote had an option to insert a scanned image from a scanner. This feature wasn’t as reliable as it needed to be, especially on 64-bit machines, so we made the decision to remove it from OneNote. There are a few other ways to get images into OneNote:
• Use Windows Fax and Scan to scan the file to your computer and then insert it into OneNote. To use this feature, search Windows for "Windows Fax and Scan."
• Download Windows Scan from the Windows 10 Store, scan the file to your computer, and then insert it into OneNote.
• Get the free Office Lens app for Windows phone, iPhone, or Android to use your smart phone as a scanner and send the images to OneNote.
Where is the OneNote system tray icon?
If you're used to clicking the OneNote icon in the Windows system tray, you might notice that it's not visible in Windows 10. Here's how to get it to appear.
1. In the lower-left corner of the screen, click the Windows icon, and then click Settings.
2. In the Settings windows that appears, click System.
3. In the System Window, click Notifications & actions.
4. In the main pane, click Select which icons appear on the taskbar.
5. Under Send to OneNote Tool, change the toggle to On.
Note: Keyboard shortcuts are a quick way to work in OneNote. To create a screen clipping, press Windows+Shift+S. To create a new quick note, press Windows+N.
OneNote shows black boxes and other visual defects on certain graphics hardware.
You can fix these rendering problems by disabling hardware rendering in OneNote. Hardware rendering improves the overall performance of OneNote, but on certain graphics hardware, hardware rendering can cause rendering problems.
Some sections aren’t showing up in my notebook.
OneNote only supports opening sections that were created in OneNote 2010 or later. If you’re missing some sections in your notebook, it’s possible that some sections were created in an older version of OneNote. Try using the desktop version of OneNote to open such notebooks and then convert them to the 2010-2016 format.
My question isn’t answered here. What can I do?
Visit the OneNote forums on Microsoft Answers.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78377
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You or your affiliates can easily create page specific links. To do this, go to Dashboard > Generate Referral Link and input the destination page. Note that this address needs to begin with the same domain address you created when signing up to Refersion, also displayed when opening this page. Then select an affiliate and click Generate.
Affiliates can do this by clicking on Create link to a specific page from the Affiliate Dashboard.
A New Custom Link popup will appear. They then enter the destination page URL (it has to be on the same domain as your site) and then click on Create Link. They can now share and promote this new custom link!
What's Next?
Learn how to create vanity affiliate links in Shopify
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78418
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Category Archives: Uncategorized
Dark Souls: The D&D Video Game that Isn’t Actually D&D
If somebody asked me “what video game today best represents old school D&D,” Legend of Grimrock comes to mind, but ultimately I think Dark Souls would be a more interesting and equally qualified answer. Given the raft of actual D&D games, branded with D&D on the box and everything, why on Earth would I think this? Hopefully I’m convincing.
Megadungeon Format
Dark Souls very much takes place in a megadungeon, and a well-made one at that. If you strip away the visual properties and various idiosyncrasies of the game and focus only on the fundamental design tropes of megadungeons you’ll find this to be the case.
Branching, Looping, Linear Pathways
Megadungeons consist of corridors with walls, meaning you are generally on a linear pathway. Sometimes these are broken into larger areas (rooms) filled with content, but the rooms only have a low number of exits (usually no more than 4 and often as few as 1 or 2). Dark Souls, perhaps simply because games are limited in this way but also probably due to design intention, is similarly made up of linear pathways punctuated by expansive “rooms” or, more video-game-appropriately, “arenas”, in the parlance of the Half Life 2 developers at Valve.
At the same time, though, these linear pathways tend to branch and loop. For more analysis of the types of exploratory pathways in games you can see this post on ENWorld. Further writing on the merits of designing good layouts of linear pathways is this piece by The Alexandrian. These are together probably two of the best examples of analyses on how to design combinations of arenas and linear pathways as far as it concerns roleplaying games, so they make good reading and say basically everything I ever could regarding background.
In summary, Dark Souls doesn’t offer an open world like Skyrim – you don’t have 360 degrees of motion between most locations – but it does offer multiple paths, shortcuts, secret passages, and the like. In Dark Souls, like in most good megadungeons, arenas are connected to each other in multiple discrete linear ways, and those connecting paths themselves are often interconnected.
Re-Stocking Enemies and Re-Treading Terrain
Megadungeons do it every time you leave (or in some cases even when you roll a random encounter, to some extent), while Dark Souls does it every time you rest at a bonfire (or die). While Dark Souls’ enemies don’t change the way a megadungeon’s might, they do still come back, and that means that just like a D&D megadungeon the megadungeon of Dark Souls is designed to not be permanently “clearable”. In Dark Souls, just like in megadungeons like the labyrinth under Castle Greyhawk, you also unlock shortcuts between areas (mentioned above) meaning what begins as re-treading dangerous ground over and over eventually becomes a much more streamlined adventure, much like higher level PCs skip straight to the lower levels of a megadungeon via some shortcut or direct access they have found, thereby reducing the amount of time the players spend re-treading familiar terrain and dealing with re-stocking enemies. Additionally, in both cases, as you level up you will find re-treading the same ground to be much easier than it originally was, but also providing much less reward. These two factors combine to encourage you to push forward outside of any story motivation – mechanically you are drawn to areas that are of appropriate difficulty, since these areas will provide reward commensurate with your out-of-game skill and in-game power level.
Subtle Narrative
There are a few ways that narrative happens in a megadungeon, and most of them aren’t what we think of when we think about exposition in modern RPGs. In a D&D megadungeon you can only reliably get information in a few ways. You can ask NPCs (most creatures wouldn’t be willing to help, though) if you manage to find any (or rarely you can ask NPCs outside of the megadungeon, but their chances of possessing significant knowledge is much less), you can look around for messages, writings, maps, and that sort of thing left behind by some precursor to yourself, you can learn by personal experience (you walk in the room and there are orcs? You know there are orcs in the room now, congratulations), or you can learn by some method of divination of non-language artifacts (either literally by using magic or more like an archaeologist by piecing together what you find laying around into a coherent story).
Dark Souls does all of these things in a very similar framework. You learn about the lore of the Dark Souls world in a few ways –
• A short introductory cut-scene.
• Rare, stilted, dialog with non-hostile NPCs.
• Messages left by other players that fit a purposefully limited format (“[thing] ahead”, or “beware of trap”, for instance).
• Non-contextual item descriptions of loot you find (you’ll get the story of the item in a few sentences, but no explanation of how it fits into the larger picture).
• Seeing something for yourself (“oh, shit, there’s a hydra in the lake!”)
All of these are distinctly limited and present to you sufficiently less than the whole picture (and, often, aren’t even entirely accurate, as in the case of player messages). They’re generally lacking in overall context, and have a direct 1 for 1 with how you learn things in a traditional D&D megadungeon. Messages on walls, messages attached to items, observation of the environment… all of these are regular elements of what modern D&D designers term the “exploratory pillar” of D&D – finding out new stuff without it all being dumped on you at once by McLecturePants the Plot-Giving Elf.
People have eventually compiled histories of Dark Souls’ lore, just like players can eventually piece together the history of a megadungeon, but it took significant effort and there are still gaps that need the interpretation of these game-world historians, just as in a megadungeon environment.
A Land Where Stuff Is Weird
As one would be informed by the entry under W in The Dungeon Alphabet, megadungeons are all about being weird. They often (though not always) represent a mythic underworld (see page 22), where things have a sort of internal sense that defies complete scientific classification no matter how hard you try. It’s a brutal landscape for no apparent reason. In OD&D monsters can pass through doors without a care in the world but those same doors are stuck for the players a full third of the time, and even if the players get them open they have a habit of closing themselves and becoming stuck again unless spiked. In OD&D monsters can see in pitch black, unless they’re in the PCs’ service, and then they miraculously lose this method of vision. It’s designed to make the game challenging, sure, but the realistic repercussions of these game design decisions is that the world is seriously weird and seriously hostile in the narrative as well.
Dark Souls is no exception here, either. It’s designed to be difficult compared to most modern games. This game design decision (difficulty) needs justification in the world’s fiction, however, and so by playing as an undead monstrosity yourself you can’t truly die permanently no matter how many times you get sent back to the last checkpoint. The brilliance of this associated mechanic that explains “restart at checkpoint” in game-world terms aside, when’s the last time you played as an undead monster in a game? Probably never if you’re most people. When’s the last time you fought a huge wolf with a sword in its mouth or a giant magic butterfly or a flaming spider-centaur with a pyromancer witch as the torso? This kind of unique strangeness, generated partially by strictly game-centric design decisions being reflected in the narrative, is paramount to enhancing the feeling of exploration made possible by the previous section.
Level & Sublevel Theming
A common thing to find in most megadungeons are highly thematic “sub-levels” (smaller areas bound within a close proximity), or slightly less thematic (but still differently themed) whole levels. Put at its simplest, Dark Souls does the same, and is even kind enough to label them for you (Valley of Drakes, Blight Town, Sen’s Fortress, Anor Londo, and so on and so forth). At its most basic, this is just about creating differently themed “zones” so that things don’t become monotonous.
Under a Big Tent
The concept of the “big tent” campaign comes from the very early days of D&D with Gygax at the helm. Since he knew many people interested in playing games of this sort, they invariably all hounded him to run them – and the games grew truly to unwieldy proportions. Perhaps some 20-odd players inhabited his home campaign, even sometimes sitting at the same table! But, more generally, they drifted in and out as the mood suited them, and the more prolific players whose characters’ names live on in infamy were just the ones who played more often and were thus more successful.
This drifting in and out of players, and the discussions the players would’ve had about what they found in the dungeons beneath Castle Greyhawk, mimics the multiplayer aspect of Dark Souls (or perhaps I should say Dark Souls mimics it, chronologically speaking) almost perfectly. The fact that Dark Souls encourages you to come together to solve the problems of a shared environment (via cooperative summoning or messages, or in the meta aspect by simply talking to other people who play the game on regular internet message boards or otherwise) is extraordinarily similar in concept to how a giant rotating cast D&D game worked back then. Some days some people went into the dungeon, other days different people went in, and sometimes they compared notes, and mixed and matched companionship of their characters as the situation warranted.
This sort of individual shared experience (you were never guaranteed to play with the same people consistently, but you all played in the same world) is a quirky similarity, but one nonetheless.
A Land Where Danger is Everywhere
The final point here is that megadungeons are not amusement park rides with fake scares and cheap thrills – they’re designed in large part to be a game and therefore a test of skill. Not only this, but their early-D&D rulesets were pretty unforgiving of mistakes or even of bad luck. Dark Souls is no exception here, either: it is to most games what gutter bowling is to bumper bowling – in some cases literally, as bottomless pits with no safety rail will regularly attest; it’s a fair, but punishing, alternative. It embraces the war-game-like feel of early megadungeon play, where the trick is for the players to outsmart the environment and progress towards a distant point of actual distinct victory (name level and making a fortress in the wilderness, enabled by their earlier successes in the megadungeon).
As I’ve demonstrated here, Dark Souls is simply the video game that gets megadungeons, and by getting megadungeons it is probably the best representation of “old school” D&D that I can think of in video game format. It has some other elements that it shares with D&D, like leveling up and weapons and armor with plusses on them, but those aren’t what makes it like D&D; they’re just superficial similarities. It has things like PvP combat, too, and that makes it no less D&D all the same. The trappings – the PvP additions of Dark Souls or the weapons with plusses – aren’t what makes the games what they are. I think that reasoning belongs to the framework of play itself: the environment.
If you care about seeing and experiencing a representation of the design aesthetics all those OSR(Old School Renaissance)-types are constantly going on about, therefore, Dark Souls is probably just about the best and clearest alternate version of that experience (complete with moving pictures and sound effects) available in a box, period.
Until Next Time,
The Hydra DM
Changing Things is Easy, Changing People is Hard
Full disclosure: this will be a very high-falutin’ theory post. It will not give you actionable material for Saturday’s game, but it may prompt in you some thoughts of your own that may yield results many weeks down the line. Your mileage may vary.
One of the reasons I originally followed @TheIdDM on Twitter (and one of the reasons I regularly took the premises of some of his posts on his blog and ran with them on my own) was not only the fact that he did for a living some of what I found very interesting as a hobby (behavioral psychology), but also that he tends to prompt some very interesting questions. One such question he prompted on Twitter went as follows (hashtag included for completeness’ sake):
It’s interesting that so many people have replied “the people make the #rpg” and yet so much time is spent discussing systems. Unbalanced?
And he’s right. What is the deal with that? For my own part, by far the majority of the content on this blog is about systems and not about people even though the people are the most important part of RPGs. Well, turns out 140 characters (or even several 140 character chunks) simply can’t be enough to express my thoughts here, so let’s begin… and hopefully by reading this you can begin to think about it, too, whether you agree with my thoughts or not.
Systems and People
Perhaps separating these two things into their own categories is something of a misnomer. After all, if we come to the logical (though disconcerting) conclusion supported by causal determinism, we can figure that a person is actually just a system with a lot of imperfect information involved. That thought is perhaps worthy of its own post, but probably on a philosophy blog and not a gaming one, so I’ll move on and leave the thought at that. For our purposes, we’re going to assume that, at the very least, the difference in degree of complexity of a human system and a tabletop RPG system turns into a difference in kind, and we’ll treat them as separate.
The first thing we need to realize here is that the tool (the RPG system) and the tool user (the person) are actually relatively inseparable, even if we don’t consider them both to be systems of simply different complexity but instead as distinct entities. Consider for a moment the martial artist wielding a sword. The sword is his tool, and if he sets it down it remains a tool but it performs no useful action. For sake of defining terms let’s consider tools that perform actions when left alone to broadly be considered automated tools (and, while we’re provoking thoughts about tools that only do things when they are used let me point you, dear reader, towards the delightful problem of the prime mover; tangential, but lots of fun to think about). In contrast, we are going to be interested in tools like the sword rather than the high-frequency stock trading machine, in that our tool of choice – the tabletop RPG – is largely non-automated.
The fact that the sword does nothing without the input of the martial artist is very much like the fact that the tabletop RPG does nothing without the input of the player(s). If nobody is there to try to take and resolve fictitious actions then the system is nothing but a pile of symbols printed on paper gathering dust in your garage (or, for the more digitally-inclined among us, a set of bits gathering e-dust on your digital storage device of choice).
There is another fact that this analogy illuminates: the martial artist can fight both with and without the sword, and while many principles are the same, the specifics of execution are generally very different. This points out that we can use many different systems, and while each of them will give us something different and worth having, at the same time the ability to play an RPG (or defend yourself) lives entirely within the player (or martial artist). Put more simply: a sword and your hand (and D&D and Call of Cthulhu) are different means to the same ends, and the skilled user can use both. Confused yet? Sorry.
Basically, the fact that you can do something different with D&D than with Call of Cthulhu is no different than being able to do something different with a rubber mallet than a steel clawhammer, or a sword than a spear. Using this knowledge, then, let’s try to look at things from a simpler perspective.
Systems as Tools
Let’s change our analogy for a minute and discuss firearms, a topic hot in the mind of the United States and around the world. If you go to a forum for firearm enthusiasts, and you say “I want a firearm to shoot at things”, the very first question you’ll probably be asked before anyone helps you decide what to buy is “what things are you going to be shooting at?” If the answer is “people breaking into my house” the gun you want is different than if the answer is “a deer in the woods”. Why? Because different guns make certain gun-centric tasks easier than others. This is the principle behind specialization: a specialist tool will beat a generalist tool at the specialist task.
The same is true of tabletop RPGs. Running a game set in the Cthulhu mythos is probably easier with Call of Cthulhu than it is with GURPS: specialist vs. generalist. Given that running an RPG at all is generally a specialist task (given how niche the hobby is, and how fragmented it is), it is probably no surprise that discussion about what system to use is the first thing that comes up. Just like the gun enthusiasts, the RPG enthusiasts assume that you are a constant and the tool is the variable. What’s up with that?
Systems as Variables and Affecting People
The answer is in the title, really: people are harder to change than systems (or at least they are systems that are harder to change than other systems). What is quicker, generally: establishing a new habit or making 30 dollars to pick up a new RPG book? Usually effectively making habits takes about a month of performing a task routinely (I speak anecdotally, but I think it’s pretty typical that it takes a few weeks before you can truly begin to do tasks on autopilot). Meanwhile making 30 dollars to get a new RPG book takes, in the US, at most a fair chunk of a day of work. If it’s 30 times faster to get a new RPG book than it is to make new habits, is it any wonder we’re obsessed with the quick fix? And really, shouldn’t we be? Why do things the hard way? More on that in a minute.
The difference between learning to shoot accurately with iron sights on a rifle at 400 meters and putting a telescopic sight on your rifle is the exact same difference between learning to use D&D in the horror genre and buying Call of Cthulhu. This is because, as I’ve established, it’s a lot faster to spend the cash and get the specialized tool for the job that makes your life easier. But… why does it make your life easier? What’s going on?
As it turns out, just as much as the person affects the tool (that is, without the person the tool will not function), the tool also affects the person. If you are using a certain tool, you will be doing a certain thing. Ever hear the saying “if all you have is a hammer every problem looks like a nail”? This is what that’s talking about. If you have a pistol you really shouldn’t be shooting at targets 400 meters away, and if you have a sniper rifle you’re really better not walking inside a house and shooting somebody right in their face from 10 feet away. By simple virtue of having a specialist tool you are going to use that specialist tool for its specialist task. If you have Call of Cthulhu out on the table, chances are strong that you’re going to run a horror game. If you have Ars Magica, chances are you’re going to be running a game about wizards in the late middle ages. And on and on.
What that means is something I picked up on as soon as I first played Spirit of the Century after only having played D&D: a good system is going to manipulate you into doing things, even things you ordinarily wouldn’t think to do, that fit the experience the game is trying to help generate. At the time I referred to its character generation method and use of Fate points, compels, invokes, and aspects as “tricking you into roleplaying well”. It felt very clever, that a game through clever use of incentives and the rules can make you do something well even if you suck at it to begin with.
This means, in fact, that we come around full circle. If you want to hit distant targets, and you’re bad at shooting at distant targets, you may want to invest in a telescopic sight. But once you get used to hitting targets at a far distance, you’ll find hitting them without the sight much easier than it used to be. If you can’t fight at all, learning to fight with a sword is going to make you suck less at fighting unarmed too (although perhaps not to a great degree). And so, with RPGs, if you can’t do horror games at all, Call of Cthulhu is there to instruct you, consciously or not, on how to do horror games.
So, at the end of that 1500 words, here’s what I’ve concluded. People are more important than the tools they use. But, despite this, the people and the tools are inextricably linked. There’s a reason forums across the internet discuss the best gun, or the best hammer, or the best RPG system: the tool is incredibly important, and it is also the easiest thing to change. And, by changing your tool, you can also change yourself. Slowly. Two birds, one much easier stone.
Post-Script –
There is one thing I noticed that didn’t really fit with the flow of this post, and that’s how damn easy it is to change the tool of a tabletop RPG. Just about anybody who’s played one for a couple of hours can start changing the rules willy-nilly and at no real cost to themselves. Consider audiophiles, or car enthusiasts or any other hardcore fandom of tools, who spend thousands and thousands of dollars to acquire the perfect tools. Now consider how much gamers spend on dice and minis – again, thousands for tools in many cases. But now consider that the most critical tool to the tabletop RPG gamer – the game system – is exceedingly inexpensive. There is no real barrier to entry to start talking about how to improve an RPG system, and indeed by their very nature RPGs require their users to tweak the rules in at least very small ways (custom monsters, traps, whatever). Compare this to, say, firearms, where only licensed professionals are even allowed to make most of the changes to those tools (while they may not apply the telescopic sight, they made it, and they made the gun it’s on, too), and you have a serious recipe for endless discussions on the system rather than the people since basically anyone can contribute (though not always well). Just something to think about, I guess.
Good GMs Borrow, Great GMs Steal #5: All About Initiative
This is the fifth of a series of posts on general mechanics you can take from one RPG system and use in another. You can find the first part here.
Initiative: What is it? And what are the different ways to do it?
Initiative is the general term used first by D&D (and probably taken from earlier wargames) to describe what thing (individual, team, army, whatever) acts first in a turn based game that involves action resolution. Because it’s difficult to do real time systems without some kind of computational engine to handle abstract task resolution, turn based is basically how we have to do it.
There are several categories of initiative for action decision, and they don’t always pertain exclusively to combat. Here are the ones I’ve heard of –
1. Individual determined – through some statistical (i.e. mechanical) method you determine which singular entity will go at what times in the turn order.
2. Group determined – through some statistical method you determine which group of entities will go at what times in the turn order.
3. Individual/group non-determined – through some arbitrary non-statistical method it is determined who goes when.
The first one we are probably mostly familiar with from modern (3e, 4e) D&D. You roll your individual roll, and you go when it says you go. The second comes in a few distinct flavors, such as “side” initiative, or “chunked” initiative. This was the original category under which 1st edition AD&D operated, whereby each side (the heroes and their retinue vs. the monsters as a team) either went first or not as an entire group. The third kind of initiative we should all be familiar with if we’ve played RPGs before from the times when we weren’t fighting anything. You just kind of determined who did what on an ad hoc basis without much of a resolution system in place until it seemed important that speed was a real factor, and that’s what this category represents.
In addition to these categories, there’s also something inherent to initiative systems, which is their flexibility. Systems that let you act later than the system says you should on purpose, or that let you interrupt the order due to some special clause in the rules, or that recalculate initiative each round (as 1st edition D&D did, for instance), all have some measure of flexibility. Having the right kind and amount of flexibility is important if you’re concerned with making what is a turn based system resemble more closely the reality of simultaneous resolution.
Speaking of simultaneous resolution, that’s the final part of initiative systems. While what I’ve described up until this point is the system under which you determine who decides what to do first, also part of initiative systems is deciding who acts on their decisions first. In individual initiative systems this is generally the same order as the decision-making, while in group initiative systems it’s usually left to be murkier about who acts when. Some systems explicitly try to replicate simultaneous resolution (war gaming is especially a place where you might find this) to some degree, and others don’t.
Different kinds of initiative: why should you use them?
This is a question to which you can probably already begin to guess the answer, given just about every RPG ever published has a different take on initiative, both in and out of combat, from every other RPG ever published. Basically, the way initiative works determines at the absolute most basic level how players interface with the game in different situations. And, if everything you do is filtered through some kind of initiative system, it’s probably a good idea to think about that system!
Some historically important initiative systems follow –
1st edition Advanced D&D
The critical elements of 1e AD&D’s combat initiative system is that in combat it is side based (though it says it could be individual based it specifically mentions that often that would be too cumbersome), is resolved at the beginning of each round (so the order of combatants who go first can regularly change), and has a system whereby spell-casting is basically decoupled from normal initiative (declare spell prior to initiative resolution, then see how long it takes and if you’re interrupted while you do it via normal initiative actions).
You can read more here about why this system might be interesting.
3e+ D&D
Critical elements here are that surprise is no longer resolved statistically, while initiative is by default individual based and resolved only once. You can, however, shift the order of the combatants by passing on your normal turn in order to act later, or in some cases (particularly in 4th edition) break into the initiative order through various rules-exceptional actions that can trigger based on certain conditions being met. This is probably what we mostly think of when we hear “initiative”.
5th edition Ars Magica
Acts mostly like the above later editions of D&D, except you can also designate several characters as a “party” (often composed of hirelings or their equivalent, rather than the powerful mages around which the game revolves), and they can determine their initiative as a group in what is otherwise a (relatively) permanent determined-once-at-the-start and individual combat initiative system.
Notable in that, like Ars Magica, it can determine initiative both individually and as a group, but also that over its course of versions has waffled between using a roll + stat for initiative order, or just using the stat.
The Extraordinary Adventures of Baron Munchausen
Notable as an example of not only a GMless RPG, but also an RPG that uses a non-statistical initiative system that is still determinant, like so –
“The player to start is the member of the company with the highest rank in society. Standard rules of etiquette apply : religious titles are always deemed greater than hereditary titles, and those higher than military titles ; if of similar rank then compare subsidiary titles, number of estates or centuries that the title has been in the family ; youth defers to age ; when in doubt the highest military decoration takes seniority ; and for the rest I refer you to the works of Messrs Debrett or Collins.
If by some mischance of birth or the poor organisation of your host you are all commoners then the first player shall be he who was wise enough to purchase the most recent edition of my game. If several have, then I thank them all ; if none have then I worry if you possess sufficient understanding the nature and responsibilities of nobility to play a game such as this, relying as it does on good judgement, generosity of spirit, proper understanding of the necessity of the patronage of worthy artists, writers and publishers, and not being a pinch-penny. If this manner of beginning is not agreeable, then the player to start should be he who was last to refill the company’s glasses.”
Dungeon World
No list of notable initiative systems would be complete without Dungeon World for a very simple reason: it uses the same initiative system both in combat and out of combat, which is something most fantasy RPGs don’t do. And, what’s more, it is a non-statistical system based on the whim of the group or orchestrated by the GM’s whim, which most RPG players would be familiar with as to how you handle initiative outside of combat in most games.
So what are these all good for?
Each of these systems of determining who acts when and in what capacity gives a slightly different spin on the way you interact with the world. I could go on and on listing more and more systems you could rip off and steal, but these should suffice in terms of training you, the reader, to recognize what an initiative system does for you given each of the different methods. Acting strictly individually tends to have the benefits of somewhat modeling the confusion of fast-paced action – you don’t really get a few minutes to discuss what you plan to do if bullets are flying by your head right this very instant (and it also tends to speed up play by focusing more on the doing and less on the planning). It can also lead to bigger surprises the less input others have into each others’ actions (which you can see at work in GMless games for the most part, like Microscope). Acting in larger groups, with more opportunity for discussion, tends to slow the game down, but also make it more engaging as you solve problems as a social unit.
These are especially true if individual initiative has congruous action decision and action resolution, and if group initiative has diverged action decision and action resolution as discussed above in the previous section.
Some initiative systems are more realistic, allowing constant interruptions and simultaneous action resolution, but they tend to suffer in terms of pacing what they gain in terms of verisimilitude.
Having initiative systems determined by whim rather than statistics is another road, usually less travelled as far as RPG combat is concerned, but it can bring with it a strong sense of natural flow and momentum when the group is well-coordinated or well-conducted by a game-master.
The House Rule Test
1. Is the game better off with this rule than without it?
2. Does this rule do what it sets out to do?
3. Is this rule as simple as possible?
Like in the last entry, these questions are best answered by you, not by me. The initiative systems I’ve presented here are but a small sampling of the kinds that exist, with what I hope was a pretty comprehensive overview of the different categories and what they’re good for. If your game isn’t in danger of going too slowly but is way too rigid feeling and needs some more player engagement and social focus? Go ahead and get some group initiative going and decouple action decision and resolution. If your game is going way too slowly? Maybe focus on individual initiative with closely coupled action decision and action resolution, verisimilitude and social problem solving be damned. Try using mechanical initiative where normally you use fiat initiative, or try using fiat initiative where normally you use mechanical initiative. Try recalculating initiative each round when normally you don’t, or try not doing it when normally you do. This is one of those things where you’re probably going to want to experiment, and all the while ask the three house rule test questions – they work just as well in retrospect as in prospect!
Ultimately, of course, you can probably subscribe to the simple notion “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”. If you and your group don’t think you need to make a change then don’t! But if you feel like, hey, yeah, maybe the way we do initiative could use some work? Hopefully this has been a help.
You can find further entries in this series as follows:
#2: Drawbacks
#3: Skilled Backstories
#4: Abstract Inventories
Good GMs Borrow, Great GMs Steal #4: Abstract Inventories
This is the fourth of a series of posts on general mechanics you can take from one RPG system and use in another. You can find the first part here.
Abstract Inventories: What are they?
Abstract inventories are essentially ways to reduce what your character carries to something that is more manageable than planning a real backpacking trip. This is a very diverse field, but some examples include the slot-based systems of Torchbearer and Dungeon World, or the “just use what seems reasonable” system of Fate. Many people already usurp the latter for use in their D&D games, but I’d like to talk about the former methods in particular.
Traditionally, the calculation of a character’s encumbrance in an RPG relied on two major factors: weight (or mass, which on Earth or an Earth-like-planet means basically the same thing for our purposes) and volume (or size). If you look back as far as 1st edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons you’ll find the former factor at work, while it takes only a few years more for 2nd edition AD&D to add the latter, with various bags being listed with given volumes and of course items being listed with weights in tenths of pounds, itself a practice dating back to 1e’s listing of weights in coins, which were themselves tenths of pounds.
While it is really interesting, as a sidebar, that a game primarily about thieving treasure out from under the guard of dangerous monsters would give you an item’s weight literally in gold coins so you could tell, indeed, if the item was “worth its weight in gold” or not, it is also problematic for the reasons I’ll give next.
This turned out to be a bit of a problem. Volume quickly became finicky and was for most people the first thing on the chopping block, as people hated doing Tetris in their heads. Soon afterward, weight followed, and for many it probably even went first during the time of 1st edition. The game of D&D quickly became about “just carrying what seems reasonable”, a house-rule adopted by nearly all players of D&D today and the beginnings of abstracted inventories.
However, as mentioned above, there are other ways to abstract an inventory out that are more than just based on the fiat of the game-master to say “you can/cannot carry that”, which I’d like to talk about more.
My own first encounter with abstract inventories was from The Alexandrian’s encumbrance by stone system (follow the link at the header of the article to the OD&D version to get the gist of what it’s all about, that’s a hub article), whereby you bundle items into ~10-20 lb blocks (in the case of OD&D, 15) and only ever interact with them via those blocks. Items that aren’t sufficient to warrant their own block are bundled together into a fifth of a stone, and from there you add them together into a full stone. Basically, while it ignores volume for the most part, it turns weights in tenths of pounds (meaning you’ll regularly carry around a 3 digit number, sometimes a 4 digit number if you’re rather encumbered) into weights in whole numbers that for the most part stay under 10. This is a pretty good way to do it, but I wasn’t convinced it was as good as it could be, and so I carried on looking (at the time I was in need of some encumbrance-based-gameplay for thematic reasons).
Later on I found Matt Rundle’s Anti-Hammerspace Item Tracker, which really opened my eyes to the problem of ignoring volume – you start cramming everything “in your bag”, even if it wouldn’t fit. One particularly poignant example was a story I once heard (fictitious or otherwise, you decide) of a DM who showed his player there was no way to carry 150+ arrows in his backpack by going out and renting/buying (I’m fuzzy on that detail at this point, I heard it long ago) that many arrows and dumping them on the game table. While encumbrance by fiat for volume while still using weight seems like it might be realistic enough for most purposes, in reality people make this kind of mistake all the time. Humans are generally poor at visualizing 3 dimensional space, which is why mechanical and civil engineers are put through training in that regard. The anti-hammerspace item tracker hopes to fix this by cementing items to a specific location. This means not only can you interact with them (“your backpack flies open and your rations fly into the gaping maw of the purple worm!”) better than by fiat, but you have a pretty clear limit on how much to carry. Its slot-based design is very visual. Speaking of slot-based design, that’s also what Dungeon World uses – turning weights and volumes into an arbitrary number of “slots”, which you may have X number of.
Finally, I came across Roles Rules and Rolls’ Putting Two Great Ideas Together and I was in love. It had abstracted weights and volumes into simple to use, low value, whole numbers, and it also had a sheet by which you could have definite interactions with those items. It was simple and easy to use as well as visual, and also about as realistic as one could hope for. It says a lot, of course, that a game specifically about dungeon crawling (Torchbearer) from those who gave us Burning Wheel and Mouse Guard uses a very similar system.
An addition I came up with for many of these systems is that it is very easy to use physical tokens, like poker chips or beads or whatnot, to track consumables. Having 30 poker chips in front of you makes it easy to simply discard as many as arrows you shoot – much easier and much more visceral than erasing a number on a piece of paper!
Abstract Inventories: Why should you use them?
Abstract inventories are all various ways in which you can simplify encumbrance from “pack a real backpack full of this stuff and carry it around” at one end towards “just carry what seems reasonable” at the other end. Along the way are varying levels of realism and detail, many of which I’ve discussed above, including what each of them are for. This is a more general list, which I’ll keep shorter since this article is getting quite long:
• Reduce the complexity of tracking what you’re carrying so that you can maintain momentum when you bring it up in gameplay.
• Find the right level of realism for the theme of the campaign you’re running. At one end are things often better suited to a more realistic simulation of travelling, while at the other end are things often better suited to improvisational games.
• For some, simply get the concept of “you can’t carry that much” back on the table in the first place! Lots of people ignore encumbrance thoroughly in games where it might be fun, if only it wasn’t so complicated!
The House Rule Test
3. Is this rule as simple as possible?
This is a hard one for me to do within the scope of the article because so much relies on picking the right version for the game you want to play in. Ask yourself these questions in regards to making each of the above methods fit your game if the game’s encumbrance system as written doesn’t seem to do as good a job as you would like. Make sure that it fits the theme of the game (detailed encumbrance by weight and volume in a superhero game probably isn’t going to go over very well, nor is fiat in a hexcrawl), make sure that it actually seems like it would make things better, and make sure that you’re picking the version that is as simple as possible that still does that job.
You can find further entries in this series as follows:
#2: Drawbacks
#3: Skilled Backstories
#5: All About Initiative
Good GMs Borrow, Great GMs Steal #3: Skilled Backstories
This is the third of a series of posts on general mechanics you can take from one RPG system and use in another. You can find the first part here.
Skilled Backstories: What are they?
Several games use this mechanism, including two I’ve already covered: STALKER: The SciFi Roleplaying Game and the Fate system games like Spirit of the Century, Dresden Files, Fate Core, and more. What I refer to as a “skilled backstory” is the mechanical coupling of your character’s backstory with the skills that you use in some way (for Fate this is via Aspects, while for STALKER it’s via skills, for instance). Traditionally the association is a skill or two for early life, a skill or two for your teenage years, and a skill or two you’ve picked up since then, but the exact matching of time period to number of skills varies (and that’s a good thing for us!).
A Skilled Backstory mechanism creates a forced link between a character’s backstory and their skills – where did they learn to be a doctor? A priest? A martial arts expert?
Skilled Backstories: Why should you use them?
Often times in the modern conception of a narrative-based PC-centric RPG, the GM will lack the proper kind of entities to grab on to in order to create a dramatic situation that can spin you all off into hours of improvised fun. Traditionally this is solved by creating a backstory for the characters – a way to ground them in the reality of the world by giving them a past that can be called upon for adventure fodder. This particular method of creating a backstory based on the skills you want, or choosing skills based on the backstory you want, gives this kind of purchase for the GM to grab on to.
Furthermore, it also helps to resolve the “dropped into the world fully formed from the head of Zeus” problem that tends to afflict RPG characters. By showing how they arrived where they are today you have one of the more useful kinds of backstories – one that is relatively concise and to the point.
• Grounds the characters in reality. You know how they got where they are.
• Provides hooks for the GM to grab and use in crafting adventures. If you learn a skill chances are it was through contact with society in some way and not navel-gazing, which means whatever part of society the character contacted can show up for an encore performance.
• Provides an opportunity for guest-starring or drawback implementation, as per the first two posts of this series.
The House Rule Test
3. Is this rule as simple as possible?
This rule is pretty short and sweet – a couple of sentences saying where you got to be so darn proficient at something in trade for giving your character a history that the GM can use is the very definition of an affirmative to rules 2 and 3. In many cases, when running a PC-centric narrative RPG, this idea of locking the characters’ skills to their backstories works really well. I definitely recommend giving it a go if that’s the kind of game you want to run but the system you use doesn’t have an equivalent system available.
You can find further entries in this series as follows:
#2: Drawbacks
#4: Abstract Inventories
#5: All About Initiative
Good GMs Borrow, Great GMs Steal #2: Drawbacks
This is the second of a series of posts on general mechanics you can take from one RPG system and use in another. You can find the first part here.
Drawbacks: What are they?
Drawbacks are a mechanism taken from the FLOW system’s “STALKER: The SciFi Roleplaying Game” based on the universe inspired by the Strugatsky brothers’ novel Roadside Picnic (to date also including several video games and a widely acclaimed film), with other minor inspirations listed from literature, cinema, and video games as well.
In this iteration of the FLOW system, characters are created by taking competencies in ability areas (like Fitness or Intellect) through specific skills within those areas (like Strong or Journalist). Depending on how many of your 10 skill trainings you devote to each ability area you gain a rating in that area that is then used to help determine your success at actions. It’s not unlike if you put your training/skill points into your skills in D&D first, and then determined your ability scores as a function of how much training you held in the skills related to that ability score.
Each of the skills you have selected to have trained, however, is meant to be a competency you gained through real world experience and training, and every time you gain competency in a skill in real life you are giving up something else in order to have it. This is the core notion behind drawbacks.
A drawback is essentially the downside to having training in a given skill. If you’re a trained thief you probably have had some jail time, or perhaps as a cat burglar you’ve injured yourself and walk with a limp because of a failed escape. If you’re a journalist, as above, you may have all of the excellent benefits that brings (like a variety of informants), but you’ll also have made some enemies for the stories you’ve run, or have a rival from another magazine who constantly haunts you. Whatever they are they’re up to the players (implicitly with the approval of the GM, of course, but I’ve yet to see a player misbehave in terms of acquiring drawbacks without enough bite).
Drawbacks: Why should you use them?
Drawbacks solve a common issue that characters have, especially in modern D&D with point buy ability score systems – they’re just too perfect. The literary trope “Mary Sue” is often a term ascribed to a character that has no flaws, and if you look at games like modern D&D you’ll often find characters without many flaws, if any. While this serves the power fantasy that tabletop RPGs often try to give the player it often doesn’t seem to gel with a more modern conception of roleplaying tough problems and following a player/character driven narrative experience.
Drawbacks are here to fix all that. They offer a sense of groundedness for the character that will help to keep them from floating away by showing that for every advantage they have there was a price they had to pay. Here’s why Drawbacks are worth using:
• Having guaranteed negative facets grounds characters in reality rather than falling prey to “Mary Sue-ism”.
• They flesh out the character’s backstory in a meaningful way by telling us how they got to where they are today in terms of their fields of expertise.
• They also flesh out the character’s backstory in a way that is useful for the GM: it gives you ways to get to the characters to spur them to action or to complicate their lives by providing all manner of foils.
The House Rule Test
3. Is this rule as simple as possible?
Does this rule save characters from being Mary Sues? It does. Is the rule as simple as possible? It’s pretty simple, I can’t think of an easier way to go about it, although I can think of different ways to go about it (which will be the subject of future articles). Is the game better off with it than without it? This depends on the system you’re using and the game you’re running. I find that, at least in terms of modern D&D, it gives me a lot of leverage to run the kinds of stories a lot of people want to play. Other games can benefit too. It can flesh out Fate characters by attaching drawbacks to their skill pyramid, or any other skill-driven resolution system in a similar manner.
At the end of the day this rule is a good fit for any skill-based system where you want to give the characters a bit more groundedness and to get more leverage for running the game in a compelling way.
You can find further entries in this series as follows:
#3: Skilled Backstories
#4: Abstract Inventories
#5: All About Initiative
Good GMs Borrow, Great GMs Steal #1: Co-Starring
Today I’ve decided to roll out my first new post to completion in more than 6 months. As the briefest of status updates I’ve had several posts simmering on the back-burner for a while now, but this is my first crack at a good series in a long time and they should be pretty regular updates. They’re also going to be a lot shorter than most of what I tend to write because I struggle with that and the practice of being concise is good for me.
What is this series about?
I’ve read a lot of RPGs. Even more than I’ve played or run, and I’ve played or run a lot of RPGs. One of the advantages to being widely-read is that you come upon ideas all the time. This is pretty usual advice given to a GM who wants to make more cool adventures: if you aren’t publishing the adventure feel free to steal the premise of a story you already know and love and just change the trimming a bit. The title of this post in fact is based on a much more pithily phrased piece of advice offered by the author T.S. Elliot – good authors borrow, great authors steal.
This advice, however, rings true not just for adventure design, but also for campaign mastery. There are some things that some games do that I’ve outright liberated from their respective works and continue to use in most games that I run regardless of what system I run them in. I’d like to go over as many of those as I can while pointing out their exact origins.
Co-Starring: What is it?
The Fate system was created many years ago as an offshoot of Fudge, and rests roughly in the smack center of crunch vs. fluff, GM vs. player narrative ownership, and improvisational vs. prep driven. As a system it’s given rise to one of my all-time favorite mechanics: co-starring.
The first example of this in the Fate game lineup that I can think of was created for Spirit of the Century and goes a little something like this –
1. Most of the player characters have met before.
2. Each player writes (most of) a short (paragraph length or so) story blurb about one of their previous adventures.
3. Then one or more of the other players adds a sentence or two to that story that incorporates how they were involved, too.
That’s it. It’s a paragraph length cooperatively authored (very) short story about a previous adventure that involved at least two of the player characters. Simple, right?
Co-Starring: Why should you use it?
This method solves a common complaint that has existed as long as roleplaying games have: how do I get the player characters to join together in a way that feels natural? The oldest solution to this problem is “dump them in a tavern, say ‘go’, and hope they cooperate for the sake of the game”, but this is a much more elegant method. Here’s the breakdown of the goods –
• As it’s a story it will have at least one antagonist if it’s done properly (and if it doesn’t you should be helping the player to create a more exciting story with more conflict!). It’s not only less work to use that (those) antagonist(s), but also you have less fear of player rejection since it’s their own creation. The same goes for any other established NPCs, antagonist or not!
• The player characters will for the most part know each other already, which means they’re all at most a single “I know him and you can trust him” away from total group cohesion in a natural way once the game itself begins.
• It’s short enough that even the most crunch-oriented players won’t mind giving it a go.
The House Rule Test
I have a very simple test I use for house rules. I ask three questions:
3. Is this rule as simple as possible?
There are some overlap in those questions, of course, and the first one probably has the most precedence, but the other two are critical for making sure it’s the best house rule it can possibly be. In most cases of narrative-focused games, however, lifting this concept nails all three questions. It’s extremely short, taking at most 10 minutes for each one and being very easy to understand, and it definitely does what it set out to do: make the beginning of the game more natural than plopping a bunch of characters into a story as if they sprang fully-formed from the head of Zeus.
The only question that’s left, then, is if it benefits the particular game you’re playing. In most cases of a traditional PC-centric tale of high adventure I’d have to say it definitely does.
This is the first of a series of posts on general mechanics you can take from one RPG system and use in another. You can find further entries as follows:
#2: Drawbacks
#3: Skilled Backstories
#4: Abstract Inventories
#5: All About Initiative
When to Throw in the Towel
Fear not, my few loyal readers (that I can only hope exist) and many passers-by, the towel isn’t about to be thrown in on this blog, but rather this is a post about when giving up on something you’ve designed is a better plan than not.
In coding projects there’s generally a tipping point for the more complex ones, and that tipping point is betwixt two goals: patching the code to fix a problem versus scrapping the code and doing a fundamental re-write. Writing projects of most varieties often work the same way, where eventually when you aren’t getting the result you want sometimes it’s just better to throw it all out and start over. What “all” means, though, can vary in a gaming context quite dramatically, from an entire campaign right down to a single problem. Like most people, I find that scrapping concepts is extremely hard once you’ve begun to invest energy in them. Psychologically, this is known as the sunk cost fallacy, and it results when people are willing to throw good money after bad because “not getting a result after investing so much already would mean the investment went to waste!” We can see this around us every day, from stock traders who won’t admit a stock is just going to keep going down and it would be better to jump ship while they can still make back a fair amount of their investment, even at a loss, all the way to wars where because lives have already been lost in pursuit of a goal more must be spent so those losses weren’t a meaningless mistake (note: I’m not referring to any war in particular here; I have no opinion on such current ongoing wars, but such things have definitely occured in the past at the very least). Yes, indeed, this even happens at the gaming table.
The most iconic example of this problem that I’ve encountered is an iconic example at all primarily because I was something of a third party, and so I could recognize the sucking black hole of a fallacy from the outside, rather than inside of its event horizon where it is much more difficult to detect. An acquaintance of mine had designed, for my use, a simple puzzle based on the premise of the characters of my RPG campaign at the time taking water from one basin, depositing it in the other basin, and thence from that basin back to the original, so causing the water of both basins to be mixed with that of their opposite. The problem here was that, besides one basin containing hot water and the other cold, there was absolutely no clue as to the fact that this might be the solution except the very most tenuous story link using information that the players were not yet aware of. In other words, it’s one of those “guess what the GM is thinking” puzzles. As I was running the puzzle I looked on in dissatisfaction at how hard a time the players were having, and after some minutes wasted with plans that came close by coincidence (mixing water from one into the other, but not the other into the first as well), eventually I simply recognized the puzzle for what it was – a bad one – and had to step back, break suspension of disbelief, and explain to the players that I had in fact gotten this one wrong and it was a stinker, sorry for wasting your time, let’s just skip right to the good bit where you’ve just solved it.
Had the puzzle been of my own devising I’d like to think I would have avoided the mistake in the first place, but, no matter what inflated opinion I may hold of myself, eventually we all screw up, even on things that we think we’re good at, not unlike rolling a natural 1 and getting a critical failure. Although the campaign I was running at the time was an open sandbox game centered on exploration, meaning the players could’ve taken off and gone elsewhere, ignoring the bad puzzle for what it was (a waste of time), I still took the time to note my error, explained to the players that I was sorry that one kind of sucked, and that I’d do better in the future, and then by way of making it up to them I gave them the solution and the swag that went with it (a powerful magic felling axe, which became the favored weapon of one of my most engaged and frequent players, along with a bit of cryptic exposition from a magic mouth).
The lesson in all of this? Don’t be afraid to give a serious critical eye to your own creations, and try to be very critical of when you have screwed the metaphorical pooch. What’s more, don’t be afraid to simply cut your losses rather than trying to endlessly patch the situation like a leaky boat. Remember that it becomes harder to be critical as things grow – a session is easier to cut short than a campaign – and that things of your own devising suffer an equally great clouding effect on your judgment. A lot of the time some creativity and elbow grease can salvage a bad situation and even turn it into a winner, but sometimes it’s better to just throw out your leaky boat and buy a new one instead of constantly buying rolls of duct tape.
Until Next Time,
The Hydra DM
An Update
Turns out I promised to turn out part 2 of my analysis of the Power Options available to, and the other statistics of, the monsters in D&D sometime last week, huh?
So… where is it? What gives Hydra DM, I thought you were cool!
Well, turns out that I spent a good chunk of time this week battling a system crippling string of invasive malware! Yay fun! While my computer remains operational, it unfortunately experienced some issues when it did things like, say, restart itself for no good reason. Such as losing all of my excel spreadsheet data that I was working on.
Ergo, the second part of that article may take up to another week’s worth of work to get out there. Sorry everybody!
The Hydra DM
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Accuracy • Independence • Integrity
December 15, 2018 | Ithaca, NY
Editorial: Mansplaining must be stopped by professors
Discussions are the pinnacle of the liberal arts college experience, where students come together to hash out ideas. Each student should have the right to a classroom environment where they feel they can share their thoughts. But when class discussions are completely male-dominated, this welcoming environment that encourages productive discussion is lost.
Other than the issue of male students dominating discussions, there is also the issue of mansplaining — male students commenting, explaining or interrupting their female counterparts to re-explain their point. When female students say they no longer want to speak in class for fear of being interrupted or being talked down to, there is obviously a larger issue.
While it may seem like a minor issue, it devalues a female student’s voice in the classroom, and the continuous restating of previous comments takes away from valuable class time. And whether the interrupting, domineering or restating is intentional or not, it still is sexist and disrespectful.
Research has shown that people who speak with some sense of confidence will often be perceived better, regardless of whether or not they’re competent, and that men are more confident in themselves than women. In the classroom, this means that male students are often given more speaking time simply because they feel the need to speak, not because they always have things to say. As a result, class discussions fall flat.
There are, of course, male students who are respectful of their female colleagues. But there are others that need to be more conscious of their participation in class. And it is not solely an issue with students. Often, professors fail to address the problem, and when male students speak too much or interrupt their female counterparts, nothing is done. Not all professors are guilty of this — some make a conscious effort to call on female students or to shut down students who interrupt others. But male students are often allowed to talk over their female counterparts, as no one is stopping them from doing so.
It is the responsibility of the professor to curb these behaviors. Though a class discussion may be student-led or student-facilitated, faculty should feel comfortable enough to intervene when necessary.
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Red Hat acquires FuseSource in bid to boost its enterprise business
Red Hat acquires FuseSource in bid to boost its enterprise business
Today it was made public that Red Hat will acquire FuseSource. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. The transaction has yet to complete all closing steps, but is being treated as final by both companies.
Red Hat, a company best known for its work with Linux, is now a provider of all things open source. It doesn’t make money selling software, as open source code is free. Instead, Red Hat sells support on a subscription basis, and also provides quality assurance services.
FuseSource describes itself as a provider of “open source integration and messaging.” The company vends Fuse ESB Enterprise, an integration product, Fuse MQ Enterprise, an enterprise messaging platform, and various services that surround the software.
According to the official release, Red Hat acquired FuseSource to “accelerate the delivery of application integration products and services to enterprise customers.” That appears to indicate that Red Hat sees potential in the enterprise side of the market for open source software and services to expand, taking market share from traditional companies which charge for software.
Keep in mind, there are three main forms of enterprise software companies at the moment: the traditional model of selling software, and support for it; the model of selling software as a service; and the open source method, giving the code away and then selling services. The combination of Red Hat and FuseSource could be viewed as indication that the third model is alive and well.
FuseSource’s website states that it has customers that are Fortune 500 companies. Given that, Red Hat could have, in its purchase of the company, secured toe holds into new corporations that it can upsell its other products and services to.
Red Hat’s stock was essentially flat during the day, and has kept up the trend after the close of the market.
Top Image Credit: Leonid Mamchenkov
Read next: Google's new YouTube app for Android 4.0 is rolling out today
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The Disruptive Few
Prose in-depth.
Hand to mouth.
Kiss me when the sky turns blue in hell.
A micro-analytic deepness.
Like an ocean so deep, you can’t drown in it.
You just sleep by me.
You just sleep.
With the strangest angel on my shoulder.
All I could ever breathe is the wings you have on.
Oh these wings can taste the fiercest night.
Pretty Wars
In those tiny spaces between ourselves and iron clouds that float away.
Of all the passion I once had.
The light of you still burns like hell.
You are the prettiest war I have ever fought.
But I am not haunted by anything and I think that is the most haunting feeling to ever have.
Morning Sun
By morning sun,
We gracefully moved mountains with the fragility of our fingertips.
We bled so beautiful that we made the sky turn red.
By midnight moon,
Whispers burned in the isle of lips.
In the deepness of this old heart.
Let me breathe, let me drown.
Dirty and Pretty
You are about the frailty of undesired and motionless sun sets.
I am, I am the echo of unheard sound in the linear of fading landscapes.
I left my hands in your woods.
Some sort of loss, but it is more fear of separation than anything else.
There is a place of depth.
A place where digging a hole is just another verse of a poem.
We call it heaven.
My Artificial Sweetener
Through the madness,
Into the stars of acid.
You are the crystal to my clear, oh dear.
It began with a taste that never lost it’s flavour.
Not again, but it looks like I’m drowning in your sulk of sin.
This is the best part I know.
When I breathe you so hard.
You begin to lose your breath.
Through the edge of velvet.
Warm skin frost on the curve of your lips.
Kiss the rain under tattoo skies.
On The Wings of Dragonflies
What if the sun could write a book about incompleteness.
So enthralling, that your skin burns off.
If you could read every word I wrote.
So unimaginative, you turn into the sweetest dragonfly landing on my arm.
It is those clear days that I can sleep sigh-fully on the wings of this dragonfly.
Fly boundless, fly neither.
There is some fiction in the tale of cancer,
It feels like a moonlight without reflection.
“A spoiled moon in the curse of a ship wreck.”
It seems like I’m dragging dirt in your ocean.
I don’t want to kiss the sound, inept pale reflection.
Now that you feel,
An aspiration of dust on the cashmere of your blanket.
Shine Fade Automatic
Flowers grow here, but the prettiness is nothing like the flowers you grow on concrete.
There’s a strong desire to spit on clouds without tripping.
And the passion ran out the door like a house cat.
Fade my skin in used photos and mercury soup.
She ate me up with single plurals and unnecessary rhymes.
I am that way in many ways lost for words.
I found myself yesterday.
Through the shadows,
Inside your riot, a place of burnt and beauty.
Oh dance to the beat.
Oh dance to the beat.
You can feel the sharpest blade at the tip of your fingers.
You can hide behind the sunrise in the landscape of your fingernails.
Oh dance to the beat.
Oh dance to the beat.
Sleeping Ugly
There is lust in the footprints of an old heart.
You disappear softly in the ease of a storm.
Of all the words, tangled in anger, left out in the rain.
Of all the poems, I wrote in the dark.
I could not see the color of your mood ring.
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We spoke before about relationships across our complex boundaries resulting in a kind of individual awareness or consciousness. This philosophical investigation grew out of my interpretation of published research involving an expanding droplet interface between two fluids [see The Experiment]. And we’ve spoken about relationships—even primitive ones—across boundaries that are products of at least two perspectives (
Now let’s look at what this meniscus of changing mated perspectives (across a relationship boundary) does as the universe “expands.” (I put “expands” in quotes because all I’m speaking about is a set of solutions that point at expansion. These sets of solution analogs predicted by the Energy or Navier-Stokes Equation might explain the apparent expansion of the universal boundary (evidenced by the astronomical red or Doppler shift of star spectra)).
In collapsing Gary Zukav’s “quantum wave,” I only feel comfortable in looking at math analogs, based on either exact or statistical solutions, and what they might suggest.
So as not to get too much into the math, let’s think of these expanding, complex relationship boundaries that may result as any number of pulsations of awareness. These progressions need potential pathways that further complexities of the brain and the robustness of its functioning.
When we speak of a succession of boundary states and structures, we are first looking at possible pathways in growth and/or maintenance. It has been my belief, pertaining to perspective, that the more potential perspectives a system can attain in its functioning, the greater the duration of that system—the longer and/or larger number of attainable pathways for consciousness to occur.
The existence of a process that we call ENTROPY suggests:
The natural entropy of a design (and its functioning) seems to run down with time. That means as babies, we start the world with a finite mass of neurons in our brains. This mass of neurons has the greatest potential diversity based on genetics and embryology when it is new. But, as children age, potential pathways going forward become self-limiting. [This is like putting puzzle pieces together. There can only be one option for the last piece. In writing a rhyming poem that tells a story, the poet is limited in the kinds of words or phrases with which to end their poem.]
This self-limiting process, reducing the number of potential mutual perspectives (like a meniscus across the expanding boundary) can be a result of choices a system, or individual, makes in following a path. [Easier at first and harder at last].
Some individuals, that acquire poor methods of choosing pathways early, limit the number of perspectives they can use in solving life problems. A few of them to such an extreme extent that they end with only two options: off themselves or off everyone else. This, I believe, is true for both individuals and groups of individuals.
However, even if individuals make good decisions about the paths they follow, the pathways open to them are limited. In order to travel available paths, entropy forces the number of potential pathways to zero (what we call entropy death: see analog in the pathways in crystal growth, for example of a sugar solution as the sugar is pulled out of solution into a final crystal form (similar to the puzzle and poetry analogs)).
To see direct evidence of a primitive pathway and how it can be enfolded and unfolded within an Implicate Order (What David Bohm calls my What is Behind What Is) [from the WIBWI/The Implicit Order (see David Bohm’s ink drop experiment (enfolding/unfolding)]:
In summary, the process of entropy, the running down of a system that we’re describing, occurs because pathways are “chosen.” Choosing a path, manifesting a form, uses up available energy to progress (in our virtually expanding universe). Each of a system’s pathways builds on less available energy than the former.
Early on, the length and number of these pathways are influenced by our genetics, embryology, and upbringing and then, later, they’re filtered out by the choices individuals make. The general overarching process of entropy indicates that all systems run down by the loss of available energy to do anything, or to follow any path.
[Next: We’ll see how easy it is for an expanding droplet of water-based inner fluid , coated by a oil-based fluid to naturally divide as observed in the laboratory. See THE EXPERIMENT under MENU for the different natural configurations of an unstable expanding droplet. (The video of this event will soon be posted)]
[SOON: We’ll look at the self-organization of pathways in a closed system—a living cell that eventually acquires a nucleus and membrane—the ability to divide, grow, and function—each cell changing, limiting itself to follow its own pathways.]
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78444
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This Day In History
Saturday, December 15, 2018
On This Day
February 14, 1779
Battle of Kettle Creek
Battle of Kettle Creek
The Battle of Kettle Creek is fought in Georgia. The Battle of Kettle Creek was a major encounter in the back country of Georgia during the American Revolutionary War. It was fought in Wilkes County about eight miles (13 km) from present-day Washington, Georgia. A militia force of Patriot decisively defeated and scattered a Loyalist militia force that was on its way to British-controlled Augusta. The victory demonstrated the inability of British forces to hold the interior of the state, or to protect even sizable numbers of Loyalist recruits outside their immediate protection. The British, who had already decided to abandon Augusta, recovered some prestige a few weeks later, surprising a Patriot force in the Battle of Brier Creek. Georgia's back country would not come fully under British control until after the 1780 Siege of Charleston broke Patriot forces in the south.
Kettle Creek, battle, American Revolutionary War, Georgia
May 28, 1779
Thomas Moore
February 14, 1779
James Cook
June 29, 1779
Anton Raphael Mengs
Anton Raphael Mengs was a German painter, active in Rome, Madrid and Saxony, who became one of the precursors to Neoclassical painting.
© 2011-2019, «»
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Service Fabric placement constraints and cluster planning : Virtual Clusters
This article explains how to achieve a right service placement strategy and Service Fabric (SF) cluster capacity planning. I have written this post as a continuation of this previous article. Continuing the previous article allows me to extend the same contextual problem and find solutions.
According to the previous article, we should place WFE services in certain set of nodes exposed to LB and internal services in a different set of nodes which are not exposed to LB and optionally they may have access to the backdoor database infrastructure.
In fact what I have tried to achieve is a typical infrastructure setup with DMZ and non DMZ. The difference is I have used single SF cluster to hold the DMZ and non DMZ.
SF is such a powerful and a flexible platform that you can map many kinds of scenarios like this. In SF, we can achieve these logical splits using placement constraints. In its simplest form placement constraints work based on the properties we set to the nodes.
Node properties are key value pairs used to tag nodes. Through the application we then instruct SF to place certain services in certain nodes which satisfy the placement constraint rules.
Placement constraint is the logical composition of node properties which yields a Boolean value to the run time.
NodeProperty1 == "super" && NodeProperty2 == "nvidGPU"
SF will place the node which meets this criteria and place the service in that node. We decorate the node with these node properties and access them in the application and put placement constraints on services.
You can configure the node properties in Azure portal under the node types. If you’re running the on premise setup we can configure it in the ClusterConfig.json. Like any configuration, placement constraints can also be parameterized in the ApplicationManifest.xml using the corresponding parameters xml file. This article describes it very clearly.
Virtual Clusters
Let’s see how to setup the cluster. In a sample setup with 6 nodes and FD:UD = 6:6, the DMZ and non DMZ setup is made like below. Here DMZ has 2 nodes and non DMZ has 4 nodes.
FD : Fault Domain, UD : Update Domain
cluster setup - virtual clusters
Nodes are marked with NodeType property ex or nex. WFE services have the placement constraint (NodeType == ex) and internal services have the placement constraint (NodeType == nex).
Node properties make the logical idea of DMZ. Infrastructure and network configuration will give the real separation. In this case we placed ex nodes and nex nodes in different networks and additionally configured a software firewall in between both subnets.
So this placement strategy creates two virtual clusters inside the real cluster. WFE services are placed in the DMZ (red box) and internal services are placed in non DMZ (yellow box).
Dive Deeper
The above virtual cluster setup creates some challenges in cluster planning. Example, though we have FD:UD = 6:6, by imposing the constraint, WFE services have a FD:UD = 2:2 cluster and internal services have a FD:UD = 4:4 cluster.
So overall cluster planning and how SF makes placement decisions are better be understood and simulated for a better understanding. Before diving, I highly recommend to read this article.
So we know, when setting the cluster we have to specify the FDs and UDs, in fact it is the most important step.
In the simplest form FD:UD ratio is a 1:1 setup. It serves majority of the scenarios.
I have played and with this 1:1 mode and I don’t think I will look into other ratios unless there’s a quirky requirement. Also, if you’re using the Azure cluster this is the default setup and I’m not sure whether you can change that. 😉
Though we can have any number of nodes in the cluster, placement of a service is decided by the availability of FD/UDs. Just increasing the number of nodes in the cluster will not result capacity increase.
First let’s look how SF places the services when there’s no placement constraints defined. The default placement approach SF is adaptive approach. It is a mix of two approaches known as Maximum Difference and Quorum Safe.
• Maximum difference is a highly safe placement approach where any replica of a single partition will not be placed in same FD/UD.
• Quorum safe approach is a minimal safety mode, it is chosen when specific conditions are met. Here SF tries to be economical of the node capacity. The replicas belong to a single partition and the quorum will be treated in maximum difference way and others may be placed in same FD/UD.
Instance / Replica : The term instance is used to refer the stateless service copies and replica is used to refer the stateful service copies but in this article I have used the term replica to refer both.
Quorum: A quorum in a stateless service is the number of requested (instance count) replicas, and a quorum in a stateful service is the number of requested minimum replica set size.
If you have read the recommended article, we can summarize the placement approach of SF with a simple pseudo code like below.
rs: replica size, fd : fault domain, ud: update domain n: number of nodes
if ( rs % fd == 0 && rs % ud == 0 && n <= (fd * ud) )
return "quorum safe"
return "maximum difference"
SF deciding an approach would not yield the successful placement. Because this is just a decision for the placement strategy, once the decision is made SF looks for available nodes which meet the placement criteria.
If there’s not enough nodes to place the services then SF will throw either an error / warning depending on the situation.
FD:UD = 1:1 Case with Virtual Cluster
The below table shows the cluster simulation. I created this Excel sheet to understand the cluster and added some functions to simulate the cluster. I have translated the high level logical decisions SF makes into simple Excel functions.
Download from : Cluster Visualization Excel
The first section of this report shows the scenario without any placement constraints. So the all FDs/UDs and all nodes are available to all the services.
Replica minimum is a must to have replica count of a partition of a Stateful service. Target replica is the desired number of replicas for the partition. Stateless services have the replica minimum equal to the target number of replicas, because there’s no such idea as minimum replica in Stateless services.
1. Row #15 and #16 – Stateless service replica is greater than available FD/UD. Though they are different approaches the bottom line is that cluster does not have enough number of FD/UD. SF reports an ERROR.
2. Row #9 – Stateful service minimum replica size is greater than available FD/UD. SF will report an ERROR. This is a very similar case like above.
3. Row #10 – Stateful service minimum replica size is lower than available FD/UD but target replica size is higher. SF reports a WARNING.
4. Row #16 – Stateless service replica is greater than available FD/UD. It’s obvious increasing the number of nodes doesn’t make any sense and SF will not use them as long the FD/UD is not expanded. In Row #17 the same scale is achieved with the optimal setup.
5. Row #22 and #23 – looks same but they have different approaches. Both run in the warning state because both approaches have met the minimum replica size but not the target replica size.
Second section has the cluster implementation with the placement constraints. So the report is filled with FD:UD 2:2 in ex and FD:UD = 4:4 in nex. Visualizing them as two difference clusters.
Here I’ve summarized things for quick decision making.
Rule #1: In stateless services replicas CANNOT scale more than the number of valid fault domains in the cluster. Trying so will cause error.
Rule #2: In stateful services configured minimum (this cannot be lower than 3) replica count of a partition CANNOT scale more than the number of valid fault domains in the cluster. Trying so will cause error.
Rule #3: Whenever possible SF tries to be economical in its placement decision not using all nodes. Consider Row #18 and #19, here in #19 the SF has 4 nodes in four different FD/UD but still decides Quorum Safe.
Like the static node properties there can be dynamic node properties which are also considered in decision making and influences the available FD/UD. In this article I haven’t covered those cases.
In fact if we’re to summarize the ultimatum
If you’re to scale your service (regardless of stateless or stateful) to x number of copies then you should have minimum x number FDs satisfying all specified placement constraints of that service.
It sounds very analogous to a typical stateless web application scale out. 😉
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Blow It Up - Free Android Game
Discussion in 'Android Games' started by seahorsevn, Dec 1, 2014.
1. seahorsevn
seahorsevn Active Member
I would like to introduce my new mini game. Totally FREE
You are a fisherman who enjoy the peace life on the ocean day by day. One day, the sea is threatened by the strange oil rig and many dangerous ships. They try to make your ship sink. You have no choice except fighting with your beer-shooting-gun. Try to defend yourself. Do or die, you have to choose.
Google play store link:
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Top 7 Isometric Exercises for Burning Fat, Strengthening and Toning Muscles
Slimming down and attaining the perfectly toned body is one of the most challenging dreams to achieve. Most of us, at least once in our lifetime struggle with weight issues. There is nothing wrong in wanting a well-toned body and being fit. However, this is a tough task that requires perseverance, discipline, and consistent efforts.
Exercises for Burning Fat
Have you ever wished for a magic where you do not have to move a muscle, but you can still tone your body? Well, here is good news for anyone who has been looking for such a magic potion that can make all your wishes come true—burn the fat, tone your body and strengthen muscles. The isometric workout routine is the answer to all your problems. This form of exercise has proven benefits and evidence of creating a visible difference.
What are Isometric Exercises?
The isometric workout consists of exercises that put a pressure on the muscle without actually lengthening or shortening the muscle. Isometric exercises are a static way of making the muscles work harder and eventually become larger and stronger. In other words, these exercises create tension in a muscle but there is no visible expansion and compression in the muscle. In simple words, contraction in the muscle occurs when the muscle experiences tension while not changing length. Holding a plank position, most of the yoga postures and crunches are classic examples of Isometric exercises.
The word isometric has been derived from a combination of the Greek words “Iso” meaning “equal” and “metric” meaning “measure or dimension. In English, it translates to the meaning that during an isometric workout the length of the muscle and the angle of the joint does not change, however, it does create a contraction in the muscle.
Best Isometric Exercises for Burning Fat and Strengthening Muscles
Full body isometric workout can be performed in small places without any special types of equipment. A good Isometric exercise program can work for the entire body. Some of the best isometric exercises can engage both upper and lower body at the same time, creating a great impact on the major muscle groups of the body. There are innumerable benefits of integrating such a workout regime in your daily fitness routine. Isometric exercises strengthen muscles,improves posture and balance of the body, reduces fat, and decreases the chances of fracture and injury.
Also, it improves the flexibility of joints and helps in recovery and rehabilitation. Isometric exercise benefits arthritis patients. Furthermore, it is a cost-effective fitness regime that does not require expensive machines and can be performed at home. Here is a list of best isometric exercises that you can perform at the comfort of your home.
1. Wall Sits: For those looking to tone and strengthen their lower body, this is one of the most impactful isometric strengthening exercises. It majorly works on quads, calves, hamstrings and the entire lower body.
Technique: Start in standing position. Keep your back straight against a wall. Make sure there is enough distance between your legs and the wall before you start lowering down your hips as you would in squats. Hold this position for at least 30 seconds before coming back to the starting point. Repeat these 10 times.
1. High Planks: This isometric exercise is great for strengthening the core. It targets abdominals, quads, hip muscles, obliques, and arms.
Technique: Start in push-up position, with your elbows folded at 90degree angle, palms firmly on the ground. Pull in the core muscles and keep your body straight. Begin to lift your body until your arms are straight. Hold this position for 10 seconds and come back to the starting position. Repeat at least 5 times for effective results.
1. Glutes Bridges: Glutes bride is the most effective isometric workout that creates an impact in the back. It does not only help in toning the body but also relieves back pain.
Technique: Lie down on your back, bend your knees and keep your arms straight on your sides. Slowly, begin to lift your hips and push the weight to the palms and heels. Keep your belly button sucked in and stay in that position for at least 30 seconds. Repeat it 5 times for good results.
1. Isometric push-ups against the wall: This is one of the easy and best isometric exercises. This is an interesting variation of floor push-ups.
Technique: Find yourself in a comfortable position facing the wall. Put your palms firmly on the wall and lean towards it until your elbow is at 90degree angle. Push your body back and the weight in your toes and straighten your arms. Hold this position for 10 seconds and come back to the starting position.
1. Low Squats: This isometric exercise if performed regularly can give you amazing results. It works on adductors, quads, hamstrings, calves, glutes and the lower back.
Technique: Starting with standing position. Keep your feet shoulder-width apart. Slowly begin to lower your hips into a squat until you touch the ground. Keep your chest up and the knees will touch the chest. Hold this pose for 20 seconds and slowly stand up. 10 repetitions for 3 sets each is useful.
1. Standing Lunges: Another great example of isometric exercises is standing lunges. It is high impact workout routine that does not require any equipment. Quads, hamstrings, lower back, and glutes are engaged during this workout.
Technique: Start in standing position. Pull your core inside and tighten your stomach. Put your one foot forward and begin to lower your body until the rear knee touches the ground and the front knee is at 90degree angle. Hold the pose for 10 seconds and come back to starting position.
1. Standing Shoulder Press: These isometric shoulder exercises impacts lats, triceps, and biceps. This exercise can be performed with barbell and resistance tube, too.
Technique: Hold two dumbbells of the weight of your choice in both your hands and lift them till the shoulder level you’re your elbows on the side at a right angle. Slowly, extend your arm upwards until its straight and the weights are above your head. Then slowly return to starting pose. Repeat this exercise for 12 reps for three sets.
These are some of the best isometric exercises that will help you burning fat, strengthening and toning muscles. Some other forms of isometric workouts include deadlifts, bench press, hanging, chin up, pullups, isometric quads, and more. This form of exercise is also great for someone who is recovering from joint injuries.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78484
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Opened 11 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
#3088 enhancement closed duplicate (duplicate)
Make trial able to run tests and modules in a specific order
Reported by: Allister MacLeod Owned by:
Priority: normal Milestone:
Component: trial Keywords:
Cc: Branch:
When trying to track down some side-effects issues between test modules run by trial, I found myself wishing I could specify the order in which to run modules.
For instance, if I issued the command:
trial tests/ tests/
I would like it to run the monkey tests first and then the uncle tests.
Even more whiz-bang would be a way to specify the order when running all test_ modules in a directory, with possible choices being alphabetical, by modification time, or random.
Change History (5)
comment:1 Changed 11 years ago by Glyph
I could have sworn this was a duplicate of something, but I just looked for like an hour and couldn't find it. If not, this should definitely be fixed. I've had this problem myself.
comment:2 Changed 11 years ago by Jonathan Lange
Really, this is "parametrize the loader from the command line".
comment:3 Changed 11 years ago by Glyph
#3249 was filed as a duplicate of this.
comment:4 Changed 9 years ago by Screwtape
Resolution: duplicate
Status: newclosed
This is a duplicate of #1948 (thanks to PovAddict on #twisted for pointing it out)
comment:5 Changed 8 years ago by <automation>
Owner: Jonathan Lange deleted
Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78509
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Physics Van 3-site Navigational Menu
Physics Van Navigational Menu
Q & A: proving F=ma?
Learn more physics!
Most recent answer: 09/15/2018
prove F=Ma
- Anonymous
It would be difficult to prove F=ma for at least two reasons.
1. Physics does not start from a well-defined set of unshakable axioms and proceed via mathematical logic to proven facts. It is put together out of a combination of observations, provisional generalizations, and mathematical glue.
2. Anyway, F=ma happens to be false.
Even if you were to (falsely) assume that space and time had a simple geometry, the proper version of the equation is F=dp/dt where p is momentum. [dp/dt means the rate of change of momentum in time (t).] That happens to be the version that Newton gave, but it too is not true in the way that Newton meant it. The reason is that p=mv where v is velocity and m is a velocity-dependent mass. Newton didn't know about that intrinsic velocity dependence. F=ma would be true only if m were independent of velocity. This was all worked out precisely by Einstein in 1905.
In more valid general geometry, the terms, including 'a', have no fixed meaning.
Mike W.
(published on 10/22/2007)
Follow-Up #1: Why does F=ma?
Is there any reasoning as to why F=ma? Intuitively it makes sense but is it all just experimental?
- Bob (age 19)
Seattle, WA
As you know, it's not quite true that F=ma, but let's for now just think about your deep question for the case of slow-moving objects, where F=ma works pretty well. I hope you'll forgive a long-winded, fuzzy answer, since I don't know any good short answer.
The first thing you have to ask about F=ma is what it actually tells us about the world, since until we figure that out we can't begin to say why it should be true or false. Here's the problem. Most objects don't come stamped with an "m" value on them. Space and time aren't laid out with a labeled grid of coordinates, so we aren't just given the "a" values for objects. Worst of all, what's F?
Let's say we ignore the question of how to determine a, by assuming that somehow we have a common-sense set of space-time coordinates that we're happy with. The key step to making some meaning out of F=ma is then Newton's 3d law- conservation of momentum. We can bounce objects off each other, and by measuring their velocities before and after the bounce, figure out the ratios of their m's. Pick one object to call the unit mass, and now we have a set of m's.
Now we get to the hard part. What are the F's? Let's say we see some m with an a. What's to stop us from just inventing an F to make F=ma true? If we could always do that, then F=ma would be untestable and meaningless. So we must insist on some rules about the F's. The third law says that there needs to be an opposite F on something else, and we can insist that the something else is fairly nearby. More generally, we can insist that the rules for when there should be an F shouldn't be too weird or complicated. If we can fit what we see within those rules, then we can say that F=ma is true. Up to a point, that program works. Once you start including electromagnetic fields and fast-moving objects, it gets too awkward and we need a different set of rules, in which F=ma is replaced.
That's a very compressed version of a long discussion. Feel free to follow up.
Mike W.
(published on 06/25/2011)
Follow-Up #2: Net forces and Newton
f=ma doesn't seem to match real life observations. If you pushed hard on a wall and it still won't move then a=0, and f=ma is also 0 showing that no force is exerted on the wall, which is not true. Another example, if you place a heavy object on a surface of high friction such as rubber then the force needed to cause it to accelerate is is much higher than the force needed to give it similar acceleration on a slippery surface such as ice, yet according to Newton's law f=ma the forces should be the same! It seems that f=ma is nothing more than a special case of the object (to be accelerated) can move on the same type of surface. It seems like this is what Mr. Newton did while experimenting on accelerating objects before he came up with this law, but since he was the head of the British Royal Society of science, no one dared question him. It doesn't have to take an Einstein to realize that, but a willing to be disattached from prejudices.I hope no one gets offended by my questioning as if I attacked their religious beliefs. Historically speaking, humans held unshakable beliefs as facts for hundreds of years before they finally tossed them out as falsehoods, and I believe that there are still lots of falsehoods that will be tossed out of science facts in the future. Thank you.
- Hazem (age 55)
Phoenix, AZ, USA
The F in F = ma is the the total force on an object, often called the "net force." This equation is Newton's second law. (By the way, Newton wasn't made president of the Royal Society until 1703, 16 years after his Principia was published.)
Okay, so we need to consider all the forces on an object for F = ma to be valid. In both of your examples, you only mention one force, where there are actually at least two we need to account for.
In the case of pushing against a wall, there is a so-called normal force equal and opposite to the force you apply, so the acceleration is zero (unless you exceed the breaking strength of the wall). F_total = F_push - F_normal = 0.
In the case of a box being pushed along a floor with friction, there is a friction force opposite the pushing force. The friction force depends on the material (more for rubber, less for ice) and is usually proportional to the weight of the object. F_total = F_push - F_friction = ma (smaller for rubber, larger for ice).
You asked a question which came from curiosity and thinking about physical situations (good). With a little more thinking like that, I bet you would have wondered whether there might be additional forces that would explain your observations. Instead, you cheated yourself of any further understanding.
Rebecca H.
(published on 02/29/2016)
Follow-Up #3: testing F=ma form
I completely agree to the above explanation given by Mr. Mike W. All I want to ask is why F=ma?? I mean F=ma states that mass and acceleration has an equal effect on force. Intuitively and even logically I understand that force applied to generate a specific acceleration in an object depends on mass of the object. Let me put my point through a thought experiment. Consider a ball that weighs 500 grams and another that weighs 1 kg. Now make your friend drop them from the balcony of the first floor(so that it doesn't gives air resistance enough time to change their accelerations by a lot. So when the balls fall down they will be having almost similar acceleration) and you stand down to catch them. Now from the 1 kg ball you will experience a greater impact on your hands than with the 500 grams. This impact can be considered as the reaction of the force you applied on the ball to give it an acceleration of -g m/s2(-g because you brought it to rest). So the forces you applied on 2 balls having different masses gave the same acceleration and the one with the greater mass had the greater force applied on it. Hence F is directly proportional to mass. But is it?? I just said that both F are different and the one with the greater mass had the greater force applied on it but greater by what extent?? What if F is proportional to m^2 or m^3?? I understand the force is not to quantify naturally(how can calculate its absolute value, you need comparisons by setting a basic unit. ) but when you give an equation it should be justified?? F=ma is a very loose equation that can only be understood by experiments. Can anyone suggest me one where I can conclude that F is proportional to m and not to m^2 or m^3 and also F is proportional to a and not to a^2 or a^3??
- Akshat Khatri (age 20)
Sure, we can suggest such experiments.
First, let's take proportionality to F. Take some mass and push on it with 1 compressed spring, measuring a. Now use two, then 3, etc. Common sense says that F should be additive. So you can check that a is indeed proportional to F.
Now for fixed a you want to check if is proportional to m. You can put together 1, 2, 3... nearly identical masses. Check how many of those nearly identical compressed springs you need to get the combined mass accelerating at the fixed a.
Mike W.
(published on 10/03/2016)
Follow-Up #4: force and acceleration
Then what is the right equation to find net force??
- Vansh (age 14)
Delhi, India
I don't usually think of F=ma as "an equation to find the force" although I guess it plays that role in some homework problems. I thnk of it more as a way to predict the acceleration, a, when you have some known forces acting on an object. It turns out not to be quite right. Instead, the rule that makes correct predictions is F=dp/dt, as we said earlier in the thread. p =mv/(1-(v2/c2))1/2. ("m" here means the rest mass.) When v/c << 1, F=dp/dt becomes very close to F=mdv/dt=ma.
Mike W.
(published on 03/04/2018)
Follow-Up #5: F=ma?
I recently took a physics course where F = m * a was treated as an 'axiom', and the professor went on to derive almost all intermediate classical mechanics relations simply by using this axiom, imposing constraints, and employing the conservation laws. This must mean that the force-mass-acceleration relation is the foundation of physics, but can it ever be proved (either experimentally or philosophically) considering there are innumerable forces acting even among ordinary objects?
- Z. Awan (age 19)
Islamabad, Pakistan
As you can see from the preceding answers, F=ma is known not to be generally true, so it can't be the foundation of our current physics. As the discussion above explains, even before it was known to be false, philosophers had noted that the complications you mention make it hard to check whether it holds.
Mike W.
(published on 09/15/2018)
Follow-up on this answer.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78510
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A Man Fired From His Job On A Solid Metal Grey 465362 Background Cartoon Clipart
A man with black hair, wearing a light blue collared shirt with folded sleeves, dark gray pants and black shoes, frowns while carrying a box full of his office supplies and a small plant in a tiny blue pot
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78513
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862 - Rus were asked to rule
Roric was back in Frisia and was sending new viking hordes into Western France. He probably dropped his plans for control of the Eider area.
Prudence of Troyes stopped writing on Annales Bertiniani.
In March Weland was trapped at Trilbardou Bridge and he submitted to king Charles the Bald. He and his family was forced to baptize at the court of Charles the bald. Robert the Strong, mar-grave of Neustria, captured 12 Viking ships and killed their crews. He coughed up a tribute (Danegeld) for keeping the Vikings out. Most of them were mistaken for the Bretons, who had Salomon as their leader. These Danes were joined by those who had plundered in Spain
The Swedish viking chieftain Rurik and his 2 brothers Sineus(Sven) Truvor(Thorvald) were asked by the Slavic people to found an empire around Novgorod called Gardarige, his kin ruled until 1598, they were known as Rus.
In Sweden an area is called Roslagen and in Finnish Sweden is named Ruotsi and in Estonian Roosti and Chinese Rui-Dian.The trading town Kiev where a fortress on top of a area of high ground was build. Kiev took over from Novgorod as the Rus-Vikings’ capital in 862. Kiev gradually became the most important town
Cerball mac Dunlainge was reported to have defeated a Norwegian fleet under command of Rodolb, it is not clear that this is the same Rodolb whom he defeated in 855
Viking camp was build at Dunrally(County Laois)
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78524
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Oh Joy – Good Grief (EP Review)
I can guarantee you right now somewhere out there, someone is sitting alone in the corner of a dark room listening to this EP playing on repeat while holding a picture of their ex. Pretty much sums up my review of the Oh Joy’s new EP, Good Grief. But having listened to again I’m convinced this is an EP designed to emotionally hurt yourself too.
Starting off with…uggh… ‘Cab Sad’, we are treated to what the rest of the EP has to offer. A slow tempo starting at around about Moderato before moving into a slightly higher Allegretto Moderato matched with a change in arrangement, or, in ‘Cab Sad’s case, a slow drum beat smothering the guitar. ‘Volunteer’ has much the same, with late-stage drum and keyboard electric.
Despite the slight variance in the arrangement the whole EP blends into one. Oh Joy has jokingly called themselves ‘mope rock’ but never have I wanted to grab a band before and shake them while shouting, “For God’s sake be happy!” There is not even a repetitiveness to it, more of a droning, like a computer hum or white noise. I’ve listened to other musicians sing melancholy and sad songs but they change it up their tracks, add something new to the arrangement, harmony and tempo to trigger different reactions.
This just keeps going. The lyrics and arrangement trigger no sense other than social angst before settling into a dreary background noise like rain hitting a window.
Good Grief EP is out now.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78555
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From Wikitravel
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78565
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The Biggest Sin
By Samantha McKenzie
The biggest sin you can commit is lying to yourself. You can argue there are worse sins, like murder or armed robbery. You may even consider adultery or pedophilia at the top of the list. But it’s the lie that you tell yourself that gives way to all of the above.
Lying to yourself hinders your progress. It stops you from letting go or moving forward. It leaves you stuck, cemented, frozen in its madness.
Lying to the self blocks your blessing as well. Those stories that we constantly repeat about ourselves are stunting our growth. Those lies are damaging our self-esteem and creating major insecurities. We’ve got to make it stop.
So start small. When you hear the tiny lie, pause. Create a new sentence and speak it out loud. Make this a new resolution. You deserve to tell yourself the honest truth.
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78566
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Cherish the Little Things in Life
Women hugging
By Dawn Onley
The joys in life are often found in the little things.
We find the small stuff when we live in the moment: the smile, the hug, the dance, the foot rub, the nature walk, the family dinner. We can forget that these are the moments that make life so wonderful.
This often gets lost in our longings for the big stuff.
But it’s the small stuff — when we’re counting our blessings — that is just as important, if not more, than the big stuff. It’s these little moments that create the memories of a person, place or time. The little moments, spread out over a span of time, paint a rendering of our stories and form the melody of our songs.
The little moments are the main course of our everyday existence. The big stuff gets all the attention, but when I look at my big moments, I’ve come to see them as the icing on the cake. My life was already sweet because of the small stuff.
Learn to cherish the small stuff. We are conditioned to think of success as something big, but in actuality success is found in the small stuff that we do consistently, over time. It’s the same way with relationships of all types. Not much is jumpstarted over night. It’s built by the small moments.
The bedtime stories. The phone call to a friend. A cup of coffee prepared just right. The talks with your grandmother. A movie with your spouse. The compliments. The smiles. The family time. An early morning stroll. A delicious meal. A hug. A kiss. A luxurious bath. Reading a good book. An inspiring word. Crossing off items on your to-do list. Being able to bless someone just because you have been so blessed.
Cherish it all. The small stuff is what life is all about.
One Comment Add yours
1. Shel says:
Amen…loving every moment that life brings!!!
Liked by 1 person
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78575
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Design, simulate, and test ADAS and autonomous driving systems
Automated Driving System Toolbox™ provides algorithms and tools for designing and testing ADAS and autonomous driving systems. You can automate ground-truth labeling, generate synthetic sensor data for driving scenarios, perform multisensor fusion, and design and simulate vision systems.
For open-loop testing, the system toolbox provides a customizable workflow app and evaluation tools that let you automate labeling of ground truth and test your algorithms against ground truth. For HIL and desktop simulation of sensor fusion and control logic, you can generate driving scenarios and simulate object lists from radar and camera sensors.
Automated Driving System Toolbox supports multisensor fusion development with Kalman filters, assignment algorithms, motion models, and a multiobject tracking framework. Algorithms for vision system design include lane marker detection, vehicle detection with machine learning, including deep learning, and image-to-vehicle coordinate transforms.
Ground-Truth Labeling
Automate labeling of ground-truth data, and compare output from the algorithm under test with ground-truth data.
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Sensor Fusion and Tracking
Perform multisensor fusion using multiobject tracking framework with Kalman filters.
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Vision System Design
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Scenario Generation
Generate traffic scenarios and simulate radar and camera sensor outputs to test sensor fusion and control algorithms.
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Visualization Tools
Visualize output of camera, radar, and LiDAR sensors.
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Product Resources
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Explore documentation for Automated Driving System Toolbox functions and features, including release notes and examples.
Browse the list of available Automated Driving System Toolbox functions.
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This session shows how Automated Driving System Toolbox can help you visualize vehicle sensor data, detect and verify objects in images, and fuse and track multiple object detections
This presentation shows how engineers are developing advanced driver assistance systems using MATLAB and Simulink, using an automatic braking example.
Use MathWorks tools for developing and testing Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) algorithms in real time.
This presentation provides an overview of the solutions, development, and compromises in developing the object fusion for an Autonomous Braking System.
Implementing an Adaptive Cruise Controller with Simulink
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78598
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1. Home
2. Linux
How to install Simplenote on Linux
Simplenote is a note-taking application for Linux (and other platforms) developed by the creators of WordPress. It allows users to create and save text-based notes, categorize them with tags, and even share posts with friends. The app is a favorite in the Linux community as it is open-source, can keep your notes in-sync across the internet, and has a companion mobile application for both iOS and Android. In this guide, we’ll be going over how to install Simplenote on Linux.
To use this app, you must be running Ubuntu, Debian, Arch Linux, Fedora, and OpenSUSE. Run none of these distributions? You must install Snap packages or be able to run AppImage files instead.
Ubuntu/Debian Instructions
Simplenote, like many mainstream applications, supports Ubuntu, Debian and other Debian-based Linux distributions with a downloadable DEB package. So, if you’re on Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint, Elementary OS or another distribution that uses DEB packages, you’ll be able to install the software quite easily.
When you download and install the Simplenote DEB on your Linux PC, you should keep in mind that it doesn’t include a self-updating repository, and with each new update to Simplenote, you’ll need to go to the official website, download the new package and re-install it as an update.
Note: dislike re-downloading DEB packages? Consider following the Snap instructions instead.
To start the installation, follow this link to the Simplenote page. Scroll down the page, locate the “Download for Linux” button and click it to navigate to the Simplenote GitHub release page. Then, find the DEB package link on the page to start the downloading process.
After the Simplenote DEB package is done downloading, launch a terminal and CD into the ~/Downloads folder.
cd ~/Downloads
Install Simplenote with:
sudo dpkg -i Simplenote-linux*.deb
sudo apt install -f
Arch Linux Instructions
Arch Linux is quite popular among many in the community, but to mainstream software developers, this isn’t enough, and as a result, it doesn’t get an official release for most of the popular software that comes to Linux. Instead, Arch users looking to use a tool like Simplenote need to resort to the unofficial AUR package. It decompiles and sets up the latest Simplenote app for Arch Linux. To set up this package on your system, launch a terminal window and follow the step-by-step instructions.
Step 1: To interact with the AUR, you must install Git and Base-devel with the Pacman package management tool.
sudo pacman -S git base-devel
Step 2: Using the Git program, clone the latest AUR release of Simplenote to your computer.
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/simplenote-electron-bin.git
Step 3: Move the terminal into the AUR code folder with CD.
cd simplenote-electron-bin
Step 4: Compile the code and install Simplenote to Arch with makepkg. Keep in mind that you may need to manually install some of the dependencies on the Simplenote page if the build doesn’t go smoothly.
makepkg -sri
Fedora/OpenSUSE Instructions
For a long time, Simplenote had no RPM package available for Fedora and SUSE users. Thankfully, times are changing, and it’s now easier than ever to use the RPM version of the app. To install it on your Fedora or SUSE distribution, head over to the official Simplenote page, click on “Download for Linux,” and search the Simplenote GitHub release page for the RPM download link.
Once the Simplenote RPM file is done downloading on your PC, launch a terminal, CD into the ~/Downloads directory and follow the instructions to get it working on Fedora or SUSE.
cd ~/Downloads
sudo dnf install Simplenote-linux*.rpm
sudo zypper install Simplenote-linux*.rpm
Snap Package Instructions
A while ago, Simplenote came to the Snap package store. Installing Simplenote on Linux as a Snap is easy, and it gives those who can’t install DEBs or RPMs an easy way to get the app working quickly. Please note, that before you attempt to install Simpelnote on Linux as a Snap package, you must follow our guide and get Snapd set up and working.
With Snapd running on your Linux PC, run the snap install command below in a terminal window to get Simplenote.
sudo snap install simplenote
AppImage Instructions
Simplenote developers have long distributed a TarGZ archive for Linux users that don’t run Ubuntu or Debian and instructed everyone to use it as the preferred way to install. However, in recent months, things have changed, and there’s now a more straightforward way to get the program working if you use a lesser-known Linux OS: AppImage.
With AppImage, there’s no need to install anything. Just download the file, update the permissions, run it, and you’ll have access to your Simplenote account on the desktop. To download the Simplenote AppImage, go to the official webpage, click on “Download for Linux.” Then, locate the Simplenote AppImage download link on the GitHub release page.
When you’ve got your hands on the latest Simplenote AppImage, launch a terminal and do the following:
cd ~/Downloads
mkdir -p ~/AppImages
mv Simplenote-linux*.AppImage ~/AppImages
cd ~/AppImages
sudo chmod +x Simplenote-linux*.AppImage
Run the AppImage for the first time with:
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78632
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Power amplifiers
Power amp, 8 channel, 2RU 8 X 250W/4 ohms,bridgeable fan cooled, REVAMP8250
Product Code: AP-REVAMP8250
Apart Audio
Unit of Measure
5 Year
Technical Specifications
Brands Apart Audio
Channel count 4
Channel count 8
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8-channel bridgeable class D power amplifier, 8 x 250W, 4ohm
This 8-channel bridgeable power amplifier is probably the most versatile class-D amplifier in the range. Combined with a pre-amplifier or matrix the REVAMP8250 can be used to create 8 zones in mono, 4 zones in stereo, even 4 bridged mono or 2 bridged stereo systems can be created. The amplifier has an intelligent variable speed cooling fan built-in to keep the unit cool at all times. When installing the REVAMP8250, a handy input overload LED indicator on the rear and amplifier clip indicator on the front will guarantee a fast and hassle-free installation. Due to the amount of channels, limited amplifiers are needed in your project. This will save money and space, making it the ideal choice for your install.
dynamic output power 4 ohms 8 x 350 watts RMS output power 4 ohms 8 x 250 watts
dynamic output power 8 ohms 8 x 175 watts RMS output power 8 ohms 8 x 125 watts
dynamic output power bridged 8 ohms 4 x 650 watts output power RMS bridged 8 ohms 4 x 500 watts
power consumption (max) 2200 watts 19" (483 mm wide) rack mounting yes
height- rack units (1U=44 mm) 2 U height 88 mm
depth (build in) 330 mm depth (incl front) 338 mm
power supply 115 - 230 VAC power supply technology switching mode power supply
output channels 8 line input balanced 8
line input unbalanced 8 channel separation > 60 dB @ 1 kHz
power amp topology class-D applicable in 100V no
applicable low impedance yes Net weight product (kg) 21.7
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78639
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Wednesday, June 8, 2011
.NET Code Contracts: Invariants Explained
I have recently started using .NET Code Contracts. I love the streamlined approach to implementing pre-conditions and post-conditions that previously required multi-line if statements along with the ability to check coding assumptions statically and even at runtime (release or debug builds). .NET Code Contracts are another valuable tool in a software engineers arsenal to combat the growing complexity of software systems.
The latest MSDN magazine (June, 2011) has an thorough article on invariants which are an element of .NET Code contracts. The article will go into much more detail but essentially invariants allow for the verification of an object's internal state before and after a set of operations. To create an object invariant, a class simply needs to contain a new private method with the ContractInvariantMethod attribute and then specify any conditions within the private method that should hold true before and after any operation on the class or instances of the class. Here is an example of what the object invariant method would look like for a class called News which has internal state for the Title and Body of a news article:
private void ObjectInvariant()
What this accomplishes for programmers is that if they inadvertently try to alter the internal state on an instance of the News class to something it should not be (such as setting Title = string.empty), the .NET Code Contract static checker will warn the programmer that they are violating the object's invariant.
Thus, programmers can now design and build classes with the help of .NET Code Contracts that enforce correct API usage. This is a very powerful feature that will avoid subtle bugs from ever occurring.
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vermont chapter 7 bankruptcy means test
minnesota chapter 7 bankruptcy means testAre You Eligible for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in Minnesota? Take the Bankruptcy Means Test to Find Out
The Chapter 7 bankruptcy means test can determine if a Minnesota petitioner’s income level and expenses are eligible to file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The formula is designed to prevent individuals from Chapter 7 bankruptcy if they make enough money to pay down unsecured debts. If an individual does not qualify for Chapter 7 as determined by the Means Test of Minnesota, he or she may be able to file for a Chapter 13 bankruptcy to repay a fraction of the accrued debt.
Taking the Chapter 7 means test does not necessarily entail that an individual has to be impoverished to be able to file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. An individual who qualifies for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Minnesota may still have a high income if he or she has high car and/or mortgage payments, high taxes, and/or other expenses.
Understanding How A Chapter 7 Means Test Works
The Chapter 7 means test was designed to limit the use of a Chapter 7 bankruptcy to individuals who can no longer pay off their debts. The Chapter 7 bankruptcy works by subtracting certain monthly expenses from the individual’s present monthly income. The current income will be determined by the person’s last six (6) month’s income prior to filing for bankruptcy. This will determine the person’s available income.
If a person has a high amount of available income, the more likely it is that he or she will not be able to use a Chapter 7 bankruptcy to pay off the accrued debt. Instead, the individual will be expected to use the available funds to repay creditors.
Another important factor is that you only need to take a means test if the bankruptcy filer has predominantly consumer debts in Minnesota, not business debts.
How to Determine if the Earned Income is Greater than the Residential State’s Average Earnings
One of the initial questions in the Chapter 7 means test asks if the petitioner earns an income that is below the average income of his or her home state. If this is shown, the petitioner will not longer need to complete the rest of the means test. He or she will be a qualifying applicant for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
While the standards for this determination change fairly often in order to reflect increases in inflation and cost of living, the Minnesota income averages currently break down as follows:
For a single-person household:$54,613
For a two-person household:$74,283
For a three-person household:$87,811
For a four-person household*:$107,902
*For all households that exceed for active earners, add $8,400 for each individual in excess.
How to Determine if an Individual has an Income Surplus to Repay the Debt Accrued
If your earnings exceed Minnesota’s average income, which currently hovers around $63,488, the means test’s calculations become more complex. You must then calculate how much of your income is available to pay off your debt. If this income surplus is extensive, you have failed the Chapter 7 bankruptcy means test and cannot file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
It is important to note that determining the “average” level of income depend on the residential state and household size. It also depends on the petitioner’s city and/or county. The domestic location of the petitioner can greatly impact the acceptable means test amounts. For instance, wealthier counties in Minnesota, such as Carver County, will naturally demand a higher cost of living than others, which may benefit your bankruptcy petition.
How to Determine if You Need a Consumer or Business Bankruptcy
To be able to file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the debt accumulated has to be consumer debt; therefore, a person who has business debt does not qualify to file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. If you have debt relating to business expenses, a means test is not necessary.
If the debt collected is mainly comprised of business expenses, that individual will need to file for a business bankruptcy.
Successfully Passing the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Means Test
Passing the means test is not the last step in the process, as it is not the only qualifying factor. In Minnesota, petitioners will be required to also submit two forms. These forms are known as Schedule I (Income) and Schedule J (Expenses). If the individual has an income surplus, he or she will be court ordered to pay creditors monthly. This changes the case to a Chapter 13 bankruptcy.
Finally, qualifying for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy does not mean that a petitioner must file one. The test will simply determine that the petitioner can file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. It is important to explore all the available alternatives prior to making a decision. A qualified bankruptcy attorney versed in the laws local to Minnesota is a invaluable resource for determining if a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the best decision.
Need Help with the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Means Test?
Despite the wealth of information available to help us understand the Means Test and who qualifies, the particular circumstances of individual filers can greatly vary. A qualified Pennsylvania bankruptcy attorney at your side can help fully allay your concerns, and help you understand how you can pass the means test and file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
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Track your baby's development, week by week
Join now
i was having cramps so i went to the ER at that time i was 3wks and the doctor told me that they seen a small sack of fluid but he doesnt specialize in the pregnancy department but he checked all my levels and everything was normal except for my blood HCG level it was super high should i be worried
Mom Answers (1)
How did you even know you were pregnant at 3 weeks? You would have really only been pregnant for a week or less, and you wouldn't have missed a period until 4 weks or later...? Don't worry. Get a second opinion. Doesn't sound like you have all the details necessary to worry yet.
Answered 1/18/13
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78722
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On hearing the word ‘revisionism,’ suspicion lurks in the mind of some, and alarms sound in the mind of others. Suspicion is the elder sister of twins, credulity and incredulity. And of all kinds of credulity, the most obstinate and wonderful is that of zealots; of men who resign the use of their eyes and ears, and resolve to believe nothing that does not favor those whom they profess to follow.
Hence the law of truth, which most would accept in principle, is broken without penalty, without censure, and in compliance with inveterate prejudice and prevailing passions. Men are willing to credit what they wish, and encourage rather those who gratify them with pleasure, than those who provide them with fidelity, (or at least try to.)
Still, revisionism implies nothing else but an effort to seek historical truth and to discredit myths that are a barrier to peace and general goodwill among nations. There is nothing upon which more writers, in all ages, have laid out their abilities, than revisionism. And it affords no pleasing reflection to discover that a subject so controversial is anything but exhausted.
It may surprise some that the first undisputed revisionist was a relatively little known Renaissance scholar named Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457). He used his knowledge of classical Latin to prove that an important text written by Emperor Constantine, one thousand years before, was actually a forgery. To the skeptic who understandably asks, “So what?” the answer may surprise him. That discovery destroyed the historical justification for the Catholic Church to have a judicial right to the possession (essentially at will), of earthly lands and geographical domains.
The forged document titled “The Donation of Constantine,” stated, “I, Constantine, donated the whole of the Western Roman Empire to the Roman Catholic Church, as an act of gratitude for having been miraculously cured of leprosy by Pope Sylvester I.”
Lorenzo Valla proved that the vernacular Latin of the forged ‘donation’ was in use only in the 8th century AD, rather than the 4,th when the document had allegedly been written.
The incentive for Valla’s research was a land dispute between his patron Alfonso V of Aragon and the Pope of the time. Understandably the Church rejected the conclusion, but rather than been pilloried, insulted, derided, ostracized, banned or burned, Valla actually even enjoyed the patronage of Pope Callixtus III. Perhaps the spirit of the Renaissance inspired indulgence and forbearance, instead of hatred and revenge. Which is more than can be said about what happened to recent revisionists of more recent events.
To step back a little, let’s take the American Revolution for example. Patriotic historians have hailed the dumping of English-imported tea into Boston harbor as evidence of an unsullied love of freedom and of courageous revolting by idealistic patriots against a tyrannical enemy and extortionist import taxes.
But revisionists have shown that the first financier of the Revolution was John Hancock, a wealthy merchant from a family that made its fortune from smuggling. Tea happened to be a major item, generously drunk by colonists and locals.
It just so happened that England had a large overstock of stored and unsold tea from the East Indian Company. To dispose of it they sold it in America at a price that, even with the import tax, was less than the cost of the tea smuggled in America from Holland. This substantially cut into the profit of the Hancock business. Hancock but caught the stream in the torrent of occasion
In 1812 America wanted to conquer Canada to bring freedom thither, as pompously declared by Gen. William Hull in his annexation proclamation, before being defeated at Detroit. Two years later, during the peace negotiations with the British, the Americans denied of ever having intended to annex Canada. “But how about Gen. Hull’s declaration in Detroit?” asked the British. “That was not really government-sanctioned policy,” was the reply, as documented in the records.
And when the British requested some territorial exchanges and concessions that would have preserved independence for some American Indians, the Americans flatly refused. In a report to his boss in London, Lord Bathurst, the British negotiator Henry Goulburn wrote “…till I came here I had no idea of the fixed determination which there is, in the heart of every American, to extirpate (sic) the Indians and appropriate their territory.”
Yet, in the non-revisionist annals of history, the war of 1812 was “The War That Forged A Nation.”
To the Civil War (1861-1865), the term ‘revisionism’ has not generally been applied – though, to be pedantic about it, in the South the same war was called “War for Southern Independence.” Yet unofficial revisionists have focused on the causes of the Civil War far more than on the causes of either World War. Nevertheless, it is no longer impolitic to say that the war had little and only tangentially to do with slavery emancipation.
Revisionists have equally shown that, at the time of the Spanish American war in 1898, President McKinley, with the full Spanish concessions to his demands in his pocket, concealed the Spanish capitulation from Congress and demanded war. Which in turn required an excuse (“casus belli” is the technical term). The sinking of the Maine did nicely, with 268 dead American sailors. Blowing up the Maine was the 9/11 of the Spanish-American War.
Today it is acceptable to tell the truth about the Maine, partly or mostly because 120 years have worn out the print of remembrance, and much greater horrors have shown the immense power of immense evil.
Besides, the relatively recently published “Operation Northwood” papers show a detailed plan for a false flag operation that included the killing of an unspecified number of Americans, to justify the invasion of Cuba during Kennedy’s time. And, as universally acknowledged, the false North Vietnamese attack on an American frigate in the Gulf of Tonkin was the notorious excuse for the Vietnam War.
It is somewhat disheartening to agree with Oscar Wilde that “truth is a matter of style.” And if use almost can change the stamp of nature, habituation to mass media bombardment using the same story can make the story appear true and quell the power of independent thought.
Furthermore, insensibly and by degrees, the popular media, controlled by a state-within-the state, has cleverly assuaged the mesmerized audience to believe and accept that astuteness redeems any evil. Actual cases have literally shown that with lots of money even a moderately unintelligent criminal can get away with murder.
As for 9/11, I will not repeat what has been said, written, debated or demonstrated by thousands of others. In my mind there remains printed the expression of Larry Silverstein, either owner, or renter, or lessee of the towers, depending on intricate legal arguments and definitions. When he claimed on television that he did not go to his office on 9/11, because he had an appointment with a dermatologist, and his wife insisted that he keep it. Physiognomy, however, is a justly debatable science, immune to revisionism.
It was WW1 that actually brought the term “revisionism” into general use, and for good reasons. For the revisionists counted on an accurate assessment of the causes of the War for a review and re-write of the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty assigned to Germany and Austria the sole responsibility for the conflict.
The Germans were ‘Huns’ (sic), suggesting wild hordes of horse-mounted barbarians who brought havoc to the Roman Empire. That the German ‘Huns,’ in 1914, had the most socially advanced measures and safety-net for workers in Europe, including the equivalent of social security, was deemed irrelevant.
But at the onset of the war new methods of communication, mass journalism and propaganda could whip up popular opinion and mass hatred as never before in the history of warfare. By then propaganda, especially of the Edward Bernay’s type, was the arbiter of good and evil, as discussed in the article “The Fraud of Freud.” Propaganda, then and now, is ever ready to surprise the unawareness of the thoughtless, prone to be misled by meteors mistaken for stars.
Media-whipped-up hysteria made Germany entirely responsible not only for the outbreak of war in 1914 but also for the American entry in April 1917.
President Wilson, who decided to join the war to make the world safe for democracy, even imprisoned union leader Eugene Debs for having said that profit, not democracy was the only motive for that decision.
Other revisionists connected the entry of America in WW1 to the quid-pro-quo worked-out in England by certain bankers, in exchange for the Balfour declaration and the consequent eventual ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians.
At Versailles, the victors alleged that, on July 5, 1914, the Kaiser had called a Crown Council of leading German government officials, ambassadors, and financiers. Where he told them to ready themselves for the war he would shortly declare. Whereupon the financiers asked for a two weeks delay, to sort out loans and securities. The Kaiser agreed and then left for his habitual summer North Sea vacation on his yacht. All this was, allegedly, concocted to give the enemy a false sense of security.
An American revisionist proved from available documents that the Crown Council legend was a complete myth. Some of the alleged participants were not in Berlin at the time. And the Kaiser’s actual attitude, on that 5th of July, was 180 degrees opposite to the official narrative, while the two-week time requested by the bankers was imaginative fabrication.
What actually happened has a tinge of Clintonian-style scandal. The secretary to the German Ambassador in Constantinople, Baron Hans Von Wangenheim, revealed the facts.
Von Wangenheim had a mistress in Berlin and, in the early days of the crisis of 1914, she demanded that he return at once to Berlin to settle some critical matters with her. He complied and, to conceal from his wife the real reason for the trip, he told her that the Kaiser had suddenly summoned him to Berlin.
On his return, he told his wife about the fanciful Crown Council he had dreamed up. Shortly later, with his wife by his side, von Wangenheim met Morgenthau, then the American Ambassador at Constantinople, at a diplomatic reception.
Morgenthau had heard about von Wangenheim’s trip to Berlin and pressed him to say something about it. Under the circumstances, von Wangenheim could only repeat the myth he had told his wife. To what extent liquor may have lessened his restraint, and how much Morgenthau elaborated on what von Wangenheim actually said will be forever buried several fathoms in the earth, or sunk into the bottomless sea of things unknown.
Still, that preposterous tale demonstrates the value of revisionism and how momentous and tragic events hang on the most palpable fabrications. For on its basis, the then British Prime Minister Lloyd George advocated the hanging of the German Kaiser (which the Dutch refused to do, for the Kaiser was in exile in Holland).
More recently, Colin Powell’s vial full of milk, paraded as antrax at the United Nations, was the excuse to wage a war on behalf of Israel that netted the destruction of a country, the death of over thousands of American soldiers and a million plus Iraqis.
What caused WW2 would demand an equal or greater volume of revisionism, if free speech were not equated to heresy. To name just one, mostly-buried and poorly-answered question – England declared war on Poland because Germany had invaded part of it, to recover lands lost in WW1. Why did not England declare war on the USSR, who invaded Poland from the East to recover land lost under the terms of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty in WW1? Here the revisionists hit a lexical wall. England and France did not declare war on the USSR because the USSR was “in a state of neutrality.”
One current hot topic for revisionism is the so-called “Russia-gate.” In the US – according to statistics – less than 10% can even locate Ukraine on a map, as fascination for sports alone dramatically outweighs any potential interest in foreign things, let alone foreign history or the policies of foreign governments.
But even for millions in business or business related occupations, concern in foreign matters yields no physical, tangible residue, in the way of durable goods or profit. Consequently, such interests are deemed imbecile and distasteful to men whose habitual occupation is with the acquisition of wealth or the thought of it.
Therefore to suggest that Russia influenced the American electorate to vote for Trump, brings sublimity to the ridiculous. Yet even the “The New York Times,” which usually exhibits a shrewd eye to the limits within which dishonesty is the best policy, has succumbed to the temptation of promoting a legless fabrication. While the insupportably disagreeable lackeys of the information industry continue to lie without being belied, deceive without being unmasked, and wear the medals of their own crimes.
I will conclude this scant and thoroughly incomplete anthology of revisionism by referring to the Spanish Inquisition, which, more than from history books, is remembered thanks to the related satirical sketches of Monty Python.
Telegraphically compressed, the history goes as follows. In 1391 various rulers of Spain banned the Jews from their respective kingdoms. Or rather, the Jews were told to convert (to Christianity), or leave. Those who could leave left, those who didn’t and did not convert suffered persecution. Of those who converted, henceforth called “conversos”, many maintained their important and lucrative positions inside what today we call the establishment.
As an instance – and the related documentation is ample – take the case of Alonso de Cartagena. When 4 or 5-year old, he was baptized by his father Shlomo ha-Levi. Ha-Levi, in turn, had converted to Christianity just before the anti-Jewish pogroms of 1391, and later was elected bishop of Cartagena and Burgos, while his wife remained faithful to her original faith.
Anyway, the perception at large that the conversion to Christianity was just a front, led to two important developments. In 1492 King Ferdinand, who now ruled Castile and Aragon, banned from Spain the unconverted Jews with no exception, while the Inquisition (a kind of National Security Agency), set itself to determine if the conversion was sincere or not.
This decision to expel had been brewing for some time. In the meantime Pope Eugenius IV had nominated Cartagena Junior as Bishop of Burgos. Cartagena was a very learned man who translated Cicero and the books of Seneca in Castilian. And he also set himself to combat the view that Jews could not really be Christian, in his treatise titled “Defensorium.”
According to his (we can call it revisionist) view, the idea of the Jews being the “chosen people” was a misinterpretation. Abram’s circumcision – he wrote – was just a mark of an alliance, not a result of his merits. This is why “(God) generously decided to give his people the law, so that the distinction among peoples be perceived not only in the flesh by cutting off the foreskin, but also in the customs by cutting off vices.” [Dios] se dignó darle generosamente la ley para que la diferencia no fuese percibida sólo en la carne, por el corte del prepucio, sino en las costumbres, por el corte de los vicios” (Cartagena, Defensorium).
But this was not enough. Unsubstantiated historical rumor says that Ferdinand was reluctant to pass the expulsion measure, considering that he had received a very generous offer from prosperous members of the Spanish AIPAC of the time. At which Torquemada allegedly threw a cross at the feet of Ferdinand and said, “Christ was betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. Would you betray him, just because the reward is higher?”
Even so, the debate did not end, after the Jews’ expulsion of 1482. For in 1539 Ignatius of Loyola along with four other conversos and one established Christian, founded the Jesuit order. Bitter fights between the parties of “Jesuits-conversos-in” and “Jesuits-conversos-out,” lasted well into the 17th century.
In the overall context, it is interesting to consider the views of Benzion Netaniahou, father of Benjamin Netayou-know-who.
Benzion died in 2012 aged 102, and in 1995 published his book titled, “The Origins of the Inquisition.”
According to a commentary by a critic, B. Netaniahou’s intent was ,“to dissect the consequences of Jewish naiveté. His fascination with medieval Spain wasn’t based only on the behavior of the victimizers but of the victims. He not only drew a line connecting what he defined as the racial anti-Semitism of the Inquisition with Nazism, but implicitly drew a line between the Jews who saw medieval Spain as their golden land and the Jews who saw modern Germany as their new Zion. It is precisely that dread of Jewish self-deception that has defined the politics of Benzion’s son.”
Other revisionist critics have disputed that B. Netaniahou wished to portrays Jews as naive, by quoting the following passage from his book,
It was primarily because of the functions of the Jews as the king’s revenue gatherers in the urban areas that the cities saw the Jews as the monarch’s agents, who treated them as objects of massive exploitation. By serving as they did the interests of the kings, the Jews seemed to be working against the interests of the cities; and thus we touch again on the phenomenon we have referred to: the fundamental conflict between the kings and their people—a conflict not limited to financial matters, but one that embraced all spheres of government that had a bearing on the people’s life. It was in part thanks to this conflict of interests that the Jews could survive the harsh climate of the Middle Ages, and it is hard to believe that they did not discern it when they came to resettle in Christian Europe. Indeed, their requests, since the days of the Carolingians, for assurances of protection before they settled in a place show (a) that they realized that the kings’ positions on many issues differed from those of the common people and (b) that the kings were prepared, for the sake of their interests, to make common cause with the “alien” Jews against the clear wishes of their Christian subjects. In a sense, therefore, the Jews’ agreements with the kings in the Middle Ages resembled the understandings they had reached with foreign conquerors in the ancient world.”
Conclusion? The resentment against the Jews was the fault of the kings. Or rather, Jews were not naive, as one of the book reviewers suggested. Instead they realized that in allying themselves with exploiting ruling elites, they would incur the wrath of the people and thus require princely assurances of protection.
The Jewish alliance with local exploitative elites is a constant among alleged causes of anti-Jewish resentment, in Europe and elsewhere. Whether this set of affairs can be observed in the current Zeitgeist of American history, I do not feel qualified to determine. Considering that the purpose here is/was to review revisionism, not to draw, declare or dismiss sundry articles of truth.
Furthermore, of things that revolve around human life, the world is the proper judge. To despise its sentence, if it were possible, is not just; and if it were just, is not possible. For in the end, as it was said, and not by me, “Nothing is good or bad, but thinking makes it so.”
The post Revisionism appeared first on LewRockwell.
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Mario kart
Páginas: 6 (1391 palabras) Publicado: 7 de noviembre de 2010
• Mario Kart Wii takes a step in a new direction, as twelve players are present in normal races. All 12 racers head to the finish in a multi-lap race around a given circuit. Along the way, players may employ items, horseplay, and take shortcuts to earn first place.
• Mario Kart first appeared in 1992on the Super Nintendo. It was a racing game in which we choose to 8 characters from Nintendo and compete in 16 wild tracks. Mario Kart quickly became a bestseller and a cult game. The formula for success was to combine good graphics with extreme playability.
In 1997 he appeared for the Nintendo 64 Mario Kart 64 as expected. New circuits and three-dimensional graphics ensured thesuccess of the series.
In 2001 appeared for what was then the DS, the Gamboy Advance, Mario Kart Super Circuit. 16 tracks including the Super Nintendo and 16 other totally new.
Already in 2003, Nintendo introduced for its new console, the Game Cube, Mario Kart Double Dash!. The game was a success and a benchmark for the fans of this console. Gorgeous graphics, 20 players and16 Cicuit elgir totally new. This version included the novelty of which were loaded in each Kart 2 characters.
• In late 2005 appeared for the current portable console Nintendo DS, Mario Kart DS. Choice of brand new circuits or a selection of the best tracks from previous sagas. The graphics were much improved over the previous version and obviously notebook was also a bestseller.
•Finally, in the year 2008 commercialized Mario Kart Wii today I'll talk.
• Career.
• In this game you can choose the different types of motorcycles and cars to participate in the races, these are:
A total of twelve Mariocharacters are available from the start, while twelve more can be unlocked for a total of twenty-four. They are separated into these three categories:
•Medium: Are able to drive medium-sized vehicles. Most of the karts show an average acceleration, weight and off-road.
• Grand Prix (1 player) In this mode, the player races against 11 other CPU players in a quest to finish first. There are 8 cups to choose from, ranging from the most to the least difficult. The player earns points by placing within 12 positions (see chart below.) The player with the most points at the end of the four races wins.
• Time Trial (1 player) Theplayer races for the fastest time on a selected course. The fastest record will be able to be raced again as a ghost. The player can also race staff records, Regional Records/Champions(WiFi must be used,) World Records/Champions(WiFi also must be used,) and Friend Records(Friend must be registered, friend must send the ghost for Ghost Races, and WiFi also must be used.)
• Versus (1 to 4players, up to 12 online) Players can race to their own custom settings, but it is otherwise relatively the same to Grand Prix.
• Battle (1 to 4 players, up to 12 online) Players team up with each other in a battle for the most points. Items only work against the other team so it won't have an effect to the player's team. There are two ways to battle:
– Balloon Battle: Get points by...
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Conviértase en miembro formal de Buenas Tareas
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INDEX >> part2 > coordinates and UCS
The "coordinates" of AutoCAD
We see now the "coordinates" of AutoCAD, although they are not crucial in simple designs, but is still useful for understanding the operation of the program.
On older versions they are visible in the lower left, below the command line, you can now made it visible by clicking the button to the right of the “bottom bar” and checking the first voice "coordinates".
autocad coordinates
As you move the mouse over the drawing you will see the numbers move quickly, these numbers represent the X,Y coordinates of the point where the cursor is located.
By clicking on it with the mouse, activate or disable those coordinates.
A line drawn on the drawing area will therefore have the X and Y coordinates for each of the two points that define it, the beginning and the end.
Practically we are drawing on a "Cartesian Plane".
We have seen that the UCS symbol represents the X,Y axis of that "Cartesian plane" on which we are designing and by using the "ortho" function we can constrain AutoCAD drawing parallel to these axes.
If we want to draw for example 45°, we can rotate the axis of the UCS.
To do this just type in the letters on the keyboard UCS and then press the enter key.
After typing the letter Z and then press “enter” again.
The letter Z indicates the third axis, that looking at the sketch would be projected into our eyes and is therefore the pivot around which will rotate the axes X and Y.
Type 45 and then press enter yet.
As you can see, the UCS is rotated and with it the cursor, the command is completed.
Drawing now with "ortho" active we will be constrained to 45°.
I now repeat the command, writes UCS and press Enter twice in a row; the UCS will be brought back by the inclination of origin. Simple right?
We repeat again, type in UCS and then hit enter, now enter an OB instead of Z, then hit enter.
These letters are an abbreviation for "OBject" as suggested by the command line.
The cursor changes to a selection handle, if we have a slanted line on the drawing and select by clicking on them with the mouse, the UCS will catch up to that line.
To bring it back to the origin, as before repeating the command and press Enter twice in a row, or type a W instead of Z and then enter.
- Buy the e-book complete course -
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Converting advantages : Knight endings
Dec 5, 2015, 9:39 PM |
This is a difficult topic, because knight endings are in general quite difficult, because of the amazing amount of squares that a knight can reach.
There's probably a bunch of rules of thumb for knight endings but here's a few I could just think of right now :
1. Knight endings tend to be quite difficult. Don't go for a knight ending if you are not sure about how the evaluation of the position is.
A pawn up in a knight ending with both a knight and several pawns on both wings does not guarantee the win. It all depends on knight and king activity and how weak (or not so weak) the pawns are.
2. Pawns on the edge of the board (a and h pawns) are usually difficult to stop by a knight.
The knight often needs a few moves before it can stop a pawn on the edge of the board.
3. A knight can do amazing miracles to stop a single passed pawn only supported by the opponent king, which can lead to unexpected draws.
It is often better to have a few isolated pawns or connected pawns, rather than one single passed pawn where the king must support the promotion of that pawn.
Let's have a look at a few games.
For further reading :
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Get Ready to Win!
Apr 10, 2011, 2:24 PM |
Last week, my chess game improved greatly. I have been taking private lessons with Henry for three weeks now. A good teacher will greatly improve your game. You can read books on your own, but a good teacher has a better perspective on where you are and is more adept at giving you specific recommendations on how to improve your game. Of course you can learn by reading books, and watching videos—all of which should be done regardless, but a good teacher will make your learning process more efficient. You don't know what you don't know. One smart mistake I was making, with a book in hand, was studying pawn chains as though they were my opening. So I was making too many pawn moves—you should make no more than two, three if you fianchetto on your castle-side—while failing to develop my higher ranking officials. That minor adjustment improved my game tremendously.
This week, while going through a game I lost, my teacher said to me, "He's not beating you. You're beating yourself." That message really hit home to me, because too often we make mistakes that we have no excuse making. It pained my teacher to see me make blunders when he knew that I knew better. If I continue to make those kind of mistakes, he said, "I can't help you." If you know better and continue to make the same mistake, no one can help you until you decide to assume the position of knowing better and truly desire to want better results from yourself.
In order to reduce my blundering I need to play longer games and really think about the moves I'm making. I wondered to myself, am I thinking like a good chess player?
This week, to develop my chess metacognition, I am going to annotate each move with why I am making a move and also considering the following questions:
• Why did I make that move?
• What do I gain by making that move?
• What does my opponent gain with their moves?
• Where are his vulnerable positions that I can exploit? Where are mine?
This game here is the first time I tried this technique. I won by resignation. I will do this for every game I play this week.
Don't pick a fight unless you're ready to win. If you're in a state of mind where your defenses are down; you're mentally or physically tired, pressed for time, or just going through the motions, play an unrated game. A large part of being a winner is picking and choosing your battles. Assess your state of mind. Size up your competition. The entire game of chess involves involves making moves that will increase your probability of winning. Don't play to lose. Get ready to win!
Do you have any advice on improving one's chess metacogition? What questions do you ask yourself while making a move?
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General Discussion 6
What is approx. useful life of jar of soup base after opening?
Windmaker | Feb 27, 201508:51 PM
I'm a bachelor (won't use often) that's about to make an initial purchase of some Superior brand "Better than Bouillon" soup base and I'm curious to know approximately how long I can expect it to last (and still be useful) in the refrigerator once it's opened. Anyone think they know?
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Monday, March 7, 2011
Change: Life Since the Accident (Jan 6)
1. So well put. I have been feeling much of what you have described since my pain got out of control. I don't have any answers or even words of wisdom...but I'm here and I understand what your talking about.
2. Jamie,
I didn't have an accident, but I have similar experiences with how my life changed when my Migraines became debilitating. I especially feel for you when you talk about your closest friends leaving your side. I grieved a lot about that. I likened it to it felt our relationship would be if I had died. As in, my life had halted but their lives had gone on, like what happens when someone dies. People have to go on. And that meant they continued their lives without me because I was not in the places where we maintained our friendships and so I was out of sight/out of mind. And keeping up with our friendships meant they had to go out of their way to come to my house or text or email ect. And apparently they weren't willing to do those things. But also, unfortunately, the nature of Migraine disease is that we isolate because sometimes being with people is physically painful. Thanks for talking about this stuff.It helps to hear how others have experienced similar things.
3. I totally get this, despite having no history of car accident or trauma. When I think of who I was prior to Sept 2005 and every day since, the mirror shows two entirely different people. Those changes happened almost overnight. Thank you for posting this. It's good to know it isn't just me.
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Climate Northern Ireland Logo
Italian Society for Climate Sciences
SISC Sixth Annual Conference
Wed 17th October 2018 - Fri 19th October 2018, Scientific Campus of Ca’ Foscari, University of Venice
Recent trends in climate sciences, adaptation and mitigation” is the title of the SISC Sixth Annual Conference, taking place on October 17th – 19th, 2018 at the Scientific Campus of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venezia–Mestre, Italy.
The Conference aims at connecting leading scientists, researchers, economists, practitioners, business leaders, and policy makers, whose activities are focused on different aspects of climate change, its impacts and related policies.
The Conference is an important interdisciplinary platform for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of science and management of climate change.
Topics of interest include:
• Global carbon and other biogeochemical cycles and feedbacks
• Future global climate: scenario–based projections and near–term information
• Polar climate
• Paleoclimate
• The Earth’s energy budget, climate feedbacks, and climate sensitivity
• Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate
• Linking global to regional climate change
• Mitigation pathways compatible with near to long–term goals
• Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation
• National and sub–national policies and institutions
• Innovation, technology development and transfer
• Emissions trends and drivers
• Climate change in the Italian Mountains and the Mediterranean Region (NextData project)
• Climate services: role, application, value, challenges and opportunities for market development
• Challenges for climate change adaptation in the post Paris world
Submit your abstract! The call for abstract is open. SISC members and no members are invited to make a submission. It is possible to submit an abstract until June 15th, 2018.
Read more via the Italian Society for Climate Sciences website…
See website for details
See website for details
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Sound-bouncing membrane could make plane cabins 1,000 times quieter
A new membrane applied to the honeycomb insulation in planes could act like a drum, bouncing engine noise away. Yun Jing
Even when airplane cabins aren't filled with wailing babies, safety announcements and flight details, they are still pretty noisy places due to sounds and vibrations from jet engines. However, a new rubber membrane could make plane cabins significantly more peaceful.
Plane cabins are currently insulated with a strong, light honeycombed material. While it's great at keeping weight down -- and therefore, fuel economy up -- it's not so great at blocking sound.
North Carolina State University and MIT researchers, whose work was detailed last week in Applied Physics Letters, figured out that by putting a rubber membrane measuring 0.25 mm thick (about 0.01 inches) on the honeycomb, they could bounce up to 1,000 times more sound waves away from the cabin than is currently possible. The membrane is particularly effective at eliminating low-frequency noises, like those that come from the plane's massive engines.
While that seems like a no-brainer to any frequent flier, airlines might not be so quick to adapt the material. A major hurdle is that the membrane adds 6 percent to the overall weight of the plane, which would then raise fuel costs. However, Yun Jing, an acoustician at North Carolina State University who helped develop the membrane method, told Scientific American that a compromise might be possible. A thinner membrane would add just a few percentage points in weight, while still offering significant sound reduction.
Such a solution might actually be even more beneficial, as Jing said some people find engine noise comforting. "Some people say they actually want to hear the sound of the engine," he told Scientific American. "They don't want the cabin to be too quiet. They want to make sure the plane is still flying."
And don't forget, a little engine noise helps drown out the wail from that crying baby in row 15.
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Coca-Cola Polar Bear Head Slippers
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The Struggle for Mastery in Asia
The Struggle for Mastery in Asia - The Struggle for Mastery...
The Struggle for Mastery in Asia By: Aaron Friedberg First No matter how china does economically or its political system changes, over the next couple of decades they will not collapse. Second China wants to become the preeminent Asian power, which means that it will displace the United States as the preponderant power in the region. Third The United States is not going to abandon its preponderant power in Asia and surrender it to China. W/O heavy US inflows, China would not have been able to progress as it has. US used trade because a mutual exchange is assumed to forge a shared interest in good relations, and a powerful disincentive to conflict. According to US advocates of engagement, economic growth will speed democratization and China would be far less likely to use force or threats. Commercial Liberalist View
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Unformatted text preview: • The rapid growth of China’s economy has produced a significant expansion in its influence all along its interior land frontier. Therefore, its poor neighbors are increasingly looking at them for aid and business deals. • The First sort of struggle for mastery in Asia vis-à-vis its economic power. PG. 3 extremely important for China rule over Asia. • The Second sort of struggle for mastery in Asia is vis-à-vis militarily. • If the Chinese want to displace the United States as East Asia’s dominant military power, Chinese strategists must come up with new ways of countering American forces. o The possible use of missiles against US regional bases. o Acquire weapons in which to sink American surface ships, and especially the aircraft carriers on which the US now relies heavily on....
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• Spring '06
• Economics, Republic of China
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The American Postal Network, 1792–1914 Vol 3
1st Edition
Richard R John
Published January 1, 2012
Reference - 1920 Pages
ISBN 9781138757776 - CAT# Y221642
was $180.00
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By covering both administrative and non-administrative aspects of the postal network, this four-volume reset edition shows how this system was part of a larger network which included different modes of transport and communication (steamboats, railroads, telegraphs) as well as political parties (the Democrats, Whigs and Republicans).
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global_01_local_1_shard_00001926_processed.jsonl/78929
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Im completely new to programming, and this is my problem.
For example, if a train travels 40 miles per hour for three hours, the distance trav-eled is 120 miles. Design a program that asks the user for the speed of a vehicle ( in miles per hour) and how many hours it has traveled. It should then use a loop to display the distance the vehicle has traveled for each hour of that time period. Here is an example of the output:
What is the speed of the vehicle in mph? 40 [ Enter]
How many hours has it traveled? 3 [ Enter]
I can get it up until the point where I have to make a loop, and then it completely loses me. If anyone could help me with this flow chart id greatly appreciate it.
Sorry if this is the wrong forum. Im completely new here.
Basic for loop
for (int hours = 1; hours <= totalhours; hours++)
// Compute distance travelled - distance = hours * speed
int distance = hours * speed;
// then print the disance using cout
cout << "After " << dec << hours << " hours at " << speed << " mph, "
<< "the distance travelled is " << distance << " miles." << endl;
You get to figure out the flow chart... :-)
Thanks for the reply. Ill try to decipher that :D
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December 15, 2018
Hot Topics:
• March 18, 2016
• By Bill Hatfield
• Send Email »
• More Articles »
Applications of all kinds, from boring business apps to the coolest games, are all about gathering, storing, manipulating, and presenting data. Here, you'll discover how Python tackles these basic but essential tasks. You're now familiar with the Python working environment, so it's time to get busy.
A variable is just a bit of memory set aside to store something—an address, a city, a high score, or the number of birds you have left to hurl at the evil pigs. You name your variables and store data in them.
To create a new variable, you just give it a name and assign a value to it, like so:
>>> lives = 3
To store things like addresses or names, you use quotation marks around the value, like this:
>>> player = "Noob1"
Variables come in a number of varieties, or types, based on what they hold. In each of the following sections, you'll discover variable types and the ways they can be used in your application.
Crunching Numbers
Numeric data is special because you can manipulate it using all the rich math functions available in Python. Numeric data can be divided into two kinds: whole numbers and decimal numbers.
Integers and Longs
For whole numbers, Python offers two data types: integers and long integers. An integer's variable is referred to as int and is stored using at least 32 bits. This will likely meet most of your needs because it can hold any number from around negative 2 billion to positive 2 billion. (You can check the documentation on your platform to find the exact limits.)
If you do need to hold a whole number that's bigger (or smaller) than that, you use a long type variable. In Python, a long doesn't have any limit on its size. Note that if you compare or do arithmetic on a mix of ints and longs, Python will automatically convert them all to longs.
For decimal numbers, Python provides the float type. This type specifics the precision and range of values supported, again dependent on the platform.
Note that you don't need to specify the keywords int, long, or float when you create variables (as you would in some other languages). Instead, you just put a value in your variable (as above) and Python figures out the appropriate type automatically.
Specific letters may be used together with literal numbers in your code to indicate the type you intend. If you assign the value 23L to a variable, you are indicating that you want the value stored as a long instead of a standard int. For unadorned literals, Python will select between int or float as appropriate.
Numeric Operators and Functions
Python uses all the standard math operators you find in any language: +, -, /, and * for add, subtract, divide, and multiply. The % is the modulus operator (the remainder after integer division). And, ** is used to raise a value to a specified power.
>>> amount = 157.56
>>> amount = amount + 15.75
>>> print(amount)
>>> rate = 0.15
>>> interest = amount * rate
You may convert among the different types by using int(), long(), and float(), passing the value you want to convert. To round numbers in different ways, you'll use math.trunc(), round(x,n), math.floor(), and math.ceil().
Strings store letters, numbers, and symbols "strung" together to specify things like the a person's name, their address, and the make of their car. The data type to hold these values is str. String literals are always surrounded by either single or double quotes, as in "Goldie the Cat" or 'Subaki the Dog'.
Note: If your application requires exchange of data with other applications that use a Unicode character set, you can use the unicode data type. A Unicode literal string is prefixed with u, as in u"Lola the Cat". Note that there must not be any whitespace between the u and the first quote.
String Literals
Within a string literal, you also can specify a number of special characters by using an escape sequence. Here are a few common ones.
Escape Sequence Description
\n Line feed
\t Tab
\' and \" Used to add a single or double quote within a string
\\ Used to display the backslash character itself
So, for example…
>>> title = "He is Called \'Uncle\' Dunkershnozel\n"
>>> print(title)
He is Called 'Uncle' Dunkershnozel
This assigns a string to a title that has single quotes around Uncle and a line feed at the end.
Operators and Functions
There are a host of string functions to help you search, join, divide, and otherwise manipulate string values.
Use + for Concatenation
You don't perform math on strings like you do with numbers, but there are a few handy operators. For example, when you use the + with two strings, it sticks the strings together (concatenates them).
>>> first = "Fred"
>>> last = "Smith"
>>> print(first + last)
Of course, because there wasn't a space in either the first or last name, no space appears after they are combined. But, you can add one by using the + operator.
>>> print(first + " " + last)
Fred Smith
In this case, we just added a literal string that only contained a single space and concatenated it between the other two. You can concatenate together as many strings as you like this way.
Use * for Repetition
Although most languages allow you to easily concatenate strings with an operator, few provide a repetition operator, as Python does. Here's how it works.
>>> piggy = "Oink"
>>> print(piggy * 3)
Just use the times operator between your string and a number and the resulting string will be repeated that many times.
Slicing Up Your Strings
In Python, you can use square brackets to get at parts of a string, like so:
>>> alert = "The Red Coats are coming!"
>>> print(alert[4])
The number inside the square brackets tells you the character to display, in this case, the 4th. The fourth is a space, you say? Sure if you start counting with 1, like a human. Python (and virtually all other computer languages) begin counting with 0 instead of 1. So, if the first character is 0, the fourth would be R.
A more interesting use of the square brackets is to pull out a piece of the string. For example…
>>> print(alert[4 : 7])
This code plucks out characters 4 through 7. "But wait…" I know, I know. It's actually 4 through 6, right? Actually, no. Think of it this way…
Figure 1: Determining the numerical assignment to letters
Imagine the numbers you use to refer to parts of the string aren't character numbers, really. The numbers actually go between each letter. So, when we say we want the characters 4 through 7, you can see in Figure 1 that we're referring to R, e, and d.
Searching a String
The easiest way to determine if one string is within another is to use the in operator.
>>> "Gold" in "Goldie the Cat"
You now have the basics for using variables with numbers and strings. With this foundation, you are ready to launch into Python's exciting commands, structures, and libraries.
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