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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/38948 | AutoCAD 2007/2008/2009
Contributor zph
Posts: 21
Registered: 10-27-2008
Message 1 of 2 (158 Views)
Accepted Solution
Standards file
158 Views, 1 Replies
12-05-2012 05:48 AM
Good day all,
I use a standards file to check my drawings. Some of my layers are named as such:
layername.3...and so on
I never know how many layers I'll need per drawing, so, the ".1" could go to ".32" or ".99" or whatever. I'd like to not need to type each and every layer name into the standards file 99 times. Is there a way to force the .dws file to accept "layername*"? Meaning anything after "layername" is accepted by the .dws, regardless of what number follows.
Please use plain text.
*Expert Elite*
Posts: 19,553
Registered: 11-06-2003
Message 2 of 2 (146 Views)
Re: Standards file
12-06-2012 05:58 AM in reply to: zph
That's the limitation of a "standards" file, it must contain everything you consider a standard without exceptions.
By chance are your Standards File and the Template file a perfect match? it may help in the long run with your quest.
Dean Saadallah Blog | Facebook | Google+ | Twitter | PINS
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/38954 | id summary reporter owner description type status priority milestone component version resolution keywords cc os architecture failure difficulty testcase blockedby blocking related 7148 generalized newtype and type families is unsound carter simonpj "the code from http://joyoftypes.blogspot.com/2012/08/generalizednewtypederiving-is.html type checks in the release candidate also see discussion here http://www.reddit.com/r/haskell/comments/y8kca/generalizednewtypederiving_is_very_very_unsafe/ (punch line: the generalized newtype deriving + type families or gadts allows users to write unsafeCoerce etc) perhaps a simple near term solution is to have any module using generalized new type deriving be inferred to be unsafe by default? " bug closed normal 7.8.1 Compiler (Type checker) 7.6.1-rc1 fixed Unknown/Multiple Unknown/Multiple None/Unknown Unknown deriving/should_fail/T7148 |
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Left/right causes changes to be forgotten #25
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Frank Shearar
Frank Shearar
t =, [,])
z = t.zipper
new_t = z.down.replace(
new_t.should ==, [,])
The above spec fails because the path of contexts - the path to the root - doesn't go through the changed node. As a result the rooting process doesn't go through a "this has changed" context, and the edit is lost. The same thing will happen for rightmost, left, leftmost... but not down.
Frank Shearar frankshearar closed this in 9d67f2f
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• AN ACCIDENTAL INTERCEPTION OF FATE 7b: Slippery, Bright and Stupid (S/J, prefilm)
• NextPrevious
• Minisinoo
Continued direction from 7a.... ... Scott remained in Berkeley for the summer in a subleased studio apartment while EJ went home to direct his church s summer
Message 1 of 1 , Jul 3, 2002
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Continued direction from 7a....
Scott remained in Berkeley for the summer in a subleased studio
apartment while EJ went home to direct his church's summer youth
camp. No longer living in the dorm, and with most of the other
students he knew scattered, Scott lacked ready social distraction and
might have holed up in his attic room when he wasn't in class,
noodling on his bass, ordering delivery pizza, and drinking lots of
coke as he struggled with Complex Variables. But the suggestions
he'd made to his fellows back in Westchester hadn't excluded himself,
so he made time for the gym and resumed the study of Shotokan Karate
that he'd begun in high school on a lark. He'd also signed up for
piloting lessons.
Phoebe was the only one of his personal circle who had remained in
town, but she'd chosen to stay in the dorms, so he saw less of her
than he might have expected. He could have stayed in the dorms as
well, but it would have meant accepting another roommate for the
duration, and to his mind, it was baiting Fortune to grant him a
second EJ. He had neither the energy nor the inclination to begin
anew with anyone less. That he and EJ would room together again in
the fall hadn't been something either had discussed. They'd simply
assumed it, and spent the end of spring looking for an apartment that
was within cycling distance; EJ might have had a car but Scott
didn't, and a parking permit amounted to a hunting license, in any
case. Unfortunately, cost and rooms complicated things. Housing
wasn't cheap; this was California, and worse, a college town.
Apartment complexes banked on the demand, and rent for even a single
bedroom anywhere within a half-hour walk was exorbitant. Yet being
young men, and attractive young men who might hope for a date now and
then, they had a desire for privacy, especially after living in
cramped conditions for a year, and wanted two bedrooms. But two
bedrooms went for over a grand, and EJ simply couldn't afford it.
"No fucking way!" he'd announced after the seventh or eighth inquiry.
So Scott had offered to pay two-thirds. He had the means, and as the
year had progressed, he'd grown less shy about occasionally using it,
but EJ had refused. Pride. Scott understood pride. And thus the
matter had remained unsettled when the semester had ended and EJ had
returned to LA, leaving Scott to solve the dilemma.
In late June, when he had nearly despaired of finding anything and
time was running out to secure even a one-bedroom for the fall, he
spotted an ad in the local paper for a two-bedroom garage apartment
on the south side. It was a bit far to walk, but decent for riding.
And it was cheap, so he went to investigate, figuring at only $850 a
month, there had to be a catch.
The owner was a widow in her early seventies who had moved west with
her husband even before the boom of the fifties and sixties. Mrs.
Eloise Gale. She still set her hair in old-fashioned curlers and
bobby pins every night, and wore lipstick to the grocery, to which
she drove in an antiquated Dodge Dart that had less than 70,000 miles
on it.
"She must never drive the thing anywhere *but* to the grocery," Scott
told EJ later. "For the past thirty-five years!"
The apartment itself had turned out to be old but clean, with high
ceilings, wooden floors, and double-hung windows set to maximize air
circulation. They'd have to live without a garbage disposal or
central AC, but the dorms hadn't had AC either, and the place did
have a washer and dryer for their use. Mrs. Gale had explained the
low rent thus, "I want some nice young men to live on the property.
It's not safe these days, you know, for a woman alone. The rent is
low, but it includes all the yard work, fixing things in the house,
and keeping up my car. I'm mostly blind, you see, and can't get
around so well."
Mrs. Gale had been a WAVE in World War II -- Women Accepted for
Volunteer Emergency Service -- and when she had learned that Scott
was the son of an US Air Force pilot, and that his projected roommate
was the son of a minister, that more or less had sealed the deal . .
. which had been concluded with nothing more than a polite pat on his
shoulder. Scott hadn't been too sure what to make of the
informality, but he'd phoned EJ to let him know that they had a place
for the fall, and could he come up the next weekend to meet their
Unfortunately, the small detail that EJ was the son of a *black*
minister had never been specified. It simply hadn't occurred to
Scott that he should -- he'd become accustomed to Berkeley being
Berkeley -- and it equally hadn't occurred to Mrs. Gale that a nice
white boy might voluntarily choose to room with a black boy, however
nice. So when EJ had arrived with Scott on the quaint, white
spindle-rail porch of their landlady's house and Scott introduced him
with, "Mrs. Gail, this is Elijah Haight," everyone was surprised.
She'd stared through the screen, her age-puckered mouth with its
crooked, too-pink lipstick dropped in shock. "But I've never rented
to a colored before," she'd said.
And Scott hadn't been sure what he'd been was more embarrassed about:
that he'd brought his friend there to be insulted, that it hadn't
occurred to him to verify that it wouldn't be an issue in the first
place, or that he'd called her 'a sweet old lady' to EJ on the phone.
Beside him, he'd felt EJ stiffen. "You're the son of a minister?"
she'd asked. The screen door had remained closed.
"Yes. My father's head minister at Bethany Baptist in LA."
"Oh, a Baptist! I'm a Baptist, too. Northern Baptist, though."
"Same here," EJ had said. "American Baptist," using the more recent,
less colloquial title for the branch.
And the screen door had opened. EJ had glanced at Scott, who'd
shrugged, and they'd gone in. Odd, the small details that could open
a door, or leave it shut, and Scott had wondered what Mrs. Gale would
think if she'd known the 'nice white boy' was a mutant. Then again,
it might matter to her more that he was an agnostic, lapsed Catholic.
The only other event of any significance occurred in early August as
the summer semester drew to a close. Scott, having just booked his
first hours of solo flight, asked Phoebe if she'd like to go out for
a bite after, to celebrate. If he talked more often to EJ by email,
or to Frank by phone, neither was present and that evening, he wanted
company with skin on. So they met in Asian Square and had Japanese
at Yokohama Station -- Phoebe ordered -- while Scott regaled her with
an account of his first solo, a story well-honed now by its fifth
retelling (EJ, Warren, the professor, and Ororo had all heard it
already). After dinner, they got a little drunk on cheap beer that
they were too young to buy, but Phoebe had a friend who was willing
to pick up two six packs if they footed the bill, and they got to
take one back to Scott's studio apartment. They began the night
sitting on his sofa, talking about anything from the California water
crisis to reincarnation.
They ended the night in Scott's bed.
It wasn't an easy morning. He hadn't slept with a girl in over two
years, and was rusty on morning-after etiquette. In fact, he'd never
slept with a girl at all, as in "go to sleep in the same bed after
sex." Not being the morning type, he woke after she did, to the
sounds of her rummaging about in his bathroom, looking for God knew
what. Blinking in the brightness of a California noon, he lay flat
on his back for a few minutes, staring at blurred, geometric shadows
on the white ceiling and listening to the sound of construction work
somewhere in the distance, pondering how best to proceed.
He wasn't in love with her and she wasn't in love with him, but she'd
felt more than friendship and inebriated lust. Mutant or not, he
occupied a special place in Phoebe's world. She didn't occupy the
same one in his, and hurting her had never been his intention. So he
hauled himself out of bed to make his way into the bathroom, where he
found her bent over the sink, finger in her mouth, scrubbing her
teeth with a makeshift digit toothbrush. "You can use mine," he
said. "I don't think you'll give me any germs that I haven't already
Eyeing him sidewise and grinning, she spit foamy toothpaste into the
sink, then said, �Thanks. But that'll do." Her unwashed hair was
lanky, but she was prettier than he might have expected, the morning
after. He still wasn't in love with her, and almost wished that he
could be. How to explain without either lying or seeming like a
heartless bastard? He'd suddenly become the kind of boy that mothers
warned their daughters about.
Christ. Was there an automatic reset button for the last twenty-four
Splashing water on her face, she wiped it off with his striped towel,
then came over to slip an arm around his neck and leaned in to kiss
him --
-- and he pulled his head back. It was automatic, not planned. She
stared while his mind chased its own tail, trying to figure out what
to say. Nothing came. He opened his mouth and nothing came out
while he watched pain and humiliation crumple her face. Letting him
go, she pushed past him out into the little bedroom area, snatching
up her discarded jeans and yanking them on while she collected her
socks and bra. She'd put her tank top back on the night before, to
sleep in. Now, turning her back on him, she pulled the top up over
her head and snapped on the bra.
And he just stood there. His mind was blank and white, and he was
making a terrible botch of this. He could hear her breath hitch in a
way that told him she was swallowing sobs, and he'd never felt so
wretched. "Just your average jerk with a penis." The words floated
back to him, words Jean had said about boys at Vandy. Drunk boys at
And that was *him*, he thought. He'd been the drunk boy, and he ran
a hand over his face. He hadn't taken off his sleeping goggles yet
and had to look ridiculous, but it felt fitting that he look
ridiculous. "Phoeb. Stop it. Please."
She was putting on her socks and shoes now, and she didn't stop at
all. Light slid in through the blind slats and made lines across her
form. She said nothing.
"Phoebe. It's not what you think."
Finished, she jerked to her feet and screamed at him, "What the hell
am I supposed to think then?"
He couldn't answer because it wasn't pretty. "I care about you," he
said finally, helplessly.
She continued to glare for perhaps five breaths, then snagged her
purse where it had been abandoned on his little eat-in table and
stalked to the door. "Blow it out your ass, Summers, along with the
rest of your shit." And she slammed the door behind her.
He slid down the edge of the doorjamb until he was sitting on cold
"Not yet, not yet," Jean whispered, pulling Ted's hand up from the
zipper on her slacks. The other hand was busy with her left breast
and his mouth busy at the right through the fabric of her bra, and
oh, if she could rub her thighs together just right, there would be
enough pressure for her to reach her climax, but she wasn't ready yet
for his hand to help with that.
"Okay," he whispered now around cloth and nipple, and had the good
manners not to demand 'when?' Jean couldn't have given him an answer
if he had.
It wasn't their first time at this. Usually once a day, in his
apartment, or her room at the mansion, or even the lab closet when
Hank and Banner were gone, they were at each other with hands and
mouths and everything was heated, plunging headlong and half-blind
towards a consummation that Jean became increasingly aware she wasn't
sure she wanted.
She didn't love him. She liked him -- liked him a lot, in fact, and
he had a clever tongue, gentle fingers and a good heart. But love
him? Jean wasn't sure she knew what love was, and sometimes she
asked herself if she had to love him to have sex with him -- it had
never been her requirement before -- but if not, then why did she
Guilt, maybe. She wasn't in love with him. But she wondered
sometimes if he were in love with her? That, she didn't know, and
was afraid to ask because if one asked, shouldn't one want the
answer? And she didn't.
So they didn't talk. They made out in bedrooms and backrooms and lab
closets and they didn't talk about it except in sentences of less
than six words.
Scott Summers had always thought of himself as a good and responsible
person. He didn't steal, he didn't say bad things about people
behind their backs (usually), and he held the door open for others if
he got there first. He'd done things that embarrassed him, or of
which he wasn't proud, and he'd done things that had turned out badly
despite good intentions. Yet even when he'd blown out the wall at
his high school and given bruises and broken bones in the process, it
had been an accident. After, he'd gone to great lengths to ensure
that no more accidents happened. He wasn't cruel and he wasn't
Yet now he'd done something that was both, and he had no idea how to
fit that act into his previous views of himself. Could a good person
do a bad thing and still be a good person? Some actions rotted the
soul, like moral gangrene. He was sick with it, and spent most of
that Sunday either sitting on his couch and brooding or taking out
his frustrations practicing the Big Four *kata* of Shotokan. He'd
been sunk in self-pity before, but this ran much deeper. This was
*shame*, dark and awful and sharp.
He turned over in his head a few times who he might call to talk it
out -- see if there was some way to fix it. Summers was inclined to
regard life in the active rather than the passive tense. Yet talking
about it would mean admitting his guilt, and how could he face EJ
with this? Phoebe was EJ's friend, too. And Jean? How could he
phone Jean and tell her what he'd done after she'd called him a
gentleman? He hadn't been a gentleman last night. He couldn't tell
the professor either, couldn't face disappointing the man. There was
Warren, and Frank, but he wasn't sure either would be terribly
helpful, and Ro would show no pity. He tried calling Phoebe herself
once, but she hung up on him as soon as she heard his voice.
Sometime towards evening, his phone rang. He let the answering
machine pick up. "Summers, it's Lee. I've got the day off next
Saturday and wondered if you'd like to go out on the water. Buzz me
back, and do it before Tuesday. If you're not free, I'll find
somebody else." That wasn't a threat, just Lee's customary
He sat up on the couch. Once before, Lee had given him good advice
with regard to Phoebe; maybe she could help him again. Jumping for
the phone, he tried to catch her before she hung up but snagged the
receiver only in time to hear the phone click. And that was probably
just as well. This wasn't a conversation to tackle across a barrier
of plastic and fiber optics. Putting on his sandals, he fetched his
Getting to Lee's took a good ride, and he sweated heavily in the
August swelter though it was almost dusk. On some level, he found
that purifying, the salt-scent of his own body and the salt-scent of
the bay. The sun was already below the horizon and the sky was a
hot-wax blend of oranges and blues and a vivid violet (colors he knew
rather than colors he saw), streaked here and there by the dark
shadows of cirrus clouds. There was no breeze and the heat lay thick
on the black concrete of Forrester's Boat Rental parking lot,
radiating up through the soles of his sandals. The place was closed
for the night, only the lights in the living quarters behind
indicating that anyone was there. Scott hoped that Lee hadn't gone
out for the evening as he leaned his bike against one of the wooden
columns on the porch. Sea air had aged the wood, cracking it in
places. He rang the bell, then waited. It was a long wait before a
man in late middle age opened the door. A white under-tank revealed
thick, tanned arms corded with muscle from long years of physical
labor and marked by almost stereotypical tattoos. He grunted when he
saw Scott. "Can't you read the No Solicitation sign, kid?" He
pointed to a white sign in the window beside the door.
"I'm not selling anything. I'm Scott Summers, a friend of your
daughter's -- "
"Yeah, I recognize the name. Come on in." Turning, he yelled back
into the depths of the house. "Lee! It's one of your band guys."
Exiting the kitchen, a diet coke in one hand and a plastic tub of
cottage cheese in the other -- spoon in her mouth -- Lee raised both
her eyebrows at him, amused. Taking out the spoon, she said, "A
phone call back would've been just fine, y'know."
Ignoring her attempt at humor, and uncomfortable standing just inside
the doorway with her father watching, he shuffled his feet and said,
"You want to go for a walk on the dock? Just to talk, I mean."
Still amused, she said, "Actually, I'd rather sit on the dock so I
can eat my dinner. Come on." And she led him around to the dockside
of the building. The hot-wax sky was dimming to royal purple and
security lights glittered on bay water. Waves made slapping and
sucking sounds at the wooden struts and the hulls of boats.
Somewhere nearby a fish leapt. The scent of brine and the bite of
gasoline from engines was strong. She took him some distance from
the house where they seated themselves on sun-warmed wood. The
rising and falling whine of passing cars marked the access road,
invisible behind a sandy ridge. "So what's up?" she asked.
"I screwed up," he replied. "I screwed up pretty damn bad." Angry
at himself again, he plucked a stray pebble from the dock and flung
it hard at the water. "Just another jerk with a penis."
She shook salt from a little pewter shaker into the tub of cottage
cheese and ate in silence, let the weight of that draw him out.
After a while, he began to talk, haltingly and in a disjointed
fashion, telling her what had transpired the night before, and that
morning. When he was done, she said, "And you want me to fix it?"
"I don't want *you* to fix it. But yeah, it needs fixed. Or
something. You gave me pretty good advice once before."
Finished now with her cottage cheese, she set the tub between her
knees and tapped the spoon against the white plastic side. "You need
to talk to her."
"I tried that!"
"No, you didn't. You called her and let her hang up on you. Why
don't you go over to the dorm and sit outside her door? She'll have
to come out eventually, if just to go to the bathroom." She studied
his face in the near dark. "Are you sorry?"
"I mean are you truly sorry?"
"*Yes.* I wasn't trying to hurt her."
"You asked her out."
"No, I didn't. I just asked if she wanted to go eat dinner with me.
I didn't ask her *out*."
"Did *she* know the difference?"
"We've done it before -- just go eat together, I mean. Without the
beer. But I don't . . . I never wanted to be the kind of guy who
uses people. A girl, I mean. Well, not anyone, but . . . . Jesus
Fucking Christ!" He pressed his face against his drawn up knees. "I
can't even make any goddamn sense talking!"
He felt the back of her hand slide against the side of his face. It
was soft and cool like forgiveness. "Scott, you need to talk to her,
not to me. You're not a bad guy, y'know. You just made a mistake.
It happens. You care enough to want to fix it -- that says a lot
about you."
He raised his face. "I don't want to be a jerk with a penis."
That got a grin out of her. "You said that already. More or less.
Did she call you that?"
"No. But Jean -- you know, my friend Jean, back in New York -- "
"Scott, everyone who knows you knows who Jean is."
He blushed. "Anyway, she was talking about guys at Vandy that way.
They did the same thing to her and I just . . . I'd like to hurt
them, because they hurt her. I don't want to *be* like that. Maybe
I should, you know, go out with Phoebe for a while, so she doesn't
think I just used her."
"Shit, no! Look -- you can't make it not hurt that you don't feel
about her like she feels about you, not anymore than Jean can make it
not hurt for you." He winced internally; that wasn't a comparison
he'd previously considered. "But dating her for a while and then
breaking up is really condescending."
She pushed herself to her feet, empty plastic tub in one hand and
offering him leverage up with the other. "You're still a jerk with a
penis, Summers, but you're basically a decent jerk. Try starting
with an honest apology and go from there."
He took her advice, but cornering Phoebe required two days and
careful strategy since he didn't want to embarrass them both by
conducting this particular conversation in a dorm hallway. He
finally caught her outside the library computer lab and followed her
from the building. Either her anger had filtered away or she was
tired of avoiding him, but she left the sidewalk and headed out
across the grass into the shade of an old Valley Oak, where she
waited for him to catch her up. "Would you quit stalking me!" she
snapped, when he did.
"I'm not stalking you. I'm trying to apologize, dammit."
"I don't want your goddamn excuses -- "
"I'm not offering any! I said I was trying to apologize. It's not
the same thing. Now would you please shut up and listen to me?"
She did. They were both breathing heavily. When it was clear that
she was giving him a chance, he said, "I'm sorry, Phoeb. What
happened shouldn't have happened. I wasn't trying to take advantage
of you. I just got drunk. That's not an excuse. It's a reason;
that's all. What happened was a mistake."
Leaf-filtered sunlight glinted off moisture in her dark eyes and she
looked down. "Gee, thanks. I was your big mistake."
"Fuck," he muttered and rubbed the bridge of his nose, pushed up his
glasses absently. "Not like that. What happened was a mistake
because what you wanted and what I wanted . . . ." He trailed off.
He was just digging himself deeper and he had no clue how to get out
of the pit, until he thought about what Lee had said on Sunday night,
comparing his situation with Phoebe to Jean's with him. If the shoe
were on the other foot, he wondered, what he would want to hear?
"Listen," he said softly. "I like you. I don't love you, but I like
you a lot. That's not feeding you a line. I'm not in the habit of
going to bed with people I don't give a rat's ass about. I've just
been lonely. I needed somebody to touch. It wasn't only about the
sex. But I should have . . . I should have been clearer, at the
outset. I wasn't. I let things happen because it seemed like a good
idea at the time. You are *not* someone I want to hurt, Phoeb." He
said it as softly as he could. "It hurt me, too. It hurts me, to
see you hurting."
"You like me," she whispered, "but you don't like me *that* way."
The smallness of her voice made his heart ache. "No," he whispered
back. "I'm sorry."
And how, he puzzled, should he answer that? "I don't know. It's
just . . ." He shrugged helplessly. "It's not something you can
make happen."
"Is it something about me -- ?"
"No." He cut her off before she could finish. "No. I told you, I
like you. I like talking to you, I like spending time with you.
You're fun. But the . . . that click . . . it just didn't happen for
"Then why . . . I mean, if the . . . if you're not attracted to me
*that* way, then why did you go to bed with me?"
"Christ, Phoeb, you're not exactly ugly! And I told you -- it seemed
like a good idea at the time. Don't you ever, just . . . you know,
need to touch someone? Get a hug from a friend?"
"Sex is pretty far from a hug, Scott!"
"Yeah. But it wasn't just about the sex." He stopped, so he could
figure out what he was trying to say. And why *had* he gone to bed
with her? Drunk and horny hadn't been all of it. "Guys . . . we can
separate sex and love pretty easily. But this wasn't that. I told
you, I'm not in the habit of sleeping with just anyone who's willing.
Some guys can, but I'm not made that way. I have to trust the
"Because of the glasses?"
"No. It's just . . . the kind of guy I am. It's true I haven't been
to bed with anybody since -- " He tapped the glasses in question.
"But not like you mean. I needed a lot of things on Saturday. I
needed to touch somebody, I needed to know that someone wasn't scared
to death of me, and I needed to know that I was still attractive.
Maybe it sounds dumb, but guys worry about that kind of thing, too."
She was actually listening to him now, and he recalled the
professor's advice when he had first told EJ about his power -- that
if he wanted forgiveness, he had to bare his own fears.
"Where things went wrong," he continued, "is that I didn't make it
clear. I just let it happen because I needed it. You needed
something else, and thought it was something else, and I didn't tell
you otherwise -- "
"You knew how I felt."
"Yeah, I did. Sort of." And that *hurt*. Saying that *hurt*. It
punched him hard in the belly because it was true, that he'd wounded
someone else because he'd let it be all about him. "I had a pretty
good idea, anyway. But I was too drunk to think about it. And that
was . . . " He looked away, then finished, very softly. "That was
wrong, and I feel awful because I do like you, and I didn't . . . I
never wanted to be that kind of person. I never wanted to hurt
someone that way."
He felt the sharp sting on his cheek before he quite registered that
she'd slapped him, and not with a little tap. She'd slapped him hard
enough to knock his glasses askew. Putting a hand up to the burn,
and straightening his glasses, he stared at her. She was genuinely
crying now, and trying to talk in spite of it. "You are a piece of
work, Scott Summers. I don't know whether to believe you or not --
that you're sorry. You knew. You *knew*. It's not okay, y'know?
An apology doesn't make it suddenly okay." She swallowed. "I guess
I should thank you for bothering to make one, but I don't feel
thankful right now. I just . . . . Go away. Quit following me. I
don't want to see you. Not for a while. Maybe in a few weeks, when
the semester starts. Maybe then I can see you and not want to gut
you. But not right now." And she left him standing there, a hand
still on his face.
Feeling shaky, he went into the library to the men's room and stared
in the mirror at the red mark on his cheek, and he understood several
things all at once: Good people could do bad things, and words
weren't always a magic fix. Illusions about the self were fragile
and shattered easily. He wasn't the person that he'd thought he was,
and trust, once broken, was slow to mend. But most of all, he
realized that feelings were like fish, slippery and bright and
stupid. They didn't respond to reason.
Phoebe was mad at him. Furious. And rightfully so. And *he* was
mad at Jean. Still. He just hadn't let himself admit it since he'd
left Westchester. But he *was* angry, deeply, deeply angry, and
bruised in all his tender places. And those bruises had finally
shown up in all their dark glory.
Jean didn't love him. Not like he wanted her to. And he couldn't
make her, not anymore than Phoebe could make him feel something he
didn't feel. But understanding that didn't make him hurt any less,
either. It didn't make him feel less small and unimportant. It
didn't make him wonder why Jean couldn't love him back. "What's
wrong with me, that she doesn't love me?" he asked the mirror, then
felt immediately stupid for the question. It sounded so pathetic.
Bending over the sink basin in the empty bathroom, he took off his
glasses, squeezed his eyes shut and let himself cry.
"Hey, boy-o."
"I haven't heard from you in a while, not even email. I got a little
worried. You okay out there?"
There was a short silence on the other end of the phone line and Jean
waited uneasily. Then he said, "I don't really feel like talking to
you right now, Jean."
Belly-drop alarm. "Why? What's wrong?"
Another silence, then, in a tight voice, he said, "You just . . .
Jean, I'm not a gentleman. Not really. I'm just a guy, okay? I
can't always be reasonable and grown-up. I know you can't control
how you feel -- or how you *don't* feel -- about me. But I can't
stop what I feel, either, and I'm kind of angry right now. I need
some space, so I can learn how not to be so angry. It's not . . . I
don't blame you. I don't blame you. But I'm still angry. So don't
call me again. And don't send me email for a while." And he hung
Sighing, at once irritated and guilty, Jean leaned back against the
headboard of her bed and stared at the ceiling. �Feelings,' she
remembered the professor telling her once, �are neither right nor
wrong. They just are. And sometimes, we must forgive ourselves for
Or forgive others, she added.
Scott was right, she thought. He wasn't a gentleman, or a character
in a medieval romance, and she'd been unfair to cast him in that
role. He was just human, and human feelings were sometimes messy.
Feedback is always appreciated. I love to know if people are still
reading. :-)
Do You Yahoo!?
Sign up for SBC Yahoo! Dial - First Month Free |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/38987 |
Bug#68016: tftp and floppy install broken on sun4m
On Tue, Aug 01, 2000 at 01:16:39PM -0600, Erik Andersen wrote:
> On Tue Aug 01, 2000 at 07:40:38PM +0200, Christian Meder wrote:
> > >
> > > The umount the rescue image, and try again. Changing things
> > > the way will avoid all the pain of recompiling everything.
> >
> > I guess we won't be able to avoid recompiling stuff, see below:
> >
> > + mount proc /proc -t proc
> > Segmentation fault
> >
> > The busybox mount is segfaulting for some reason. This doesn't happen with
> > the normal mount and the same kernel.
> Could you install the sparc version of strace and libnsl and
> then run it as "strace mount proc /proc -t proc" and find where
> it chokes. That would help greatly,
Sorry for the late answer but I was digging a little bit into the problem:
Ok so here's my debugging story for the problem:
I started by trying your suggestion to strace the mount of proc. Copied
strace into the root image, copied libnsl, compressed it again, wrote it
to floppy. rebooted and oh joy: strace segfaulted too ;-)
Next try: switch to the second console of the installation and start
strace manually. Complains that it's missing a symbol which is probably
stripped out by the library reduction, urgh :-(
Started playing around with the console and got closer to the core of the
problem. Only two out of four command invocations from the ash shell
are executed the rest does just segfault.
Now that we know the culprit I returned to my good old desktop sparc 10
which is running potato and started playing with ash. Took the default
potato sparc package and verified that the behaviour is the same as the
one I see on the boot-floppies. Tested the potato package on a sparc64
potato machine: it works fine there. Interesting ...
Compiled my own ash-0.3.5 Debian package on the sparc 10, same random
segfaulting behaviour (note that the forked shells segfault _not_ the rootshell
itself). Compiled the slink ash-0.3.4 package: this one works fine ;-)
Compiled the ash-0.3.5 package with jobs.c reverted to ash-0.3.4, works too.
Tried to find the guilty change by invidually reverting the changes
to jobs.c to the 0.3.4 version but no luck. There's something fishy going on
here ...
Let's check the compilers. Compile 0.3.5 on a slink sparc machine and copy
it to a potato box: oh wonder, it works. Urgh, so probably a compiler problem
slink used gcc on sparc. Another last test to see if it's compiler
related: compiled 0.3.5 on potato but disabled optimization for the jobs.c
file. This version works too.
floppies with a fixed ash.
Christian Meder, email: [email protected]
What's the railroad to me ?
I never go to see
Where it ends.
It fills a few hollows,
And makes banks for the swallows,
It sets the sand a-blowing,
And the blackberries a-growing.
(Henry David Thoreau)
Reply to: |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39002 | Shell commands from within a script
Neil Fryer neil at
Wed Nov 14 15:23:06 CET 2001
Thank you
Neil Fryer
neil at
On Wednesday 14 November 2001 10:02 pm, Stefan Antoni wrote:
> On Wed, Nov 14, 2001 at 03:42:12PM +0200, Neil Fryer wrote:
> > I'm really new to python so if you could please let me know how to
> > execute a command like say, ftp, from within a script it really would be
> > appreciated. As I'm only about half way through my first Python tutorial.
> import os
> os.system('ftp')
> ... this executes ftp from within your script.
> have a closer look into the os module, there are many other interesting
> ways to use commands, pipes, fork()'s and so on.
More information about the Python-list mailing list |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39015 | JoAnna Lou
Print|Email|Text Size: ||
Dog Involved in Bin Laden Mission
A trained canine assisted the Navy Seals last Sunday
Dogs play a critical role in U.S. Navy Seal missions.
What an incredible bunch of working pups!
Photo by The Sun.
CommentsPost a Comment
Submitted by anonymous | May 4 2011 |
doG bless America!
Submitted by Elizabeth Janson | May 5 2011 |
I figured! Thank you for posting this, it made my day! God Bless, and Dog Bless the USA and all our military!
Submitted by Anonymous | May 5 2011 |
Thank you for your story! And an especially BIG THANK YOU & GOD BLESS EACH & EVERYONE OF YOU! OUR SPECIAL FORCE SQUADS, MARINES, NAVY, AIR FORCE, ARMY, NATIONAL GUARD...EVERY ACTIVE DUTY, RESERVE & RETIRED. I LOVE YOU ALL!!! Thank you for helping to keep our country, our home, our land free!
Submitted by Anonymous | May 7 2011 |
I'm glad to know the dogs are now wearing body armor. We've lost too many brave canines in the line of duty.
Submitted by Anonymous | May 7 2011 |
so proud of these four legged mans best friends. Very intelligent and useful. I'm glad they're fully equipped with bullet proofs vest and all the things they possibly need during combat. Yes, titanum fangs! You go pups!!
Submitted by Anonymous | May 8 2011 |
If the topic is of interest, see the amazing photo essay here by Rebecca Frankel. She writes a regular War Dog feature for Foreign Policy magazine, there are links to her other article, including War Dog of the Week. Might be a person of interest for The Bark to profile?
Submitted by Anonymous | May 8 2011 |
Just one more example of selfish humans who believe all animals, beside ourselves, were put on the planet for us to use and abuse.
Submitted by Tim | May 9 2011 |
Those animals you Anonymously refer to are not used and abused they train as hard and recieve great care and thier trainers treat them as family. So partner your barkin up the wrong tree with that statement
Submitted by Anonymous | May 12 2011 |
u tell that Anonymous tim!!!!! those dogs were not abused in the least bit. people are friggin ignorant!
Submitted by Sandra | August 24 2013 |
You're right. If they could talk doubt they'd be saying to want to be exposed to such terror. It's mans war. It's taking another species hostage and using them. People need to stop being sensitive as it isn't about praising heroes but about the humane treatment of animals. Thanks for posting.
Submitted by Joan | February 19 2012 |
These dogs are amazing German Shepherds who are proud to serve our country. They are bred and trained to work and love serving their masters. Absoultely no abuse here...do some research on this breed b4 you make dumb comments peeps!
More From The Bark
More in JoAnna Lou:
Game of Thrones, Twilight Creates a Homeless Husky Problem
Happy Ending for 'School Dog'
Susie's Senior Dogs Promotes Older Pups
Family Lives Out of Car to Keep Dogs
Chihuahuas Overrun Ariz. Neighborhood
Keeping Busy in the Winter
Team USA Adopts Sochi Strays
Neutering Vaccine
Canine Hostage in Afghanistan
Westminster Hosts First Agility Competition in NYC |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39019 | Skip to main content
Java One Day 1
Java FX Script
• Sensors let you figure out whether people leave a keynote early.
• RFID tags are a mixed blessing. In passports, maybe not...Chief scientist John Gage: “Hi, I'm an American. Can you detonate the closest device?”
• Sun's VP for software Rich Green promises huge announcements, great surprises. He also says that Sun is the world's largest open-source software provider on earth.
• A fellow from Amazon (the shopkeeper, not the river) demonstrates the Kindle which, as it turns out, is a Java ME device. I never knew that. Actually, I think that is good news. Amazon quietly picked what they perceived to be the best technology for the job. That's a much more credible validation than the usual co-marketing arrangements (like those tacky “Intel inside” or “Designed for Windows” stickers.).
• Here is what was best about the Amazon demo. The fellow demonstrated how to buy a Java book. And which book did he pick from the multitude of choices? Yes, my friends: Core Java, authored by yours truly. He mumbled that it seemed to have good reviews.
• One thing that always bugs me about keynotes is when partner from company X appears on the stage to share ... absolutely nothing. Can anyone tell me what value the fellow from Sony Ericsson added?
• The highlight of the keynote was Java FX Script. The pitch was that there is intense competition for consumers' eyeballs, and that rapid prototyping and frequent iterations are essential to develop the killer UI that captures those eyeballs.
• There was a cool demo where an applet was dragged off the browser and dropped onto the desktop. I really liked that part. The applet—written in Java FX Script—also ran (somewhat degraded) in a low-rent ME phone. There was another cool demo with spinning video players, all running at a good speed.
• Delivery timeline: July 2008: JFX SDK EA. Fall 2008: JFX Desktop 1.0. Spring 2009: JFX Mobile 1.0
• The Glassfish 3.0 kernel is 98K.
• Open JDK ships in Ubuntu. (To my delight, there was a fair amount of applause from the audience.)
• Sun is working on Project Hydrazine. Find. Merge. Deploy. Share. Monetize. Huh. It has something to do with instrumenting Java FX apps and sending data back to the trustworthy service deployer, not the evil technology vendor.
• Jonathan Schwartz is much better at explaining stuff. His take on Java FX:
1. More devices: Linux, Mac, Windows, embedded devices
2. Performance (better VM)
3. Insight (instrumentation)
4. Free
• The keynote ended with Neil Young, a bard who pitched a multimedia project that chronicles his life work on a set of Blu-Ray disks. The UI was very pretty...Java-powered, of course.
A few months ago, I had asked Bob Brewin at Sun about the situation about audio and video codecs in Java and FX. He hemmed and hawed and mumbled something about how Ogg Vorbis wasn't really going to work out. The good news is that Sun now licensed the same codecs that are used in Flash, and there will be decent multimedia support going forward. It is just extremely annoying that codecs are so patent-encumbered, and it is yet more evidence that patents hinder, and not promote, the progress of science and the useful arts.
At the press cocktail hour, James Gosling was kind enough to give me some inside dope on JFX development. One of my graduate students, Sadiya Hameed, is working on reimplementing Java FX Script as a DSL. Whenever she showed me some code that she found in the wild, I thought “Whoa! That's a lot ofmath.” (Which, BTW, one of the keynote speakers said today as well.) As it turns out, a lot of the math is apparently auto-generated when a set ofAdobe Illustrator files is transcoded into Java FX Script. The work flow is that the creative folks work in the tools that they like (and not so much in Java FX Script), and that the programmers work in the tools that they like (maybe Java FX Script for the front end, and definitely Java on the backend). Gosling also said that some of the tools were still pretty rough, which is why the keynote didn't show them off. That all made perfect sense. They should let him give the keynote next year.
EJB 3.1
I am a definite fan of JPA and EJB3, so I was keen on learning what is new in EJB 3.1. Fortunately, much of it centered on my pet topic, ease of development.
• No more boilerplate local interfaces. Session beans can be POJOs. Hooray.
• Packaging complexity bites the dust. No more EJB JAR inside the EAR. Hooray.
• Work in progress:
• Standardized JNDI lookup
• Component testing in lightweight container
• Using EJBs in single SE client (lookup, injection)
It surprises me how many people still don't realize that EJB3 was a game-changer. Last year, it was still ok to complain about EJB bloat. This year, not so much.
Defective Java
Bill Pugh gave an amusing talk about “WTF code”. He is the inventor of the nifty Findbugstool and regularly trolls for dysfunctional code (in unsavory places such as this one) to add more bug-finding rules. Here are some of the beauties that he presented:
• while ((c = (char) != -1) { ... }
A char is a value between 0 and 65535, never -1...
• private final String lock = "LOCK";synchronized (lock) { ... }
Literal strings are interned, so hopefully two programmers don't have that bright idea...
• synchronized(getClass()) { myStaticCounter++; }
Let's hope nobody calls this from a subclass...
• DateFormat is not threadsafe...
• java.sql.Timestamp is not symmetric...
The audience's collective eyes glazed over at this point. An informal poll revealed that a large fraction was blissfully unaware of the instanceof vs. getClass() controversy in the equals method. This seems to be a lost cause. Maybe anyone who overrides equals in a non-final class needs to supply an annotation @IKnowWhatIAmDoing.
Java Language Evolution
An interesting presentation about what to expect in Java 7 and beyond.
1. Respect the past. No new global keywords (like enum, assert). “Restricted” keywords are ok (module, and hopefully, property :-))
2. Respect the future. Leave room for syntax to breathe. Counter-example: Maybe we'd like to have named parameters for ordinary methods in the future. When annotations with named parameters were introduced (@Foo(name = "fred")), the choice of = was a mistake, because you can't do foo(name = "fred") for ordinary methods. Had the Java 5 designers respected the future, they would have chosen something like @Foo(name : "fred"). Or not...wouldn't that conflict with BGGA control invocation?
3. Respect the model. Java is a general purpose OO language.
1. High-level. (Express the idea, not the bits)
2. Covet clarity
3. Static typing
4. Loose coupling between language and API
Likely to be in Java SE 7:
• // Multi-catch
try { .... } catch(X1, X2 e) { ... }
• Modules
• Annotations in more places
Definitely won't be in Java ever:
• Operator overloading
style="float: right; size: 50%; margin-left: 1em;" />I want the multi-catch.
Modules and better annotations are noble but dull. Did I ever mention that I
want native properties? That I am sick of the href="">boilerplate?
I asked James Gosling. He said that there is a long stack of proposals on
what to do with properties. And they all run against a
brick wall when they try to deal with bound properties. (I of my students, Nikolay Botev,
compiled a long list of them, and another, Alexandre Alves, implemented a
javac extension to implement one.) I agree...bound
properties are a lost cause. Let's just admit that and move on, with simple
properties and a “restricted” property keyword!
Too bad I didn't have a chance to ask about that in the BOF. I had been a
reviewer for the tools and languages track, and Sharat Chander, the track
chair, took out all of the reviewers for a great dinner. Potentially little known
facts: (1) Competition for slots at Java One is intense. We had over 300
proposals for maybe 20 slots. (2) Most of the reviewers—at least in our
track—are not from Sun.
Definitely won't be in Java ever: Operator overloading
So, we'll forever be able to add Strings, yet always have to use the .add function to add BigDecimals, Vectors, Matrices, and other mathematical types. Smart. Lack of operator overloading just adds to the stigma that Java is only for IT applications.
Thanks for the detailed run-down for those of us not able to make it. The multi-catch seems like some nice syntax. I am probably asking for trouble but I was wondering what you think of my idea for reusable exception blocks.
dead on & thanks for saying it: partner from company X appears on the stage to share ... absolutely nothing
@quintesse: Ah, yes, the ever present "but someone will abuse it" argument. If I rewrote the command to be socket.feonjafajfaf(message), I can only assume that you would find the function to be clear, concise, and meaningful since I didn't use a mathematical operator.
The people that most want operator overloading are those that do math and would use it appropriately (scientists, engineers, mathematicians). Unfortunately, the Java space seems to be dominated by IT and enterprise developers who don't have a need for OO and only see it only as something to be abused. The real solution to your problem (OO abuse) is to walk down the hall, knock on the door, and say "don't do that" to the guy who did it.
Modules dull? I beg to differ! I think multi-catch exceptions are dull! (Very usefull... but sull)
Modules and the related packaging and repository support will profoundly change the way we deploy applications though. I can hardly wait :)
@jeeky: Just the other day I saw an example of operator overloading in Scala:
socket ! message
which would send the message over the socket. My only reaction is "what were they thinking??". Socket.send(message) works perfectly well thank you, I don't mind typing a couple of letters more. Now if there was a way to assure that operator overloading could only be applied to numerical/mathematical types, ok, but I imagine that might be diificult to do. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39051 | Ruined. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Note: this was originally posted over the summer, but I took it down to edit it. I thought I deleted it, but I guess not (heh). Well, maybe it would have been better if it got deleted, but whatever. Just read, flame, and enjoy . ~Nixxi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It was a beautiful day in Pannam Town. The head of the Launcher family, Mag Launcher, woke up, feeling great. He had just defeated Eugene, the crown prince of the 8th Imperial Army. and was looking for some action. "Linear?" he called, looking around the room. No sign of her amongst the scattered papers, open books, and torn clothes. Not after last night, he thought. He had been tired, but not too tired for it. He got out of bed, looking about. "Damn the stupid little bitch." He murmured, walking to the closet an opening it. "there you are." He said, laughing as she cringed, her hands going to her eyes. He glanced down to her blood-stained body, cringing in the pile of shoes. "get out here right now!" he said, pulling on the chain that was still on her from the previous night. He threw her across the room, letting her slam into a desk. He kicked her down, holding her down with his knee. "What do you have to say for yourself, you whore?" she opened her mouth, a thick river of crimson blood splashing out. Linear moaned inaudibly, shaking her head. Mag kicked her back down, commanding her "take off your clothes.." He walked over to the other side of the room, picking up a jar. He looked fondly at it, gazing at Linear's severed tongue in it. "I'll always miss that." He said, throwing it across the room, letting it shatter on her. He crossed the room, shedding his Cyframe.
! Stupid, wasn't it? I guess that is just the product of watching the movie "Titus" (with Anthony Hopkins) way too many times. Please take the time to flame me.
"I want to make people hate me until they adore me". |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39052 | Snape couldn't believe it but he had apparated into hell. Saying the incantation, any incantation because he couldn't imagine any place being worse than where he was, he had ended up no better off. Mind dulled by pain and torture, and the liberal application of the crucious curse, all he could think to do was to get away from Voldemort and the Death Eaters, to go anywhere they weren't, yet here he was, somewhere unknown, still being beaten. This time by children.
Broken and dying, he didn't have the strength to fight back or the power to apparate away again. This was the end. He coughed. Wiping his mouth he saw blood, too much blood. More flowed. He realised he was cold, so very cold that it seemed to have seeped through his body into his bones, claiming control. Snape could feel his extremities going numb as the blood flowed from his body, and what remained struggled to maintain his life.
Dying slowly, Snape was at least glad of the release from the pain, even if that pain was only a small repayment for the pain he had caused during his tenure as a Death Eater. Boy's laughter surrounded him and he heard the crack of bones as they kicked him again. At least Voldemort had been a little more imaginative in his punishment. Snape stopped struggling and relaxed, knowing it would be over soon. He wondered if anyone would notice he had gone, and if they did, whether they would care.
He doubted it.
There was a scream. Snape wasn't sure but he didn't think it had come from his lips. He had learned, early on, how to bare the pain in silence. The kicking stopped. "Get the fuck away from him. He's mine." The voice ordered.
God, no, Snape thought, Voldemort had followed him. He trembled, terrified, waiting.
Snape felt the boys move away, backing off slowly. "You can have him, he's broken anyway," one of them replied, laughing, but with a slight hint of fear tinging his voice. Struggling to open his eyes, Snape watched as they turned and ran.
Relief. Relief flooded over the dying wizard at the cessation of further beatings, but he stiffened as hands reached out and touched him tentatively. "It's OK, they won't come back, not while I am here." It was a girls voice, quiet but slightly tense. "Where does it hurt?" She wiped the blood from his mouth and the hair from his face.
Snape didn't respond, couldn't respond. Unable to speak he simply looked up, terrified.
"Everywhere?" She asked.
Snape nodded in answer.
"I'll try and help." She pulled a blanket over him. It smelt of dirt, rubbish and urine but it was warm. Snape faded away, hoping never to return.
Snape didn't so much regain consciousness as awareness of the pain throughout his body crept up until he could no longer ignore it. He moaned weakly, no longer able to tolerate it and no longer able to ignore it, weakened as he was by the physical and mental harassment and torture that he had endured.
Unable to move, panic rose in him as he frantically endeavoured to move any body part. Nothing responded as it should, his efforts produced only small, jerky movements no matter how hard he tried. That caused more panic. He coughed once and that started a fit of coughing he couldn't contain. It hurt to cough. He could taste the blood in his mouth. He shivered, the coldness bitting into him. He gasped for air between bouts of coughing and prayed that he would die soon.
Beside him a body stirred. Snape froze, not daring to move a muscle in case the beatings resumed. He flinched as a cold hand touched his face. Pulling back involuntarily expecting to be struck, he was surprised when it didn't happen. Instead, soothing words flowed over him as the fingers of that hand wiped the blood away and stroked his face, easing him gently into unconsciousness.
The same scenario was played out over and over again for an indeterminate time. Snape would wake, pained, chilled and terrified, uncertain of anything except that he wanted to die, only to be soothed by the gentle touch of a stranger.
At one point he willed himself to open his eyes and look at his surroundings. He saw a young girl, a street urchin, unkempt and dressed in rags looking out of a dirty window with broken glass. She had blonde hair and was humming something wistful, a tune Snape vaguely recognised, but couldn't place. He closed his eyes, weariness flooding over him as his injuries took their toll, and slept.
Things gradually improved as his body healed, the worst, most dangerous injuries, the ones he shouldn't have survived, were still making their presence known, but at some point he regained enough awareness to realise they would no longer kill him. He wasn't entirely pleased with that scenario however - he still had no idea where he was and no real control of his body. He also realised he didn't have his wand.
Snape couldn't be certain that he had it when he escaped Voldemort but he though he had. Perhaps the boys that had beaten him had taken it. He knew he would have to find it if he was to have any chance of returning to Hogwarts. He tried to rise, at least to a sitting position, but his body protested. Wincing in pain, but containing the cry that rose to his lips, he fell back down, gasping as he hit the floor.
This time he didn't loose consciousness; this time he didn't get that relief. He was left conscious to watch as the blonde girl moved quickly to his side. She stroked his hair back. Snape could smell the dirt ingrained into her skin and under her fingernails. He noted that she was filthy and wore rags, she had now shoes, yet she touched him gently, her fingers straying only to parts they wouldn't hurt. He sighed, relieved to be in the care of such a gentle child, and wondered what had brought her to such a place.
Snape opened his mouth, wishing to speak, but still unable to. The girl watched him, watched as terror rose in his eyes. She stroked gently, not ceasing. "Shhh. It's OK, you will be alright. Don't try to talk or move, just rest. You have been badly beaten, but I won't let that happen again." She watched as the injured man considered her words then relaxed. "I am Jane."
She was Jane. He closed his eyes. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39053 | I can't say if this is the actual motivation for these sorts of stories…but god knows it's the only one that even makes partial sense.
Possibly the last chapter – when dealing with a repetitive subject, there just isn't much to say. That, and I really can't deny I'm dealing with a solid reader block of militant shippers by this point, and while I'm all for hopeless causes, even I know when to quit.
"So over there is Ash and Misty," explained the guide. "They've been together for three years! Aren't they just so perfect?"
Ash and Misty were off in a corner, sitting on a couch and discussing the trivialities of their rented apartment in loveing terms.
"Well, er, I guess that's not surprising. They seemed to like each other well enough back when I met them. It's nice to know they'll get together."
The guide paused. "Nice?" she said incredulously, almost stuttering. "Nice? But they're destined! It's not like he could have ever ended up with anyone else. Ever. It was obvious they had chemistry from the beginning. They're soulmates and he's proposed and they're going to have cute kids."
"But a childhood crush, or even being in love, doesn't mean that the relationship is necessarily going to succeed because – nevermind," he said, seeing the guide's blank look. "What else do you have to show me?"
The guide perked up. "Over there are Brock and Suzy," she continued, pointing to another couple over in a different area of the room. "And there's Jesse and James." Oddly, it looked like it was Jesse in the dress.
"Jesse and James?" he repeated quizzically. "But aren't they those team rocket members? Ones always chasing after Ash, no less?"
"They aren't now, okay? It's not important," said the guide, rolling her eyes.
"But why would they-"
"It's not important!"
"Okay, okay."
"And there's Oak and Deliah," said the guide, pointing to two adults who looked as young, if not younger, than their present day counterparts.
He mentioned this.
"They are not old!" snapped the guide. "That'd be gross. They're just adults. Ugh, why do you keep bothering me? It's not important." The guide pointed to still another couple, who appeared to be about the same age Ash, Misty, Brock and Suzy. "There's May and Brendan. See? She's totally not with Ash."
"Er, okay."
"And there's Max with, um, Duplica, and Wally with Gary, and Ivy with Elm, and then of course the gym leaders…" She started off toward another room.
"Um, if you don't mind, what exactly is the point of all this?" he asked. "Nothing seems to be happening."
"Who cares about that? The point is everyone's paired up properly."
"And what?"
"What's important about it? What's the significance?"
"I just told you," the guide said. "Everyone's paired up. Now come on, you haven't seen the gym leaders yet."
Will rubbed his temples, feeling a headache beginning. "Listen, I don't mind occasional visions of unimportant things, but this is a bit excessive. I have a match to get to."
"But you haven't even seen who I paired you with yet! It's-"
Will shuddered, opening his eyes. That had been a waste of time. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39054 | "No, no… We need to hit their northern border as soon as possible! … Well then, next time, don't ask for my opinion!"
Harry James Potter blinked numbly, looking about his surroundings. One moment, he'd been on the Hogwarts Express, heading back to London after… After Dumbledore's funeral.
And now, he seemed to be in a rather strange study. Bookshelves surrounded him, filled with hundreds of volumes, arranged, it seemed, in no particular order. Sun-Tzu's Art of War was crammed next to A Hogwarts History. Modern Military Strategies, Reading Ancient Sumerian, and The Illiad were shoved somewhat haphazardly in with countless other books, maps, journals, and other documents.
Hermione would have a fit, he thought in slight amusement, before turning and looking for the source of the voice he'd heard.
There was a single desk at the end of the room, though it was probably more fair to call it a large table. It was, like the bookshelves, covered in books, but there were also computers, pieces of odd technology, and things Harry had never seen before in his life. He frowned, and walked up to the desk. He looked around a large computer monitor, and blinked again.
"No, no, he's right… Aha! Yes, he's here!" A tall boy, in an American accent, who was also wearing glasses, smiled as he turned his large, expensive-looking office chair towards Harry. He was wearing a radio headset, which he quickly took off and shoved into a drawer. He then stood and extended his hand, smiling good-naturedly.
"Pleasure to meet you face to face, Mr. Potter." Harry, feeling very, very confused, took his hand and gingerly shook it. The boy nodded with the same smile.
"Okay, okay… I know, you're probably very confused right now. And I will do my best to alleviate that, but first! How rude of me! My name is Andrew…"
"Andrew…?" Harry prompted.
"Just Andrew. In any event, I'm sure you have many questions. So, please feel free to ask them. Go ahead…"
"… Okay… Why am I here?" The Boy Who Lived began. Andrew nodded.
"Well… First, your parents fell in love, and got married, and on their wedding night-" At Harry's death glare, Andrew coughed.
"Right, sorry… You'll have to forgive me, I'm a bit literal minded sometimes… Quite simply, I locked onto your specific magical signature, using a bit of technology and magic I've combined, and Apparated you here." Harry noted that Andrew seemed rather proud of this fact.
"Okay, that's the how I got here. But… Wait. You're not a wizard, are you?"
"Nope. Not in the slightest. Well, not in the way you mean, anyway." Andrew gestured to Harry to sit in a chair, that had mysteriously appeared behind the Boy Who Lived. Cautiously, Harry sat down. To his amazement, the computers, books, and other assorted things on top of Andrew's desk vanished in a burst of blue light, leaving the American smiling serenely behind the desk. For some reason, Harry was reminded of Dumbledore… Which he violently fought down.
I don't need that… Not now…
"Okay, Harry… Basically, I'll give you the info I know," Andrew stated. "The highest levels of the American and British governments have been aware of the magical world for quite some time. To the best of our knowledge, the magical world makes use of a fifth universal force, which you call 'magic'." Harry blinked.
"Huh? Fifth force?"
"Yes, Harry. Basically, modern physics defines five forces that govern the universe: Electromagnetism, strong nuclear force (that's fission), weak nuclear force (that's fusion), gravity, and magic. The normal, non-magical humans on Earth-What do you call us again?"
"Er… Muggles," Harry answered. Andrew nodded.
"Right, well… Until recently, we Muggles have only been able to utilize the first four forces in the Universe. The fifth, magic, allows the wizarding folk to easily control the other four for a variety of purposes, as you are already aware." Andrew shrugged. "Basically, I'm a scientist, who has managed to find a way to harness the fifth force through technology. And, as you can see, my research department and myself (under government contract, mind you) have made some progress in duplicating and improving the use of magic."
"That… Doesn't explain why I'm here," Harry pointed out, becoming a bit impatient. Andrew coughed.
"Quite right… Okay. Here's the deal: You are, in essence, the only person who can kill Lord Voldemort." Harry blinked. Andrew grinned.
"What? You expected me to say You-Know-Who?"
"Well… I suppose… But then, you're not a wizard."
"Doesn't mean I don't know about the political situation in the wizarding world," Andrew replied calmly. "Voldemort's a threat to everyone, Harry. And certain people in my government, including our President, have decided that it's time that we shove this separation nonsense and start helping out our magical brethren."
"But, the Ministry has anti-" Harry began. Andrew waved his hand.
"The Ministry does. The newly created Department of Magic, in the United States, has no such laws. The wizards here are proud to serve their country-Provided we keep their existence a secret to the rest of the world, which we agreed. Not to mention to only develop magical technology under their supervision. We've improved our tracking systems and satellite communications, but no enhancing nukes or other things like that." Andrew shrugged. "The reason I brought you here, Harry, is simple. You are our best chance to defeat him. And, we've willing to provide you with whatever you need to that end. Fighter jets that respond to your mental control, through a modified Legimency spell. Armor that can repel even an Unforgivable. Intelligence networks from all around the world, both magical and Muggle. And, of course, round-the-clock military support." Andrew smirked slightly.
"I imagine that even Voldemort would have some trouble with a 500 pound smart bomb blasting his HQ into rubble." Harry gaped, before leaning back in his chair thoughtfully.
"… This is… You're serious?"
"Yes. Very. Though we have a few conditions…" Harry hardened his features.
"If, it is at all possible? If there's anything left of Voldemort after you've taken him down, we'd like to study it. Scientific curiosity… Not to mention we'd like to make sure he can't come back ever again. Ever." Harry nodded.
"Allright… What else?"
"We'd like you to work with Hermione Granger. Our reports suggest that the two of you would be quite a formidable force against Voldemort. However, Ron Weasly would not be recommended."
"Why?" Harry asked, glaring a bit. "He's my best mate! He's fought alongside me countless times!"
"Yes, we know," Andrew confirmed. "However, our psych reports indicate that he still needs some growing up to do. And you and Hermione, working together, have certainly come up with a great deal of victories."
Harry chewed his bottom lip, before sighing. Andrew had a point. Ron was a bit of a hot head, and he certainly didn't want his best friend in any more danger than he already was.
But Hermione will also be in danger…
"Will you require anything else from me?" Harry asked bluntly. Andrew shook his head.
"All we require, Harry, is that you destroy Voldemort. And that you don't get yourself killed in the process."
Andrew, the author, sighed and rolled his eyes. "Well what, Miss Tonks?"
The Metamorphagus scowled at Andrew. "Well, are you happy?"
"What? Harry gets the support of the world's most powerful military. And lots of time with Hermione." Andrew smirked. "Ron, meanwhile, is growing closer to Luna Lovegood… While Ginny and Neville grow closer. I do think that things are going to turn out just fine."
"Why is it that you authors enjoy playing God?" Remus Lupin asked heatedly. Talon shook his head.
"I'm not playing God. Merely playing matchmaker. And making sure that everyone is as happy as they can possibly be. Now then… You two. How about a nice, long vacation in the Bahamas?"
"Bribing us?"
"Hardly. I'm just being nice. Enjoy!" And before either Tonks or Lupin could protest, the author had sent them both upon their way. He leaned back in his chair and sighed contentedly.
"Who says power can't make people happy?"
"Ronald… Why did you just kiss me?"
"I'm… I'm not sure… I guess I just, well… I care about you."
"Thank you, Ronald. I care about you too."
"And… It was like someone was giving me a nudge… Do you ever get the feeling that our lives are being controlled from somewhere else?"
Elsewhere, a certain author coughed faux-innocently.
Just had to get it out of my system. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39055 | Disclaimer: The characters belong to J.K. Rowling.
Warning:Slash. Alternate Universe. 'Out of Characterness'. HBP Spoilers.
Pairing: Severus/Harry
Rating: R
Summary: The Spy who became an Artist. The Child who needed a home. The Recluse who became a Teacher and the Boy who saved the world. Sometimes, age is just a number and love can save the world.
Dedication: To Silverphoenix69 who kept me sane while I wrote this, and to Orionnaire for rescuing me and my French so many times.
NB: Story contains FIVE parts. Harry's age changes in each 'part'. To avoid confusion, keep this in mind as you read!
Le Petit Chat
Part I
The rain was setting by the time Severus was ready to leave, but he paid no attention to this. He would walk soaked and sick if he had to. He needed time out of the small studio that he called home and something as petty as rain was not going to stop him. Besides, it would help to break the silence or at least the monotony of his days. He liked the silence. The constant state of feeling guilt and regret, he could have done without, but time healed all wounds. Though, he was still waiting on the healing process to do its duty.
Five years, four days and counting.
That was the tally of how long he had lived with his sins. Well, not his sins exactly. He knew it wasn't his fault. He knew that he had done his best but they had still died and he still felt responsible. How was he to pay back his debt to the dead? It was a question that he had asked himself over and over but there was no solution that was acceptable. Most of them involved a healthy dose of reality and the courage to assimilate back into proper society.
As far as everyone knew Severus Snape no longer existed.
It was a name that once belonged to a wizard who had joined the wrong side. The wizard had not died but he may as well have. He was nameless now. No past, present or future because there were no people in his life to assign him one. Alone, silent and invisible to the people of this new era he was only as real as the stories that they told each night to their offspring.
He knew it. He could hear the whispers. Never mind that it had been years.
The Slytherin. No, the Spy. Some of the whispers had another tune to them, if he only paid attention to hear. The Death Eater, with the Dark Mark on his arm, who had betrayed his classmates by daring to join the side of evil. The deaths that had happened. He had been good at being bad after all. The Traitor. Well, actually not that traitor but one nonetheless. He and his comrades had sold their lives to the monster with a name too dark to say. The white shrouded in black. The recluse now. And one that had surprised all those who knew. The artist. Hidden. Talented.
The Spy who had become an artist.
It had a surreal ring to it, even when he said it in his head. He silently said it over and over, followed by words of explanation or begs of forgiveness. The dead could not forgive however. If he were brave enough he would seek out the ones who could grant him this reprieve. But, he wasn't a Gryffindor and Slytherins knew only how to be cunning.
The rain was pouring by the time he turned onto the street. Somewhere between Muggle-ville and So-what, he had lost track of the time. Since he couldn't very well go waving his wand about to use a time-telling spell he was left walking and walking for hours. And still the rain came down. Silent thanks went to whoever it was that was smart enough to invent the water-repelling spell. There were just some things that potions were too good to be used for.
Potions. Potions Master. His list of professions was long indeed.
It was the flash of peach that caught his attention. A rosier shade of peach. Peach mixed with a hint of red and the subtlety that was the colour white, to make the perfect blend of skin tone. With a mop of black hair that was not quite the shade of ebony that his own hair was. The figure was curled half lying on the mesh-looking metal of the muggle park bench. At some point the rain had thoroughly soaked him but now the little figure bent the droplets of water even in his sleep.
Severus could honestly say that he had never seen a child with that level of magic before. Most wizards relied on potions for protection when they slept because charms and spells only worked when one was conscious. Except for this child, apparently.
Severus walked over to him, a little reluctantly but determined. Up close the mop of hair was slicked over the tiny forehead and a good bit of it mingled with long lashes. He stirred, flattening the fringes of his wet hair over his forehead with a small hand, in a gesture that seemed automatic as he rose from his seat. Severus warily held his ground as the eyelashes fluttered upwards and the most amazing shade of green eyes looked up at him. They were the colour of summer grass but lit in childish innocence as if sparks of light illuminated them from within.
"Hello," the child whispered softly. "Are you going to take me home?"
"Home?" Severus asked just as softly. "Where do you live?"
"I live at Four Privet Drive, Little Whinging, Surrey." The reply was rotary.
"And who taught you how to say that?"
A small blush and a smile this time. "My Aunt Petunia."
"Do you live with this aunt?"
"Yes sir."
"What is your name?"
"Just Harry?"
He fiddled with the hem of his small shirt. "My Uncle Vernon says not to tell anyone my last name."
"How old are you?"
"I am five years old." Proud again, because he remembered.
"I suppose your Aunt Petunia taught you to say that too."
"Yes sir."
"Well where is your aunt and uncle now?"
Green eyes darkened with doubt. "I don't know."
"How did you get here?"
"My aunt took me and my cousin Dudley to the park but she's gone. She told me to stay right here and I stayed."
"Do you always listen to such preposterous instructions young man? It's raining, why didn't you try to find your way home?"
"She'll come back!" Indignant then, although 'preposterous' had him obviously baffled.
"So they have left you alone like this before?"
"Yes I thought so."
He was being very brave, fighting tears. Severus didn't like the look as the boy tried to unravel the thread on his grey shirt. His little fingers plucked at it. With his lower lip clenched between his teeth as his head bowed, small wisps of wet hair managed to separate from the mass of black still clinging to his head. He made quite the little image of innocence standing there. Severus gave in to whatever it was that clawed at the pit of his stomach at the look of tears in such pretty little eyes. He had seen eyes like that before, although those had been burning with anger. They reminded him of the debt he still owed to the dead.
"I cannot take you home. I don't know where this Privet Drive is, but I can have you over to my studio. I'm sure you probably feel rather uncomfortable in those wet clothes and you look as if your aunt and uncle haven't fed you for a year. Perhaps you'll come with me for a proper meal or at least until the storm has passed?"
His tone was all business-like as he proposed his solution. He had no idea what sort of intelligence someone of five managed, but he thought it insane to dumb himself down to that level.
Harry simply nodded. "Alright, but you'll bring me back here when the rain stops falling, right? My Aunt Petunia will be very angry if I don't come back. You won't steal me will you?"
"Steal you?" Severus looked down at him thoughtfully. "The idea had briefly crossed my mind but I'm not one to suffer fools lightly and I should think I am above even that. No I'll return you here as quickly as possible, provided you don't give me reason to send you back sooner."
They walked back in silence as each was caught in their own web of thought. Severus' stride took four of the little person's at his side so the walk was a little slower than it could have been. They knew each other's name now and Severus even knew a little more about his companion than he cared to but neither of them was the chatty type.
Severus actually hated to break the silence. "We're here."
"Oh." Green eyes blinked. "It's pretty."
He blushed as he said that as if he was barely ever allowed to give his opinion. Severus looked at him as he ducked in shyness and he couldn't help thinking that perhaps that was the case. The bits of information that he had gathered made him slightly uncomfortable and not just in the realization that although he couldn't stand children, this little boy had managed to capture his attention for a prolonged period.
"Pretty or not, it is all that I own."
There were three regularly occupied rooms - a bedroom, a bathroom and an everything-else room - but 'studio' was the name that he had dubbed it. There were canvases lined along the walls and paint sitting on the floor. Brushes were left balancing on any available space. For furniture there was a small couch near the centre of the room and a table and chair, for dining, behind it. There were paintings everywhere too of course. Hanging on the walls, drying where they were propped up against something else, lying on the mattress that was shoved into a corner for sleeping, the paintings gave the room a surreal air. Looking down at Harry, Severus supposed that this was what procured the comment of beauty. At his height the paintings were probably the only things worth admiring.
They ate in silence too.
Severus didn't have an house elf and it had been quite some time since he remembered to cook, so he relied on a quick flick of his wand and a spell that his mother had taught him years ago when she fell ill. The broth was simple because of the simplicity of the magic that made it. He had always liked the taste though because really, he had no other choice. Severus hoped that Harry liked it. It had no vegetables to deter from the taste and besides, he couldn't imagine someone as skinny as his little guest turning down food offered for free.
"Would you like some more?"
Harry shook his head.
Severus contemplated a drying spell but thought it best not to startle the child. When he had made the soup Harry had been preoccupied gazing in awe at the painting of a dragon that Severus had been working on just that morning. Just that morning, before mail had arrived. Before Severus had found the need to clear his head. Now that Harry had refused more soup there was no reason for Severus to whip out his wand. And although his mind could not entirely comprehend the reality of a wizard, as powerful as this child, not understanding what magic was, Severus thought to spare himself the bother of actually explaining. Besides, he could always dry the child later. Perhaps give him a potion to prevent him catching a cold also.
"You look like a wet little cat," Severus said thoughtfully, effectively breaking the new silence that they had fallen into.
Harry smiled his baby smile and ducked his head shyly again. "I like cats."
"I bet you do," Severus commented dryly. "Unfortunately you don't have quite the survival capabilities that they are rumoured to have and although nine lives would be beneficial at this point, I'd rather not assume that dying of a cold is beneath you. We will have to remedy that likelihood."
He moved away from the table. Since he had been standing to eat it was easy to manoeuvre his way to the other side of the room to fetch the potion that he would need. He showed Harry the vial just so as not to scare the child. Children hated medication, he remembered. Harry however seemed not to care. In fact he seemed pleased.
"One would think you've never been taken care of before," Severus said, thinking out aloud as he gave Harry a dose. "It's quite disgusting tasting you know so swallow quickly. I suppose you can feel lucky that you were never given medicine like this before."
Harry shuddered when he swallowed the potion. Severus took pity on him.
"Go lay on the couch and try to sleep. It will work better if you're not awake and I bet you would no sooner wish to remember the taste than you would if you happened to get sick." He instructed.
Harry didn't even think twice to follow the command. Instead he curled into the couch and seemed to immediately fall asleep. Considering that Severus had found him sleeping, it was no surprise really. Severus let him rest there for a while before finally giving in and pulled out his wand. He stood over the little figure, ready to cast the spell when he spotted it. Now that the child wasn't taking random swipes to hide it in his nervous little habit, Severus could see what hid beneath the fringes of wet black hair.
It was a tiny little scar in the shape of a lightning bolt on the child's forehead.
Severus' first impulse was to back away from the chair as quickly as humanly possible. The second was to levitate the child out of his presence. The third was to exact revenge against this offspring of the previous bane of his life, but that was silly because he still had a wizard debt to pay.
In the end he simply cast the drying spell on little Harry Potter before staring in awe at the true implications.
This little boy had saved the world at the price of his parents' lives. He had killed the Dark Lord and was left with only a lightning bolt mark. This little boy, who looked like he barely weighed twenty pounds and was the epitome of innocents had been marked by death and come out relatively unscathed. Severus had James' son in his home, on his couch, sleeping. Would wonders never cease indeed?
He looked like a kitten all curled up on the chair.
The artist in Severus reared its head and he barely had time to grab a fresh canvas, his other set of paintbrushes and paint, before his mind was working out angles and shadows. He took a seat on the carpeted floor, facing the couch. He wondered about moving the couch just a slight bit to the left, but then decided that the light was not so bad and he would rather not risk waking the child again.
And then he painted.
He got lost in the strokes of his brush and the colours that mixed and mingled on the canvas in just the right way to catch the cherubic face or the small body. He paused only to add a blanket at some point. He charmed it red and with hints of gold. Gryffindor colours. He dimmed the light with his wand to enhance the shadows even more. He wanted to capture the sense of innocence that seemed to dance in the air above the sleeping child. It had been so long since Severus had found himself in the presence of one so pure. It almost hurt to try and capture it but he was determined to get it right.
When he was finish he sat looking at it for the longest time. It seemed perfect, but perhaps his perception would change the next day when the little hero was no longer lying so trustingly on his chair. Still, it was probably one of the best pieces that he had ever done and something told him that it was more the model than his skills that had brought about such an effect.
Somewhere near the painting of the dragon he had left the letters. They were what had driven him to walk in the rain and now that he remembered them he looked around the room for them again.
They had arrived by owl post that morning within minutes of each other and were each stamped with an official looking seal of course. Severus had stared at each for so long that the wax had probably begun to melt from the heat of his gaze. It wasn't that he hadn't received letters before but these two were from the highest orders. One from his mentor and the other from the government. Either of them could render him a destroyed man in one way or another.
He opened the first as quickly as he could without actually damaging the letter.
Dear Severus Snape,
We are pleased to inform you that after a thorough investigation the Wizengamot has found you innocent on the count of treason... Your family estate and all personal property are hereby reinstated in your name and on proper identification will be returned to your possession... We hope to have your understanding that it was necessary to carry out this investigation and regret the years that have passed as we made our decision... We hope to have found you in good health...
There were a few bits of mundane information in between but Severus could focus only on the fact that he had been granted his identity again. That they had the power to previously rid him of it for five years, burned angry and bitter in his throat as it had for all this time. He had no reason to be an artist anymore. His manor was now back into his possession, if he wished he could disappear even further from existence. But he still had a debt to pay and he owed the world for his mistakes.
He reached for the second letter.
My dear Severus,
I hope this arrives to find you in good health. I am sure that by now you have received word of your acquittal from the Ministry of Magic. I was rather pleased to note that they have finally admitted what I have been adamantly trying to prove for all these years. Still it is better late than never and I am sure that while you will not find it in yourself to forgive the injustice of having them taken away, you are perhaps enormously pleased to be given your possessions again. If you allow it, together we can work to clear your name of the propaganda that has surrounded it for so long.
Perhaps a new identity is in order? There is a job that I have been saving for you these years and I wonder if now is the best time to offer you the position of Potions Professor of Hogwarts? Write me back as soon as possible to tell me of your decision.
And Severus, although you may dearly yearn to get as far away from England as possible now that you are allowed, and with your ties to France or the sheer brilliance of your artistic talent, I implore you not to run from your past. It is only in dealing with it by facing it that you will begin to heal. You have paid for your mistake of becoming a Death Eater many times over by becoming my spy and now that the Ministry recognizes this, there can only be a time of peace and healing ahead.
Keep in touch as always.
Albus Dumbledore.
The letter fluttered to the ground. Severus hung his head. A thousand thoughts flickered through his mind and each as opposites of each other. He could go away to France and walk the streets of Paris selling his painting. He would be recognized since his work was already famous. No one there would truly know him as the Severus Snape who had been a Death Eater. His fluent French would hide the British accent and if the wizards there accepted him as one of their own then there would be no need to hide. He could teach at Beaubaxtons. Not Potions, although he loved the subject. Perhaps Defence against the Dark Arts. He would never be allowed to teach it at Hogwarts. He could see the world again and heal in his own time instead of becoming the embittered man that he was well on his way to becoming. For now, at twenty-five, he was young and free. He didn't have to stay in England.
He looked over at the couch where the most innocent creature to wander into his life now slept. One day he would meet this child again. The cherubic look would be gone but the lightning bolt would still be there and if he cared to admit it the image of James would look out at him from the emerald eyes to judge him as the father had judged Severus. One day, if he stayed he could repay the wizard debt to the son in place of the father.
He accio-ed a fresh strip of parchment and a quilt, before he could change his mind, then he began to write a reply to the Headmaster of Hogwarts.
Dear Albus Dumbledore,
I would indeed be willing to accept the position of Potions Professor at Hogwarts if the offer still stands for my acceptance... I would however stipulate some conditions to this acceptance and hope that you will not find them too difficult to grant me the favour...
When he was finished he went into his bedroom to open up a floo to the castle and quickly flooed the letter over, lest he changed his mind at the last second.
On returning to the room he returned to sitting on the floor facing the sleeping boy and he grabbed the painting he had done. After only a moment of hesitation he began to paint again. This time he added the rug on which he now sat but instead of drawing himself, he drew a green and silver boa constrictor raised to stare enchanted at the boy curled on the chair. When he was finished with that he dipped a finer tipped brush into black paint and with a flourish, gave the painting a title, before adding his signature and the date.
Le Petit Chat…
The name seemed fitting to describe this little kitten. The hour was approaching in which he would have to wake the child but for now he could probably afford to fall asleep also. It had been a while since he had slept peacefully, but for now he knew that rest would come easier. Especially with an angel in the room who was a hero after all. Never mind that he was five and the son of Severus' childhood enemy. Perhaps in time the healing process would be completed. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39056 | Disclaimer: I do not own Naruto in any way shape or form.
Chapter 2:
Fruits of training
--- --- ---
One week left that was all and even now Naruto was feeling subtly confident in his growing capabilities, his Uzumaki Family Taijutsu Style had reached levels he had not honestly believed he was going to reach in the short period.
And there was only one thing he could say about that, White Chakra freaking Rules its regeneration properties turning the roughly two and a half week training period into more like two and a half months.
Seriously he could do in a day what it would take almost anyone a week just because he didn't have to rest and let his muscles rebuild like everyone else between sessions, he had observed his clones in a mass Spar and he was scarily fast now.
Not as scarily fast as Lee and his Gai Sensei were but he had something they didn't a rather new discovery that had left him after just a short use exhausted unlike anything he had felt before.
It was his 'Gold' Chakra another aspect of the Foxes separated Chakra it was the filtered and purified part that had enhanced his well everything physical, it was like using the Chakra gates but without the tearing himself from the inside out part.
Oh it had its downsides he had come to realise everything did but they were more than worth it, it was after all more an endgame last ditch effort skill something that you used when you had no other choice.
Especially as it left him truly exhausted after, it boosted his strength, speed and he was sure his resistance to damage took a jump as well, but it drained his Stamina like nothing he had experienced before.
Right now his limit was set in three categories, Factor One which was about ¼ of what his body could handle and gave him just about a fifty percent boost for around five minutes, Factor 2 was about half of what his body could safely handle and easily doubled his power for around three minutes or less.
He had not gone beyond factor three as that had started to physically hurt and wore his body out as a frightening speed, another good fifty percent increase in his power was the hand off though only for about a minute.
There were two other problems with using Gold Chakra though one he had managed to partially offset, problem one was not really a combat orientated problem more than a statistical one, as he grew stronger physically and his body slowly became accustomed to the 'Gold' Chakra.
The amount he could use increased.
The other true problem was the raw speed, even if the boost affected his eyes increasing his reaction times he was having increasing problems thinking at such high speed all but offsetting that, it was frustratingly similar to how Sasuke had almost the same problem in his spar with Lee.
While Sasuke's Sharingan increased his both perception and reaction time beyond what his body could keep up with, he had almost the exact opposite problem, too much speed not enough perception.
It would fix itself in time once he began to grow accustom to the raw extra speed but if he wanted to hold the almost complete Rasengan in reserve he was going to have to find another was, and so he had spend almost four frustratingly empty hours looking through the Archive for a quicker solution.
He was successful... kinda anyway.
The SEED factor (Superior Evolutionary Element Destined-factor) was the almost perfect solution, the problem was simple ... it was a kind of racial bloodline in another freaking Dimension and the chance of him getting that was about as likely as him spontaneously developing the Sharingan.
But its affects had lead him down another path, it was a form of concentration based around Meditation, normally the mind receives information, partially processes it, stores it then you get to act on it.
The Sharingan worked by essentially dumping all the information directly into storage while a copy is pushed into process, in a normal human this would be a very bad thing as it would give a massive overload of information.
The normal eye has only so much it can process at once the rest is stored to be processed while you sleep, the Sharingan while active actually boosts that integration rate, each tomoe 'doubled' what the natural eyes capacity.
A fully matured Sharingan effectively increased Perception by around ten or more times than that of a normal eye, another scary thing was its ability to use its minimal ability to see Chakra in a person's boy's flair as they move it processes that automatically into an action.
What the 'Combat' meditation skill did was slowly with practice boost the eyes natural process and integration rate, couple that with a refined version of what he was beginning to do during meditation anyway.
And he already had a frightening jump it reaction and reflex time and a still steadily increase with practice, true while it was nothing like the amazing jumps each tomoe gave the Sharingan but it was steadily increasing with practice.
Already it was he estimated it reaction times were slowly creeping up on a single tomoe Sharingans level, and that was truly something to brag about.
It did still give him a nasty headache the longer he used it a side effect of overworking his eyes and brain, but like any muscle with some time and a little luck he would get used to it quickly enough so it no longer left him holding his head painfully after the adrenaline faded.
Again had he mentioned how totally freaking 'Awesome' his White Chakra was!?
--- --- ---
Sarutobi Hiruzen watched through his Viewing Globe as hat had been dubbed the Rookie Nine or at least the ones who were going to be competing in the finale of the Chuunin exams with a small smile and a twinkle in his eyes.
It truly felt good to see the next generation really did possess the fabled 'will of Fire' true he had been both annoyed and angry when he had found out Kakashi had all but abandoned Naruto, especially as he knew that the blond Genin held absolutely no respect for the Jounin Training Specialist.
His annoyance had slowly turned into concern when Naruto successfully managed to drive of the Jounin, true he might not have trusted, respected or even liked the Instructor but he would have learned a lot from him.
So you could imagine his shock and growing awe as the Fourths Legacy had started to suddenly train in things he should have no knowledge about, when he had started learning what he was sure was the Rasengan he had used the orb to look for Jiraiya.
Only to find the Toad Sannin ready to leave the Village something he knew he would not be doing if he was training Naruto, true the Toad Sage had made the aging Hokage promise to apprentice Naruto to him when he became a Chuunin.
But he didn't even seem to known that his godson was even 'IN' the Chuunin exams, something he decided he was going to have to rectify.
The next shock had been the new forms of Chakra and especially the new additions to the Seal or rather the effects they were having on the teenage son of his predecessor/successor.
The distinct lack, an absolute and complete disappearance of any of the foxes Chakra had been an interesting revelation, the additions had initially scared him as it would mean someone had tampered with a Seal so complex it could have had disastrous consequences.
That was until he had frozen the Orbs image when the Seal was visible and his eyes had found something that had froze the blood in his veins while at the same time warmed his heart.
Everyone who was called a Seal Master or even a practitioner had a distinct mark a kind of Seal Signature so if something started to go wrong with the Seal they could be contacted for help, he had one, Jiraiya had one.
And their resting proudly on the outer boarder of the new slightly expanded Seal was the 'Signature Seal Mark' of one Namikaze Minato.
He had no idea how and the only reasonable thing he could think of without asking the teen directly something he was going to before the exam finals was that the Seal was meant to do this, possibly some kind of evolution or time delayed activation of something.
He idly remembered the former Yondaime has known for developing multi sequenced 'Prank' seals during his apprenticeship to Jiraiya, so it wasn't a stretch of the imagination to thing he had set the Shiki Fujin with extra Seals that would activate when his Son reached a pre-planned age or Chakra level.
If that was the case and the Seal really had become even stronger that would help elevate some of Naruto's more vocal opposition, with some fast talking and a good fabricated story he might be able to get the boy more of his inherence much sooner than the council originally wanted.
Speaking of the Council he was quite pleased at the admittedly few Naruto supporters had been growing over the past few month, even among the civilian population he was steadily earning respect and a reputation.
True it was a reputation as an excitable loudmouth who tended to screw up at almost everything the first few times he did it but he was also getting a reputation as being genially friendly and dependable sure he messed up a few times while he was learning but who didn't.
Also his adventure out of the village had began to trickle back, rumours of liberating an entire country rumours that had been quickly confirmed by traders from wave had only added to his reputation.
His poor performance yet humorous defeat over Inuzuka Kiba had initially made people laugh and joke, which had quickly faded when some of the details of Orochimaru's infiltration had been skilfully leaked detailing how team Seven had not only survived the encounter.
But had succeeded in making it to the Chuunin exam finals while both being exhausted and injured from the encounter with the S-Class Missing Nin, succeeding even while suffering from performance suppressing Seals.
The fact that the Snake Sannin 'had' infiltrated was not going to be a secret for long but putting this twist on it had not only offset the damage the incident had cased to Konoha's image, but strengthened it by having a team with such capabilities.
After all it's not everyday someone or a team of someone's are targeted by the S-Class Snake charmer and not only live to tell the tale but live with minimum injuries and go on to defeat capable Genin in the Chuunin exams.
His former student was up to something that he knew instinctively, Jiraiya had confirmed that with his report and he truly wished the Toad Sage was wrong.
But he knew he wasn't, Orochimaru was suspected to be the Otokage and with an entire village at his beck and call he knew war was going to be inevitable, it wasn't hard to deduce the Sannin was planning an Assassination, a string of Assassinations or an outright invasion.
Knowing the Snake like he did he suspected all three with added twists.
Konoha would survive of that he was certain the 'Will of Fire' was not so easily extinguished after all, oh no the trick was to turn this potentially devastating situation to their advantage if not Militarily then politically.
A small smirk graced his aging face as he thought 'the true trick s finding a way for this to strengthen us not militarily or even politically, oh no the trick will be as I am planning... both, and I have a feeling Naruto may be the Key to that'
So with a growing smile the Wiley old fire shadow began planning how to improve both his beloved village and his much loved charge's positions.
And yes he really did think the unknown Namikaze was going to be the Key to this, it was a chance and it could go wrong but he had good instincts and for probably the first time in years.
They were screaming for attention.
--- --- ---
Uzumaki Naruto blinked twice a grin spreading itself over his face as he looked himself over, not having a large enough mirror he simple substituted it for a Clone and he had to admit, he liked what he saw.
He had grown a lot in the past month gaining only a few inches if that but considering he was a shortass before they helped a lot, his hair was the same spiky mess that he was going to try combing a bit with a real comb before he left rather than just with his fingers.
After an interesting Chat with Oji-San where he found his changed were not as secret as he had thought he had asked for a few pairs of more traditional Shinobi gear, he loved orange he really did but it was time to leave his childhood behind and bright Orange clothing was a part of that.
Now while he had decided he was going to go more... traditional in his outfit the old man had suggested he not leave it completely behind and to leave it to him, the result he had to admit was freaking awesome.
More traditional that his Orange jumpsuits yes, like the average Ninja... not exactly, it seemed to have taken a 'lot' of inspiration from his father's old outfit.
Sturdy Black Shinobi Sandals were a start, white fairly baggy white pants with all the standard pouches a uniform black, a mesh vest under a fetching black top a long silver zipper could be seen in the middle.
It had long thick sleeves looking more like black versions of Sasuke's arm warmers than sleeves and atop of his head was his forehead Protector the Symbol of His Village affiliation and Ninja status the blue cloth replaced with a longer black one.
The best part he would admit was the Red and Black replica of his Dad's coat, on the back were the Kanji proudly depicting 'Konoha's Maelstrom' and as he looked over his clones he admitted, he looked 'Good' much more professional even dangerous.
It also gave him a startling resemblance to his father while giving it a distinct twist that all but screamed uniquely 'Naruto ' so quickly checking over his equipment and finally brushing his hair he left the room through the window and took to the roofs, his destination.
The Chuunin Finals.
If he had taken the time to check his appearance one final time he would have seen that simply from brushing his messy hair he went from looking a lot alike the Fourth.
To being almost undeniably the former Blond Hokage's Kin.
--- --- ---
The stadium was packed, with the impressive line up of competitors including many a powerful clan all three children of the Kazekage and many others it was not too much of a surprise.
The Sandaime smiled a secret smile when he spied Naruto sitting in a shaded part of the waiting area mostly hidden from everyone, the teenager really did look a lot like his father with the change of clothes and he was looking forwards to the reaction when he walked into the light.
He expected a few people may faint.
Naruto was sitting cross legged atop one of the seating stands sharp eyes taking in the arena grounds critically; the other competitors were already down there in the ring soaking up the cheering fans.
Sasuke had yet to turn up but he knew he only had to appear for you match so he wasn't too worried he probably wanted to make a big entrance like he did, well Kakashi probably wanted to make a big entrance for his 'Star' student anyway.
His eyes landed on Sakura and Ino and he couldn't help but smile as they were as he had expected arguing, but he smiled as well because the rift that had developed between the two former friends over Sasuke seemed to have closed.
He was glad for that, Kiba and Hinata were there as well next to two Ninja who judging by Hinata's look was badmouthing him, he couldn't help the slight blush that that thought brought his mind too.
A Download of Human psychology had brought about a lot of revelations to the oblivious teen, a lot of embarrassing revelations and the fact that Hyuuga freaking Hinata the closest thing Konoha had to a genuine Princess 'Liked' him.
Well he was kicking himself for days for not seeing that and what his negligence must had done for her self esteem, he had confronted and almost mortified the poor girl the day before, telling her he was both flattered and amazed someone like her would like someone a street urchin like him.
He had let her down in the best way he could, by not really letting her down, he had instead said that he liked her but didn't really know her, they should start as friends and see what happens.
He could see Kiba's smirk at the two other Ninja defiantly an I know something you don't know look and he also watched as Kiba noticed the strangely abundant ANBU in the stands, from what he had downloaded there were far more than he thought there should have been.
His eyes finally landed on Gaara and a frown graced his features at the murderous gaze of the redheaded Sand Junchiriki flickered around obviously looking for the absent Uchiha.
In the stands Sakura's fingers twitched nervously "Come on, where are they do they want to be disqualified, I knew Kakashi Sensei's bad habits would spread to one of them but not both" the Pinkette half joked to her once again friend.
Ino who was also looking around nodded "I know you worried about Sasuke nobody has seen him all month, but shouldn't you worry more about Naruto his match 'is' first and he hasn't shown... think he overslept?"
Sakura blinked her head slowly turning to her blond friend "Well Naruto did do that a few times in the Academy remember" sighing at her friend Sakura sadly nodded.
"Yes but Naruto is a... different that he was back then, more serious well sometimes and well he made a promise Naruto never breaks one, anyway he wouldn't be late for this he will arrive on time if he isn't already here somewhere"
Down in the ring the new announcer cleared his throat and started.
"The Chuunin Exams Officially Start Now, the first match is between Hyuuga Neji and Uzumaki Naruto can the two please come to the ring everyone else move to the waiting area"
Neji who was already in the ring so waited while the others filed out, looking impatient the Hyuuga branch member snorted "It's obvious the Dobe forfeited, not even having the courage to turn up, fait has declared I will be the winner yet to win without fighting, utterly pathetic"
A soft masculine voice seemingly carried by the air replied after a few seconds.
"What is pathetic Hyuuga-San is a man who blames everything good or bad on fait, fait only exists in those to weak willed to make their own, and I find 'That' to be truly pathetic"
Absolute silence, that was what greeted him after Neji spun to face him the Hyuuga managed not to gape as he considered that beneath him but to these who were in the position to see the Blond Chuunin hopeful there was complete silence.
He was standing on the edge of one of the stands balanced easily on the railing with his arms crossed over his chest and eyes giving fiercely at his opponent.
It started slowly, a quiet murmur mostly from foreign diplomats and Shinobi with murmurs of 'Yondaime' and 'Yellow Flash Reborn' slowly filtering to questions on his heritage.
Sakura had to admit with a badly suppressed blush as he really did look amazing almost nothing like the knucklehead he was just a month ago, and it wasn't just the new clothes though they defiantly helped his new image.
It came to her suddenly "It's his eyes, yes and the set of his face he looks so serious It's like he is an entirely different person" the members of the group known as the rookie nine seemed to have gravitated together as Sakura reached the rails in front of her seat.
Ino gave a snort "He 'is' a Ninja one Sasuke-Kun himself said he wanted to fight, it's about time the baka started acting like one" despite her tone she was obviously impressed as were much of the people watching.
Hinata smiled her eyes twinkling and a delicate blush gracing her features "This is Naruto; this is just a part of him he does not like to show much, yes he plays the part of the village fool but he only plays the part because it makes people smile but he is anything but a fool"
"Watch him, are friend, are colleague and by choice, are protector"
Jumping from the railing Naruto seared through the air with seemingly no effort his landing making nary a sound and hardly kicking up any dust, walking into the ring like mound of earth his eyes not once leaving the eyes of his target.
"Hyuuga Neji, Uzumaki Naruto... Hajime"
--- --- ---
Nothing happened at first, the two combatant just stood there eyes locked for several long seconds until Neji moved first sliding easily into a 'Jūken' ready stance tensing only slightly as Naruto remained standing his arms at his sides.
What the Hyuuga didn't know was that Naruto's Taijutsu didn't 'have' a formal stance or rather it did but it was made to 'look' like it didn't, while Naruto looked unguarded he was just as on guard as Neji.
So when Neji really expect Naruto to lean back then twist to his right at his hips then rotate his entire body his leading foot kicking up a trail of dirt as he spun his arm lashing out in a blur and impacting solidly with the Hyuuga's wrist.
As it turned out to Neji's misfortune the 'hit' was simply from momentum as the arm was not meant to be an attack, rather it was a grab and with the arm of the Branch Hyuuga firmly in his grasp the young blond pulled.
Off balance the Hyuuga hardly had any time to think as with a duel *Poof* two Shadow Clones appeared their arms already rising together would they hit their target it would have left quite a bruise, as it was they didn't as the Hyuuga Prodigy spun his hands meeting those of the Clones.
Using the rising fists as a platform Neji spun his leg lashing out at the real Naruto in what was promising to be a punishing blow; it was not to be as the blond was suddenly replaced with an explosive tag, his eyes widening the Prodigy averted his kick and used the clone to propel himself upwards.
Naruto watched in mild amusement as the Exploding Note detonated his eyes following the Prodigy as the blasts shockwave pushed him higher that he would have jumped on his own, readying another surprise he pulled out a trio of Shuriken with each hand and let rip.
Neji grunted from his elevated position his ears still ringing, having had enough he activated his Byakugan and good thing too as six Shuriken cut though the Chakra laced Dust curving up to meet his decent, pulling out his own projectiles he skilfully flung then at the approaching weapons of death.
That done he turned his attention to more pressing matters while still keeping an eye as it were on the Shuriken on the off chance he missed, again the boys eyes widened as a shout of "Kage Shuriken no Jutsu" and the six spinning projectiles became sixty.
Grunting as the Shuriken bit into the large log he was replaced with thanks to a quick Kawarimi no Jutsu Neji found himself tensing for another attack.
The expected attack never came as Naruto was just standing there his arms back at his sided and piercing blue eyes boring into his soul he met the red clad Ninja with decidedly more care.
'His speed has increased I would say a little more than double what it was during his match with the Inuzuka, and his use of that Clone technique has improved he has defiantly improved far more than I had believed he could'
Narrowing his activated Byakugan eyes eh called out "I will admit you have improved far more than I had estimated Uzumaki however I have estimated you are still no match for me at you're current level, you will lose this fight It has already been decided by fate"
The Hyuuga prodigy blurred forwards with such speed many of the spectators saw just a blur of light cloth as those that could track the path of the Genin whistled impressed, the first blow was shockingly blocked and while it obviously stung he didn't manage to close a Tenkatsu.
His second third and fourth however did blocking three of the Tenkatsu in the blocking arm of the blond Genin, a superior smirk when to his shock the appearance of two Chakra sourced drew his attention to his feet.
Naruto grinned at the shocked Neji as a pair of clone broke the surface of the ground, latching on to the cream clad teen while the original Naruto spun one half turn his foot lashing out and turning the Hyuuga into a temporary bullet.
He watch his eyes hardening again as the Hyuuga got to his feet while simultaneously wiping a trickle of blood from his Chin with a wince.
"Tell me Neji-Kun, is fate the reason you now have a bloody lip or is fate the reason you underestimated me or is 'fate' really just an excuse"
The teenaged prodigy looked up sharply both angered and confused and the blond Junchiriki's next words momentarily froze the blood in his veins.
"No fate has nothing to do with it, I know people like you Hyuuga I know people who childishly blame everything bad that happens to them on one thing whether it be a person, an object or a deity they hide behind it so fiercely because deep down they are cowards"
Neji looking furious went to shout a retort but was silenced at Naruto's glair.
"I know about that Seal you suffer with, about the abduction and it 'after-effects' I know better than most the pain one goes through because of an unwanted Seal but do you know something Neji, not once have I given up have I given in and ran away"
"I started training last month to beat you for what you did to Hinata, I was going to take you apart and beat you into the ground for your how you treated her, I changed my mind I'm not just going to beat you for her or even for me"
"Hyuuga Neji Prodigy of the great Hyuuga Clan, I am Uzumaki Naruto the Academy Dobe and I am going to defeat you for your own good, I'm going to prove that If a 'Dead Last Loser' like me can change then so can a genius like you"
--- --- ---
So that's it for Chapter two, so what do you think have I over powered Naruto? I think I have but that is Kinda the point lol
Let me know what you think and any advice and don't just say a Beta as that isn't much help in improving 'My' writing ability now is it lol.
--- --- ---
'Kawarimi' = Body Replacement Technique
Switched with an object of similar mass to the user
'Kachuu Kyouhon' = Wildly Running Vortex
Taijutsu Style of the Uzumaki Clan, fast, unpredictable and deadly
'Kage Bunshin' = Shadow Clone
An advanced variation of the Bunshin it has a physical body and anything the Clone learns so does the original.
'Kage Shuriken' = Shadow Shuriken
A Variation of the Kage Bunshin only it makes copies of the thrown Shuriken instead.
'Rasengan' = Spiralling Sphere
An orb of dense Chakra wildly spinning in multiple directions encased in containment 'Shell' of Chakra, grinds into almost anything and the vortex of Spinning Chakra can be released making the targed fly away inside an extremely powerful vortex of cutting air. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39057 | (A/N: Just a fun little songfic I came up with whilst listening to my parents' American Pie record. I hope somebody likes it, because I'm pretty pleased with it! Reviews are, as always, appreciated. And I don't own NCIS or the song (which is by Don McLean). Prepare for lots of OOC-ness and drunken behaviour. I know it doesn't entirely make sense, and some of the lyrics are a little off, but bear with me?)
Everybody Loves Me, Baby
No-one was quite sure how exactly they'd ended up in a karaoke bar. The evening had started off as a kind of unofficial Christmas party – someone had brought in a bottle of wine, which they'd all shared up in the squadroom, toasting the holiday. No-one realised quite how late it was getting until Vance came down to shoo them out. So they'd stood around outside for a while, wondering what to do – it was too early to go home with everyone still in high spirits – until someone had suggested driving to a bar. This had met with the whole team's approval, and so a line of cars soon pulled out onto the road, each with two passengers. Palmer had made his excuses much earlier, and so the party was now composed of Gibbs, Ducky, Ziva, Abby, McGee and Tony.
Parking somewhere in town, they'd headed for the nearest neon light as it was beginning to snow, and had found themselves in a pretty average-looking establishment. Someone had got in some drinks, and an hour later they were still there, each holding their third or fourth drink in one hand, and watching Special Agent Anthony incredulously as he stood behind a microphone at the other end of the room.
"One, two, three, four!"
McGee couldn't believe his ears as the drums and piano kicked in. He'd never have thought Tony listened to this old stuff. Still, there was nothing anyone could do to stop him now, save forcibly dragging him off the makeshift stage. As Tony opened his mouth to sing, he leant back on the bar, praying that this would not be too painful.
"Fortune has me well in hand
Armies await my command
My gold lies in a foreign land buried deep beneath the sand
The angels guide my every prayer
My enemies are sick or dead
But all the victories I've led haven't brought you to my bed
You see
Everybody loves me, baby
What's the matter with you?
Tell me, what did I do to offend you?"
Surprisingly, Tony was not actually that bad a singer. They were all laughing, though, at the rather appropriate choice of song; typical of Tony – egoism and boasting combined. It took McGee a moment to realise that Ducky and Gibbs had apparently left during the chorus. Probably couldn't stand it any longer! he thought. But in looking for them, he'd missed the first lines of the next verse. This was too priceless to neglect.
"And my face on every coin engraved
The anarchists are all enslaved
You see
Everybody loves me, baby
What's the matter with you?
Tell me, what did I do to offend you?"
It seemed to McGee that suddenly everyone was looking at him – everyone, that is, being Ziva, Abby and Tony. Why, he couldn't imagine. As he watched, the girls turned away and began to whisper behind their hands about something or other. He returned his attention to his friend on stage. Who, now he thought about it, looked rather good in a tight-fitting white shirt and similarly body-hugging jeans. Shaking his head to get rid of these strange thoughts, he fixed his attention firmly on the song – not the singer, he had to tell himself more than once.
"Now, no man is beyond my claim when land is seized in the people's name
By evil men who rob and maim
If war is hell, I'm not to blame!
Why, you can't blame me, I'm the heaven's child
I'm the second son of Mary mild
And I'm twice removed from Oscar Wilde
But he didn't mind – why, he just smiled!"
During the third verse he had had to stop himself from staring. Now he'd noticed it, Tony really did look good. It didn't help that he'd now left the stage and was walking around the chairs and tables, as if performing for imaginary punters. This had given McGee a rather good view of his arse. With this added distraction, he'd completely failed to notice that his female colleagues had also left – leaving him alone in the room with the bartender and a rather drunk Tony, who was now headed straight for him.
"Yes, and the ocean parts when I walk through
And the clouds dissolve and the sky turns blue
I'm held in very great value by everyone but you
Cause I've used my talents as I could
I've done some bad, I've done some good
I did a whole lot better than they thought I would
So come on and treat me like you should!"
His friend was becoming increasingly unsteady on his feet as he wound his way towards him, holding eye contact. McGee suddenly found himself unable to look away. As he listened closely to the words, a sneaking suspicion entered his mind, but he pushed it away at once. It was too ridiculous to entertain even for a second. Tony was the straightest of any of them – with the possible exception of Gibbs, with his track record. And he himself – well, of course he wasn't gay. Nope. Not at all. Not in the slightest attracted to men. Not even the wonderfully sexy one now almost close enough to touch…
Everybody loves me, baby
What's the matter with you?
Tell me, what did I do to offend you?
As the music played on, he was thankfully saved from the repetition of the chorus because Tony had somehow managed to trip over a chair at his feet and was now lying on the floor, having dropped the microphone, giggling to himself in a very un-Tony-like way. Sighing, McGee bent down, pulled the chair away, picked Tony up (with considerable effort) and carried him outside, dumping him unceremoniously into a pile of snow. He hoped that it would bring him to his senses even a little bit – and, sure enough, the older agent was soon on his feet, brushing himself off. McGee couldn't help noticing that his tight white shirt had become somewhat wet in the snow, and it didn't look at all bad on him. Stop it! he told himself sharply. What is wrong with you this evening? It's like you're… checking him out, or something.
Then he saw the way Tony was looking at him, almost as if he could read his mind. Shit. Shit shit shit. Now you're in trouble, Timothy McGee.
But his thoughts got no further as he felt soft lips on his own, emptying his mind of all thoughts except I'm kissing Tony. I'm kissing Tony. To their mutual surprise, he didn't pull back, but joined in whole-heartedly as the snow fell all around them.
After a while, they stopped to breath, gasping in the cold air. Ever the rationalist, McGee began to worry.
"Tony – your lungs –" Then another thought hit him, and he hung his head, almost crying at the unfairness of it. He'd just got what he'd been secretly wanting for months – years – and he shouldn't have done. Embarrassment turned to anger and he looked up, glaring at the other man.
"That wasn't fair, Tony. You got drunk just to make a fool out of me? Nice. Very nice. I bet you won't even remember this in the morning."
He turned to go, but heard quiet laughter behind him, and looked back, incensed.
"You think it's funny? Tony, I –"
A finger was pressed to his lips, and a very sober-looking Anthony DiNozzo grinned down at him.
"Think about it, Timmy. Who's been buying the drinks all evening?"
"You did. And Abby. But I don't see what that has to do with anything." His words were rather muffled, but Tony obviously heard, as he sighed.
"Come on, McGeek! You're supposed to be the brainbox here. I bought the drinks because I wasn't drinking. All I've had is one beer. The rest has been straight Coke."
McGee raised one eyebrow. "And Abby? Why? I don't understand?"
The smile returned. "Abby… knew what I was planning. I knew I could trust her to keep a secret – and besides, she's been wanting something to happen between us since way back when. I had to let her in. And the why of it all… God, Tim, you should know by now I'm not half as brave as I make myself out to be. I'm no good with words. Far easier to tell you like this, and have everyone else think I'm drunk. And…" He sighed, running one hand through his (adorably cute) messy hair. "I guess I wanted to cover my back. I mean, if you didn't feel the same way, I could just make out I really was somewhat inebriated, and laugh it off."
Then he frowned, taking his hand from McGee's mouth and looking closely at him. "You… you do, don't you?"
That was a question that needed only one kind of answer. McGee reached up and kissed him gently and quickly, one hand cradling his neck. "We need to get you out of the cold. It can't be doing your lungs any good. But I hardly think I'm qualified to drive, seeing as I really have been drinking." He smiled.
"Take me home?"
They walked hand-in-hand to Tony's car, and completely failed to notice the vehicle parked rather conspicuously on the other side of the road as they drove off. Inside, two familiar figures smiled at each other.
"I told you." Black pigtails bobbed as she laughed. "And you owe me ten bucks."
Her companion mock-grimaced and reached into the pocket of her combats, pulling out a crumpled note.
"Here." Then she too grinned. "Mission accomplished once again, Miss Sciuto."
Their laughter was drowned out over the sound of the engines as they headed for home and a warm coffin for two.
(A/N: Opinions? And to clarify, repetition of "someone" in the opening paragraphs is deliberate.) |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39058 | Notes: Do you know how many frickin' times I've changed my mind about my Naruto stories?!?! A lot!! So, I've most likely come to the decision on making it THIS way. Alright, Naruto leaves Konaha; with an interesting twist I might add! Naruto never knew Hana liked him!! I know… *sniffle* It's such a great idea I think I'm gonna cry… No, I won't. JUST READ THE STORY!!! ARE YOU STILL READING THIS DAMN NOTE?! READ!!!! Oh and BTW, the thing with Gaara doesn't happen here, if you've read the latest volumes.
(Music: "A Thousand Miles" by Vanessa Carlton, "Far Away" by Nickelback, "Thunder" by Boys Like Girls, "Ultimate" by Lindsay Lohan, Never Gonna Be Alone by Nickelback)
I lay on my bed, crying my eyes out. I couldn't believe this was happening. I KNEW he wanted to be a good, no GREAT, ninja but he can't just LEAVE! More warm tears came from my red, puffy eyes. I screamed into my pillow. He can't!
Did he realize how much this was killing me inside? I don't think so. He never knew how much I liked him. I never told him. Why would I? It's not like he likes me back.
"You can be so DENSE, Hana-chan!" TenTen said at one time. "Naruto is head-over-heels for you! Like you are for him."
"I'm not head-over-heels for him," I grumbled.
"Right, Hana, right."
I screamed into my pillow more. I was so obvious! And yet HE DOESN'T GET IT! This was so frustrating! I screamed into my pillow again and more hot tears flowed down my cheeks. I sniffled and let out an exasperated sob.
"Honey," my mom called from the door. "Honey, don't you want to see him off? He's leaving right now."
"NO!" I sobbed. "I don't want to see off that jerk!"
My mom came into the room and sat on the bed. "Naruto is a lot of things, honey, but he's not a jerk. He'll be back."
"How do you know that? The Ataksuki could capture him and they'd take out that demon of his! And he'd DIE! Or he'd join them and might not even wanna come back! And betray Konaha and then he'd be my enemy!" I imagined the worst possible outcomes. I'd actually imagined many outcomes. But mostly bad ones, involving him dying or never coming back.
"Naruto would never betray Konaha. How could you even think that? He's so bent on becoming Hokage." She sighed and put her hand on my back. "Hana, Naruto will come back. And he'd never let those people capture him. Jiriya wouldn't let that happen either. He may be bit of a pervert but he's a responsible man. He'll bring him back."
"He's the source of all the evil!" I sobbed and screamed. "He's taking him away!"
"Hana, Naruto is going to come back! He won't betray the Leaf! He's more faithful than all the Hokage combined. And Naruto isn't easily swayed." She began to rub my back. "Go. Honey, go. Hana, you're not that hard to figure out. You're in love with Naruto." I stiffened. "Go. Tell him how you feel before he leaves. He's probably waiting for your farewell."
I sat up and dried my eyes. I looked at my mom and she smiled softly. I stood up and nodded. I sped out the door. The last thing I heard was "That's my girl."
I weaved through the crowds, trying hard not to crash into people and helping the people that I did up. When I reached the gate people were waving and Naruto was nowhere to be found. I searched through the people and when I couldn't find him, I ran into the crowd. I pushed my way to the front.
I saw Naruto. He was barely visible and soon he disappeared into the horizon. It was too late. I was too late. I couldn't reach him now. It was too late. And I collapsed onto my knees and began to sob again.
I walked my way through Konaha, trying to keep my head held high. Faces of the villagers passing me. I was staring blankly ahead, trying to get home after a gruesome day of training. My legs ached because our sensei, Kuroba (who is my idol, by the way), made us run all across town, chasing after her to "build our endurance". I had infinite energy, so I was the only one to catch her. She gave me a cookie for my efforts.
Home seemed to be a little further with my tiredness. I sighed. I decided that I would rest before I went onto going home. I decided to rest in my favorite tree.
I'll tell you why it was my favorite tree. IN STORY!!
I discovered my favorite tree when I was around eleven. I was still in the ninja academy, but I decided to ditch that day. Most of the people who ditched went to gym place thing, but not me. I wanted to roam. Sure, it wasn't the best thing to do if you didn't want to get caught… I know that now. Learn from my mistakes, little children! HIDE when ditching school!
I was walking someplace around the edge of the gate. I was humming happily. For some weird reason, when I was at that age, no one wanted to be near me when I hummed or sang, or made any type of musical sound. I couldn't exactly CONTROL my siren singing. 'Cuz I didn't exactly know when I was using it. So, a bonus to not being caught.
I began to randomly sing a pretty song my mom used to sing to me when I was really little. It was a lullaby. I heard people gasp and scuttle away in fear. I sighed. I was really getting tired of that. My eyes went to the ground. I knew people didn't like my singing. My family was right. I have no talent.
I felt my eyes begin to sting with tears. Before I knew it, slow tears began to stream down my face. What was the point in being a ninja, anyway? I'm a horrible ninja. My cousin, Yukari, tells me that all the time. And I know I am. I've failed the shadow clone jutsu test twice. Tomorrow was my next chance and I was sure to fail. Yukari already passed and she's a year younger than me! I began to cry harder. I wiped away the overflowing tears. I sniffled and straightened up. This is not the way Hana Kino acts, I told myself. Hana Kino is a happy little girl with boundless energy. Not some girl who cries surrounded by my self-pity.
I began to walk and sing again.
Suddenly, I heard some ruffling in a nearby tree. I spun around, ready to attack without mercy.
"Who's there?" I demanded, in a small voice. It made me sound more scared than assertive. "Tell me and maybe I won't use siren singing!" I whimpered as I heard a crack in the tree. Then, an orange and yellow blur fell from the tree.
"Naruto!" I exclaimed. I put my hand against a wall and leaned. I put my other hand over my fast beating heart. "You scared me half to death!"
He got up. Leaves were in his hair and inside the collar of his jumpsuit thing. He scratched the back of his head. He chuckled nervously. "Sorry, Hana-chan."
I narrowed my eyes. "What were you doing in the tree?"
He smiled his famous toothy smile. "I was sleeping. But, your singing woke me up."
My eyes widened. He had heard me sing. I felt my face go red from accusing to shock and fright. I felt my eyes begin to sting again. "Y-you heard me s-sing?" I whimpered, scared that I may have put him under a spell. "U-um, this is a really silly question. B-but, do you happen to think of me as super-model pretty at the moment?" My eyes were very worried looking. If I put Naruto under a spell, I'm going to be in SO much trouble!
"Um," Naruto muttered. He didn't seem to know how to answer my question. I saw his face turn a very light pink.
"Oh, man! I did, didn't I? I am SO SORRY! I didn't mean to put you under a spell! Come on, Naruto! Snap out of it!" I snapped my fingers in front of his face frantically.
"Hana, stop it! That's getting annoying!" He pushed my fingers out from in front of his face. "I'm not under any spell! Why would I be?"
"I can't quite control siren singing yet! And I AM SO SORRY for putting you under that spell! I am so stupid! I should know better than to sing in public!" I scolded myself. I grabbed his wrist. "Come on! My mom should know how to undo the spell!" I began dragging him to my house.
Naruto struggled in my grasp. "Hana! I am not under any spell! LEGGO!"
"No! We are going to my house to undo the spell!" I grasped his wrist even harder to stop his struggling.
"Hana!" He grabbed the hand I was using to drag his in the one that I was squeezing. He pulled me to face him and I was about an inch away from touching his chest. "I am not under a spell! Get that through your head!"
"That's exactly a person who is under a spell would say! You're just lucky you're not knocked out! Like I did to poor Neji…" I winced at the memory. I don't think Neji has forgiven me yet.
"Oh, yeah! That was pretty funny," complimented Naruto. He let go of my wrist. "Now, if I was under a spell, would I be able to call you an unbelievable whore?" He snickered.
I gasped. "NARUTO!! HOW DARE YOU CALL ME THAT!! I'VE NEVER EVEN KISSED A GUY!! Oh, wait, you're not under a spell. And I'm not a whore!"
"You hug every guy in Konaha!" he disagreed.
"That doesn't mean I'm one. If I was a whore, I'd be Ino." (Me: OH!! DISS TO THE INOPIG!)
Naruto laughed really hard. "Oh, my God! Nice one, Hana! You are have always had that sharp tongue."
"I know. It's a gift," I sighed, satisfied. "You still heard me sing. Don't tell me 'Hana, you have such a great voice!'. I DON'T want to hear it. I get it enough from my friends," I added, mumbling.
"But, Hana-chan you do—"
I cut him off. "DON'T say it," I warned coldly. "I DON'T want to hear it. I DON'T have a great voice. I am NOT a talented singer. And I most certainly do NOT have the best voice in the world. I have heard all of the compliments. Don't use any of them." I turned around and headed in the direction of anywhere but there.
"Did you hear the one that says your singing makes me wanna hear more?" Naruto asked.
I stopped short. I felt my cheeks flush. I haven't heard that one. I looked down. "No," I murmured.
"That's what I thought," Naruto chuckled. "Now, can I hear more?"
I shook my head. "No. Not until I have control. You wouldn't hear it if I did anyway."
"Aw, why not?"
"Because I suck!"
"You don't!"
"I do!
"You don't!"
"I do!
"You don't!"
He sighed. "All right. I'll have my opinion and I'll keep it to myself. I'll make ya a deal. I'll keep my mouth shut if you sing when I ask you to." He held out a hand for the sealing of the deal.
I glared at him. "Better not ask me a lot." I shook his hand and sealed the pact.
And that's why that tree is my favorite tree.
Well, it's rather the SPOT that tree. And it's strange because this isn't my favorite memory. I guess it's because it's one of the most important places where I made a memory with Naruto.
Hmmm, Naruto… I miss you so much.
I walked to the edge of town and climbed into the tree. I happily sighed as I sat down on two branches that were close together. My legs were finally given a rest. Thank God. Last time I chase Kuroba-sensei. I finally have a chance to just think for a while.
I let my mind drift to several things, from my sensei to what I wanted to eat at the moment to when I should get out of the tree and leave for home. But, my mind eventually drifted to the thing I hated most to think about - Naruto-kun.
I miss him so much. It seems as if I have this giant void in my fragile heart. He's been gone for two years now and I can't go a day without thinking of his smile or his eyes or just random memories. I ran my fingers through my brown hair. How long is this going to go on?
I contemplated why I missed him so much. Oh right, because I'm head-over-heels in love with him. I felt a pang in my chest and lost my breath. I didn't succumb to admitting why I missed him much. I recognized the feeling and it reminded me of whenever I read romantic scenes. My lungs tickled when I did. But only, this was ten times worse. It was more a stabbing than a tickling. Like it was my heart instead of my lungs.
Maybe if I found some way to get over him… That's it! I will find someone else to replace Naruto! I smiled. Perfect.
I looked down. No one could compare to him though. Even if I did find someone, the void would still be there, I reminded myself. That big, gaping gap that seemed to get even bigger by the week, the day, the hour, the minute, the mere seconds ticking away as a reminder that he is not here, that he maybe would never be. Sadness flooded my mind and filled my eyes, stinging them so that some moisture came from them and rolled down my cheeks, to touch my lips.
I wiped the trail of my tears from my face and sniffled. I took a deep breath to control my emotions. I hardly ever cried, but ever since Naruto left, I became weak and fragile, my heart easily broken into bits. I eventually picked them up and carelessly put they back together, making my heart more fragile than the time before.
I scowled. He didn't care, did he? He didn't care that I would suffer like this. He didn't care. Being my friend, I expected him to realize that I would be heartbroken. But, NO. He LEFT me. He didn't even TRY to look for me. He didn't bother to come to my house to tell me he was leaving. A new emotion submerged me. An even stronger one. Anger. He didn't even contact me! He didn't care about me! He never did, I guess. From the first time I met him he didn't care. From the last second we shared he didn't care. Why would he? I'm no one special. I'm a bad ninja. I'm not smart. In Narrator's eyes, my best quality is that I wasn't in love with Sasuke Uhicha. I smirked sarcastically. Yeah, my best quality.
I went back on the subject of finding a substitute. I pulled out one of my small notepads I kept with me for emergencies. I pursed my lips when I found it empty. Oh, right. I've had writers last two years. I thought of why and couldn't come up with anything. I shrugged and wrote the names of boys I knew.
Rock Lee
Choji… He was a nice guy. Not someone I would want to date though. He's more a distant friend in my opinion. I scribbled his name out.
Shikamaru… He wouldn't get off his lazy ass to date "a spazzy, troublesome woman like me" I quoted. I don't want to date him anyway. He'd make me feel dumber than I actually am. I scribbled his name out so angrily that I ripped the paper.
Neji… Okay, I'll admit. He's a candidate. I guess. Well, I think I'd get bored with his destiny talk. I really get bored with it. And he's mean to Hinata. I scrawled across his name.
Gaara… He was out before he was ever in. I put the pen to the beginning of his name. But then again, he has a portable sandbox on his back. I lifted the pen from the paper. And how COOL would it be to date the Kazekage? I contemplated for a moment but ended up scribbling out his name. He looks like he wears eyeliner.
The last name on the list was Rock Lee's. I winced. Lee is nice and all, but a bit squirrellier then a normal guy should be. But, he was kind of a spazz like Naruto. He just spazzes out about working hard and doing his best. And he's a wanna-be Gai. UGH! I HATE Gai-sensei. But, he was really nice. And he didn't have to really LOVE me, he could think that though. He could be fooled into thinking so. He could be put under a type of spell. He could be put under one of mine. He could be my next siren-singing victim.
I chuckled evilly. I would out under my love spell. Even though it lasted for only three hours, if I kiss him before it ends then it's permanent. I suspected. My mom told me that my great-grandmother could do the love siren singing. She told me great-grandma was a great siren-singer as well. She said not like me though. I had sort of pop-singer's voice while grandmother had the soul of an African American singer's. My grandmother and I were the only singers in the entire family that vocalized instead of copying songs.
"You and your great-grandmother are special, Hana. Remember that. You have the most power in this family, more than me, more than your auntie, more than Yukari, more than anyone," she told me the day I made Neji pass out. "That's why you need to be more careful and I don't care how mad he made you. You shouldn't use it on silly things like that."
I sighed at the memory. That was pretty fun. Learn Neji to steal my candy.
I nodded to myself. I would put Lee under the spell first chance I got.
"Hey, Hana!" I heard someone call from the bottom the tree. The sudden sound caused me to jump, causing me to plummet to the ground.
"Owww," I moaned. "Who's the person that disturbed my thinking process and got me hurt?"
Someone chuckled. A female voice, I recognized. "Me, Hana. TenTen."
"Oh." I looked up. TenTen was looking down at me, trying to suppress her hysterics. "May I help you, TenTen?"
"Hee, yeah. I was wondering if you'd like to come to a picnic," she said. "All the kids our age are coming. It's sort of a little get together. You've been so distant, Hana-chan. I figured it'd well for you to come. You know, get social. Like you were before Naru—"
I raised my eyebrows at her, signaling not to mention that name.
"Right," she muttered. "Anyway, will you come?"
I processed the request in my mind. I figured Lee would be there. "Sure. Why not? I have nothing better to do." This seemed utterly too convenient. I call bad writing! (Me: STFU, Hana! It's MY writing! YOU are not the author! Hana: But, I'M the character! Shouldn't I get a say? Me: NO. Go back to the story!)
She smiled. "Awesome! And we also have a surprise! Can't tell you though. It's a secret." She smiled even wider.
"Tell me the secret!" I demanded. My curiosity got the better of my self-control. It always did.
"Nope! Sorry, Hana-chan! They made me promise!" TenTen giggled.
"You suck!" I whimpered.
"If you want to find out, you have to come," TenTen told me.
"Meh," I murmured. "I'm coming. I think I just told you. Anyway, I'll see you. There'll be food, right? 'Cause I'm starved."
"Of course, there'll be food! Wouldn't be picnic without it!"
"All right, see ya." I waved good-bye and began to walk home.
"It's at six!" She yelled after me.
I checked my watch. 5:30. she decides to tell me now.
I cursed under my breath. I only have fifteen minutes to get ready. Its takes fifteen minutes to get there on foot. On the other hand, if I run, it'd only take ten minutes and I then I'd have twenty minutes. I'd do that.
I counted back from five and after I said one, I sped through the crowds. When the road got too busy, I jumped onto roofs and ran from there.
When I got home, I greeted my mom. But, just as I entered my room, Yukari was shuffling through my clothes.
"Hey! What the hell are doing? Are you going through my clothes?! Why?" I demanded angrily.
"I need something to wear, if you need to know. I figured you wouldn't mind," Yukari said.
"Why MY clothes? Go use your clothes!" I shouted.
"I don't have any good ones," she stated plainly.
"The hell you don't! Get out of my room! And NO you CAN'T borrow my clothes!"
"I don't care! OUT!" I screamed.
"All right, all right. I'm leaving. I'll see you later then." Then she walked out of the room like she was the best thing that ever happened to it.
Bitch, I thought in my head.
I shuffled through my closet trying to find my jacket. When I found it, I threw it in the bed and searched throughout my closet to complete my ensemble.
~Forwarding Time~
When I finished, I was wearing a black long sleeved shirt under my pink one and I was wearing a clean pink and black shirt. The black under shirt covered my midriff. I checked the mirror for my hair. My hair was slightly messed up so I brushed it down and examined myself again. Perfection, I thought.
"Bye, Mom! I'm going to a picnic!" I shouted.
I hear a faint farewell as I headed out the door.
~Forwarding Time to Picnic~
When I got there, I saw everyone who was my age. TenTen and Neji were talking by the punch bowl and Choji was chomping on some chips while he listened to Shikamaru's banter. Sakura and Nami were talking on a blanket that was set up on the ground. Suzunae was unconsciously flirting with Kiba. Daioru was trying to impress Hinata by burping the alphabet. Poor Hinata looked grossed out. I couldn't see Kurai. Maybe she was off somewhere with Deidara..? Most importantly Lee was there, eating some pocky.
"Hey, Lee-kun!" I greeted smiling as best I could.
"Oh, why, hello Hana-chan!" he saluted me after he shoved a pocky stick in his mouth, swallowed and chewed. "What brings you over here?"
"I just wanted to say hi!" I giggled. "Can I have some?" I pointed to the box of pocky.
"Oh, of course, Hana-chan!" He handed the box to me and I took a piece.
"Thanks!" I bit into the delicious stick covered in chocolate. I savored it for a moment and shoved the entire thing into my mouth.
"Um, Lee, can I talk to you alone?" I asked, trying not give away my not thought plan, I just realized at the moment. So, I decided to wing it.
"Uhhh, sure Hana. Is there something wrong?" he asked, trying to be polite.
"No, no. I just wanna… TELL you something," I giggled. I grabbed his hand and began to drag him into the nearby field.
As soon as we reached the field and I was sure no one would hear me sing, I turned and faced Rock Lee.
"What was it you wanted to tell me, Hana?" Lee asked.
"This," I breathed. I sang the sweetest song I managed. Soon, I added my siren singing. I felt my vocal cords morph and became warm. Deep in the back of my mind a voice screamed what are you doing? You promised yourself that you would never use it unless necessary!
This isn't necessary?! I yelled back at my logical part. The part silenced for a moment and continued to yell at me until it eventually lost interest in trying to persuade me.
I continued my song until I saw Lee's entire color part of his eyes turn a bright pink. The song was complete. When I finished, the color dissolved in his eyes and he blinked.
I compressed my lips together in a taut line. "Lee? Rock Lee?" I whispered.
"H-Hana-chan…" he muttered. "H-Hana…" He searched my face. Suddenly his entire face lit up and he pounced at me and wrapped me tightly in his arms. "Hana-chan! My one and only!"
"Err…" I uncomfortably leaned from his embrace. Then, I realized it worked. "Yes!" I whispered.
"What was that, suki*?" he asked me lovingly.
"N-nothing! M-my love!" I stuttered, still shocked from my amazing work! (Me: In case you're wondering about the "my love" part, Hana was playing along. She doesn't mean it.)
"U-uh, s-shall we go back to the picnic?" I asked, still stuttering. My voice felt hoarse. That song took a lot out of me. I shouldn't try it often. Why would you? My selfish part said. You have a new guy. Naruto's gone and he had his chance with you. He let you go. All you did was help yourself get over the pain. It's his entire fault anyway. I nodded to my selfish logic. I couldn't disagree with myself, now could I? (Me: Dude, you just get crazier and crazier by the sentence. Hana: Hey now. I'm you. Meaning you are just as insane. Me: … Shut up T.T)
I took hold of his hand and headed back to the picnic.
His hand didn't feel like it should. Like, it wasn't made for mine.
I believe that when two people's hand are completely one, like the curves and lines are perfectly aligned to fit like two puzzle pieces, they are made for each other. That's because the two hands were meant to hold each other's meaning their owners were meant to be together. Because when you find that perfect hand, you never want to let go. Ever. Like a puzzle, with the last piece, the puzzle is never complete, making it look curtailed. Then, how can you ever show the finished work?
When we got back, everyone turned and looked at us. I chuckled nervously. "Um, Lee, hun, I, uh, I need to, uh, tell my friends something." I smiled sweetly at him.
"Of course, my sweet tart, but don't take long. I need to be near you."
I felt like gagging and laughing for a moment. I nodded mutely to suppress my case of giggles.
I walked over to my friends who were over under a willow and burst out laughing.
"Hey, Hana, wanna tell us the joke?" Kurai asked. Apparently she wasn't off with Deidara.
I gasped and then another flood of giggles came. They waited, looking at me as if I needed to be sent to a mental health hospital.
"Hee, yeah I'll"—giggle—"tell you." I laughed again. "Hee, sorry. Just needed to get it out." I giggled again, this time much shorter. "Okay. Okay, I'm good." I took a deep breath. "All right. I told you guys about the love siren singing thingy, right?"
They nodded.
"Okay and you know about why I've been totally unresponsive?"
They nodded again, becoming impatient.
"All right, good. So, I figured so I thought 'Why not get yourself another guy, Hana?' So, I did! I used siren singing on Lee and it WORKED. Much to my amazement. So, Lee is in love with me and calling me funny nicknames. And that's why I was laughing." I smiled, waiting for their responses.
Kurai blinked, trying to comprehend what I had just said.
Suzunae's jaw dropped to the floor and she gawked at me, most likely thinking you're an idiot, Hana.
Rose face was searching mine, trying to find a hint of humor and lying. She found none.
"You…" Kurai whispered.
"Made…" whimpered Suzunae.
"Lee…" gasped Nami.
"Fall in love with me, yeah," I said. "All right, maybe he wasn't the BEST choice but he's the closest thing to…" I shook my made.
Kurai exchanged a worried look to Zunae and Nami. They gave one back. I saw Nami mouth "I know".
I looked at my friends. "What?" I asked.
"Um, Hana-chan, I'm not sure making Lee fall in love with you is good," Suzunae said gently.
"Well, why not? S'not like anyone else wants me. So, I decided to make my own boyfriend." I shrugged.
"And it's not RIGHT either, Hana. When someone is truly in love with you, they don't need siren singing. It's cheating," Nami lectured.
"Oh, please. Be quiet, Nami. Don't lecture me. You're not my mom," I growled.
"Just sayin' my perspective is all." She held up her hands in defense.
"Hana, I agree. It just doesn't sound right," Kurai agreed. "And 'sides, we had a surprise that is now ruined 'cause of what you did…"
"What damn surprise!? Does everyone at this party know expect me?!" I shouted.
"Guys, maybe we should…" Kurai looked at our friends for advice.
"No, we can't. We SWORE to TenTen we wouldn't. We can't," Nami sighed.
Kurai considered for a short moment. "No. Hana messed up and she'll have to fix her own stupid mistakes. And besides, more drama. I'll go get the popcorn!" Kurai giggled.
"I hate you all," I snarled. (Me: You're so DENSE! I made it completely obvious! Hana: Shut up! I know I am T.T) "I'm going to get some food."
"No, you don't, my sweet dove! For I have already gotten you some!" Lee said, as he pushed a plate of great smelling food in my face.
"Err, thanks, Lee…?" I said, half thankful. I took the plate.
My friends giggled behind me.
"I shall feed you, my delicious flower! You won't lift a finger!" He took the fork in his hand and scooped up some rice. My head backed away as he gestured for me to eat from it.
"Um, Lee, I'll feed myself. It's all right. I got this," I said.
He nodded. "Of course, my precious star! You are the epiphany of independence!" He handed the fork to me.
I set the fork down. "Um, I want an apple. Can you get me one? And peel it. And cut it. Into stars," I said, trying to get him busy so I could talk to my friends again.
I turned back around. My friends burst with uncontrolled laughter.
"Okay, okay. Laugh now, but in a matter of two hours, I'll kiss him and it'll become permanent and he'll really be in love with me. He won't be as…"
"Overprotective?" offered Kurai.
"Overbearing?" Nami suggested.
"Annoying?" Suzunae proposed.
"All of those. He'll be so much better. Right now, he's in the obedient stage. For the three hours, there are three stages: obedient, very romantic, then consider in breaking up. If I kiss him before the last stage is over, he'll be permanently in love."
"Is that what you did to—" Suzunae started to say but Kurai elbowed her in the stomach.
I raised my eyebrows as I saw Kurai whisper in Suzunae's ear.
"Oh, right. Sorry," Suzunae whispered back.
"Gah! What is this big secret?" I demanded.
"Can't say," Kurai said, turning her head, as she glanced at me obliquely and smiled mischievously.
"Grah! You're all mean to poor Hana-chan!" I said, beginning to fake cry melodramatically.
They all rolled their eyes at me.
And so, throughout the two hours of the love process, Lee got more and more annoying by the millisecond. He couldn't go one sentence, ONE sentence, without calling me some ridiculous nickname like "sweet blossom" or "dear heart" or "beautiful dove" or something along those lines. He followed me around like I held him on a leash.
Now, Lee wasn't as overbearing. He was becoming more distant. Now was the hour I had to make my move.
"Lee, can we go somewhere and… talk?" I asked him.
He looked at me. "Um, sure, Hana-chan. Anything for, uh, you," he responded. I could definitely tell it was getting close to wearing off completely.
I sat him down under a willow tree where a picnic blanket was set. Luckily, no one was sitting there.
I looked at him and kept my lips pressed together.
"Are you all right, my perfect angel?" he asked.
"Um, yeah." I looked him in the eye. I felt butterflies go crazy in my stomach. They bounced off the walls and reached my vocal chords so that they were blocked.
I saw Rock Lee's head lean closer.
Okay, now I was freaking out. I didn't have much time to think. His lip got closer by the second. I blush deep blush color my cheeks. I shut my eyes. I had no more time!
"Hey, Hana! Here's your surprise! It's Naruto… Hoshit…" TenTen voice trailed off. I looked back, breaking the intense moment.
"H-Hana-chan…" Naruto whispered, his voice cracking at the end.
"N-Naruto! Y-you're back!" I exclaimed.
TenTen gawked at us both.
"Er, I didn't know about any relationship between them, I swear," TenTen said.
"N-Naruto, I swear it's not what it looks like!" I said.
I snapped my fingers in front of Rock Lee's face and the pink lit up in his eyes again for an instant and disappeared just as fast. Then he fell unconscious.
"Sure, it is, Hana. And to think I came back to tell you something very important. But, I guess, now it doesn't matter," Naruto said, sniffling, his voice cracking at different parts. And then, he ran off back to the village.
"Naruto!" I called. But, it was useless. He was already too far.
Then, Rock Lee woke up. "Oh, I had the strangest dream. I was in love with Hana-chan."
Everyone looked at me. "Explain later! Right now, I have something more important to do."
Then, I sped off after him.
If I knew Naruto as well I thought I did, he'd be in THE tree. You know, the tree, I told you a story about. All right, scroll back up if you don't remember. Okay, you're done? Or do you know what I'm talking about? All right, good. Now, ON WITH THE STORY!
I dashed to the edge of town. I walked to the tree and heard faint sounds of crying.
"N-Naruto? A-are you up there?" I asked.
The faint crying stopped. "W-why do y-you c-care? I thought you were in love with L-Lee," he sniffled.
"I-I'm not," I answered. He looked down at me (I was at the bottom of the tree).
"Then, why were you going to kiss him?!" he demanded, on the verge of crying again.
"I… I put a love spell on him. While you were g-g-gone, I practiced to keep myself busy. And siren singing was one of them," I answered. I looked down, tearing away from his blue-eyed gaze.
"So, you decided 'Hey, since I like Bushy Brow, I'm gonna put some stupid love spell on him and make out with him'," he said sarcastically.
"I wasn't thinking that." I looked back up at him. "I was trying to get over you. It killed me inside that you left and I thought if I got another guy to take your place…"
I sighed, fighting off tears. "It doesn't matter now. I'm sure you won't forgive me. I'm sorry though." He broke from my gaze stared at some tree branches. I assumed I was right. "Well, I said what I wanted to say. I-I just gonna go now. I hope you can forgive me someday. But, I wonder why you care who I date." I stopped myself. "Never mind. I'm leaving. Bye, Naruto-kun. I'm sorry." And with that I began to walk away.
I looked down. I wasn't expecting him to forgive me. I wouldn't if I were him. But the question that puzzled me most was "Why does he even CARE?"
I heard the soft sound of something falling on the ground but I continued walking. Then, I felt something tug on my wrist, twist me around and crash their lips into mine.
The kiss was soft and eager. I, being in a state of total shock, didn't kiss back. (Me: *nod, nod* I woulda done that too. Someone randomly kisses. Imagine that. Hana: I know. It was kinda creepy. It could've been some old man! Lizzie: All right, are you two talkers done?! Get on with the story, Kelley! Me: Goodness me, you're bossy too.)
The person who kissed me released me. I was blushing a deep, deep red. I realized that the person who kissed me was Naruto! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39059 | Kurt doesn't like this one bit.
He is currently pinned to his bed by Finn Hudson, and it is starting to get very uncomfortable.
It had started about an hour ago, at 5-freaking-AM. Finn had started moaning in his sleep, which woke Kurt up. He impatiently asked just what was the problem, and next thing he knows? Finn's in his bed, hugging him from behind, pressing his face into his neck.
And it is so awkward that Kurt wishes that awkwardness was fatal so he can just die and get it over with.
He tries asking Finn to please move, but the other boy makes whimpering noises that clearly mean no. He tries wriggling free, but Finn just holds on tighter. He even tried humming the entirety of Lady Gaga's album 'Fame Monster' (because he knows there's only so much Gaga Finn can take), but Finn just started sleepily humming Journey to block him out.
So Kurt resigned himself to the fact that Finn Hudson is going to force him to spoon and not explain why.
He figures out what the problem is eventually. Finn's forehead - which is pressed against the nape of his neck - is sweaty and starts sticking. It gets uncomfortably hot quickly, and it doesn't help when Kurt kicks off the covers. Finn's breathing is a little too fast, and he sounds a little bit too wheezy to be considered normal.
He's obviously picked up some form of the flu.
And it doesn't help that Finn fell back to sleep and rolled over so he was practically on top of Kurt.
He's debating whether or not to just smack the other boy and be done with it when Burt comes down the stairs.
"Oh," he's obviously taken aback by the sight of Finn drooling all over Kurt's shoulder, arms still wrapped around him tightly. "What's going on here?"
"He's got the flu," Kurt's annoyed tone tells his dad that he's not happy about the current arrangement. "He decided it would be a brilliant idea to start moaning at 5 AM then, when I asked what the problem was, he climbed in here with me and wouldn't get off."
"Oh boy," Burt comes over, putting his hands on Finn's shoulders and pulling, saying, "Up you get, Finn. Come on, you need to get up."
Finn just moans some more and holds on tighter.
"Come on," Burt's still coaxing the boy, obviously convinced that it will work. Kurt just glowers at the pair of them. "Time to get up. We'll get you a nice hot breakfast and some medicine, then you can go right back to sleep. Come on, now."
Kurt's a bit more blunt. He slaps Finn on the leg, pulling himself out of the other's embrace and full out running to the other side of the room.
"Kurt!" Burt obviously doesn't approve of this I-need-to-wake-up-Finn-Hudson method, but Kurt doesn't care. Finn's moaning again, holding his head and sitting up slowly, mumbling, "Whasgoinon? My leg hurts." He then moves his hand from his head to his leg.
"You're sick," Burt explains gently. "We need to get you some food and some medicine. Can you walk okay?"
"I wanna teddy bear," Finn says suddenly. "I wanna big, cuddly teddy bear." And he promptly stands up and gives Burt a big hug. "You feel like a teddy bear."
"Is delirium a side effect of the flu?" Kurt asks from his spot at the other side of the room, trying not to laugh.
They manage to get Finn up the stairs and sitting at the kitchen table. He wakes up once he's eaten, but unfortunately that means he's aware that he's sick. He lets his head drop to rest in his arms, making pitiful noises that make Kurt want to both hug him and slap him.
"Here's some medicine," Burt slides the bottle across the table, and Finn looks blearily up at it. He stands up, walks over to Burt, and says, "Thank you," in a very solemn voice, and gives the man another hug. This time it's short and he doesn't call him a teddy bear, thank God.
They put Finn back to bed once he's had his medicine. Both of them mean to go about their business - quite literally in Burt's case - but Finn reaches out and grabs both of their hands, asking, "Will you sit with me?" His eyes are wide and look eerily similar to Miss Pillsbury's, but on Finn they actually work. Before Kurt knows what's going on, he's sitting next to Finn, letting the bigger boy lean back against his chest and running his fingers through his hair. Finn's tracing Kurt's other palm in a way a palm reader would, and Kurt can't help but think about how three months ago he would have given anything to be in this exact situation.
"My mom always sits with me when I'm sick," Finn explains, speaking softly. "She's good at taking care of me. I guess that's why she's a mom." Kurt chuckles softly, trying not to make his chest move too much because Finn's head is still resting against it.
"You're good at this too," Finn tells him. "I like it when you play with my hair."
That medicine must not have been non-drowsy, Kurt decides.
When Finn falls back to sleep, he kind of slumps over, almost resting in Kurt's lap. Kurt moves away slowly, repositioning him so that he's resting comfortably with his head on the pillow. Then he goes upstairs, deciding that since he's got the house to himself, he's going to have a movie-musical party for one.
He's halfway through West Side Story when Finn trudges back upstairs, whining, "Kuuuuurt... where'd you go?"
Kurt giggles, then calls, "In the family room!"
Finn hops onto the sofa right next to him, grinning and asks, "What'cha watching?"
"West Side Story," Kurt smiles.
"What's it about?" Finn settles himself onto the sofa properly, leaning his head against Kurt's arm.
"It's about two rival gangs in New York City, the Sharks and the Jets," Kurt explains. "Maria, the sister of the Sharks' leader, falls in love with Tony, who's best friends with the Jets' leader. The two of them have a secret love affair and try to bring peace between the two gangs."
"Then why are they singing?" Finn asks, giggling. "That's just silly!"
"It's a musical," Kurt's wondering if the medicine made Finn go loopy too. But Finn doesn't ask any more silly questions, he just wraps an arm around Kurt's waist and stays like that. It's a little weird, but Kurt figures it's not that big of a deal, seeing how all he's doing is watching a movie.
They sit like that until the movie ends. Finn jumps up, pulling Kurt with him and sets one hand on his waist.
"Come on, let's dance like they did in the movie!" he says, starting to lead Kurt around the room. It does not resemble a mambo in any way, but Kurt doesn't really mind this either. It's fun and silly and the kind of things brothers do when they're goofing off, right?
They stop when Finn decides he's dizzy and wants to sit back down. Instead, Finn lies down, resting his head in Kurt's lap and asking, "Can I sleep on you? You're comfy."
Three days pass just like this, with Finn cuddling with Kurt in bed when he's just conscious enough to move, but not enough to realize what he's doing. The medicine makes him sleepy, then makes him act silly, so Finn spends half his time asking Kurt to sit with him and play with his hair and the other half of his time building forts out of cushions and trying to bake cookies and having sword fights with paper towel tubes. He asks to re-watch West Side Story a lot, too.
When Carole comes home at the end of those three days, she comes home to see Burt and Kurt sitting on the sofa watching West Side Story with Finn sleeping on both of their laps. Kurt is playing with Finn's hair while Burt looks like he's not sure what to do with his hands. Carole just shakes her head and says, "He's sick, isn't he? Has he called you a teddy bear yet?"
She laughs when Burt says yes. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39060 | Holy crap, I never thought I'd actually write 100 Jogan drabbles. O.O Thank you all so much for your reviews and favorites and story alerts, and thank you for being so supportive and kind in everything.
Special thanks to Caitlin, my best friend who found the list in the first place and started writing 100 drabbles for Rane. You can find that here: .net/s/6985296/1/Double_Ranebows (add in the beginning part of the ff . net url). I win. :)
CP Coulter owns Julian and Logan and Dalton.
You can find me on tumblr as flightofdeathfrench. If I continue to write drabbles, I'll post them there.
Thank you so much for reading!
Drabble 100
On the last day of your life, you're sitting somewhere in a nice chair, maybe by a lake, and the sun is setting in the sky and you get this feeling, this feeling that you're going to die. And for a second you're panicked, it seizes you, and tears at you and you're afraid.
But then it passes and you think of days.
All the days accumulating into weeks and then months and then years and before you know it you're seeing your life, it's flashing before your eyes and you're smiling.
The day you told him you loved him.
The day you held his hand.
The day you kissed him.
The day you slept with him in your arms for the first time.
The day you married him.
The day you brought home your son.
The day your son spoke his first words and you both looked at each other and grinned.
The day you came home from work exhausted and he wrapped you up in a blanket and made you hot chocolate.
The day you cried and he held you.
The day you held him while he cried.
The day you were sick and he kissed you anyway.
The day your son graduated from high school and you both cried.
The day you brought him flowers for no reason other than that you love him.
The day you made him his favorite dinner just because.
The day you went on a boat ride on the Seine in Paris just the two of you for your fiftieth wedding anniversary.
The days you loved him.
All the days, every day, so many of them, all laced together with one thread – love.
You loved him and he loved you and those were the days that you remember as you sit by the lake at sunset.
You turn to him and you tell him that you love him, and he replies that he loves you too.
You tell him that you're going to die soon, and he says that makes him very sad.
You tell him that it's okay because you loved him every day.
And he says the same about you.
And then you and he, both of the Larson-Wrights, you both hold hands in the sunset on the last day of your life. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39062 | Let Your Heart Guide You
Space. The pitch-blackness, the silence, the harsh cold, the unforgiving deadness. An environment unfriendly to anything living, to be sure. This is where our story begins. One could argue that the forging of the true, deep, undying friendship of Littlefoot and Fyn began here, in this most inhospitable of environments, with the start of a single event- an event which triggered the greatest catastrophe, and possibly the most trying times the Great Valley ever knew. It started out small, almost insignificant, but gradually grew, as all things do, into the problem that would soon face the Great Valley.
The sequence of events started with a collision: two chunks of space-rock colliding on their paths through the galaxy smashed together silently, but with a magnificent visual display nonetheless- if anyone had been around to see it. When the rock behemoths crashed together, chunks of rock spewed out in all directions with fantastic speed, unhindered by any force, but guided by their own inertia. It was one such fragment- one the size of a small mountain- which, because of this collision, sped off on a new course.
This chunk of rock flew on through space, diverting slightly when it hit other debris, but mostly staying true to its original course. It was inanimate, cold, unfeeling, unable to realize the potential destruction it could bring, or the three lives it would directly impact. Its time had not come yet, but very soon, this seemingly insignificant speck in the cosmos would set in motion a massive chain of events on a small planet only a few million years old, in one location in particular.
The planet was our own; its inhabitants at the time were dinosaurs.
And the location was a place- a paradise- known as the Great Valley.
I do what I want!
Yes, I just released the prologue for my next story, and yes, it was kind of a mean thing to do, but I had to do something while I was just sitting here in an empty house waiting to catch my plane for USAFA. Anyway, I do believe this is the first time I started a story in outer space. Pretty fun take, if I do say so myself. Also, I tended to use modern terms in the beginning, just to try something new (plus, how many times can you say "flying rock" before it just gets old? Trust me, that term will be used plenty in time). At any rate, I will get back to this as soon as I get a bit of sanity back after BCT. Until then, wish me luck.
By the way, this is a Littlefoot and Fyn fic. You can't put "OC" down as a featured character, so I had to make do with monsieur Littlefoot. Also, this story's going to be much longer than my others, so don't expect the action to happen immediately. I'm shooting for "small book" length on this one.
See you in six weeks, and may the Bright Circle always guide your path! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39064 | Dancing and Donuts
By Lady of Spain
Disclaimer: S. Meyer owns Twilight
A/N: This little one shot took first place at the How Do I Love Thee Valentine Contest at Jacob Black N Pack.
Leah walked into Seth's bedroom, and looked over his broad shoulder. "Oh, that's beautiful. So, that's what you've been working on!"
Seth held up the watercolor painting of his recent crush, Denise Begay. "Do you think she'll like it?"
"Like it, she'll love it!"
He hoped so; he'd slaved over it this whole week. He planned to give her the portrait this Friday, on Valentine's Day. Denise had invited him to come to her house and watch—what else—Valentine's Day on her TV. Her parents would be gone and he'd have her all to himself. Just think, the girl, the couch, popcorn and the darkened living room. It all added up to a nice romantic evening.
It was Friday and he had shaved, showered, dressed and was out the door. As he drove up to her house, he couldn't help but notice a familiar car in her driveway. He had barely gone halfway to the entrance of her house, when she stepped outside her door.
"Gosh, Seth, I'm so sorry. Can we do this some other day? Bobby dropped by unexpectedly, and I invited him to stay. You understand don't you?"
He understood all right. Bobby Davis was the quarterback of the High School football team. Looked like he'd be the one to score tonight, and Seth would be sidelined. Maybe he should object and tell her they had a date tonight. Hey, I had first dibs. Tell that other guy to beat it! But of course Seth was too darned nice to do that, so he just stepped away, holding the portrait behind his back.
"Sure, no problem." It was a problem, a big problem. If he didn't care about making a fool of himself, he'd sit on her doorstep and bawl.
She quickly hurried inside. He heard them both giggling as she closed the door. Dejectedly, he walked over to a trash can parked on the curb and chucked the portrait inside. His heart was crushed. How could she do that to him? Valentine's Day—what a joke!
It was just a day like any other day, he told himself, but jeez, he had looked forward to this now for two whole weeks. He drove around aimlessly and finally arrived at a donut shop. He bought three chocolate covered crème filled and went back at his home. Please don't anyone see me—all dressed up and no place to go. Ha—that was a laugh. There was no one left to see him. All the other pack mates were out having fun—well except for Leah. She hated Valentine's Day. It reminded her of he who shall not be named. Even his mom was out tonight, probably having a good time with Charlie.
Sighing, and holding the bag of donuts, he trudged into the house. Leah was in the kitchen, sitting in a chair, quietly peeling an orange.
She looked at him, confused. "I thought you were going to spend some time at Denise's."
"She had other plans, apparently."
Leah put down the orange on her plate and walked to the sink, washing the sticky juice from her hands. "Well, what happened? Did she forget?"
Seth plopped down on a chair and slid the bag across the table. "No, she just found a better guy to be with."
She put her arms around her brother's shoulders and kissed his cheek. "Don't say that. There is no one on this entire rez that's better than you are. And I'll beat the sh** outta anyone who says anything different. That girl's an idiot."
"Thanks, Leah, but you're my sister. You have to say that."
"I don't havta say a word. Anyway it's the damn truth, and if she doesn't see what a great guy you are then she doesn't deserve you. Now ... what's in the bag?"
"I bought us some donuts, one for you, one for me and one for Mom."
Leah pushed her face right into Seth's. "See what I mean? You're so giving. Who else would bring me a donut?"
He couldn't help smiling.
Looking in the bag, she licked her lips, "Chocolate cream filled—my favorite. And here I thought I'd be eating an orange on Valentine's Day." She took the plate with the orange and shoved it in the fridge. "Save that for later."
Leah put on some music, and with the lights turned down, danced with her tall, handsome brother. They twirled around the room, and he dipped her, once or twice. His heartache melted away as he heard her laughter. He was glad she was his sister, and especially today of all days.
They sat together on the couch, eating their donuts and watching a movie called, The Man in the Moon.
"Hey, Leah?"
Blushing in embarrassment, he stammered, "Would you think it was stupid if I asked you to be my Valentine?"
"I'll always be your Valentine. Lovers may come and go, but a sister is yours forever. I love you Seth."
He suddenly sprang up from the couch. "Oh, wait ... I almost forgot. I have something special for you."
He went into his room and returned with a flat sheet of watercolor paper. It was a portrait he had painted of Leah in the previous three days. Tears filled her eyes as she gazed at the perfect likeness. She couldn't speak; the lump in her throat was preventing the formation of words—not that any words could ever convey her feelings at that moment.
He stood with his hands in his pockets beaming at her. "Happy Valentine's Day, Sis."
Seth helped her frame the portrait on the following day. That very painting adorned Leah's room, and later, the wall of her own home. It was a reminder of the time she spent with the sweetest, handsomest, most caring man in La Push, on that particular day. He would forever hold a place in her heart as her Valentine. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39067 | French Language and Literature
A truly international language, French is spoken in 53 countries by nearly 200 million speakers. A thorough knowledge of French language and Francophone cultures opens opportunities to students who will live and work in an increasingly global society. French is part of the arts and humanities discipline in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences.
Related Majors, Minors, and Concentrations
Related fields include other languages, anthropology, political science, fine arts and art history.
What can I expect to learn in the French Language and Literature program at GW?
French courses at GW cover a variety of topics including poetry and literature, music, cinema, history, politics and the media, as well as all aspects of language learning. Upper-level courses focus on literature and culture and refine writing and analytical skills.
What is the French Language and Literature community like at GW?
GW and Washington, D.C., are ideal locations for learning about French and Francophone cultures. From the University’s active French Club, French film series and Foreign Language Coffee Hour to concerts and plays at the French Embassy and presentations on French art at the Smithsonian, opportunities abound.
What can I do in the French Language and Literature field?
French majors and minors go on to careers in a number of fields, including education, politics, journalism, publishing, law and business. They also may pursue positions with the U.S. State Department, nongovernmental organizations, the United Nations and other international organizations.
Semesters Abroad
Through partnerships with universities in France and French-speaking countries, the program prepares students for what many consider a highlight of their college education: a semester or year of study abroad.
Admissions Blog
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39068 | HSPH and Harvard Facilities
Below is a list of some of the school’s and university’s facilities that may be of interest to HSPH academic appointees. Please note that additional information is available at HARVie, which is a PIN-enabled site.
Athletics, Harvard University
Credit Union, Harvard University
International Office, Harvard University
Countway Library
(Longwood Medical Area)
Other Harvard Libraries
Museums, Harvard University
News and Publications, HSPH
Office of Work and Family (Longwood Medical Area)
Ombuds Office (Longwood Medical Area) |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39072 | Unit 19: Day 2, Alma 36
Book of Mormon Study Guide for Home-Study Seminary Students, (2012), 188–91
After Alma returned from his mission to the Zoramites, he gathered together his three sons and gave individual counsel to each one (see Alma 35:16). His counsel to Helaman is recorded in Alma 36–37, his counsel to Shiblon is recorded in Alma 38, and his counsel to Corianton is recorded in Alma 39–42. Alma testified to Helaman that God will deliver those who put their trust in Him. To illustrate this truth, Alma described how he had been delivered from the pain of his sins many years earlier. After calling on the name of Jesus Christ, he had been born of God and filled with joy. He had then labored to bring others to Jesus Christ.
Alma 36:1–5
Alma teaches his son Helaman about God’s power to support us in our trials
Ponder how the testimony or a particular teaching of a family member, friend, or Church leader has blessed your life.
Read Alma 36:1–5, and imagine yourself in Helaman’s position as he listened to his father’s testimony. What did Alma want Helaman to remember? (See verse 2.) What did Alma want Helaman to learn from him? (See verse 3.)
Write the following principle in your scriptures next to Alma 36:3: When we put our trust in God, He supports us in all our trials and afflictions. Think of a time when you had a trial in your life. In the space provided, write a few ways in which God helped and supported you during that time. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alma 36:6–22
Alma describes his rebellion and explains how he received forgiveness
The Conversion of Alma
Alma described to his son Helaman how God had delivered him from the pain of his sins. Read Alma 36:6–10, and review what happened to Alma in his youth as he went about with the sons of Mosiah seeking to destroy the Church.
In the Book of Mormon there are three accounts of the angel visiting Alma and the sons of Mosiah. Alma 36 contains the most detailed account of what Alma experienced during the three days and nights when he was unable to move or talk. (To read the other accounts, see Mosiah 27 and Alma 38.) Read Alma 36:11–16, and mark words or phrases that Alma used to describe the fear or pain he experienced after the angel appeared.
President Boyd K. Packer of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles helped us understand what racked and harrowed up mean:
President Boyd K. Packer
Racked means ‘tortured.’ Anciently a rack was a framework on which the victim was laid with each ankle and wrist tied to a spindle which could then be turned to cause unbearable pain.
“A harrow is a frame with spikes through it. When pulled across the ground, it rips and tears into the soil. The scriptures frequently speak of souls and minds being ‘harrowed up’ with guilt” (“The Touch of the Master’s Hand,” Ensign, May 2001, 23).
1. journal icon1.
In your scripture study journal, write why you think Alma used such strong words to describe how he felt. Also write how these words describe the guilt and pain of a person who has sinned and not repented.
You may want to write the following truth in your scriptures near Alma 36:11–16: Sin can lead to pain and regret.
Read Alma 36:17–18, and look for what Alma remembered his father prophesying about. Notice what Alma did when he remembered what his father had taught him.
Elder Jeffrey R. Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles gave the following insight into Alma’s experience: “Alma had been touched by the teaching of his father, but it is particularly important that the prophecy he remembered was one regarding ‘the coming of one Jesus Christ, a Son of God, to atone for the sins of the world.’ (Alma 36:17.) That is the name and that is the message that every person must hear. Alma heard it, and he cried out from the anguish of a hell that kept burning and a conscience that wouldn’t heal. ‘O Jesus, thou Son of God, have mercy on me.’ (Alma 36:18.) … Whatever other prayers we offer, whatever other needs we have, all somehow depends on that plea: ‘O Jesus, thou Son of God, have mercy on me.’ He is prepared to provide that mercy. He paid with his very life in order to give it” (However Long and Hard the Road [1985], 85).
1. journal icon2.
Think back on a time when you have prayed to receive the blessings of the Atonement of Jesus Christ, including the blessing of forgiveness for a sin. In your scripture study journal, write why you think it is important to ask the Lord for the blessings of the Atonement in your life.
2. journal icon3.
Read Alma 36:19–22, and mark words and phrases that describe how Alma changed after he prayed for mercy. Write some of these words and phrases in your scripture study journal, and explain what they teach you about the power of the Savior’s Atonement.
Jesus the Christ
From these scriptures we learn this principle: If we exercise faith in the Atonement of Jesus Christ, then He will deliver us from the pain of our sins and fill us with joy. Ponder what you can do to exercise more faith in Jesus Christ so that, like Alma, you can be delivered from feelings of pain or remorse for your sins.
Read the following situation, and consider how you might respond: A friend who has been reading the Book of Mormon asks you for help in understanding Alma’s words in Alma 36:19. Your friend asks, “If I can remember my sins and still feel sorry for them, does it mean I haven’t been forgiven?”
Read the following explanation from President Dieter F. Uchtdorf of the First Presidency, and underline any phrases you believe would be helpful to your friend:
“It is our responsibility to avoid anything that would bring back old sinful memories. When we continue to have a ‘broken heart and a contrite spirit’ (3 Nephi 12:19), we may trust that God will ‘remember [our sins] no more’ [D&C 58:42]” (“Point of Safe Return,” Ensign or Liahona, May 2007, 101).
It is also important to note that Alma did not say that he remembered his sins no more but that he remembered the pain of his sins no more, and he was no longer “harrowed up” by their memory (Alma 36:19). True repentance will cause the pain and guilt of sin to be swept away (see Enos 1:6–8).
1. journal icon4.
In your scripture study journal, write an answer to the friend mentioned above, and use insights you gained from President Uchtdorf’s explanation. Include in your answer why you think it is a blessing that we still remember our sins, even though we may not be “harrowed up by the memory of [our] sins” (Alma 36:19) after our repentance.
Alma 36:23–30
Alma explains why he labors continually to bring others to repentance
How do you feel when you share delicious food with a friend? When you receive an exciting piece of news, what is the first thing you want to do? Why do you think most people have an almost instant desire to share what they have heard with someone else? Read Alma 36:23–24, and look for how the feelings described in these questions relate to Alma’s experience following his conversion. What did Alma want other people to experience?
Read Alma 36:25–26, and identify how Alma’s efforts to teach the gospel affected him and others. Complete the following principle, based on what you have learned about sharing the gospel from these verses: As we share the gospel with others, we receive ____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
1. journal icon5.
Write your completed principle statement in your scripture study journal, and explain why you believe this principle is true. As part of your explanation, you may want to include experiences you have had with feeling joy from sharing the gospel with others.
Think of someone you know—a friend, family member, or ward or branch member—who might benefit from your testimony of the Savior and His restored gospel. Ponder how you might share with this person your testimony of how Jesus Christ is able to deliver us from pain and fill us with joy. You may want to consider writing a letter or e-mail to this person, or you may want to write a few notes to prepare for a specific time when you will speak with the person.
1. journal icon6.
I have studied Alma 36 and completed this lesson on (date).
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39096 | FROC2010 Abstract Whaley
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The Presentation: "Effectively marketing security as a win for both the business and the customer"
Despite heavily publicized security breaches and expansive industry regulations, security issues in modern web applications are often secondary to feature enhancements and customer service requests. Capturing developer and management attention is more a marketing problem than a technical discussion. If only security could be promoted as a feature for the customer, a direct avenue to new sales, perhaps the business would sit up and pay attention. Jeff Smith and Ben Whaley, senior resources at Rally Software and Applied Trust, respectively, developed an architectural security model for a large-scale next generation web application. Focusing on modern development practices for a Java and Oracle-based stack, the model captures security considerations within each module of the application. The security tenets were categorized and presented in a aesthetically-pleasing infographic format for consumption by developers, management and customers alike. As the application matures and grows, the model is updated to include new modules and the associated security requirements. The net result for Rally Software is a security conscious development team, engaged management, and easy answers to tough security questions from risk-adverse customers.
The Speakers: Ben Whaley and Jeff Smith
Ben Whaley
Ben Whaley is the Director of Enterprise Architecture at AppliedTrust, focusing on enterprise architecture, application security, UNIX and Linux systems, and performance tuning. Ben is a co-author of the UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th edition, and has contributed articles to (IN)SECURE Magazine and He has worked extensively in the health care, government, and private sectors. Ben holds a B.S. in Computer Science from CU Boulder, and is a PCI Qualified Security Assessor, CISSP, and RHCE.
Jeff Smith
Jeff is a Development Manager at Rally Software and has been developing software using agile methods for 10 years. Jeff has been developing software for the web since 1995 and specializing in Java/J2EE systems for most of that. Jeff holds a B.S. in Computer Information Systems from Indiana University.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39097 | Owasp.Org To-Do list
Jump to: navigation, search
This page contains list of to-dos (from action points to ideas) on the owasp.org website (note that this is not about content but about structure)
• Create a Firefox plug-in for searching Owasp.org. Dinis.cruz
• create a Downloadable 'Offline copy' of the Owasp.org site. Dinis.cruz
• Allow the upload of *.zip files so that don't have to rename them *.ppt :) Eric
• Add a 'Google owasp.org' search feature since the current Wiki Search sucks. Laurence Casey |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39102 | Public sector intelligent integration roundtable
Enterprise decision management driven by Red Hat JBoss Middleware
Join Red Hat and Vizuri for a roundtable discussion and demonstration of real use case examples and competitive advantages of business process automation driven by Red Hat® JBoss® BRMS and Red Hat JBoss SOA Platform.
Automating complex business rules and processes can provide your business with a competitive advantage. Businesses today must respond to change, opportunities, and threats more rapidly than ever before.
Red Hat JBoss BRMS reduces the complexity with business rule automation by removing decision logic from program code. This allows business analysts and project owners to rapidly adapt to changing regulations, customer trends, market opportunities and threats by updating IT deployments with new/modified business rules. JBoss BRMS complements the Red Hat JBoss SOA Platform to provide a simple, open, and affordable foundation to integrate business services, events and business process automation.
Learn more
Register for this event.
Learn more about this event.
Date: May 22, 2013
- May 22, 2013
Location: Arlington ,VA
Venue: Arlington Hilton
Country: United States
Language: English |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39103 |
Re: Fedora Freedom and linux-libre
On Jun 8, 2008, David Woodhouse <dwmw2 infradead org> wrote:
> That's nothing special -- it's just the same as we should always be
> vigilant for someone slipping non-GPL'd _code_ into the kernel.
> Should we just give up, just because people slip up occasionally?
Certainly not. But unfortunately it's not just the same.
Slipping non-GPL code into the kernel would be a license violation.
Legal issues tend to carry a lot more weight than "weaker" policy
mandates (*)
But what I'm more concerned about has nothing to do with copyright
infringement. It has to do with respecting the 4 essential freedoms.
Not just firmware. Drivers developed under conditions that deny users
the ability to study the source code, understand it, and adapt it to
their own needs do not respect freedom #1, even if they are perfectly
compliant with the GPL. And I very much doubt think anyone would
succeed in removing from, or preventing the addition of drivers to,
Linux just because documentation is unavailable and the source code is
If most head Linux developers go to such great lengths to find and
wield excuses (*) to justify and defend the addition of code that is
so obviously obfuscated and disrespectful of users' 4 essential
freedoms (blobs), why would NDA-obscured drivers get treated any more
This is not a case of slipping up. Those are easy to fix, if policies
were taken seriously. This is (tacit or explicit) policy based on
priorities, "corporate culture", and values held within the team that
develops the software.
Same thing here in Fedora. How can the policy to make an exception
and accept some non-Free software "because it's essential to some
users" make sense when other pieces of software that are just are
non-Free and just as allegedly essential are banished on the grounds
of being non-Free? "But it runs on a separate processor" doesn't even
begin to relate with the alleged reasons of their being essential.
(*) I wouldn't qualify the distribution of blobs in the Linux kernel
as a legal risk these days, and my guess is that this is the sort of
opinion that Linus got when he asked his lawyers about it. Consider
this: (i) who could possibly claim infringement, and (ii) what would
the consequences be?
(i) copyright holders of Linux and of the blobs
(ii) automatic termination of the license for everyone who has ever
distributed the infringing version
So, you see, why would a Linux copyright holder push the button if the
mass destruction would take themselves down just like everyone else?
At this point, given the tacit and vocal acceptance of this kind of
code in the kernel, it would even be hard to defend a claim of
secondary liability for induction to infringement by the parties who
contributed the code to Linux, or by the parties who accepted it.
Now, why would any of the copyright holders of the blobs push the
button if the result would be the removal of the code that quite
likely they contributed themselves in order to support the hardware
they sell? That would be little more than FUD and sabotaging.
So, no, I don't see any material legal risks in distributing non-Free
Linux as it stands today, but this doesn't mean it's permitted by the
license or by copyright law. As I stated before, it's a moral,
ethical and social issue, even if it's also a negligible legal issue.
Alexandre Oliva http://www.lsd.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/
Free Software Evangelist oliva {lsd ic unicamp br, gnu.org}
Red Hat Compiler Engineer aoliva {redhat com, gcc.gnu.org}
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39137 | More Recipes Like Korean Tofu and Vegetable Soup - All Recipes
Photo of: Hot and Sour Soup with Tofu
Hot and Sour Soup with Tofu
Submitted by: Ann Satler
Tofu can be a delicious and low-fat source of protein when prepared properly, and this soup recipe is a great way to introduce it to your family. Sesame oil and water chestnuts make this soup especially tasty.
Photo of: Korean Bean Curd (Miso) Soup
Korean Bean Curd (Miso) Soup
Submitted by: Esther
Photo of: Cheesy Vegetable Soup II
Cheesy Vegetable Soup II
Submitted by: c_goddess
Canned condensed cheese soup and cheddar or Colby cheeses are used in this soup with carrots, mushrooms, corn, peas and broccoli florets.
Photo of: Vegetable Cheese Soup II
Vegetable Cheese Soup II
Submitted by: JARRELL
Photo of: Vegetable Cheesy Soup
Vegetable Cheesy Soup
Submitted by: Lou Colden
Photo of: Vegetable Soup I
Vegetable Soup I
Photo of: Fat-Free Vegetable Soup
Fat-Free Vegetable Soup
Submitted by: William Anatooskin
This healthy soup is loaded with flavor and nutritious vegetables! Green bell peppers, cabbage, and cauliflower figure prominently in this ambrosial dish.
Photo of: Chinese Shrimp and Tofu Soup
Chinese Shrimp and Tofu Soup
Submitted by: erni
Home Town: Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Living In: Reseda, California, USA
Photo of: Beefy Vegetable Soup
Beefy Vegetable Soup
Submitted by: Lalena
Photo of: Colene's Easy Tomato Vegetable Soup
Colene's Easy Tomato Vegetable Soup
Submitted by: Jessica S.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39142 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
My Galaxy Tab P1000 just hung up, at a point where the power button is not responding. Is there a way to force the devise to shutdown immediately?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
There is no "force shutdown" as far as I know, but you can force a reboot by holding down the power button for about 15 seconds.
share|improve this answer
Confirmed that this also works for the Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0. – louielouie Apr 29 '12 at 7:23
add comment
No force shutdown for galaxy tab, but you can use this trick.
1. Plug the charger into your galaxy tab.
2. Hold down power button for 10 seconds, and wait to reboot.
3. After that, the screen will be change with charging battery.
4. Plug off your tab, and it will be shutdown.
share|improve this answer
This should be chosen as answer because it really does what the asker wants. I can confirm it works on Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 P5100 – Cleric Sep 19 '13 at 16:51
add comment
protected by Community Mar 31 '13 at 19:01
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39143 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
This question already has an answer here:
For some reasons, the iPhone 4 does not talk to iTunes and I need to transfer the contacts from this to the new Samsung Android phone either Samsung Galaxy 3 or Note 2.
How can I do it?
share|improve this question
Can you export your contact data to .vcf (VCard) format on your iFhone, and get that .vcf file to your Android device? – Izzy Oct 1 '12 at 8:57
Does it have something like "Send contacts via Bluetooth"? or send by message? I remember my old dumb phones used to have these features. So, iphone (as a modern dumbphone) shouldn't have them?!! – yrajabi Oct 1 '12 at 9:03
Apple believes that ones you use iPhone you won't move to any other platform. I read this while I had to transfer contacts to Nokia dumb phone for one of my relative's iPhone. There are few 3rd party software that can extract contacts out from iTunes backup. So extract the contact and importing should be fairly easy. – roxan Oct 1 '12 at 9:10
add comment
5 Answers
You can sync your contacts with gmail in iPhone, then use same email ID in android device and it will automatically sync contacts.
share|improve this answer
This is by far the simplest and best solution. If you have an Android device, you pretty much need a Google account anyway. Might as well sync the contacts to the Google account before switching phones. – bigbadonk420 Feb 15 '13 at 13:21
add comment
Try using a third-party tool such as copytrans contacts to export your iPhone contacts to your PC in an Android-readable format:
enter image description here
Also, have a look at this tutorial:
How to transfer contacts from iPhone to Android?
share|improve this answer
add comment
If you can export your contacts into .vcf (VCard) format and transfer the export file to your Android device, no 3rd party utilities are necessary: the contacts app can directly read (and import) this file, and you are done.
If not, there's an app called Contacts Importer available in the playstore, which claims:
I didn't test this (and have no iWhatever), but you might give it a try and report your success here for others to learn.
share|improve this answer
add comment
You don't need a computer to transfer contacts from Samsung mobile to iPhone5. You can follow the steps below:
1. Switch on the WiFi in both phones
2. Select contacts in Samsung
3. Select the import / export option
4. Click send name card via...
5. Select all contacts
6. Send
7. Select GMail and send to your own email ID
8. Open your GMail in iPhone
9. Open the attached contacts (v cards)
10. Add all the contacts
share|improve this answer
Wow. Nice guide. Unfortunately, the wrong direction: OP wanted to transfer from iPhone and to Samsung. So either it's the wrong answer, or you've picked the wrong question ;) – Izzy Feb 15 '13 at 13:12
add comment
Use a service like Mobyko, the syncing of contacts is done over the air. It is a trully global service that works on most phones & networks. All you need is a phone & an internet connection - let Mobyko do the rest. It is however a paid for utility
For more info:
Alternatively this free application named Uptact which is a contact syncing App & maybe beneficial:
share|improve this answer
add comment
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39148 | TY - JOUR T1 - PRoblems with measuring the use of β-blockers in ambulatory settings for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease AU - Wang TJ AU - Stafford RS Y1 - 1999/04/12 N1 - JO - Archives of Internal Medicine SP - 755 EP - 756 VL - 159 IS - 7 N2 - Kakaiya and Warnhoff may have misunderstood several aspects of our methods. For instance, our analyses did not rely on patient recollection because survey forms were filled out by physicians, not patients. Furthermore, the coded medication lists include all medications regardless of how they were obtained (office sample or pharmacy bought). Second, our sample sizes were large enough to make annual estimates of β-blocker usage. The year with the fewest visits was 1996, where 710 visits were available for analysis. Annual rates of β-blocker use did rise, from 17% in 1993 to 25% in 1996, a point we highlight in the discussion and Figure 1 of our article.1 Even so, we found it surprising that in 1996 three fourths of patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease were not on a regimen that included β-blockers. SN - 0003-9926 M3 - doi: UR - http://dx.doi.org/ ER - |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39152 | Register Log in
Technology Lab / Information Technology
Microsoft releases mobile .NET SP1
Microsoft has announced the availability of Service Pack 1 for the .NET Micro …
Microsoft has just released the Service Pack 1 update to the .NET Micro frameworks, a development package based on .NET designed specifically for mobile and embedded platforms. The update can be downloaded directly from Microsoft's web site.
The .NET Micro framework is designed to allow embedded application developers to work in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 (or higher) and program in managed code languages such as C# to allow faster prototyping and development. The programs created with .NET Micro can run in only a few hundred kilobytes of RAM, and as little as 512KB of solid state storage (such as Flash drives). They also work on a number of embedded processors such as the ARM7 and ARM9 designs, even if they don't support a memory management unit (MMU). Many mobile phones currently fit into this storage and performance category.
The framework also includes customizable emulators that allow developers to gauge the performance of the code without actually running it on the device.
Changes in Service Pack 1 include performance enhancements, additional emulator options, and the ability to lock down the installation of third-party firmware or applications on devices by requiring digital signatures.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39164 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Only a short question but is it possible to set the default width (and height) of terminal sessions in gnome-terminal and terminator?
I find I always resize the window once it pops up so and given how much I use terminator it makes sense (IMO) to alter the default and save myself some time later on.
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 19 down vote accepted
Terminator does allow you setting up a default size. :)
Just open the file ~/.config/terminator/config with your favorite editor. You should have a section titled [layouts]. You only need to add a line within the sub-section named [[[window0]]] belonging to the [[default]] section. My configuration file, for instance, looks like this:
enabled_plugins = CustomCommandsMenu, InactivityWatch, ActivityWatch, TerminalShot, LaunchpadCodeURLHandler, LaunchpadBugURLHandler
scrollbar_position = hidden
visible_bell = True
scrollback_lines = 1000000
foreground_color = "#ffffff"
copy_on_selection = True
background_color = "#300a24"
type = Terminal
parent = window0
profile = default
type = Window
parent = ""
profile = None
size = 900, 600
The relevant part is only the line starting with "size", of course.
share|improve this answer
On Ubuntu 12.04 this file is missing. See here: bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/terminator/+bug/1007136 – HDave Jun 11 '12 at 14:29
add comment
I don't know about terminator, but in gnome-terminal there's an option under the profile settings to set the starting dimensions to any number of rows and columns you want, specifically Edit->Profile Preferences.
share|improve this answer
I don't find this option anymore under Edit -> Profile Preferences. I remember I have set this option before somehow and I even find a gconf entry for this but I can't find a way to set this which works. Any ideas ? – koushik Oct 10 '10 at 15:26
Hm...you're right. It has vanished from the GUI for some reason. Surely this is all being stored in a config file somewhere... – Robert Edward Danhof Oct 12 '10 at 16:07
add comment
Hey. Assuming that you're calling up terminal from a panel menu or launcher icon, you can just change the instructions in that launcher to included desired geometry.
For example, I have a launcher for gnome-terminal on my gnome-panel which opens up to 80x40. Right click -> properties: command - set to "gnome-terminal (or terminator, whatever) --geometry=80x40"
share|improve this answer
This is a good answer, except when using a keyboard shortcut to launch a terminal. In that case, see the answer by Ben Willams. – Jonathan Hartley Jun 19 '13 at 9:35
add comment
try this for gnome-terminal:
go to edit >> profile preferences
look down:
default size: 80 (you want to increase this)
colums: 24: (you want to increase this too!)
sorry if that are not the "right labels", i'm using ubuntu in spanish
share|improve this answer
add comment
This has disappeared in the latest version of gnome-terminal, 2.30.2-0ubuntu1. My installation of 10.04 LTS picked up the new gnome-terminal package yesterday, and it no longer obeys the geometry settings in the profile.
The fields for setting the default size have disappeared from the options dialog. The option remains set in gconf, however (at /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/default_size_columns and default_size_rows).
There's a bug report here:
share|improve this answer
add comment
Example: gnome-terminal --geometry=80x40+100+200
To make it so it always keep that setting:
sudo gedit /usr/share/vte/termcap/xterm
Locate something simliar to:
co is column number and li is row number.
Thanks to http://superuser.com/questions/226167/open-terminal-on-start-in-a-specific-place-and-size
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39220 | The Emmaus Road
A Catholic perspective from Kristan Doerfler Siegel
How to be a Saint
Today is All Saints Day, a Holy Day of Obligation and we hear the Beatitudes at Mass … a simple guide of how to be a saint while we are living here … (emphasis added)
“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are they who mourn,
for they will be comforted.
Blessed are the meek,
for they will inherit the land.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
for they will be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful,
for they will be shown mercy.
Blessed are the clean of heart,
for they will see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers,
for they will be called children of God.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness,
for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you
Rejoice and be glad,
for your reward will be great in heaven.” Matthew 5:1-12
How can you better strive for holiness and sainthood today?
Categories: General
Kristan Doerfler Siegel |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39230 | Meet the ‘mini-Hulkster’
Hulk Hogan AKA Johnny Enright. Photo by John Carl D'Annibale.
Check out Christen’s fun story in today’s paper about Johnny Enright, a Malta man seen around town this summer dressed as Hulk Hogan.
Categories: At the track, General
Leigh Hornbeck
2 Responses
1. Crikey says:
I’ve seen that guy and wondered what his story is. Sounds like a total goofball. Enjoyed reading the article this a.m.
2. Bill says:
This guy is huge,I hope he keeps this going, he will end up, working with the Hulk!! He is the best thing to come to toga, in a long time!! Hulk ,we all love you Brother!!!! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39237 |
One thing I regret that we didn't get into the Astoria December CTP was the ability to show detailed Astoria server errors to remote clients. Something like what ASP.NET supports. That way the developer can see what errors occurred on the server via the web browser. Currently, one has to have a debugger attached to the server process to get the equivalent information. This is particularity interesting in cases where the Astoria server code is not the component throwing the exception - for example when the Queryable provider throws an exception.
In addition, we are also looking at adding a way for providers to map specific exceptions to HTTP errors which could be used by provider writers to specify runtime HTTP errors instead of the generic "Internal Server Error". For example, if there was a database constraint error when inserting some data. Hopefully, this feature will make it into the next beta. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39245 | WSJ Blogs
Real-time commentary and analysis from The Wall Street Journal
The Euro Crisis
Real-time updates and analysis of Europe's debt crisis
Greek Parliament Employees Vote With Their Feet
• Greece is a basket case froth with people with a backward mentality and little honor. They have no shame that their last decade of living standard was financially supported by the rest of Europe. Now they want more. Let Greece go. She should have never been part of the EU and the Euro.
Add a Comment
About The Euro Crisis
• The Euro Crisis on Facebook |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39258 | The Motley Fool Discussion Boards
Previous Page
Books & Writing / Words, Words, Words
Subject: Re: Wondering Date: 9/28/2012 2:58 PM
Author: legalwordwarrior Number: 12622 of 13617
I think the issue here is that the adverb "barely" doesn't really have anything to do with being bare.
Hardly is considered an acceptable synonym for barely.
Just more vagaries of the English language, which is made up of so many contradictory rules, it's amazing that anyone not born as a native speaker ever manages to use it correctly.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39261 | 2004 Cranchi 37 Smeraldo
Zodiac-Honda Inflatable Boats The 2004, 37 Smeraldo is a 35.92 foot inboard/outboard boat. The weight of the boat is 14348 lbs. which does not include passengers, aftermarket boating accessories, or fuel.
Engine Information:
This boat may have come with the following or other engines :
570 hp diesel with 2 engines ( 285 hp diesel per engine)
Repair Manuals:
Engine Parts:
Drive Assemblies:
Parts, Accessories & Upgrades to Consider:
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39269 | Category:Mini Flyweight Division
From Barry Hugman's History of World Championship Boxing
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'''Weight Band'''
'''Weight Band'''
105lbs limit
'''105lbs limit'''
'''Title Contests'''
'''Title Contests'''
[[2012-06-02 Moises Fuentes w co 1 Julio Cesar Felix, The Forum, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico - WBO]]. Referee: Russell Mora.
Revision as of 13:52, 1 January 2013
Set at 105lbs and better known as the mini(mum) flyweight division, the weight class was instigated by the International Boxing Federation in 1987 with a view to giving better opportunities to its members in the Far-East. It is also known as the straw weight division. A popular weight in the early days of gloved fighting it soon caught on, and within six months the World Boxing Council, followed by the World Boxing Association, had also organised title fights
Weight Band
105lbs limit
Title Contests
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39270 | Changes related to "2011-09-24 Adrian Hernandez w co 2 Gideon Buthelezi, Polanco Forum, Mexico City, Mexico - WBC"
From Barry Hugman's History of World Championship Boxing
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39290 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why does strobe lighting trigger seizures in photosensitive epilepsy?
share|improve this question
Pulsating visual stimuli can cause steady state visually evoked potentials, that is, brain oscillations with a frequency matching the visual stimulation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_visually_evoked_potential. I would guess that these evoked oscillations are the cause for the seizure. – H.Muster Sep 16 '13 at 6:02
@H.Muster: I think you are right. I think that epilepsy can be described as strong coupling of oscillations across large portions of the brain, and these may be triggered by oscillatory stimuli. – Ana Sep 16 '13 at 10:11
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39295 | ViewVC logotype
Contents of /meta-cvs/F-B3689DBB46386B16F4B2331934B69223
Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log
Revision - (hide annotations)
Sun Nov 3 20:31:16 2002 UTC (11 years, 4 months ago) by kaz
Branch: mcvs-1-0-branch
Changes since +1 -1 lines
* code/branch.lisp (*branch-help*): New string constant.
* code/mcvs-main.lisp (*mcvs-command-table*): *branch-help* hooked in.
1 kaz 1.115 Release Notes for Meta-CVS
2 kaz 1.1
3 kaz Release 0.99, 2002-1?-??:
5 kaz New link command for creating symbolic links.
7 kaz Failure to invoke text editor is handled.
10 new MAP format, because it was reading the raw map representation, not
11 passing it through the right conversion steps that are needed now.
13 kaz Bugfix to purge and remap commands: they were fooled by CVS-generated
15 the suffix ,t.
17 kaz Bugfix to add logic in directory restructuring: there was the possibility
18 of mistakingly taking a clobbered local file to be a new local version of
19 the added file, instead of replacing it. This could happen if the local
20 file had a future timestamp relative to the one coming from the repository.
22 kaz The prop command does not synchronize or write out map if no options are
23 specified.
25 kaz Help text added for move and branch commands. Help text for grab rewritten.
26 kaz
27 kaz Release 0.98, 2002-10-13:
28 kaz
29 kaz The prop command was mistakenly reading from MAP-LOCAL and writing to MAP,
30 which could cause information loss if the two differ. It now reads from MAP
31 and writes to MAP. (The property changes propagate to MAP-LOCAL by the
32 update operation invoked by prop, as before).
34 kaz Invocation of external programs included in debug trace.
35 kaz
36 kaz The filt command does not filter F- names if they are immediately preceded by
37 the MCVS/ prefix; such occurences are clearly concrete, sandbox-relative
38 references to the actual F- links, rather than abstract references.
40 kaz The update command now supports the -C option, to fetch the repository
41 copy, throwing away local changes. It also now honors the --metaonly
42 and --nometa options.
43 kaz
44 The export command has been added, for checking out documents without creating
45 a working copy (no MCVS directory in the root of the checkout).
46 kaz
47 kaz The watch command has been added. Note that its syntax differs from that
48 of CVS.
49 kaz
50 The watchers, editors, edit, and unedit commands have been added.
51 kaz
52 A script called mcvs-upgrade is now included, and installs alongside the mcvs
53 script. This allows the Meta-CVS Lisp image to recompile and patch itself,
54 giving users of binary distributions an easy way to upgrade from source
55 code.
57 kaz 1.127 Release 0.97, 2002-10-06:
58 kaz 1.119
59 Meta-CVS now builds and runs on Microsoft Windows, under Cygwin
60 (www.cygwin.com). It still relies on hard links, which requires
61 Windows 2000 or XP, and the NTFS filesystem. It probably won't
62 work over FAT.
63 kaz 1.120
64 New --debug option for verbose output.
66 Cleaned up of error messages. Error messages don't specify prefixes like
69 not continuable.
70 kaz 1.119
71 kaz 1.121 Fixed bug introduced in release 0.13: mcvs add -R was adding only
72 directories, effectively ignoring arguments that are regular files.
73 kaz 1.122 The error-continuation behavior of mcvs add has been revised.
74 kaz 1.121
75 kaz 1.125 Trying to rename an object onto itself, or to move the sandbox root
76 directory are no longer silent no-ops, but produce an error.
77 kaz 1.123
78 kaz 1.124 The remap command now preserves property lists, and picks up changes
79 in executable permission.
81 The grab command now notices when a file changes from having execute
82 permission to not having execute permission.
84 kaz 1.126 Operations on the path . now work in a partial sandbox.
86 kaz 1.118 Release 0.96, 2002-09-21:
87 kaz 1.110
88 The restore command was left broken during the change to the new
89 filemap format. It is now fixed.
91 kaz 1.111 The grab command now handles execute permission bits properly.
93 kaz 1.112 Some more commands have detailed help.
95 kaz 1.113 There is now a global option -i which specifies a script to be
96 kaz 1.114 executed. This allows Meta-CVS to be scripted using Lisp. For
97 instance suppose you have the following script and call it
98 list-matching:
99 kaz 1.113
100 #!/usr/local/bin/mcvs -i
101 (in-sandbox-root-dir
104 kaz 1.114 (dolist (entry mapping)
105 (with-slots (path raw-plist) entry
106 kaz 1.117 (when (funcall test-func raw-plist)
109 Then to list the names of files whose "importance" property is
110 a value greater than two, run:
112 ./list-matching '(lambda (plist)
113 (let ((imp (getf plist :importance)))
114 (and imp (> imp 2))))'
115 kaz 1.117
116 WARNING: Scripting accesses the guts of Meta-CVS directly, so scripts may
117 break as Meta-CVS is maintained. There is currently no published set of
118 stable interfaces.
119 kaz 1.113
120 kaz 1.109 Release 0.95, 2002-09-16:
121 kaz 1.104
123 or the linkkit directory; these have been removed. These materials
124 are available at every CLISP installation; install.sh now finds them
125 and uses them. Users of non-x86 machines ran into problems because of this
126 because linkkit/clisp.h contains architecture-dependent information.
127 kaz 1.104
129 in the map.
133 an additional parameter which specifies a Meta-CVS command, it produces more
134 detailed documentation for that comand. Help exists already for a few
135 commands.
138 in beta. It is only five updates away from a 1.0 release.
139 kaz 1.106
140 kaz 1.103 Release 0.24, 2002-09-08:
141 kaz 1.98
142 kaz 1.99 The mapping entries for both symlinks and files have extensible property
143 lists now. These are stored in the optional fourth and fifth list elements,
144 respectively of the :FILE and :SYMLINK map entries.
146 Versioning of the execute permission of files is supported, represented as
147 the :EXEC property of a :FILE mapping entry.
148 kaz 1.98
149 kaz 1.100 Some lame syntax is provided for manipulating properties:
152 kaz 1.100
153 will set the property FOO to true, set the property BAR to false,
154 and remove the property BAZ, in the files main.c and list.c.
155 The execute permission is represented by the property EXEC.
157 kaz 1.97 Release 0.23, 2002-09-02:
158 kaz 1.95
159 kaz 1.96 Bugfix: the grab command notices edited symlinks and incorporates the
160 changes into the mapping.
162 The grab command now figures out moved symlinks. Moved symlinks are those
163 whose pathname has changed, but which continue to point to the same object
164 (which may also have been moved).
165 kaz 1.95
166 kaz 1.94 Release 0.22, 2002-08-31:
167 kaz 1.93
168 Symbolic links are now versioned objects. The format of the MAP file
169 changes to accomodate this; the new Meta-CVS will read old MAP
171 read the new format.
173 When a new module is created from an existing file tree, symbolic
174 links will be recognized and added. The add command will also add
175 symbolic links. Symbolic links can be renamed and moved; this does
176 nothing with their contents. They can point outside of the sandbox
177 using relative or absolute paths.
179 kaz 1.94 TODO:
181 kaz 1.93 There doesn't exist yet a special command to create symbolic links, nor to
182 retarget them; retargetting a link can be done manually by editing MCVS/MAP
183 and updating. Retargetting a link using the ln -s command, won't
184 kaz 1.94 backpropagate to the MAP file; an update will clobber the link.
186 The grab command does not yet compute symbolic link moves; a moved symbolic
187 link is treated as a remove and add. This will be easy to fix.
189 The remap command ignores symlinks.
190 kaz 1.93
191 kaz 1.92 Release 0.21, 2002-08-04:
192 kaz 1.88
193 kaz 1.89 Syntax of grab command changed. The branch is no longer specified as an
194 argument, but using the -r command option. If no revision is specified with
196 is a safety feature, since grabbing foreign snapshots to the trunk is almost
197 always wrong, though it could be useful during backup recovery, or for fixing
198 mistakes.
200 kaz 1.91 The way operating system functions are targetted has changed. Instead of
202 has its own module for calling foreign functions. This module is portable;
203 it does not depend on the layout of glibc data structures. So Meta-CVS
206 kaz 1.87 Release 0.20, 2002-07-27:
207 kaz 1.86
208 The commit command does a true global commit when given no file or directory
209 parameters, and not given the --metaonly option. This means commiting all
211 currently mapped.
213 kaz 1.85 Release 0.19, 2002-07-16:
214 kaz 1.81
215 When moving multiple files or directories to a subdirectory, a
216 restart is now provided to skip over bad ones and continue.
219 files. There are no moves to deduce in that case.
221 kaz 1.84 Restore properly creates lost+found at the root of a partial sandbox,
222 rather than at the abstract root of the module.
224 kaz 1.83 Some other algorithmic improvements made.
225 kaz 1.82
226 The first few sections of a user guide have been written.
228 kaz 1.80 Release 0.18, 2002-07-07:
229 kaz 1.77
230 kaz 1.78 Cool new feature: checkout takes an extra argument, which specifies a
231 subdirectory of the project. Specifying a subdirectory results in a ``partial
232 sandbox'', whose root directory is the specified subdirectory of the larger
234 subdirectory argument can also be given to mcvs grab, which will cause it to
235 integrate the new source tree against a subtree of the Meta-CVS project
236 kaz 1.79 rather than the entire project. The subtree doesn't have to exist; in
237 that case you get an empty sandbox. Adding files to this sandbox will cause
238 the tree to exist in the project.
239 kaz 1.78
240 kaz 1.77 Bugfix: mcvs grab was not computing moves properly over small file sets,
241 wrongly treating them as removes and adds.
243 kaz 1.76 Release 0.17, 2002-07-02:
244 kaz 1.71
245 The create command no longer takes a vendor branch. Instead the symbol
248 kaz 1.72 The grab command no longer does useless synchronization on files that
249 are about to be deleted.
252 that have no mapping.
254 New restore command; re-enters deleted files into the mapping, under
256 kaz 1.73
258 working copy, it must not delete that working copy's MCVS sub directory.
260 kaz 1.70 Release 0.16, 2002-06-29:
261 kaz 1.67
262 Added new heuristics to grab command. Paths are analyzed to determine
263 move distance. Greater distances reduce the confidence in a move.
264 These rules help sort out grabs in a project where similar or
265 duplicate files are subject to parallel moves, the ambiguity being
266 kaz 1.68 resolved by favoring shorter moves. Word comparisons are case-insensitive
267 now. Common words (those that appear in many files) are ignored when
268 comparing files.
269 kaz 1.67
271 up a little bit. Most reporting commands like log or diff no longer
272 operate on meta files by default; they must be explicitly told to do
273 so with --meta or --metaonly. Only the commit command implicitly includes
275 selected. The update command remains special; if it is given file
276 arguments, it does not include meta files. If given no arguments, it
277 does a global CVS up across the entire project.
279 kaz 1.66 Release 0.15, 2002-06-25:
280 kaz 1.61
281 kaz 1.65 Optimized a string splitting routine which is used heavily for processing
282 paths; the result is a noticeable performance improvement in some commands
283 that process large numbers of files.
284 kaz 1.61
285 kaz 1.62 Renamed ``import'' command to ``create''.
287 kaz 1.65 Bugfix: checkout and create showed errors when removing directory, due to
288 broken :postorder support in directory walking function.
289 kaz 1.63
290 kaz 1.65 Bugfix: on failure, checkout was failing to delete the MCVS directory when
291 the checkout was directed to an existing directory.
295 It determines what files have been added and removed in the snapshot, and
296 tries to compute which removes and adds are actually moves. This is done by
297 analyzing the actual contents of the files according to a crude algorithm to
298 do fuzzy comparisons, so that even files which were modified as well as moved
299 are discovered.
300 kaz 1.64
301 kaz 1.60 Release 0.14, 2002-06-21:
302 kaz 1.59
303 Bugfix: mcvs add was broken for files that have no suffix, causing
304 kaz 1.60 the underlying cvs add to fail. This was broken in 0.7 when type
305 handling was added.
306 kaz 1.59
307 kaz 1.58 Release 0.13, 2002-06-06:
308 kaz 1.55
309 Sandbox synchronization now handles the case of two files having
310 the same timestamp. An error is signaled, with interactive resolution
311 to synchronize either way, or do nothing.
314 is now a continuable error.
317 whose suffix is one of the ones cvs ignores by default.
321 moves and deletions, and reconstruct the mapping accordingly; that is,
322 it remaps the new structure. This command uses inode numbers to identify
323 files; if a file is copied and then the original is deleted, that won't
324 be recognized as a move.
326 kaz 1.53 Release 0.12, 2002-04-18:
327 kaz 1.51
328 Bugfix: remove was broken in 0.10, fixed now.
331 ``. not known to Meta-CVS''.
333 kaz 1.52 The checkout operation now can now populate an existing directory, including
335 target directory cannot be an existing Meta-CVS sandbox.
336 This is a useful feature, which allows sandboxes to blend with an
337 existing directory structure.
339 Checkout now uses the same function for generating the sandbox
340 structure as does update. This is now necessary, because local files
341 can be clobbered by the checkout.
343 kaz 1.50 Release 0.11, 2002-04-12:
344 kaz 1.46
345 Bugfix: when branch invokes rtag, it now takes the CVSROOT information
347 look at a local CVS subdirectory for this information, only the
348 -d option or the environment variable.
351 what sticky tag the sandbox is updated to.
353 Command for switching branches added (switch or sw).
355 Merge detects that working copy is on non-branch tag and bails.
356 kaz 1.47
357 kaz 1.49 Absolute paths can now be specified as file arguments. These are
358 based from the root directory of the sandbox, not the actual filesystem root
359 directory.
361 kaz 1.45 Release 0.10, 2002-04-03:
362 kaz 1.44
363 Automatic merging implemented. Branch is created using branch command,
364 and merging from another branch is done using simple merge command.
365 Meta-CVS maintains the tags to keep track of what has been merged
366 from what branch to what branch.
367 kaz 1.40
368 Bugfix: checkout -d foo bar was complaining about directory bar already
369 existing, even though it should only care about foo.
371 kaz 1.41 The remove command now requires explicit -R option to recursively remove
372 kaz 1.42 a directory. It has more detailed error reporting.
373 kaz 1.41
374 kaz 1.43 The move command has better error reporting.
376 kaz 1.39 Release 0.9, 2002-03-14:
377 kaz 1.37
378 Bugfix: the .cvsignore file is now subject to tagging, status, etc,
379 (unless --nometa is specified, of course).
380 kaz 1.38
382 This means to retrieve the MAP file as of the specified revision or
383 date and use that mapping to perform the filtering translation,
384 rather than using MAP-LOCAL.
385 kaz 1.39
386 The mcvs update command takes filename arguments now and also
387 supports the -p option.
388 kaz 1.37
389 kaz 1.36 Release 0.8, 2002-03-13:
390 kaz 1.28
391 kaz 1.29 Bug fixed in mcvs add; it was not ignoring files that are already
392 listed as :ignore in MCVS/TYPES.
398 directory, which is normally the same as the module name.
403 interactive error handling in two different ways.
405 kaz 1.32 Log level of many messages has changed; many messages have been
406 relegated to debug level.
408 kaz 1.35 The import command now creates a .cvsignore file containing the name
409 MAP-LOCAL.
411 kaz 1.24 Release 0.7, 2002-03-09:
413 kaz 1.27 The import command collects a list of the file suffixes and brings up
414 a text editor to allow the user to edit their CVS keyword expansion
415 behavior. This information is kept in a new metafile called TYPES. The
416 add command also updates TYPES; it identifies any suffixes which are new,
417 and brings up an editor. The F- files now carry suffixes, which
418 simplifies interfacing with CVS, and also allows cvswrappers to work.
420 Recursive add works (mcvs add -R ...).
422 New command line option --nometa allows metafiles to be excluded from
423 diff, tag, and other commands; without the option they are inserted
424 into the list of files to be processed.
425 kaz 1.25
426 kaz 1.27 The commit option now takes an optional list of files or directories,
427 just like tag, diff, and others.
428 kaz 1.26
429 kaz 1.23 Release 0.6, 2002-02-16:
430 kaz 1.19
431 kaz 1.27 The add operation was horribly broken in 0.5, it is fixed.
432 kaz 1.21
433 kaz 1.27 User can interactively select whether to clobber local files or leave
434 everything alone. Effects on the mapping file of a mcvs move are undone,
435 if the restructuring is rolled back, or raises a condition that leads
436 to termination.
439 during import, and specifies the CVS keyword expansion mode for files
440 having given suffixes, and can also tell Meta-CVS to ignore certain files
441 when importing or adding.
442 kaz 1.22
443 kaz 1.18 Release 0.5, 2002-02-10:
444 kaz 1.14
445 kaz 1.27 Much improved error handling. Filesystem rearranging code performs
446 sanity checks to prevent adds and moves from accidentally clobbering
447 local files. A rearranging gone bad can be rolled back. Effects
448 of a failed mcvs add can also be rolled back.
449 kaz 1.14
450 kaz 1.27 MAP-LOCAL is now sorted in the same way as MAP.
451 kaz 1.15
452 kaz 1.13 Release 0.4, 2002-02-04:
453 kaz 1.10
454 kaz 1.27 CVS is invoked using internal function resembling the xargs utility,
455 which ensures that multiple command lines are generated if necessary to
456 avoid surpassing the operating system limit on argument and environment
457 vector size. This is important when someone wants to diff or stat a
458 subdirectory, which requires Meta-CVS to pick out the individual files
459 at the CVS level.
461 The tag, log, status and annotate commands are now available.
464 improves merging, since files do not move within the file when
465 they are renamed.
466 kaz 1.12
467 kaz 1.5 Release 0.3, 2002-02-02:
469 kaz 1.27 Process termination done is properly in top level handler, by a nonlocal
470 exit. The program properly indicates failed termination when it exits
471 due to an error condition.
473 Corrections are made in the command line option processing. If z is an
474 option that takes an argument, and the argument is -zx, then x is
475 treated as the argument to the option. Long options arguments are
476 recognized properly, according to the --opt=arg convention. The option
477 processing is restructured. Most of the commands now take the
478 appropriate cvs command-specific options.
480 The update algorithm performs dupe checking over the map, which could
481 happen during a merge.
483 Some more bugfixing has been done to the move command. It was still not
484 handling right some cases of an unversioned file being clobbered. Also,
485 it wasn't renaming a directory containing just one file.
487 I did some performance investigation for larger file sets, and
488 ended up rewriting the code that computes filesystem restructuring
489 changes and map duplicates.
490 kaz 1.5
491 kaz 1.4 Release 0.2, 2002-01-30:
493 kaz 1.27 Changed official name from MCVS to Meta-CVS. The move command now
494 performs some filesystem tests so it does the right thing when a versioned
496 a directory not known to Meta-CVS. Factored out reading and writing of
497 map files into functions.
498 kaz 1.4
499 kaz 1.2 Release 0.1, 2002-01-28:
502 Bug fixed in mcvs mv command; it wasn't working analogously to the Unix
503 mv command when copying a directory to an existing directory.
504 kaz 1.2
505 Release 0.0, 2002-01-27:
506 kaz 1.1
507 kaz 1.27 This is alpha software. It is not complete, and lacks documentation.
508 However, it is already usable in its present state and is being used for
509 version control by its author. If you can program in Common Lisp and would
511 feature requests.
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I always use frozen chestnuts to make marrons glacés since I can find those all year long (and not only during winter) and because they're already pealed.
I can cook them in simmering water without making them split or break up. But they always start breaking up on the third or fourth day when candying them. How can I avoid them from breaking into pieces and keep them whole?
When I candy them, it's 75% sugar, 25% water, brought to boiling point. I turn off the heat, wait for the boiling to stop, and put the basket inside the pot. And wait 24 hours before next plunge.
Thanks for any help
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2 Answers
This is a guess, but I'm assuming the sugar concentration in the syrup that you're using is way too high. After a few days, the water evaporates off and the sugar is left in a crystalline form inside the chestnuts.
This makes them very brittle at which point you see the breaking.
If this is the case, I can recommend two things:
• Reduce the rate at which the sugar in your confections crystallizes; left in the open air, you're going to lose moisture which is part of the problem.
• Increase the water ratio. I'd start with a simple syrup (1 part water to 1 part sugar) and move up and down from there. Of course, your going to sacrifice some sweetness as a result, and you don't want too much water, as you'll end up making the chestnuts too soft. You'll have to adjust the balance to your tastes/tolerances.
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I have not made Marron Glaces. However I have been researching how to make them and found someone, who had used a washed onion bag to put the chestnuts in to stop them breaking up. Apparently this works. So even though I have not made them I saw your question while researching and thought I would pass on this tip to you. Hope it works for you.
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Good idea. I'll try this winter this technique. – BlakBat Oct 7 '13 at 17:02
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39310 |
I'm baaaaaaack...
Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by dragon_mikal, Sep 26, 2005.
1. dragon_mikal
dragon_mikal Darth Jones strikes again! Zone Supporter
4,875 Messages
835 Likes Received
Finally arrived back home after driving about 30 hours from a hurricane that ended up totally missing my house. Thankfully.
I got to watch the game and...well...we won. Our defense was burned too much for my taste (again) but they made a lot of critical plays late in the game which redeemed them somewhat.
That fake punt call made me scream. Bill Parcells almost lost us the game on that one.
Our offense showed some heart, going out there and overcoming some setbacks and winning the game for us.
And Drew Bledsoe score three times...which helps my fantasy football team.
I must say that our offensive line is playing much better than I thought they would. Rob the Rookie is doing great. :D
2. Yeagermeister
Yeagermeister Active Member
47,576 Messages
8 Likes Received
Good to hear you are safe
3. Canadian BoyzFan
Canadian BoyzFan Active Member
3,315 Messages
11 Likes Received
4. mullet
mullet Member
836 Messages
2 Likes Received
chalk me up to 22 hours driving.
i was glad to have seen the game in south texas. and glad it was a win regardless of the difficulty.
5. Hostile
Hostile Peace Zone Supporter
117,917 Messages
647 Likes Received
I think that leaves only 1 or 2 posters unaccounted for now form both hurricanes. Glad you're okay.
6. Cowboy Junkie
Cowboy Junkie leonargized
2,512 Messages
0 Likes Received
Welcome back
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39311 |
Jerry Jones coming up on CBS This Morning
1. cowboyvic
cowboyvic It's Stuck
1,016 Messages
219 Likes Received
Keep buying those ticks and Pesi and Pappa John's pizza at AR&T stadium. and you will keep getting 1 playoff win in 17 years. it's your fault, not Jerry's.
2. rynochop
rynochop Well-Known Member
2,199 Messages
103 Likes Received
whoa your gonna get berated with that crazy talk going on around herd. Teams with gm.s and real football men dont make mistakes. They dont give up entire drafts for WRs or overated, innacurate passing QBs
3. Rogerthat12
Rogerthat12 DWAREZ
3,223 Messages
108 Likes Received
Better get ready for more of the same o'l Jerrah for 15-20 more years...yikes!
4. Plankton
Plankton Well-Known Member
1,547 Messages
318 Likes Received
This is sad, but it actually traces back to Jimmy Johnson expressing interest in the Jacksonville opening back in 1993 when they were awarded a franchise.
Jones said after the firing took place that he needed someone who was completely invested in the Cowboys and felt the pain due to the equity in the team, not just from drawing a paycheck. It was from that point forward that he did not put personnel control in his coach's contracts.
This was likely all part of some plan of his to become the complete face of the team, but its roots, at least as it was articulated, was grounded back then.
What he fails to realize is that if he were to turn over the reins of the team to a qualified GM, and allowed that person the room to operate properly, he would be hailed as being someone who did what was best for his team and organization. What he fails to realize is that if that team, with the revised structure, was to win a Super Bowl, he would be celebrated as an owner who did right by his team, and sacrificed his ego for the betterment of his franchise.
The problem is that he is too mentally diseased and narcissistic to see this.
car351, Wheeltax and BoysFan4ever like this.
5. Seven
Seven Messenger to the football Gods
10,788 Messages
219 Likes Received
Firstly - NO ONE has said go pick a GM off of a tree. No thanks on second servings of futile. I'm positive that's the majority consensus.
Secondly - If they have all of this talent why are they a .500 team? Look no further that the man-with-the plan and gran-poohbah of all that is thee Dallas Cowboys. He hires and fires. HIS words......not mine.
6. Zordon
Zordon Infinite Crab Meats...
8,025 Messages
2,765 Likes Received
i should note that the 15-20 years comment was made by the reporter who interviewed him, you don't actually hear jerry say it in the interview..
as soon as the segment was over the interviewer had some live closing comments and that's where she mentioned jerry telling her (off camera) he wants to do this for "15-20 more years".
7. Picksix
Picksix A Work in Progress
4,429 Messages
488 Likes Received
Not to add insult to injury, but if he really feels he can sell the world on his staying in control, he likely won't worry about selling a fan base on keeping Garrett around. As long as he's in charge, I really don't see it mattering.
CowboysLegend365 likes this.
8. BoysFan4ever
BoysFan4ever Well-Known Member
3,472 Messages
827 Likes Received
Nothing will change till he's strumming a harp or holding a pitchfork.
George and Richmond Cowboy like this.
9. theebs
theebs Believe!!!!
22,213 Messages
1,270 Likes Received
I just watched the piece.
What was the point of the video? Why in the world did the CBS this morning crew come interview Jerry?
Why are people so obsessed with talking about the stupid stadium? Who cares? I mean that, at this point who cares?
I wonder which other nfl gm's are going to be on CBS this morning talking about their stadiums this week?
BoysFan4ever likes this.
10. BoysFan4ever
BoysFan4ever Well-Known Member
3,472 Messages
827 Likes Received
I bet Jerry dvr'd himself!
Wheeltax likes this.
11. Fritsch_the_cat
Fritsch_the_cat Well-Known Member
642 Messages
288 Likes Received
I will now go find a tall building to jump from.
12. Beatledust
Beatledust New Member
12 Messages
0 Likes Received
Unfortunately, things won't improve, until ol' Jerruh moves back to Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
13. Zordon
Zordon Infinite Crab Meats...
8,025 Messages
2,765 Likes Received
this is exactly what I was thinking when I was watching this morning. what was the point of this?
granted i missed the 1st half of the interview, so I gave him the benefit of the doubt that maybe they were talking about something worthwhile at the beginning but I guess they didn't?
jerry is something else I tell ya. he has dalrymple call up the major networks for these "introspective" interviews every few months. this is the first time i've seen him on a morning show, usually they just call up costas.
14. BoysFan4ever
BoysFan4ever Well-Known Member
3,472 Messages
827 Likes Received
Please do not insult Mister Rogers or his neighbors! :)
15. AmberBeer
AmberBeer Well-Known Member
1,963 Messages
584 Likes Received
None. Only Jerry. It's like he's blind and driving a Porsche down the interstate.
16. Chocolate Lab
Chocolate Lab Run-loving Dino
33,093 Messages
1,242 Likes Received
As to why, I'm guessing this was part of CBS's Thanksgiving day game...
17. BoysFan4ever
BoysFan4ever Well-Known Member
3,472 Messages
827 Likes Received
Then why show it now & not on Thanksgiving? Lord knows they have enough silly pregame stuff. You may be right though.
18. theebs
theebs Believe!!!!
22,213 Messages
1,270 Likes Received
That was my first thought, red kettle kickoff stuff.
The only thing the guy didn't mention was the artwork then it would have been a complete Jerry interview where he pats himself on the back for being so cultured and such a forward thinker.
this guy irritates me so much at this point I don't want to watch any football.
19. car351
car351 Member
77 Messages
11 Likes Received
Excellent post. Doesn't even take a doctorate in psychiatry to see how you perfectly assessed Jerry's mental/character issues as truly, the big picture culprit, which has systematically been bringing down this once proud organization for the last 17 years. Unfortunately, it will be getting even worse very soon.
20. cowboyblue22
cowboyblue22 Active Member
233 Messages
47 Likes Received
lol sounds like a prison sentence of something like that if they don't start winning more he may have it all to himself may not be any one left for him to worry about spending money or pulling for the team
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39312 |
Robert Griffin III or Russell Wilson---for the price?
Discussion in 'NFL Zone' started by DFWJC, Jan 6, 2013.
1. KB1122
KB1122 Well-Known Member
1,010 Messages
124 Likes Received
The Griffin deal has to be analyzed on its own terms. Do you trade that much for an elite quarterback prospect? I don't think there is any question that you should make the Griffin trade. The Redskins had gotten enough of fishing out the Rex Grossmans of the world, and realized you have to make a big play for the right guy. Of course, then you dont let your coach endanger your dozen-year investment by playing Russian Roulette with his knee.
Bully to the Seahawks for finding Wilson, and there will always be examples of later-round quarterbacks who make it big. But building a franchise by planning to find a great quarterback in the third round is a recipe for Kansas City-ness.
2. Eddie
Eddie Well-Known Member
8,499 Messages
219 Likes Received
Here's another question, would the Skins have been better off in the long term keeping their picks, losing out on Griffin, and taking ... say ... Tanehill or Cole (2nd round) ?
That was a pricey trade. I don't think the Skins will get more than a few years of service out of him.
But we have our own fish to fry. I would like to see us prepare for Romo's eventual departure. I don't want to be sitting around here in 3 years after Romo's arm turns into a noodle ala Brad Johnson. That's going to be fun.
In the end, I have no doubt we will wait too long to find Romo's replacement .. and then go searching the desert for the next franchise QB.
3. ManicDepressiveMan
ManicDepressiveMan Member
753 Messages
3 Likes Received
Knowing Jerry, we'll trade our entire draft for Johnny Football whenever he comes out.
4. Eddie
Eddie Well-Known Member
8,499 Messages
219 Likes Received
Wouldn't mind it. Considering the number of blown drafts we've gone through.
5. SkinsFan28
SkinsFan28 Member
968 Messages
11 Likes Received
Given the hindsight that let's you see how Wilson has developed and played, absolutely you would take Wilson. But if on draft day you are faced with that choice, and no certainty for Wilson's ability to move to the NFL, I think the certainty dwindles. Add in the fact that you are competing for that top caliber player with a team that has extra draft choices to spend and the deal has to be done before draft day and all the interviews and maybe the choice is a little murkier.
I could easily play the game with the likes of Ben and Eli, or other combinations as well.
(I voted for RW given his play this year, but I would not have voted that way prior to the draft when the decision had to be made)
6. DFWJC
DFWJC Well-Known Member Zone Supporter
19,793 Messages
693 Likes Received
So there are 24 people to come to this site that don't think Russell Wilson is even worth a 3rd round pick?!!?
That's embarrassing.
7. CitySlicker202
CitySlicker202 Member
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Hindsight is always 20/20, lol. Yes, Wilson has exceeded his 3rd rd pick and looks to be a star in the league. Aalthough, lets be realistic here....the "actual" star of that franchise is the young, hard hitting, and agile defense in which Wilson can rely on week end and week out.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39322 | • The Ticket Program is part of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 - legislation designed to remove many of the barriers that previously influenced people's decisions about going to work because of the concerns over losing healthcare and coverage.
• Ticket to Work Basics
View the following archived webinar, Ticket to Work Overview: Integrating Ticket to work into your Job Center, which gives a very basic overview of the Ticket to Work Program, describing the elements of Ticket to Work, key players, brief payment overview and connection between Ticket and DEI grantees.
Disability Employment Initiative
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39340 | bull'seye rot
bull's-eye rot
noun Plant Pathology.
a disease of apples and pears, characterized by sunken, eyelike spots on the fruit and twig cankers, caused by any of several fungi, especially of the genus Neofabraea.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39345 | richard the lionhearted richard
Richard I
("Richard the Lion-Hearted"; "Richard Coeur de Lion") 1157–99, king of England 1189–99. Unabridged
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Richard I (ˈrɪtʃəd)
nicknamed Coeur de Lion or the Lion-Heart. 1157--99, king of England (1189--99); a leader of the third crusade (joining it in 1191). On his way home, he was captured in Austria (1192) and held to ransom. After a brief return to England, where he was crowned again (1194), he spent the rest of his life in France
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39348 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am doing some work around my gutter downspouts and found that underneath the ones at the front of my house, someone had buried 2-gallon plastic potting containers (upside down). There was a piece of fabric barrier above them too. There is nothing underneath the plastic bucket. Just curious if anyone has seen this before and if there is a purpose for them being there.
enter image description here
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I have a similar setup, but in my case it's about 6' from the house in a raised bed, directly in front of the one downspout on that side of the house. I've always wondered what it was for and was just thinking today about asking here. :) – Niall C. Mar 21 '11 at 3:49
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1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
It's a strange method (to me, anyway) but my guess is someone put it there to prevent erosion. If you have water running from the downspout, without anything there it will basically pound a hole into the ground, as well as drain into your foundation, which can cause various problems including flooding of your basement, and cracked foundations.
enter image description here
I guess it's the cheap equivalent of one of these:
enter image description here
It's best though to have an extension and get it far away from your house, so that water is running downhill/away from your foundation.
enter image description here
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39349 | Skip Headers
Oracle® Database Gateway for APPC Installation and Configuration Guide
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9 Configuring the SNA Communication Package on Solaris
Oracle Database Gateway for APPC uses the SNA Advanced Program to Program Communication (APPC/LU6.2) protocol to communicate with an OLTP. APPC support on Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-bit) is provided by the SNAP-IX product.
This chapter describes how to configure SNAP-IX on a Solaris system to run Oracle Database Gateway for APPC.
This chapter contains the following sections:
9.1 Processing Inbound Connections
Note that for CICS, the gateway provides the following support:
9.2 Configuring SNAP-IX Version 6
The following sections describe how to configure SNAP-IX version 6.
9.2.1 Before You Begin
This section requires you to specify parameters that are unique to your system to configure SNAP-IX version 6 properly. Before you begin, request these parameters from your network administrator.
9.2.2 SNAP-IX Configuration Tool
All of the SNAP-IX product configuration is done using the xsnaadmin program. This tool is an X-Windows application that provides a graphical interface to view and modify the current SNAP-IX configuration and the current running state of the host SNA node.
9.2.3 Creating SNAP-IX Profiles for the Gateway
Oracle Database Gateway for APPC requires a stored set of definitions, called Side Information Profiles, to support connections between the gateway and gateway servers. Each profile consists of a profile name and a profile type, which is a set of fields describing the profile. The fields in a given profile type are generally a mix of operating parameter values and names of other SNA profiles relevant to the profile. Each functional part of APPC, such as the Mode, Remote Transaction Program name, and Logical Unit (LU), is described by a distinct profile type.
9.2.4 Independent Versus Dependent LUs
The gateway configuration can accommodate either independent or dependent LUs. If you choose to use dependent LUs, or are restricted to using dependent LUs, the gateway functions properly. If a dependent LU is correctly defined, then you do not need to make changes to the configuration of the gateway, nor should any changes be needed to the gateway server. However, Oracle recommends that you use independent LUs for the gateway because they support multiple parallel sessions or conversations. This means that multiple Oracle client applications can be active simultaneously with the same gateway server through the independent LU.
In contrast to independent LUs, dependent LUs support only a single active session. The CP (Control Point for the Node) queues each additional conversation request from the gateway behind an already active conversation. In other words, conversations are single-threaded for dependent LUs.
The operational impact of dependent LUs is that the first client application can initiate a conversation through the gateway with the gateway server, but while that session is active (which could be for seconds, minutes, or hours, depending on how the client application and transaction are designed), any other client application initiating a session with the same gateway server appears to hang as it waits behind the previous session.
If a production application really uses only a single conversation at any one time, then there should not be a problem. However, at some point, you might require additional concurrent conversations for testing or for other application development. Having more than one conversation requires that additional dependent LUs be defined on the remote host. Additional configuration entries must be added to SNAP-IX. Additional Side Information Profiles should be defined to use the new dependent LUs. Gateway instances should be created and configured to use these new Side Information Profiles.
9.2.5 Creating SNA Definitions for the Gateway
SNAP-IX definitions are stored in the following files, which are located in the /etc/opt/sna directory:
• SNA node definitions: sna_node.cfg
• SNA domain definitions: sna_domn.cfg
These files are created and maintained with the xsnaadmin tool. Maintenance of SNA definitions is usually done by a user with administrative authority. The following information is intended for a user creating SNA definitions for the gateway. You must have some knowledge of SNA before reading this section.
9.2.6 Sample SNAP-IX Definitions
The $ORACLE_HOME/dg4appc/sna subdirectory contains a set of sample SNAP-IX definition files for the gateway, which are created with the xsnaadmin. These sample files are sna_domn.cfg and sna_node.cfg. SNA definitions are very specific to the host and SNA network. As such, the sample definitions provided will not work without being tailored for the local host and SNA network.
9.2.7 Configuring SNAP-IX
This section describes the process of creating SNA definitions for SNAP-IX, using xsnaadmin. All configuration is done using the various dropdown menus and panels in xsnaadmin. The following configuration descriptions follow the samples provided. Please tailor the various SNA values for your local host and SNA network.
9.2.8 Starting xsnaadmin
Use the following commands to invoke xsnaadmin. The DISPLAY environment variable must be set correctly. If you are running xsnaadmin from the local console, then DISPLAY should already be set. If you are running xsnaadmin from a remote X display, then set DISPLAY to the host name or IP address of that display.
$ DISPLAY=<your_display>:0
$ export DISPLAY
$ xsnaadmin &
On startup of xsnaadmin, the main screen opens and displays the current configuration of the local SNA node. Configuring the SNA node
To configure the SNA node, you need to do the following:
1. From the Services menu, select Configure Node Parameters.
2. In the Node Parameters dialog box, enter the APPN support type, Control Point Name, Control Point Alias, and Node ID as needed. The Control Point Name is composed of the SNA Network Name and the CP name of the local host.
3. Click OK. Adding a Port
To add a new port, from the Services menu, select Connectivity and New Port.
1. In the Add to Nodename dialog box, select the Port type and click OK.
2. In the SAP dialog box, enter a Port name and network card number. The Port name is used to logically name the physical network card that you are using and is used to bind a Service Access Port to the card for SNA protocols. Usually, you can accept the values provided in the dialog box. If a different network card is needed, however, enter the card number as reported by the dmesg command.
3. Click OK. Create a Link Station
When the Port has been defined, you must create a Link Station. The Link Station represents the SNA node of the remote host of the gateway server. But before you create the Link Station, you must create a Remote Node definition as described in the following procedure:
1. From the Services menu, select APPC and Add Remote Node.
2. In the dialog box, enter the SNA CPNAME of the remote node and click OK.
Now you can create a Link Station as follows:
1. From the Services menu, select Connectivity and New Link Station. In the dialog box, select the Port previously defined and click OK.
2. In the Link Station dialog box, enter a name for the Link Station, choose the SNA Port name, the type of link activation, and the LU Traffic type. For maximum flexibility, select the Any option.
3. For Independent LU traffic, specify the Remote Node name. Click Remote Node and select the node you previously created, and then click OK. Choose the type of the Remote node, typically a Network node.
4. For Dependent LU traffic, specify the role of the Remote node, typically 'host', the Local Node ID, and optionally, Remote Node ID.
5. Specify the Contact Information. Contact information contains the MAC address of the remote host as well as the SAP number.
6. Click Advanced for additional parameters of the Link Station. The Token Ring Parameters dialog box shows additional parameters of the Link Station. These parameters affect initial XID contact and retransmission times and limits. You usually do not need to change the default values.
7. Click OK. Creating Local LUs
When the Remote Node definitions have been made, create the Local LU names for the local host as follows:
1. From the Services menu, select APPC and New Local LU. In the local LU dialog box, enter the name of the local LU and an alias. This name must correspond to the VTAM definitions on the remote gateway server host for the UNIX host.
2. Click OK. Creating Partner LUs
Now define a Partner LU that represents the LU that the gateway server is using to communicate.
1. From the Services menu, select APPC and New Partner LUs and Partner LU on Remote Node.
2. In the Partner LU dialog box, enter the Partner LU name and characteristics. The Partner LU name contains the SNA Network Name as well as the LU name of the remote LU. Enable parallel session support. The location is the name as the Remote Node name. You can click Location for a list.
3. Click OK. Creating Mode and CPI-C Profiles
When the local and remote LU definitions have been created, create the necessary Mode and CPI-C definitions.
1. From the Services menu, select APPC and Modes. In the Modes dialog box, click New to add a new mode.
2. In the Mode dialog box, enter the Mode Name and other session parameters. The recommended name for a gateway mode is CICSPGA. Contact your Remote Host system administrator for appropriate mode parameters.
3. Click OK.
4. Now that the Mode has been defined, create the CPI-C Side Information Profile, which the gateway uses as a connection name. From the menu, select APPC and CPI-C.
5. In the CPI-C destination names dialog box, click New to add a new Profile.
6. In the CPI-C destination dialog box, enter the Profile name, Local LU name, Partner TP, Partner LU and mode, and Security option. The partner TP name is the name of the host transaction program or a dummy value to be overridden in the TIP.
7. For the Local LU, you may specify a specific LU or choose the default LU. For the Partner LU, enter either the full LU name or the alias created previously.
8. Enter ORAPLU62 for the mode name. Choose the type of security for these sessions to use. This affects how session authorization is done.
9. Click OK.
9.2.9 Testing the Connection
Before proceeding with gateway configuration tasks, ensure that your connection is working. Perform this by starting the SNAP-IX Node and then starting the individual link stations.
Figure 9-1 shows the relationship between SNAP-IX definitions and the VTAM definitions on the remote host.
Figure 9-1 Relationship Between SNAP-IX Definitions and Host VTAM Definitions
Description of Figure 9-1 follows
Description of "Figure 9-1 Relationship Between SNAP-IX Definitions and Host VTAM Definitions"
9.3 Resuming Gateway Configuration
When you have finished configuring the SNA communication package for Solaris, proceed to Chapter 10, "Configuring the OLTP" to continue configuring the network. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39350 | Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide
ZFS ACL Pass Through Inheritance for Execute Permission
Solaris 10 10/09 Release: In previous Solaris releases, you could apply ACL inheritance so that all files are created with 0664 or 0666 permissions. In this release, if you want to optionally include the execute bit from the file creation mode into the inherited ACL, you can set the aclinherit mode to pass the execute permission to the inherited ACL.
If aclinherit=passthrough-x is enabled on a ZFS dataset, you can include execute permission for an output file that is generated from cc or gcc compiler tools. If the inherited ACL does not include execute permission, then the executable output from the compiler won't be executable until you use the chmod command to change the file's permissions.
For more information, see Example 8–12. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39351 | Sun B2B Suite ebXML Protocol Manager User's Guide
Overview: Basic Operations and Concepts
The following list describes the basic operations necessary to use ebXML Protocol Manager successfully:
This chapter briefly and generally describes the installation, setup, design, and run-time steps required to get an ebXML Protocol Manager Project and its ePM configuration set up and running. The chapter’s purpose is to provide a quick, easy set of procedures for reaching these goals, for the user who does not necessarily want or need all of the details.
For a complete, more detailed explanation of how to perform these steps, using the sample scenario provided with the CD-ROM with ebXML Protocol Manager, see Run-time Steps. The rest of this chapter describes, in general and without detail, how you can quickly perform the steps shown in the previous list. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39352 | SunVTS 3.0 Test Reference Manual
plntest Controller Test
The plntest exercises the hardware and software by invoking SCSI read buffer commands of various sizes to the NVRAM. These operations exercise the host fiber channel hardware, the SSA fiber channel hardware, the SSA resident management software, and the hardware component interaction on the SSA controller card (all components except the SCSI devices). In addition, the plntest reports failure of the fan module and the NVRAM battery module of the SPARC storage array. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39359 | The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. A properly sized UPS will provide that much ride-through.
Do battery-based UPSs give you the blues? Perhaps you should consider the advantages of a flywheel UPS. In some applications, this battery-free UPS can supplement a battery-based UPS — or even be used in place of that UPS.
The battery blues
When you think of UPSs, you probably think of batteries. After all, most UPSs chemically store energy in battery cells. Unfortunately, batteries can cause many complications. Batteries require extensive maintenance, considerable expertise, and lots of floor space — all of which is expensive. Because of the time required to build a wet cell battery, orders have long lead times. And thanks to Internet-fueled demand, lead times can be an entire year.
To further aggravate matters, batteries fail well before their rated backup time in today's cost-cutting, maintenance-averse world. The battery failure causes shown in the sidebar, on page PQ18, are preventable — but only through the use of resources most owners don't provide. Batteries work fine if management commits to maintaining them, but typically management will cut costs at any price. That's the great weakness of batteries — they are not items you can buy and forget.
Fortunately, battery-free UPSs (such as flywheels) are an option. Unlike batteries, the flywheel UPS uses a mechanical means of storing energy. Let's consider some applications for flywheel UPS technology.
Applications for a flywheel UPS
Many people measure backup quality in minutes — they think the more, the better. However, this metric is unrealistic for most applications. The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. Thus, you need just a few seconds of ride-through per event. A properly sized UPS will provide just that.
Today's flywheel UPSs use a single conversion design and don't have long backup times. So, on first examination, it appears the flywheel UPS isn't suitable for a data center. Let's look at why this assumption is shaky.
Suppose you get 10 voltage dips or outages in a typical week. That means 10 hits to your batteries. Anyone familiar with batteries knows they last much longer when you don't use them. A cell degrades with each use — no matter how small. That's why you can use it only so many times before it wears out.
We know the rated life spans of batteries are optimistic at best. Five years is a typical limit to a cell's life. Thus, you will take your battery out of service at least once every five years, in addition to normal maintenance. However, the flywheel UPS has a service life of 20 years.
A flywheel UPS (placed ahead of your batteries) eliminates most hits your batteries take and increases cell life significantly. The resultant longer replacement cycle reduces purchase costs and saves your battery capacity for when you really need it. Plus, you have the flywheel UPS online during cell changeout.
Do the cost savings absorb the cost of the added flywheel UPS? That depends on many factors, and in some cases you may not justify the cost. But such an application is certainly worth exploring, especially if you risk downtime during each cycle of battery replacement.
Here's another application to consider. The Achilles' heel of standby generator systems is the battery. By using a flywheel UPS to start your generator, you eliminate the cause of most generator system failures. Now let's look at some other advantages that flywheels provide.
Known ride-through
What's the real capacity of a battery system? Given the rampant inattention to battery maintenance, few owners can estimate their available battery ride-through time within 50%. But by using a flywheel-based UPS, you know the exact speed of the flywheel and the amount of energy it stores. So, you know the available ride-through time.
Temperature insensitivity
Chemical storage is a temperature-sensitive proposition. Batteries lose capacity as temperature rises. But, it gets worse. In the interest of saving square footage, many owners stack cells three and four tiers high. This creates several problems, including a temperature gradient between each tier. That gradient makes it impossible to set up a proper float charge for the whole battery.
A flywheel UPS can operate at temperatures as high as 40°C. In models currently on the market, the form factor eliminates the temptation to stack one on top of the other. But even if you did stack these, the temperature gradient would be irrelevant.
Ventilation not required
The flywheel UPS doesn't produce gas, whereas UPS batteries do. A wet-cell battery requires frequently changed, relatively cool air. Without adequate ventilation, a buildup of combustible gases produces an unacceptable situation. While valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries have been hyped as “maintenance-free,” they are actually more maintenance-intensive than wet cells. They also require some degree of ventilation.
Low space requirements
Batteries require huge rooms for housing — and that means ample floor space. For example, the five-minute battery of a 400kW UPS requires about 200 sq ft. This translates into 200 sq ft of support space for every 2000 sq ft of raised floor. System redundancy can increase the floor space requirement to 400 sq ft per 2000 sq ft of raised floor. So, nearly 20% of the floor space produces no revenue because of the basic UPS equipment. You need space for ancillary equipment (e.g., air handlers) that accompanies the UPS, too. A comparable flywheel UPS uses about a fourth of the floor space a battery uses, and it doesn't require special air handling.
Reduced weight
A flywheel UPS weighs about a fourth as much as a comparable battery system. The floor loading of a battery requires structural strengthening that may be prohibitively expensive, especially in a high-rise.
Reduced lead times
The lead time for obtaining a battery now runs six to 12 months — depending on what cells you buy and what kind of battery you configure. Flywheel UPS lead time is a fraction of this, at present.
Toxic-waste reduction
The EPA requires you to document every step of battery disposal, from de-installation to receipt of the batteries at a certified recycling facility. The high maintenance requirements of batteries, especially VRLAs, expose maintenance people to dangerous voltages and toxic materials. To avoid exposure to lead dust, you must use special equipment and procedures to clean lead-plated connection bars and battery posts. Batteries also require acid spill containment and spill recovery procedures. Flywheel energy storage systems require very little maintenance and do not involve hazardous materials or toxic substances.
Flywheel in your future?
No single technology can solve all problems, and flywheel technology is no exception. Its weaknesses include a high initial cost and short ride-through. These weaknesses are no problem for some applications, but prohibit the flywheel UPS from replacing a battery-based UPS in others. In those cases, you can often build a strong economic and operational case for using a flywheel UPS to complement and enhance your battery backup. Only a thorough analysis of your system and your company's priorities will tell you which way to go.
Why Batteries Fail Battery cells fail for many reasons, including:
Incorrect battery design
Most designs result in cells stacked too high, too close together, or even facing the wrong direction.
Incorrect floating charge
Owners fail to consider key variables when deciding on the floating charge. For example, cells arranged in tiers will have a different charge requirement for each tier.
Incorrect cell maintenance metrics
Internal cell resistance has a proven high accuracy for determining weak cells, yet most owners rely on hygrometer readings instead. Hygrometer readings are largely irrelevant to determining battery condition. Most owners feel they are saving money by using a cheaper test than ensuring their batteries work. Premature failure is inevitable.
No attention to intercell connectors
There is no excuse for a battery ever to have heavily corroded intercell connectors. Yet, such corrosion seems to be the rule, not the exception.
Untrained maintenance personnel
A huge number of case histories document poor battery-maintenance practices that proper training would have prevented. Some of these practices center on workmanship, basic testing procedures, and even knowing what to look for. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39360 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Name, symbol Aluminium-26,26Al
Neutrons 13
Protons 13
Nuclide data
Natural abundance trace (cosmogenic)
Half-life 7.17×105 years
Spin 5+
Decay mode Decay energy
β+, γ, x-rays γ 1.808,[1] MeV
ε fill in, please MeV
Aluminium-26 also emits gamma rays and X-rays,[2] and is one of the few radionuclides to emit X-rays. Because it is radioactive it should be stored behind at least 5 cm (2 in) of lead and special tools should be used for transfer, use, and storage. Contact with 26Al may result in radiological contamination.[3][clarification needed][clarification needed]
Dating of meteorites[edit]
Occurrence in the interstellar medium[edit]
The distribution of ²⁶Al in Milky Way
The gamma emission at 1809 keV was the first observed gamma emission from the galactic center. The observation was made by the HEAO-3 satellite in 1984.[4][5]
The isotope is mainly produced in supernovae ejecting many radioactive nuclides in the interstellar medium. The isotope is believed to provide enough heat also to small planetary bodies, such as has been in the early history of the asteroids 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, heating so as to differentiate their interiors.[6][7][8] This isotope also features in hypotheses regarding the equatorial bulge of Saturn's moon Iapetus.[9]
Before 1954, the measured half-life of aluminium-26 was determined to be 6.3 seconds.[10] After theoretical evidence occurred that this could be the half-life of a metastable state (isomer) of aluminium-26, the ground state was produced by bombardment of magnesium-26 and magnesium-25 with deuterons in the cyclotron of the University of Pittsburgh.[11] The first half-life was determined to be in the range of 106 years. The Fermi beta decay half-life of the aluminium-26 metastable state is of interest in the experimental testing of two components of the standard model, namely, the conserved-vector-current hypothesis and the required unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.[12] The decay is superallowed. The 2011 measurement of the half life of Al-26(m) is 6346.54 ± 0.46(statistical) ± 0.60(system) milliseconds.[13]
See also[edit]
Isotopes of aluminium
1. ^ Thomas, J. H.; Rau, R. L.; Skelton, R. T.; Kavanagh, "Half-life of 26Al" R. W. Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics), Volume 30, Issue 1, July 1984, pp.385-387.
2. ^ "Nuclide Safety Data Sheet Aluminum-26".
3. ^ "Nuclide Safety Data Sheet Aluminum-26". National Health& Physics Society. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
4. ^ HEAO 3 discovery of Al-26 in the interstellar medium. Bibcode:1984ApJ...286..578M. doi:10.1086/162632.
5. ^ Kohman, T. P. (1997). "Aluminum-26: A nuclide for all seasons". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 219 (2): 165. doi:10.1007/BF02038496.
6. ^ Moskovitz, Nicholas; Gaidos, Eric (2011). "Differentiation of planetesimals and the thermal consequences of melt migration". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 46 (6): 903–918. arXiv:1101.4165. Bibcode:2011M&PS...46..903M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01201.x.
7. ^ Zolotov, M. Yu. (2009). "On the Composition and Differentiation of Ceres". Icarus 204 (1): 183–193. Bibcode:2009Icar..204..183Z. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.06.011.
10. ^ Hollander, J. M.; Perlman, I.; Seaborg, G. T. (1953). "Table of Isotopes". Reviews of Modern Physics 25 (2): 469–651. Bibcode:1953RvMP...25..469H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.25.469.
11. ^ "Long-Lived Radioactive Aluminum 26". Physical Reviews 96 (6): 1711–1712. 1954. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.96.1711. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39361 | Approaching Normal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Approaching Normal
Studio album by Blue October
Released March 24, 2009 (2009-03-24)
Recorded August 18, 2008 - October 24, 2008 in Austin, Texas and Tokyo, Japan
Genre Alternative rock
Length 48:10 (Explicit version)
48:03 (Edited version)
Label Universal Records
Producer Steve Lillywhite
Blue October chronology
Foiled for the Last Time
Approaching Normal
Ugly Side: An Acoustic Evening With Blue October
Singles from Approaching Normal
1. "Dirt Room"
Released: December 23, 2008
2. "Say It"
Released: April 24, 2009
3. "Jump Rope"
Released: November 20, 2009
4. "Should Be Loved"
Released: April 9, 2010
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 2/5 stars[1]
Arkansas Democrat Gazette favorable[2]
Billboard favorable[3]
Entertainment Weekly B−[4]
Hollywood Reporter favorable[5]
People Magazine 2.5/5 stars[6]
Rock Sound 7/10 stars[7]
Rolling Stone 2/5 stars[8]
Approaching Normal is the fifth studio album by alternative rock band Blue October.[9] The album was released on March 24, 2009[10] and debuted at number thirteen on the Billboard charts.
Justin Furstenfeld unveiled the title and tentative track listing on Blue October's website on January 31, 2008. Pre-production of the album began at the beginning of 2008 with demos being recorded at 5am Studio in Austin, Texas[11] The recording sessions for the album began on August 18, 2008, and were completed on October 24, 2008,[12] with the band recording the album at Willie Nelson's Pedernales Studios near Austin with Grammy Award-winning producer Steve Lillywhite.[13] They also recorded part of the album in Sony Recordings in Tokyo, Japan.[11] Post-production was completed on January 8, 2009.
The track listing consists of several new songs, as well as songs that Blue October and 5591 have performed live. A live version of the song "Weight of the World" appeared on Blue October's 2004 album, Argue With a Tree. The song "Say It" was first performed at KDGE's Edgefest 17 on April 27, 2008[14] The festival was Steve Lillywhite's first time seeing Blue October perform, and the band's set, especially the song "Say It" cemented his desire to produce Blue October's next album.[15]
During an interview with the music webzine Playback:Stl, Justin described the song "Blue Skies" as being one of the few happy songs he has written, saying, "There's nothing negative about it. It's all about beauty. It's really, really pretty and really, really happy, but it's going to be rocked out so crazy that people will kind of forget that it's a lovey lovey, dovey song."[16]
During concerts on July 4 and 5, 2008, Justin Furstenfeld confirmed that "Say It" and "Weight of the World" would be on the new album. On July 23, 2008, during a web chat with fans, Jeremy Furstenfeld confirmed the song "Dirt Room" would be on the album, and that of the new songs the band was recording, it was his favorite. Justin Furstenfeld first performed the songs "Blue Skies" and "My Never" at Stephenie Meyer's Breaking Dawn concerts in August 2008. Furstenfeld also confirmed March 2009 as the anticipated release date for the album.
The first single from the album, "Dirt Room" was performed live by the band during concerts in December 2008. Immediately following the concerts, radio stations in Austin, Dallas and Houston put the song into rotation. The single reached radio nationally on January 13, 2009, and was available to digital outlets on December 23, 2008.[10] The song "Say It" is the second single and was released on April 24, 2009.[17] The song "Should Be Loved" is the third single.
Blue October released the song "Graceful Dancing" via an email gift to the public on January 7, 2009.[18] The song "Kangaroo Cry" was released on the NCIS official soundtrack on February 10, 2009[19] and featured in the coda of the season 7 Christmas episode, "Faith".
The album was released for pre-order on March 3, 2009. The album entered the Billboard chart at #13 with sales of 33,778 and fell out of the top 50 in its second week. The album has sold 185,978 to date.
Songs selection[edit]
On October 21, 2008, Justin Furstenfeld confirmed the twelve songs to be released on the album.[20] and that two versions of the album would be released; one version with explicit lyrics, and one version with censored lyrics. A different bonus track would be included on each version.[21] Approaching Normal is also the first Blue October album to be released on vinyl, with the vinyl version including all of the bonus tracks.
Track listing[edit]
No. Title Writer(s) Length
1. "Weight of the World" Justin Furstenfeld 4:05
2. "Say It" Justin Furstenfeld 3:38
3. "Dirt Room" Justin Furstenfeld, C.B. Hudson III*, Jeremy Furstenfeld*
Ryan Delahoussaye*, Matt Noveskey*
4. "Been Down" Justin Furstenfeld 4:19
5. "My Never" Justin Furstenfeld 3:47
6. "Should Be Loved" Justin Furstenfeld 4:02
7. "Kangaroo Cry" Justin Furstenfeld, Jeremy Furstenfeld* 4:53
8. "Picking Up Pieces" Justin Furstenfeld 4:22
9. "Jump Rope" Justin Furstenfeld 3:22
10. "Blue Skies" Justin Furstenfeld 3:44
11. "Blue Does" Justin Furstenfeld 3:27
• Produced by Steve Lillywhite
• Mixed by Steve Lillywhite and CJ Eiriksson
• Engineered by CJ Eiriksson
• Mastering: Gavin Lurssen at Lurssen Mastering
• Co-writer for "The End": Patrick Leonard
• A&R: Paul Nugent for Brando Records
• Executive Producer: Sylvia Rhone
• A&R Coordination: Elizabeth Vago for Universal Motown
• A&R Administration: Michele Goldberg for Universal Motown
• Art Direction: Joe Spix and Justin Furstenfeld
• Design: Joe Spix
• Photography: Chapman Baehler
• Photo Model: Kathryn Olsen
• Management: Paul Nugent, Mike Swinford and Randy Miller for Rainmaker Artists
• Booking Agent: Kevin Daly for Monterey International
• Label: Brando/Universal Motown
1. ^ Allmusic review
2. ^ Arkansas Democrat Gazette review
3. ^ Billboard review
4. ^ Entertainment Weekly review
5. ^ Hollywood Reporter review
6. ^ People Magazine review
7. ^ Durham, Victoria (June 2009). "Blue October – Approaching Normal." Rock Sound (123): 81. ISSN 1465-0185.
8. ^ Rolling Stone review
9. ^ Justin Furstenfeld (2008-01-31). "Songs Thus Far For Preproduction on Next Album".
10. ^ a b "Blue October Set Date For ‘Approaching Normal’". 2008-12-10.
11. ^ a b "Blue October and Universal Motown Records Choose 5am Studios for New Album Pre-Production".
12. ^ Justin Furstenfeld (2008-10-21). "The Label Came to Hear the Album".
13. ^ Meghan Jones (2008-06-02). "Catching Up With...Steve Lillywhite".
14. ^ "Blue October at Edgefest 2008". .
16. ^ Laura Hamlett (2006-02-26). "Blue October : Some Sort of Crazy".
17. ^ Scott Kiefer (2009-04-02). "Blue October bring rock act to The Pageant Sunday night".
18. ^ Justin Furstenfeld (2009-01-02). "Special Gift".
19. ^ Official Blue October e-mail subscription.
20. ^ Justin Furstenfeld. "The Label Came to Hear the Album".
21. ^ Gary Graff (2006-12-30). "Blue October Expands Reach On New Album". |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39362 | B. S. Johnson
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Bryan Stanley Johnson
Born (1933-02-05)5 February 1933
Died 13 November 1973(1973-11-13) (aged 40)
London, England
Occupation Novelist, poet, director, editor, sports reporter
Nationality English
Period Early 1960s to early 1970s
Genres Fictional prose
Literary movement Modernism
Notable work(s) Albert Angelo, Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry
Bryan Stanley Johnson (5 February 1933 – 13 November 1973) was an English experimental novelist, poet, literary critic, producer of television programmes and filmmaker.
Early life[edit]
Born into a working class family, Johnson was evacuated from London during World War II and left school at sixteen to work variously as an accounting clerk, bank junior and clerk at Standard Oil Company. However, he taught himself Latin in the evenings, attended a year's pre-university course at Birkbeck College and, with this preparation, managed to pass the university entrance exam for King's College London.[citation needed]
After he graduated with a 2:2, Johnson wrote a series of increasingly experimental and often acutely personal novels that would now be considered visual writing. In his early years he collaborated on several projects with a close friend and fellow writer, Zulfikar Ghose, with whom he produced a joint collection of stories, Statement Against Corpses. Like Johnson's early stories (at least superficially) his first two novels, Travelling People (1963) and Albert Angelo (1964), at first appear relatively conventional in plot terms. However, the first novel uses several innovative devices and includes a section set out as a filmscript. The second includes famously cut-through pages to enable the reader to skip forward. His work became progressively even more experimental. The Unfortunates (1969) was published in a box with no binding (readers could assemble the book any way they liked, apart from the chapters marked 'First' and 'Last' which did indicate preferred terminal points) and House Mother Normal (1971) was written in purely chronological order such that the various characters' thoughts and experiences would cross each other and become intertwined, not just page by page, but sentence by sentence.[citation needed]
Johnson led and associated with a loosely-constituted circle of 'experimental' authors in Sixties Britain, which included Alan Burns, Eva Figes, Rayner Heppenstall, Ann Quin, Stefan Themerson, and Wilson Harris among others. Many of these figures contributed to London Consequences, a novel consisting of a palimpsest of chapters passed between a range of participating authors and set in London, edited by Margaret Drabble and Johnson. Johnson also made numerous experimental films, published poetry, and wrote reviews, short stories and plays. For many years he was the poetry editor of Transatlantic Review.[citation needed]
He is mentioned several times in Paul Theroux's account of his friendship with V S Naipaul, Sir Vidia's Shadow'.
Death and legacy[edit]
At the age of 40, increasingly depressed by his failure to succeed commercially, and beset by family problems, Johnson committed suicide by slitting his wrists.[1]
Johnson was largely unknown to the wider reading public at the time of his death, but has a growing cult following. A critically acclaimed film adaptation of the last of the novels published while he was alive, Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry (1973), was released in 2000.[2] Singer-songwriter Joe Pernice paid tribute to Johnson on the 2006 Pernice Brothers album Live a Little. Jonathan Coe's 2004 biography Like a Fiery Elephant (winner of the 2005 Samuel Johnson prize) has already led to a renewal of interest in Johnson's work.
In April 2013 the British Film Institute released You're Human Like the Rest of Them, a collection of Johnson's films, as part of the BFI Flipside DVD series.[3]
Anthologies including those edited by Johnson[edit]
• The Evacuees (1968)
• London Consequences: A Novel (1972). A novel with each chapter composed by a different author including Johnson, Margaret Drabble, Paul Ableman and others
• All Bull: The National Servicemen (1973)
• Aren't You Rather Young to be Writing Your Memoirs? (1973). A collection of Johnson's shorter prose written between 1960 and 1973
• You Always Remember the First Time (1975)
Selected filmography[edit]
• You're Human Like the Rest of Them (1967)
• The Unfortunates (1969)
• The Smithsons on Housing (1970)[4]
• Paradigm (1969)
• B.S. Johnson on Dr. Samuel Johnson (1971)
• Unfair! (1970)
• Fat Man On A Beach (1973)
• Jonathan Coe. (2004) Like A Fiery Elephant: The Story of B.S. Johnson. Picador
Academic studies[edit]
1. ^ Coe, Jonathan (2004). Like a Fiery Elephant: The Story of B.S. Johnson. London: Picador. p. 480. ISBN 033035048X.
2. ^ Reviews of "Christie Malry's Own Double Entry"
3. ^ Citation required
4. ^ Sukhdev Sandhu "You're Human Like The Rest Of Them – the NFT's celebration of BS Johnson", telegraph.co.uk, 16 June 2009
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39363 | Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Artist's rendering of a bolide impact
A Wyoming (U.S.) rock with an intermediate claystone layer that contains 1000 times more iridium than the upper and lower layers. Picture taken at the San Diego Natural History Museum
Complex Cretaceous–Paleogene clay layer (gray) in the Geulhemmergroeve tunnels near Geulhem, The Netherlands. Finger is on the actual Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event,[a] formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction,[b] was a mass extinction of some three-quarters of plant and animal species on Earth—including all non-avian dinosaurs—that occurred over a geologically short period of time 66 million years (Ma) ago.[2][3] It marked the end of the Cretaceous period and with it, the entire Mesozoic Era, opening the Cenozoic Era which continues today.
As originally proposed by a team of scientists led by Luis Alvarez, it is now generally believed that the K–Pg extinction was triggered by a massive comet/asteroid impact and its catastrophic effects on the global environment, including a lingering impact winter that made it impossible for plants and plankton to carry out photosynthesis.[4] The impact hypothesis was bolstered by the discovery of the 180-kilometre-wide (112 mi) Chicxulub crater in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 1990s,[5] which provided conclusive evidence that the K–Pg boundary clay represented debris from an asteroid impact.[6] The fact that the extinctions occurred at the same time as the impact provides strong situational evidence that the K–Pg extinction was caused by the asteroid.[6] However, some scientists maintain the extinction was caused or exacerbated by other factors, such as volcanic eruptions,[7] climate change, and/or sea level change.
A wide range of species perished in the K–Pg extinction. The most well-known victims are the non-avian dinosaurs. However, the extinction also destroyed a plethora of other terrestrial organisms, including but not limited to; mammals, pterosaurs, birds,[8] lizards,[9] insects,[10][11] and plants.[12] In the oceans, the K–Pg extinction devastated the giant marine lizards (Mosasauridae), plesiosaurs, fish,[13] sharks, mollusks (especially ammonites) and many species of plankton. It is estimated that 75% or more of all species on Earth vanished.[14] Yet the devastation caused by the extinction also provided evolutionary opportunities. In the wake of the extinction, many groups underwent remarkable adaptive radiations — a sudden and prolific divergence into new forms and species within the disrupted and emptied ecological niches resulting from the event. Mammals in particular diversified in the Paleogene,[15] producing new forms such as horses, whales, bats, and primates. Birds,[16] fish[17] and perhaps lizards[9] also radiated.
Extinction patterns[edit]
Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic eon
Millions of years ago
The K–Pg extinction event was severe, global, rapid, and selective. In terms of severity, the event eliminated a vast number of species. Based on marine fossils, it is estimated that 75% or more of all species were wiped out by the K–Pg extinction.[18] This is a rough estimate. It is difficult to estimate diversity for modern ecosystems, let alone for fossil ones, and the data are derived primarily from marine invertebrates. Terrestrial organisms, especially insects, represent much of the diversity, but have a poorer record. Despite this, the high levels of extinction seen in terrestrial and marine fossils indicate that the K–Pg extinction is the most severe extinction in the past 250 million years.
The K–Pg extinction was a global event. The event appears to have hit all continents at the same time. Dinosaurs, for example, are known from the Maastrichtian of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Antarctica,[19] but are unknown from the Cenozoic anywhere in the world. Similarly, fossil pollen show devastation of the plant communities in areas as far flung as New Mexico, Alaska, China, and New Zealand.[12] The event also affected all seas and oceans. Widespread groups such as mosasaurs and ammonites disappeared around the world. Furthermore, the extinctions occurred at the same time on land and in the sea.
The fossil record shows that the tempo of the K–Pg extinction was extremely rapid, occurring on a scale of thousands of years or less.[citation needed] In some cases, it is possible to study fossils on a very fine scale - centimeter-by-centimeter - through the K–Pg rocks. Examples include marine microfossils, such as calcareous nanoplankton and foraminifera, and terrestrial plant pollen. Here, the fossils show that the ecosystem remained relatively stable up to the K–Pg boundary, at which point many species suddenly vanish. For groups with a poorer fossil record, such as dinosaurs, fossils are unlikely to be preserved just below the K–Pg boundary. For example, only a few dozen Tyrannosaurus skeletons are known, and so the odds of finding one a few centimeters below the boundary are low. This effect, called the Signor–Lipps effect, causes many species to appear to vanish before the K–Pg boundary, creating the illusion of gradual extinction. Nevertheless, improved sampling shows that groups once thought to undergo a slow decline, such as dinosaurs, actually disappear suddenly near the K–Pg boundary. Reworking—when fossils are eroded from older rocks and deposited into younger rocks—can also make extinction appear gradual. For example, in the Bug Creek Anthills beds in Montana, dinosaur fossils occur alongside mammals from the earliest Paleocene, which created the illusion that dinosaurs dwindled as mammals radiated. Reworked fossils are recognized because they tend to be rare and are often damaged by the reworking.
The patterns are critical to understanding the cause of the extinctions. The fact that the extinction is severe, global, and rapid suggests that the extinctions result from a severe, global, and rapid environmental disturbance: an environmental catastrophe. In the 1970s and 1980s, this led scientists to seriously consider catastrophic mechanisms such as supernovas, volcanic eruptions, and asteroids, and sparked new interest in catastrophism in geology and paleontology.
The extinction was also highly selective. Some groups were relatively unaffected, others were devastated, and some were eliminated entirely. Many species of alligator, turtle, and salamander survived, for example. Mammals, birds, and lizards suffered high rates of extinction. Non-avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs were wiped out entirely.
Even though the boundary event was severe, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades. Species that depended on photosynthesis declined or became extinct as atmospheric particles blocked sunlight and reduced the solar energy reaching the Earth's surface. This plant extinction caused a major reshuffling of the dominant plant groups.[20] Photosynthesizing organisms, including phytoplankton and land plants, formed the foundation of the food chain in the late Cretaceous as they do today. Evidence suggests that herbivorous animals died out when the plants they depended on for food became scarce. Consequently, top predators such as Tyrannosaurus rex also perished.
Coccolithophorids and molluscs (including ammonites, rudists, freshwater snails and mussels), and those organisms whose food chain included these shell builders, became extinct or suffered heavy losses. For example, it is thought that ammonites were the principal food of mosasaurs, a group of giant marine reptiles that became extinct at the boundary.[21]
Omnivores, insectivores and carrion-eaters survived the extinction event, perhaps because of the increased availability of their food sources. At the end of the Cretaceous there seems to have been no purely herbivorous or carnivorous mammals. Mammals and birds that survived the extinction fed on insects, worms, and snails, which in turn fed on dead plant and animal matter. Scientists hypothesize that these organisms survived the collapse of plant-based food chains because they fed on detritus (non-living organic material).[22][23][24]
In stream communities few animal groups became extinct because stream communities rely less directly on food from living plants and more on detritus that washes in from land, buffering them from extinction.[25] Similar, but more complex patterns have been found in the oceans. Extinction was more severe among animals living in the water column than among animals living on or in the sea floor. Animals in the water column are almost entirely dependent on primary production from living phytoplankton while animals living on or in the ocean floor feed on detritus or can switch to detritus feeding.[22]
The K–Pg boundary represents one of the most dramatic turnovers in the fossil record for various calcareous nanoplankton that formed the calcium deposits that gave the Cretaceous its name. The turnover in this group is clearly marked at the species level.[26][27] Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a sharp increase in extinctions than by a decrease in speciation.[28] The K–Pg boundary record of dinoflagellates is not as well-understood, mainly because only microbial cysts provide a fossil record, and not all dinoflagellate species have cyst-forming stages, thereby likely causing diversity to be underestimated.[22] Recent studies indicate that there were no major shifts in dinoflagellates through the boundary layer.[29]
Radiolaria have left a geological record since at least the Ordovician times, and their mineral fossil skeletons can be tracked across the K–Pg boundary. There is no evidence of mass extinction of these organisms, and there is support for high productivity of these species in southern high latitudes as a result of cooling temperatures in the early Paleocene.[22] Approximately 46% of diatom species survived the transition from the Cretaceous to the Upper Paleocene. This suggests a significant turnover in species, but not a catastrophic extinction of diatoms, across the K–Pg boundary.[22][30]
The occurrence of planktonic foraminifera across the K–Pg boundary has been studied since the 1930s.[31][32] Research spurred by the possibility of an impact event at the K–Pg boundary resulted in numerous publications detailing planktonic foraminiferal extinction at the boundary.[22] However, there is debate ongoing between groups that believe the evidence indicates substantial extinction of these species at the K–Pg boundary,[33] and those who believe the evidence supports multiple extinctions and expansions through the boundary.[34][35]
Numerous species of benthic foraminifera became extinct during the K–Pg extinction event, presumably because they depend on organic debris for nutrients, since the biomass in the ocean is thought to have decreased. However, as the marine microbiota recovered, it is thought that increased speciation of benthic foraminifera resulted from the increase in food sources.[22] Phytoplankton recovery in the early Paleocene provided the food source to support large benthic foraminiferal assemblages, which are mainly detritus-feeding. Ultimate recovery of the benthic populations occurred over several stages lasting several hundred thousand years into the early Paleocene.[36][37]
Marine invertebrates[edit]
There is variability in the fossil record as to the extinction rate of marine invertebrates across the K–Pg boundary. The apparent rate is influenced by the lack of fossil records rather than actual extinction.[22]
Ostracods, a class of small crustaceans that were prevalent in the upper Maastrichtian, left fossil deposits in a variety of locations. A review of these fossils shows that ostracode diversity was lower in the Paleocene than any other time in the Cenozoic. However, current research cannot ascertain whether the extinctions occurred prior to or during the boundary interval itself.[38][39]
The numbers of cephalopod, echinoderm, and bivalve genera exhibited significant diminution after the K–Pg boundary.[22] Most species of brachiopods, a small phylum of marine invertebrates, survived the K–Pg extinction event and diversified during the early Paleocene.
There are substantial fossil records of jawed fishes across the K–Pg boundary, which provides good evidence of extinction patterns of these classes of marine vertebrates. Within cartilaginous fish, approximately 80% of the sharks, rays, and skates families survived the extinction event,[22] and more than 90% of teleost fish (bony fish) families survived.[47] There is evidence of a mass kill of bony fishes at a fossil site immediately above the K–Pg boundary layer on Seymour Island near Antarctica, apparently precipitated by the K–Pg extinction event.[48] However, the marine and freshwater environments of fishes mitigated environmental effects of the extinction event.[49]
Terrestrial invertebrates[edit]
Insect damage to the fossilized leaves of flowering plants from fourteen sites in North America were used as a proxy for insect diversity across the K–Pg boundary and analyzed to determine the rate of extinction. Researchers found that Cretaceous sites, prior to the extinction event, had rich plant and insect-feeding diversity. However, during the early Paleocene, flora were relatively diverse with little predation from insects, even 1.7 million years after the extinction event.[50][51]
Terrestrial plants[edit]
There is overwhelming evidence of global disruption of plant communities at the K–Pg boundary.[12][12][52][53] Extinctions are seen both in studies of fossil pollen, and fossil leaves.[12] In North America, the data suggest massive devastation and mass extinction of plants at the K–Pg boundary sections, although there were substantial megafloral changes before the boundary.[12][54] In North America, approximately 57% of plant species became extinct. In high southern hemisphere latitudes, such as New Zealand and Antarctica the mass die-off of flora caused no significant turnover in species, but dramatic and short-term changes in the relative abundance of plant groups.[50][55] In some regions, Paleocene recovery of plants began with recolonizations by fern species, represented as a fern spike in the geologic record; this same pattern of fern recolonization was observed after the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.[56] However the patterns of recovery were quite variable. Different fern species were responsible for the fern spike in different areas, and in some regions, no fern spike is evident.
Due to the wholesale destruction of plants at the K–Pg boundary there was a proliferation of saprotrophic organisms such as fungi that do not require photosynthesis and use nutrients from decaying vegetation. The dominance of fungal species lasted only a few years while the atmosphere cleared and there was plenty of organic matter to feed on. Once the atmosphere cleared, photosynthetic organisms like ferns and other plants returned.[57] Polyploidy appears to have enhanced the ability of flowering plants to survive the extinction, probably because the additional copies of the genome such plants possessed allowed them to more readily adapt to the rapidly changing environmental conditions that followed the impact.[58]
There is limited evidence for extinction of amphibians at the K–Pg boundary. A study of fossil vertebrates across the K–Pg boundary in Montana concluded that no species of amphibian became extinct.[59] Yet there are several species of Maastrichtian amphibian, not included as part of this study, which are unknown from the Paleocene. These include the frog Theatonius lancensis [60] and the albanerpetontid Albanerpeton galaktion;[61] therefore some amphibians do seem to have become extinct at the boundary. The relatively low levels of extinction seen among amphibians probably reflect the low extinction rates seen in freshwater animals.[62]
Non-archosaur reptiles[edit]
Large marine reptiles such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs died out by the end of the Cretaceous.
The two living non-archosaurian reptile taxa, testudines (turtles) and lepidosaurs (snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenians (worm lizards)), along with choristoderes (semi-aquatic archosauromorphs that died out in the early Miocene), survived through the K–Pg boundary.[22] Over 80% of Cretaceous turtle species passed through the K–Pg boundary. Additionally, all six turtle families in existence at the end of the Cretaceous survived into the Paleogene and are represented by current species.[63] Living lepidosaurs include Rhynchocephalia (tuataras) and Squamata. The Rhynchocephalia were a widespread and relatively successful group of lepidosaurs in the early Mesozoic, but began to decline by the mid-Cretaceous. They are represented today by a single genus located exclusively in New Zealand.[64]
The order Squamata, which is represented today by lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians, radiated into various ecological niches during the Jurassic and were successful throughout the Cretaceous. They survived through the K–Pg boundary and are currently the most successful and diverse group of living reptiles with more than 6,000 extant species. No known family of terrestrial squamates became extinct at the boundary, and fossil evidence indicates they did not suffer any significant decline in numbers. Their small size, adaptable metabolism, and ability to move to more favorable habitats were key factors in their survivability during the late Cretaceous and early Paleocene.[22][63] Giant non-archosaurian aquatic reptiles such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, which were the top marine predators of their time, became extinct by the end of the Cretaceous.[65][66] This is most likely due to their size, which meant they were less able to adapt during the aftermath of the extinction event.
The archosaur clade includes two living orders, crocodilians (of which Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae and Gavialidae are the only surviving families) and dinosaurs (of which birds are the sole surviving members), along with the extinct non-avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs.
Ten families of crocodilians or their close relatives are represented in the Maastrichtian fossil records, of which five died out prior to the K–Pg boundary.[67] Five families have both Maastrichtian and Paleocene fossil representatives. All of the surviving families of crocodyliforms inhabited freshwater and terrestrial environments—except for the Dyrosauridae, which lived in freshwater and marine locations. Approximately 50% of crocodyliform representatives survived across the K–Pg boundary, the only apparent trend being that no large crocodiles survived.[22] Crocodyliform survivability across the boundary may have resulted from their aquatic niche and ability to burrow, which reduced susceptibility to negative environmental effects at the boundary.[49] Jouve and colleagues suggested in 2008 that juvenile marine crocodyliforms lived in freshwater environments like modern marine crocodile juveniles, which would have helped them survive where other marine reptiles became extinct; freshwater environments were not as strongly affected by the K–Pg extinction event as marine environments.[68]
The Choristodera, a generally crocodile-like group of uncertain phylogeny (possibly archosaurian) also survived the event, only to go extinct in the Miocene.[69]
One family of pterosaurs, Azhdarchidae, was definitely present in the Maastrichtian, and it became extinct at the K–Pg boundary. These large pterosaurs were the last representatives of a declining group that contained 10 families during the mid-Cretaceous. Smaller pterosaurs became extinct prior to the Maastrichtian during a period that saw a decline in smaller animal species while larger species became more prevalent. Recently, several pterosaur taxa have been discovered dating to the Campanian/Maastrichtian, such as the ornithocheirids Piksi and "Ornithocheirus", possible pteranodontids and nyctosaurids, and a tapejarid.[70] While this was occurring, modern birds were undergoing diversification and replacing archaic birds and pterosaur groups, possibly due to direct competition, or they simply filled empty niches.[49][71][72] However, ecological overlap between birds and pterosaurs seems to have been minimal,[73][74][75] and it appears that pterosaur extinction seems to coincide with a bizarre "diversity freeze", with the sudden radiation of species in the Lower Cretaceous apparently simply ceasing to diversify, leaving them vulnerable to minor extinction events like the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum[76]
Most paleontologists regard birds as the only surviving dinosaurs (see Origin of birds). However, all non-neornithean birds became extinct, including flourishing groups like enantiornithines and hesperornithiforms.[77] Several analyses of bird fossils show divergence of species prior to the K–Pg boundary, and that duck, chicken and ratite bird relatives coexisted with non-avian dinosaurs.[78] Large collections of bird fossils representing a range of different species provides definitive evidence for the persistence of archaic birds to within 300,000 years of the K–Pg boundary. None of them are known to survive into the Paleogene, and their persistence into the latest Maastrichtian therefore provides strong evidence for a mass extinction of archaic birds coinciding with the Chicxulub asteroid impact. A small fraction of the Cretaceous bird species survived the impact, giving rise to today's birds.[79][80] So far, only a single bird species, which has not been named, has been confidently identified from both above and below the K–Pg boundary (it is present in the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation and Danian Fort Union Formation).[79] The only bird group known for certain to have survived the K–Pg boundary is the Neornithines (though one Paleogene species, Qinornis paleocenica, may represent a surviving non-neornithine bird).[79] Neornithines may have been able to survive the extinction as a result of their abilities to dive, swim, or seek shelter in water and marshlands. Many species of neornithines can build burrows, or nest in tree holes or termite nests, all of which provided shelter from the environmental effects at the K–Pg boundary. Long-term survival past the boundary was assured as a result of filling ecological niches left empty by extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.[49]
Non-avian dinosaurs[edit]
Tyrannosaurus was one of the last dinosaurs to live on Earth before the extinction.
Excluding a few controversial claims, scientists agree that all non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at the K–Pg boundary. The dinosaur fossil record has been interpreted to show both a decline in diversity and no decline in diversity during the last few million years of the Cretaceous, and it may be that the quality of the dinosaur fossil record is simply not good enough to permit researchers to distinguish between the options.[81] Since there is no evidence that late Maastrichtian nonavian dinosaurs could burrow, swim or dive, they were unable to shelter themselves from the worst parts of any environmental stress that occurred at the K–Pg boundary. It is possible that small dinosaurs (other than birds) did survive, but they would have been deprived of food as both herbivorous dinosaurs would have found plant material scarce, and carnivores would have quickly found prey in short supply.[49]
The growing consensus about the endothermy of dinosaurs (see dinosaur physiology) helps to understand their full extinction in contrast with their close relatives, the crocodilians. Ectothermic ("cold-blooded") crocodiles have very limited needs for food (they can survive several months without eating) while endothermic ("warm-blooded") animals of similar size need much more food to sustain their faster metabolism. Thus, under the circumstances of food chain disruption previously mentioned, non-avian dinosaurs died,[20] while some crocodiles survived. In this context, the survival of other endothermic animals, such as some birds and mammals, could be due, among other reasons, to their smaller needs for food, related to their small size at the extinction epoch.[82]
Whether the extinction occurred gradually or very suddenly has been debated, as both views have support in the fossil record. A study of 29 fossil sites in Catalan Pyrenees of Europe in 2010 supports that dinosaurs there had great diversity until the asteroid impact, with over 100 living species.[83] However, more recent research indicates that this figure is obscured by taphonomical biases and the scarcity of the continental fossil record. The results of this study, which were based on estimated real global biodiversity, showed that between 628 and 1078 non-avian dinosaur species were alive at the end of the Cretaceous and underwent sudden extinction after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[84] Alternatively, interpretation based on the fossil bearing rocks along the Red Deer River in Alberta, Canada, supports the gradual extinction of non-avian dinosaurs; during the last 10 million years of the Cretaceous layers there, the number of dinosaur species seems to have decreased from about 45 to about 12. Other scientists have pointed out the same.[85]
Several researchers support the existence of Paleocene dinosaurs. Evidence of this existence is based on the discovery of dinosaur remains in the Hell Creek Formation up to 1.3 m (4.3 ft) above and 40,000 years later than the K–Pg boundary.[86] Pollen samples recovered near a fossilized hadrosaur femur recovered in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone at the San Juan River indicate that the animal lived during the Cenozoic, approximately 64.5 Ma (about 1 million years after the K–Pg extinction event). If their existence past the K–Pg boundary can be confirmed, these hadrosaurids would be considered a dead clade walking.[87] Scientific consensus is that these fossils were eroded from their original locations and then re-buried in much later sediments (also known as reworked fossils).[88]
Hell Creek formation
All major Cretaceous mammalian lineages, including monotremes (egg-laying mammals), multituberculates, marsupials and placentals, dryolestoideans,[89] and gondwanatheres[90] survived the K–Pg extinction event, although they suffered losses. In particular, marsupials largely disappeared from North America, and the Asian deltatheroidans, primitive relatives of extant marsupials, became extinct.[91] In the Hell Creek beds of North America, at least half of the ten known multituberculate species and all eleven marsupial species are not found above the boundary.[81]
Mammalian species began diversifying approximately 30 million years prior to the K–Pg boundary. Diversification of mammals stalled across the boundary.[92] Current research indicates that mammals did not explosively diversify across the K–Pg boundary, despite the environment niches made available by the extinction of dinosaurs.[93] Several mammalian orders have been interpreted as diversifying immediately after the K–Pg boundary, including Chiroptera (bats) and Cetartiodactyla (a diverse group that today includes whales and dolphins and even-toed ungulates),[93] although recent research concludes that only marsupial orders diversified after the K–Pg boundary.[92]
K–Pg boundary mammalian species were generally small, comparable in size to rats; this small size would have helped them to find shelter in protected environments. In addition, it is postulated that some early monotremes, marsupials, and placentals were semiaquatic or burrowing, as there are multiple mammalian lineages with such habits today. Any burrowing or semiaquatic mammal would have had additional protection from K–Pg boundary environmental stresses.[49]
North American fossils[edit]
In North American terrestrial sequences, the extinction event is best represented by the marked discrepancy between the rich and relatively abundant late-Maastrichtian palynomorph record and the post-boundary fern spike.[52]
At present the most informative sequence of dinosaur-bearing rocks in the world from the K–Pg boundary is found in western North America, particularly the late Maastrichtian-age Hell Creek Formation of Montana, US. This formation, when compared with the older (approximately 75 Ma) Judith River/Dinosaur Park Formations (from Montana, USA, and Alberta, Canada, respectively) provides information on the changes in dinosaur populations over the last 10 million years of the Cretaceous. These fossil beds are geographically limited, covering only part of one continent.[81]
The middle–late Campanian formations show a greater diversity of dinosaurs than any other single group of rocks. The late Maastrichtian rocks contain the largest members of several major clades: Tyrannosaurus, Ankylosaurus, Pachycephalosaurus, Triceratops and Torosaurus,[94] which suggests food was plentiful immediately prior to the extinction.
In addition to rich dinosaur fossils, there are also plant fossils that illustrate the reduction in plant species across the K–Pg boundary. In the sediments below the K–Pg boundary the dominant plant remains are angiosperm pollen grains, but the actual boundary layer contains little pollen and is dominated by fern spores.[95] Normal pollen levels gradually resume above the boundary layer. This is reminiscent of areas blighted by modern volcanic eruptions, where the recovery is led by ferns, which are later replaced by larger angiosperm plants.[96]
Marine fossils[edit]
The mass extinction of marine plankton appears to have been abrupt and right at the K–Pg boundary.[97] Ammonite genera became extinct at or near the K–Pg boundary; however, there was a smaller and slower extinction of ammonite genera prior to the boundary that was associated with a late Cretaceous marine regression. The gradual extinction of most inoceramid bivalves began well before the K–Pg boundary, and a small, gradual reduction in ammonite diversity occurred throughout the very late Cretaceous.[98] Further analysis shows that several processes were in progress in the late Cretaceous seas and partially overlapped in time, then ended with the abrupt mass extinction.[98]
The scientific consensus is that bolide impact at the K–Pg boundary left tsunami deposits and sediments around the area of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.[99] These deposits have been identified in the La Popa basin in northeastern Mexico,[100] platform carbonates in northeastern Brazil,[101] and Atlantic deep-sea sediments.[102]
The length of time taken for the extinction to occur is a controversial issue, because some theories about the extinction's causes require a rapid extinction over a relatively short period (from a few years to a few thousand years) while others require longer periods. The issue is difficult to resolve because of the Signor–Lipps effect; that is, the fossil record is so incomplete that most extinct species probably died out long after the most recent fossil that has been found.[103] Scientists have also found very few continuous beds of fossil-bearing rock which cover a time range from several million years before the K–Pg extinction to a few million years after it.[22]
Chicxulub asteroid impact[edit]
Artist's impression of an asteroid striking Earth at the end of the Cretaceous
Evidence for impact[edit]
In 1980, a team of researchers consisting of Nobel prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez, his son geologist Walter Alvarez, and chemists Frank Asaro and Helen Michel discovered that sedimentary layers found all over the world at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary contain a concentration of iridium many times greater than normal (30, 160 and 20 times in three sections originally studied). Iridium is extremely rare in Earth's crust because it is a siderophile element, and therefore most of it travelled with the iron as it sank into Earth's core during planetary differentiation. As iridium remains abundant in most asteroids and comets, the Alvarez team suggested that an asteroid struck the Earth at the time of the K–Pg boundary.[4] There were earlier speculations on the possibility of an impact event, but this was the first hard evidence of an impact.[104]
This hypothesis was viewed as radical when first proposed, but additional evidence soon emerged. The boundary clay was found to be full of minute spherules of rock, crystallized from droplets of molten rock formed by the impact.[105] Shocked quartz and other minerals were also identified in the K–Pg boundary.[106][107] Shocked minerals have their internal structure deformed, and are created by intense pressures such as those associated with nuclear blasts or meteorite impacts. The identification of giant tsunami beds along the Gulf Coast and the Caribbean also provided evidence for impact,[108] and suggested that the impact may have occurred nearby—as did the discovery that the K–Pg boundary became thicker in the southern United States, with meter-thick beds of debris occurring in northern New Mexico.[12]
* Impact site
* Impact site
* Impact site
K/T impact site on a contemporary world map (65 mya)[109]
Radar topography reveals the 180 km-wide (112 mi) ring of the Chicxulub Crater.
Further research identified the giant Chicxulub crater, buried under Chicxulub on the coast of Yucatán, Mexico as the source of the K–Pg boundary clay. Identified in 1990[5] based on work by geophysicist Glen Penfield in 1978, the crater is oval, with an average diameter of roughly 180 kilometres (110 mi), about the size calculated by the Alvarez team.[110] The discovery of the crater – a necessary prediction of the impact hypothesis – provided conclusive evidence for a K–Pg impact, and strengthened the hypothesis that the extinction was caused by an impact.
In 2007, a hypothesis was put forth that argued the impactor that killed the dinosaurs belonged to the Baptistina family of asteroids.[111] Concerns have been raised regarding the reputed link, in part because very few solid observational constraints exist of the asteroid or family.[112] Indeed, it was recently discovered that 298 Baptistina does not share the same chemical signature as the source of the K–Pg impact.[113] Although this finding may make the link between the Baptistina family and K–Pg impactor more difficult to substantiate, it does not preclude the possibility.[113] A 2011 WISE study of reflected light from the asteroids of the family estimated the break-up at 80 Ma, giving it insufficient time to shift orbits and impact the Earth by 65 Ma.[114]
Paul Renne of the Berkeley Geochronology Center has reported that the date of the asteroid event is 65.043±0.011 million years ago, based on argon–argon dating. He further posits that the mass extinction occurred within 33,000 years of this date.[2][115]
Effects of impact[edit]
Such an impact would have inhibited photosynthesis by generating a dust cloud that blocked sunlight for a year or less, and by injecting sulfuric acid aerosols into the stratosphere, which would have reduced sunlight reaching the Earth's surface by 10–20%. It would take at least ten years for those aerosols to dissipate, which would account for the extinction of plants and phytoplankton, and of organisms dependent on them (including predatory animals as well as herbivores). Small creatures whose food chains were based on detritus would have a reasonable chance of survival.[82][97] The consequences of reentry of ejecta into Earth's atmosphere would include a brief (hours long) but intense pulse of infrared radiation, killing exposed organisms.[49] Global firestorms likely resulted from the heat pulse and the fall back to Earth of incendiary fragments from the blast. Recent research indicates that the global debris layer deposited by the impact contained enough soot to suggest that the entire terrestrial biosphere had burned.[116] The high O
levels during the late Cretaceous would have supported intense combustion. The level of atmospheric O
plummeted in the early Cenozoic era. If widespread fires occurred, they would have increased the CO
The impact may also have produced acid rain, depending on what type of rock the asteroid struck. However, recent research suggests this effect was relatively minor, lasting for approximately 12 years.[97] The acidity was neutralized by the environment, and the survival of animals vulnerable to acid rain effects (such as frogs) indicate this was not a major contributor to extinction. Impact theories can only explain very rapid extinctions, since the dust clouds and possible sulfuric aerosols would wash out of the atmosphere in a fairly short time—possibly within 10 years.[118]
The shape and location of the crater indicate further causes of devastation in addition to the dust cloud. The asteroid landed in the ocean and would have caused megatsunamis, for which evidence has been found in several locations in the Caribbean and eastern United States—marine sand in locations that were then inland, and vegetation debris and terrestrial rocks in marine sediments dated to the time of the impact. The asteroid landed in a bed of gypsum (calcium sulfate), which would have produced a vast sulfur dioxide aerosol. This would have further reduced the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface and then precipitated as acid rain, killing vegetation, plankton, and organisms that build shells from calcium carbonate (coccolithophores and molluscs). In February 2008, a team of researchers used seismic images of the crater to determine that the impactor landed in deeper water than was previously assumed. They argued that this would have resulted in increased sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere, which could have made the impact deadlier by altering climate and by generating acid rain.[119]
Most paleontologists now agree that an asteroid did hit the Earth at approximately the end of the Cretaceous, but there is an ongoing dispute whether the impact was the sole cause of the extinctions.[35][120] There is evidence that there was an interval of about 300 ka from the impact to the mass extinction.[121] In 1997, paleontologist Sankar Chatterjee drew attention to the proposed and much larger 600 km (370 mi) Shiva crater and the possibility of a multiple-impact scenario.
In March 2010 an international panel of scientists endorsed the asteroid hypothesis, specifically the Chicxulub impact, as being the cause of the extinction. A team of 41 scientists reviewed 20 years of scientific literature and in so doing also ruled out other theories such as massive volcanism. They had determined that a 10-to-15-kilometre (6.2 to 9.3 mi) space rock hurtled into Earth at Chicxulub on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. The collision would have released the same energy as 100 teratonnes of TNT (420 ZJ), over a billion times the energy of the bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.[6]
Alternative hypotheses[edit]
The fact that the extinctions occur at the same time as the Chicxulub asteroid impact strongly supports the impact hypothesis of extinction. However, some scientists continue to dispute the role of the Chicxulub impact in driving the extinction, and to suggest that other events may have contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. In particular, volcanic eruptions, climate change, sea level change, and other impact events have been suggested to play a role in driving the K–Pg extinction.
Deccan Traps[edit]
Before 2000, arguments that the Deccan Traps flood basalts caused the extinction were usually linked to the view that the extinction was gradual, as the flood basalt events were thought to have started around 68 Ma and lasted more than 2 million years. The most recent evidence shows that the traps erupted over a period of 800,000 years spanning the K–Pg boundary, and therefore may be responsible for the extinction and the delayed biotic recovery thereafter.[122]
Multiple impact event[edit]
Several other craters also appear to have been formed about the time of the K–Pg boundary. This suggests the possibility of near simultaneous multiple impacts, perhaps from a fragmented asteroidal object, similar to the Shoemaker–Levy 9 impact with Jupiter. In addition to the 180 km (110 mi) Chicxulub Crater, there is the 24 km (15 mi) Boltysh crater in Ukraine (65.17±0.64 Ma), the 20 km (12 mi) Silverpit crater, a suspected impact crater in the North Sea (62.5±2.5 Ma), and the controversial and much larger 600 km (370 mi) Shiva crater. Any other craters that might have formed in the Tethys Ocean would have been obscured by tectonic events like the relentless northward drift of Africa and India.[125][126][127][128]
Maastrichtian sea-level regression in the north and ingression in the south[edit]
There is clear evidence that sea levels fell in the final stage of the Cretaceous by more than at any other time in the Mesozoic era. In some Maastrichtian stage rock layers from various parts of the world, the later layers are terrestrial; earlier layers represent shorelines and the earliest layers represent seabeds. These layers do not show the tilting and distortion associated with mountain building, therefore, the likeliest explanation is a "regression", that is, a drop in sea level. There is no direct evidence for the cause of the regression, but the explanation currently accepted as most likely is that the mid-ocean ridges became less active and therefore sank under their own weight.[22][129]
An interesting aspect, very poorly studied up to now, is that in coincidence with the regression in the northern hemisphere, southern continents experienced a massive marine ingression, the first related to the Atlantic Ocean, that formed at least three vast epeiric seas in South America. One of them, over the Austral Basin, flooded southernmost Patagonia. Another one flooded Central Patagonia, reaching the Andes foothills, and the northernmost, entering across central Argentina (Buenos Aires Province) flooded the center of the country and reached southern Bolivia in the Potosi Basin.
Multiple causes[edit]
In a review article, J. David Archibald and David E. Fastovsky discussed a scenario combining three major postulated causes: volcanism, marine regression, and extraterrestrial impact. In this scenario, terrestrial and marine communities were stressed by the changes in and loss of habitats. Dinosaurs, as the largest vertebrates, were the first affected by environmental changes, and their diversity declined. At the same time, particulate materials from volcanism cooled and dried areas of the globe. Then, an impact event occurred, causing collapses in photosynthesis-based food chains, both in the already-stressed terrestrial food chains and in the marine food chains. The major difference between this hypothesis and the single-cause hypotheses is that its proponents view the suggested single causes as either not sufficient in strength to cause the extinctions or not likely to produce the taxonomic pattern of the extinction.[81]
Recovery and radiation[edit]
The K–Pg extinction had a profound effect on the evolution of life on earth. The elimination of dominant Cretaceous groups allowed other organisms to take their place, spurring a remarkable series of adaptive radiations in the Paleogene.[15] The most striking example is the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals. After the K–Pg extinction, mammals evolved rapidly to fill the niches left vacant by the dinosaurs. Within mammalian genera, new species were approximately 9.1% larger after the K–Pg boundary.[130]
Other groups also underwent major radiations. Based on molecular sequencing and fossil dating, Neoaves appeared to radiate after the K–Pg boundary.[16][131] They even produced giant, flightless forms, such as the herbivorous Gastornis and Dromornithidae, and the predatory Phorusrhacidae. The extinction of Cretaceous lizards and snakes may have led to the radiation of modern groups such as iguanas, monitor lizards, and boas.[9] On land, giant boid and enormous madtsoiid snakes appeared, and in the seas, giant sea snakes radiated. Teleost fish diversified explosively,[17] filling the niches left vacant by the extinction. Groups appearing in the Paleocene and Eocene include billfish, tunas, eels, and flatfish. Major changes are also seen in Paleogene insect communities. Many groups of ants were present in the Cretaceous, but in the Eocene ants became dominant and diverse, with larger colonies. Butterflies diversified as well, perhaps to take the place of leaf-eating insects wiped out by the extinction. The advanced mound-building termites, Termitidae, also rose to prominence.[132]
See also[edit]
References and notes[edit]
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Further reading[edit]
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39364 | Energy management
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Organizational integration[edit]
It is important to integrate the energy management in the organizational structure, so that the energy management can be implemented. Responsibilities and the interaction of the decision makers should be regularized. The delegation of functions and competencies extend from the top management to the executive worker. Furthermore, a comprehensive coordination can ensure the fulfillment of the tasks.
It is advisable to establish a separate organizational unit “energy management” in large or energy-intensive companies. This unit supports the senior management and keeps track. It depends on the basic form of the organizational structure, where this unit is connected. In case of a functional organization the unit is located directly between the first (CEO) and the second hierarchical level (corporate functions such as production, procurement, marketing). In a divisional organization, there should be a central and several sector-specific energy management units. So the diverse needs of the individual sectors and the coordination between the branches and the head office can be fulfilled. In a matrix organization the energy management can be included as a matrix function and thus approach most functions directly.
Looking at small and medium enterprises, energy management often is only a subtask of an executive. These organizations do not have the necessary capacity to fill a full-time position with corresponding responsibilities. Another option is outsourcing the energy-related issues and questions to an external service. This external service could contribute new knowledge and optimize processes based on its specialization.[2]
Energy management in operational functions[edit]
Facility Management[edit]
Facility management is an important part of energy management, because a huge proportion (average 25 per cent) of complete operating costs are energy costs. According to the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), facility management is "a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality of the built environment by integrating people, place, processes and technology."
The central task of energy management is to reduce costs for the provision of energy in buildings and facilities without compromising work processes. Especially the availability and service life of the equipment and the ease of use should remain the same. The German Facility Management Association (GEFMA e.V.) has published guidelines (e.g. GEFMA 124-1 and 124-2), which contain methods and ways of dealing with the integration of energy management in the context of a successful facility management.[3] In this topic the facility manager has to deal with economic, ecological, risk-based and quality-based targets. He tries to minimize the total cost of the energy-related processes (supply, distribution and use).[4]
The most important key figure in this context is kilowatt-hours per square meter per year (kWh/m²a). Based on this key figure properties can be classified according to their energy consumption.
• Europe: In Germany a low-energy house can have a maximum energy consumption of 70 kWh/m²a.
• North America: In the United States, the ENERGY STAR program is the largest program defining low-energy homes. Homes earning ENERGY STAR certification use at least 15% less energy than standard new homes built to the International Residential Code, although homes typically achieve 20%-30% savings.[5]
In comparison, the Passive house (Passivhaus in German) ultra-low-energy standard, currently undergoing adoption in some other European countries, has a maximum space heating requirement of 15 kWh/m²a. A Passive House is a very well-insulated and virtually air-tight building. It does not require a conventional heating system. It is heated by solar gain and internal gains from people. Energy losses are minimized.[6]
There are also buildings that produce more energy (for example by solar water heating or photovoltaic systems) over the course of a year than it imports from external sources. These buildings are called energy-plus-houses.[7]
In addition, the work regulations manage competencies, roles and responsibilities. Because the systems also include risk factors (e.g., oil tanks, gas lines), you must ensure that all tasks are clearly described and distributed. A clear regulation can help to avoid liability risks.[8]
Carriage of goods
Logistics is the management of the flow of resources between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet some requirements, for example of customers or corporations. Especially the core logistics task, transportation of the goods, can save costs and protect the environment through efficient energy management. The relevant factors are the choice of means of transportation, duration and length of transportation and cooperation with logistics service providers.
The logistics causes more than 14% percent of CO2 emissions worldwide. For this reason the term Green Logistics is becoming increasingly important.
Possible courses of action in terms of green logistics are:[9]
• Shift to ecofriendly transport carrier such as railroad and waterway
• Route and load optimization
• Formation of corporate networks, which are connected by logistics service
• Optimizing physical logistics processes by providing a sophisticated IT support
Organizations have the possibility to evaluate their logistics objectives and environmental strategies. For this purpose, there is software that calculates caused emissions based on indicators such as transport, type of fuel, route or driving distance. The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research from Heidelberg the Öko-Institut from Berlin, the Rail Management Consultants GmbH (RMCon/ IVE mbH) from Hanover developed a program that calculates environmental impacts of different carriers across the world. They were supported by five major European railway companies. The program is called EcoTransIT and is free-to-use. In addition to the direct emissions, the calculation also covers the indirect energy consumption (generation, transmission and distribution of energy).[10] The program is suitable for organizations of all sizes and can serve as the basis for the environmental balance.[11]
Besides transportation of goods, the transport of persons should be an important part of the logistic strategy of organizations. In case of business trips it is important to attract attention to the choice and the proportionality of the means of transport. It should be balanced whether a physical presence is mandatory or a telephone or video conference is just as useful. Home Office is another possibility in which the company can protect the environment indirectly.[12]
Energy procurement[edit]
Procurement is the acquisition of goods or services. Energy prices fluctuate constantly, which can significantly affect the energy bill of organizations. Therefore poor energy procurement decisions can be expensive. Organizations can control and reduce energy costs by taking a proactive and efficient approach to buying energy. Even a change of the energy source can be a profitable and eco-friendly alternative.[13]
Production is the act of creating output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals.[14] This central process may differ depending on the industry. Industrial companies have facilities that require a lot of energy. Service companies, in turn, do not need many materials, their energy-related focus is mainly facility management or Green IT. Therefore the energy-related focus has to be identified first, then evaluated and optimized.
Production planning and control[edit]
Usually, production is the area with the largest energy consumption within an organization. Therefore also the production planning and control becomes very important. It deals with the operational, temporal, quantitative and spatial planning, control and management of all processes that are necessary in the production of goods and commodities. The "production planner" should plan the production processes so that they operate on an energy efficient way. For example, strong power consumer can be moved into the night time. Peaks should be avoided for the benefit of a unified load profile.
The impending changes in the structure of energy production require an increasing demand for storage capacity. The Production planning and control has to deal with the problem of limited storability of energy. In principle there is the possibility to store energy electrically, mechanically or chemically. Another trend-setting technology is lithium-based electrochemical storage, which can be used in electric vehicles or as an option to control the power grid. The German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology realized the significance of this topic and established an initiative with the aim to promote technological breakthroughs and support the rapid introduction of new energy storage.[15]
Maintenance is the combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function.[16] Detailed maintenance is essential to support the energy management. Hereby power losses and cost increases can be avoided.[17]
Examples of how it is possible to save energy and costs with the help of maintenance:
• Defrost the fridges
• Check the barometer of cars and trucks
• Insulation of hot systems
• Improve leaks in building envelopes
Information technology[edit]
The center of an environmental and resource saving structure of information technology is Green IT. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.”[18] This includes the optimization of resource consumption during manufacturing, operation and disposing of computers. With the help of IT, work processes can be eliminated or improved energetically.[19]
• Production of devices: You should make sure that the equipment was manufactured resource-conserving and consume less power than comparable devices.
Energy Star Label
• Purchase and operation of equipment: Energy Staris an international standard for energy efficient consumer products originated in the United States of America. The Energy Star label can help to identify energy efficient devices. Important elements are for example more efficient power adapter, a modern stand-by and sleep mode.[20]
• IT support: Many programs support organizations to conserve energy. This includes large ERP systems as well as the IT support of small systems. There are also commercial energy management systems.
Energy Strategies[edit]
A long-term energy strategy should be part of the overall strategy of a company. This strategy may include the objective of increasing the use of renewable energies. Furthermore, criteria for decisions on energy investments, such as yield expectations, are determined.[21] By formulating an energy strategy companies have the opportunity to avoid risks and to assure a competitive advance against their business rivals.[22]
Potential energy strategies[edit]
According to Kals there are the following energy strategies:[23]
• Passive Strategy: There is no systematic planning. The issue of energy and environmental management is not perceived as an independent field of action. The organization only deals with the most essential subjects.
• Strategy of short-term profit maximization: The management is concentrating exclusively on measures that have a relatively short payback period and a high return. Measures with low profitability are not considered.
• Strategy of long-term profit maximization: This strategy includes that you have a high knowledge of the energy price and technology development. The relevant measures (for example, heat exchangers or power stations) can have durations of several decades. Moreover, these measures can help to improve the image and increase the motivation of the employees.
• Realization of all financially attractive energy measures: This strategy has the goal to implement all measures that have a positive return on investment.
• Maximum strategy: For the climate protection one is willing to change even the object of the company.
In reality, you usually find hybrid forms of different strategies.
Energy strategies of companies[edit]
Many companies are trying to promote its image and time protect the climate through a proactive and public energy strategy. General Motors (GM) strategy is based on continuous improvement. Furthermore they have six principles: e.g. restoring and preserving the environment, reducing waste and pollutants, educating the public about environmental conservation, collaboration for the development of environmental laws and regulations.[24]
Nokia created its first climate strategy in 2006. The strategy tries to evaluate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of products and operations and sets reduction targets accordingly.[25] Furthermore, their environmental efforts is based on four key issues: substance management, energy efficiency, recycling, promoting environmental sustainability.[26]
The energy strategy of Volkswagen (VW) is based on environmentally friendly products and a resource-efficient production according to the "Group Strategy 2018".[27] Almost all locations the of the Group are certified to the international standard ISO 14001 for environmental management systems.[28]
When looking at the energy strategies of companies it is important to you have the topic greenwashing in mind. This is a form of propaganda in which green strategies are used to promote the opinion that an organization's aims are environmentally friendly.[29]
Energy strategies of politics[edit]
Even many countries formulate energy strategies. The Swiss Federal Council decided in May 2011 to resign nuclear energy medium-dated. The nuclear power plants will be shut down at the end of life and will not be replaced. In Compensation they put the focus on energy efficiency, renewable energies, fossil energy sources and the development of water power.[30]
The European Union has clear instructions for its members. The "20-20-20-targets" include, that the Member States have to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% below 1990 levels, increase energy efficiency by 20% and achieve a 20% share of renewable energy in total energy consumption by 2020.[31]
Ethical and normative basis of the energy strategies[edit]
The basis of every energy strategy is the corporate culture and the related ethical standards applying in the company.[32] Ethics, in the sense of business ethics, examines ethical principles and moral or ethical issues that arise in a business environment. Ethical standards can appear in company guidelines, energy and environmental policies or other documents.
The most relevant ethical ideas for the energy management are:
• Utilitarianism: This form of ethics has the maxim that the one acts are good or right, whose consequences are optimal for the welfare of all those affected by the action (principle of maximum happiness). In terms of energy management, the existence of external costs should be considered. They do not directly affect those who profit from the economic activity but non-participants like future generations. This error in the market mechanism can be solved by the internalization of external costs.[33]
• Argumentation Ethics: This fundamental ethical idea says that everyone who is affected by the decision, must be involved in decision making. This is done in a fair dialogue, the result is completely uncertain.[34]
• Deontological ethics: The deontological ethics assigns individuals and organizations certain obligations. A general example is the golden rule: "One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself." Therefore everyone should manage their duties and make an energy economic contribution.[34]
See also[edit]
Management of energy in a particular context:
External links[edit]
• EcoTransIT - calculation of energy consumption and emission data
• Priva - Energy management and performance management
1. ^ VDI-Guideline VDI 4602, page 3, Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2007.
2. ^ Johannes Kals: Betriebliches Energiemanagement - Eine Einführung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-021133-9, S. 207 - 212.
3. ^ viewed 10 November 2012.[dead link]
4. ^ "viewed 10. November 2012". 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
5. ^ "Features of ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes." -, Retrieved 7 March 2008.
6. ^ "retrieved 8 December 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
7. ^ "retrieved 3 December 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
8. ^ Johannes Kals: Betriebliches Energiemanagement - Eine Einführung, p. 75 – 77, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-0211333-9
9. ^ "abgerufen am 10. November 2012". 2013-12-20. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
10. ^ "retrieved 4 December 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
11. ^ "retrieved 4 December 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
12. ^ Johannes Kals: Betriebliches Energiemanagement - Eine Einführung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-021133-9, p.103-105.
13. ^ "retrieved 10 November 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
15. ^ "retrieved 6 December 2012" (in (German)). 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
16. ^ British Standard Glossary of terms (3811:1993)
17. ^ "abgerufen am 12. November 2012". 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
19. ^ Johannes Kals: Betriebliches Energiemanagement - Eine Einführung, p. 147 - 148, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-0211333-9.
20. ^ "abgerufen am 12. November 2012" (in (German)). Retrieved 2013-12-31.
21. ^ J. Kals, K. Würtenberger: IT-unterstütztes Energiemanagement in: HMD - Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik HMD, Heft 285/2012, S. 73-81.
23. ^ Johannes Kals: Betriebliches Energiemanagement - Eine Einführung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-17-021133-9, p. 182-184.
24. ^ "retrieved 21. December 2012". 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
25. ^ Global Change country. "retrieved 22. December 2012". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
27. ^ "retrieved 22. December 2012.". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
28. ^ retrieved 22. December 2012.[dead link]
29. ^ "retrieved 16.01.2013". Retrieved 2013-12-31.
30. ^ "retrieved 14. December 2012". 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
31. ^ "retrieved 14. December 2012" (in (German)). 2012-07-04. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
32. ^ J. Kals, K. Würtenberger: IT-unterstütztes Energiemanagement in: HMD - Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik HMD, Heft 285/2012, p. 73.
34. ^ a b Johannes Kals: Business Ethics and Corporate Energy Management, in: Karczewski, Leszek; Kretek, Henryk (eds): Odpowiedzialny biznes i konsumerysm wyzwaniem XXI Wieku (Responsible Business and Responsible Consumerism as a Challenge of the 21st Century), Polen, Raciborz 2012, p. 6. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39365 | Fairlight (video game)
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ZXSpectrum Fairlight.png
Fairlight in-game screen
Developer(s) Edge Games
Publisher(s) Edge Games
Designer(s) Bo Jangeborg
Engine Grax
Platform(s) Amstrad CPC by Trevor Inns, Amstrad PCW by Trevor Inns, Commodore 64 by Trevor Inns, ZX Spectrum
Release date(s) 1985 (ZX Spectrum)
1986 (Other platforms)
Genre(s) Arcade adventure
Mode(s) Single player
Distribution Cassette, Floppy disk
Fairlight is an isometric projection arcade adventure video game developed by Bo Jangeborg and Jack Wilkes at EDGE Games and released in 1985. Developed in seven months, Jangeborg created the GRAX game engine using some prior code and components from his earlier project, graphics package The Artist. Wilkes contributed art assets towards the game, including enemy sprites and the title screen. The game was well received critically and commercially, selling over 50,000 copies, a sequel Fairlight II was released in 1986.
The game revolves around the protagonist Isvar, and his quest to find the Book of Light for the court sorcerer, in order for them to escape Castle Avars.
The ZX Spectrum version was one of the first (along with Technician Ted) to have an interactive loader - instead of the usual yellow/blue loading bars, a counter at the bottom of the screen ran backwards indicating how long until the game had loaded.
The player controls an adventurer named Isvar that can be moved in a castle which is not only three-dimensional isometric view, but realistic in terms of the way objects behave. Each object has its own physical properties and resultant characteristics in terms of how much else can be carried alongside it. Certain objects have special uses (e.g. keys open certain doors), and there is a puzzle element to the game to discover how some of these objects relate to the world in order to help the player solve the game.
In addition to carrying objects, they could also be stacked on top of each other to enable Isvar to climb up to rooms above him or to reach important objects perched high above on platforms. There are also a number of secret areas in the castle that are not visually obvious to the player and can only be discovered through exploration.
During Isvar's exploration of the castle he is accosted by its guards and monsters - trolls, monks, guards, tornadoes, man-eating plants, bubbles, etc. all of which weaken Isvar's energy. Fortunately the castle also contains food and magical potions which will restore his health. In addition, certain game objects can affect the enemies, (by either killing them, distracting them, or freezing them, depending on the object and the type of enemy they are used upon)
Once defeated in combat a guard disappears leaving only his helmet behind. Helmets can be picked up and carried by Isvar, and placed somewhere else out of harms way (or into the path of a tornado, that destroys any object it touches). If Isvar leaves the room, the guard will regenerate from the helmet.
• Edge refused to pay Bo Jangeborg for Fairlight unless Bo signed up to make more games for Edge[1]
• Fairlight II was released without Bo's approval[1]
• The game won the awards for best arcade adventure, best graphics and best music of the year according to the readers of Crash magazine.[2]
Preceded by
UK number-one Spectrum game
January 1986
Succeeded by
"Monty on the Run"
1. ^ a b TIGSource message by user Raiten recounting his interview of Bo Jangeborg [1]
2. ^ http://www.crashonline.org.uk/27/awards.htm
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39366 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Galvanisation)
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A street lamp in Singapore showing the characteristic spangle of hot-dip galvanization.
Galvanization is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, in order to prevent rusting. The term is derived from the name of Italian scientist Luigi Galvani. Although galvanization can be done with electrochemical and electrodeposition processes, the most common method in current use is hot-dip galvanization, in which steel parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc. In industry, the term GI stands for galvanized iron, referring to a common galvanized steel used in many applications such as air ducts and trash cans.
Metal protection[edit]
In current use, the term refers to the coating of steel or iron with zinc. This is done to prevent rusting of the ferrous item. The value of galvanizing stems from the corrosion resistance of zinc, which, under most service conditions, is considerably greater than that of iron and steel. The zinc serves as a sacrificial anode, so that it cathodically protects exposed steel. This means that even if the coating is scratched or abraded, the exposed steel will still be protected from corrosion by the remaining zinc - an advantage absent from paint, enamel, powder coating and other methods. Galvanizing is also favored as a means of protective coating because of its low cost, ease of application and comparatively long maintenance-free service life.
The term galvanizing, while technically referring specifically to the application of zinc coating by the use of a galvanic cell (also known as electroplating), is also generally understood to include hot-dip zinc coating. The practical difference is that hot-dip galvanization produces a thick, durable and matte gray coating - electroplated coatings tend to be thin and brightly reflective. Due to its thinness, the zinc of electroplated coatings is quickly depleted, making them unsuitable for outdoor applications (except in very dry climates). When combined with subsequent painting (which slows zinc consumption), electroplating is durable enough to be used in some premium auto body coatings.
Nonetheless, electroplating is used on its own for many outdoor applications because it is cheaper than hot dip zinc coating and looks good when new. Another reason not to use hot dip zinc coating is that for bolts and nuts size M10 (US 3/8") or smaller, the thick hot-dipped coating fills in too much of the threads, which reduces strength (because the dimension of the steel prior to coating must be reduced for the fasteners to fit together). This means that for cars, bicycles and many other 'light' mechanical products, the alternative to electroplating bolts and nuts is not hot dip zinc coating but making the bolts and nuts from stainless steel (known by the corrosion grades A4 and A2).
Originally, "galvanization" was the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday). It stemmed from Galvani's induction of twitches in severed frogs' legs, by his accidental generation of electricity. Its claims to health benefits have largely been disproved, except for some limited uses in psychiatry in the form of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This archaic sense is the origin of the meaning of galvanic when meaning "affected/affecting, as if by a shock of electricity; startled".[1] and the metaphorical "galvanize into action" referring to suddenly stimulating a complacent person or group to take action. Later the word was used for processes of electrodeposition, which remains a useful and broadly applied technology. But the term "galvanization" has largely come to be associated with zinc coatings, to the exclusion of other metals.
Galvanic paint, a precursor to hot-dip galvanization, was patented by Stanislas Sorel, of Paris, France in December, 1837.[2]
The earliest known example of galvanizing of iron was found on 17th century Indian armor in the Royal Armouries Museum collection.[3]
Zinc coatings[edit]
Zinc coatings prevent corrosion of the protected metal by forming a physical barrier, and by acting as a sacrificial anode even if this barrier is damaged. When exposed to the atmosphere, zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide, which further reacts with water molecules in the air to form zinc hydroxide. In turn, zinc hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to yield a thin, impermeable, tenacious and quite insoluble dull gray layer of zinc carbonate which adheres extremely well to the underlying zinc, so protecting it from further corrosion. This is similar to the protection afforded to aluminium and stainless steels by their oxide layers.
Hot-dip galvanizing deposits a thick robust layer that may be more than is necessary for the protection of the underlying metal in some applications. This is the case in automobile bodies, where additional rust proofing paint will be applied. Here, a thinner form of galvanizing is applied by electroplating, called "electrogalvanization". The hot-dip process does generally not reduce strength on a measurable scale,[4] with the exception of high-strength steels (>1100 MPa) where hydrogen embrittlement can become a problem.[5][6] This is a consideration for the manufacture of wire rope and other highly-stressed products. The protection provided by hot dip galvanizing is insufficient for products that will be constantly exposed to corrosive materials such as salt water. For these applications, more expensive stainless steel is preferred. Some nails made today are electro-galvanized.
As noted previously, both mechanisms are often at work in practical applications. For example, the traditional measure of a coating's effectiveness is resistance to a salt spray. Thin coatings cannot remain intact indefinitely when subject to surface abrasion, and the galvanic protection offered by zinc can be sharply contrasted to more noble metals. As an example, a scratched or incomplete coating of chromium actually exacerbates corrosion of the underlying steel, since it is less electrochemically active than the substrate.
Galvanized surface with visible spangle
The size of crystallites in galvanized coatings is a visible and aesthetic feature, known as spangle. By varying the number of particles added for heterogeneous nucleation and the rate of cooling in a hot-dip process, the spangle can be adjusted from an apparently uniform surface (crystallites too small to see with the naked eye) to grains several centimetres wide. Visible crystallites are rare in other engineering materials.
Thermal diffusion galvanizing, a form of Sherardizing, provides a zinc coating on iron or copper based materials partially similar to hot dip galvanizing, but the final surface that results is different from that yielded with hot-dip galvanizing in that all of the zinc is alloyed.[7] Zinc is applied in a powder form with "accelerator chemicals" (generally sand,[8] but other chemicals are patented). The parts and the zinc powder are tumbled in a sealed drum while it is heated to slightly below zinc's melting temperature. The drum must be heated evenly, or complications will arise. Due to the chemicals added to the zinc powder, the zinc/iron makes an alloy at a lower temperature than hot dip galvanizing. This process requires generally fewer preparatory cleanings than other methods. The dull-grey crystal structure formed by the process bonds more strongly with paint, powder coating, and rubber overmolding processes than other methods. It is a preferred method for coating small, complex-shaped metals, and for smoothing in rough surfaces on items formed with powder metal.
Eventual corrosion[edit]
Rusted corrugated steel roof
Although galvanizing will inhibit attack of the underlying steel, rusting will be inevitable, especially if exposed to the natural acidity of rain. For example, corrugated iron sheet roofing will start to degrade within a few years despite the protective action of the zinc coating. Marine and salty environments also lower the lifetime of galvanized iron because the high electrical conductivity of sea water increases the rate of corrosion primarily through converting the solid zinc to soluble zinc chloride which simply washes away. Galvanized car frames exemplify this; they corrode much quicker in cold environments due to road salt. Galvanized steel can last for many years if other means are maintained, such as paint coatings and additional sacrificial anodes the rate of corrosion in non-salty environments is mainly due to levels of sulfur dioxide in the air.[9]
Galvanized piping[edit]
In the early 20th century, galvanized piping replaced cast iron and lead in cold-water plumbing. Typically, galvanized piping rusts from the inside out, building up plaques on the inside of the piping, causing both water pressure problems and eventual pipe failure. These plaques can flake off, leading to visible impurities in water and a slight metallic taste. The life expectancy of such piping is about 70 years, but it may vary by region due to impurities in the water supply and the proximity of electrical grids for which interior piping acts as a pathway (the flow of electricity can accelerate chemical corrosion). Pipe longevity also depends on the thickness of zinc in the original galvanization, which ranges on a scale from G40 to G210, and whether the pipe was galvanized on both the inside and outside, or just the outside. Since World War II, copper and plastic piping have replaced galvanized piping for interior drinking water service, but galvanized steel pipes are still used in outdoor applications requiring steel's superior mechanical strength.
This lends some truth to the urban myth that water purity in outdoor water faucets is lower, but the actual impurities (iron, zinc, calcium) are harmless. This is not always the case in pre-1986 copper pipe where lead-containing solder was commonly used. In installations where copper pipe has been fitted to replace a section of corroded galvanized pipe, a dielectric fitting, usually a union, must be used to join the two types of pipes; otherwise the presence of water in contact with differing metals creates an electrical current that can cause "galvanic corrosion". In some amateur installations, the failure to use this special fitting has caused the lead in the solder to leach into the drinking water. A common location where this occurs is where a home's copper piping connects to a galvanized steel municipal supply line.
The presence of galvanized piping detracts from the appraised value of housing stock because piping can fail, increasing the risk of water damage. Galvanized piping will eventually need to be replaced if housing stock is to outlast a 50 to 70 year life expectancy, and some jurisdictions[which?] require galvanized piping to be replaced before sale. One option to extend the life expectancy of existing galvanized piping is to line it with an epoxy resin.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
1. ^ "Galvanic;". Retrieved 2006-11-30.
4. ^ Industrial Galvanizers:
5. ^ "Zinc Plating and Hydrogen Embrittlement". Hydrogen Embrittlement Handbook
6. ^ American Galvanizers Association:
7. ^ Presentation on Thermal Diffusion Galvanizing:
9. ^ "Atmospheric Resistance". Galvanising Association (UK).
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39368 | Gregory Breit
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Photograph of Gregory Breit.
Gregory Breit (Russian: Григорий Альфредович Брейт-Шнайдер; July 14, 1899, Mykolaiv – September 11, 1981, Salem, Oregon) was an American physicist[1] and professor at NYU (1929–1934), U. of Wisconsin–Madison (1934–1947), Yale (1947–1968), and Buffalo (1968–1973).[2] In 1921, he was Paul Ehrenfest's assistant in Leiden.
In 1925, while at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Breit joined with Merle Tuve in using a pulsed radio transmitter to determine the height of the ionosphere, a technique important later in radar development.[3]
Together with Eugene Wigner, Breit gave a description of particle resonant states with the relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution in 1929, and with Edward Condon, he first described proton-proton dispersion. He is also credited with deriving the Breit equation[4]
In 1939 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. In April 1940, he proposed to the National Research Council that American scientists observe a policy of self-censorship due to the possibility of their work being used for military purposes by enemy powers in World War II.[5]
During the early stages of the war, Breit was chosen by Arthur Compton to supervise the early design of the first atomic bomb during an early phase in what would later become the Manhattan Project. Breit resigned his position in 1942, feeling that the work was going too slowly and that there had been security breaches on the project; his job went to Robert Oppenheimer, who was later appointed to scientific director of the entire project.
Breit was Associate Editor of the Physical Review four times (1927-1929, 1939-1941, 1954-1956, and 1961-1963).
He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1964. In 1967, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.[6]
1. ^ Hull, Jr., McAllister H. (October 1983). "Obituary: Gregory Breit". Physics Today 36 (10): 102–104. doi:10.1063/1.2915289.
2. ^ Gregory Breit, nndb biography
3. ^ Breit, G., and M. A. Tuve; "A Test of the Existence of the Conducting Layer," Phys. Rev, vol. 28, p. 554, 1926
4. ^ Bethe, H. A., and E. E. Salpeter; Quantum Mechanics of One- and Two-Electron Atoms, Plenum Press, 1977, p. 181
5. ^ Weart, Spencer R.; "Scientists with a Secret," Physics Today, vol. 29, 1974, pp. 23-30
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39369 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of a series on
Romani people
Flag of the Romani people
The Kawliya or Qawliya or Kowawlah (Arabic,كاولية or كاولي) are a nomadic people (Gypsies) from Iraq. Gypsy means Qawliya in Arabic. The Qawliya are known for their dancers and music.
Qawliya is also the name of a village, located about 100 miles southeast of Baghdad, where Gypsies live.[1] The village was reportedly destroyed by a militia controlled by a militant Shiite Muslim cleric. The exact circumstances are not clear.
See also[edit]
1. ^ In a Gypsy Village's Fate, An Image of Iraq's Future. The Washington Post. April 3, 2004. Report about the raiding and destruction of the village Qawliya in Iraq. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39373 | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Monte Cervino
Matterhorn from Domhütte - 2.jpg
East and north faces
Elevation 4,478 m (14,692 ft)
Prominence 1,040 m (3,412 ft)[1]
Parent peak Weisshorn
Matterhorn is located in Alps
Location in the Alps
Location Aosta Valley, Italy
Valais, Switzerland
Range Pennine Alps
Coordinates 45°58′35″N 7°39′30″E / 45.97639°N 7.65833°E / 45.97639; 7.65833Coordinates: 45°58′35″N 7°39′30″E / 45.97639°N 7.65833°E / 45.97639; 7.65833
Topo map Swisstopo 1347 Matterhorn
First ascent July 14, 1865 by
Edward Whymper
Charles Hudson
Francis Douglas
Douglas Robert Hadow
Michel Croz
Peter Taugwalder (father)
Peter Taugwalder (son)
Easiest route Hörnli ridge (AD, rock/mixed climb)
The Matterhorn was one of the last great Alpine peaks to be climbed and its first ascent marked the end of the golden age of alpinism.[3] It was made in 1865 by a party led by Edward Whymper and ended disastrously when four of its members fell to their deaths on the descent. The north face was not climbed until 1931, and is amongst the six great north faces of the Alps. It is estimated that over 500 alpinists have died on the Matterhorn since the first climb in 1865, making it one of the deadliest peaks in the Alps.[4]
The Matterhorn has become an iconic emblem of the Swiss Alps and the Alps in general. Since the end of the 19th century, when railways were built, it attracted more and more visitors and climbers. Each summer a large number of mountaineers try to climb the Matterhorn via the northeast Hörnli ridge, the most popular route to the summit.
The mountain derives its name from the German words Matte, meaning "meadow", and Horn, which means "peak". The migration of the name "meadow" from the lower part of the countryside to the peak is common in the Alps. The Italian and French names (Cervino and Cervin) come from Mons Silvius (or Mons Sylvius)[5] from the Latin word silva, meaning forest (with again the migration of the name from the lower part to the peak). The changing of the first letter "s" to "c" is attributed to Horace Bénédict de Saussure,[6] who thought that the word was related to a deer (French: cerf and Italian: cervo).[7]
View on the south and east faces and the area of the Theodul Pass between Italy (left) and Switzerland (right)
In Sebastian Münster's Cosmography, published in 1543, the name of Matter is given to the Theodul Pass, and this seems to be the origin of the present German name of the mountain. On Münster's topographical chart this group is marked under the names of Augstalberg ("Aosta mountain") and Mons Silvius. An hypothesis of Josias Simler (De Alpibus Commentarius, 1574) on the etymology of the name of Mons Silvius was readopted by T. G. Farinetti:[8] "Silvius was probably a Roman leader who sojourned with his legions in the land of the Salassi and the Seduni, and perhaps crossed the Theodul Pass between these two places. This Silvius may have been that same Servius Galba whom Caesar charged with the opening up of the Alpine passes, which from that time onward traders have been wanting to cross with great danger and grave difficulty.[9] Servius Galba, in order to carry out Caesar's orders, came with his legions from Allobroges (Savoy) to Octodurum (Martigny) in the Valais, and pitched his camp there. The passes which he had orders to open from there could be no other than the St. Bernard, the Simplon, the Theodul, and the Moro; it therefore seems likely that the name of Servius, whence Silvius and later Servin, or Cervin, was given in his honour to the famous pyramid." It is not exactly known at what period the new name of Servin, or Cervin, replaced the old, from which it seems to be derived.[10]
The Matterhorn is also named Gran Becca by the Valdôtains[11] and Horu by the local Walliser German speaking people.[12]
Banner cloud formation on the Matterhorn
The Matterhorn has two distinct summits, both situated on a 100-metre-long rocky ridge: the Swiss summit with a height of 4,477.5 metres (14,690 ft) on the east and the Italian summit with a height of 4,476.4 metres (14,686 ft) on the west. Their names originated from the first ascents, not for geographic reasons, as both are located on the border. In August 1792, the Genevan geologist and explorer Horace Bénédict de Saussure made the first measurement of the Matterhorn's height, using a 50-foot-long chain spread out on the Theodul glacier and a sextant. He calculated a height of 4,501.7 metres (14,769 ft).[13] In 1868 the Italian engineer Felice Giordano measured a height of 4,505 metres (14,780 ft) by means of a mercurial barometer, which he had taken up to the summit. The Dufour map, which was afterwards followed by the Italian surveyors, gave 4,482 metres (14,705 ft) as the height of the Swiss summit.[14] A recent survey (1999) using Global Positioning System technology has been made, allowing the height of the Matterhorn to be measured to within one centimetre accuracy, and its changes to be tracked. The result was 4,477.54 metres (14,690 ft).[15]
The Matterhorn and Dent d'Hérens seen from Tête Blanche
The Matterhorn has a pyramidal shape with four faces facing the four compass points: the north and east faces overlook, respectively, the Zmutt valley and Gornergrat ridge in Switzerland, the south face (the only one south of the Swiss-Italian border) fronts the resort town of Breuil-Cervinia, and the west face looks towards the mountain of Dent d'Hérens which straddles the border. The north and south faces meet at the summit to form a short east-west ridge.
The north side seen from the Zmutt valley
The Matterhorn's faces are steep, and only small patches of snow and ice cling to them; regular avalanches send the snow down to accumulate on the glaciers at the base of each face, the largest of which is the Zmutt Glacier to the west. The Hörnli ridge of the northeast (the central ridge in the view from Zermatt) is the usual climbing route.
Well-known faces are the east and north, visible from Zermatt. The east face is 1,000 metres high and, because it is "a long, monotonous slope of rotten rocks",[16] presents a high risk of rockfall, making its ascent dangerous. The north face is 1,200 metres high and is one of the most dangerous north faces in the Alps, in particular for its risk of rockfall and storms. The south face is 1,350 metres high and offers many different routes. The west face, the highest at 1,400 metres, has the fewest ascent routes.
The east face
The four main ridges separating the four faces are the main climbing routes. The least difficult technical climb, the Hörnli ridge (Hörnligrat), lies between the east and north faces, facing the town of Zermatt. To its west lies the Zmutt ridge (Zmuttgrat), between the north and west faces; this is, according to Collomb, "the classic route up the mountain, its longest ridge, also the most disjointed."[16] The Lion ridge (Cresta del Leone), lying between the south and west faces is the Italian normal route and goes across Pic Tyndall; Collomb comments, "A superb rock ridge, the shortest on the mountain, now draped with many fixed ropes, but a far superior climb compared with the Hörnli."[16] Finally the south side is separated from the east side by the Furggen ridge (Furggengrat), according to Collomb "the hardest of the ridges [...] the ridge still has an awesome reputation but is not too difficult in good conditions by the indirect finish".[16]
The south face
The border between Italy and Switzerland is the main Alpine watershed, separating the drainage basin on the Rhone on the north (Mediterranean Sea) and the Po River on the south (Adriatic Sea). The Theodul Pass, located between the Matterhorn and Klein Matterhorn, at 3,300 metres, is the lowest passage between the Valtournenche and the Mattertal. The pass was used as a crossover and trade route for the Romans and the Romanised Celts between 100 BC and 400 AC.[17]
While the Matterhorn is the culminating point of the Valtournenche on the south, it is only one of the many 4000 metres summits of the Mattertal valley on the north, such as the Weisshorn (4505 m), Dom (4545 m), Lyskamm (4527 m) and the second highest in the Alps: Monte Rosa (4634 m). The whole range of mountains form a crown of summits around Zermatt. The deeply glaciated region between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa is listed in the Federal Inventory of Landscapes and Natural Monuments.
The Matterhorn is an isolated mountain. Because of its position on the main Alpine watershed and its great height, the Matterhorn is exposed to rapid weather changes. In addition the steep faces of the mountain and its isolated location make it prone to banner clouds formation with the air flowing around and creating vortices, producing condensation of the air on the lee side.
Apart from the base of the mountain, the Matterhorn is composed of gneiss belonging to the Dent Blanche klippe, an isolated part of the Austroalpine nappes, lying over the Penninic nappes. The Austroalpine nappes are part of the Apulian plate, a small continent which broke up from Africa before the Alpine orogeny. For this reason the Matterhorn has been popularized as an African mountain. The Austroalpine nappes are mostly common in the Eastern Alps.
The Swiss explorer and geologist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, inspired by the view of the Matterhorn, anticipated the modern theories of geology:
What power must have been required to shatter and to sweep away the missing parts of this pyramid; for we do not see it surrounded by heaps of fragments; one only sees other peaks - themselves rooted to the ground - whose sides, equally rent, indicate an immense mass of débris, of which we do not see any trace in the neighbourhood. Doubtless this is that débris which, in the form of pebbles, boulders, and sand, fills our valleys and our plains.[18]
Different layers of rock can be seen: the lower part is sedimentary rocks (yellow); the middle part is greenschists from the oceanic crust. The peak itself (above the seracs) is gneisses from the African continent.
The formation of the Matterhorn (and the whole Alpine range) started with the break-up of the Pangaea continent 200 million years ago into Laurasia (containing Europe) and Gondwana (containing Africa). While the rocks constituting the nearby Monte Rosa remained in Laurasia, the rocks constituting the Matterhorn found themselves in Gondwana, separated by the newly formed Tethys Ocean.
100 million years ago the extension of the Tethys Ocean stopped and the Apulian plate broke from Gondwana and moved toward the European continent. This resulted in the closure of the western Tethys by subduction under the Apulian plate (with the Piemont-Liguria Ocean first and Valais Ocean later). The subduction of the oceanic crust left traces still visible today at the base of the Matterhorn (accretionary prism). The orogeny itself began after the end of the oceanic subduction when the European continental crust collided with the Apulian continent, resulting in the formation of nappes. The Matterhorn acquired its characteristic pyramidal shape in much more recent times as it was caused by natural erosion over the past million years. At the beginning of alpine orogeny, the Matterhorn was only a rounded mountain like a hill. Because its height is above the snowline, its flanks are covered by ice, resulting from the accumulation and compaction of snow. During the warmer period of summer, part of the ice melts and seeps into the bedrock. When it freezes again, it fractures pieces of rock because of its dilatation (freeze-thaw), forming a cirque. Four cirques led to the shape of the mountain. Because of its recognizable shape, many other similar mountains around the world were named or nicknamed the 'Matterhorn' of their respective countries or mountain ranges.[19]
Most of the base of the mountain lies in the Tsaté nappe, a remnant of the Piedmont-Liguria oceanic crust (ophiolites) and its sedimentary rocks.[20] Up to 3,400 metres the mountain is composed of successive layers of ophiolites and sedimentary rocks. From 3,400 metres to the top, the rocks are gneisses from the Dent Blanche nappe (Austroalpine nappes). They are divided into the Arolla series (below 4,200 m) and the Valpelline zone (the summit).[21] Other mountains in the region (Weisshorn, Zinalrothorn, Dent Blanche, Mont Collon) also belong to the Dent Blanche nappe.
Tourism and trekking[edit]
Flight around the Matterhorn
Since the eighteenth century the Alps have attracted more and more people and fascinated generations of explorers and climbers. The Matterhorn remained relatively little known until 1865, but the successful ascent followed by the tragic accident of the expedition led by Edward Whymper caused a rush on the mountains surrounding Zermatt.
The construction of the railway linking the village of Zermatt from the town of Visp started in 1888. The first train reached Zermatt on July 18, 1891 and the entire line was electrified in 1930.[22] Since 1930 the village is directly connected to St. Moritz by the Glacier Express panoramic train. However there is no connection with the village of Breuil-Cervinia on the Italian side. Travellers have to hire mountain guides to cross the 3,300 metres high glaciated Theodul Pass, separating the two resorts. The town of Zermatt remains completely free of internal combustion vehicles and can be reached by train only. (Electric vehicles are used locally).
View from the train to the Gornergrat
Rail and cable-car facilities have been built to make some of the summits in the area more accessible. The Gornergrat railway, reaching a record altitude of 3,100 metres, was inaugurated in 1898. Areas served by cable car are the Unterrothorn and the Klein Matterhorn (Little Matterhorn) (3,883 m, highest transportation system in Europe). The Hörnli Hut (3,260 m), which is the start of the normal route via the Hörnli ridge, is easily accessible from Schwarzsee (2,600 m) and is also frequented by hikers. Both resorts of Zermatt and Cervinia function as ski resort all year round and are connected by skilifts over the Theodul Pass. A cable car running from Testa Grigia to Klein Matterhorn is currently planned for 2014. It will finally provide a link between the Swiss and Italian side of the Matterhorn.[23]
The Matterhorn Museum (Zermatt) relates the general history of the region from alpinism to tourism. In the museum, which is in the form of a reconstituted mountain village, the visitors can relive the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn and see the objects having belonged to the protagonists.
The Tour of the Matterhorn can be effected by trekkers in about 10 days. Considered by some as one of the most beautiful treks in the Alps, it follows many ancient trails that have linked the Swiss and Italian valleys for centuries. The circuit includes alpine meadows, balcony trails, larch forests and glacial crossings. It connects six valleys embracing three different cultures: the German-speaking high Valais, the French-speaking central Valais and the Italian-speaking Val d'Aosta. Good conditions are necessary to circumnavigate the peak. After reaching Zinal by the Augstbord and Meiden passes, the trekker crosses the Torrent before arriving at Arolla. Then the Col Collon must be crossed on the road to Prarayer and another one to Breuil-Cervinia and back to Zermatt via the Theodul. In total, seven passes between 2,800 and 3,300 metres must be crossed on a relatively difficult terrain.[24]
Climbing history[edit]
Plaque on the front wall of the Monte Rosa Hotel, commemorating the first ascent by Edward Whymper[25]
The Matterhorn was one of the last of the main Alpine mountains to be ascended, not because of its technical difficulty, but because of the fear it inspired in early mountaineers. The first serious attempts began around 1857, mostly from the Italian side; but despite appearances, the southern routes are harder, and parties repeatedly found themselves having to turn back. However, on July 14, 1865, in what is considered the last ascent of the golden age of alpinism, the English party of Edward Whymper, Charles Hudson, Lord Francis Douglas, Douglas Robert Hadow, Michel Croz and the two Peter Taugwalders (father and son) were able to reach the summit by an ascent of the Hörnli ridge in Switzerland. Upon descent, Hadow, Croz, Hudson and Douglas fell to their deaths on the Matterhorn Glacier, and all but Douglas (whose body was never found) are buried in the Zermatt churchyard.
Only three days after Whymper's ascent, the mountain was ascended from the Italian side via an indirect route by Jean-Antoine Carrel and Jean-Baptiste Bich on July 17, 1865.[16]
Before the first ascent[edit]
In the summer of 1860, Edward Whymper came across the Matterhorn for the first time. He was an English artist and engraver who had been hired by a London publisher to make sketches of the mountains in the region of Zermatt. Although the unclimbed Matterhorn had a mixed reputation among British mountaineers, it fascinated Whymper. Whymper's first attempt was in 1861, from the village of Breuil on the south side. He was at the beginning of the climb, with a Swiss guide, when he met Jean-Antoine Carrel and his uncle. Carrel was an Italian guide from Breuil who had already made several attempts on the mountain. The two parties camped together at the base of the peak. Carrel and his uncle woke up early and decided to continue the ascent without Whymper and his guide. Discovering that they had been left, Whymper and his guide tried to race Carrel up the mountain, but neither party met with success.
The Rifugio Carrel (3,830 m) on the Lion ridge
In 1862 Whymper made further attempts, still from the south side, on the Lion ridge (or Italian ridge), where the route seemed easier than the Hörnli ridge (the normal route today). On his own he reached above 4,000 metres, but was injured on his way down to Breuil. In July John Tyndall with Johann Joseph Bennen and another guide overcame most of the difficulties of the ridge that seemed so formidable from below and successfully reached the main shoulder; but at a point not very far below the summit they were stopped by a deep cleft that defied their utmost efforts. The Matterhorn remained unclimbed.
Whymper returned to Breuil in 1863, persuading Carrel to join forces with him and try the mountain once more via the Italian ridge. On this attempt a storm, however, soon developed and they were stuck halfway to the summit. They remained there for 26 hours in their tent before giving up. Whymper did not make another attempt for two years.
In the decisive year 1865, Whymper returned with new plans, deciding to attack the Matterhorn via its south face instead of the Italian ridge. On June 21, Whymper began his ascent with Swiss guides, but halfway up they experienced severe rockfall; although nobody was injured, they decided to give up the ascent. This was Whymper's seventh attempt.
During the following weeks, Whymper spent his time climbing other mountains in the area with his guides, before going back to Breuil on July 7. Meanwhile the Italian Alpine Club was founded and its leaders, Felice Giordano and Quintino Sella, established plans to conquer the Matterhorn before any non-Italian could succeed. Felice Giordano hired Carrel as guide, he feared the arrival of Whymper, now a rival, and wrote to Quintino Sella:[26]
I have tried to keep everything secret, but that fellow whose life seems to depend on the Matterhorn is here, suspiciously prying into everything. I have taken all the best men away from him; and yet he is so enamored of the mountain that he may go with others...He is here in the hotel and I try to avoid speaking to him.
The Matterhorn seen from the Val Tournenche
Just as he did two years before, Whymper asked Carrel to be his guide, but Carrel declined; he was also unsuccessful in hiring other local guides from Breuil. When Whymper discovered Giordano and Carrel's plan, he left Breuil and crossed the Theodul Pass to Zermatt to hire local guides. He encountered Lord Francis Douglas, a Scottish mountaineer, who also wanted to climb the Matterhorn. They arrived later in Zermatt in the Monte Rosa Hotel, where they met two other British climbers — the Reverend Charles Hudson and his young and inexperienced companion, Douglas Robert Hadow — who had hired the French guide Michel Croz to try to make the first ascent. These two groups decided to join forces and try the ascent of the Hörnli ridge. They hired another two local guides, Peter Taugwalder, father and son.
First ascent[edit]
Whymper and party left Zermatt early in the morning of July 13, heading to the foot of the Hörnli ridge, which they reached 6 hours later (approximately where the Hörnli Hut is situated today). Meanwhile Carrel and six other Italian guides also began their ascent of the Italian ridge.
Despite its appearance, Whymper wrote that the Hörnli ridge was much easier to climb than the Italian ridge:
We were now fairly upon the mountain, and were astonished to find that places which from the Riffel, or even from the Furggen Glacier, looked entirely impracticable, were so easy that we could run about.[27]
The first ascent of the Matterhorn, by Gustave Doré
After camping for the night, Whymper and party started on the ridge. According to Whymper:
The whole of this great slope was now revealed, rising for 3,000 feet like a huge natural staircase. Some parts were more, and others were less, easy; but we were not once brought to a halt by any serious impediment, for when an obstruction was met in front it could always be turned to the right or left. For the greater part of the way there was, indeed, no occasion for the rope, and sometimes Hudson led, sometimes myself. At 6.20 we had attained a height of 12,800 feet and halted for half an hour; we then continued the ascent without a break until 9.55, when we stopped for fifty minutes, at a height of 14,000 feet.[27]
When the party came close to the summit, they had to leave the ridge for the north face because "[the ridge] was usually more rotten and steep, and always more difficult than the face".[27] At this point of the ascent Whymper wrote that the less experienced Hadow "required continual assistance".[27] Having overcome these difficulties the group finally arrived in the summit area, with Croz and Whymper reaching the top first.
The slope eased off, and Croz and I, dashing away, ran a neck-and-neck race, which ended in a dead heat. At 1.40 p.m. the world was at our feet, and the Matterhorn was conquered. Hurrah! Not a footstep could be seen.[27]
Precisely at this moment, Carrel and party were approximatively 400 metres below, still dealing with the most difficult parts of the Italian ridge. When seeing his rival on the summit, Carrel and party gave up on their attempt and went back to Breuil.
The first descent of the Matterhorn, by Gustave Doré
After building a cairn, Whymper and party stayed an hour on the summit. Then they began their descent of the Hörnli ridge. Croz descended first, then Hadow, Hudson and Douglas, Taugwalder father, Whymper with Taugwalder son coming last. They climbed down with great care, only one man moving at a time. Whymper wrote:
As far as I know, at the moment of the accident no one was actually moving. I cannot speak with certainty, neither can the Taugwalders, because the two leading men were partially hidden from our sight by an intervening mass of rock. Poor Croz had laid aside his axe, and in order to give Mr. Hadow greater security was absolutely taking hold of his legs and putting his feet, one by one, into their proper positions. From the movements of their shoulders it is my belief that Croz, having done as I have said, was in the act of turning round to go down a step or two himself; at this moment Mr. Hadow slipped, fell on him, and knocked him over.[28]
The weight of the falling men pulled Hudson and Douglas from their holds and dragged them down the north face. Taugwalder, father and son, and Whymper were left alive when the rope linking Douglas to Taugwalder father broke. They were stunned by the accident and for a time could not move until Taugwalder son descended to enable them to advance. When they were together Whymper asked to see the broken rope and saw that it had been employed by mistake as it was the weakest and oldest of the three ropes they had brought. They frequently looked, but in vain, for traces of their fallen companions. They continued their descent, including an hour in the dark, until 9.30pm when a resting place was found. At daybreak the descent was resumed and the group finally reached Zermatt, where a search of the victims was quickly organized. The bodies of Croz, Hadow and Hudson were found on the Matterhorn Glacier, but the body of Douglas was never found. Although the elder Taugwalder was accused of cutting the rope to save himself and his son, the official inquest found no proof for this.
Second ascent[edit]
The summit
On July 16, two days after the first ascent and the catastrophe, Jean-Antoine Carrel set out to crown Whymper's victory by proving that the Italian side was not unconquerable. He was accompanied by Amé Gorret, a priest who had shared with him the first attempt on the mountain back in 1857. Jean-Baptiste Bich and Jean-Augustin Meynet completed the party. Giordano would have joined them, but Carrel refused absolutely to take him with them; he said he would not have the strength to guide a traveller, and could neither answer for the result nor for any one's life. After hearing Sunday mass at the chapel of Breuil, the party started. Amé Gorret has described this ascent with enthusiasm: "At last we crossed the Col du Lion and set foot upon the pyramid of the Matterhorn!" On the following day, the 17th, they continued the ascent and reached Tyndall's flagstaff. "We were about to enter unknown country," wrote Gorret, "for no man had gone beyond this point." Here opinions were divided; Gorret suggested ascending by the ridge and scaling the last tower straight up. Carrel was inclined to traverse to the west of the peak, and thence go up on the Zmutt side. Naturally the wish of Carrel prevailed, for he was the leader and had not lost the habit of command, notwithstanding his recent defeat.[29]
They made the passage of the enjambée, and traversed the west face to reach the Zmutt ridge. A false step made by one of the party and a fall of icicles from above warned them to return to the direct line of ascent, and the traverse back to the Lion ridge was one of the greatest difficulty. A falling stone wounded Gorret in the arm.[29]
At last they reached the base of the final tower. "We stood," wrote Gorret, "in a place that was almost comfortable. Although it was not more than two yards wide, and the slope was one of 75 percent, we gave it all kinds of pleasant names : the corridor, the gallery, the railroad, &c., &c." They imagined all difficulties were at an end; but a rock couloir, which they had hitherto not observed, lay between them and the final bit of ridge, where progress would be perfectly easy. It would have been unwise for all four to descend into the couloir, because they did not know where to fix the rope that would be needed on their return. Time pressed: it was necessary to reduce the numbers of the party; Gorret sacrificed himself, and Meynet stopped with him. Very soon afterwards Carrel and Bich were finally on the top. Meanwhile Giordano at Breuil was writing in his diary as follows: "Splendid weather; at 9.30 saw Carrel and his men on the Shoulder, after that saw nothing more of them. Then much mist about the summit. Lifted a bit about 3.30, and we saw our flag on the western summit of the Matterhorn."[29]
Other ascents[edit]
On the Hörnli ridge
The first direct ascent of the Italian ridge as it is climbed today was by J. J. and J. P. Maquignaz on September 13, 1867.[16] Julius Elliott made the second ascent via the Hörnli ridge in 1868, and later that year the party of John Tyndall, J. J. and J. P. Maquignaz was the first to traverse the summit by way of the Hörnli and Italian ridges.[16] On August 22, 1871, while wearing a white print dress, Lucy Walker became the first woman to reach the summit of the Matterhorn,[30] followed a few weeks later by her rival Meta Brevoort. The first winter ascent of the Hörnli ridge was by Vittorio Sella with guides J. A. Carrel, J. B. Carrel and L. Carrel on March 17, 1882,[16] and its first solo ascent was made by W. Paulcke in 1898.[16] The first winter solo ascent of the Hörnli ridge was by G. Gervasutti in 1936.[16]
The Zmutt ridge was first climbed by Albert F. Mummery, Alexander Burgener, J. Petrus and A. Gentinetta on September 3, 1879. Its first solo ascent was made by Hans Pfann in 1906,[16] and the first winter ascent was made by H. Masson and E. Petrig on March 25, 1948.[16]
The last of the Matterhorn's four ridges to be ascended was the Furggen ridge. M. Piacenza with guides J. J. Carrel and J. Gaspard on September 9, 1911, climbed most of the ridge but bypassed the overhangs near the top to the south.[16] Not until September 23, 1942, during the Second World War, did Alfredo Perino, along with guides Louis Carrel (nicknamed "The Little Carrel") and Giacomo Chiara, climb the complete ridge and the overhangs directly.[31]
On August 20, 1992 Italian alpinist Hans Kammerlander and Swiss alpine guide Diego Wellig climbed the Matterhorn four times in just 23 hours and 26 minutes. The route they followed was: Zmutt ridge–summit–Hörnli ridge (descent)–Furggen ridge–summit–Lion ridge (descent)–Lion ridge–summit–Hörnli ridge (descent)–Hörnli ridge–summit–Hörnli Hut (descent).[32] Their itinerary has not been repeated.
There is a record of climbing Matterhorn from the village Breuil-Cervinia, of 2 h 10 min by Bruno Brunod (it) in 1995.,[33] and from Breuil-Cervinia to Matterhorn and back, of 3:14:44 by Bruno Brunod in 1995.[34]
On August 21, 2013, the Spanish mountain runner Kilian Jornet broke Brunod's record as it took him 1 hour, 56 min to the top, and 2 hours, 52 minutes from Breuil-Cervinia to the top and back.
William Penhall and guides made the first (partial) ascent of the west face, the Matterhorn's most hidden and unknown, one hour after Mummery and party's first ascent of the Zmutt ridge on September 3, 1879.[35][36] It was not until 1962 that the west face was completely climbed. The ascent was made on August 13 by Renato Daguin and Giovanni Ottin.[5][37] In January 1978 seven Italian alpine guides made a successful winter climb of Daguin and Ottin's highly direct, and previously unrepeated, 1962 route. But a storm came during their ascent, bringing two metres of snow to Breuil-Cervinia and Zermatt, and their accomplishment turned bitter when one of the climbers died during the descent.[31]
The north face
The north face, before it was climbed in 1931, was one of the last great big wall problems in the Alps. To succeed on the north face, good climbing and ice-climbing technique and route-finding ability were required. Unexpectedly it was first climbed by the brothers Franz and Toni Schmid on July 31–August 1, 1931. They reached the summit at the end of the second day, after a night of bivouac. Because they had kept their plans secret, their ascent was a complete surprise. In addition, the two brothers had travelled by bicycle from Munich and after their successful ascent they cycled back home again.[38] The first winter ascent of the north face was made by Hilti von Allmen and Paul Etter on February 3–4, 1962.[16] Its first solo ascent was made in five hours by Dieter Marchart on July 22, 1959.[16] Walter Bonatti climbed the "North Face Direct" solo on February 18–22, 1965.[16] This Bonatti direct route was not repeated solo until 29 years later, in winter 1994 by (first woman) Catherine Destivelle.
Ueli Steck set the record time in climbing the north face (Schmid route) of Matterhorn in 2009 with a time of 1 hour 56 minutes.[39]
After Bonatti's climb, the best alpinists were still preoccupied with one last great problem: the "Zmutt Nose", an overhang lying on the right-hand side of the north face. In July 1969 two Italians, Alessandro Gogna and Leo Cerruti, attempted to solve the problem. It took them four days to figure out the unusual overhangs, avoiding however its steepest part. In July 1981 the Swiss Michel Piola and Pierre-Alain Steiner surmounted the Zmutt Nose by following a direct route, the Piola-Steiner.[31][40]
The first ascent of the south face was made by Enzo Benedetti with guides Louis Carrel and Maurice Bich on October 15, 1931,[16] and the first complete ascent of the east face was made by Enzo Benedetti and G. Mazzotti with guides Louis and Lucien Carrel, Maurice Bich and Antoine Gaspard on September 18–19, 1932.[16]
Climbing routes[edit]
Trail to the Hörnli Hut
Today, all ridges and faces of the Matterhorn have been ascended in all seasons, and mountain guides take a large number of people up the northeast Hörnli route each summer. By modern standards, the climb is fairly difficult (AD Difficulty rating), but not hard for skilled mountaineers according to French climbing grades. There are fixed ropes on parts of the route to help. Still, several climbers die each year due to a number of factors including the scale of the climb and its inherent dangers, inexperience, falling rocks, and overcrowded routes.
The usual pattern of ascent is to take the Schwarzsee cable car up from Zermatt, hike up to the Hörnli Hut elev. 3,260 m (10,700 ft), a large stone building at the base of the main ridge, and spend the night. The next day, climbers rise at 3:30 am so as to reach the summit and descend before the regular afternoon clouds and storms come in. The Solvay Hut located on the ridge at 4,003 m (13,133 ft) can be used only in a case of emergency.
Other routes on the mountain include the Italian (Lion) ridge (AD Difficulty rating), the Zmutt ridge (D Difficulty rating) and the north face route, one of the six great north faces of the Alps (TD+ Difficulty rating).
Routes Start Time of ascent Difficulty
Ridges Hörnli Hörnli Hut 6 hours AD+/III+
Zmutt Hörnli Hut (or Schönbiel Hut) 7 hours (10 hours) D/IV
Lion Carrel Hut 5 hours AD+/III
Furggen Bivacco Bossi 7 hours TD/V+
Faces North Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD/V
West Schönbiel Hut 12 hours TD/V+
South Rifugio Duca degli Abruzzi 15 hours TD+/V+
East Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD
Aegidius Tschudi, one of the earliest Alpine topographers and historians, was the first to mention the region around the Matterhorn in his work, De Prisca ac Vera Alpina Raethi, published in Basel in 1538. He approached the Matterhorn as a student when in his Alpine travels he reached the summit of the Theodul Pass but he does not seem to have paid any particular attention to the mountain itself.[41]
Theodulpass, c. 1800
The Matterhorn remained unstudied for more than two centuries, until a geologist from Geneva, Horace Benedict de Saussure, travelled to the mountain, which filled him with admiration. However de Saussure was not moved to climb the mountain, and had no hope of measuring its altitude by taking a barometer to its summit. "Its precipitous sides," he wrote, "which give no hold to the very snows, are such as to afford no means of access." Yet his scientific interest was kindled by "the proud peak which rises to so vast an altitude, like a triangular obelisk, that seems to be carved by a chisel." His mind intuitively grasped the causes which gave the peak its present precipitous form: the Matterhorn was not like a perfected crystal; the centuries had laboured to destroy a great part of an ancient and much larger mountain. On his first journey de Saussure had come from Ayas to the Col des Cimes Blanches, from where the Matterhorn first comes into view; descending to Breuil, he ascended to the Theodul Pass. On his second journey, in 1792, he came to the Valtournanche, studying and describing it; he ascended to the Theodul Pass, where he spent three days, analysing the structure of the Matterhorn, whose height he was the first to measure, and collecting stones, plants and insects. He made careful observations, from the sparse lichen that clung to the rocks to the tiny but vigorous glacier fly that fluttered over the snows and whose existence at such heights was mysterious. At night he took refuge under the tent erected near the ruins of an old fort at the top of the pass. During these days he climbed the Klein Matterhorn (3,883 metres), which he named the Cime Brune du Breithorn.[41]
The first inquirers began to come to the Matterhorn. There is a record of a party of Englishmen who in the summer of 1800 crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass, a few months after the passage of Bonaparte; they came to Aosta and thence to Valtournanche, slept at the chalets of Breuil, and traversed the Theodul Pass, which they called Monte Rosa. The Matterhorn was to them an object of the most intense and continuous admiration.[41]
The Matterhorn by Edward Theodore Compton, 1879
The Matterhorn is mentioned in a guide-book to Switzerland by Johann Gottfried Ebel, which was published in Zürich towards the end of the eighteenth century, and translated in English in 1818. The mountain appeared in it under the three names of Silvius, Matterhorn, and Mont Cervin, and was briefly described as one of the most splendid and wonderful obelisks in the Alps. On Zermatt there was a note: "A place which may, perhaps, interest the tourist is the valley of Praborgne (Zermatt); it is bounded by huge glaciers which come right down into the valley; the village of Praborgne is fairly high, and stands at a great height above the glaciers; its climate is almost as warm as that of Italy, and plants belonging to hot countries are to be found there at considerable altitudes, above the ice."[41]
William Brockedon, who came to the region in 1825, considered the crossing of the Theodul Pass from Breuil to Zermatt a difficult undertaking. He gave however, expression to his enthusiasm on the summit. When he arrived exhausted on the top of the pass, he gazed "on the beautiful pyramid of the Cervin, more wonderful than aught else in sight, rising from its bed of ice to a height of 5,000 feet, a spectacle of indescribable grandeur." In this "immense natural amphitheatre, enclosed from time immemorial by snow- clad mountains and glaciers ever white, in the presence of these grand walls the mind is overwhelmed, not indeed that it is unable to contemplate the scene, but it staggers under the immensity of those objects which it contemplates." Those who made their way up through the Valtournanche to the foot of the mountain were few in number. W. A. B. Coolidge, a diligent collector of old and new stories of the Alps, mentions that during those years, besides Brockedon, only Hirzel-Escher of Zürich, who crossed the Theodul Pass in 1822, starting from Breuil, accompanied by a local guide. The greater number came from the Valais up the Visp valley to Zermatt. In 1813, a Frenchman, Henri Maynard, climbed to the Theodul Pass and made the first ascent of the Breithorn; he was accompanied by numerous guides, among them J. M. Couttet of Chamonix, the same man who had gone with de Saussure to the top of the Klein Matterhorn in 1792. The writings of these pioneers make much mention of the Matterhorn; the bare and inert rock is gradually quickened into life by men's enthusiasm. "Stronger minds," remarked Edward Whymper, "felt the influence of the wonderful form, and men who ordinarily spoke or wrote like rational beings, when they came under its power seemed to quit their senses, and ranted and rhapsodised, losing for a time all common forms of speech."[41]
Among the poets of the Matterhorn during these years (1834 to 1840) were Elie de Beaumont, a famous French geologist; Pierre Jean Édouard Desor, a naturalist of Neuchatel, who went up there with a party of friends, two of whom were Louis Agassiz and Bernhard Studer. Christian Moritz Engelhardt, who was so filled with admiration for Zermatt and its neighbourhood that he returned there at least ten times (from 1835 to 1855), described these places in two valuable volumes, drew panoramas and maps, and collected the most minute notes on the mineralogy and botany of the region. Zermatt was at that time a quiet little village, and travellers found hospitality at the parish priest's, or at the village doctor's.[41]
The Matterhorn by John Ruskin, 1849
In 1841 James David Forbes, professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, came to see the Matterhorn. A philosopher and geologist, and an observant traveller, he continued the work of De Saussure in his journeys and his writings. He was full of admiration for the Matterhorn, calling it the most wonderful peak in the Alps, unsealed and unscalable. These words, pronounced by a man noted among all his contemporaries for his thorough knowledge of mountains, show what men's feelings then were towards the Matterhorn, and how at a time when the idea of Alpine exploration was gaining ground in their minds, the Matterhorn stood by itself as a mountain apart, of whose conquest it was vain even to dream. And such it remained till long after this; as such it was described by John Ball twenty years later in his celebrated guide-book. Forbes ascended the Theodul Pass in 1842, climbed the Breithorn, and came down to Breuil; as he descended from the savage scenery of the Matterhorn, the Italian landscapes of the Valtournanche seemed to him like paradise. Meanwhile Gottlieb Samuel Studer, the geographer, together with Melchior Ulrich, was describing and mapping the topographical features of the Zermatt peaks.[41][42]
Rodolphe Töpffer, who first accompanied and guided youth to the Alps for purposes of education and amusement, began his journeys in 1832, but it is only in 1840 that he mentions the Matterhorn. Two years later Töpffer and his pupils came to Zermatt. He has described this journey of his in a chapter entitled Voyage autour du Mont Blanc jusqu'à Zermatt, here he sings a hymn of praise to the Matterhorn, comparing its form with a "huge crystal of a hundred facets, flashing varied hues, that softly reflects the light, unshaded, from the uttermost depths of the heavens". Töpffer's book was illustrated by Alexandre Calame, his master and friend, with drawings of the Matterhorn, executed in the romantic style of the period. It is an artificial mountain, a picture corresponding rather with the exaggerated effect it produces on the astonished mind of the artist, than with the real form of the mountain.[41]
About this time there came a man who studied the Matterhorn in its structure and form, and who sketched it and described it in all its parts with the curiosity of the artist and the insight of the scientist. This was John Ruskin, a new and original type of philosopher and geologist, painter and poet, whom England was enabled to create during that period of radical intellectual reforms, which led the way for the highest development of her civilisation. Ruskin was the Matterhorn's poet par excellence. He went to Zermatt in 1844, and it is to be noticed as a curious fact, that the first time he saw the Matterhorn it did not please him. The mountain on its lofty pedestal in the very heart of the Alps was, perhaps, too far removed from the ideal he had formed of the mountains; but he returned, studied and dreamt for long at its feet, and at length he pronounced it "the most noble cliff in Europe." Ruskin was no mountaineer, nor a great friend to mountaineering; he drew sketches of the mountains merely as an illustration of his teaching of the beauty of natural forms, which was the object of his whole life. In his work on Modern Painters he makes continual use of the mountains as an example of beauty and an incentive to morality. The publication of Ruskin's work certainly produced a great impression at the time on educated people in England, and a wide spread desire to see the mountains.[41]
It is a fragment of some size; a group of broken walls, one of them overhanging; crowned with a cornice, nodding some hundred and fifty feet over its massive flank, three thousand above its glacier base, and fourteen thousand above the sea, — a wall truly of some majesty, at once the most precipitous and the strongest mass in the whole chain of the Alps, the Mont Cervin.[41]
Aerial photography by Eduard Spelterini in 1910
Other men of high attainments followed, but in the years 1850 scientists and artists were about to be successed by real climbers and the passes and peaks around Zermatt were explored little by little. In the preface to the first volume of the Alpine Journal, which appeared in 1863, the editor, Mr. H. B. George, after remarking that nearly all the highest peaks in the Alps had by then been conquered, wrote the following words, which sounded an appeal to English climbers : " While even if all other objects of interest in Switzerland should be exhausted, the Matterhorn remains (who shall say for how long?) unconquered and apparently invincible."[41]
The traditional inaccessibility of the Matterhorn was vanquished after an expedition led by Whymper successfully reached the summit in 1865. But it ended dramatically with four men perishing on the descent. The news of the catastrophe gave rise to a universal cry of horror. Of all Alpine disasters, not one, not even of those which had a larger number of victims, ever moved men's minds as this one did. The whole of Europe talked of it; the English papers discussed it with bitter words of blame; Italian papers invented a tale of a rock detaching itself from the summit, and sweeping the helpless victims to destruction, or of a hidden crevasse opening wide its terrible jaws to swallow them. A German newspaper published an article in which Whymper was accused of cutting the rope between Douglas and Taugwalder, at the critical moment, to save his own life.[41]
In 1890 the Federal Government was asked simultaneously by the same contractor for a concession for the Zermatt-Gornergrat railway, and for a Zermatt-Matterhorn one. The Gornergrat railway was constructed, and has been working since 1899, but there has been no more talk of the other. The project essentially consisted of a line which went up to the Hörnli, and continued thence in a rectilinear tunnel about two kilometres long, built under the ridge, and issuing near the summit on the Zmutt side.[41] Sixty years later in 1950, Italian engineer Count Dino Lora Totino planned a cable car on the Italian side from Breuil-Cervinia to the summit. But the Alpine Museum of Zermatt sent a protest letter with 90'000 signatures to the Italian government. The latter declared the Matterhorn a natural wonder worthy of protection and refused the concession to the engineer.[43]
During the 20th century, the Matterhorn and the story of the first ascent in particular, inspired various artists and film producers such as Luis Trenker and Walt Disney.[44][45] Large-scale replicas can be found at Disneyland and Window of the World.
Designed in 1908 by Emil Cardinaux, a leading poster artist of the time, the Matterhorn affiche for the Zermatt tourist office is often considered the first modern poster. It has been described as a striking example of marriage of tourism, patriotism and popular art. It served as decoration in many Swiss military hospices during the war in addition to be found in countless middle class living rooms. Another affiche depicting the Matterhorn was created by Cardinaux for the chocolate brand Toblerone in the 1920s. Since then, the Matterhorn has become a reference that still inspires graphic artists today and has been used extensively for all sort of publicity and advertising.[46][47][48][49][50]
The Matterhorn and the Dent d'Hérens (right), viewed from the Dom
• Charles Gos, Le Cervin (Attinger, 1948)
• Yvan Hostettler, Matterhorn: Alpine Top Model (Olizane Edition, Geneva, 2006). The use of the Matterhorn in advertisement, publicity, movies, painting and arts[51]
• R. L. G. Irving, Ten Great Mountains (London, J. M. Dent & Sons, 1940)[52]
• Beat P. Truffler, The History of the Matterhorn: First Ascents, Projects and Adventures, 4th ed., (Aroleit-Verlag, Zurich, 1998). ISBN 3-905097-14-1. Translation of Die Geschichte des Matterhorns from the German by Mirjam Steinmann
• Edward Whymper, Scrambles Amongst the Alps (1871)
• The book, Banner in the Sky, by James Ramsey Ullman is based on Edward Whympers ascent.
1. ^ Despite its prominence in a local sense, the Matterhorn is not among the top 100 mountains in the Alps measured by topographic prominence. Its close neighbors Monte Rosa, the Dom, Liskamm and the Weisshorn, have higher summits. See a panoramic photograph of the view from Finsteraarhorn, to the north. The key col is Col Durand, at 3,438 metres, between the Matterhorn and the Weisshorn.
2. ^ Considering summits with at least 300 metres prominence, it is the 6th highest in the Alps.
3. ^ Messner, Reinhold (September 2001). The big walls: from the North Face of the Eiger to the South Face of Dhaulagiri. The Mountaineers Books. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-89886-844-9. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
4. ^ Journal de Genève, 10-28-1995, p. 23
5. ^ a b Matterhorn in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
6. ^ 24 heures: Déguisé le Mont-Cervin, 17.10.2008
7. ^ "Swiss Mountains - Names". Retrieved 2007-11-26.
8. ^ Bulletin of the Italian Alpine Club (vol. ii., 1867, p. 107)
9. ^ Caesar, De Bello Gallico, book iii.
10. ^ Rey, Guido, The Matterhorn, p. 289
11. ^ Silvia Tenderini, La montagna per tutti: ospitalità sulle Alpi nel Novecento, 2002, p. 40
12. ^ "Matterhorn". Retrieved 2011-01-23.
13. ^ Key dates in the history of Zermatt, Zermatt tourism. Retrieved on 2009-10-16
14. ^ Guido Rey, The Matterhorn, p. 317
15. ^ No change in the height of Matterhorn, leica-geosystems
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Robin G. Collomb, Pennine Alps Central, London: Alpine Club, 1975, pp. 241–59
17. ^ Key dates in the history of Zermatt Retrieved on 2009-10-19
18. ^ Edward Whymper, Scrambles amongst the Alps, 6th edition, London: John Murray, 1936, p. 80
19. ^ A list of 109 world 'Matterhorns' CERVIN top model des Alpes Retrieved 15 October 2007 (French).
20. ^ The Matterhorn - Really from Africa?
21. ^ Internides, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Lausanne
22. ^ Histoire du BVZ Zermatt-Bahn Retrieved on 2009-10-16
23. ^ Zermatt Bergbahnen AG, Projects Retrieved on 2009-10-22
24. ^ Hilary Sharp, Tour of the Matterhorn, Cicerone
25. ^ "On July 14, 1865, he set forth from this hotel with his companions and guides, and completed the first successful ascent of the Matterhorn."
26. ^ Roger W. Patillo, The Canadian Rockies: Pioneers, Legends and True Tales, p. 176
27. ^ a b c d e Edward Whymper, Scrambles amongst the Alps, 6th edition, London: John Murray, 1936, pp. 309–13
28. ^ The Times 08-08-1865, p 9
29. ^ a b c Guido Rey, The Matterhorn (translated J. E. C. Eaton), London, 1908, p. 140
30. ^ Janet Adam Smith, Lucy Walker (1836–1916), Oxford University Press
31. ^ a b c Herve Barmasse and Luca Maspes, July 2006, "The Matterhorn", Alpinist, 16
32. ^ La Stampa 08-21-1992, p. 12
33. ^ Ascent Races and Records - ISF/FSA recognised
34. ^ Races and Records - ISF / FSA recognised
36. ^ William Penhall, 'The Matterhorn from the Zmutt Glacier', Alpine Journal, Vol. IX, reprinted in Peaks, Passes and Glaciers, ed. Walt Unsworth, London: Allen Lane, 1981, pp. 64–72.
38. ^ Reinhold Messner, The big walls: from the North Face of the Eiger to the South Face of Dhaulagiri, p 41
39. ^ Breaking boundaries one perilous face at a time, Swissinfo. Retrieved on 2012-12-09.
40. ^ Le Nez de Zmutt,
41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rey, Guido, The Matterhorn (translated J. E. C. Eaton), London, 1908. Available on the Internet Archive
42. ^ Sydney Spencer,Mountaineering, p. 27, 1934
43. ^ Tragödien am Matterhorn, Johannes Schweikle,
44. ^ Hans-Michael Bock, Tim Bergfelder, The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema, p. 480
45. ^ Walt Disney and Zermatt
46. ^ The first Swiss Posters: travel posters
47. ^ Publicité Toblerone
48. ^ David Scott, Poetics of the Poster: The Rhetoric of Image-Text, p. 94
49. ^ Hans Ulrich Jost, From Liotard to Le Corbusier: 200 years of Swiss painting, 1730-1930, p. 19
50. ^ Hilary Sharp, Tour of Monte Rosa, p. 54
51. ^ CERVIN top model des Alpes (French)
52. ^ The climbing history up to 1939 of the Matterhorn, Snowdon, Ben Nevis, Ushba, Mount Logan, Everest, Nanga Parbat, Kanchenjunga, Mount Cook and Mont Blanc
External links[edit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39374 | National Bison Range
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National Bison Range
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Map showing the location of National Bison Range
National Bison Range
Location Lake / Sanders counties, Montana, USA
Nearest city Missoula, MT
Coordinates 47°19′30″N 114°13′33″W / 47.32500°N 114.22583°W / 47.32500; -114.22583Coordinates: 47°19′30″N 114°13′33″W / 47.32500°N 114.22583°W / 47.32500; -114.22583[1]
Area 18,800 acres (7,600 ha)
Established 1908
Visitors est. 250,000 (in 2004)
Governing body U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The National Bison Range (NBR) is a National Wildlife Refuge located in western Montana established in 1908 to provide a sanctuary for the American bison.[2][3] The NBR is one of the oldest National Wildlife Refuges in the United States. The size of the bison herd at the NBR is relatively small, numbering between 350 and 500 individuals. The initial herd of American bison was provided by organizations such as the American Bison Society, and today the refuge serves as the central point for bison research in the United States.
The NBR consists of approximately 18,800 acres (7,600 ha) and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Other nearby National Wildlife Refuges are managed as parts of the National Bison Range Complex and include the Lost Trail, Ninepipe, Pablo and the Swan River National Wildlife Refuges. Also affiliated is the Northwest Montana Wetland Management District.
The NBR has a visitor center, and two scenic roads that allow vehicular access to prime viewing areas. The refuge is approximately one hour north of Missoula, Montana with signs off of U.S. Highway 93 directing visitors to the entrance at Moiese, Montana, and the refuge headquarters.
The Mission Mountains viewed from the Range
The Refuge is essentially a small, low-rolling mountain connected to the Mission Mountain Range by a gradually descending spur. Range elevation varies from 2,585 feet at headquarters to 4,885 feet at High Point on Red Sleep Mountain, the highest point on the Range. Much of the National Bison Range was once under prehistoric Glacial Lake Missoula, which was formed by a glacial ice dam on the Clark Fork River about 13,000 to 18,000 years ago. The lake attained a maximum elevation of 4,200 feet, so the upper part of the Refuge was above water. Old beach lines are still evident on north-facing slopes. Topsoil on the Range is generally shallow and mostly underlain with rock which is exposed in many areas, forming ledges and talus slopes. Soils over the major portion of the Range were developed from materials weathered from strongly folded pre-Cambrian quartzite and argillite bedrock.[4]
Biology and Ecology[edit]
A bison roaming at the National Bison Range
Once believed to number in the tens of millions, bison once were found in all the current U.S. states, except Hawaii, and also throughout Canada.
Bison were nearly extinct by 1890, having been part of a Federal government sponsored program of eradication during the Indian Wars, thereby removing a vital food source from the Plains Indians diet, and ensuring easier relocation onto Indian reservations.
Bison were also considered to be a less desirable food source than domesticated cattle because of their wild nature. They were also viewed as competition for prime grazing lands that could be used by cattle.
By the beginning of the 20th century efforts were being made to preserve the remaining bison and protect areas in which they could reconstitute. Approximately 250,000 bison can be found on federal and state lands, and in privately owned herds.
Bison have an average of 60% of the fat content per pound of beef and more protein. Most of the private herds are used as a food source. Bison meat is gaining in popularity and often found in grocery stores and restaurants.
In addition to the 350 to 500 American bison (buffalo) on the National Bison Range, many other mammal species may be seen on the refuge, including elk (wapiti), mule deer, bighorn sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn, mountain cottontail, Columbian ground squirrel, muskrat, yellow-pine chipmunk, American badger, American black bear, cougar (mountain lion), and coyote.[5]
Over two hundred bird species have been seen on the refuge.[6]
The National Bison Range contains many plant species, including the bitterroot, ponderosa pine, and buffalo grass.[7]
1. ^ "National Bison Range". Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
2. ^ Topoquest (USGS Quads). Ravalli, MT (Map). Retrieved February 22, 2014.
3. ^ "Annual Report of Lands Under Control of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" (pdf). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. September 30, 2010. p. 23. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
4. ^ About the Refuge, March 12, 2013, viewed November 6, 2013, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
5. ^ Mammals - National Bison Range - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 06 Nov. 2013.
6. ^ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. No date. Birds of National Bison Range. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Unpaginated. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online.
7. ^ Plants of the National Bison Range, September 1985, viewed November 6, 2013, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39375 | Platanus wrightii
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Platanus wrightii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Platanaceae
Genus: Platanus
Species: P. wrightii
Binomial name
Platanus wrightii
Natural range
• Platanus mexicana Torr. (Illegitimate)
• Platanus racemosa subsp. wrightii (S. Watson) A.E. Murray
• Platanus racemosa var. wrightii (S. Watson) L.D. Benson
Platanus wrightii (Arizona Sycamore, also in Spanish Álamo[3]), is a sycamore tree native to Arizona and New Mexico with its range extending south into the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua and Sinaloa.[4]
The tree is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 70 ft.
The Arizona Sycamore is a tree of central Arizona's transition zone in the Mogollon RimWhite Mountains. The range extends into southwest New Mexico and parts of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa in Mexico.[5] In Arizona the range extends south towards northern Sonora. The range in southeast Arizona is a northeasterly part of the Sonoran Desert, and is at the northern region of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera.
Arizona Sycamore is prevalent in riparian areas of the Madrean Sky Islands, mountain sky islands in southeast Arizona, extreme southwest, bootheel region of New Mexico, northeastern Sonora, and extreme northwest Chihuahua).[6] The species is more prevalent west of the Madrean Sky Islands region, still in the central and northeast Sonoran Desert, an area around the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument at the Arizona-Sonora border, with the species range extending in Sonora in the Occidentals, or its western foothills. Scattered reports have been made farther east in the Sierra Madre Occidental.
1. ^ Tropicos
2. ^ The Plant List
3. ^ Lady Bird Johnson WildFlower database
4. ^ Laferriere, J.E. Platanaceae, Sycamore or Plane Tree Family. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 26: 238. 1992
5. ^ Little. Atlas of United States Trees, Volume 3, Minor Western Hardwoods, Map 113, Platanus wrightii
6. ^ Little, Map 113, Platanus wrightii
External links[edit]
Canyon trees, (white bark, no leaves): |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39378 | The Maracot Deep
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The Maracot Deep
Maracot deep.jpg
Cover of the first edition of The Maracot Deep
Author Arthur Conan Doyle
Country United Kingdom
Language English
Genre Fantasy-Science fiction novel
Publisher John Murray
Publication date
Media type Print (Hardback)
Pages 310 pp
The Maracot Deep is a short 1929 novel by Arthur Conan Doyle about the discovery of a sunken city of Atlantis by a team of explorers led by Professor Maracot. He is accompanied by Cyrus Headley, a young research zoologist and Bill Scanlan, an expert mechanic working with an iron works in Philadelphia who is in charge of the construction of the submersible which the team takes to the bottom of the Atlantic.[1]
The novel first appeared in 1928 as a serial in The Saturday Evening Post.[2] It also appeared as a serial in The Strand Magazine from October 1927 to February 1928. In 1929 it was followed by a sequel, The Lord of the Dark Face,[3] beginning with the April issue of The Strand. The same year the novel was published in The Maracot Deep and Other Stories from John Murray in London, and was released in the U.S. by Doubleday Books of New York.[1]
The novel revolves around the legend of Atlantis, mentioned as an ancient city or continent which was drowned by the sea due to divine intervention. The novel is narrated by Headley who first writes a letter to his friend Sir John Talbot. On his subsequent rescue, he completes his story giving details on his escape and how they fought off possibly the greatest danger to humanity, the Devil himself.
The novel begins with preparations for the dive, off the coast of Africa. Prof. Maracot claims to have located the deepest trench in the Atlantic and is vehement that he shall go down in the specially prepared submersible actually a bathysphere along with Headley and Scanlan. On reaching the edge of the trench, a description of the undersea world is presented. The team comes face to face with a giant crustacean who cuts off their line and hurls them down into the trench. Down in the trench, the team is rescued by the Atlanteans who are the last survivors of the land that was Atlantis.
Although the description of Atlantis may not sound quite futuristic and may seem fantastic, the fact that the novel was written in 1929 should be taken into account. One device in particular is often made use of. This is a thought projector which visualizes the thoughts of a person for others to see. This helps the team and the Atlanteans to communicate.
Descriptions of work habits, culture and various sea creatures are provided. The Atlanteans forage for their food from the sea bed and their slaves, Greeks who are the descendants of the original slaves of the kingdom of Atlantis work in undersea mines. This is made possible thanks to an exceptionally strong and light transparent material which is fashioned into helmets to enable people to work underwater.
The team eventually uses the levity of these spheres to escape to the surface. Headley elopes with the daughter of Manda, leader of the Atlanteans.
In the later part of the novel, Headley describes the encounter with the Lord of the Dark Face, a supernatural being who led the Atlanteans to their doom and was the cause of untold miseries to humanity ever since. This being is likened to the Phoenician god Baal who was demonized by later religions and cultures. The being is defeated by Prof. Maracot who becomes possessed by the spirit of Warda, the man who managed to convince a handful of Atlanteans to prepare for the worst and thus built an Ark which saved them from the cataclysm which destroyed their land.
Features of the Novel[edit]
Although a short novel, it provides interesting glimpses into the belief regarding the sea during the early 20th century and particularly Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's own beliefs and outlooks. The dramatic end mentioned at the end of the novel, the fight between the ultimate Good and Evil reveals the deep spiritual nature which Conan Doyle had developed in his later years. Whereas the adventures of Sherlock Holmes show the keen analytical side of Sir Arthur, novels like The Maracot Deep show that he seriously took to spiritualism in his later years. It is not marked by any particular religion though there are strong Christian and Hellenistic undertones.
1. ^ a b Bleiler, Everett Franklin (1990), Science-fiction, the early years, Kent State University Press, p. 206, ISBN 0-87338-416-4
2. ^ Sprague De Camp, Lyon (1970), Lost continents: the Atlantis theme in history, science, and literature, Courier Dover Publications, p. 262, ISBN 0-486-22668-9
3. ^ Clute, John; Grant, John (1999), The encyclopedia of fantasy (2nd ed.), Macmillan, p. 287, ISBN 0-312-19869-8 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39380 | Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu
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Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu (Johannes Bukhtishu) was a 9th-century Persian[1] or Syriac[2] physician from Khuzestan, Persia.[3][4]
Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu‘ (or Bakhtishu‘) was a member of a prominent family of Nestorian Christian physicians originally from Jundishapur in Khuzastan who worked in Baghdad from the 8th through the 10th centuries. The name is composite of middle Persian Bukht (saved)[5] and Syriac Ishu' (Jesus), which means saved by Jesus or one whose saviour is Jesus.
Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu was the illegitimate son of Jabril Ibn Bukhtishu (d. 870CE) who was physician to the caliphs al-Ma'mun, al-Wathiq and Al-Mutawakkil in Baghdad.
Ibn Bukhtishu‘, who worked in Baghdad about 892CE, is known to have written a treatise on astrological knowledge necessary for a physician, but the treatise is now lost. It is uncertain whether he was in fact the author of a treatise on materia medica that is attributed to him in the extant copies, of which The National Library of Medicine has one.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
• Ibn Abi Usaybi'ah, 'Uyun al-anba' fi tabaqat al-atibba', ed. A. Müller, 2 vols. (Cairo and Königsberg: al-Matba'ah al-Wahbiyah, 1882–1884) vol. I p. 202.
For the family of physicians, see Lutz Richter-Bernburg, "Boktisu" in Encyclopædia Iranica, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, 6+ vols. (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul and Costa Mesa: Mazda, 1983 to present), vol. 4, pp 333–336.
1. ^ Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity, (HarperCollins, 2008), 78.
2. ^ Bonner, Michael David; Ener, Mine; Singer, Amy (2003). Poverty and charity in Middle Eastern contexts. SUNY Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7914-8676-4. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
3. ^ Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts, U.S. National Library of Medicine
4. ^ The first Persian Muslims, who replaced the Persian Christian physicians (bukhtishu' and Maswaih or Masua), was Ahmad b. Al-Tayib al-Sarakhsi (died 900).(Frye, Richaard, Heritage of Persian, Mazda Publishers Inc, fourth edition published in 2004, pages 163-164)
5. ^ D. N. MacKenzie, A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, London, 1971 |
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39400 | File list
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17:33, 1 December 2010Wallpaper-j5-sunflower.jpg (file)1.81 MBJohnp (Photo I took in France. CC-BY-SA-3.0)1
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39410 | E46Fanatics (http://forum.e46fanatics.com/index.php)
- - Sport Package?? (http://forum.e46fanatics.com/showthread.php?t=934767)
JakeH325i 07-23-2012 01:16 PM
Sport Package??
Blueandwhite85 07-23-2012 01:22 PM
Yes your car is a ZSP.
Pasqual 07-23-2012 01:40 PM
It has the sport package, that is the sport steering wheel. Another way to tell is if the seats have the higher bolstered sides.
Solidjake 07-23-2012 01:42 PM
Yes you have it.
sammk 07-23-2012 01:44 PM
+1.. Sport seats, sport steering wheel, Style 96 wheels.. Enjoy!
JakeH325i 07-23-2012 01:45 PM
Thanks for the feedback. Does anyone know if the difference in suspension is very noticeable? sport-nonsport
bratliff 07-23-2012 01:47 PM
Sport suspension is stiffer and lower than the non-sport.
sammk 07-23-2012 01:55 PM
And it's a noticeable difference, you can tell easily after you've been in both cars..
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39418 | Discussion in 'Off Topic' started by BUDO-MMA-NYC, Dec 12, 2012.
1. BUDO-MMA-NYC Active Member
Its 12:12 on 12-12-12, the LAST time this will EVER happen, aside from TWELVE hours from now!
2. the0n3 New Member
Already happened here :D!
BUDO-MMA-NYC likes this.
3. RaceBannon Member
12-12-12 and I'm mid way through reading the book: "The Twelve" by Justin Cronin.
BUDO-MMA-NYC likes this.
4. Flound Well-Known Member
Race Bannon! In da house! Woot!
5. Seawall Well-Known Member
Dipshiat of the year, right here.
6. Flound Well-Known Member
It happens twice every 100 years. Once if you use a 24 hour clock....
7. osubuckeye4 Well-Known Member
Well, it's the LAST time this will ever happen, if the world ends in 9 days?
8. BUDO-MMA-NYC Active Member
Haha, exactly!
I meant it would be the last time in our lifetime, just didn't get that point across too well in my OP, too much wine last night.
9. GOODNIGHTIRENE Well-Known Member
bday last year was 11-11-11
turned 21 on 11/11, hit the casino every dealer would say somthing about it. especially craps dealers
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39426 | This is one of the reasons I've stayed away from the iPod:
Nasty stuff. I'm afraid there is an entire generation of iPod users who may have permanently damaged their hearing already.
Brings up an interesting thought, though. How many of you actually have some form of Tinnitus? When you're in a still and quiet room, do you notice any faint, high pitched noise?
More on Tinnitus.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39446 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm doing a tile based 2d rpg in pygame. The problem I'm working on right now is character movement... I am already able to create a map by using multidimensional arrays and a 'camera' follows the player. My problem is now the collision detection... The player should only move one tile at the time so I can easily get his position in tile coordinates and check if he's collided. But I don't know how to do that! At the moment, if a key is pressed, the player moves four pixels in a direction every frame. But that makes tile based collision detection nearly impossible. The player has the size of one tile and yeah, my question is, how can I make the player move only one tile (but NOT every frame since then he would move 32 pixels every single frame.) I know this question was asked before : Pygame Tile Based Character movement speed but this wouldn't work for me, because you had to press the key EVERY TIME you want to move one tile. I use booleans so the player moves as long as the key is pressed.
share|improve this question
"because you had to press the key EVERY TIME you want to move one tile". That's not true at all, I think you are misunderstanding the code sample. – PeterT Jul 28 '13 at 11:09
If you say so... I'm quite sure I did it just the way described there. – SemanticError Jul 28 '13 at 19:59
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1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
To solve your problem check every frame if the button is pressed, if so increment the position.
To have the snapping effect you need to round down your position to tileX position like with this code (int)(PosX/TileSizeX).
If your player can move backwards just decrement the position if the other button is pressed.
share|improve this answer
Whoa right, I should have noticed that!! Works now, thanks. It will look even smoother with animations. I even had variables storing the player's position - but I didn't use them to blit him on the screen! – SemanticError Jul 28 '13 at 19:02
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39447 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
At some point in conquest it said that I would be able to rearrange my skills (strength, intelligence, etc) if I go somewhere, but where is that place located exactly?
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
What version of Puzzle Quest 2 do you have? You can respec on the XBLA version but not on the DS version. You go to Jarrum Blackstone in the Chapel. I believe you can do this anytime after level 21, but I haven't gotten that far myself yet.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39448 | "My boyfriend just texted me that he was standing in Bryant Park when he heard a loud noise, looked up and saw a bunch of scaffolding plummeting down to earth from what he described as 'a great height.' It's a 'tall building opposite the corner of the park.' I know that's not particularly descriptive. He said people went fucking nuts. Not sure yet if anyone is hurt." |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39514 | Brit Awards Are British, StylishS
As the name implies, the Brit Awards attract some of the biggest boldfaces in the UK arts. But that doesn't mean that Rihanna and Bieber weren't there, too! And yes, the duds were eminently gawk-worthy.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSEven though it's all downhill from here (in the bad, Sisyphus way, not the easy-coasting way) let's start with Rihanna's absolutely rocking gown. Because doesn't it just put you in a good mood?
Brit Awards Are British, StylishS Sophie Ellis-Bextor, as a rule, has one of the most consistent of all aesthetics — a little Minnie, a little Peggy Sue Got Married. And who doesn't appreciate consistency in a naughty world? I mean, the woman has stayed true to her "Murder on the Dancefloor" roots, here!
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSAlthough if we're applauding literal-retro consistency, I guess we gotta hand it to Paloma Faith, too.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSCorinne Bailey-Rae is like a stealth red-carpet star: not flamboyant, but always interesting and quietly cool.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSLet's talk about Adele. Specifically, the fact that she looks totally elegant.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSThis is the way to rock statement hair-color: by coordinating it subtly! Love how Ellie Goulding's combining with Old Hollywood 30s, and somehow it totally works.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSThe Biebs, who I have read is toughening up his image under the tutelage of some Usher-approved "swagger coach." Hence the jacket?
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSSo, I'm normally kind of a fan of Fearne Cotton, sartorially-speaking, but this is all skewing a little 90s for me...seriously, didn't we all dance to "Wannabe" in some version of this dress? (I mean, those of you who weren't still forced to wear children's Laura Ashley dresses by your mothers because you were under 5' like some of us.)
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSOn the one hand, Alesha Dixon's dress is seriously failing the fingertip test. On the other, she looks kind of smashing, so.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSWell, sure, maybe Heidi Range could have toned down the shoe, but just how swell is this Calder-esque belt?
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSI'm not even going to suggest that Jessie J forgot her pants, when that's clearly an integral part of this Sexy Geico Gecco costume.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishSRemember all those things we said about Ellie Goulding vis a vis statement hair and balance? Yeah, kind of the exact opposite applies to Avril Lavigne here.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishS Hofit Golan's outfit is so busy it's like the clothing equivalent of working three jobs while parenting five kids, and still managing to be an active member of two book clubs, an oenophile's society and several online communities with liberal commenting policies.
Brit Awards Are British, StylishGetty" /> |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39525 | Audio by title ervand_abrahamian_on_target_iran
Ervand Abrahamian on Target Iran, 07/11/07
Per Fagering speaks with Ervand Abrahamian, who was born in Iran, and is a distinguished professor of history at City University of New York. He is the author of the article "Iran: The Next Target?" and several books including "Iran Between Two Revolutions."
26:50 minutes (18.43 MB)
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39531 | As much as I'd like them to, zombies do not exist, but there is another relentless force that with little prompting could one day attempt to subjugate the human race: Robots. Thankfully we have men like "Robopocalypse" author Daniel H. Wilson on our side.
The folks at Epipheo Studios teamed up with Wilson to create this animated instructional video for surviving the rise of the machines. The tips range from common sense (do not punch a robot) to the more technical (go for the giant robot's leg joints).
The only problem I see here is the assumption that humans would be safe in the water. Hello, robot crabs? I'm grabbing a copy of the book anyway, but come on.
How To Survive A Robot Uprising (aka Robopocalypse) [YouTube via Reddit] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39538 | Let's Make Robots!
Bay of LIES
Maxhirez's picture
I don't know if those outside the US experience this as much, but often I'll choose a part or board off of eBay based on the "Ships from" geographical location if I want it sooner than I care about price, but Occasionally something that is shipping from Texas or New Jersey will arrive with a Mandarin shipping label, quite a few days later than the USPS maps indicate it should take it seems. How often do you guys experience this?
Comment viewing options
In the UK, I find that I regularly get parts quicker from china than from the UK, but I dont think its anything to do with geography. When I order locally because im in a hurry, it regularly takes about 3 or 4 days before the seller marks the item as shipped, whereas when I order from china, I usually have a tracking number in a few hours. I think its the attitude of the sellers that makes a big difference, most of the local sellers do it as a hobby, the chinese guys 'seem' to do it as a job.
hoff70's picture
Protowrxs's picture
Same here with Sainsmart, took a lot longer than expected.
I also do not buy from any that show up as a "US seller" but only list "United States" as the location and not a city. Always a lie/scam somewhere it seems.
ossipee's picture
The only time thats happened for me was sainsmart, and shipping was Hong Kong speed so better than mainland China, but not true usps speeds, the stuff had Chinese post mark with a usps label over part of it. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39539 | Let's Make Robots!
Temperature Controller for my soldering iron
Soldering Iron Temperature Controller
vishurockssrivastava's picture
After buying a crap soldering iron, I found that its not good enough to solder even the most basic of things. I have a $30 gift coupon in RobotShop thanks to jorgen and I thought of using it to buy a new iron for me. Ideally, I want to buy something like this but my budget is limited, so limited that I can't buy it. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39546 |
Re: XMLHttpRequest Object feedback
From: Robin Berjon <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 9 Apr 2006 15:06:51 +0200
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
To: Mark Nottingham <[email protected]>
On Apr 07, 2006, at 20:00, Mark Nottingham wrote:
> OK. I've made my case and have heard from some individuals; it
> seems like there's agreement that automatically setting Referer
> shouldn't be disallowed, but disagreement about whether it should
> be overridable. I'd like to hear the WG's opinion on the matter.
It's been added to the agenda, though given the pile of stuff we have
it may be a while before we get around to it.
So far however I haven't heard a convincing case that Referer-based
content protection was a generally smart and safe thing to do that
should be encouraged by the browsers' security model. Barring a
stronger case for this restriction I'd be surprised to see a
resolution in that direction.
Robin Berjon
Senior Research Scientist
Expway, http://expway.com/
Received on Sunday, 9 April 2006 13:06:52 GMT
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39547 |
[whatwg] Allow empty string for input type=color
From: Ashley Sheridan <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 03 May 2012 19:37:48 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
On Fri, 2012-05-04 at 04:33 +1000, Shaun Moss wrote:
> The way things are done is not always the best way. Most colour pickers
> are used in instances where "not selected" would make no sense.
> However, as you're designing a widget for the web that may be used by
> billions of people in any number of unforeseen ways, flexibility is a
> virtue, and the option to clear the field would be an improvement. If
> you don't allow a "not selected" or null option, this would basically
> force all colour widgets to be required fields, which may not be what
> the form designer wants.
> To compare, some date pickers do not allow you to clear the field, but
> some do. For the web, it's a useful feature.
> Shaun
> On 2012-05-03 11:46 PM, Anne van Kesteren wrote:
> >> If I understand the spec correctly, entering no value defaults to
> >> #000000, thus the required attribute does not apply. What are the
> >> reasons for this? I am sure there were good reasons to specify it
> >> actually very different from "black".
> >
> > "Not selected" is not something typically supported by native color
> > pickers.
> >
> >
Would the colour pickers allow the selection of the alpha channel at the
time of choosing? If so, couldn't you allow a full transparent colour to
be used where null couldn't?
Received on Thursday, 3 May 2012 11:37:48 GMT
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39548 |
From: Julian Reschke <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 17:58:23 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
> Sent: Friday, March 21, 2003 5:30 AM
> To: [email protected]
> I'd like to thank Julian for this excellent and careful review!
> I agree with all of his points. The only one I was tempted to
> question was "Section 13: XML element definitions", where he
> suggested going back to the old syntax for DTD's. But upon
> further reflection, although I believe the new more flexible
> notation should be used when defining all new elements,
> for compatibility with old servers, we should probably maintain
> the element order defined by 2518, so I actually agree with that
> point as well (:-).
The issue here is that all of our specs are using DTDs to describe protocol
elements. But for many reasons, DTDs can not accurately describe the content
models we use in WebDAV (namespaces, ordering, special extensibility
One way to fix this would be to use a different schema language (XML Schema
won't help a lot, RelaxNG may), or to get rid of the formal notation and
fully describe the structure in prose. I think the latter doesn't fly, as it
makes both reading and writing the specs much harder. Changing the schema
language doesn't seem to solve it as well, unless we can decide to use one
that actually *can* express the constraints in WebDAV (I *think* RelaxNG
could, but I'd be surprised if we'd get consensus to make that change).
That leaves us with DTDs.
Right now, RFC2518, RFC3253, and some other specs which are nearing
completion (ACL, Bind, Ordering) all use the same approach, which is:
Use DTDs with the following additional guidelines:
- elements are in the DAV: namespace
- ordering doesn't matter (I *think* that's what most people assume)
- extensibility rules from RFC2518 appendix apply
This has worked fairly well. In particular, it allows me to write down
things like:
<!ELEMENT propfind (allprop | propname | prop) >
without adding a lot of prose. Again, that's better both to read *and* to
In addition, making a change now will make RFC2518bis inconsistent with the
other specs that already are published or close to submission. I think this
would be a mistake, because it's guaranteed to confuse implementors.
So my proposal is to keep the old syntax, and add crystal-clear rules how to
read the DTDs (see for instance [1]). In addition, we'll have to fix the
edge cases in RFC2518 (for instance state that extension elements in
DAV:prop MUST NOT be ignored).
> So I vote that all of the changes suggested by Julian be made
> to the next draft of 2518bis. Note: I have no good idea about
> how to deal with the 5 author limit question (:-).
> Cheers,
> Geoff
Regards, Julian
Received on Friday, 21 March 2003 11:58:31 GMT
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39551 |
Re: CSS WG comments on SVG 1.2
From: Boris Zbarsky <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 01 Dec 2004 16:33:25 -0600
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
CC: [email protected]
Ronan Oger wrote:
> Yes, but CSS applies to XUL like CSS applies to SVG...
> So CSS impacts all of our markups
Assuming the markups define some attributes as automatically ending up
as CSS properties with identical names (which is what SVG does, for good
reasons). XBL and XUL don't do that, and don't end up with namespace
conflicts between attributes and CSS properties.
> I have just seen an example of this having previously happened during a talk
> at the SVG London Users Group, where I caught an odd-looking attribute, whose
> name came about when it had to be re-assigned due to a name collision with
> CSS. It was in one of XUL or XBL.
Details, please? I see no reason why any attribute naming in XUL or XBL
would be affected by CSS.
Received on Wednesday, 1 December 2004 22:36:15 GMT
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39552 |
From: Hugo Haas <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 8 Jun 2004 12:15:55 +0200
To: Glen Daniels <[email protected]>
Cc: Marc Hadley <[email protected]>, Jonathan Marsh <[email protected]>, [email protected], [email protected]
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
* Glen Daniels <[email protected]> [2004-06-07 11:49-0400]
> Second, we could add something like a "mustUnderstand" attribute to
> feature/module declarations, which indicates that anyone using the WSDL
> must understand the given extension, but that the usage of that
> extension is still optional unless "required='true'" is specified.
> Required extensions would remain as they are - where both usage and
> understanding are mandated. This would allow specifying features which
> may or may not be used, but whose use affects the syntax/semantics of
> the exchange enough that failure to understand them would completely
> screw things up in the event they were used.
It raises interesting questions when considering MTOM.
When the HTTP Transmission Optimization Feature is in use, the media
type of the entity received changes from application/soap+xml to
mime/multipart-related, which means that an agent not supporting the
feature is going to be seriously confused, and return a 415 according
to the SOAP HTTP binding[1] if it's the provider agent, or probably
just discard the message it's the requester agent.
That means that if MTOM is used, MTOM has to be understood by the
message receiver to process the message. There is no such thing as a
mustUnderstand=false for MTOM, which could be the case for other
features too.
That means that there are two cases to avoid runtime failures in such
a scenario:
- the mustUnderstand attribute you are proposing would always need to
be set to true for MTOM.
- if the use of MTOM was not required and the requester agent didn't
want to provider agent to use it as it doesn't support it, it would
need to indicate it at runtime, e.g. with Don't Use MTOM (DU-MTOM)
SOAP feature which could appear with an HTTP/1.1 Accept header or a
SOAP header.
It would be described as follows, for an input-output MEP:
output: MTOM required=false mustUnderstand=true
output: MTOM required=false mustUnderstand=false
input: DU-MTOM required=true
Avoiding runtime errors for MTOM without mustUnderstand will mean
either requiring the HTTP Transmission Optimization Feature or not
using it. We are basically approaching the domain of constraints and
Note that this required/mustUnderstand issue also applies to the SOAP
module component in our SOAP 1.2 binding, as a SOAP module may provide
features or headers that always need to be understood.
1. http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-soap12-part2-20030624/#http-reqbindwaitstate
Hugo Haas - W3C
Received on Tuesday, 8 June 2004 06:15:56 GMT
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39554 |
Messages in this thread
SubjectVGER does gradual SPF activation (FAQ matter)
Now that there is even an RFC published about SPF...
What is SPF ?
It is one way to to ensure that at SMTP transport level the claimed
message source domain is valid, and message is coming from place
where origination domain's administrator has declared that are valid
source servers for emails claiming to be of that domain.
It does NOT verify that SMTP origination local part is true.
It does NOT verify message visible headers.
Several people have written MTA configurations that test arriving email
visible "From:" (and sometimes "Sent:") header against SPF data and
actually violate SPF specification doing that!
(We have routinely kicked subscribers with that bug from lists..)
What it gives ?
It gives us a way to tell the world, that emails claiming to be
coming from VGER should be accepted only when they really are
coming from vger. (Complications like recipients incoming MX
relays are not _our_ problem..)
We might get slight reduction of back falling junk at vger with
that - reduction increases when people begin to deploy the SPF
verification more and more widely into their receiving email servers.
(And do it correctly...)
Will VGER begin to verify SPF in incoming email ?
Yes, sometime this summer.
What will break ?
Very little will break, but one should really consider converting
their email sending methodology to one, which uses fewest possible
number of servers, publish that data in DNS, and always send all
emails thru those servers.
In longer run the amount of irresponsible (incurable) network security
holes (known as Windows) shows no sign of becoming extinct at adsl -lines,
so there will be increased pressure to demand sender identification
(and verification) during email sending - viruses can't do that yet...
And when they learn, user with infection can be trivially identified
and contacted/blocked. At the same time I do find it most likely that
ADSL-lines (and modems) will no longer be allowed to send _anywhere_
over plain SMTP.
In order to be able to send email, a "SUBMISSION" protocol does exist,
and is relatively easy to get working with for example the Thunderbird.
Better would be having a button "use submission service" in its account
setup.. (And similar in Outlook/O.Express...)
/Matti Aarnio -- one of postmaster at
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39574 | Subject: https / basic auth capable http benchmarking tools?
To: NetBSD Users <>
From: Dick Davies <>
List: netbsd-users
Date: 11/24/2004 13:55:14
I'm playing around with Rails at the minute, and it supports
several http connection methods.
I'm just switching it over to use fastcgi, which feels a lot
faster than standard cgi, but I wanted to know how *much* faster.
last time I tried this I used ab, but it doesn't support https.
siege does, but not basic auth.
Does anyone know of a tool that can do both?
I can always roll my own, I guess, but I'm lazy....
- Winston Churchill, On formal declarations of war
Rasputin :: Jack of All Trades - Master of Nuns |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39577 | Subject: Re: Include paths and config(8)
To: Jonathan Stone <[email protected]>
From: Greg Hudson <[email protected]>
List: tech-kern
Date: 09/22/1996 20:52:37
> It seems like *all* occurrences of
> include ""
> in a config file need to be changed to
> include "arch/foo/conf/"
That is correct. I should have said so, but for some reason I had
assumed that the files were the only examples.
> From earlier discussion, I'd thought that an "machine foo bar" line
> in "foo.std" was sufficient to put arch/foo/conf (and arch/bar/conf)
> on config's include search-path.
It was a proposal, but the responses I got argued against it. There's
no "include search-path"; all includes are relative to the source
directory and nothing else. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39584 | Social Media
Social IM Client Digsby Finally Gets Group Chat Support
Social IM client Digsby is releasing a new version of its desktop client that includes a long overdue feature: group chat support.
The new update, which has just begun to roll out, focuses on three new features: a revamped LinkedIn interface, the addition of MySpace likes/dislikes and group chat support.
First, Digsby is taking advantage of LinkedIn's new API with a revamped interface that allows users to comment and "like" status updates.
Digsby's MySpace interface is also getting an update, adding "Like!" and "Dislike!" buttons in the stream. Since MySpace's API doesn't support liking or disliking though, Digsby had to build a workaround.
Group chat is by far the biggest of the new features, though. Users can now initiate group conversations in AIM, Google Talk, ICQ, Yahoo Instant Messenger, MSN and Jabber by either clicking the room list button at the top of any IM window or by going to "New Group Chat" in the Digsby menu.
Digsby has been upping its social media integration in recent months, having created a unique Twitter client last year and beginning support for Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace. The social IM client surpassed one million users last year.
Image courtesy of iStockphoto, Kronick
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39588 |
Until the first...
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter On the Mend After Glitch
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) put itself into a precautionary "safe mode" March 7, but the venerable spacecraft is now on the mend, agency officials say. MRO switched over to safe mode after unexpectedly swapping from one main computer to another, NASA officials said March 11. As a result of the glitch, science operations have been suspended, and the probe is not relaying data from the space agency's two active Mars rovers back to Earth at the moment.
NASA Eyes Asteroids, Mars and Europa With $17.5 Billion Budget
Humans on Mars: Who Will Be First?
NASA Discovers New Evidence to Suggest Water On Mars
How Scientists Plan to Farm on Mars
'Jelly Doughnut' Mars Rock Was Not Created by a Meteorite
New photos of the Martian landscape further rule out a meteorite impact as the culprit behind the "jelly doughnut" rock that mysteriously appeared in front of one of NASA's Mars rovers last month. NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter snapped pictures as it flew above the Opportunity rover on Feb. 14, and this week, the space agency released a photo from that flyover campaign.
New NASA Photos Point to Water on Mars
Curiosity Rover's First Photo of Earth From Mars
The Stray Rover on the Far Side of Mars
Mysterious Mars Rock Looks Like Jelly Doughnut
Manned Mission to Mars by 2030s Is Doable but Depends on Budget
World's Space Agencies Plan Future Joint Manned Mars Mission
1,058 People Are Serious About Living on Mars Until They Die
In its highly publicized search to find people for a private manned mission to the Red Planet, Mars One has winnowed down its applicant pool of 200,000 to 1,058 candidates -- all of whom are serious about living out out the rest of their lives on another planet. Headed up by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp, Mars One, which claims to be a non-profit entity, plans to launch a one-way mission to Mars.
Mars Curiosity Rover Lego Model to Launch on New Year's Day
NASA Plans to Put an 'Iron Man' Robot on Mars
At 6'2", 275 pounds, NASA's latest robot look like a decent football player, but Valkyrie could be earmarked for another human profession -- astronaut. The android -- which was built to be a search-and-rescue bot -- comes with sonar equipment, cameras embedded from head to feet and a giant backpack battery. Its arms, legs and hips aren't as flexible as a person's, but it moves in a similar fashion, which could be important for studying the limits of human motion on Mars.
Mars One Plans First Private Robotic Mission to the Red Planet
Radiation Exposure Won't Stop a Manned Mission to Mars
Curiosity Rover Finds Ancient Life-Supporting Lakebed on Mars
Zap! NASA's Curiosity Rover Fires 100,000th Laser Shot on Mars
NASA's trigger-happy Curiosity rover has fired its 100,000th laser shot on Mars, a science milestone in its mission to determine what rocks on the Red Planet are made of, NASA announced Thursday. Each laser pulse shot by the Curiosity rover packs the power of nearly 1 million light bulbs — strong enough to vaporize rock and dust from up to 30 feet away.
Strange Greenhouse Gas Warmed Ancient Mars
At first glance, Mars' 500-mile-long Nanedi Valles looks like the Grand Canyon, with its steep-sided walls and plunging crevasses, two features that indicate a history of water. However, the Mars we know today is one of freezing temperatures, arid conditions and, most importantly, a paper-thin atmosphere -- all combined to create a hostile environment seemingly defiant of any life at all, let alone water.
4.4-Billion-Year-Old Meteorite Is First-Known Piece of Martian Crust
A 4.4-billion-year-old meteorite may be the first-known example of ancient Martian crust, and it could hold key plot points in the planet's storied history. Bedouin tribesmen found the rock, nicknamed "Black Beauty," in the Sahara Desert. Scientists first studied the rock in February and initially estimated that it was about 2 billion years old. However, Florida State University Professor Munir Humayun and his team performed more complex experiments on a 3-pound sample and found it was much older.
NASA Animation Shows What Mars Looked Like Billions of Years Ago
A new animation by NASA Goddard's Conceptual Image Lab shows that four billion years ago, Mars may have looked much more similar to Earth than the barren, desert-like Mars we know today. The animation is based on previous NASA findings of mineral presence and patterns inside craters that suggests there was once water flowing on our solar system neighbor.
LeVar Burton Video Is the Best Explanation of a Mars Mission Yet
The idea of going to Mars is exciting. The reality? Usually, outside of thrilling moments such as the seven seconds of terror that landed the Curiosity Rover on Mars and turned a mohawk-wearing mission controller into a social media superstar, not so much. Full marks to NASA, then, for this video introducing Maven. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39590 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
First some notation: Let $P$ be a homogeneous prime ideal of a $\Bbb{Z}$ - graded ring $R$, $U$ the multiplicative subset of all homogeneous elements not in $P$. Suppose that there exists a homogeneous element $f$ of degree $1$ that is not in $P$.
The problem in Eisenbud is to show that the image of $P$ (which we call $Q$) in the ring $R/(f-1)$ is a prime ideal. In fact what I am trying to prove (something stronger actually) is that the complement of $Q$ in $R/(f-1)$ is the multiplicative set $\bar{U}$, that is the image of $U$ under the canonical projection $\pi : R \longrightarrow R/(f-1)$. Recall because $\pi$ is surjective $Q$ is already an ideal and hence
$$\text{$Q$ is a prime ideal in $R/(f-1)$ $\iff R/(f-1) - Q$ is multiplicatively closed}$$
Now we want to show that $Q^{c} = \bar{U}$. To show these containments we can assume wlog that we show containment for just homogeneous elements. Now one direction I have already shown, namely that $Q^{c} \subseteq \bar{U}$. The other direction is tantamount to showing that $\bar{U} \subseteq Q^{c}$.
Now suppose this does not hold. Then there is $x \in \bar{U}$ such that $x$ is also in $Q$. I.e. there exist $u \in U$ and $p \in P$ such that $x = \pi(u) = \pi(p)$ so that
$$\pi(u - p ) = 0 \implies u- p = (f-1)r$$
for some $r \in R$. Now if $r \in p$ we have our desired contradiction. If $r$ is not in $P$ then we can write
$$r = x_{n_1} + \ldots x_{n_k}$$ where each $x_{n_i}$ for $1 \leq i \leq k$ is homogeneous of degree $x_{n_i}$ and there is at least one $x_{n_i}$ (which we can take to be $x_{n_1}$ ) that is not in $P$. Then rearranging the equation above we have that
$$p = u - fx_{n_1} - \ldots f_{n_k} + x_{n_1} + \ldots x_{n_k}.$$
Recall we assumed that $x_{n_1} \notin P$. Now where I am stuck is I want to do some argument in comparing degrees to derive a contradiction. However what if say only $u$ and $x_{n_1}$ have the same degree as $p$ so that $u + x_{n_1} = p$? How can I get a contradiction out of something like that?
This is where I am stuck because the rest of the analysis seems to be bashing out cases like this and I do not get the desired contradictions. Any hints on how to proceed on the problem would be greatly appreciated.
Edit 1: I believe I have my desired contradiction at least in the case that $r$ is homogeneous. The proof is as follows. Suppose that $u-p = fr - r$. Then rearranging this equation we have $p = u - fr + r$. Now if $u$ has degree different than the other two terms we are stuffed because recall $P$ is a homogeneous prime ideal so then $u \in P$, a contradiction. Furthermore $u$ can only have the same degree as at most 1 of $fr $ or $r$. This is because $\deg fr \neq \deg r$. We divide this out into two cases:
Case 1: $u$ has the same degree as $r$.
Now because $ p = u - fr + r$ and $u$ has the same degree as $r$, we conclude by comparing degrees that $p = u + r$ or $p = -fr$. Now in the former case we must have $-fr = 0 \in P$ contradicting $fr \notin P$ because $f \notin P$ and $r \notin P$. The latter case also gives the same contradiction.
Case 2: $u$ has the same degree as $-fr$.
Now $p$ being a homogeneous element means by comparing degrees that $$p = u-fr, \hspace{2mm} r = 0 \hspace{3mm} \text{or} \hspace{3mm} p = r, \hspace{3mm} u-fr = 0.$$ In the former case we have a contradiction because $r = 0 \implies u = p$ and in the latter we have a contradiction too because $r \notin P$.
*Edit 2:*The one direction that I claimed to have shown, namely that $Q^{c} \subseteq \overline{U}$ is false. Namely because I can't just assume to show containment for homogeneous elements because $U$ and $\overline{U}$ don't have any additive structure on them.
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Your claim is not what the exercise asks you to do. In fact, it is not true in general that the image of $\frak p$ in $R/(f-1)$ is a prime ideal. For example, let $R$ be the polynomial ring $\mathbb{Q}[x]$ over the field of rational numbers, $\frak p$ be the principal ideal $(x+1)$ generated by $x+1$, and $f=x$. So the image of $\frak p$ is the whole ring. If you assume $\frak p$ is homogeneous, then the claim is correct. For the direction you hope to show, please read my comment below. In fact, it may be helpful to realize that the ring $R/(f-1)$ is canonically isomorphic to the ring $R_{(f)}$.
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What I am trying to do will imply the exercise of Eisenbud, like I said it is something stronger. How does your example above help me? – fpqc May 31 '12 at 0:35
I think it is a counter-example to what you hope to show, don't you think so? – Joy-Joy May 31 '12 at 0:44
Your claim does not work because $(x+1)$ is not a homogeneous prime ideal. For example if we put the usual grading on $\Bbb{Q}[x]$ we must have that because $x$ and $1$ have different degrees and are homogeneous that $x \in \mathfrak{p}$ and $1 \in \mathfrak{p}$ which is ridiculous. – fpqc May 31 '12 at 0:46
Have you ever required that $\frak p$ is homogeneous? – Joy-Joy May 31 '12 at 0:49
Sorry I forgot to put that earlier in the question. I am sorry. – fpqc May 31 '12 at 0:50
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39591 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm really noob in maths topics so I hope you will excuse me if I use terms which aren't correct.
I would like to simulate $n$ dimensional diffusion processes with $n$ noises.
Each process has its variance and is correlated to others by correlation / covariance matrix.
My question is about the diffusion matrix: how is it linked to the correlation / covariance matrix?
Let I have martingales
$\begin{pmatrix} dX_{t}^{1}\\ dX_{t}^{2} \end{pmatrix} = 0+\begin{pmatrix} \cdots & \cdots \\ \cdots & \cdots \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} dW_{t}^{1}\\ dW_{t}^{2} \end{pmatrix}$.
What should I use instead of the empty diffusion matrix if my correlation / covariance matrix is like
$V=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -.1\\ -.1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39592 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have some problems with the equivalence of definitions of orientation. I know two definitions of orientation, namely:
• A surface is orientable if it contains no 1-sided curves (a 1-sided curve in a combinatorical surface $F$ is a curve such if $p^{-1}(C)$ has just one component with $p:F'\rightarrow F$ and $F'$ the surface we obtain by cutting $F$ along $C$)
Also there exists the following lemma: A one-sided curve is always non-seperating (non-seperating means that the number of components of $F'$ has the same as $F$). Can we use this fact? And why is that true? From my point of view one can prove this easy with contradiction,true?!
Now the second definition:
• An orientation of a closed combinatorial surface F is an assignment of a clockwise or anticlockwise \circulation" to each face (really an ordering of its vertices, considered up to cyclic permutation), such that at any edge, the circulations coming from the two incident faces are in opposition.
Now i want to show directly that a surface has an orientation if and only if it is orientable in the sense that it contains no 1-sided curves.
Can someone help me with this question? Thank you!
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Assume $F$ is oriented in the sense of the second definition. Let $C$ be a curve. Wlog.(!) the curve runs along edges. The map $p^{-1}(C)\to\{-1,+1\}$ that maps a point to $+1$ if the "current" edge at that point is in forward direction of $C$ and to $-1$ if it is in reverse, is well defined (must be checked at vertices) and continuous. As each edge belongs to two faces and is differently oriented for these, ther exist both edges yielding $+1$ and edges yielding $-1$, hence $p^{-1}(C)$ has (at least) two connected components. Hence no one-sided curve exists.
The other direction is a bit more complicated if one wants to be formally exact, so the following is rather a sketch of an idea: Assume $F$ is oriented in the sense of the first definition. Select an arbitrary face and orient its edges. Extend this face by face to the whole surface by checking faces having at least one edge already oriented. If ever a conflict arises (i.e. the next step would orient an edge differently from an already given orientation by its other face), we find a onesided curve as follows: There is a sequence of faces between the conflicting faces that runs within alrady oriented faces. This also determines a sequence of edges (those that are shared by subsequent faces in this sequence). Join the midpoints of these edges to obtain a closed curve (i.e. starting and ending at the conflicting edge). Using the orientation given to the edges crossed along its way, we get a notion of "left" and "right" of the curve, which gets "flipped" by completely traversing the curve, thus showing that $p^{-1}(C)$ is connected.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39593 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose that I am buying cakes for a party. There are k different types and I intend to buy a total of n cakes. How many different combinations of cakes could I possibly bring to the party?
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Seeded question – Casebash Jul 25 '10 at 10:54
PS. This problem has a really nice proof. I'm pretty hopeful that someone else has seen it posts it – Casebash Jul 25 '10 at 11:23
Whenever I do this sort of thing, the shop runs out of the cakes I want. – walkytalky Jul 25 '10 at 15:20
voting to close--because I'd do so if I saw it as a real question--no indication the asker has thought about the problem first. – Jamie Banks Jul 25 '10 at 19:24
@Katie: Its a perfectly valid question and I haven't seen a hasn't thought about it close reason on any of the other SO websites (maybe mathoverflow is different though). If you want someone to think about a problem, the best solution is to just not give them the whole solution. For example, show them how you go about proving it and leave out the actual formula – Casebash Jul 25 '10 at 20:54
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up vote 12 down vote accepted
Using a method that's often called "stars and bars":
We draw $n$ stars in a row to represent the cakes, and $k-1$ bars to divide them up. All of the stars to the left of the first bar are cakes of the first type; stars between the first two bars are of the second type; . . . .
Here's an example with $n=6$ and $k=5$. We're getting 2 of the first type, 3 of the second type, 0 of the third type, 1 of the fourth type, and 0 of the fifth type.
In order to solve the problem, we just need to reorder the stars and bars by choosing the $k-1$ spots for the bars out of the $n+k-1$ total spots, so our answer is:
$$ \binom{n+k-1}{k-1}. $$
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Exactly what I was looking for – Casebash Jul 25 '10 at 20:51
Note that $\binom {n+k-1}{k-1} = \binom {n+k-1}{n}$ - here the description picks the $k-1$ spots for the bars - equivalently we could pick the $n$ spots for the cakes. – Mark Bennet May 28 '13 at 17:20
Here is a derivation of your formula using the Polya Enumeration Theorem. – Marko Riedel Oct 28 '13 at 0:42
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Let g(n,k) = # combinations of cakes.
Notice that:
• g(n,1) = 1. (all the cakes are the same)
• g(n,2) = n+1. (e.g. for 5 cakes, the # of cakes of type 1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
• g(1,k) = k.
• g(2,k) = k*(k-1)/2 + k (the first term is two different cakes; the second term is when both cakes are the same), as long as k > 1. (otherwise g(2,1) = 1)
• g(3,k) = k * (k-1) * (k-2)/6 + k*(k-1)/2 * 2 + k (the first term is 3 different cakes; the second term is 2 different cakes, with a *2 since there are two choices for which one to duplicate, the third term is when all 3 cakes are the same), as long as k > 2.
If we think of k as a radix rather than the # of cakes, then this problem is equivalent to expressing the # of distinct n-digit numbers in base k whose digits are in sorted order. (e.g. 1122399 is equivalent to 9921231)
I think I can express it as a nonrecursive sum:
g(n,k) = sum from j=1 to max(n,k) of { (k choose j) * h(n,j) }
where h(n,j) is the # of ways to partition N cakes using j different types. (the term in the sum is when there are j distinct cakes actually chosen.)
But that's about as far as I can get... :/
edit: looks like it's combinations with repetitions = ((k+n-1) choose n). (same as the wikipedia article with n and k swapped)
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nice solution Jason S............... – juantheron Dec 13 '13 at 3:34
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Let's assume you have $n$ items and $k$ bins. You need $k-1$ separators to get the $n$ items into the $k$ bins. There are $(n + k - 1)!$ permutations of ordering $n$ items and $(k-1)$ separators. The permutations of the $n$ items don't matter, and the permutations of the $(k-1)$ separators don't matter, so you'll need to divide by $n!$ and $(k-1)!$
Thus you have $$\frac{(n + k - 1)!}{n!(k-1)!} = \binom{n+k-1}{k-1}$$
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39596 | The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing v1.1.25 (+26 Trainer) [FLiNG]
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trainer for v1.2.1
can we please get a trainer for v1.2.1 that came out yesterday other sites clame to have them but i only ever get my trainers from here cuz i trust can we get a trainer for v1.2.1 thanks
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39598 | Out of interest I just followed the following steps in the First Posts review queue:
1. Visited the page to load an answer for review
2. Up-voted the answer
3. Opened the full URL to the question in a new tab
4. Clicked 'I'm done' in the review queue
5. Refreshed the full question page in the other tab, and removed my up-vote.
When I checked the review history for First Posts my review was (unsurprisingly) still there.
As I understand it the number of First Post reviews a user is allowed to carry in a day is directly linked to the number of votes they have remaining that day.
With that in mind, wouldn't it be quite easy for a user to follow the above process in an effort to earn badges more easily and 'cheat' the daily limit? Or are there other checks in place?
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The sad thing is, that sort of cheating would actually be an improvement over how some people use that queue. – Pops Oct 25 '12 at 17:55
Reviewing is not for the badges, so cheating is not needed. (at least in a perfect world). – Toon Krijthe Oct 25 '12 at 17:56
possible duplicate of Steward Badge gaming visible in the Review Close Queue – Toon Krijthe Oct 25 '12 at 18:25
The only thing common between these questions is they are about cheating. They are about two completely different cases, though. – kiamlaluno Oct 25 '12 at 20:55
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up vote 5 down vote accepted
No, actually. You're still limited to 20 first post reviews per day. Doing what you have described would only allow you to vote on 40 posts outside of the review queue while still doing 20 reviews (assuming you are unwilling to edit/close vote/comment/flag in the review queue).
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Gotcha, that makes more sense thanks – Clive Oct 25 '12 at 18:07
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global_01_local_0_shard_00000017_processed.jsonl/39614 | Submitted by -Mezzo- 612d ago | interview
GI - Will Wright: "Console guys are running scared"
GI - The legendary designer shares some thoughts on game design and the industry. (PC, PS3, Wii, Wii U, Will Wright, Xbox 360)
-Mezzo- + 612d ago
LOL, this guy.
ATi_Elite + 612d ago
"Console guys are running scared"
More so the Publishers who have very little experience dealing with Digital Distribution, Cloud, MMO's, and F2P!
Sony has a PC Gaming division and they are already on top of each of these new business models so they are good! They just bought Gaikai (Cloud), they already have MMO's (Everquest) and F2P (Planetside2)! Sony also has integration with the PS3 and Vita!
Microsoft: Same thing they have a PC division and it's nothing for MS to buy the people, patents, or companies it needs to get up to speed and make some dollars.
Nintendo: They have NO CLUE!! I think they are just stuck in the middle and don't know which way to turn. Ninty has been on top of it's game for like forever but with such a rapid and drastic Tech change the Mario Bubble may Burst. They gotta stop being the "little Kid System" and grow up and get with the Integrated Online times.
If Nintendo was on point they would of gotten Mario on the iPhone before the Hackers did. Nintendo is definitely playing catch up to the new tech.
WeskerChildReborned + 612d ago
I think Sony buying Gaikai is a good future for the PS4 or the next gen Playstation.
scissor_runner + 612d ago
F2p will expose story gaming for what it is a bubble. Cloud accounts are ready cloud gaming is not. Nintendo has always had a kind of f2p model. You buy their system and get Mario almost for free. Pack ins have that effect. Demos are a sub set of that but games must have an interactive hook.
Strong franchises will balloon from the f2p idea simply because they are addictive.
Cloud gaming is a function for eye candy and that isn't a driving force in gaming yet, it is a welcomed addition but many devs can not afford it. Design works better off limits rather than potiential fueled by money.
Sony needs better writers of interactive stories and power than the normal cash strapped gamer can own. Then they need to figure out how to survive the arcade. The f2p model is basicly the same Eco system as the arcade. Games must attract and capture attention. Game play is king here since it eats time. Graphics attract but the cat will be out of the bag for Sony and ms.
Nintendo has 16 million sellers, wii play could go f2p and make angry birds silent. Bloom blox could do the same.
Then comes the cloud... You do realize there was a satellite Nintendo enabled system? They played with these ideas before. Many have forgotten these things simply because of the flood of negative media.
Cloud gaming is the tip of the iceberg, there are many creative gaming buisness models that are way more powerful.
If the problems are addressed I can see them all winning but following the uber power model only leads to an snk, sega, Atari like collasp. Gamers are funny, many claim to be loyal but that simply is not possible it is only entertainment.
Sony needs to be very careful, before they had third parties, not so now. Before they could leverage tech the made not so now, they had backing from other parts of the corp, those have fallen. Nintendo had similar problem and then every one turned on them. If Sony can foot the power bill their fans are expecting we will see fall out.
Ms could easily turn every windows pc into an Xbox hub with unified accounts all powered by gpus and CPUs beyond consoles reach, so the power game is very dangerous. We all know the os kills the pc platform what happens when it doesn't ?
Death_Grin48 + 611d ago
Nintendo is in their own league. They never wanted to put Mario in the iPhone. That's stupid and degrading. Not all their games need to have online either because they'll turn out great on their own.
Let the other companies continue to "catch up" to please the simple crowd; Nintendo will continue to do their own thing.
Dojan123 + 611d ago
For the most part I agree with you. However, Nintendo being a kid system can work for them. I buy my kids (3 girls) a number of Nintendo products. So do a lot of parents.
My kids do not play hardcore games but I spend as much money on them as I do for PC gaming (via Steam) and the PS3 (via Plus/PSN)for me. Of course every few years I out spend my kids gaming habit when I am building / Upgrading my PC.
Brutallyhonest + 611d ago
I stop reading and busted out laughing at legendary designer. I really wish guys like this would just do their jobs, designing games, and less media attention seeking.
#1.1.5 (Edited 611d ago ) | Agree(1) | Disagree(0) | Report
jadenkorri + 611d ago
i hate the idea with cloud gaming, cause even a lot of places internet is not guaranteed let alone if it just goes down, u can't play any games. im personally still on buying disc based games as you don't need internet to play the game. Let alone, my provider has a bandwidth cap, if games are quite large your gonna spend more money not just for the game, but all the bandwidth you use for dling the files required each time you play it.
SilentNegotiator + 611d ago
Oh, Will. Go make Sims 10, SimCity 500, and what....Sim Meat Packing Plant? Or Spore 2....ppfffttt HAHAHAHAHAHAHA!
Another 90s rockstar spewing garbage. Sony buying a streaming company doesn't mean Console gaming is coming to a close. Sony already has their hands in the cookie jars of console, PC, mobile, and handheld gaming. Them ADDING streaming means that they're keeping on top of potential platforms. Goofy old man.
LOL, fan of another aged star. Figures. He looooves the idea of throwing things at the wall until something sticks......since he doesn't understand the audience any more. Not like that should be something a game developer should keep a finger on the pulse of or anything. /s
#1.2 (Edited 611d ago ) | Agree(7) | Disagree(9) | Report | Reply
CarlosX360 + 611d ago
Console guys are not running scared, Will Wright.
inbetweener + 611d ago
I'd wager console guys do very little running.
avengers1978 + 611d ago
Will Wright sucks.
zeal0us + 612d ago
F2P existed in the last generation and have increase this generation but I doubt it got Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft scared.
Khordchange + 612d ago
If f2P ever becomes bigger than what it is(which it won't, because they need to make profits), what makes you think nintendo, sony, and microsoft wont make their own F2P games?
nolifeking + 612d ago
Sony already has one in the pipe, with potential others. They seem to see where things may be heading.
Khordchange + 612d ago
and the rest of the post I said "what makes you think nintendo, sony, and microsoft wont make their own F2P games?"
So i did agree with you. Read the entire post
And no, I don't consider it free to play if you have to pay a subscription or pay for weapons and features.
MySwordIsHeavenly + 612d ago
DC Universe Online and Free Realms are from Sony and they're already out...
rdgneoz3 + 612d ago
And Dust 514 is in beta and coming out in a bit.
DC, Free Realms, and Dust 514 don't have subscriptions. The part about paying for weapons or features, most free to play games make money by having you pay for something. Whether its unlocking stuff early or giving you a boost leveling up.
If they're not making you pay a subscription, the cash shop is the only way they're gonna make money.
WeskerChildReborned + 612d ago
Dust 514 and DC Universe.
Farsendor1 + 611d ago
game developers and publishers do make money from f2p games.
Dojan123 + 611d ago
Disagree about the profit part - Value is making a killing off TF2. People can make money with F2P if they have the right following
mike1up + 612d ago
Running all the way to the bank.
GaryOak + 612d ago
Will Wright is wrong.
Moby-Royale + 612d ago
In the immortal words of Doctor House:
Ah snap.
CarlosX360 + 611d ago
Yeap. He's wrong.
Psycho_PS3Truthh + 612d ago
The only company I know who is not scared of anything is sony, they are the only ones who act civilize in the gaming community to allow new fresh IP to hit the market place.
The PS3 as the largest library in current generation gaming history with the most attractive games to the eye and mind. Sony buying gaikai is basically sony saying I am tired of microsoft not doing anything civilize and now its time for the PS4 to be the only gaming system mankind will ever need for eternity amen.
#6 (Edited 612d ago ) | Agree(20) | Disagree(34) | Report | Reply
Septic + 612d ago
Lol what on Earth are you on about? I'm sorry but you haven't got a clue about what you're spewing.
KwietStorm + 612d ago
Moby-Royale + 612d ago
You've made this Christian quite uncomfortable.
I'm all for playstation and all, but that's a tad much. Wouldn't you agree?
Smh lol. ;)
Pekolie + 611d ago
It's all about teh civillize right brah?
shadow2797 + 611d ago
Great. This troll migrated from IGN. Lucky us...
maniacmayhem + 611d ago
The fact he has 15 agrees says a lot about this site.
_Aarix_ + 611d ago
Preach it brother...like the westboro baptist church does -_-
#6.7 (Edited 611d ago ) | Agree(4) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
taquito + 612d ago
yeah......ms and sony aren't scared at all, look at those nice new consoles they just put out, ohhhh....wait....freaking xbox360 is going into its 8th year on the market, its a relic!!
ps3 same boat
720p or less, are you kidding me, 720p has been around on console since the original xbox which had quite a few games in 1280x720, and now, most big titles aren't even 720p, i just rented ghost recon fs for my ps3, (straight-forward pixel-count reveals that they both appear to run at the same 1024x600 resolution. Without fail, we get 30 edges from 36 pixels on the vertical axis, and 34 edges from 40 on the horizontal, leaving us with a noticeably sub-HD base resolution on each console. ) 1024x600!!!!!
lol...just like every call of duty game on consoles
it literally looks worse than ghost recon advance warfighter from 2006
the jaggies are unbearable,the framerate is awful, the screen tearing is distracting
sure it might have a few more objects on screen, but it looks bloddy awful
ms and sony are terrified to the point that they have delayed and delayed and delayed releasing new hardware much to the disatisfaction of developers
but people on here seem to lap it up
they want to game on ps3/360 until 2015
its sickening honestly
look at the stagnation in the industry
ohhh another gears of war game, halo 4, call of duty 10, ff16, assaassins creed 22
and nearly everyone of these games boils down to a map pack with a small single player expansion that should be a fraction of the price, they use the same engine, the same audio, the same locations some of the time for petes sake
free to play games like blacklight maxed out in 1080p dx11 look a full generation beyond anything on console, tribes ascend makes halo 4 look last gen and they are FREE
100% free
I play both and have probably 40 hours between the two, never spent a cent, I will most likely buy a $10 card for each from 7-11 at some point just to give the devs some cash for their hard work, but honesly the quality in f2p games now crushes anything on console, and with dedicated servers, the multiplayer is hands down above and beyond anything currently available on ps3/360
sad but true
#7 (Edited 612d ago ) | Agree(8) | Disagree(35) | Report | Reply
MySwordIsHeavenly + 612d ago
You need the healing power of shrim...
-Gespenst- + 611d ago
First T&E fans I think I've noticed on N4G.
Hicken + 612d ago
All of that typing, and none of it had any meaning.
taquito + 611d ago
lemme summarize
PC has free to play games
that make 7 year old console games look last gen
because ms and sony should have released new consoles 2 years ago
BitbyDeath + 611d ago
@taquito, i'd agree with you if consoles did not have some great games still coming.
The overall quality of both Halo 4 and The Last of Us show consoles are not in desperate need of a new version yet. (As much as i want them as well)
glennco + 611d ago
@BitbyDeath - you havent even played them yet. they will play like current games. now if they were next-gen you would actually see a real difference, not just being fooled by marketing hype
BitbyDeath + 611d ago
@glennco, i guess it depends on what you are looking for then.
Obviously these won't be VR or anything but i'm still fine with using a controller.
Moby-Royale + 612d ago
sly-Famous + 612d ago
omarzy + 612d ago
Cloud gaming/F2P android games will not destroy the competition, but they WILL make an impact on the current and traditional gaming industry. "impact" ranges on all levels so we must wait to see which level it lands on, but to deny that this is a jab in the sides of Nintendo,Sony, and microsoft is just being in denial. Look at the ouya, it will just be another console, it will steal sales like any console does, but Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft are just too big in gaming to be forced out due to financial problems given to them by OUYA or the like. I think running scared as the title says is a bit too much, but no doubt they will be looking over their shoulder in the next few years.
isarai + 612d ago
Um, Ps3 already has a few free to play games though.
Dust 514
DC Universe online
Free Realms
taquito + 612d ago
one of those isnt out yet, and it looks like a iphone game running at 20 frames per second, no one would pay for something that looks like this;
(make sure to watch in full screen so you get a feel for the awfulness)
one of them was $65 at launch and $15 a month but was a major FLOP, and then went free to play and the other two
suck, but props to sony for trying to get it going, and if any console maker will get it right, it will be sony next gen, hopefully
#10.1 (Edited 612d ago ) | Agree(6) | Disagree(23) | Report | Reply
isarai + 612d ago
but you just said, it isn't even out yet, so how about you wait till it's done till you start judging shit. and have you played it? because no matter how bad it "looks" to you it's fun as hell to me, and shouldn't that be what makes a game great?
MySwordIsHeavenly + 612d ago
You see that "1080p" option on YouTube?
You should hit that.
x800 + 612d ago
lol that game really has terrible graphics and it really looks like an iphone game ^^
CouldHaveYelledUiiW + 612d ago
Not sure about the F2P stuff...
But the guy made some good points. It was a good read. I had forgotten about the affects that PUBLISHERS have on game developer studios.
It's kind of like Producers in the Movie/ TV world. They might make you change everything.
scissor_runner + 612d ago
You win the Internet sir. This is about publisher being yelled at by investors for not making android games lol. F2p has been around for a while. Some where share based, partial pay, arcade... Demos, add based or in game purchased even pack ins are a form of f2p.
The whole point is getting people ready to play rather than hype or collect a product. The play and beat then trade in idea would kill this. You need seriOus replay value.
Imagine a movie being f2p and you see why this may actually hurt story based gaming with lacking writers.
CouldHaveYelledUiiW + 612d ago
I don't know much about F2P to make a Strong comment, I thank you for sharing yours (I will keep it in mind).
So, is F2P one of those things that can be profitable for a company but over-all damaging for the industry?
+ I never said that the PUBLISHERS were always right, neither did he, but that is the nature of the Beast.
+ I never said that Investors were always right- neither did he, but...
Does it have to change? Yes. There should be more options. But the constant push toward expensive technology will make this permanent.
I have seen many gaming companies that have created games only to have trouble finding a Publisher.
It stinks.
So, why do I win the Inter-Webs? I don't know but if they are mine I propose a fee! Gib your moneys or leave. So, Sayeth Couldhaveyelleduiiw- LORD of the InerWebs!
YoungKingDoran + 612d ago
Will Wrong
StayStatic + 611d ago
Deadpool616 + 612d ago
I don't believe there's any room for Elitists in gaming. I very much believe the core of gaming is all about having fun and enjoying yourself. Doesn't matter what you're playing your game on, just as long as the game is a good experience is what counts.
#13 (Edited 612d ago ) | Agree(8) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
glennco + 611d ago
elitests are everywhere. get used to it. this is why apple is now the biggest company in the world.
Deadpool616 + 611d ago
There are Leaders and Elitist. I prefer a Leader over a Elitist.
Run_bare + 612d ago
Haha.. interesting read, but I have to disagree.
SpecialK + 612d ago
I am interested to see how the free to play model will work. DUST looks very interesting and whilst I may not have tried it out if i had to pay £20 for it, I will definitely give it ago at the free price point.
And then if i enjoy it and the paid for parts add to the experience, I'll probably go for it, it would still be cheaper than paying £40 upfront for a game.
Personally i think it could be good for the industry. The amount of games that looked interesting and different that i avoided because I didnt want to risk £40 on it is mind boggling.
if they were brought out in cheaper or free versions with limited content then I may have gone for more of them, enjoyed them, and then decided to spend more on the game which is what these companies want.
A shake up like this could be really good.
swice + 611d ago
This is why they should be scared. I personally believe this is the stepping stone for what's to come
Patiently waiting for mine
SuperStrokey1123 + 611d ago
No... its not. This will have no effect and I would be shocked if it even ever got made.
swice + 611d ago
We'll see
Getowned + 611d ago
Will Wrong.
Prince_Dim-Lu + 611d ago
Running scared...
How many copies of COD sold on Consoles? How many on PC?
How many copies of BF sold on Console? How many on PC? (even though bf is way better on pc and is the way it should play on next gen consoles)
How many copies of Gears sold on Consoles compared to Computer?
Yes, running very scared.
ExCest + 611d ago
1st two arguments are slightly iffy.
The third argument. Now that's dumb. We haven't had a Gears since the first one and that required GFWL which sucks.
As for COD, COD for PC sucks because IW and Activision dropped the ball on that community. Period.
Roccetarius + 611d ago
Console guys aren't running scared, they're getting stronger than ever. PC / console systems will always be the optimal gaming experience, nothing handheld can replace that.
The only messed up thing is the future of the consoles. If they truly are heading for a cloud / streaming service sooner rather than later, then i won't be supporting it.
JoeSchmoh + 611d ago
So which is it? Handhelds aren't worth buying? Yet, you have people like this dude saying consoles are dying and handheld devices are taking over. I just saw a video of a psvita running Left4Dead the other day. It's only time until people GET THE BIG PICTURE and really see.
PixL + 611d ago
What you get for free is always low quality. I don't want low quality games, so I'll stay away from F2P.
ExCest + 611d ago
*Most are low quality.
TF2 says hello thar good sire.
PixL + 611d ago
Ok, you're right, most. But TF2 wasn't free from the start. It was sold in boxes at the beginning.
2pacalypsenow + 611d ago
Make a better sims game where you dont have to buy an expansion pack for decent house decorations.
OooHJohnny + 611d ago
I'm so scared... I'm going to cry like a little girl... or not.
belac09 + 611d ago
what a stupid article.
smashcrashbash + 611d ago
That is fascinating. Can I go play my console in peace now please? I am a little sick and tired of these idiots trying to force Sony and Microsoft's hand at making new consoles so we can end up in another generation of broken, unfinished consoles. Let's get something straight and I hope companies are listening. If any of you rush out any consoles and short change me any features, have a 40 to 50 percent fail rate or some pointless gimmick that is undeveloped and hardly ever used properly, I, the consumer, will not be buying it. I couldn't care less how much the developers are breathing down your neck.If you hand me $hit with the excuse that you will fix it later, I will not be buying it EVER no matter how much you tweak and adjust it.
Take your time and I will play my PS3 until you are finished. Sony has more then enough developers to make games for them in the mean time even if any third party decides to leave until they make a next gen system. Rush and half @$$ it and I won't buy. May be the sheep still will but I and I hope the rest of us won't. I am getting tired of being the guinea pig for incompetence.
jetlian + 611d ago
you must not have owned any console then. both ps1/2 were faulty hell even ps3. I remember putting ps1 sideways
even the old nes was a mess. gaming like all hardware has issues and this gen has been going on long enough. I only got like 5 games this year. some of it is being broke paying for vacation but some of it is Im tired seeing 90 percent the same games.
I need that gpx fix. Hell physic could add to the atmosphere of games.
ShaunCameron + 609d ago
The only consoles that had a next to zero failure rate were the 16-bit era ones. The Super Nintendo and Genesis. They sure were durable.
BitbyDeath + 611d ago
Just get PS+ and you'll have a ton of free to play games.
ExCest + 611d ago
Those aren't F2P but sure, they're free in a sense.
kevnb + 611d ago
i think microsoft is letting things slip right out of their hands with their stupidity.
Elvis + 611d ago
That man has a scary look D:
gumgum99 + 611d ago
He reminds me of Elliot Carver
Related image(s)
GrilledCheeseBook + 611d ago
In the article he is not saying that consoles are doomed such as the comments hear seem to suggest. He does not sat that pcs are supreme either.
The quote itself is minute and of course taken out of context to get more viewers.
In the article he is interviewed on the growing number of platforms there are to access games beyond consoles which he himself says he is taking a multi-platform approach rather than favoring one. There are now, along with consoles and pcs, mobile, browser, and cloud gaming which experiment with free to play games as well as traditional buy to play games. This segments the attention from publishers, making consoles no longer the absolute attention for videogame makers.
This is not him saying console makers are on the ropes as they are in some insurmountable downward spiral. He is saying they are most likely scrambling to adapt newer business models to their consoles as so they are not left behind in newer revenue streams.
"Q: Gamers are everywhere, so the games need to be everywhere, too.
Will Wright: Exactly."
The question his answers raise is not whether Microsoft, Sony, or Nintendo die under the weight of competition for gamers attentions, but whether they are able to gain a foothold in the newer markets as opposed to newer upstarts.
Nowhere in hear is he saying consoles are dieing. Seeing as how exaggerated the response has been to this interview, commenting before reading the article still seems to be a problem on this site.
On free to play games, there are plenty of examples of free to play games that are successful. League of Legends has a huge community. DOTA 2 and Team Fortress 2, both free to play and one being in beta, are generally always the top two most played games on Steam. Blacklight Retribution isn't bad and has a strong following. In MMOs besides WoW, free to play seems to be the way to go. I wouldn't be surprised to see SWToR go free to play in the next couple of years. Tribes Ascend has a strong following. Planetside 2 will most likely have a strong following. Free to play is viable and apparently growing in my opinion.
#29 (Edited 611d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
feeler103 + 611d ago
Technically all pc games are free to play :)
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