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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6923 | Climate “Science” on Trial; The Forensic Files: Exhibit A
Exhibit A: Al Gore’s Ice Core CO2 Temperature Chart
Ironically, some of the most damning evidence again the AGW or Anthropogenic Global Warming Theory comes from Al Gore himself.
Talking Points:
1. Climate change is the norm. Never in the 800,000-year ice core record is climate not changing.
2. Four Temperature Peaks in the last 400,000 years were all above today’s temperatures and occurred at lower CO2 levels.
3. Every glaciation began when CO2 was at or near peak levels, in other words, high CO2 levels were not enough to prevent a glaciation.
4. The current record high level of 400 parts per million(ppm) CO2, a full 33% above any previous level on the chart, has failed to carry temperatures to a record high.
5. For any cause and effect relationship, the cause MUST lead the effect. CO2 does not lead Temperature, it follows it by 800 to 1,500 years. This video does an exhaustive review of the research. The AGW Theory is similar to claiming that lung cancer causes smoking. (Must Watch Video Clip)
6. There is no mechanism defined that explains how or why CO2 would lead temperatures to pull the globe out of an ice age.
7. There is no mechanism defined to explain how or why high levels of CO2 would trigger an ice age.
8. The only defined mechanism by which CO2 can cause climate change is by trapping outgoing long-wave infrared (LWIR) radiation between the wavelengths of 13 and 18 microns. CO2 can only result in warming, there is no mechanism by which it can result in cooling. CO2 can only trap outgoing radiation, that is it.
9. In the documentary “An Inconvenient Truth” Al Gore discusses how his classmate challenged the “consensus” of the continents never having been joined. The teacher mocked Al’s friend for challenging the “consensus.” The arrogant and close-minded teacher spouting the “consensus” view was wrong. Today, Al Gore and his fellow climate alarmists are acting like the closed-minded and very wrong Teacher. Albert Einstein, Christopher Columbus, Michelangelo, and Galileo aren’t remembered for agreeing with the “consensus,” they are remembered for shattering the “consensus.”
10. Because the data collected are “proxies” they represent smoothed averages, so the actual true peak temperature or CO2 levels aren’t actually known. Every data point in the Ice Core data represents a time span that can exceed 1,000 years or more. In data lingo, we would say that this data isn’t very “granular,” and doesn’t provide a lot of specific details. It is extremely possible, in fact highly likely that the actual peak temperatures exceeded the level represented in the chart.
11. The error bars are not included on the chart so it is impossible to true understanding of just how accurate/reliable those numbers are.
12. Along with this chart, Al Gore presented many more questionable findings in his documentary “An Inconvenient Truth.”
13. No other climate variables are presented on the chart. There may be far more explanatory variables that are excluded, such as the amount of radiation reaching the earth’s surface, cloud cover, cosmic rays, average humidity, particulate matter in the atmosphere, orbit of the earth, tilt of the earth, “wobble” around the axis of the earth, location of the earth is the galactic orbit, etc etc. In other words, Al Gore and the climate alarmists only provide you with enough evidence to reach the conclusion they want you to reach. For instance, I could show you a chart of the government debt and global temperatures and they both fit together pretty well. As the debt increased, so did temperatures, but that chart is pretty meaningless, and represents nothing more than a coincidence. In other words, correlation does not prove causation.
14. The honesty and integrity of Al Gore and his “friend Lonnie Thompson” are questionable.
15. Climate has been extremely variable for the past 800,000, and none of the volatility was due to anthropocentric CO2 prior to 150 years ago. Natural causes clearly dominate the variation in climate, most of which are poorly understood.
16. The data in the chart combines proxy ice core data for the historical record, and instrumental data for near-term up to the current. Those data sets appear to have different volatility characteristics, and is most likely due to the instrumental data being more “granular.” The problem is that this data set isn’t consistent, and is some ways is a combination of apples and oranges. The temperature from the ice core is taken from one location, whereas thermometer data is taken around the globe.
17. Here is another chart that shows more information than Al Gore’s. From this chart one can see the problems with ice core data. The farther back in time one goes, the dust data seems to dilute, unless for some reason dust concentrations were different during past ice ages. We are also near a record low, which would imply that more visible/warming radiation is reaching the earth. From this chart, it is more logical to conclude that less particulate matter is what is causing the warming than CO2. Maybe that is why Al Gore fails to present the data.
18. This chart demonstrates the variability of the Holocene in greater detail.
19. This chart highlights how dust, particulate matter, and solar output are extremely important to global temperatures.
Sea Levels Debunk the AGW Theory
The theory goes that man is causing CO2 to increase at an increasing rate, causing temperatures to increase at an increasing rate, which caused land-based glaciers to melt at an increasing rate, which should cause sea levels to increase at an increasing rate. Everything is a second derivative argument. Because of this direct relation between temperatures and sea level rate of increase I’ve always maintained that the fact that sea levels weren’t increasing at an increasing rate, this fact provided a “Smoking Gun” debunking the AGW theory.
More research has just been published reinforcing this debunking and demonstrating that sea levels are not related to atmospheric CO2, and are not increasing at an increasing rate. In fact, they are quite stable.
A new paper by renowned Swedish sea level expert Prof. Axel Mörmer published in the International Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences dumps lots of cold water on the premise that today’s sea level rise is caused by man and is unusual.
Mörner’s paper looks back at the last 500 years of sea level rise and shows that natural variables are the major drivers, and not man-made CO2-driven global warming.
The Swedish scientist summarizes in the paper’s abstract that there is a total absence of data supporting the notion of a present sea level rise; on the contrary, all available facts indicate present sea level stability.
The paper also states that the recorded sea level changes are anti-correlated with the major changes in climate during the last 600 years. Therefore, Mörner concludes that glacial eustasy cannot be the driving force.
Read more: Renowned Sea Level Expert: “NO TRACES OF A PRESENT RISE IN SEA LEVEL; On The Contrary: Full Stability”
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Common Sense Arguments Against Man-Made Global Warming
IsraelDr. Nir Shaviv on Cambridge Debate: ‘I was quite shocked to see how the audience was so one-sided (though far less than the ridiculous 97:3 ratio we hear about!) and unwilling to listen to scientific arguments.’
Like Freeman Dyson, Dr. Shaviv’s provides validation for many of the arguments made in previous CO2isLife posts. The links in the following list highlight past CO2isLife posts. These arguments provide more evidence that when disinterested people with the educational background to understand these issues evaluate the science and data they reach the same conclusion, and that conclusion isn’t that CO2 is causing the warming.
Dr. Shaviv’s Key scientific points:
1. ‘Evidence for warming is not evidence for warming by humans.’
2. ‘Anyone who appeals to authority or to a majority [97% claims] to substantiate his or her claim is proving nothing.’
3. ‘The polar bear population is now probably at its highest in modern times!’
4. ‘There is no single piece of evidence that proves that a given amount of CO2 increase should cause a large increase in temperature.’
5. ‘Over geological time scales, there were huge variations in the CO2 (a factor of 10) and they have no correlation whatsoever with the temperature.
6. 450 million years ago there was 10 times as much CO2 in the atmosphere but more extensive glaciations.’
7. ‘The simple truth is that in the height of the middle ages it was probably just as warm as the latter half of the 20th century’
8. ‘Taking unnecessary precautionary steps when we know they are unnecessary is immoral. It is even committing statistical murder.’
9. ‘Let us use our limited resources to treat real problems.’
Read More: Israeli Astrophysicist rejects UN IPCC
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Freeman Dyson Validates CO2isLife
I Told You So
Reading Freeman Dyson’s HERETICAL THOUGHTS ABOUT SCIENCE AND SOCIETY I was pleasantly surprised at how many of the flaws in the AGW theory I’ve written about in this blog he also identifies. He also highlights how his critics claim that he has “no degree in meteorology and…therefore not qualified to speak,” to which he states “I have studied the climate models and I know what they can do.” That is almost the exact statement I’ve made countless time in my blog posts, “While I don’t have a background in climatology (whatever that is), I do have a background that includes multivariable modeling, properly applying the scientific method, advanced statistics and mathematics, quantum physics and chemistry both inorganic and organic. I view not being a climate “scientist” as a benefit, more than a hindrance, because I don’t have a dog in this fight, I’m only interested in the truth.”
Why this is important is because both Freeman Dyson and I looked at Climate Change from the perspective of an unbiased, disinterested observer that is trained in physics and mathematics, not political propaganda. We are simply attempting to discover the scientific truth. Because we both are familiar with physics and modeling we both focused on the characteristics of the variables, quality of the data, the significance of the factors, and the explanatory power of the model. Many of my posts focused on examining those issues, and I made statements and conclusions based on my own understanding of the variables and physics. I based those posts on a common sense application of the science, all of which were independently reached, and not based upon any conclusion of “peer-reviewed” research. The selection of those issues was based on my estimate of the importance of those variables in a climate model. I wanted to identify the issues that offered the most bang for the buck in either supporting or debunking the AGW theory.
A single paragraph in Freeman Dyson’s article reads like an Index of CO2isLife posts and clearly demonstrates that when two totally independent people with adequate knowledge to understand the issues looks at the AGW theory and climate models, they both reach the same conclusions. The following is the paragraph mentioned above, with links to the CO2isLife blog posts. It is important to note that all those blog posts were written well before the Freeman Dyson article.
The one issue Freeman Dyson did not address is the fact that the oceans are warming. The oceans are by far the major driver of the global climate. They are the earth’s thermostat, holding over 2,000x the energy of the atmosphere. What is warming the oceans is also warming the atmosphere. CO2’s only defined mechanism by which to affect climate change is to absorb and thermalize IR radiation between 13 and 18µ. Those wavelengths don’t penetrate or warm water. To understand what is warming the atmosphere you have to understand what is warming the oceans…and it ain’t CO2 and IR between 13 and 18µ.
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Hippos in the Desert; Climate Change is Natural, and Nothing New
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At one time, in the past 6,000 years, the Sahara Desert was teaming with life, even Hippos.
4. The Wet Sahara
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Freeman Dyson on ‘heretical’ thoughts about global warmimg
Freeman Dyson
By Freeman Dyson
Read More: Freeman Dyson on ‘heretical’ thoughts about global warming
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There’s a Huge Plume of Magma Bulging Against Antarctica
The first rule of modeling is to identify the most significant and obvious factors first. Only in the field of climate “science” would researchers overlook the fact that Antarctica is sitting on one very huge and very hot magma plume and the fact that the glacier is melting from beneath, and reach the conclusion that Antarctica is melting from above due to CO2 and atmospheric warming. Ignoring the fact that Antarctica has sub-zero temperatures year round, and there has been no warming in Antarctica for over 50 years, the experts insist on blaming CO2. Why? Because there is no money in blaming natural causes. It is that simple.
Imagine drifting over Antarctica’s icy expanse. A white continent extends below you, and it’s smothered in enough frozen water to drown every coastline in the world in a 216-foot (66 meters) wave if it were to melt. But scientists now believe that, deep beneath almost 1.2 miles (2 kilometers) of ice and a relatively thin slice of rocky crust, one region of the frozen continent hides a column of red-hot magma, straining toward the surface, according to a new study…All that magma pushes against the crust in those parts of the world, causing it to bulge and pumping heat up through the ground.
That heat offered scientists the first clues that the Antarctic plume exists…
Despite its apparent icy stillness, Antarctica is alive with motion. Huge masses of frozen water slip, slide and grind with enormous pressure against the continent below, their constant motion lubricated by a complex system of rivers and lakes below the ice.
But in Marie Byrd Land, researchers found even more of that activity than the known regional heat sources could explain. Something else was cooking the ice shelf. About 30 years ago, researchers first began to suspect that a magma plume might be the cause, given the domed shape of the crust in that area.
Now, scientists know for sure.
Read More: There’s a Huge Plume of Magma Bulging Against Antarctica
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6927 | How to store bitcoins safely
Includes guides to setting up Trezor, Ledger Nano S, and a 100% offline paper wallet at the end of the article.
Cryptocurrencies offer the possibility to control and store one’s own money. However, this freedom comes with a responsibility. It is the owner’s duty to ensure that the funds are stored safely.
Some safe ways of storing cryptocurrency are discussed in this post. But first let’s take a look at some attributes of cryptocurrencies to better understand why safety is important.
Cryptocurrencies are based on two keys: a public key and a private key that’s linked to the public key. The public key is used to receive funds, and the private key is needed to move the funds. A private key is like a password for the funds in your address. If someone gains access to your private key, that person also has access to the funds. This is why private keys must be kept safe.
Cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible as well as difficult to trace identity-wise, so if someone dishonest has access to your coins and decides to steal them, there is almost no chance of you getting them back. This is another reason why one must keep their funds safe.
This post will go through 3 solutions for storing bitcoin / other cryptocurrency: hardware wallets, paper wallets, or keeping the funds in an exchange. In addition, there is a step-by-step guide to creating 100% offline paper wallets located below the paper wallet section.
Hardware wallets
Trezor and Ledger Nano S are the most popular hardware wallets for storing your funds and private keys locally. They are small devices that are used by plugging them into a USB-port of a computer.
Within the cryptocurrency community, these devices enjoy a reputation of being very safe and trustworthy option for storing large amounts of funds and making transactions.
Both Trezor and Ledger Nano S can be restored with a backup phrase, which guarantees safety for your funds if the device is lost or broken.
These beautiful pieces of technology are very safe, as your private key never leaves the device. Trezor and Ledger Nano S are therefore safe to use (although not recommended) even on a malware-infected computer. The only way to “hack” these devices would be with the illegitimate use of the backup phrase.
First thing upon receiving the device is to reset it before the first use just to make sure the device is 100% safe.
-Secure while being easy to set up
-Can be restored with backup phrase
-Safety level is not reduced by making transactions (compared to paper wallets, which should be discarded after one transaction for maximum safety)
Ledger Nano S is one of the most popular hardware wallets.
Paper Wallet
A paper wallet is among the safest possible options for storing bitcoin, as long as it is generated in the correct way.
A paper wallet is a simple wallet: it is a piece of paper that contains the public bitcoin address and the private key to that address. Paper wallets are safe because they are not connected to the internet, and therefore outside the reach of potential hackers.
Although a paper wallet is safe from hackers, it is susceptible to other threats, such as theft or physical degradation. The owner of a paper wallet must store the paper in a safe place, and protect it from physical wear. It might be a good idea to laminate the wallet to give it additional protection from water, ripping, and so on.
You should have at least 2 copies of your paper wallet and store them in different safe locations so that you have some backup in the case of an unfortunate incident.
Paper wallets should be discarded after a single use, because when a transaction is made, the private key is exposed to an online service. This is why paper wallets are not the most convenient for frequent transactions.
Paper wallets can be BIP-38 encrypted with a password for additional safety. If the password-protected paper wallet is compromised, the dishonest party cannot access the funds without knowing the password. Note that you must not lose or forget the password either, or the funds are locked beyond your reach.
-Price (almost nothing)
-Very safe because offline
-Very good for storing large amount of BTC for a long time
-The setup process might seem challenging
-Not the most agile for quick / frequent transactions
-You must take very good care of the physical paper wallet
-For optimal safety, can be used only once
Storing cryptocurrencies in an exchange
By storing cryptocurrency in an exchange you forfeit the control of your safety to the hands of the exchange’s security system. This can be a good or a bad thing depending on how you look at it.
Exchanges can be juicy targets to malevolent attacks, for example the bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox had a huge amount of BTC stolen via a security breach. On the other hand, exchanges are likely to hire the best security experts to ensure safety for their own business and customers, since without security they would not have any customers, nor would there be any business.
It is convenient to have funds ready at an exchange in case a quick desire to make a trade arises. But having your funds at someone else’s management poses a risk, no matter how slight.
It is not recommended to keep large sums in an exchange for a long period of time.
-Funds are always ready to be traded
-There is high incentive for exchanges to maximize security
-You don’t control the private keys of your funds
-There is high incentive for hackers to attempt breaching the security
Storing in Coinmotion
Most of Coinmotion’s funds are in a multisignature cold storage, outside of online hackers reach.
For customers who desire additional security we offer the Vault service. In the Vault, the funds of the customer are behind a time lock. When someone is trying to move the funds, they will not be available until a certain time period has passed. The length of this period is up to the customer to decide.
Coinmotion has recently tenfolded its referral rewards. From now on you’ll get 50% of all trading fees generated by customers you’ve invited. Anyone registering through your referral link will be able to buy and sell cryptocurrencies with a 50% reduced fee for the first month.
Coinmotion’s security is one the best in the world.
Setting up Trezor
1. Plug Trezor into your computer and open Google Chrome
2. The device will tell you to visit -> go there
3. Install Trezor Chrome extension on Google Chrome
4. Install firmware from the site and confirm that the firmware fingerprint is the same in the site and the device
5. Unplug and reconnect the device once the update is done
6. Name your Trezor
7. Choose your PIN. Note that the website shows a blank 3×3 grid, but the Trezor screen shows you where each number on the grid is. Notice that when re-entering the PIN, the order of the numbers in Trezor has changed. Enter the same PIN nevertheless.
8. Write down the recovery phrase. Make 2 copies. Store them safely.
In the Trezor app you can see how much BTC you have, as well as send and receive BTC. Trezor also has support for many other coins as default.
It’s useful to notice that you can receive BTC offline. Only “send”-transactions require connecting to the computer and using the app. When sending BTC, you have to confirm the transaction with your device. This confirmation will sign the transaction on the device and your private key will not leave your device. You can save a certain address as recipient for easy future transactions to the same address.
Trezor can be plugged to any computer that has usb-input.
Setting up Ledger Nano S
1. Plug Legder Nano S into your computer
2. Choose a PIN
3. Write down the recovery phrase. Make 2 copies. Store them safely.
4. Open Google Chrome and go to and download “Ledger Wallet Bitcoin & Altcoins” for your operating system (Mac, Windows, or Linux)
5. Launch the app and you are ready to go!
In the Ledger Wallet app you can see how much BTC you have, as well as send and receive BTC. You can add other coins to your wallet by downloading “Ledger Manager” from Now open the app, connect the device, and download support for any coin you want.
Setting up a paper wallet 100% offline
Paper wallets should be generated offline for maximum security. For this process you need the following items:
1. A computer that is rarely online and free from malware
2. A printer that is not connected to the internet
Now that you have the items ready, let’s begin a step-by-step process of creation.
1. With your computer that is mostly offline, go to
2. Save the site to your computer
3. Unplug from the internet
4. Open the file and generate an address
5. Ensure that your printer is offline and print the address
6. Delete all the files you downloaded for the process
The whole process has now taken place offline, so the new precious private key has the best possible safety.
A paper wallet includes public and private key so keep it safe and private. Example of a paper wallet created at
Writer Pessi Peura |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6945 | Header Only - DO NOT REMOVE - Extreme Networks
How to submit batch commands for VDX platform.
• 16 February 2018
• 0 replies
How does one submit a batch command for VDX switches?
I have a scenario where I have to convert an LACP port channel from access only to hybrid (tagged with native vlan). To do so will disconnect my access.
Is there a way to batch command this so that the commands run even if I get disconnected?
0 replies
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6947 | New water cylinder leaking
Discussion in 'Plumbers' Talk' started by Scottank, Dec 26, 2019.
1. Scottank
Scottank New Member
Thanks! In that case, is there any downside to going manual?
2. rogerk101
rogerk101 Well-Known Member
That depends on how likely you are to remember to bleed manually. The auto-bleed is working all day every day. How often were you planning to do it?
3. Scottank
Scottank New Member
Thanks. Probably not that often to be honest. Better with an auto vent, then?
4. Hans_25
Hans_25 Well-Known Member
More to go wrong with an auto vent...manual vent is used a couple of times to bleed the system then largely left alone. Takes 5 seconds to undo/redo and see if there's any air trapped. Manual all the way for me.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6952 | Moving faster with PHP at Facebook
Facebook takes pride in its “move fast” culture, and both PHP and HHVM (HipHop Virtual Machine for PHP) are fundamentally tied to its success. As the Facebook product has evolved, so has it’s underlying web language, with several Facebook specific language and runtime extensions helping it scale in both developer efficiency and execution efficiency. We explore this evolution, and deep dive on our latest language goodness.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6953 | Presentation Files
Ok, now your app is viral and has a bazillion users. It's so engaging, they spend hours using it almost every day. Just one last thing: it's Time to Get Paid. SHOW ME THE MONEY!
If someone wants to live "silo-free" and use / support distributed social networking technology, where do they start? DiSo is a distributed social network project founded by Steve Ivy and Chris Messina, built on top of WordPress. DiSo uses already-existing blog software building blocks, along with technologies like XMPP and XFN for handling friend lists and message delivery.
Get a technical overview of Google's new OpenSocial platform, and see how it's being used to develop cross-platform social applications for MySpace, Hi5, Friendster, Ning, and other popular social networks running OpenSocial containers. Learn how to build an OpenSocial app that can be accessed by over 200 million users on the Web.
What are the critical and necessary components of a highly successful social application? Come learn the elements of style for building apps and widgets on today's social platforms.
Social networks are taking over the Web and changing how we interact with other people and businesses. See where social networks are headed in the future, and how business and technology is adapting.
Presentation: Welcome Presentation [PPT]
Welcome to the premier conference on social networks and social platforms. Learn about the latest marketing & technical innovations happening in social networking from Google, MySpace, Facebook, Yahoo, and many more.
MyBlogLog powers the friendly little faces you see on many blog sidebars. But behind the cool little widget there's a lot more going on; MBL enables users to store identity pointers to over 30 different social networking services. With the new MyBlogLog API, developers can now build lots of cool mashups, some of which Ian will demo & explain why Yahoo is so excited about them.
Find out how to market your business on Facebook using a variety of tools and techniques, and see case studies of other businesses currently using Facebook as a core marketing channel for customer acquisition.
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• Yahoo! Inc.
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• CollegeNET
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• Google
• introNetworks
• RockYou
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6955 | Type to search
The Poverty Created by Free Market Fundamentalism is Increasing the Number of Slaves Around the World
By Ian Wilkinson
Mention slavery to most people today, they would probably think you were talking about the 16th to 19th Centuries’ transatlantic slave trade, and be horrified to learn that slavery (for example, bonded labour debt slavery in the Indian subcontinent and Brazil) is a huge and growing global problem involving tens of millions of people. That is why the world’s oldest international human rights group, Britain’s Anti-Slavery International, involved in the campaign to stamp out the transatlantic slave trade under their original name, the Anti-Slavery Society, have to continue their largely under the media radar campaigning and educational work. This attracts little attention in a world in which Western media and news agencies shape the global news agenda, because today’s slaves are overwhelmingly found in poor countries outside the West, not in the US as they were in the days of the transatlantic slave trade. Most people would also be horrified to learn that, according to a division of the UN, the US State Department, the BBC, and other major Western media, three governments and elements of a fourth continue to back the slave trade, which is why two of them jail anti-slavery activists, as I will explain. There are in fact far more slaves today than the total number of victims of the transatlantic slave trade, partly because the modern world’s population is so much bigger. This BBC News article quotes the UN’s 20 million estimate for the total number of slaves in the world today: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4042207.stm The “Encyclopaedia Britannica” webpage estimates that 7 to 10 million African slaves were shipped to North and South America: http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Even the number of child slaves today may exceed the number of African slaves who were shipped to the Americas. Al-Jazeera states, “There are at least 8.4 million child slaves in the world today”: http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/slaverya21stcenturyevil/2011/10/20111010152040468529.html The total number of slaves in the world has in fact never been so high. “Time” magazine explained in its January 18, 2010 article, “South Africa’s New Slave Trade and the Campaign to Stop It”: “Despite more than a dozen international conventions banning slavery in the past 150 years, there are more slaves today than at any point in human history.” Because of “poverty and the global demand for sources of cheap, expendable labour”, slavery is a growing problem worldwide, according to the below Anti-Slavery International webpage: http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour.aspx Even an adviser to the free market fundamentalist IMF admits that inequality, and thus poverty, is rising worldwide, as does the OECD, which also points out that inequality is growing faster in Britain than in any other wealthy country: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/davos/8283310/Davos-WEF-2011-Wealth-inequality-is-the-most-serious-challenge-for-the-world.html# http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2011/12/rising-inequality So the global growth of slavery is no surprise. Inequality, and thus poverty, is not just fuelling the slave trade. The IMF adviser cited blames it for the 1929 and 2007 economic crises. The IMF has spent decades forcing most of the world’s indebted countries to increase inequality so tax revenues can be diverted from helping poorer people to paying off debts to banks, and now admit that inequality is a drag on economic growth, that “equality appears to be an important ingredient in promoting and sustaining growth”: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2011/09/berg.htm The February 19, 2009 CNN article, “Modern-day slavery on the rise”, also reveals that slavery is a growing problem worldwide: “The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) surveyed more than 155 countries for its report on modern-day slavery, and says that the numbers are rising because many governments are not fighting the problem.” A second Al-Jazeera article, which is about slavery in Brazil, also highlights the link between poverty and slavery: http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/slaverya21stcenturyevil/2011/10/20111010114656316634.html Britain’s Anti-Slavery Society also say that slavery is growing worldwide, and cite the opinion of the Duke of Gloucester, who made a lot of money out of slavery (they were the main shareholders in the Royal African Company, which monopolised the British slave trade from 1660-1698, and which continued trading in slaves until 1731), that the slave trade is growing: http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/slavery.htm The Anti-Slavery Society webpage also reveals that poverty and slavery are closely linked: http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/slaverysasia.htm The American anti-slavery group Free the Slaves, who estimate that there are 27 million slaves in the world today, also point out that poverty is one of the factors which is responsible for what they say is a “resurgence of slavery”: https://www.freetheslaves.net/SSLPage.aspx?pid=301 They state, “In 1850 it was difficult to capture a slave and then transport them to the US. Today, millions of economically and socially vulnerable [my italics] people around the world are potential slaves.” The BBC News article about child slavery in West Africa, also talks about a poverty fuelled “resurgence” in that problem: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/412628.stm The “Christian Science Monitor” article, “Sex slavery racket a growing problem in Latin America”, reveals two other reasons why slavery is growing: the laxness of anti-slavery laws, and the fact that people are easier to traffic than arms and drugs: http://www.csmonitor.com/2001/0111/p7s1.html People can also be more profitable to traffic than drugs. That was a point which was made by the Channel 4 documentary “Unreported World”, in its June 8, 2012 programme about Honduran women being trafficked into Mexico to work as slaves in the sex trade. You can watch the documentary below: http://www.channel4.com/programmes/unreported-world/4od#3370223 The BBC article, “Why slavery persists”, lists 3 poverty related reasons, as well as corruption and crime, population growth, governments not enforcing anti-slavery laws, the global sales of goods which use slavery in the supply chain, and buying slaves to free them, which can result in slave traders seizing more slaves, or refusing to release slaves, because they could be a valuable commodity to sell: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/slavery/modern/persistence.shtml Other articles about the growth of slavery today include: the 2011 “Boston Globe” article below, which describes slavery as “the fastest-growing illegal industry in the in the United States, second only to drugs”; the 2010 article from the Melbourne newspaper “The Age”, which is about the growth of slavery in Australia; the 2010 CNN article, which is about the growth of child slavery in Haiti; the 2012 “Ecologist” magazine article, which discusses the growth of slavery in Europe; the 2011 Al-Jazeera article about the growth of bride trafficking in India; the 2012 “Guardian” article, which reveals that the number of slaves who are being trafficked into Britain is growing; and the 2012 “Observer” article, which explains that increasing numbers of British homeless people are being lured into slavery by gangs: http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2011/01/29/todays_slavery/ http://www.theage.com.au/national/slavery-a-growing-problem-minister-20101118-17zbx.html http://articles.cnn.com/2010-07-11/world/haiti.child.slavery_1_restavek-jean-robert-cadet-child-slavery?_s=PM:WORLD http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1635585/film_reveals_hidden_slavery_in_europes_asparagus_fields.html http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/slaverya21stcenturyevil/2011/10/2011101013102368710.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/oct/20/cuts-scotland-yard-anti-trafficking http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2012/sep/30/slavery-homeless-trafficking-gangs There is nothing new about the rise in modern slavery, which cannot simply be blamed on the current economic crisis, as an 8th, BBC News article, “Millions ‘forced into slavery,'” reported in 2002 that, “The number of people forced into slavery around the world has risen to 27 million, according to a report published by an international human rights group [Anti-Slavery International].”: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/2010401.stm David Batstone’s “Not for Sale: The Return of the Global Slave Trade – And How We Can Fight It” (HarperCollins, London, 2007), is a good book to read if you want to understand that free market fundamentalism is increasing the number of slaves around the world, as it states that, “Widespread poverty and social inequality ensure a pool of recruits as deep as the ocean” for the modern slave trade, and claims that only drug trafficking and illegal arms sales generate more money for criminals than the slave trade. This is an extract from the book which David Batstone has posted online: http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Global_Secrets_Lies/Global_Slave_Trade.html David Batstone’s Not For Sale anti-slavery group estimate that, “There are more than 30 million slaves today, more than at any time in history”: http://www.notforsalecampaign.org/about/ So it is disgraceful that as the BBC News article below shows, David Cameron decided initially, for eurosceptic reasons, to opt out of a new tougher EU anti-trafficking law which is designed to make that form of slavery, which involves several hundred thousand people being trafficked into and within the EU each year, easier to stamp out: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11993720 “The Guardian” has also recently reported that David Cameron’s cuts are threatening the future of Scotland Yard’s anti-trafficking unit: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/oct/20/cuts-scotland-yard-anti-trafficking It is also true of course that David Cameron is the most free market fundamentalist minded of all European Union leaders, which is why he is so hostile to the EU Social Chapter of workers’ rights that other EU countries’ conservative parties accept, which is why he withdrew Conservative MEP’s from the conservative group in the European Parliament, and moved them into a far right group, and which is why he has ignored a series of recent major media stories, 2 of them in the most widely read newspaper among Tory MP’s, “The Daily Telegraph”, about large scale child hunger, which is the result of his social security, and school breakfast club budget cuts, and of the free market fundamentalists Margaret Thatcher’s and John Major’s earlier social security cuts, and privatisation of utility companies, who are notorious for extortionate prices, which a state run gas, electricity, or water company with a public service ethos, and not a private greed ethos, would not charge: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/two-children-in-every-classroom-go-hungry-as-neglect-takes-its-toll-7912679.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/sep/16/school-budget-cuts-breakfast-clubs http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/oct/16/teachers-pupils-hunger-food-survey http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/9521238/Save-the-Children-launches-first-poverty-campaign-in-Britain.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/9533637/Children-really-do-live-in-poverty-in-Britain.html Slavery mainly affects non-white people, and top Conservatives are notoriously racist. For example, one of Margaret Thatcher’s junior ministers, the late Alan Clark, openly admitted in his diaries, which were published the year after his death as “Diaries: Into Politics” (Weidenfield and Nicolson, London, 2000), that he was a Nazi who supported the Third Reich’s genocidal mass killings. He also admitted that he admired the fascist National Front: “Yes, I told him, I was a Nazi, I really believed it to be the ideal system, and that it was a disaster for the Anglo-Saxon races and the world that it was extinguished…Oh yes, I told him, I was completely committed to the whole [Nazi] philosophy. The blood and the violence was an essential ingredient of its strength, the heroic tradition of cruelty every bit as powerful and a thousand times more ancient than the Judaeo-Christian ethic.” (p.280) “Earlier, at my [MP’s] surgery, two real NF members had come in, for a chat. And I thought how good they were, and how brave is the minority, in a once great country, who still keep alive the tribal essence.” (p.112) Mende Nazer, who when she was 12 years old, was abducted from her village in Sudan by slave traders, and sold as a domestic servant slave to a family in Khartoum, who later sold her to a Sudanese diplomat in London, which enabled her to escape, and successfully claim asylum, said of David Cameron’s initial disinterest in signing up to the EU new anti-slavery law: “I don’t think the Government is doing what they should do to terminate this awful practice. They don’t want to sign the EU convention. Why? For me it’s nothing to do with politics; we’re talking about a human crisis here…The Government doesn’t want to take any steps to believe those who are suffering, because they want to be on good terms with governments in the countries the diplomats come from…The country has to decide whether they believe the experiences of those who have been trafficked or whether they would rather keep their relationship with the government of the country the slave comes from.” You can read that quote from an “Independent” article, which also discusses anti-slavery campaigners’ efforts to persuade David Cameron and Nick Clegg to sign up to the new EU trafficking law here: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-urged-to-sign-eu-ban-on-slave-trafficking-2121213.html It is even more disgraceful that since then, David Cameron has decided that his Coalition is to be one of only 9 of the 183 governments which are members of the UN International Labour Organisation, that refuses to back a UN anti-slavery convention which is designed to protect domestic servants like Mende Nazer, 95% of whom are paid below the legal minimum wage, from slavery. Not surprisingly, Anti-Slavery International criticised David Cameron’s attitude, which helps people to break the law, by paying their servants illegally low wages, or no wages, and which reminds me of the George W. Bush Administration’s decision to be the only government on Earth which, as the below US Congressional Research Service report explains in the summary at the start, refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which banned the sale of children. Somalia also did not ratify that Convention, but only as it had no functioning government at that point. Its barely functioning national government politicians have since agreed to ratify it: http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/134266.pdf As the UN webpage shows, the US is also 1 of only 7 countries which have not ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which is partly designed to protect women from human trafficking slavery. Other countries which have not ratified that treaty, include such beacons of women’s rights as Iran and (Northern) Sudan: http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en You can read about David Cameron’s disinterest in protecting servants from slavery and illegally low pay, and about Anti-Slavery International’s criticism of his attitude, in the below “Guardian” article: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/15/coalition-refuses-protecting-domestic-workers You can read about David Cameron’ being one of only 9 national leaders who refused to back the UN anti-slavery convention in the below Human Rights Watch article: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/06/16/ilo-new-landmark-treaty-protect-domestic-workers Other countries whose leaders refused to sign, included such beacons of freedom and democracy as (Northern) Sudan, whose President, Omar al-Bashir, is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and crimes against humanity, Swaziland, where political parties are banned, and the king has pretty much absolute power, Singapore, which executed more people per person than any country on Earth between 1994 and 1999, and whose government has been accused of presiding over a “happy-face fascism” state, and Malaysia, which, like Singapore, executes even small scale cannabis dealers. The fact that David Cameron is one of only 9 leaders of the 183 ILO member governments who refuses to agree to the new anti-slavery convention, is a fact that anyone who thinks Cameron is the liberal politician he claims to be, ought to think about. In reality, he is one of the most regressive, free market fundamentalist national leaders on the planet. Not surprisingly, David Cameron refused to even issue a simple apology for the British role in the transatlantic slave trade, when he was asked to do so by a journalist from the Afro-Caribbean “Voice” newspaper: http://www.voice-online.co.uk/content.php?show=10138 His decision to allow big companies like the tax haven using tax avoiders Tesco to employ the unemployed for no pay, has also led to his government being sued, because Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which Britain is a signatory to, prohibits slavery and forced labour: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/graduate-sues-government-over-slave-labour-schemes-7888904.html As Anti-Slavery International point out, Tesco, and other British companies, also sell clothes produced by Indian child slaves: http://www.antislavery.org/english/press_and_news/news_and_press_releases_2009/010612_slavery_on_the_hight_street.aspx Luckily, a bill to create an annual Anti-Slavery Day became law the month before David Cameron became Prime Minister, so he has had to go along with it, despite his relaxed attitude to slavery: http://www.ecpat.org.uk/content/anti-slavery-day You can read about Mende Nazer’s story in her book, “Slave: The True Story of a Girl’s Lost Childhood and Her Fight for Survival” (Virago, London, 2004), which explained that (North) Sudanese government ministers have an even worse attitude to slavery than David Cameron and George W. Bush: “All this culminated in a number of Sudanese government ministers intervening directly to try to pressurise those who had helped me escape [from domestic servant slavery at the home of a senior (North) Sudanese diplomat in London] to stop shielding me.” (p.298) Mende Nazer’s story also inspired the August 30, 2010 Channel 4 programme “I Am Slave”. George W. Bush’s refusal to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child also explains why, “President Bush decided Wednesday to waive any financial sanctions on Saudi Arabia, Washington’s closest Arab ally in the war on terrorism, for failing to do enough to stop the modern-day slave trade in prostitutes, child sex workers and forced laborers”, to cite an article in the “Washington Post” of September 19, 2005 which you can read here: http://aramanoogian.blogspot.com/2005/10/us-president-not-interested-in.html His refusal to ratify a convention which outlaws the sale, and thus ownership of children, and refusal to impose sanctions on Saudi Arabia over its relaxed attitude to slavery, was not surprising, because Hanniford Schmidt, an activist from the Yes Men, an American anti-World Trade Organisation, anti-free market fundamentalism group, who managed to get themselves invited to conferences as WTO representatives by creating a fake WTO website, was praised by a George W. Bush Administration era Director for African Affairs at the Office of the US Trade Representative, Laurie Ann Agama, after he gave a speech at a free market fundamentalist conference in which he suggested that allowing corporations to own Africans, which he openly described as “compassionate slavery”, would be a good idea. See the Yes Men webpage to find out about Laurie Ann Agama’s support for compassionate slavery: http://theyesmen.org/hijinks/wharton The Yes Men also made a humourous film in 2003 called “The Yes Men”, in which they filmed free market fundamentalists agreeing with every outrageous proposal of that type that they came up with{ http://theyesmen.org/movies/theyesmen Hanniford Schmidt’s pro-compassionate slavery speech also praised George W. Bush’s “compassionate conservatism” slogan, which David Cameron has of course used. As George W. Bush and David Cameron are both relaxed about the global slave trade, it is clear that compassionate conservatism is simply an Orwellian double talk slogan which has been used to deceive people into thinking that Bush and Cameron are humane politicians. I discussed the fact that “compassionate conservatism” is a term which was coined by Marvin Olasky, a supporter of the Christian Reconstruction Movement, a Judaist and Christian fundamentalism (“Old Testament” law) influenced, pro-slavery, free market fundamentalist, far right, anti-democracy religious group, in the below article: https://constantinereport.com#the-far-right-totalitarian-origins-of-gw-bushs-david-camerons-compassionate-conservatism-orwellian-double-talk-slogan-2/ The CRM support slavery as “The Old Testament” endorses it, in for example, “Exodus” 21:1-4 and 21:7, and “Leviticus” 25:44-46. In the article below, I discussed Charles Murray, and the other fascist, or fascism influenced writers who have played a little known role in inspiring David Cameron’s welfare state policies, and who oppose all aspects of welfare states, including the National Health Service, and all social security benefits. I also highlighted Cameron’s admission to Conservative leader in the House of Lords Lord Strathclyde, that he wants to get rid of all social security benefits. If he were to get away with scrapping all social security benefits, which is of course what the writers who support a pro-slavery ideology (fascism) want him to get away with, there would obviously be an even bigger explosion in child hunger than there already is in Britain: https://constantinereport.com#the-fascist-writers-who-have-played-a-little-known-role-in-inspiring-david-camerons-welfare-state-policies/ Two other books which you have to read if you want to understand why free market fundamentalism is increasing the numbers of slaves around the world, are Professor Richard Peet’s “The Unholy Trinity: The IMF, World Bank and WTO” (Zed Books, London, 2003), and Professor Richard Wilkinson’s and Kate Pickett’s “The Spirit Level: Why Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better” (Penguin, London, 2009). “The Unholy Trinity” quotes a number of anti-poverty groups who all claim that millions of children are being killed each year by the slavery fuelling poverty which the free market fundamentalist IMF, World Bank, and WTO are responsible for creating. “The Spirit Level” uses a mountain of scientific studies data that the authors gathered over a 30 year period, to show that extremely unequal societies (which are the societies in which slavery flourishes best), create more violent crime, property crime, drug abuse, mental illness, lack of trust between people, and other problems than more equal societies. Those problems drive some people in, for example Eastern Europe, to try to escape to Western Europe, which leads, in some cases, to them being tricked by fake job offers from human traffickers into becoming, for example, slave prostitutes. If you read those 2 books, you will understand why slavery is overwhelmingly a poor country problem, and why slavery will never be stamped out until poverty is made history worldwide. Even in a wealthy country like Britain, poverty leads to slavery, because, for example, British prostitutes, who mostly do that job for poverty reasons, can end up as slaves of pimps. The website of Against Violence and Abuse, who campaign to stop violence against women and girls, mentions the fact that 74% of British prostitutes do that job for poverty reasons, so you have to make poverty history in wealthy as well as poor countries if you want to stamp out slavery: http://www.avaproject.org.uk/our-resources/statistics/prostitution.aspx That is certainly not going to happen if people vote for free market fundamentalist politicians like David Cameron who advocate “compassionate conservatism”, because supporter of the pro-slavery CRM Marvin Olasky supports scrapping the welfare state, as the below article points out: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3427/is_1_28/ai_n28867534/ Doing that would of course lead to a sharp rise in not only hunger, but also slavery, as, for example, some women would turn to prostitution to feed themselves, and end up as the slaves of pimps, and as more homeless people would end up as the slaves of gangs. The below “Don’t fall for David Cameron” 2006 article by “Independent” journalist Johann Hari, points out that under compassionate conservative George W. Bush, American poverty rose by an average of 4.4% each year between 2001 and 2006, and that 5 million more American children dropped below the poverty line during that period: http://www.johannhari.com/2006/12/05/don-t-fall-for-david-cameron Examples of modern slavery, which in some cases involve a racist dimension, as I will explain in this article, include: bonded labour in places like India, Pakistan, Brazil, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, which involves people who are in some cases sold from one employer to another, being forced to do unpaid work to pay off high interest rates debts, including, in some cases, children or grandchildren who have inherited their parent’s or grandparent’s debt (bonded labourers are not all slaves, as they are sometimes paid low wages, but often their wages are so low, that they cannot pay off their debts); adults who are trafficked across borders, and forced to work for no pay; poor West African parents being tricked into selling their children by promises that they will be educated, or given professional training by a wealthy family, when, in reality, slave labour will be their fate, or having their children abducted; people like Mende Nazer being abducted by slave traders in (Northern) Sudan, so they can be sold to (Northern) Sudanese families as domestic servant slaves; children being forced to fight for, or work as domestic or sex slaves for guerilla groups like Uganda’s Lords Resistance Army; slave labour camps for dissidents in Communist states like the former Soviet Empire, China, Laos, Vietnam, North Korea, and Cuba; and Burma’s military regime, which is now making democratic reforms, forcing people, including children, to work for no pay building railway lines and other infrastructure. I will explain later that, despite the democratic reforms, slavery continues in Burma. As Anti-Slavery International point out on their bonded labour webpage, “In South Asia, it is rooted in the caste system…”: http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour.aspx Bonded labour and the caste system were criminalised by the 1950 Indian Constitution, and although the Indian Government tries to help lower caste, and outside and below the caste system “Untouchable” (Dalit) people, with positive discrimination that helps them to get into universities and government jobs, there are relatively few bonded labour prosecutions. The often racist dimension to India’s bonded labour slavery, is that historically, the caste system was a racist way for the lighter skinned, higher caste, “Aryan” invaders of Ancient India, to subjugate darker skinned indigenous Indians, which is why even today, thousands of years after the establishment of the caste system, higher caste people tend to be lighter skinned than lower caste and Dalit people, who make up the vast majority of bonded labourers. The fact that the caste system is so old, and is part of the Aryan Hindu religion, is of course why it is so difficult for a 62 year old constitution to get rid of it, because it has culturally influenced mostly Hindu India to such a large extent, which is perhaps why some, no doubt mostly Hindu fundamentalist Indian officials, seem to be disinterested in combating bonded labour, and is definitely why discrimination against Dalits, which has a lot to do with their enslavement, is still a huge problem in India, as the below “Times of Bombay” article explains: http://www.timesofbombay.com/?tag=caste-system-in-india So it is no surprise, that as the below BBC News story points out, Anti-Slavery International claim that there are still millions of bonded labour slaves in India: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6501495.stm The BBC World Service article reveals that there are also an estimated 5 million bonded labour slaves in Pakistan: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1357_slavery_today/page4.shtml Although that country’s 1992 Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act outlawed that form of slavery, the below 2010 US State Department report states that, “…Pakistani officials have yet to record a single conviction…”: http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142761.htm Moreover, a UN article points out that, “In the days and months after the [Pakistani] Supreme Court’s judgment of 1989 [which also outlawed bonded labour], tens of thousands of bonded labourers in Pakistan’s brick kilns left the jobs which they had been doing as a result of the pressure of debt bondage. Progress was swift and it seemed that the millions of people reported to be held in debt bondage in the country would soon be free. “However, in 1999 we are obliged to conclude that, despite temporary progress following the Supreme Court’s judgment, debt bondage remains both widespread and virtually unchallenged by the Government of Pakistan. Indeed, it is both remarkable and tragic how little government officials have been willing to do to enforce the country’s laws and to bring an end to debt bondage, and how willingly they appear to tolerate its persistence.” You can read that UN article here: http://www.yespakistan.com/racism/bonded_labour.as Tens of thousands of bonded labour slaves were in any case a small percentage of Pakistan’s estimated 5 million slaves, which means that even straight after the Supreme Court judgement, its government was as relaxed as ever about slavery, which is why, as of 2010, there had been no convictions under its 1992 law banning bonded labour. The situation in Brazil is better, as the Brazilian Government’s National Plan for the Eradication of Bonded Labour, which was launched in 2003, has been making good progress, according to the UN’s International Labour Organisation. According to the below 2009 CNN webpage, there are still “up to 40,000” slaves in Brazil, though it also points out that in 2008, Brazilian officials mounted 133 raids which freed 4634 of them, and that since 1995, 33,000 Brazilian slaves have been freed: http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/01/09/brazil.slavery/index.html Slavery in Brazil has a racist dimension, as poverty, and thus slavery in that country, is a primarily black problem, as the below BBC News story reveals: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4552119.stm The situation in Nepal, which also has caste system linked bonded labour, is also better, because, as the below Anti-Slavery International news story explains, in 2008, 20,000 slaves were freed by the government, which also cancelled their debts: http://www.antislavery.org/english/press_and_news/news_and_press_releases_2008/2008_press_and_news/90908_nepal_abolishes_bonded_labour1.aspx Nepalese slaves also tended to be Dalits, as the below UN article about freed bonded labourers reveals: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35838&Cr=nepal&Cr1= Caste system related bonded labour continues to be a problem among the primarily Hindu Tamil minority in Sri Lanka, as the International Dalit Solidarity Network webpage explains: http://idsn.org/caste-discrimination/key-issues/bonded-labour/sri-lanka/ Another IDSN webpage reveals that bonded labour also continues to be a problem in Bangladesh: http://idsn.org/caste-discrimination/key-issues/dalit-women/bangladesh/ As many people already know, human trafficking slavery is now a huge problem globally. According to the UN, about 2.5 million people are at any one time the victims of human trafficking: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6497799.stm The US State Department says that 13 countries “do not meet minimum standards on fighting trafficking, and are not making significant efforts to do so”: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65D5MW20100615 The UN said in 2009 that human trafficking is a growing problem, as many countries are ignoring it: http://www.rferl.org/content/UN_Says_Human_Trafficking_Appears_To_Be_Worsening_/1492561.html Because of the vast scale of global poverty which free market fundamentalism is creating, the demand for cheap labour worldwide, and the planet’s growing population, the kind of plantation slavery which people read about in books on the transatlantic slave trade, is in some countries also a growing problem. The below BBC News article discusses West African child slaves working on cocoa plantations to produce chocolate for the UK market: http://news.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_8583000/8583499.stm The below 2nd BBC News article, “West Africa’s child slave trade”, which is about child slaves working as, for example, domestic servants, explains that poor parents being tricked into selling their children by promises from slave traders that they will be given education or professional training by a wealthy family, when, in reality, slave labour will be their fate, or having their children abducted by slave traders, are increasing problems in West Africa, which was of course the main source for slaves who were taken to the Americas: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/412628.stm UNICEF estimate that 200,000 children a year are trafficked in West Africa: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0424_childslavery.html Black African children being abducted and sold into slavery (by racist Arab slave traders) in another part of Africa (Sudan), also continues to be a problem. When escaped black Sudanese slave Mende Nazer was abducted as a child from her village by Arab slave traders, she explained in her already cited book, that she was first sold to an Arab family in Khartoum, who forced her to work 7 days a week as their unpaid domestic servant, and racially abused her. They told her, for example, that Islam was not for black people like her. Her Arab Sudanese diplomat owner in London also forced her to work as a 7 days a week unpaid domestic servant. The UN has accused the Arab (North) Sudanese authorities, who publicly say that they oppose slavery, of being quietly in favour of the racist abduction and enslavement of black South Sudanese people: http://www.meforum.org/319/the-un-finds-slavery-in-the-sudan As the above article explains, the (North) Sudanese regime responded to the 6 UN reports which accused it of being involved in slavery, by issuing a fatwa against everyone who opposed the regime, and by directly threatening the author of the reports. As the idea that modern Arab slave traders are enslaving people for partly racist reasons (financial profit is of course also always a reason for the slave trade), might sound far fetched to some people, here are 3 BBC News articles from the last decade about the Arab Sudanese enslavement of black Sudanese people: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6455365.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2942964.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6468097.stm The 2010 US State Department report here also accuses (Northern) Sudan’s Arab government of being involved in slavery, and human trafficking: http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142761.htm Do not forget that the Arab regime in Khartoum killed possibly 400,000 black people in its Darfur region, and possibly 2,500,000 black people in 2 civil wars with its southern region, which, not surprisingly, voted overwhelmingly (98.83%) in 2011 for independence from (Northern) Sudan in a UN run referendum. Moreover, the already cited BBC News article about modern slavery, claims that, “In Abidjan [the capital of the Ivory Coast] child trafficking is said to be largely in the hands of the Lebanese”: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/412628.stm Furthermore, the Arab enslavement of black Africans began over 800 years before Europeans began the transatlantic slave trade, and involved a lot more slaves. The below “Encyclopaedia Britannica” “Black History” webpage states that, “Approximately 18,000,000 Africans were delivered into the Islamic trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trades between 650 and 1905”: http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 By pointing out that fact, I am not trying to belittle the contribution of the slave trading Western colonial powers to the creation of modern poverty and slavery, just pointing out the facts, because people tend to know a lot more about the Western slave trade than the Arab slave trade. For example, the slave revolt in Haiti (which ended French colonial rule over that country), and the frequent slave revolts in Jamaica (which were the key reason that the British decided to abandon slavery) are well known, but the African slave revolts in the Arab world, are, like the Arab slave trade, much less well known than the transatlantic slave trade. Alexandre Popovic’s book, “The Revolt of African Slaves in Iraq in the 3rd/9th Century [the 3rd Century in the Islamic calendar, and the 9th Century in the Christian calendar]” (Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton, New Jersey, 1999), discusses one little known African slave revolt in Iraq which lasted for over a decade (869-883), and which also involved local poor Arabs. Arab slave traders have also historically enslaved more types of people than black Africans. The below BBC historical webpage says that they owned African, Central Asian, and Central and Eastern European slaves, but Arab slave trader pirates also abducted people from the coastal areas of Southern Europe, and even from coastal areas as far north as Britain and Iceland, as Professor Robert Davis’s book, “Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800” (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2004) explains: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml Of course, Europeans also enslaved more types of people than black Africans (forced labour was used by colonial powers, and most of Europe had a serfdom slavery system from the Roman Empire until as late as 1861 in the case of the Russian Empire, which is why the 1086 “Domesday Book” census found that about 10% of the English population were slaves, and about 20% in some areas), but even so, it was only the rise of Western power which put a stop to much of the Arab slave trade. For example, slavery was only abolished in Saudi Arabia in 1962, under pressure from US President John F. Kennedy. Some other Arab nations also only abolished slavery long after Europe, North America, and South America (Brazil was the last country on those 3 continents to abolish slavery, in 1888, which perhaps partly explains why it still has a large slavery problem today). For example, Qatar only abolished slavery in 1952, Yemen only abolished it in 1962, the United Arab Emirates in 1963, and Oman in 1970. Moreover, in partly Arab run Mauritania, the authorities continue to quietly back slavery, as the below 2011 UN article about Mauritanian leaders owning slaves, and jailing anti-slavery campaigners reveals: http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportID=91528 The below 2011 “Guardian” article about the jailing of one of the campaigners, points out that his detention coincided with his group, SOS Esclaves Mauritanie (in English, SOS Mauritania Slaves), being given France’s human rights award, to recognise its work campaigning against slavery in Mauritania and nearby countries, which may mean that the Mauritanian authorities wanted to punish him for winning the award, and drawing international attention to the continuing existence of the slave trade they support in their country: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jan/04/mauritania-slavery-campaigner-human-rights After all, as the Anti-Slavery International webpage explains, Mauritania has officially “abolished” slavery several times before, but, according to SOS Esclaves Mauritanie, about 18% of its population are still slaves, so these “abolitions” were clearly just deceptions which were designed to take the world’s attention away from the Mauritanian authorities’ ownership of slaves, and support for the slave trade: http://www.antislavery.org/english/what_we_do/antislavery_international_today/award/2009_award_winner/slavery_in_mauritania.aspx Here are 2 other major Western media articles about the continuing existence of slavery in Mauritania. They reveal that not only the local Arab and Berber elite, but also the local black African elite are involved in the enslavement of local black Africans: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4091579.stm http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010828.mauritania.html The enslavement of black Africans is also quietly backed by the light and dark skinned ethnic group elites who run a third nation with a pro-slavery government, Niger, as another UN article reveals: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=53497 Here are 2 major Western media articles about the continuing existence of slavery in Niger: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4250709.stm http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/27/humanrights1 In Niger, the local authorities have also responded to anti-slavery campaigning with imprisonment, as the below ABC News article about Niger’s jailed anti-slavery movement leader reveals: http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=813618&page=1 This “Los Angeles Times” article explains that in Niger, even government ministers own slaves, so it is hardly surprising that the Nigerien authorities are not genuinely interested in bringing slavery to an end: http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/03/world/fg-slavery3 Islamic fundamentalism is as much to blame for some governments continuing to back slavery, as Hindu fundamentalism is to blame for the continuing existence of bonded labour, and as Judaist and Christian fundamentalism are to blame for the relaxed about slavery, George W. Bush and David Cameron using a slogan coined by a supporter of a pro-slavery religious group. Islamic fundamentalists’ Sharia law is based on “The Koran”, which endorses slavery in, for example, the verses 2:178, 4:92, and 16:95, and the words and acts of Mohammed, which is why it includes regulations for how a Muslim should treat slaves, because, according to the below BBC webpage, “Slavery in Islam”, Mohammed himself owned slaves, which explains why Muslims told 19th Century Western anti-slavery campaigners, that what they were trying to do was an attack on Islam: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml A fourth mostly Muslim country where elements of the government quietly back slavery, is Pakistan, according to Human Rights Watch, who explain that slaves can be found all over Pakistan, and not just in its “tribal” areas where the state’s power is weak: “Throughout [my italics] Pakistan employers forcibly extract labor from adults and children, restrict their freedom of movement, and deny them the right to negotiate the terms of their employment. Employers coerce such workers into servitude through physical abuse, forced confinement, and debt-bondage. The government of Pakistan is complicit in these abuses, both by the direct involvement of the police and through the state’s failure to protect the rights of bonded laborers. It rarely prosecutes or punishes employers who hold workers in servitude, and workers who contest their exploitation are often imprisoned under false charges.” You can read that quote in the introduction to this HRW report: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/1995/07/01/contemporary-forms-slavery-pakistan As I explained earlier, by 2010, no one had been prosecuted under Pakistan’s 1992 Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, despite the fact that there an estimated 5 million bonded labourers in Pakistan, which means that they are not exactly rare and hard to find. However, the situation in Pakistan is better than it is in (Northern) Sudan, Mauritania, and Niger, as anti-slavery elements of the Pakistani state are able to, and do free bonded labourer slaves, which is why, for example, the below UN article discusses some slaves being freed by Pakistani courts, by a District Commissioner near Rawalpindi, and by the Special Task Force for Sindh (province) of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, though it is also talks about the authorities sometimes doing nothing when freed bonded labourers are abducted and reenslaved by their owners: http://www.yespakistan.com/racism/bonded_labour.asp One of the results of most of the Pakistani state’s disinterest in freeing slaves, is the fact that there is a growing trade in Pakistani boys as young as 4, who are kidnapped and sold in the United Arab Emirates as camel race jockeys, as the below “Observer” article reveals: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/jun/03/peterbeaumont.theobserver The “Sunday Times” article below reveals another result of most of the Pakistani state’s disinterest in freeing slaves, as it explains that a local Al-Qaeda linked terrorist has been involved in selling kidnapped boys as domestic servants and sex slaves: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article722955.ece Another man of violence who is involved in child slavery, is Joseph Kony, the leader of Uganda’s notorious Lords Resistance Army, a Christian fundamentalist guerilla group, who are responsible for massacres in Uganda, Southern Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. They have also abducted Ugandan, South Sudanese, and DRC children to fight for them, or to serve as domestic or sex slaves, One 5 year old boy who the LRA abducted and forced to fight, is believed to have been the youngest child soldier on the planet. See page 20 of “Children at War” (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2006) by Peter Singer, who is not to be confused with Professor Peter Singer of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethic for Our Treatment of Animals” fame, who, ironically, writes about the human enslavement of animals, to read about his case: The BBC News discusses LRA domestic and sex slaves: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3019838.stm Child soldiers have been conscripted or abducted in a number of African, Asian, and Latin American countries. The best place to find out about them, is the website and annual reports of the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, which includes Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, and which has links to the UN and the Red Cross: http://www.child-soldiers.org/home Martin Parsons’ book about the effects of war on children, “War Child: Children Caught in Conflict” (Tempur Publishing, Stroud, 2008), claims that over 2 million child soldiers have been killed in wars since World War 2. The LRA is certainly not the only contemporary guerilla group who have forced children to fight. Child soldiers as young as 8 have been forced to fight for the Colombian communist guerilla group FARC (in English, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), as the below Radio Netherlands article reveals: http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/colombias-farc-using-child-soldiers The Nepalese Maoist guerillas, who are now part of Nepal’s government, also forced children to fight for them, as the below “Guardian” article reveals: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/08/nepalese-child-soldier-un-threatened So it is no surprise that contemporary Communist regimes have used slave labour. Former Laotian dissident Bounsang Khamkeo’s book, “I Little Slave: A Prison Memoir from Laos” (Eastern University Press, Spokane, Washington state, 2006), discussed Laos’s slave camps for dissidents. Lee Hu’u Tri, who was a slave in a Vietnamese camp, has written a book called “Prisoner of the Word: A Memoir of the Vietnamese Reeducation Camps” (Black Heron Press, Mill Creek, Washington state, 2000). North Korea’s slave camps are discussed in this”Independent” article: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-korea-uncovered-palaces-labour-camps-and-mass-graves-1711573.html The Amnesty International webpage discusses a North Korean family who were tortured and sent to a slave camp, for trying to escape from their country, which resembles a giant prison: http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=15761 China has at least 1100 slave camps according to the below CNN article: http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/red.giant/prisons/wu.essay/ The formerly Communist government of a 5th mostly Muslim nation, Uzbekistan, also quietly backs slavery, because it uses forced labour child slaves to pick cotton, as this Anti-Slavery International article points out: http://www.antislavery.org/english/campaigns/cottoncrimes/default.aspx The 1993-2001 Danish Social Democrat Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, who later led the Socialist group in the European Parliament, once compared “Thatcherism” to communism and fascism, which was a reasonable comparison, given that all 3 of those ideologies result in more slavery. The late free market fundamentalist economist Friedrich von Hayek, who was a huge influence on Margaret Thatcher, wrote a book called “The Road to Serfdom”, which argued that left wing economic ideas would lead to slavery, whereas in reality, it is only the totalitarian Left which leads to slavery. By contrast, the fascist and free market fundamentalist Right both lead to slavery, which it took liberal-left wing campaigning to outlaw in the 19th Century. If the free market fundamentalist Right monopolised political power, the living standards of poorer people would go endlessly downwards, so more and more people would be driven into slavery, and you would also see more and more workfare type forced labour, which the late, Adolf Hitler and the SS praising Austrian fascist politician Joerg Haider’s Freedom Party introduced for the long term unemployed, when it became part of Austria’s government, and which free market fundamentalist parties like the Dutch People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy have introduced. Dutch workfare also has fascist roots, as I explained here: https://constantinereport.com#the-fascist-writers-who-have-played-a-little-known-role-in-inspiring-david-camerons-welfare-state-policies/ Poul Nyrup Rasmussen’s comparison was not widely reported in Britain, but to understand that he was right, you only have to look at the fact that now Communist Party run China is cooperating with the West, as it is the primary cheap labour site for Walmart and other Western corporations, Western free market fundamentalist politicians are no longer interested in condemning its slave camps for dissidents, or its 90 hour weeks in factories for low pay, which of course proves that free market fundamentalists have the same slave owner mentality as communists and fascists. Nor do free market fundamentalists criticise China for its widespread child slavery, which is discussed in the below “New York Times” article: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/world/asia/21china.html?pagewanted=all Not even the communists and the fascists have suggested that their slaves should be given food only, and no accommodation or clothing, but the free market fundamentalist World Bank, has in the past suggested to the post-apartheid South African Government, that some of its employees should be paid in food only, which meant that they would have been worse off than slaves, whose accommodation and clothing are paid for, though admittedly Nazi slaves were fed so little, and housed so badly, that they tended to die quickly . Cuba no longer has slave camps, but it used to have, as the below “New York Times” article explains: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3D91F3DF931A15752C0A963958260 The Nazi concentration slave camp motto was “Work makes [you] free ” (“Arbeit macht frei”), while the Cuban slave camp motto was “Work will make you men”, which of course highlights the similarity between fascism and communism. David Cameron’s pro-workfare, far right social security and pensions minister, Iain Duncan-Smith, uses the same Nazi slogan, as the below “Guardian” article reveals, which also highlights the similarity between free market fundamentalism and fascism and communism: http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/jun/16/lawrence-mead-tough-us-welfare-unemployed The Soviet Gulag slave camps are well known of course, as are the Third Reich’s slave concentration camps, the Nazis’ use of slave labour in factories, and the World War 2 Japanese fascists’ use of slave labourers and slave prostitutes in Asia. Other Communist regimes of the past had Gulag type camps, for example Romania and Bulgaria, and Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge Communists turned their entire country into a slave camp in which people were forced to work for up to 140 hours a week. Another fascist regime of the past which had slave camps, was General Franco’s Spain, whose slave camps for dissidents are mentioned in this “Time” magazine article: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1129487,00.html Benito Mussolini’s slave camps are discussed in a book by Professor Carlo Spartaco Capogreco, who talks about them here: http://www.primolevicenter.org/Printed_matter/Entries/2010/1/23_Memory_Buried__Mussolinis_Camps.html The slave camps which were set up by Croatia’s particularly grisly fascist dictatorship, whose massacres of Jews, Gypsies, and Serbs shocked even the Nazis, are discussed by the Holocaust research website: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/jasenovac.html Finally, a modern dictatorship which is notorious for its use of slave labour, including child slave labour, is Burma’s military regime, which uses slaves to build railways and other infrastructure. In 1996, John Pilger secretly shot a documentary for ITV called “Inside Burma: Land of Fear”, which included footage of child slaves. You can watch the film on his website: http://www.johnpilger.com/videos/inside-burma-land-of-fear Despite democratic reforms, state sponsored slavery continues to exist in Burma: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-06-19/news/sns-rt-us-rights-slaverybre85i1oj-20120619_1_trafficking-in-persons-report-human-trafficking-anti-trafficking-laws I will conclude this article by pointing out first of all, that until poverty is made history by, for example, people electing governments which are run by political parties who will increase minimum wages to a living wage level, and who will also guarantee state funded living wage jobs to all unemployed people who need them, and rented homes to all homeless people, slavery will continue to be a major international problem. Unfortunately, only some small political parties like the American Green Party and the England and Wales Green Party back mandatory living wage minimum wages, and guaranteeing rented homes to all homeless people, and the American Green Party is possibly the only political party on the planet who support guaranteeing state funded living wage jobs to unemployed people, so there is no prospect of ending slavery for the foreseeable future in even wealthy countries. While it is a step forward that Labour leader Ed Miliband now argues for a voluntary living wage minimum wage, we really need a mandatory living wage minimum wage to make poverty, and thus slavery history in Britain. As no economic system has ever been able to always provide everyone who needs a job with one, guaranteeing living wage jobs to the unemployed is also essential if poverty and slavery are to be made history, so the American Green Party, who also support other wealth redistribution measures to help non-working sectors of the population to live a dignified life, is possibly the only political party on the planet which can be described as a make poverty and slavery history party.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6966 | La Gomera: Magnificent and Calm
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The stopover in La Gomera was an opportunity for participants to discover the spectacular scenery and tranquil atmosphere of this island, one of the smallest in the Canarian archipelago, designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2012.
San Sebastian de la Gomera and its marina – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
In order not to overcrowd the marina at San Sebastian de la Gomera, the fleet of boats were divided in two, and each benefited from a warm and professional welcome.
The arrival of the first fleet coincided with the feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe, patron of the island of la Gomera, which meant the sailors were able to enjoy a music of traditional folk music, and the procession of the Virgin around the chapel of Puntallana.
Folk music concert
Procession of the Virgin around the chapel of Puntallana – Photo: Isabelle Meyer-Peter
The sailors also enjoyed a bus excursion organised by the Tourism Office of La Gomera in order to discover the delights of the island.
The sailors on their excursion
The valley of la Hermigua, a great producer of bananas – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
The lofty Mirador de Abrante normally has views of the Mount Tiede, on the day unfortunately covered in clouds – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
At the visitors centre, the sailors listened to the guide’s explanations next to a model of the island – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
A walk in the ancient forest of the Garajonay national park, a UNESCO world heritage site – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
Typical volcanic scenery, the lava cone of the Roque de Agando looms out of the mist – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
The valleys in La Gomera with their distinctive steep slopes – Photo: Christian Sprogoe
Photo: Christian Sprogoe
The two fleets have now continued on to La Palma, a little to the north, where they will be reunited for an evening social before continuing on their way through the Canaries to El Hierro.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/6977 | Romans 5:1-21
In the last chapter we looked at how Abraham walked by faith after being justified by the redemptive work of Christ. Paul now explains the changes that will take place in a person’s life when they have been justified and forgiven all their sin. He now reveals the awesome blessings and fruits of being justified. What are the fruits of justification?
You have peace with God (Vs. 1)
Paul declares, "Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." Therefore, the first result of being justified by faith will be that you have peace with God. Notice that Paul declares this to be peace with God, not the peace of God. These are two very different kinds of peace. The peace of God will always be the result of first having peace with God. Paul is explaining that if you have been justified, there is no longer an adversarial relationship between you and God. Hostility has ceased and you are no longer at war with the Father. There is no controversy between God and you concerning your sin. God has forgiven you and set you free from the penalties of sin and He has declared you righteous and holy in His sight. Paul explains in Col. 1:21, "You, who once were alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now He has reconciled." Praise God, you are reconciled and the war is over!
Therefore, you have to make peace with God through Jesus Christ before you can ever have the peace of God. Once you've reconciled with the Father the fruit of real communion with God can begin. This is when you will know the "peace of God, which surpasses all understanding" (Phil. 4:7). This peace is the fruit of reconciliation, justification, and friendship with your heavenly Father (John 15:15).
You have access to God and His abundant grace (Vs. 2)
The idea of having access to God was truly revolutionary for any Jew. For thousands of years the Jew had been restricted from access to the presence of God, even though God dwelt among His people within the Temple and the Holy of Holies. However, the veil covered God’s dwelling place and kept back the Jews from tangible access to His presence. Only once a year was the High Priest allowed access to God’s presence to offer a sacrifice for the people on the Day of Atonement.
The Gentiles were also restricted from access to God’s dwelling place by a wall. They could only come so close to God’s presence because of the holiness of His Person.
However, the glorious message of the gospel declares that when Jesus died the veil of the Temple was rent from the top to the bottom and that the wall of partition had been broken down between the Jew and the Gentile (Luke 23:45); (Eph. 2:14). Both Jew and Gentile could now have access to God through Jesus Christ.
Today you have access to God and to His abundant grace. This means you can draw on all the resources of His grace to meet your every need. He is sufficient and His grace is sufficient for whatever He calls you to do. This is why Paul could boldly declare, "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me" (Phil. 4:13). When you are weak, He is strong! Why? Because you have access to His abundant and sufficient grace (2 Cor. 12:9).
You have the hope of His glory (Vs. 2)
Peace with God takes care of your past. Access to God and His grace takes care of your present needs. But, what about your future standing before God? The fruit of justification also gives you a confident hope that you can rejoice in today that you are on your way to glory and will enter the actual presence of God. This hope comes by the very knowledge of God’s abundant grace. Paul taught the Thessalonian church that God had "given us everlasting consolation and good hope by grace" (2 Thess. 2:16). Grace alone can give you good hope and the assurance of obtaining glory.
In Hebrews 4:16, does it say, Let us come boldly to the throne of judgment? No. It says, Let us come boldly to the throne of grace where we might find mercy and grace to help us in our time of need. Are you coming boldly and confidently because you see that the war is over and that you have peace with Him and access to Him? And are you rejoicing in what He has yet promised to you? That is "rejoicing in the hope of the glory of God." The best is still yet to come. That’s what real hope is all about. Do you have this hope, the hope of the glory of God?
Confident in tribulation (Vs. 3-8)
When you know and are confident of the fact that you are headed for glory, trials and tribulation are much easier to deal with. Note, that I didn't say trials are easy to deal with, only that they are easier to deal with knowing these truths. To rejoice in tribulation you must know and be confident of certain facts that Paul explains here. Let’s consider these:
1. Tribulation is working for you, not against you. Paul declares that you must know this: "Tribulation produces perseverance (or endurance); and perseverance, character; and character, hope" (Rom. 5:3,4). The word produces means to generate or to accomplish. This word is also in the present tense, which means that all the tribulation you experience is continually generating perseverance, character, and hope within your heart. This is the benefit of trials that most people do not consider, yet they get this benefit with every testing they endure. In fact, the word perseverance actually means endurance or steadfastness. These are character qualities that are so important and are the natural fruit of the Holy Spirit (Gal. 5:22-23).
Some people wonder what the ability to glory in tribulations has to do with being justified? But, if you are not really assured that you are justified and that you are at peace with God; as soon as difficult times come, you might immediately think, Is God punishing me for my sin? Or, is God against me? However, when you are assured that you are justified you are confident that God is for you and definitely not against you (Rom. 8:31).
2. You will never be disappointed when tribulation is experienced by faith. As you know that God is for you and seek access into His grace to endure, you will see God transform you through the tribulation and produce a change in your character. As you see this change within you it gives you hope that all things are possible. This is the fruit because you know that your Christ-like reaction to the trial is surely not from within yourself, but is a work of God. Hope is generated instead of disappointment because the love of God is poured out in your heart. The fruit of the Spirit is not only love but also faith, which is the opposite of disappointment (Gal. 5:22-23). Therefore, trust God in the midst of your trials and ask Him to fill you with the Holy Spirit that will enable you to walk in a Christ-like manner. Let Him work His work in you.
3. Love enables you to endure tribulation. Love is the key to the struggle with trials in this life. Scripture teaches that "love endures all things" (1 Cor. 13:7). God’s Word also declares that Christians will have to endure many hardships as believers (Matt. 10:22); (2 Tim. 2:3). Therefore, you need to be absolutely assured that God loves you while in the midst of your trials. This will enable you to daily be filled with His love which results in endurance.
How can you be assured the God loves you? Jesus died for you when you were in rebellion against Him. When we were "without strength…Christ died for the ungodly" (Rom. 5:6). Paul encourages us to consider that it is a rare thing for anyone to die for even a good person. Can you think of an example of someone willingly taking the punishment for someone who was hateful and evil? You probably can’t. However, Christ lovingly took the punishment for not just one man but for all mankind. This is conclusive proof that God loves the world and that He loves you.
But, that is not all. An additional proof that God loves you is the presence and power of the Holy Spirit that He pours out on you every day. The word demonstrates in verse 8 is in the present tense. This means that God continually is demonstrating His love toward you by His constant care and giving of His special presence. As you allow Him to fill you with His love, the natural result will be that you will want to love Him back. "We love Him, because He first loved us" (1 John 4:19). As you love God and trust His love for you, tribulation will produce God’s perfect work within you.
Saved from the wrath to come (Vs. 9)
Another very important fruit of being justified by Christ is that you are saved from wrath through Him. You don’t have to fear the wrath that will come upon this world because that wrath is not intended for you. God’s wrath will be poured out against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men (Rom. 1:18). If you still fear God’s wrath to come, then quite possibly you don’t understand the truths we have previously studied in this epistle. Paul encouraged us to "wait for His Son from heaven, whom He raised from the dead, even Jesus who delivers us from the wrath to come" (1 Thess. 1:10). Be assured, you have been delivered from the wrath to come!
Saved by His life (Vs. 10-12)
In the previous verse Paul declares that justification saves us from God’s wrath. In this verse he continues that thought but in the opposite direction. Here he reveals that we are saved by the life God gives us when we are justified.
When you were saved you passed from death to life (1 John 3:14). Jesus is the Bread of Life to all who will believe (John 6:35). Can you recognize the life of God working inside you? We all know what death and emptiness is like, but are you enjoying the life of God saving, transforming, and renewing you? Paul teaches us in 2 Corinthians 4:16,17 that, "Though the outward man perishes, the inward man is renewed day by day." Again Paul declares that, If you will behold the glory of the Lord, you’ll be transformed and changed into His image (2 Cor. 3:18). This is what it means to be saved by His life.
Therefore, if you will allow the power of His life and His Spirit to work in you daily, you will be changed and transformed. If God saved you when you were His enemy, how much more will He do today now that you have been reconciled to Him? He wants to save you to the uttermost (Heb. 7:25). All you have to do is come to Him by faith, and keep coming to Him by faith. Every day your character will be changed little by little.
The Basis of your justification (Vs. 12-21)
In verses 12-21 Paul explains the basis of our justification. He is now setting the groundwork for his explanation of how the sacrifice of Christ can give you victory over sin in chapter six. He contrasts the fruit of Adam and his transgression with the fruit of Christ’s righteousness. Paul uses the word "one" eleven times to emphasize the fact of each man’s individual work and its effect on the whole human race.
How can we be sure that Adam’s sin brought death to all men? There are three ways to prove this fact.
1. After Adam’s sin all his children were born in his same sinful image (Gen. 5:1-3). As he passed on his genes and other characteristics, so he also passed on his sinful nature. The simplest proof of this truth is your children. Think for a moment; you don’t have to teach your children to lie or to be selfish; they know that naturally. They behave like this from their earliest age. Instead, you have to teach them to be giving and to love which is contrary to their nature.
2. All men continued to practice their sinful behavior just as Adam did. Their sinful behavior proved that all men had the same nature as Adam (Vs. 12). We are still proving this truth today.
3. All men died physically just like Adam, proving that they had received the same penalty as their father (Gen. 2:17). Even though they had not sinned by violating a direct command of God as Adam had done, yet they still died because they possessed a sinful nature (Vs. 13-14).
How can the works of Christ that were accomplished two thousand years ago have any effect on me?
1. Adam was a type of Christ. The word type means that a person or thing is an example or has a resemblance of someone or something in the future. Both Adam and Christ represented all humanity by the actions that they took. Adam led the human race into sin and rebellion against God. However, Jesus became the author of eternal life to all who would return to the Father by faith in His work on the cross. Therefore, the work of Christ affects me because He represented me before God.
2. As my representative, Jesus has affected my life by taking the penalty for my sin. Only one sinless man could have stepped in to pay the price of our sin and redeem us back to God. His work is the only one that can justify us. In addition, this fact only further clarifies that man’s works cannot save him.
3. Jesus affects my life as I personally receive Him. Only by faith in this sinless Man, Jesus Christ, can you be born again, be renewed in His image, and obtain God’s divine nature (2 Peter 1:4). God’s nature within you is the only reason why your life will ever change.
In verses 15-19 Paul now contrasts the gift of Christ and the offense of Adam. How are they different?
1. The free gift is not like the offense (Vs. 15). To receive the free gift that Christ gives, you must receive His grace and forgiveness. This is totally different from the way all men became sinners. They were born sinners having the sinful nature of Adam naturally passed down to them. To be a Christian you must be born again by the willing choice of faith. Note the word "receive" in verse 17. Grace is not automatically passed down to you, it must be received as a gift.
2. The effect of Adam’s sin contrasted with the effect of Christ’s sacrifice (Vs. 16). Condemnation came by the one offense of Adam. However, justification came to all men by many offenses being laid on Jesus. Here the gift is shown to be different from the offense of Adam because Jesus took all the offenses, not just Adam’s. Condemnation vs. justification.
3. The reign of death vs. the reign of life (Vs. 17). Adam brought the reign of death to all men, but if you will receive the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness, you will experience life reigning as a king in your heart. All you have to do is receive the abundance of grace that God longs to give. Be assured, you can’t ever achieve God’s grace, you must receive it! This is the only way to experience the reign of life in you. Simply receive this abundant grace.
4. The results of Adam’s offense vs. Christ’s righteous act (Vs. 18-19). Here is Paul’s simple conclusion. It’s judgment or justification. The glorious thing about God’s grace is that He allows us to make the choice as to which of these we will receive. Which do you want?
Law and grace contrasted (Vs. 20-21)
Paul ends this chapter with a final encouragement to his readers to receive the grace of God. He explains that God gave the Law after man’s sin for a very important purpose. God wanted people to see their need of grace. He explains that the Law was always intended to simply give men the knowledge of sin (Rom. 3:20). The Law was to be a tutor (schoolmaster) to drive us to Christ (Gal. 3:24). Therefore, don’t seek to live under the Law, but seek to walk by grace.
God’s first desire has always been to show abounding grace toward mankind. How do we know this? Consider the abounding grace shown toward Adam and Eve when God provided a sacrifice for their sins and even promised to send the seed of the woman (The Messiah) to redeem mankind (Gen. 3:15). God also showed abounding grace to the patriarchs (Gen. 6:8; Ex. 33:17; Ps. 84:11). Abounding grace will be given to the nation of Israel to usher in the kingdom age (Zech. 12:10). In addition, Paul is our best example of abounding grace after his life of rebellion (1 Tim. 1:12-14). He was a man who hated Jesus, persecuted His followers and did everything he could possibly do to destroy the church. But, God apprehended Him by His grace. What an example of this principle that where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.
Do you see that exceeding abundant grace working in your own life? Glory in His grace! Praise Him for His grace and how He has displayed it in your life. Don’t try and achieve it or deserve it; you can’t. Just receive it and serve Him the rest of your days!
This study was written by Pastor Steve Carr. If we can be of any further assistance please contact us at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7025 | Stage One Personal Learning Plan
The Personal Learning Plan (PLP) is a compulsory subject for all Year 10 students at Darwin High School. Students must achieve a C Grade or better to complete the subject successfully and gain their NTCET.
Course details
• Assessment Folio and reflections
About this course
The Personal Learning Plan is a four step program to help students make informed decisions about their learning and future pathways. The core areas are learning about the workplace and learning about themselves. A one week work experience program is also embedded in the program. The learning requirements summarise the knowledge, skills, and understanding that students are expected to develop and demonstrate through their learning.
In this subject, students are expected to:
1. know and understand the seven capabilities
2. identify, explore, and develop personal and learning goals, and strategies to achieve them
3. select and develop at least one capability relevant to achieving their goals
4. reflect on their learning.
• Capabilities Assignment 25%
• SMART Goals Assignment 25%
• Pathways assignment 25%
• Reflection Assignment 25%
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7074 | Download Brochure
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DMI Daily Digest
6 Successful Tips to Promote Your Video Content
It’s hard to believe that just 20 years ago, people didn't have hand-held, multi-media devices that can connect to the internet and stream high volume content. But today, people listen to music, take pictures, shoot video, and view all kinds of content on their phone without even thinking about it.
And the ability to create videos, photos, and then distribute them globally is also much easier to do than ever before. People no longer need to buy film, develop it at labs, work in costly editing bays, and physically deliver their media to a broadcast station or movie theatre.
That has had both good and bad effects on the digital landscape. On the one hand, people now have an almost incomprehensibly vast amount of content that they can consume, and much of it is free. On the other hand, that choice also means that people are far pickier about what they watch and read.
Video Marketing is one of the most effective ways to reach out to customers because video is so engaging and now affordable. But it's hard to compete because so many more people are taking advantage of video, and you can get lost in "the flood." But there are things you can practice to help your videos get seen!
1. Optimize Your Content
Optimize Your Content
Do you already know where your video is most likely to be viewed? If you're targeting a younger, more mobile crowd, are you already confident that the video is most likely to be seen on a phone? If so, are you prepared to maximize your video marketing for mobile consumption?
Viewing video on a smartphone platform is a very different experience from watching something on television or even at a desk, with a full-sized computer and monitor. Smaller displays, under different lighting and noise conditions, will have different requirements in order to be easily and enjoyably consumed. Take the type of technology platform into account when creating your videos. If people can tell that your video is more "phone-friendly," for example, you're more likely to get viewed while on the go, compared to videos that require a more elaborate, theatrical experience.
2. Craft Effective Thumbnails
There's the old saying "you can't judge a book by its cover," but there's still an enormous amount of effort expended by the publishing industry to create memorable covers because everyone realizes this is the first thing that's noticed, whether on a shelf or as an image on Amazon. The same thing is true of your video content, but in this case, we're talking about thumbnails.
Don't ignore the power of a good thumbnail. When people are scanning through a streaming service such as YouTube, they're looking at—and often impulsively acting on—the thumbnails that they see. So making sure to frame and emphasize the image in your video that gives you the most impact is going to help you in the long run. You want to while also tease, engage, and provoke the viewers to want to know more. Learn to cultivate this habit and put it into practice with all your video marketing and promotion.
3. Don’t Forget SEO
Don’t Forget SEO
It's a tedious, and detail-oriented chore, but it's very important to make sure you don't ignore search engine optimization, or SEO. Give your video a title that is SEO-friendly, make sure that you use any appropriate tags and meta-descriptions. Do everything you can to ensure that if people are looking for a video in a subject or topic that your video covers, you’ve given your video every advantage it needs to come out on the top of those search results.
4. Use Social Media
Depending on where your target demographic is, promotion on the right social media platform is critical. If you’re trying to appeal to an older demographic, make sure that your promotion efforts go to Facebook. If you’re going after a younger crowd, post your video on Twitter, pin the tweet to the front page of your account, and make sure you use the appropriate hashtags to improve your SEO.
In the same way, if you know specific communities, such as online forums, would take an interest in your video, do some promotion work there as well. If you know where your market is online, then go to that platform and promote!
5. Don't Forget to Share
Videos now make it very easy for others who like the video to share it with their followers and friends. So take the time to include the share features with the social media platforms that you think may be relevant. Embedding videos on different platforms like Facebook or Twitter require slightly different protocols. Always make sure you include as many options as you can. The more people who want to share your video and actually can, the more your video will be shared and seen, and thus your videos will start marketing for themselves.
6. Integrate It with Other Marketing
Integrate It with Other Marketing
While video content can be quite compelling on its own, video marketing when paired with other marketing efforts can be a potent combination. Tying in a video to a giveaway that is promoted on social media, for example, is one way to get people interested in winning something while at the same watching the video.
In the same way, email can sometimes give you a captive audience. Traditional email marketing can be effective, but an email that also includes something to watch can often enjoy much higher rates of engagement than pure text alone.
Good promotion is critical for getting more people to watch your video content, but remember not to ignore the fundamentals; produce good content, and do this consistently! All the promotion in the world isn't going to help you if someone clicks on your video, views it, and ultimately bounces away or goes and does something else because they don't find it useful or entertaining. The single best way to promote your video content is to create something with value. Do that, and your promotional efforts will become much easier!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7079 | Jump to content
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1. Yes, this is a real pain. My workaround, which irritates me but works, it to first paste into Word, the select all copy and paste into Evernote. Its awful but it works. Pasting from the same text copied from Word yields the correct spacing in Evernote. Seems like Evernote is not translating line breaks in HTML to maintain correct formatting. BTW, Apple Notes has the same problem. Easy to reproduce: On MacOS, Copy from any Google Doc, Paste into the Mac Evernote App. Every line has an extra spacing. Cross Platform has nothing to do with it.
2. Yes, that's what I described in my OP. After reboot, all is well. I suspect the Evernote Helper didn't exit gracefully after the install and then Evernote couldn't relaunch. Thank you for the follow up! Gary
3. FYI, since updating, Evernote won't launch. I did the in place update - it just goes unresponsive in the Force Quit menu and the main Evernote window doesn't come up. I force quit the app then downloaded from this link and did a manual install with same result. Going to restart (uugh) and see what happens. First time an update hasn't come up cleanly for me. Running OS X 10.9.5 (13F34) on a MacBook Air
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7080 | Jump to content
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1. Thanks @gazumped. I'll consider a feature request. As a follow-up, I've noticed that some websites seem to be able to easy translate their URL hyperlinks to internal links when you download an article from its HTML version for offline reading - see for one example this one (at the top select 'Print' then save as pdf). So I'm not sure why it would be so out of the realm of possibility for EN...
2. @frogwell & @DTLow I'm not sure if we're asking the same thing, but please see my question here about clipping webpages with in-page hyperlinks i.e. Wikipedia articles:
3. I'm hoping this is the right forum for my question - I've just realised that when I clip a webpage like Wikipedia that has internal hyperlinks (i.e. for footnotes), when I click on these links in the EN note, instead of moving to the relevant place in the note (the reference at the bottom of the page, which *is* clipped as part of the whole website), it takes me back to the browser and reloads the webpage. I understand that in this case the hyperlink is set to a Wikipedia URL, but would it not be a fairly simple add-on feature that links get altered in clipping so that they refer internally to the note? Or would this be too big a task? Appreciate your advice. I'm running EN Version 6.11 Beta 2 on Mac OS Sierra, clipping from Chrome using the Clipper plugin.
4. I had this problem too, running Evernote 6.10 on Sierra. As noted by BSR, the new update has fixed the issue from what I can see (download link below). In the process of researching this I also discovered a nifty shortcut: in any program, you can copy (Cmd-C) and then paste directly into a New Note in Evernote, without having to switch to it (or even open it - it opens automatically! though this may be because I have the Evernote Helper open in the background, not sure) by pressing CMD-CTRL-V. Enjoy.
5. I'm running Sierra on a MacBook Air mid-2013 and in Preview I not only can't see Evernote in the 'Share' menu, it also doesn't appear under Preview>Services - nothing appear in that menu in fact. Any tips?
6. any update on this? or suggestions of similar apps?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7082 | Elisa Maza is a supporting character from the Disney animated series, Gargoyles. The closest human friend to the clan and the love interest of Goliath, she is a detective that assists the gargoyles in adapting to the modern world.
Being a cop in a big city like New York, Elisa can be tough when the situation calls for it. When she first meets the Gargoyles, she is quite skeptic about them, but becomes fast friends once she and Goliath find some common ground regarding their duty to protect the innocent. She cares for the well-being of them, going far as to keep tabs on Xanatos when the Gargoyles or her family are involved. Over the course of the series, she develops romantic feelings for Goliath, who also harbors feelings for her as well. However, they both do not admit how they feel about each other, as they have doubts that a relationship could work between them because of their different species. Eventually, they are able to get past this once they realize that they care for each other too deeply and finally confess their feelings in the three-part Season 2 finale, Hunter's Moon. They become a couple soon after this and remain together during the third and final season of the show.
Physical Description
Elisa has dark blue hair, brown eyes, and olive skin similar in appearance to Pocahontas. Her normal outfit consists of black boots, light blue jeans, a black shirt, and a red leather jacket. During the Avalon World Tour, she dons other outfits while visiting the different locations that she is sent to by Avalon's magic.
When Puck uses his magic to transform her into a Gargoyle in "The Mirror", Elisa loses her jacket, with its red leather color going to her wings while retaining her normal human skin color. She gains another foot in height, revealing her waist, along with a human skin-colored tail. She loses her shoes and gains double-jointed bare feet. She also gains extra bone structure on her forehead with small horns, bigger eyes and pointier ears. The transformation also grants her a Gargoyle's superhuman strength, allowing her to go toe-to-toe with Demona, but still be able to use things such as Demona's laser weapon with precision accuracy thanks to her police training. Initially, she is unable to use her newfound wings to glide due to a fear of heights but overcomes it to save Goliath after he is rendered human by Puck's magic.
The Disney Wiki has a collection of images and media related to Elisa Maza.
• Her undercover name shares the first name of her voice actress.
• Elisa's last name was originally Chavez, but when Richardson was hired to voice her, her heritage was re-imagined as half Native American, and half Nigerian-American.
• When Elisa dresses up in costume, she dons the dress of Disney Princesses, most notably Belle and Jasmine. However, her overall design resembles a mix between Jasmine and Pocahontas.
• Elisa and her earlier incarnations also had a number of different jobs, including a schoolteacher, firefighter, museum curator, inventor, and archaeologist. For a while, she was the former partner of Xavier (the early incarnation of Xanatos), a mother, and a descendant of the Scottish Princess who became Princess Katharine.
• The character design of Detective Ellen Yin from The Batman is an homage to her.
• The episode "Deadly Force" is the only episode where Elisa was physically injured and her life placed in danger, nearly dying in the hospital due to the severity of her gunshot wound. The next few episodes had her using a crutch to convey the aftereffects of the shot.
• By the time of "The Cage", Elisa is stated by Goliath to be a member of the Manhattan Clan, making her the first human known to be considered part of a gargoyle clan.
• Her DNA was used to create Delilah along with Demona's.
External links
v - e - d
Gargoyles Logo
GargoylesMarvel ComicsSLG ComicsVideo Game
Gargoyles: GoliathHudsonBrooklynBroadwayLexingtonBronxDemonaAngelaColdstoneColdfireTalonDelilahBurbankClawMaggie the CatFangBrentwoodHollywoodMalibuThailogGabrielOpheliaBoudiccaUnaLeoGriffZafiroJadeTurquesaObsidianaKaiSoraYamaGolem
Wyvern ClanDemona's ClanManhattan ClanSteel ClanLabyrinth ClanAvalon ClanLondon ClanMayan ClanClan IshimuraIron Clan
Castle WyvernScotlandManhattanNew YorkNew York CityClock TowerEyrie BuildingLabyrinthAvalonLondonLoch NessKnight's SpurEyrie PyramidKara DigiNew Olympus
See also
The Disney AfternoonTeam AtlantisGargoyleWilliam Shakespeare
Stream the best stories.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7087 | DL Fowler's Blog
The Whole Story
Posted in Inspiration, Moments of Grace, Plots, Psychology, Reading, Themes, Transform Your Fiction, Writing by DLFowler on October 26, 2017
When I ask readers what a book is about, they often give a description of the Lead character’s physical journey. Such answers tend to reflect our human tendency to express ourselves in terms of a physical realm, even though our emotions operate at a psychological level.
Jesse Lee Kercheval explains in her book Building Fiction[1] that readers need to see the tangible evidence when internal conflicts are resolved. To satisfy that need, authors must manifest psychological change with physical consequences. (more…)
A Story’s Moment of Grace
Stories often begin to lose steam near the middle. The Lead character has worked through, around, and over obstacles for almost half the story, having made little progress. We start to worry that readers will grow impatient. We become tempted to add extra scenes solely to ratchet up tension. Big mistake. There’s another way to energize the middles of your stories. (more…)
A Story’s Physical Journey
Posted in Plots, Psychology, Ripples, Stanley Williams, The Moral Premise, Transform Your Fiction, Writing by DLFowler on September 28, 2017
A compelling synopsis of a story’s physical journey can help sell books, but it can do much more. (more…)
A Story’s Psychological Journey
Posted in justice, Psychology, Stanley Williams, The Moral Premise, Writing by DLFowler on September 21, 2017
Great stories are driven by moral dilemmas that focus on a central theme. In Cinderella, the moral dilemma (cruelty versus kindness) is fueled by two words the Fairy Godmother spoke. (more…)
In Memoriam: Hank Searls
Character in Characters
Those words define what we mean by character. They are words that remind us of the difference between a leader and a con-man. For writers like me, these words are a guide to crafting characters who inspire readers through stories. Characters with character are more important today, than ever before.
Lincoln’s Blackouts
Lincoln’s law partner, Herndon, described episodes when he’d find Lincoln sitting in a catatonic state from which he couldn’t be aroused. Often there’d be a book of poetry in his lap.
No one has any idea of what went on in Lincoln’s head during those episodes. He never talked about them.
One possibility is that were flashbacks of an earlier trauma that his body was defending himself against. That happens to people who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Lincoln suffered several traumatic moments early on. At 7 he almost drowned, at 9 he suffered a life-threatening head injury, and months later helped bury his mother, at 10 his father left him and his sister to weather a brutal winter unattended and on the brink of starvation, as a teenager his father beat him often and when he was just past 20 his first love died. Lincoln’s emotional responses to these and other events are explored in Lincoln Raw-a biographical novel.
Maybe his psyche just went into overload from processing flashbacks of too many traumas at once.
Would we let someone with that much emotional baggage be President today?
Lincoln Scholarship – an evolution
Writing about Lincoln is tricky, in part because today’s author must reconcile three distinct periods of Lincoln scholarship that take different slants on who he was and what he believed.
The Hunger Games & PTSD
I just finished reading Mockingjay the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy. I could say something about how Suzanne Collins kept the story moving at breakneck speed, or how immediate a story can be when told in first person (even better in present tense). I could even complain about the graphic violence, but that complaint is only valid when it’s gratuitous. Here it wasn’t. It was just the unvarnished truth about human beings. But, I digress…
More Reader Feedback
Posted in Characters, Dialog, Lincoln's Diary, Lincoln's Psychology, PTSD, Reading, Writing by DLFowler on May 12, 2011
Is it shameless self-promotion when you repeat what readers say?
Here’s what one reader said:
What a bold theme ! It takes nerve to write something like this and make readers swear it is the truth. The pace is right as is the structure. The prose is tight and the dialogues realistic.
And if that’s not enough, watch Emily’s reaction.
This video doesn’t exist |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7089 | As it is difficult to precisely set the time that a snapshot is taken, Chromatic makes an effort to pause all video and disable animation. Chromatic does this for CSS animations and transitions, as well as SVG animations and video.
CSS animations
Chromatic will pause CSS animations and reset them to their beginning state.
Some animations are used to “animate in” visible elements. To specify that Chromatic should pause the animation at the end, use the pauseAnimationAtEnd story parameter:
.add('name', () => <Story>, { chromatic: { pauseAnimationAtEnd: true } });
You can use Storybook’s parameter inheritance if you want to set the behaviour for your entire app:
// In .storybook/config.js
import { addParameters } from '@storybook/react';
// This will apply the behaviour to all stories in your Storybook
addParameters({ chromatic: { pauseAnimationAtEnd: true } });
JS animations
Chromatic cannot disable JavaScript driven animations, so we advise disabling such animations manually for Chromatic builds. One way to do that is using isChromatic:
// In .storybook/config.js
import isChromatic from 'storybook-chromatic/isChromatic';
if (isChromatic()) {
// The exact method to do this will depend on your animation techniques.
AnimationLibrary.disable = true;
Animations that cannot be disabled
If you cannot disable animations (for example if disabling JS animations is difficult), you can use a delay to allow the animation to complete before taking the snapshot.
Alternatively, use an ignore region to stop Chromatic from considering such parts of your component. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7091 | Splunk® Enterprise
Search Reference
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Download topic as PDF
Replaces field values with the values that you specify.
Replaces a single occurrence of the first string with another string in the specified fields. If you do not specify a one or more fields, the value is replaced in all fields.
Required arguments
Syntax: <string>
Description: Specify one or more field values and their replacements. You can use wildcard characters to match one or multiple terms.
Optional arguments
Syntax: <string> ...
Description: Specify a comma or space delimited list of one or more field names for the field value replacements. To replace values on _internal fields, you must specify the field name with the IN <fieldname> clause.
The replace command is a distributable streaming command. See Command types.
Non-wildcard replacement values specified later take precedence over those replacements specified earlier. For a wildcard replacement, fuller matches take precedence over lesser matches. To assure precedence relationships, you are advised to split the replace into two separate invocations. When using wildcard replacements, the result must have the same number of wildcards, or none at all. Wildcards ( * ) can be used to specify many values to replace, or replace values with.
1. Replace a value in all fields
Change any host value that ends with "localhost" to simply "localhost" in all fields.
... | replace *localhost WITH localhost
2. Replace a value in a specific field
Replace an IP address with a more descriptive name in the host field.
... | replace WITH localhost IN host
3. Change the value of two fields
Replaces the values in the start_month and end_month fields. You can separate the names in the field list with spaces or commas.
... | replace aug WITH August IN start_month end_month
4. Change the order of values in a field
In the host field, change the order of string values that contain the word localhost so that the string "localhost" precedes the other strings.
... | replace "* localhost" WITH "localhost *" IN host
5. Replace multiple values in a field
Replace the values in a field with more descriptive names. Separate the value replacements with comma.
... | replace 0 WITH Critical, 1 WITH Error IN msg_level
6. Replace empty strings
Search for an error message and replace empty strings with a whitespace.
This example will not work unless you have values that are actually the empty string, which is not the same as not having a value.
"Error exporting to XYZ :" | rex "Error exporting to XYZ:(?.*)" | replace "" WITH " " IN errmsg
7: Replace values in an internal field
Replace values of the internal field _time.
sourcetype=* | head 5 | eval _time="XYZ" | stats count BY _time | replace *XYZ* WITH *ALL* IN _time
See also
fillnull, rename
Have questions? Visit Splunk Answers and see what questions and answers the Splunk community has using the replace command.
Thank you for this feedback. I have updated the description and the example to explain that either commas or spaces can be used in the <field-list>. Really appreciate you taking the time to point this out!
Lstewart splunk, Splunker
August 5, 2019
Woodcock - The reason that fillnull is in the "See also" list is because one of the examples shows how to fill in empty values. The filldown command does not apply here.
Lstewart splunk, Splunker
August 5, 2019
The doc above says "field-list" is "a space delimited list of one or more field names", which works, however Splunk's own error message specifies a comma separated list:
Error in 'replace' command: Usage: replace [orig_str WITH new_str]+ [IN field1, field2, ...].
which also seems to work. Should the docs reflect both spaces and commas as valid delimiters?
July 22, 2019
If "fillnull" is in "See Also", then "filldown" should be, too. A global check in all "See Also" sections should be done to verify that any where that either exists, both exist.
September 9, 2017
The "rename" command should be in the "See Also" section. They are very similar: one changes the field "name", the other changes the field "value".
September 9, 2017
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7102 | How To Successfully DIY Your Pet Brand Part 2: Hierarchy & White Space
Hierarchy and White Space
Both are topics often overlooked when it comes to building a reputable and cohesive brand. Both are also essential to the organization of your website and other visuals, such as social media graphics, packaging, and print material.
Let’s get to it, shall we?
[In case you missed it, this post is part 2 of Dox Design’s branding series on how to successfully DIY your pet brand! Make sure to read Part 1: Colors & Fonts here first.]
First, let’s define what hierarchy and white space even are:
Hierarchy: As defined by MicroArts, your brand hierarchy, otherwise known as your brand architecture, “defines the different levels within your brand and provides a hierarchy that explains the relationships” between every component of your business, including your products, services, blog posts, or values. Essentially, by utilizing a hierarchy within your brand, you’re calling out different pieces of information in a strategic way and directing your viewers or readers through the content.
White Space: White Space is essentially the area inside, between, surrounding, and behind design elements (and no, it doesn’t have to actually be ‘white’).
Why Are These Two So Important?
1. It’s not enough to get people on your website. It then becomes your job to direct your viewers and potential customers in a way that moves them through your funnel to become a client or customer. You do this through the hierarchy.
2. Without effective use of white space, you can easily piece together a TON of information, which can become overwhelming for your audience. We see a lot of pet business websites out there jam-packed with information because often times, we just want to pour out EVERYTHING we can in order to convince people to buy from us. But, your information becomes convoluted when it’s so tightly compiled on a website. White space allows you to not only look more elegant and modern as a brand but also relaxes the reader into enjoying your business’ online presence.
Components Of Effective Hierarchy
Color & Contrast
In order to direct people’s eyes where you want them to go, color and contrast is the way to go! After all, if you were looking at 100 blue pencils, they’d all look the same to you. Now imagine 99 blue pencils and 1 bright yellow pencil. Which pencil out of the 100 would you notice first? Probably yellow. This also relates to contrast. If you draw attention towards something that’s significantly different than everything else in an effective way, you’ll call people to that item. For example, you could switch up and bold a font or include a dramatic shift in color.
Size & Scale
Why is size so important? For the most part, larger objects will draw your attention over smaller objects. Think about it – your banner images on your website or your flyer header will typically have larger typography compared to the rest of the content, right?? That’s on purpose. It’s the first thing people see, which means it’s important and needs to draw attention quickly. Closely related to size, scale is essentially the size of an object in relation to the other object. By comparing the two, you’re able to create importance in the larger object.
Aligning your visuals is an extremely effective way to strategically guide viewers through your website, packaging, copy, graphics, etc. in the way you want them to. For example, if you are outlining your process for your dog walking business, you may have columns that allow people to start with the first column and read them in the proper numerical order. That’s a strategic flow in alignment.
Proximity & Spacing
Both proximity and spacing have to do with where you actually place each text, graphic, or visual on your medium. Using these components allows you to distinguish one group from another. For example, by grouping together a header, body text, and button with one another, you’re assuming that the button goes with what the header and body text describe. Piecing these close together is on purpose. By increasing your spacing from one group to another, you’re letting your viewers know that it’s something completely different or something new.
How To Utilize White Space
Step 1: Increase your line spacing
It’s easier to read for your viewers and looks way more professional.
Step 2: Use fonts the right way
It’s one thing to pick out your fonts. It’s another thing to actually use them properly. Make sure you’re adding in contrast with your fonts. We talked about this in Part 1 of DIY Your Brand series here.
Step 3: Don’t Be Afraid To Separate Things That Are Important
By having something stand alone, you’re able to draw attention and importance it. Sometimes, less is more and white space definitely helps you achieve that.
How Do I Know If I’m Doing This Right?
The best thing you can do if you’re DIYing your brand is to get some website testers. We suggest asking people who are unfamiliar with your business to look through your website or flyer or whatever item you’re testing. You will want to ask them what they notice first, second, third, etc. Don’t tell them exactly what you’re looking for here because you want them to use the website as if they were a potential customer or client! We also recommend testing several unrelated people to allow you to see what is standing out and what might need more attention.
From there, go back to the above components of hierarchy and white space and try to piece together WHAT you want to get across through your content or website. This blog post will serve as a guide as you get more strategic in your brand visuals placement.
Stay tuned for Part 3 on How to Successfully DIY Your Brand! In the meantime, if you need any extra help or want some feedback on your hierarchy or white space, head on over to the Dox Design Facebook Group and we’ll be sure to support you.
Want to stay updated on all our blog posts so you know when part 3 is released? Bookmark this page and check back next month to see part 3!
This Could Be You! |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7111 | When I create a newsletter using the Simplenews module and save it, I don't see the author name and date created in the node. However, when I send email, it contains author name as a link and date and time of creation + 'html' as shown.
rktaxali Thu, 05/19/2016 - 11:42 html
Unsubscribe from this newsletter
Any suggestion, how to remove the author name and date row from email?
On a similar note, the email also includes the node title twice in the body of the email, e.g.
Quarterly News Letter
Quarterly News Letter
This is sample newsletter sent by the simplenews module ...
Any suggestion, how to remove the two repeating lines at the top of the email?
I would suggest you two options:
1. You can put node.tpl.php specific to your simplenews content-type and remove the unnecessary content from it.
2. Add css file specific to the mailing system. I use mimemail system, so I did the following:
function THEME_NAME_preprocess_mimemail_message(&$variables) { drupal_add_css(drupal_get_path('theme', 'THEME_NAME').'/css/mail.css'); }
In the mail.css, you can hide those fields using display:none;
Your Answer
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7114 | Moffat Town Hall Re-development Trust - South West (Ayrshire, Dumfries & Galloway)
Established 2008
See links below for further information.
Become a member of Scotland's fastest growing regeneration network
The Network
Questions on governance, finance, ownership?
Our dedicated DTAS team are here to help
Saving You Money
If product, please enter |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7116 | Podcast: Lights for Liberty, a Vigil for Human Rights at the Border – w/Ricann Bock & Gloria Bonelli
Activists Ricann Bock and Gloria Bonelli talk about the humanitarian crisis at the border, its implications locally and nationally, and their role in a nationwide day of action to protest the Trump administration’s border policies.
Thank you for reading! You can help support our independent media project by becoming a Patron on Patreon.com, where for as little as a dime a day you can access exclusive audio podcast & written content! Just click the logo!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7118 | Electrostatic Oiling Machines
Reliable and rigid construction of DUMA-BANDZINK oiling machines guarantee constant high-quality results for the steel and aluminium industry. We cover all areas of electrostatic oiling – from regular, cost-efficient machines for applying rust-protective oils via specially developed machines for the application of different special oils, including Drylube up to special machines for micro-oiling in the aluminium industry. All machines offer flexible handling of strip speed and oil layer quantities.
In addition, existing older DUMA oiling machines can be modernized to fulfill newest standards and state-of-the-art technical requirements.
SMSgroup Image SMSgroup Image SMSgroup Image SMSgroup Image
High Voltage
PLC-controlled; electronic high voltage transformers are mounted directly on top of the oiling machine and operate according to oil layer an strip speed.
Locking system
The new locking system is equipped with an electronic safety switch and a special key system which cut off the high voltage feed automatically in case the machine has to be entered for maintenance or adjustments.
Spray bars
Our current spray bar type with integrated heating is designed to apply present day oil layers of less than 0.5 g/sqm.
Dosing pumps
Today, dosing pumps are controlled via servo drives and cannot be adjusted manually any longer (constant dosing pumps). Electronic dosage of the dosing pumps in a wide range eliminates adjustment errors and has significant technical and environmental advantages due to precise oil layer adjustment and less oil consumption.
Oil return
By integrating a new sump tank system including pump, valve blocks and return filters, the oil types are separated and returned back into the respective working tank. That implies less mixed oil and pure oil types. DUMA-BANDZINK inspects your oiling machine to determine the status quo and to suggest a modification that suits your requirements. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7128 | The Sun Is Pissed Off
Run for your lives!
Massive solar flare hits Earth tonight
NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured the flare in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength of 193 Angstroms – although the SDO imager was for a moment overwhelmed by the bright flash.
A flare of this size could have noticeable effects on Earth when the cloud of charged particles reaches us. It’s possible that radio transmissions and GPS systems could be knocked out, and power grids could be affected.
See also:
Sun Erupts with Enormous X2 Solar Flare
Solar flare 2011: How a dazzling display can wreak electrical havoc
Here comes the sun: Solar flares make way to Earth
Biggest Solar Flares in 4 Years Heading Toward Earth
Scientists await arrival of solar flares
Planet awaits largest solar flare effects today
Giant Solar Blast Headed for Earth
Solar flares due to hit Earth
Sun has biggest solar flare of the year
Solar flare could light up night sky
Solar flare could cause Northern Lights over New England
Is Class X flash first warning of 2012 solar storm?
So, if your power goes out or your electronics go haywire, you’ll know why, the Earth is getting a solar spanking. And if a solar flare can disrupt the power grid, it kind of makes you wonder what kind of radiation dose humans are taking.
/in any case, don’t forget to duck |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7158 | And so, we have arrived as (planned) at a parting of the ways
So, what’s been happening in my little experiment? I have a few less than ideal things to tell about my own experience learning along with my students, but I’ll save that news for later. And besides, I think I have that all worked out.
Without going into the details of each lesson, here has been the structure overall
Week 1: Everyone did the same work, exercises, activities.
A mix of getting to know you, orientation, etc.
Week 2: Everyone did the same work, exercises, activities.
A bunch of stuff happened.
Week 3: I dropped the bomb
Everyone started with a common discussion and other work, then I started releasing them to more independent work. I set up short orientation readings and prep work for two entirely different tasks. The whole class read both sets of instructions and materials.
1. Half the class did an online Nation Vocabulary size test and then a free vocabulary size test from V-Check. Gotta know your baseline if you are going to set some goals, right?
2. The other half of the class did an online Extensive Reading placement test.
The vocabulary test takes longer so once Group 1 were all set and working away, Group 2 had found their levels. So, I left the room.
Well, not by myself.
I took the ER group upstairs to select books. Possible with a group of 12 or 14, but just barely, but not a whole class. And, I just left the Vocabulary test students to do their work. I said, “Hey. We’ll be back soon, just keep going.” A few looks like, “Whut?” But by the time we got back they had all completed and logged (Google Forms) at least one test and some had completed both.
Wrapped up by pairing them off and having the ER group show off their new books, and the Vocabulary people groan about the tests.
Homework: Flip. So, the Vocabulary people had a slow class but easy homework. And, the ER group had a more “fun” class, but homework that was work. Life isn’t always fair but it all comes out in the wash eventually.
What was the point of this?
• I needed to manage resources–space in the self-access center.
• I wanted to introduce the idea early that I wouldn’t always be around to help.
• The whole class didn’t do the same thing or study the same way. We did two different things. And, some of them did them on their own.
My sinister plot was beginning to take shape…
Week 4: Three, three choices!
Sesame Street's Count von Count holds up three fingers in his new "Number of the Day" segment, in the show's 33rd season. [PNG Merlin Archive]
You see where I’m going with this. In Weeks 1 and 2 everyone got used to Google Sites and Forms, and Quizlet, and some brief self-assessment. And, we got to know each other a bit, too. And we got everyone started with tools like Quizlet. In Week 3, we gathered some self-assessment data about vocabulary and started ER. So, we had tools for reading, vocabulary, and monitoring.
Week 4 was listening skills. I set up three different online listening choices: more fluency and expression centered at a higher level, content and vocabulary focussed news, and something very easy and basic.
Hey everybody. Pick one. Use it. We’re in computer room with decent headphones. And, while you do, your teacher will watch and see how everyone goes about it. Who really engages with the tasks, and who still needs a little more coaching. Then, come back do the obvious, “What did you listen to?” But, also some ratings about ease and interest. Try to get everyone on something they like. Get some recommendations, and try again.
I asked for feedback (as we do every week) and specifically asked for them to comment on this “everybody do their own thing” mode of learning. How did this go over? Just swimmingly, of course. They are first-year students right out of high school. Everything new in university is new. Shiny! Isn’t it great! (Actually, they seem like a pretty nice bunch of students who are interested and interesting.)
Feedback questions like “How do you like this new thing?” pretty much deliver positive feedback. We’ll get to some requests for specifically negative comments in a later class, but for now. Here is about the worst I got.
“I think today’s class is not easy.
I am not good at English, so I need help!”
Some of this is false-beginner and very common language anxiety. But, she does need help. I do some very brief pre- and post- class “How are you doing?” (Not so much how was class?) And, this learner needs help. That’s OK. She knows and I know. And, I hope she will know that I know.
Now here is why I asked for comment in any language.
Pardon my translation, but something like:
“We did different things, so I didn’t have anyone to turn to to ask when I didn’t understand and I think that was hard. But, you I had to think on my own, so I guess I was forced to think.”
OK. I cherry picked the best semi-negative comment. But, there it is. That’s the goal.
Week 5 (tomorrow): Everyone picks what they are going to study and how (within reason, and with some guidance, and after some appropriate warm up and shared discussion.)
But, we’re on our way. In a few weeks, I hope to have a group of learners who are comfortable in a class where they make many decisions about their own learning. Then, comes the real challenge–making better decisions, harder decisions, and trying to keep track of it all.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7172 | Tue May 01, 2018 3:26
More American, French Military Convoys Arrive in Northern Syria
TEHRAN (FNA)- The US and France have dispatched new military convoys to the town of Manbij, North-East of Aleppo province as tensions go high in the region, a media outlet reported on Tuesday.
Orient news website reported that the American and French forces have deployed near Sajour River Northwest of the town of Manbij in Northeastern Aleppo.
Also, other sources reported that the Kurdish militias have been put on alert in the town of Manbij and have started to set up more checkpoints in and outside the town.
In the meantime, local sources in the town of al-Bab reported that the US and French forces have deployed in a region between the Kurdish positions and the regions held by the Turkey-led Euphrates Shield forces.
In a similar development last week, several units of France's Special Forces arrived in the Kurdish-controlled areas in Hasaka province in Northeastern Syria as foreign military troops are intensifying their movements in the region.
The French troops entered the US base in Ramilan region which is controlled by Kurdish fighters in Hasaka province, field sources said.
The sources pointed to the increased military movements of the French forces from Iraq to Syria, and said that the French troops in their military vehicles accompanied by American soldiers patrolled several districts in Manbij, Raqqa and some regions of Deir Ezzur.
Bottom top
Trump’s Refugee Ban Is Expanding
CBI: Iran’s Foreign Exchange Reserves Enough to Counter Turbulence
Rona Named Best Film at ÍRÁN:CI
Iran's Company Launches 1st PIMS System in Oil Industry
Croatian Boss Dismisses Anti-Iran Excuses
Minister: Iran to Decode Ukrainian Plane Black Box
Iranian Border Guards Seize 77 tons of Narcotics in 10 Months
ICT Minister: Iran to Orbit Zafar Satellite before February 11
Iranian FM: Trump Never Satiated Even after Drinking Up Europe's Integrity
Iran, Oman Underline Expansion of Strategic Ties
Iran Raps South Korea’s Military Presence in Persian Gulf
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7173 | Swing High, Swing Low (film)
Swing High, Swing Low is a 1937 American romantic comedy drama film directed by Mitchell Leisen and starring Carole Lombard and Fred MacMurray.[1][2]
Swing High, Swing Low
Swinghigh poster.jpg
Theatrical poster
Directed byMitchell Leisen
Produced byArthur Hornblow, Jr.
Written byVirginia Van Upp
Oscar Hammerstein II
StarringCarole Lombard
Fred MacMurray
Music byPhil Boutelje
Victor Young
CinematographyTed Tetzlaff
Edited byEda Warren
Paramount Pictures
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release date
• March 12, 1937 (1937-03-12)
Running time
92 minutes
82 minutes (DVD)
CountryUnited States
It is the second film adaptation of the popular Broadway play Burlesque by George Manker Watters and Arthur Hopkins (after The Dance of Life (1929) and before When My Baby Smiles at Me (1948)).
Working her way as a hairdresser on board a liner traveling through the Panama Canal Zone, Maggie King brushes off a brash young soldier, "Skid" Johnson, on his last day in the Army. However, he is persistent, and the next day she and her friend Ella reluctantly go on a double date with him and his piano player friend Harry in Balboa. In a nightclub, she expresses her distaste of trumpet music, whereupon he impresses her with his amazing prowess with the instrument. When a man tries to pick her up at the bar, he and Skid end up brawling, which lands Skid and Maggie in jail. As a result, Maggie misses her ship back to the States.
With no money left after helping pay the fine, she is forced to move in with Skid and Harry. She talks a skeptical Murphy (a woman) into hiring the unambitious Skid and her as a trumpet player and showgirl, respectively, at "Murphy's Cafe y Bar" by telling Murphy that they are married. She clashes with fellow showgirl Anita Alvarez, Skid's former girlfriend, but Anita soon leaves for a better job. Maggie and Skid eventually fall in love and do marry.
She prods the reluctant Skid into going to New York City to play in a major nightclub, leaving her behind. She finds out afterward that Anita works there. He is a big success, teamed with songstress Anita. Fame and fortune go to his head. He neglects to send Maggie the fare to join him and does not answer her letters. Finally Maggie borrows the money from Murphy. Anita intercepts her telegram to Skid, telling him where to meet her boat. After waiting at the pier for a long time, Maggie calls Anita's hotel room on a hunch, and a drunk Skid answers (Anita invited him in for a nightcap after a night on the town together). Maggie divorces him. Ella finds out and tells her old boyfriend, wealthy rancher Harvey Howell. Mary plans to sail to France to obtain a divorce and marry Harvey.
Skid is so devastated, he starts drinking and missing performances, costing him his job and his career. Finally, he tries to reenlist, but fails the physical exam. Then, he runs into Harry, who has been searching for him. Harry has gotten a band together for a live radio performance to audition for an important sponsor and (to help his old friend out) wants Skid to play with them. Skid's old agent Georgie tries to get Maggie, just returned from France, to pull Skid into shape. She rushes over and does her best. During the broadcast, Skid is terrible at first, but after Maggie tells him that she is sticking to him "til death do us part", he recaptures his old brilliance.
Frank Nugent, critic for The New York Times, wrote "'Swing High, Swing Low,' like most Ferris wheels, doesn't go anywhere—at least, nowhere that you have not been. Its players really are worthy of better treatment."[1]
In 1965, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication.[3]
Swing High, Swing Low was released on DVD (all regions) by Synergy Entertainment on May 15, 2007.
1. ^ a b Nugent, Frank S. (April 15, 1937). "Movie Review: Swing High, Swing Low (1937)". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
2. ^ Malcolm, Derek (May 18, 2000). "Mitchell Leisen: Swing High, Swing Low". The Guardian. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Do you recall Swing High, Swing Low, Easy Living, or Remember the Night? Probably not. They were made by Mitchell Leisen, who worked through the 30s, 40s and 50s and was never considered a major director. But looking at his films now, you can see at least a minor master.
3. ^ Pierce, David (June 2007). "Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain". Film History: An International Journal. 19 (2): 125–43. doi:10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 25165419. OCLC 15122313.
External linksEdit |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7176 | New Wave music
New Wave
Stylistic origins Punk rock, art rock,[1][2] garage rock,[3] glam rock, pub rock, ska, funk, electronic music, bubblegum,[4][5] disco[6][7][8]
Cultural origins Mid to late 1970s, United Kingdom and United States
Typical instruments Electric guitar – bass guitar – drums – synthesizers – vocals
Mainstream popularity Late 1970s to mid 1980s;[9] revival in 2000s and 2010s[10][11]
Derivative forms Neue Deutsche Welle – Suomi-rock[12]New RomanticismSynthpopMod revivalChillwave[13]
Fusion genres
Synthpunk2 ToneElectroclash – Nu Rave
Regional scenes
Argentina[14] – Finland – FranceGermany – Italy – Spain – United Kingdom – United States – Yugoslavia
Other topics
Post-punkAlternative rock
New Wave is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the mid to late 1970s alongside punk rock. The term at first generally was synonymous with punk rock before being considered a genre in its own right that incorporated aspects of electronic and experimental music, mod subculture, disco and 1960s pop music. New Wave, as a term, has been used to describe all post-punk rock music, yet, it distances itself from other post-punk movements as it displays characteristics common to pop music, rather than the more "arty" post-punk.[15]
As a genre, it incorporates much of the original punk rock sound and ethos, such as an emphasis on short and punchy songs,[7][16] yet, it is characterized by greater complexity in both music and lyrics. Common characteristics of New Wave music, aside its punk influences, include the usage of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as a great amount of diversity.[17] As a term, New Wave is often used to describe music which was quirky and eccentric, yet also catchy and pop at heart, incorporating clear melodious hooks. In such a way, its style varies greatly, ranging from 1950s and 60s rock revivalism, ska and reggae-styled music, to synthpop-oriented dance.[18]
New Wave is seen as one of the definitive genres of the 1980s;[19] at the time, it enjoyed commercial success as several of the major arists and groups of the time were labelled New Wave. The genre became a fixture on MTV,[20][21] and the popularity of several New Wave artists has been partially attributed to the exposure that was given to them by the channel.[22] Despite commercial success in the 1980s, it was criticised by some at the time for its particular style and music.[23] The genre started to fade out by c. 1984, yet, it never truly died, and it enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a "nostalgia" for New Wave swept across the music scene, causing several artists to be influenced by the genre.[24] The revivals in the 1990s and early 2000s were small, but became popular by 2004; subsequently, the genre has been influential on the indie rock movement.[10][11][25][26][27][28]
The term "New Wave" itself has been a source of much confusion and controversy. It was used in 1976 in the UK by punk fanzines such as Sniffin' Glue, and then by the professional music press.[29] In a November 1976 article in Melody Maker, Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLaren's term "New Wave" to designate music by bands not exactly punk, but related to, and part of the same musical scene;[30] the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray, while writing about The Boomtown Rats.[31] For a period of time in 1976 and 1977 the two terms were interchangeable.[9][32] By the end of 1977, "New Wave" had replaced "Punk" as the definition for new underground music in the UK.[29]
In the United States, Sire Records needed a term by which it could market its newly signed bands, who had frequently played the club CBGB. Because radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, they settled on the term "New Wave". Like the filmmakers of the French New Wave movement whom the genre was named after, its new artists, such as the Ramones and Talking Heads, were anti-corporate and experimental. At first most American writers exclusively used the term "New Wave" to describe British punk acts. Starting in December 1976, The New York Rocker, which was suspicious of the term "punk," became the first American journal to enthusiastically use the term starting with British acts, and later appropriating it to acts associated with the CBGB scene.[29]
Talking Heads performing in Toronto in 1978.
Music historian Vernon Joynson states that New Wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, when many bands began disassociating themselves from punk.[33] Music that followed the anarchic garage band ethos of the Sex Pistols was distinguished as "punk", while music that tended toward experimentation, lyrical complexity, or more polished production, came to be categorized as "New Wave". This came to include musicians who had come to prominence in the British pub rock scene of the mid-1970s, such as Ian Dury, Nick Lowe, Eddie and the Hot Rods and Dr. Feelgood;[34] and according to Allmusic "angry, intelligent" singer-songwriters who "approached pop music with the sardonic attitude and tense, aggressive energy of punk" such as Elvis Costello, Joe Jackson, and Graham Parker.[35] In the U.S., the first New Wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB, such as Talking Heads, Mink DeVille and Blondie.[10] CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, "I think of that as the beginning of new wave."[36] Furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed New Wave. A 1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name (New Wave) features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads and The Runaways.[10][37]
The New Wave sound of this era represented a break from the smooth-oriented blues and rock & roll sounds of late 1960s to mid 1970s rock music. According to music journalist Simon Reynolds, the music had a twitchy, agitated feel to it. New Wave musicians often played choppy rhythm guitars with fast tempos. Keyboards were common as were stop-and-start song structures and melodies. Reynolds noted that New Wave vocalists sounded high-pitched, geeky and suburban.[16]
Power pop, a genre that started before punk at the very beginning of the 1970s, became associated with New Wave at the end of the decade because their brief catchy songs fit into the mood of the era. The Romantics, The Records, The Motors,[10] Cheap Trick, and 20/20 were groups that had success playing this style.[38] Helped by the success of power pop groups such as The Knack, skinny ties became fashionable among New Wave musicians.[9]
A revival of ska music led by The Specials, Madness and the The Beat/English Beat added humor and a strong dance beat to New Wave.[3]
Later still, "New Wave" came to imply a less noisy, often synthesizer-based, pop sound. The term post-punk was coined to describe groups such as Gang of Four, Joy Division, The Cure, and Siouxsie and the Banshees that were initially considered part of the New Wave but were more ambitious, serious and challenging, darker, and less pop oriented. Some of these groups would later adopt synths.[39][40] Although distinct, punk, New Wave, and post-punk all shared common ground: an energetic reaction to what they perceived as the overproduced, uninspired popular music of the 1970s.[41]
Allmusic explained that New Wave's stylistic diversity occurred because New Wave "retained the fresh vigor and irreverence of punk music, as well as a fascination with electronics, style, and art". This diversity extended to the numerous one hit wonders that came out of the genre.[43][44]
The term fell out of favour in the United Kingdom during the early 1980s because its usage had become too general.[10] Conventional wisdom holds that the genre "died" in the middle of the 1980s. Theo Cateforis, Assistant Professor of Music History and Cultures at Syracuse University, contends New Wave "receded" during this period when advances in synthesizer technology caused New Wave groups and mainstream pop and rock groups to sound more alike.[9]
MTV brought a "image is everything" mantra to New Wave during the 1980s. New Wave men put eyeliners on and New Wave women wore pants. Pants were tucked inside boots. Lingerie was worn on the outside, and sequined gloves were popular. Hair was dyed red, gold and green[45].
Related movements in Europe
In Finland in the wake of Punk and New Wave the Suomi-Rock phenomenon occurred. Eppu Normaali were the seminal act of this phenomenon.[12] During the late 1970s and early 1980s in Amsterdam a movement that mixed the post punk and New Wave early 1980s emerged called Ultra which was an abbreviation for ultra modern. More garage oriented New Wave became popular in Holland during the late 1980s. Clan of Xymox and Minny Pops became successful abroad and contributed to the maturation of Dutch Alternative Pop.[46]
The New Romantic scene had developed in the London nightclubs Billy's and The Blitz and was associated with bands including Duran Duran, Japan, Ultravox, Visage, Adam and the Ants, Bow Wow Wow, Soft Cell, Spandau Ballet, ABC and Culture Club.[47] They adopted their visual and musical style from David Bowie and Roxy Music.[48]
Reception in the United States
In the summer of 1977 both TIME[49] and Newsweek magazines wrote favorable lead stories on the "punk/new wave" movement.[43] Acts associated with the movement received little or no radio airplay or music industry support. Small scenes developed in major cities. Continuing into the next year, public support remained limited to select elements of the artistic, bohemian and intellectual population,[29] as arena rock and disco dominated the charts.[44]
Debbie Harry from the band Blondie, performing at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, in 1977.
Starting in late 1978 and continuing into 1979, acts associated with punk and acts that mixed punk with other genres began to make chart appearances and receive airplay on rock stations. Blondie, Talking Heads, The Police and The Cars would chart during this period.[9][44] "My Sharona", a single from The Knack, was Billboard magazine's number one single of 1979. The success of "My Sharona" prompted record companies to rush out and sign New Wave groups.[9] New Wave music scenes developed in Ohio[44] and Athens, Georgia.[50] 1980 saw brief forays into New Wave-styled music by non-New Wave artists Billy Joel and Linda Ronstadt.[9] The release during this period of Gary Numan's album The Pleasure Principle would be the pop chart breakthrough for gender-bending synthpop acts with a cool, detached stage presence.[44]
Early in 1980 highly influential radio consultant Lee Abrams wrote a memo saying with a few exceptions "we're not going to be seeing many of the New Wave circuit acts happening very big over here (in America). As a movement, we don't expect it to have much influence." Lee Ferguson, a consultant to KWST interviewed at the time, said Los Angeles radio stations were banning disc jockeys from using the term and noted that "Most of the people who call music New Wave are the ones looking for a way not to play it."[51] Second albums by artists who had successful debut albums, along with the newly signed artists, both failed to sell and radio pulled most New Wave programming.[9]
The arrival of MTV in 1981 would usher in New Wave's most successful era. British artists, unlike many of their American counterparts, had learned how to use the music video early on.[44][52] Several British acts signed to independent labels were able to outmarket and outsell American artists that were signed with major labels. Journalists labeled this phenomenon a "Second British Invasion".[52][53] MTV continued its heavy rotation of videos by New Wave-oriented acts until 1987, when it changed to a heavy metal and rock dominated format.[54]
Martha Davis of The Motels performs at Hollywood Park.
In a December 1982 Gallup poll, 14% of teenagers rated New Wave music as their favorite type of music, making it the third most popular.[55] New Wave had its greatest popularity on the West Coast. Unlike other genres, race was not a factor in the popularity of New Wave music according to the poll. [55] Urban Contemporary radio stations were the first to play dance-oriented New Wave artists such as the B-52's, Culture Club, Duran Duran and ABC.[56] By this period the definition of New Wave music in the United States (and the Philippines [45]) had changed from the less rebellious, more commercial version of punk that it had been described as a few years earlier. For most of the remainder of the 1980s the term "New Wave" was used in America to describe nearly every new pop or pop rock artist that largely used synthesizers. New Wave is still used today to describe these acts, as well as late 1970s and 1980s post-punk and alternative acts.[3][57][58]
Fans, music journalists, and artists would rebel against this catch-all definition by inventing dozens of genre names.[9][44] Synthpop or "Technopop" as it was described by the U.S. press[59] which filled a void left by disco,[27] was a broad subgenre that included groups such as The Human League, Depeche Mode, Soft Cell, a-ha, New Order, Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark, Yazoo,[60] Ultravox,[44] Kajagoogoo,[61] and the Thompson Twins.[62]
New Wave soundtracks were used in mainstream "Brat Pack" films such as Valley Girl, Sixteen Candles, Pretty In Pink, and The Breakfast Club.[44][63] John Hughes, a director of several of these films, was enthralled with British New Wave Music and put music from acts such as The Psychedelic Furs, Simple Minds, and Echo and The Bunnymen into his films, helping put New Wave into the mainstream. Several of these songs remain standards of the era.[64] Critics would describe the MTV acts as shallow or vapid,[44][52] but the danceable quality of the music and quirky fashion sense associated with New Wave artists appealed to audiences.[44] The use of synthesizers by New Wave acts influenced the development of house music in Chicago and techno in Detroit. New Wave’s indie spirit would be crucial to the development of college rock and grunge/alternative rock in the latter half of the 1980s and beyond.[44] New Wave is considered part of alternative rock today.[3]
Post-1980s revivals and influence
Franz Ferdinand performing in 2006.
In 1991 retro futurist acts such as Stereolab and Saint Etienne mixed New Wave and kitschy 1960s pop.[65] In the aftermath of grunge, the British music press launched a campaign to promote the New Wave of New Wave. This campaign involved overtly punk and New Wave influenced acts such as Elastica and Smash but was eclipsed by Britpop.[10] Other acts of note during the 1990s included No Doubt, Six Finger Satellite, and Brainiac.[11][66] During that decade the synthesizer heavy dance sounds British and European New Wave acts influenced various incarnations of Eurodisco and trance.[27][44] Chris Martin was inspired to start Coldplay by a-ha.[67]
During the 2000s a number of acts emerged that mined from a diversity of New Wave and post-punk influences. Among these were The Strokes, Interpol, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Franz Ferdinand, The Epoxies, She Wants Revenge, Bloc Party, Foals, Kaiser Chiefs, and The Killers. These acts were sometimes labeled "New New Wave". By 2004 these acts were described as "hot".[25] New Wave became revived during the mid 2000s with acts such as The Sounds, The Ting Tings, The Birthday Massacre,[68] Hot Chip,[69] Cut Copy,[70][71] MGMT,[72] Passion Pit,[73] The Presets,[74] La Roux, Ladytron,[75] Shiny Toy Guns,[76] Santigold,[77][78] Hockey,[79] Gwen Stefani, Ladyhawke and Marina and the Diamonds.[11][25][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] While some journalists and fans regarded this as a revival, others argue that the phenomenon is a continuation of the original movements.[11][89][90][91]
The Drums are an example of the current trend in the United States indie pop scene that mines both the sounds and attitudes of the British New Wave Era. British group La Roux who had a number 8 single on the Billboard's Hot 100 is an example on the influence New Wave is having on indie dance.[26][27][28][92] In addition, in the late 2000s a New Wave influenced genre called Chillwave developed, and notable artists are Neon Indian, Twin Shadow and Washed Out.[93][94]
Many have claimed that daring, spunky and over-the-top fashions of today's stars such as Katy Perry and Lady Gaga channel 1980s New Wave fashion[45].
Parallel movements
See also
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2. ^ Kemp, Mark. "David Bowie: Biography". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/david-bowie/biography. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
3. ^ a b c d Essay about New Wave's definition and list of essential New Wave Records from allmusic
4. ^ Allmusic New Wave Essay by Stephen Thomas Erlewine
6. ^ "Keyboard Magazine, June 1982". Synthpunk.org. http://www.synthpunk.org/units/keyboard1.html. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
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9. ^ a b c d e f g h i The Death of New Wave Theo Cateforis Assistant Professor of Music History and Cultures in the Department of Art and Music Histories at Syracuse University 2009
10. ^ a b c d e f g Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture Page 365. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=iS4hsxKiMNgC&pg=PA365&lpg=PA365&dq=%22New+Wave+of+New+Wave%22&source=bl&ots=7-cGHGIniS&sig=x80_O5dOhyBWF3mMho65xo9jqxQ&hl=en&ei=0U63SclBjcG2B_GIiaoJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result#PPA365,M1. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
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35. ^ Album Review Look Sharp
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External links
Further Reading
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7177 | Zygosity refers to the genetic condition of a zygote. In genetics, zygosity describes the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA between homologous chromosomes at a specific allelic position or gene. The terms homozygous, heterozygous and hemizygous are used to simplify the description of the genotype of a diploid organism at a single genetic locus. At a given gene or position along a chromosome (a locus), the DNA sequence can vary among individuals in the population. The variable DNA segments are referred to as alleles, and diploid organisms generally have two alleles at each locus, one allele for each of the two homologous chromosomes. Simply stated, "homozygous" describes two identical alleles or DNA sequences at one locus, "heterozygous" describes two different alleles at one locus, and "hemizygous" describes the presence of only a single copy of the gene in an otherwise diploid organism.
Zygosity is also used to describe the genetic condition of the zygote(s) from which twins emerge, where it refers to the similarity or dissimilarity of the twins' DNA. Identical twins are "monozygotic" - they develop from one zygote (one fertilized egg that develops into two embryos). Fraternal twins are "dizygotic" - they developed separately from two zygotes (two fertilized eggs). "For a description of these terms, see twins."
An organism is referred to as being homozygous (basically meaning of the same alleles) at a specific locus when it carries two identical copies of the gene affecting a given trait on the two corresponding homologous chromosomes (e.g., the genotype is "PP" or "pp" when P and p refer to different possible alleles of the same gene). Such a cell or such an organism is called a "homozygote".
A "homozygous dominant" genotype occurs when a particular locus has two copies of the dominant allele (e.g. "PP"). A "homozygous recessive" genotype occurs when a particular locus has two copies of the recessive allele (e.g. "pp").
Pure-bred or true breeding organisms are homozygous.For example a homozygous individual could have the allele combinations PP or pp.All homozygous alleles are either allozygous or autozygous.
Allozygosity is when two alleles are alike, but unrelated. The two alleles had different ancestral alleles that through convergent evolution became similar.
Autozygosity is when two alleles are alike by relation, that is to say since they had a common ancestor, and they are similar.
An organism is a "heterozygote" or is "heterozygous" at a locus or gene when it has different alleles occupying the gene's position in each of the homologous chromosomes. In other words, it describes an individual that has 2 different alleles for a trait. In diploid organisms, the two different alleles were inherited from the organism's two parents. For example a heterozygous individual would have the allele combination Pp.
Hemizygous describes a diploid individual who has only one allele of a gene or chromosome segment rather than the usual two. A hemizygote refers to a cell or organism whose genome includes only one allele at a given locus. For organisms where the male is heterogametic, such as humans, it refers in particular to X-linked genes, since males normally possess only one X-chromosome. They are hemizygous for (nearly) all genes that are located on the X-chromosome.
In a more extreme example, male honeybees (Drones) are hemizygous organisms since they develop from unfertilized eggs and their entire genome is haploid.
Inheritance of traits
The relationship between different alleles and the phenotypes that they affect is described in Dominance relationship. Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive to another allele. In such cases, both alleles affect the phenotype of the heterozygote. Sometimes the result is an intermediate phenotype, such as when a snapdragon plant producing red flowers is crossed to one producing white flowers: the result is a heterozygous plant producing pink flowers. This is called incomplete dominance.
To symbolize how a gene is inherited, the dominant allele is indicated with an upper case character and the recessive with a lower case character. The colour of flowers in Mendel's inheritance experiments are often indicated as "PP" for the dominant homozygote, which produces a red flower, and "pp" for the recessive homozygote, which produces a white flower. When these two are crossed, the F1 or first filial generation receives one chromosome with the "P" allele from the red-flowered parent and a corresponding chromosome with the "p" allele from the white-flowered parent.All of the F1 generation are heterozygous, and this genotype is indicated with "Pp". All of the F1 plants produce red flowers, as this is the dominant allele.
Heterozygosity refers to the state of being a heterozygote. Heterozygosity can also refer to the fraction of loci within an individual that are heterozygous. In population genetics, it is commonly extended to refer to the population as a whole, i.e. the fraction of individuals in a population that are heterozygous for a particular locus.
;Observed:H_o = frac{sum_{i=1}^{n}{(1 extrm{if} a_{i1} eq a_{i2}){n}where n is the number of individuals in the population, and a_{i1},a_{i2} are the alleles of individual i at the target locus.
;Expected:H_e = 1 - sum_{i=1}^{m}{(f_i)^2}where m is the number of alleles at the target locus, and f_i is the allele frequency of the i^{th} allele at the target locus.
ee also
*dominance relationship
*Heterozygote advantage
*Nucleotide diversity measures polymorphisms on the level of nucleotides rather than on level of loci.
*Loss of heterozygosity
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Look at other dictionaries:
• zygosity — noun Etymology: probably from zygous Date: 1946 the makeup or characteristics of a particular zygote; also the genetic relationship between offspring of a single birth especially in regard to being derived from the same or different zygotes … New Collegiate Dictionary
• zygosity — /zuy gos i tee, zi /, n. Genetics. 1. the characterization of an individual s hereditary traits in terms of gene pairing in the zygote from which it developed. Cf. homozygous, heterozygous. 2. the characterization of twinning and multiple births… … Universalium
• zygosity — noun The quality or characteristics of a zygote See Also: zygose, zygosis, zygospere, zygospore, zygotene, zygotic, zygotically, zygous … Wiktionary
• zygosity — The nature of the zygotes from which individuals are derived; e.g., whether by separation of the division of one zygote (monozygotic), in which case they will be genetically identical, or from two separate fertilized ova (dizygotic). * * *… … Medical dictionary
• -zygosity — zy·gos·i·ty a word termination denoting relationship to the zygote … Medical dictionary
• zygosity — Twin development from on or two zygotes. If one, the twins are identical (monozygotic); if two, they are fraternal (dizygotic) … Forensic science glossary
• zygosity — zy·gos·i·ty … English syllables
• zygosity — zy•gos•i•ty [[t]zaɪˈgɒs ɪ ti, zɪ [/t]] n. 1) gen the characterization of a hereditary trait in an individual according to whether the gene pairs for the trait are homozygous or heterozygous 2) dvl the characterization of twins, triplets, etc.,… … From formal English to slang
• zygosity — ˈgäsəd.ē noun ( es) Etymology: New Latin zygosis + English ity : zygotic quality or characteristics : specific inheritance … Useful english dictionary
• Twin — Monozygotic ( identical ) twins A twin is one of two offspring produced in the same pregnancy.[1] Twins can either be monozygotic (in common parlance, identical ), meaning that they develop from one zygote that splits and forms two embryos, or… … Wikipedia
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7188 | Known Space
Known Space
Known Space is the fictional setting of several science fiction novels and short stories written by author Larry Niven. It has also in part been used as a shared universe in the Man-Kzin Wars spin-off anthologies sub-series.
The epithet "Known Space" is an in-universe term that refers to a relatively small part of the galaxy centered around Earth. In the future (a few centuries from now) the series depicts, this region has been explored by humans and several of its worlds have been colonized. On other worlds aliens have been encountered, contact has been made with alien species such as the two-headed Pierson's Puppeteer and the aggressive feline Kzinti. The fictional universe is also the home of species outside Known Space as such, for instance the hominid inhabitants of a megastructure called Ringworld; the Ringworld orbits a sun outside of the spatial "region" known as Known Space, but it is a well-established artifact within the Known Space "universe". The stories span approximately one thousand years of future history, from the first human explorations of the Solar System to the colonization of dozens of nearby systems. Late in the series, this area is an irregularly shaped "bubble" about 60 light-years across.
The stories that comprise the "Known Space" series were originally conceived as two separate series, the "Belter" stories, featuring solar-system colonization and slower-than-light travel with fusion-powered Bussard ramjet ships, and the Neutron Star/Ringworld series of stories, set much further into the future, which feature Faster-than-light ships using "hyperdrive". The two timelines were implicitly joined by Niven in the story "A Relic of the Empire," in which the background elements of the Slaver civilization (introduced in "World of Ptavvs," from the Belter series) was used as a plot element of a story in the faster-than-light setting. Roughly 300 years separates the timeline of the last stories of the early setting (which are set roughly between 2000 and 2350), from the earliest stories in the later Neutron-Star/Ringworld setting (which are set in 2651 ("Neutron Star") and later). In the late 1980s, Niven opened up this gap in the known space timeline as a shared universe, and the stories of the Man-Kzin Wars volumes fill in that history, joining the two settings.
*Kzinti: large and very aggressive feline aliens with whom humans fight several brutal interstellar wars. Kzinti tactics are somewhat cat-like in nature, 'Scream and leap' being the primary mode of attack. The first Man-Kzin war ended when the humans obtained the Faster-Than-Light drive, the Kzinti ships stood no chance against FTL-drive warships. Throughout the rest of the wars with man, the Kzinti tended to always attack before they were ready, and subsequently lost each and every one of them. As a result of this most of their empire was lost; in the peace treaties colonies and slave planets were ceded to man or given independence. In "Ringworld" it is revealed that this was in part due to clandestine meddling by the Pierson's Puppeteers. They saw in the aggressive Kzinti a major threat, and orchestrated the events that led to the human FTL armada, ensuring the human victory of the first war. Each of these Kzinti defeats eliminated the most aggressive individuals from the Kzinti gene pool and thus made the Kzinti more "manageable" from a Puppeteer point of view. By the time "Ringworld" takes place, Kzinti are able to deal with other races diplomatically, rather than by attacking and eating them. Female Kzinti are not sapient, although among the archaic Kzinti found on the Ringworld some are. The protagonist Louis Wu thinks this indicates the Kzinti in Known Space have bred intelligence out of their females.
Niven himself wrote little about the Man-Kzin wars, although many of his stories refer to them having taken place in the past. The "Man-Kzin Wars" short-story collections were primarily written by other authors. The Kzinti "crossed-over" in to the "Star Trek" universe in the animated episode "The Slaver Weapon", which was written by Larry Niven and is adapted from Niven's own short story "The Soft Weapon."
* Pierson's Puppeteers: a technologically advanced race of three-legged, twin-necked herbivores descended from herd animals, and noted for their so-called cowardice. Their commercial empire directly and indirectly controls events throughout Known Space and beyond, and Puppeteer plots are behind many of the larger events in Known Space.
*Outsiders: fragile aliens shaped like cats o' nine tails that, according to "Ringworld", probably evolved on a cold, low gravity world like Nereid. They mostly live on big ships, crossing the interstellar space in sublight velocities (according to "A Gift From Earth", they find hyperspace vulgar), trading in information and technology. It was the Outsiders that sold humans the FTL drive, on a stop to We Made It. The Outsider ships' paths between the stars are determined by the starseeds, which they for some unknown reason seem to follow. The starseed are gigantic, non-sentient space-dwelling animals that travel from the galactic core to the rim by their solar sails. At the rim they lay their eggs, then travel the 50,000 light years back to the core.
*Pak: interstellar ancestors of humanity whose life-cycle mimics the stages of human aging. A Pak who reaches the age of 30 to 45 years may become a 'Protector' of his descendants. In the novel "Protector", Protectors are described as xenophobic, violent, very intelligent and driven only by the fierce instinct to protect their descendants. This instinct drove them to commit genocide on several planets where they tried to establish colonies, since every other sentient species was considered a potential threat to their offspring. When the Protectors reappear in "The Ringworld Engineers" and its sequels, they claim to have constructed the Ringworld.
*Kdatlyno: a slave species of the Kzinti until humans free them. Kdatlyno "see" by way of sonar and create sculptures intended to be "seen" by Kdatlyno, but (when they have been advised on color and textureFact|date=July 2008) which can be seen and felt by other species, such as humans and puppeteers.
*Pierin: A slave species of the Kzinti. At the time of their conquest, they occupied several planets near p Eridani. No description is given, but the Ringworld RPG suggests they resemble horned birds and that their homeworld has low gravity. Presumably freed by humans, but this is not attested.
*Chunquen: A slave species of the Kzinti, remarkable to their captors for the sentience of both sexes. ("They fought constantly.") Their homeworld is watery; they resisted the Kzinti invasion with missiles fired from submarine shipsFact|date=July 2008. Apparently exterminated before the Kzinti first encountered humans.
*Thrintun: an ancient species that ruled a big empire, including the region of Known Space, through telepathic mind control about 1.5 billion years ago. A technology created by one of their slave races was the stasis field, which makes its contents impervious to harm and provides indefinite suspended animation, which has figured in several Known Space stories. Thrintun were small (approximately 1.25 meters tall), highly telepathic but not particularly intelligent (with their mind control, they did not need to be), reptilian, with green scaly skin, pointed teeth, and a single eye.
*Tnuctipun: an apparently extinct ancient race of small carnivores contemporaneous with and enslaved by the Thrintun. They were known for their technological prowess, especially in genetic engineering. They secretly planned and executed the revolution to overthrow their Thrintun masters using many of their creations. When it appeared that the revolt would succeed, the Thrintun elders built and used a psychic amplifier that forced every sentient being in the galaxy to commit suicide, the signal repeating for centuries. The thrint that survived the revolt died out when all their slave races were dead.
*Bandersnatchi: colossal slug-like creatures, originally created by the Tnuctipun to be grown as a food source by the Thrintun. Believed by the Thrintun to be unintelligent, the Bandersnatchi were engineered by the Tnuctipun to be highly intellight spies for their war on the Thrintun. At one time found on every Thrint estate throughout the Thrintun empire, the only known survivors in Known Space are on the planet Jinx, though they are later found on the Ringworld and on a forested planet called Beanstalk (in the Man-Kzin Wars story "Hey Diddle Diddle"). The bandersnatchi were the only intelligent species which were immune to the Thrint mental power.
*Trinocs: named for their three eyes; they also have three fingers, and a triangular mouth. Methane breathersFact|date=July 2008 and culturally paranoid, at least by human standards. First encountered by Louis Wu in the short story "There is a Tide".
* Martians: primitive but intelligent humanoids who lived beneath the sands. Martians burst into flames when brought in contact with water. Martians killed many of the early human explorers on Mars, principally because they concealed their existence, and they weren't suspected. In the novel "Protector", the Martians were wiped out when Jack Brennan caused an ice asteroid to crash into the surface of Mars, raising the average humidity content of the atmosphere. Some Martians still exist on the "Map of Mars" on the Ringworld.
*Jotoki: sentient starfish-shaped beings formed by the joining of the lobes of five non-sentient eel-like life forms into a single brain. Former rulers of an interstellar empire, they used Kzinti as bodyguards, but the Kzinti took over the Jotoki empire and built their own upon it, making the Jotoki slaves and food animals.
* Morlocks: semi-sentient humanoid cave dwellers on Wunderland. They, like humans, descended from a failed attempt by Pak Protectors to colonize Sol and nearby star systemsFact|date=July 2008. Named by humans for the creatures in H.G. Wells' "The Time Machine".
* Whrloo: Meter tall insectoids with long eyestalksFact|date=July 2008, their homeworld has low gravity with a thick, high density atmosphere. They never saw the stars until they were enslaved by the Kzinti.
Also figuring in some stories are dolphins and other intelligent cetaceans, and various offshoots of "Homo sapiens" including the associate lineage of the hominids of the Ringworld. Most life in Known Space shares similar biochemistries, since they evolved from the Thrintun practice of seeding barren worlds with food yeast which they used to feed their slaves. Over a billion years, the Thrintun food yeast evolved into the different life forms in Known Space.
One aspect of the Known Space universe is that most of the early human colonies are on planets suboptimal for "Homo sapiens". During the first phase of human interstellar colonization (i.e., before humanity acquired FTL), simple robotic probes were sent to nearby stars to assess their planets for habitation. The programming of these probes was flawed: they sent back a "good for colonization" message if they found a habitable "point", rather than a habitable "planet". Sleeper ships containing human colonists were sent to the indicated star systems. Too often, those colonists had to make the best of a bad situation.
* Earth, the human homeworld, is oppressive to an extent that would be unbelievable to most twentieth-century humans. The entire world is under the rule of the United Nations, which wields its power by means of a global police force. For centuries, due to the perfection of organ transplant technology, all state executions are done in hospitals to provide organ transplants, and to maximize their availability, nearly "all" crimes carried the death penalty. This period ended when Jack Brennan, who had consumed the Tree-of-Life root and become a human version of the Pak Protector, used his superior intelligence to engineer social change in medical technology and social attitudes that eventually reduced the use of organ banks to reasonable levels. Part of Brennan's manipulation was the development of a science known as 'psychistry'. Psychistry was used to 'correct' all forms of 'mental aberration'—the populace is incredibly docile. To combat overpopulation (one estimate is 18 billion people), a licence is required to procreate, only available after exhaustive testing has determined that a prospect is free of 'abnormalities'; failure to acquire one before procreating is a capital crime. This policy, in addition to the existence of the transfer booth and a one-world language and economy, has led to the populace eventually becoming fairly genetically homogeneous. To prevent the development of new WMDs, all scientific research is regulated by the government and all potentially dangerous technology (which is effectively ALL technology) is suppressed; there have been very few real breakthroughs in science since the twentieth century. A common title for people born on Earth is 'Flatlander'; they are considered naïve and a bit helpless by the rest of the galaxy, having been born and raised in the only environment in Known Space which humans are well-adapted to.
* The Moon is a separate entity, but is under the control of the same government as Earth. It, however, has its own distinct culture. Humans native to the Moon are called "Lunies", and tend toward tall, lean body types regularly reaching eight feet in height. They are frequently referred to as looking much like Tolkien's Elves due to their physiques and alien allure.Fact|date=July 2008
* Mars, fourth planet in our solar system and the first planetary colony in Known Space. Native Martians were exterminated by the Brennan Monster. No one goes there, as resources are plentiful in the Belt and Jovian moons.
* The Sol Belt possesses an abundance of valuable ores, which are easily accessible due to the low to negligible gravity of the rocks containing them. Originally a harsh frontier under UN controlFact|date=July 2008, the Belt declared independence after creating Confinement Asteroid, a habitat with spin gravity that permitted safe gestation of children, and Farmer's Asteroid, the Belt's primary food source. Almost immediately a lively competition began between the fiercely independent Belters and the technology police of the UN. Several years of tension and economic conflicts followed, but soon settled into a relatively peaceful trade relationship as the Belt has so many resources that the UN and the Earth needs.
* Down is the home world of the Grogs and a former Kzinti colony. It orbits a K-type star, significantly redder and cooler than Sol. Grogs, though friendly, are feared by humanity, due to their telepathic ability to control the minds of animals (and possibly sentient species as well). Because of this fear, humans have placed a Bussard ramjet field generator in close orbit around Down's sun, thus enabling them to destroy the Grog population should they ever take hostile action against any sentient species. If this ramjet is turned on, Down's sun will begin acting very strangely.
* Jinx, orbiting Sirius, is a massive moon of a gas giant, stretched by tidal forces into an egg shape, with surface gravity near the limits of human habitability. The poles lie in vacuum, the equatorial regions are Venus-like (and inhabited only by the Bandersnatchi); the zones between have atmosphere breathable by humans. Jinx's poles become a major in vacuo manufacturing area. Jinxian humans are short and squat, the strongest bipeds in Known Space. But they tend to die early, from heart and circulatory problems.
* Wunderland is a planet circling Alpha Centauri, and was the earliest extra-solar colony in Known Space's human history. It has a surface gravity of 60% that of Earth's and is hospitable to human life. Wunderland was invaded and its population enslaved by the Kzinti during the first Man-Kzin war. It was freed near the end of the First War by the human Hyperdrive Armada from We-Made-It. The system has an asteroid belt in the shape of a crescentFact|date=July 2008, which gives it its name—the Serpent Swarm. The capital asteroid, Tiamat, houses one of the largest Kzin populations in Known Space.
* We Made It orbiting Procyon, got its name because the first colony ship crash-landed. Gravity is about three-fifths Earth's. The planet's axis is pointed along the plane of the ecliptic (like Uranus), creating ferocious winds of as much as 1,500 mph during half of the planet's year, forcing the people to live underground. Natives are known as Crashlanders, and tend to be very tall albinos. Their capital, which was the site of their colony ship's landing, is called Crashlanding City. We Made It also has one oceanFact|date=July 2008.
* Plateau in the Tau Ceti system is Venus-like, with a plateau (called Mount Lookitthat), half the size of California, rising high enough out of the dense atmosphere to be habitable. Inhabitants (mountaineers) are divided into two rigid hereditary castes, the crew and the colonists, depending on whether their ancestors piloted the colonizing vessel. The crew were the upper caste, and held power through their monopoly on organ transplantation and control of the police. The original colonists signed the "Covenant of Planetfall", agreeing that this outcome was just recompense for the labors of the crew during the voyage; that they signed at gunpoint as they were awakened from hibernation was kept secret from later generations, and also that those who refused, died. This repressive system was overthrown in "A Gift From Earth", and the former inequality appears to have disappeared by the time "The Ethics of Madness" takes place.
* Home was one of Earth's most distant colonies, orbiting the star Epsilon Indi. The planet was so named by the colonists, due to its remarkable similarity to Earth. It's day was nearly 24 hours long, and its surface gravity was 1.08g. Oceans, mean global temperature, seasons, and moon were also similar. According to "Protector", the original colonists had planned to call their world "Flatland" as a sort of joke, but once settled on Home they had changed their minds - "a belated attack of patriotism" [Larry Niven, "Protector" (Ballantine Books, 1973), 183] , Elroy Truesdale of "Protector" muses. The entire population of Home was destroyed as a consequence of Brennan's and Truesdale's war with the Pak, but the planet was apparently re-colonized in later centuries, as it is presented as a vibrant colony in "Procrustes" and other later stories.
* Canyon was once an uninhabitable Mars-like world known as Warhead. It was used as a military outpost by the Kzinti, until the planet was hit by a weapon called the "Wunderland Treatymaker" during the Third War. The attack tore a long, narrow, kilometers-deep crater into the crust approximately the size of the Baja peninsula. The air and moisture in the thin atmosphere gathered at the bottom of this artificial canyon created a breathable environment, complete with a sea at the bottom. The planet was then renamed for the crater, and settled by humans in a huge city running up the crater wall. Archaic (hyper-aggressive and intractable) Kzinti were entombed in statis field shells during the attack and are still beneath the lava, and someday, somebody will have to deal with them.
* Gummidgy is a jungle world popular with hunters. It is home to the Gummidgy Orchid-Thing, a sessile carnivore which hangs from trees and is a popular trophy for the wealthy. Orbits a blue giant star and due to high levels of ultraviolet light, most humans (except Jinxians) require melanin-boosting medication to venture outdoors.
*Fafnir is a former Kzin colony covered almost entirely in water. It has one continent, called Shasht. It was captured by humans during the Man-Kzin Wars.
* Margrave is a late addition to the family of Human colonies. In the "Ringworld" era it is still a frontier world, and is home to enormous birds the inhabitants have dubbed rocs.
*Silvereyes is, at the time of "Ringworld", the furthest Human world from Earth (60 days at Quantum-I hyperdrive speeds). In Niven's obscure story "The Color of Sunfire" [] it has entire continents covered with Slaver sunflowers (bred as defense for Thrint manors, they focus sunlight using parabolic reflectors), giving it an appearance from orbit of having "silver eyes". The Man/Kzin Wars books, conversely, have it entirely covered by a world ocean, with groves of sunflowers growing up from the bottom of the ocean.
* The Fleet of Worlds is a Klemperer rosette consisting of the five planets that are home to the Puppeteers (see above), presently being moved in formation at sub-light speeds out of the galaxy to avoid destruction as the wave of radiation from an explosion of the galactic core sweeps towards the outer reaches of the galaxy.
** Hearth, the homeworld of the Pierson's Puppeteers, it has a population of around one trillion and is covered by arcologies, most over one mile tall. Its industries and population generate so much waste heat it no longer requires a star for warmth (the four other "farmworlds" use artificial orbital lights to grow food).
* Kobold was a tiny artificial world created in the outer Solar System by Jack Brennan, a human Protector, composed of a small sphere in the center ringed by a larger torus. Gravity generators facilitated movement between the two sections and were used in games and art. Brennan destroyed Kobold just prior to leaving for his war with the Pak Protectors.
* The Ringworld, an artificial world three million times larger than Earth, built in the shape of a giant ring orbiting its sun, a million miles across and with a diameter of 186 million miles. It was built by the Pak, who later abandoned it, or else died out. It is inhabited by a number of different evolved hominid species, as well as Bandersnatchi, Martians and Kzinti, and posibly other alien races.
* Sheathclaws, a planet colonized by humans aboard "Angel's Pencil" and descendants of a rogue Kzinti telepath. It orbits an as-yet-unspecified star 98 light years from Earth, and kept its existence secret for several centuries.
* Kzin, translates as Home-of-the-Kzinti or Kzinhome in the Hero's Tongue. It orbits 61 Ursa Majoris and has higher gravity than earth and more oxygen in the atmosphere. It has two moons, known as the Hunter's Moon and the Traveler's Moon.
The series feature a number of "superscience" inventions which figure as plot devices.Stories earlier in the timeline feature technology such as Bussard ramjets, and explore how organ transplantation technology enables the new crime of "organlegging", while later stories feature hyperdrive, invulnerable starship hulls, stasis fields, molecular monofilaments, transfer booths (teleporters used only on planetary surfaces), the lifespan-extending drug boosterspice, and the tasp which is capable of stimulating the pleasure centers of the brain from a distance.
The impact of inventions and technology on society is a recurring theme in Niven's work. For example, addiction to electric brain stimulation resulting in "wireheads", or the effects of the invention of teleportation.
The milieu can be viewed as representing the last gasp of Campbell-era science fiction, as the iconoclastic, counterculture influences of "new wave" science fiction of the sixties play no part in most of the stories. However, there are notable exceptions in the "Gil the ARM" stories; and "Jigsaw Man" first appeared in Harlan Ellison's landmark "new wave" anthology, "Dangerous Visions".Fact|date=October 2008
Organ Transplantation
On Earth in the mid 21st century it became possible to transplant any organ from any person to another, with the exception of Brain and central nervous system tissue. Individuals were categorized according to their so-called "rejection spectrum" which allowed doctors to counter any immune system responses to the new organs, allowing transplants to "take" for life. It also enabled the crime of "organlegging" which lasted well into the 24th century.
Faster Than Light (FTL) propulsion, or hyperdrive, was obtained from the Outsiders at the end of the First Man-Kzin war. In addition to winning the war for humanity, it allowed the re-integration of all the human colonies, which were previously separated by distance. Standard hyperdrive covers a distance of one light year every three days (121.75 x c). A more advanced Quantum II Hyperdrive introduced later is able to cover the same distance in one and a quarter minutes (420,768 x c).
In the vast majority of Known Space material, Hyperdrive requires that a ship be outside a solar system's gravity well to use. However, in Niven's first novel, World of Ptavvs, the hyperdrive used by the Thrint required that a ship be going faster than 93% of the speed of light. This is the only time that Hyperdrive is described this way. This concept was changed by Niven in the novel Ringworld's Children, in which the Ringworld itself is converted into a gigantic quantum II hyperdrive and launched into hyperspace while within its sun's gravity well.
tasis Fields
A Stasis Field creates a bubble of space/time that runs separate from the rest of the universe. Time slows effectively to a stop for an object in stasis, at a ratio of some billions of years outside to a second inside. An object in stasis is invulnerable to anything occurring outside the field, as well as being preserved indefinitely. A stasis field may be recognized by its perfectly reflecting surface, so perfect in fact that it reflects 100% of all radiation and particles, including neutrinos.
Invulnerable Hulls
The Puppeteer firm, General Products, produces an invulnerable starship hull, known simply as a General Products Hull. The hulls are impervious to any type of matter or energy, with the exception of antimatter, gravitation and visible light. While invulnerable themselves, this is no guarantee that the contents are likewise protected. For example, a high speed impact with the surface of a planet or star may cause no harm to the hull, the occupants however will be crushed if they are not protected by additional measures, such as a stasis field, or a gravity compensating field.
In Fleet of Worlds, the characters tour a General_Products factory and receive clues that allow them to destroy a General Products hull from the inside using only a communications laser.
Boosterspice is a compound that increases the longevity and reverses aging of human beings. With the use of boosterspice, humans can easily live into hundreds of years and, theoretically, it can extend life indefinitely.
Humans have been led to believe it is made from genetically engineered ragweed (although early stories have it ingested in the form of edible seeds) but, in "Ringworld's Children", it is suggested boosterspice may actually be adapted from Tree-of-Life, without the symbiotic virus that enabled hominids to metamorphose from Pak Breeder stage to Pak Protector stage (mutated Pak breeders were the ancestors of both homo sapiens and the hominids of the Ringworld in the Known Space universe).
On the Ringworld, there is an analogous (and apparently more potent) compound, but they are mutually incompatible; in "The Ringworld Engineers", Louis Wu learns that the character Halrloprillalar died when in ARM custody after leaving the Ringworld, as a result of having taken boosterspice and previously having used the Ringworld equivalent.
Transfer Booths
Transfer Booths are an inexpensive form of teleportation. They are similar in appearance to an old style telephone booth: one enters, dials one's desired destination, and is immediately deposited in a corresponding booth at the destination. They are inexpensive: a trip anywhere on Earth costs only a "tenth-star" (presumably equivalent to a dime).
*Autodoc — Automated facility capable of various levels of medical intervention. Models range from small "desktop" devices that can perorm diagnostic procedures, administer medicine, and perform manicures; to highly sophisticated "coffin" style units that can perform major surgery and even rebuild a person from scratch using the patient's DNA (and sufficient raw material).
*Belter Crest — the hairstyle worn by most Belters. The sides the head are shaved, leaving a narrow strip of hair down the center 1-2 inches wide. Also known as a Strip Cut.
*Blind Spot — A visual and psychological effect of faster than light travel. Hyperspace produces no visual input to the brain at all. A transparent window of a ship traveling in hyperdrive will behave as the blind spot of one's eye (hence the name). The brain will attempt to fill this gap with surrounding detail, which can cause intense disorientation to an observer, and even insanity if the area of exposure is great enough.
*Bubble world — An artificial world created by melting a large iron-rich asteroid and "inflating" it with water placed in a central borehole. The asteroid is melted from the outside in, and the water flashes into steam as the rock melts around it. The world is spun for gravity and the inner surface is terraformed. Normally found in asteroid belt colonies, where they provide farmland and gravity for women to safely carry their unborn children to term.
*Corpsicle — a person in cryonic suspension (portmanteau of "corpse" and "popsicle"). Often used disparagingly.
*Droud — a device for direct electrical stimulation of the brain's pleasure center, plugged directly into a socket that is surgically attached to the skull. The user of a droud, known as a wirehead, suffers from current addiction. The operation to attach the droud's socket is performed by a specialized surgeon known as an ecstasy peddler.
*Fertility Board — Agency of the UN which grants or denies parenthood licences to individuals based on one's genetic tendencies or talents.
*Free Park — a park where there are no rules, save that no one may harm another. The sole rule is enforced by floating monitor/stunners known as copseyes. (also called an Anarchy Park)
*Fusion tube — A cylindrical shield designed to confine a plasma undergoing thermonuclear fusion. It prevents the plasma heat from damaging the external components of the reactor (and also prevents the cold components from contacting the plasma, which would cause it to fail). The shield can be modulated to allow desired radiation (such as visible light) to pass through it. This is useful for when the fusion reactor is used as both a power source and a light source, such as in the Belt bubbleworlds: Confinement and Farmer's Asteroid.
*Grippy — All purpose hand tool used chiefly in space.
*Gravity Polarizer — a device which provides levitation and propulsion by creating a localized distortion of space-time curvature.
*Handicapped — when capitalized, refers to species with intelligence but no hands (or other appendages) with which to manipulate their environment. Examples are Earth's Cetaceans, the Bandersnatchi of Jinx, and the Grogs on Down.
*Interworld — Constructed auxiliary language used by the people of Known Space. Primarily used by humans, it is also spoken by Puppeteers and Kzinti.
*Legal Entity — any member of a sentient/sapient species, capable of independent thought and entitled to full civil rights.
*Mercy bullets — a form of non lethal ammunition. Thin slivers of anesthetic material are fired from a specialized gun or rifle. They are designed to easily pierce the skin and dissolve quickly in the bloodstream, causing immediate unconsciousness. Used by ARM agents and organleggers alike.
*Organlegger — a dealer in black market organ transplants (portmanteau of "organ" and "bootlegger").
*Ramrobot — unmanned fusion driven spacecraft equipped with a Bussard ramjet, which provides a nearly limitless supply of fuel. Used as scouts during the early stages of interstellar colonization by Earth.
*Singleship — a small spacecraft occupied and flown by only one person. It is a term short for single occupant spaceship. The singleships are commonly used by Belters for mining and transportation. During the Man-Kzin Wars they were also used as warships, since the fusion jet (so the colloquial name a "Torchship") which propels the vessel could be used like a miles-long flamethrower.
*Slowboat — human colony ship used prior to the invention of hyperdrive. Due to strong magnetic fields, humans were unable to ride the early ramscoop powered craft. Slowboats followed behind ramrobots and typically carried sufficient fuel only for a one way voyage.
*Stasis Box — refers to containers holding preserved relics of a billion year old war which killed every sentient race living in the galaxy at the time. Scattered across the galaxy, their contents are beyond value (and often very dangerous to the unwary).
*Tanj — expletive. Acronym for "There Aint No Justice"
*Tasp — a device that can stimulate the pleasure center of the brain via electric induction at varying levels, even at a distance. Such a jolt of pleasure can be as totally disabling as a similar jolt of pain could be. More so, repeated use of the tasp at a low level can become addictive, allowing even greater control of the subject. Less malignantly, their use had become commonplace in parks on Earth, to give an unexpected shock to random passers-by, before their use was banned by the ARM. The act of randomly zapping people with a tasp was called "making their day."
*Thruster — device which converts one form of energy (presumably electrical) into uniform acceleration in one direction. Safer than conventional drives, it produces no dangerous reaction "back blast" as that of fusion or chemical rockets.
*Variable Sword — an ultra-thin wire of molecular monofilament, made rigid and protected by a stasis field, forming an nearly invisible (and extremely sharp) blade. The wire can be extended to varying lengths (hence the name) and has a glowing red ball to mark the end of the blade.
The ARM are the police force of the United Nations. ARM originated as an acronym for Amalgamation of Regional Militia, though this is not a term in current usage by the time of the Known Space novels. An agent of the ARM, Gil Hamilton, is the protagonist of Niven's sf detective stories, a series-within-a-series gathered in the collection "Flatlander" (Confusingly, "Flatlander" is also the name of an unrelated Known Space story.)
Their basic function is to enforce mandatory birth control on overcrowded Earth, and restrict research which might lead to dangerous weapons. In short, the ARM hunts down women who have illegal pregnancies and suppresses all new technologies. They also hunt organleggers, especially in the era of the "organ bank problem." Among the many technologies they control and outlaw are all trained forms of armed and unarmed combat. Agents of the ARM are often known as "Schizes", due to the artificially induced state of paranoid schizophrenia they are kept in to enhance their usefulness as law enforcement officials in a society that keeps most of its populace docile and naive through the aforementioned science of psychistry (see "Madness Has Its Place").
Their jurisdiction is limited to the Earth-Moon system; other human colonies have their own militia. Nevertheless, in many Known Space stories, ARM agents operate or exert influence in other human star systems through the "Bureau of Alien Affairs" (see "In the Hall of the Mountain King", "Procrustes", "The Borderland of Sol", and "Neutron Star"). These interventions begin following the Man-Kzin Wars and the introduction of hyperdrive, presumably as part of a general re-integration of human societies.
tories in Known Space
Unlike many fictional universes, the component tales of Known Space were largely released as short stories or serials in various science fiction anthology magazines. These stories were generally subsequently released in one or more collection volumes. To add some further confusion, some of the shorter novels published in magazines were later expanded to, or incorporated in, book-length novels. Due to the large number of stories, it is particularly difficult for a completionist fan to read every story in the series. There are also two or three short stories which share common themes and some background elements with Known Space stories, but which are not considered a part of the Known Space Universe: "Bordered in Black" and "One Face" (see the collection "Convergent Series"), and perhaps "The Color of Sunfire." In the Known Space stories Niven had created a number of technological devices (GP hull, stasis field, Ringworld material) which, combined with the 'Teela Brown gene', made it very difficult to construct engaging stories beyond a certain date—the combination of factors made it tricky to produce any kind of creditable threat/problem without complex contrivances. Niven demonstrated this, to his own satisfaction, with "Safe at Any Speed". After 1975, he began to write significantly fewer Known Space stories. However, Niven later invited other authors to participate in a series of shared-universe novels, with the Man-Kzin Wars as their setting.
tories by Niven himself
(Note that most stories appeared in more than one collection, though only one each is listed here.)
Man-Kzin Wars
Niven has described his fiction as "playground equipment", encouraging fans to speculate and extrapolate on the events described. Debates have been made, for example, on who built the Ringworld (Pak Protectors and the Outsiders being the traditional favorites, but see "Ringworld's Children" for a possibly definitive answer), and what happened to the Tnuctipun. However, Niven also states that this is "not" an invitation to violate his copyrights, so fans should try to avoid publishing works that are too obviously based in the Known Space universe without Niven's given permission.
Niven was also reported to have said that "Known Space should be seen as a possible future history told by people that may or may not have all their facts right."
An outline for a "final" Known Space story titled [ "Down in Flames"] has been published, which includes a controversial revelation about the Tnuctipun. However, Niven has stated the story suggested by the outline was made obsolete by the publication of "Ringworld". "Down in Flames" was a result of a conversation between Norman Spinrad and Niven in 1968, but at the time of its first publication in 1977 some of the concepts were invalidated by Niven's writings between '68 and '77. (A further edited version of the outline was published in "N-Space" in 1990.)
External links
* [ Encyclopedia of Known Space]
* [ The Incompleat Known Space Concordance]
* [ Timeline of the Known Space universe]
* [ Website for the Man-Kzin Wars novel Destiny's Forge]
* [ Homepage of MKW author Paul Chafe]
* [ "Known Space Home Page"] (semi-official fan site)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7219 | How to order with PayPal and apply a discount
How to enter a Sivana discount while using PayPal:
Step 1:
After you are finished shopping, click the “view cart/checkout” button that looks like a bag with a number on it, located on the top right of your screen:
Step 2:
If everything looks good in your cart, click the “checkout” button:
Step 3:
The next screen is the “Customer Information” page, which will ask you to fill in your shipping address. This screen is also where you may type in a discount code into the white box, then click the “Apply” button to add that discount amount onto your order. Then you will click the “Continue to shipping method” button:
Step 4:
The next screen is the “Shipping Method” page, which will add on the shipping charge. From there, click the “Continue to payment method” button:
Step 5:
The next screen is the “Payment Method” page, which is where you can either use a credit card or click to select the “PayPal” option, as shown below. Then click the “Complete order” button, which (as noted below) will redirect you to PayPal to complete your purchase securely:
Have more questions? Submit a request |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7270 | Announcement Solutions to common problems
• Solutions to common problems
Solution #1: Clear your browser cache.
Solution #3: You did not login as the admin user. This is the only user that can access everything. Nothing can give other users admin access.
Problem #5: Samba is slow.
Problem #8: You changed a config file from the command line and something changed it back.
Solution #8: By design, OMV rewrites config files when changes are made. You should only make changes from the web interface unless you know that OMV is not managing the file (usually a comment in the config file will tell you this).
Problem #9: My docker container isn't working and I see an error like standard_init_linux.go:211: exec user process caused "exec format error"
Solution #9: You need to use an image that is compatible with your systems architecture. Most images on Docker Hub are x86 images. If you using an armhf or arm64 (ie RPi4), you need to look for an armhf or aarch64 image or tag.
Problem #10: There is a newer version of package foo available somewhere. Why is OMV not using it?
Solution #10: OMV is Debian and uses the Debian repo for packages. OMV tries not to maintain any packages other than OMV and plugins.
omv 5.2.3 usul | 64 bit | 5.3 proxmox kernel | omvextrasorg 5.2.1 plugins source code and issue tracker - github
Please don't PM for support... Too many PMs!
The post was edited 14 times, last by ryecoaaron (). |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7274 | Loose/long knot on handles
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1. I picked this b-bag out from ebay and my bf bought it for me in feb. It was new when i got it had tags attached and everything. I maybe used the bag about 10 times. This is what i noticed today!!
Is this normal?? Sometimes i have doubts that my bag is fake simply because i got it from ebay. BUT i made sure to check w/ the authenticate thread first and i got the ok that it was real. But it's always in the back of my mind that it could be fake because i got it from ebay. I just thought it was too soon for something like this to happen to my bag AND not to mention one of my GH is loose, well i don't know if i should say loose but i'm able to turn it around where the other hw is tight.:s
2. I don't think thats normal :s
3. If ur talking abt the loose knot It happens. Nothing to be alarmed about. And regards the Giant H/W it happened to my Violet SGH Work. 2 of the bottom h/w can be turned around.. And i hardly use the bag.. Soo....
4. I just bought a GH City and now I don't want to use it! I thought the GH was rather secure. The price of the bag is not worth it if that is common.:tdown:
5. I have had a few GH bags and that has only happened to one, and it was after heavy use (my daily bag for a month). It was a FB that mine happened on. You may want to check the care threads as there might be some info there. Also you may be able to call Bal and find out about the handles being restrung. I am not sure if they do this but they do have a repair dept. so it is worth a shot.
The NY number is 212-279-4440
6. wow, all things luxury are becoming cheaply made..lv is having quality issues ALL the time now..
7. ya...i agree with you sadly. but i still love bal for it's design. i think most things you can bring back to bal and have them fix it for you free if it is within a short period of time.
valeri, sorry about the knot and good luck!!
8. my sandstone city's knot isn't a "complete" knot, but it doesnt stick out like that :confused1: in fact, it's barely noticable - it took me a couple months to even see it, and i've had the bag for a year & it hasn't gotten any worse.
this doesnt mean your bag isnt authentic though. bbags sometimes do have things "wrong" with them unfortunately.
9. same thing happened to my knot on my GH vermillion. and i actually noticed it within like the first few days after getting it. but i'm able to tuck mines back in every time it sticks out. if mine stuck out that much though i'd probably call BalNY. but it's not like it'll get unknotted or anything. it's just due to the aesthetics of the bag you know?
10. Thanks everybody for the info. It's amazing that this stuff is common. I'm probably gonna do what ikaesmallz does and just try and tuck it in and if for any reason it should get worse (hopefully not) i'll see about getting it repaired. But this just sucks:hysteric: |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7275 | My find at Dillards
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1. :wlae:
Attached Files:
2. Nice! The gray is very pretty.
3. Think it will be great with my Cherry Sabrina?
4. Yes!
It will go will a lot of things, IMO.
We're twins...I own her too! :smile:
5. Oh that's beautiful! I saw it IRL and the pictures don't even do it justice. Is that colour a department store exclusive? I've never seen that in the outlets and I don't remember seeing it in the boutiques.
6. I havent seen it in the stores myself. It may be something only department stores carry. Im not sure. I found it on sale for half off!! YEAH!! My Cherry Sabrina hasnt came yet. I decided on cherry after the ordeal with the Berry. :mad:
Then after looking at my clothes.. my cherry would be a better color. I wanted something to stand out against the rest. All the girls here will be carrying the Leah. I like the Sabrina better.
7. That is very pretty! :tup:
8. Very cute, I love the Gray color! Great find, congrats!
9. Very nice. I saw that at my Dillard's last night. I think there were wallets to match too.
10. That size is dept. store exclusive, but IDK about the color. I've only ever seen the gray (grey?) at Macy*s, etc., but I can't say for sure about dept. exclusivity on colors.
I got the small wristlet in magenta at Macy*s and then the capacity at the boutique (had a return from MIL, otherwise I would have gotten it at Macy*s or the outlet).
11. Love the grey:heart:
12. :heart:....Great color!!!
13. I purchased the same wrislet at my Dillards earlier this week but took it back the next day because I love the pink one I got at the outlet more. I hope you enjoy it. You kinda make me wish I would have kept it now. LOL!!
14. I got that one @ Macy's and I carry it with my cherry Sabrina a lot.
15. I got that one at Dillards also, but in the pink. The gray is hot though. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7276 | What do you guys think of....
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Thread Status:
Not open for further replies.
1. Bag Borrow or Steal?
They let you buy gently-carried designer handbags for really low prices, but what I'm wondering is if people borrow them, then return a fake version and keep the real one... Does bagborroworsteal.com have people that authenticate the bags when they get them back?
I did a search on here (for once...lol), but I didn't find anything about this website.
Thanks all!
2. Hehe thanks :smile: I'm still trying to get used to finding everything on here!
Thread Status:
Not open for further replies. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7278 | @trekkiegrrrl nearly, but not quite. You get to select one range of frames to be repeated. What I need is the individual parameters' cycle periods, which are all different, need to continue seamlessly, so I can't specify any frame range overall that can be repeated. Each parameter has to have it's own period determined (or specified) and propagated till the last frame in the scene, with proper handling of partial cycles at each end. Thanks for the suggestion, though. Ockham had lots of great stuff. Much of which can be done more elegantly now, with the continual improvements to Poser Python functionality over the years. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7285 | Dedicated to home cockpit building (no support here)
Forum rules
Please do NOT post any support questions directed to VRS staff in this forum! If you have a support question which is directed to VRS, then please use the appropriate official support forum.
5 posts Page 1 of 1
The LVARs were unobfuscated around releases and due to this, I was able to update each release effortlessly.
However, with the, looks like the LVAR for RADALT switch (BARO/RDR) has been changed.
Was discussing the issue with Tripod on Hornetpit forums, and it emerges that this particular LVAR is still obfuscated and has probably changed for the current build.
Can the dev's confirm this, please?
If this LVAR could also be unobfuscated, it will help all of us who have built our home pits around VRS Rhino.
We'll discuss it internally. For, the LVar you're after is: DDDXS
Thanks adiemus. Appreciate it.
fixed in (when released)
Will be "SW ALT MODE"
VRS Varmint wrote: fixed in (when released)
Will be "SW ALT MODE"
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7286 | 1. Nikumba's Avatar
If I have missed the option I do apologise
Installed the WPC app, works great, however when I try to sign in on the forum part it only seems to allow a WPCentral login not the Live login us on the main site.
Have I missed the option or is it not a feature yet?
12-27-2013 03:20 AM
2. DBDev's Avatar
12-27-2013 06:17 AM
3. Nikumba's Avatar
That worked thanks
12-27-2013 07:10 AM
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7289 | More than 100 vegetable products recalled for possible Listeria contamination
More than 100 vegetable products sold under nearly a dozen different brand names have been recalled because they could be contaminated with Listeria.
Mann Packing Co. announced the recall Friday in response to a notification by the Food and Drug Administration and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
This link lists all the recalled products sold in the United States. Below the list are images of each product. The recalled products have a “Best If Enjoyed By” date of October 11, 2019 to November 16, 2019.
There is a separate recall list for products sold in Canada. They bear the same “Best If Enjoyed By” dates.
Anyone who has these products are being urged to throw them away.
Mann says there have been no known reports of illnesses from the products in this recall, and that the recall is being issued out of an abundance of caution.
Customers with questions can call Mann 24 hours a day at 1-844-927-0707 or email Mann Packing Co., Inc. at
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says listeria primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems after they eat contaminated food. It’s the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. from foodborne illness.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7313 | Network Working Group R. Elz Request for Comments: 2182 University of Melbourne BCP: 16 R. Bush Category: Best Current Practice RGnet, Inc. S. Bradner Harvard University M. Patton Consultant July 1997 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Domain Name System requires that multiple servers exist for every delegated domain (zone). This document discusses the selection of secondary servers for DNS zones. Both the physical and topological location of each server are material considerations when selecting secondary servers. The number of servers appropriate for a zone is also discussed, and some general secondary server maintenance issues considered. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 1] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 Contents Abstract ................................................... 1 1 Introduction ............................................... 2 2 Definitions ................................................ 2 3 Secondary Servers .......................................... 3 4 Unreachable servers ........................................ 5 5 How many secondaries? ...................................... 7 6 Finding Suitable Secondary Servers ......................... 8 7 Serial Number Maintenance .................................. 9 Security Considerations .................................... 11 References ................................................. 11 Acknowledgements ........................................... 11 Authors' Addresses ......................................... 11 1. Introduction A number of problems in DNS operations today are attributable to poor choices of secondary servers for DNS zones. The geographic placement as well as the diversity of network connectivity exhibited by the set of DNS servers for a zone can increase the reliability of that zone as well as improve overall network performance and access characteristics. Other considerations in server choice can unexpectedly lower reliability or impose extra demands on the network. This document discusses many of the issues that should be considered when selecting secondary servers for a zone. It offers guidance in how to best choose servers to serve a given zone. 2. Definitions For the purposes of this document, and only this document, the following definitions apply: DNS The Domain Name System [RFC1034, RFC1035]. Zone A part of the DNS tree, that is treated as a unit. Forward Zone A zone containing data mapping names to host addresses, mail exchange targets, etc. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 2] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 Reverse Zone A zone containing data used to map addresses to names. Server An implementation of the DNS protocols able to provide answers to queries. Answers may be from information known by the server, or information obtained from another server. Authoritative Server A server that knows the content of a DNS zone from local knowledge, and thus can answer queries about that zone without needing to query other servers. Listed Server An Authoritative Server for which there is an "NS" resource record (RR) in the zone. Primary Server An authoritative server for which the zone information is locally configured. Sometimes known as a Master server. Secondary Server An authoritative server that obtains information about a zone from a Primary Server via a zone transfer mechanism. Sometimes known as a Slave Server. Stealth Server An authoritative server, usually secondary, which is not a Listed Server. Resolver A client of the DNS which seeks information contained in a zone using the DNS protocols. 3. Secondary Servers A major reason for having multiple servers for each zone is to allow information from the zone to be available widely and reliably to clients throughout the Internet, that is, throughout the world, even when one server is unavailable or unreachable. Multiple servers also spread the name resolution load, and improve the overall efficiency of the system by placing servers nearer to the resolvers. Those purposes are not treated further here. With multiple servers, usually one server will be the primary server, and others will be secondary servers. Note that while some unusual configurations use multiple primary servers, that can result in data inconsistencies, and is not advisable. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 3] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 The distinction between primary and secondary servers is relevant only to the servers for the zone concerned, to the rest of the DNS there are simply multiple servers. All are treated equally at first instance, even by the parent server that delegates the zone. Resolvers often measure the performance of the various servers, choose the "best", for some definition of best, and prefer that one for most queries. That is automatic, and not considered here. The primary server holds the master copy of the zone file. That is, the server where the data is entered into the DNS from some source outside the DNS. Secondary servers obtain data for the zone using DNS protocol mechanisms to obtain the zone from the primary server. 3.1. Selecting Secondary Servers When selecting secondary servers, attention should be given to the various likely failure modes. Servers should be placed so that it is likely that at least one server will be available to all significant parts of the Internet, for any likely failure. Consequently, placing all servers at the local site, while easy to arrange, and easy to manage, is not a good policy. Should a single link fail, or there be a site, or perhaps even building, or room, power failure, such a configuration can lead to all servers being disconnected from the Internet. Secondary servers must be placed at both topologically and geographically dispersed locations on the Internet, to minimise the likelihood of a single failure disabling all of them. That is, secondary servers should be at geographically distant locations, so it is unlikely that events like power loss, etc, will disrupt all of them simultaneously. They should also be connected to the net via quite diverse paths. This means that the failure of any one link, or of routing within some segment of the network (such as a service provider) will not make all of the servers unreachable. 3.2. Unsuitable Configurations While it is unfortunately quite common, servers for a zone should certainly not all be placed on the same LAN segment in the same room of the same building - or any of those. Such a configuration almost defeats the requirement, and utility, of having multiple servers. The only redundancy usually provided in that configuration is for the case when one server is down, whereas there are many other possible failure modes, such as power failures, including lengthy ones, to consider. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 4] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 3.3. A Myth Exploded An argument is occasionally made that there is no need for the domain name servers for a domain to be accessible if the hosts in the domain are unreachable. This argument is fallacious. + Clients react differently to inability to resolve than inability to connect, and reactions to the former are not always as desirable. + If the zone is resolvable yet the particular name is not, then a client can discard the transaction rather than retrying and creating undesirable load on the network. + While positive DNS results are usually cached, the lack of a result is not cached. Thus, unnecessary inability to resolve creates an undesirable load on the net. + All names in the zone may not resolve to addresses within the detached network. This becomes more likely over time. Thus a basic assumption of the myth often becomes untrue. It is important that there be nameservers able to be queried, available always, for all forward zones. 4. Unreachable servers Another class of problems is caused by listing servers that cannot be reached from large parts of the network. This could be listing the name of a machine that is completely isolated behind a firewall, or just a secondary address on a dual homed machine which is not accessible from outside. The names of servers listed in NS records should resolve to addresses which are reachable from the region to which the NS records are being returned. Including addresses which most of the network cannot reach does not add any reliability, and causes several problems, which may, in the end, lower the reliability of the zone. First, the only way the resolvers can determine that these addresses are, in fact, unreachable, is to try them. They then need to wait on a lack of response timeout (or occasionally an ICMP error response) to know that the address cannot be used. Further, even that is generally indistinguishable from a simple packet loss, so the sequence must be repeated, several times, to give any real evidence of an unreachable server. All of this probing and timeout may take sufficiently long that the original client program or user will decide that no answer is available, leading to an apparent failure of the zone. Additionally, the whole thing needs to be repeated from time to time to distinguish a permanently unreachable server from a temporarily unreachable one. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 5] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 And finally, all these steps will potentially need to be done by resolvers all over the network. This will increase the traffic, and probably the load on the filters at whatever firewall is blocking this access. All of this additional load does no more than effectively lower the reliability of the service. 4.1. Servers behind intermittent connections A similar problem occurs with DNS servers located in parts of the net that are often disconnected from the Internet as a whole. For example, those which connect via an intermittent connection that is often down. Such servers should usually be treated as if they were behind a firewall, and unreachable to the network at any time. 4.2. Other problem cases Similar problems occur when a Network Address Translator (NAT) [RFC1631] exists between a resolver and server. Despite what [RFC1631] suggests, NATs in practice do not translate addresses embedded in packets, only those in the headers. As [RFC1631] suggests, this is somewhat of a problem for the DNS. This can sometimes be overcome if the NAT is accompanied by, or replaced with, an Application Layer Gateway (ALG). Such a device would understand the DNS protocol and translate all the addresses as appropriate as packets pass through. Even with such a device, it is likely to be better in any of these cases to adopt the solution described in the following section. 4.3. A Solution To avoid these problems, NS records for a zone returned in any response should list only servers that the resolver requesting the information, is likely to be able to reach. Some resolvers are simultaneously servers performing lookups on behalf of other resolvers. The NS records returned should be reachable not only by the resolver that requested the information, but any other resolver that may be forwarded the information. All the addresses of all the servers returned must be reachable. As the addresses of each server form a Resource Record Set [RFC2181], all must be returned (or none), thus it is not acceptable to elide addresses of servers that are unreachable, or to return them with a low TTL (while returning others with a higher TTL). In particular, when some servers are behind a firewall, intermittent connection, or NAT, which disallows, or has problems with, DNS queries or responses, their names, or addresses, should not be returned to clients outside the firewall. Similarly, servers outside the firewall should not be made known to clients inside it, if the Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 6] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 clients would be unable to query those servers. Implementing this usually requires dual DNS setups, one for internal use, the other for external use. Such a setup often solves other problems with environments like this. When a server is at a firewall boundary, reachable from both sides, but using different addresses, that server should be given two names, each name associated with appropriate A records, such that each appears to be reachable only on the appropriate side of the firewall. This should then be treated just like two servers, one on each side of the firewall. A server implemented in an ALG will usually be such a case. Special care will need to be taken to allow such a server to return the correct responses to clients on each side. That is, return only information about hosts reachable from that side and the correct IP address(es) for the host when viewed from that side. Servers in this environment often need special provision to give them access to the root servers. Often this is accomplished via "fake root" configurations. In such a case the servers should be kept well isolated from the rest of the DNS, lest their unusual configuration pollute others. 5. How many secondaries? The DNS specification and domain name registration rules require at least two servers for every zone. That is, usually, the primary and one secondary. While two, carefully placed, are often sufficient, occasions where two are insufficient are frequent enough that we advise the use of more than two listed servers. Various problems can cause a server to be unavailable for extended periods - during such a period, a zone with only two listed servers is actually running with just one. Since any server may occasionally be unavailable, for all kinds of reasons, this zone is likely, at times, to have no functional servers at all. On the other hand, having large numbers of servers adds little benefit, while adding costs. At the simplest, more servers cause packets to be larger, so requiring more bandwidth. This may seem, and realistically is, trivial. However there is a limit to the size of a DNS packet, and causing that limit to be reached has more serious performance implications. It is wise to stay well clear of it. More servers also increase the likelihood that one server will be misconfigured, or malfunction, without being detected. It is recommended that three servers be provided for most organisation level zones, with at least one which must be well removed from the others. For zones where even higher reliability is required, four, or even five, servers may be desirable. Two, or Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 7] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 occasionally three of five, would be at the local site, with the others not geographically or topologically close to the site, or each other. Reverse zones, that is, sub-domains of .IN-ADDR.ARPA, tend to be less crucial, and less servers, less distributed, will often suffice. This is because address to name translations are typically needed only when packets are being received from the address in question, and only by resolvers at or near the destination of the packets. This gives some assurances that servers located at or near the packet source, for example, on the the same network, will be reachable from the resolvers that need to perform the lookups. Thus some of the failure modes that need to be considered when planning servers for forward zones may be less relevant when reverse zones are being planned. 5.1. Stealth Servers Servers which are authoritative for the zone, but not listed in NS records (also known as "stealth" servers) are not included in the count of servers. It can often be useful for all servers at a site to be authoritative (secondary), but only one or two be listed servers, the rest being unlisted servers for all local zones, that is, to be stealth servers. This allows those servers to provide answers to local queries directly, without needing to consult another server. If it were necessary to consult another server, it would usually be necessary for the root servers to be consulted, in order to follow the delegation tree - that the zone is local would not be known. This would mean that some local queries may not be able to be answered if external communications were disrupted. Listing all such servers in NS records, if more than one or two, would cause the rest of the Internet to spend unnecessary effort attempting to contact all servers at the site when the whole site is inaccessible due to link or routing failures. 6. Finding Suitable Secondary Servers Operating a secondary server is usually an almost automatic task. Once established, the server generally runs itself, based upon the actions of the primary server. Because of this, large numbers of organisations are willing to provide a secondary server, if requested. The best approach is usually to find an organisation of similar size, and agree to swap secondary zones - each organisation agrees to provide a server to act as a secondary server for the other Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 8] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 organisation's zones. Note that there is no loss of confidential data here, the data set exchanged would be available publically whatever the servers are. 7. Serial Number Maintenance Secondary servers use the serial number in the SOA record of the zone to determine when it is necessary to update their local copy of the zone. Serial numbers are basically just 32 bit unsigned integers that wrap around from the biggest possible value to zero again. See [RFC1982] for a more rigorous definition of the serial number. The serial number must be incremented every time a change, or group of changes, is made to the zone on the primary server. This informs secondary servers they need update their copies of the zone. Note that it is not possible to decrement a serial number, increments are the only defined modification. Occasionally due to editing errors, or other factors, it may be necessary to cause a serial number to become smaller. Never simply decrease the serial number. Secondary servers will ignore that change, and further, will ignore any later increments until the earlier large value is exceeded. Instead, given that serial numbers wrap from large to small, in absolute terms, increment the serial number, several times, until it has reached the value desired. At each step, wait until all secondary servers have updated to the new value before proceeding. For example, assume that the serial number of a zone was 10, but has accidentally been set to 1000, and it is desired to set it back to 11. Do not simply change the value from 1000 to 11. A secondary server that has seen the 1000 value (and in practice, there is always at least one) will ignore this change, and continue to use the version of the zone with serial number 1000, until the primary server's serial number exceeds that value. This may be a long time - in fact, the secondary often expires its copy of the zone before the zone is ever updated again. Instead, for this example, set the primary's serial number to 2000000000, and wait for the secondary servers to update to that zone. The value 2000000000 is chosen as a value a lot bigger than the current value, but less that 2^31 bigger (2^31 is 2147483648). This is then an increment of the serial number [RFC1982]. Next, after all servers needing updating have the zone with that serial number, the serial number can be set to 4000000000. 4000000000 is 2000000000 more than 2000000000 (fairly clearly), and Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 9] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 is thus another increment (the value added is less than 2^31). Once this copy of the zone file exists at all servers, the serial number can simply be set to 11. In serial number arithmetic, a change from 4000000000 to 11 is an increment. Serial numbers wrap at 2^32 (4294967296), so 11 is identical to 4294967307 (4294967296 + 11). 4294967307 is just 294967307 greater than 4000000000, and 294967307 is well under 2^31, this is therefore an increment. When following this procedure, it is essential to verify that all relevant servers have been updated at each step, never assume anything. Failing to do this can result in a worse mess than existed before the attempted correction. Also beware that it is the relationship between the values of the various serial numbers that is important, not the absolute values. The values used above are correct for that one example only. It is possible in essentially all cases to correct the serial number in two steps by being more aggressive in the choices of the serial numbers. This however causes the numbers used to be less "nice", and requires considerably more care. Also, note that not all nameserver implementations correctly implement serial number operations. With such servers as secondaries there is typically no way to cause the serial number to become smaller, other than contacting the administrator of the server and requesting that all existing data for the zone be purged. Then that the secondary be loaded again from the primary, as if for the first time. It remains safe to carry out the above procedure, as the malfunctioning servers will need manual attention in any case. After the sequence of serial number changes described above, conforming secondary servers will have been reset. Then when the primary server has the correct (desired) serial number, contact the remaining secondary servers and request their understanding of the correct serial number be manually corrected. Perhaps also suggest that they upgrade their software to a standards conforming implementation. A server which does not implement this algorithm is defective, and may be detected as follows. At some stage, usually when the absolute integral value of the serial number becomes smaller, a server with this particular defect will ignore the change. Servers with this type of defect can be detected by waiting for at least the time specified in the SOA refresh field and then sending a query for the SOA. Servers with this defect will still have the old serial number. We are not aware of other means to detect this defect. Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 10] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 Security Considerations It is not believed that anything in this document adds to any security issues that may exist with the DNS, nor does it do anything to lessen them. Administrators should be aware, however, that compromise of a server for a domain can, in some situations, compromise the security of hosts in the domain. Care should be taken in choosing secondary servers so that this threat is minimised. References [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987 [RFC1631] Egevang, K., Francis, P., "The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)", RFC 1631, May 1994 [RFC1982] Elz, R., Bush, R., "Serial Number Arithmetic", RFC 1982, August 1996. [RFC2181] Elz, R., Bush, R., "Clarifications to the DNS specification", RFC 2181, July 1997. Acknowledgements Brian Carpenter and Yakov Rekhter suggested mentioning NATs and ALGs as a companion to the firewall text. Dave Crocker suggested explicitly exploding the myth. Authors' Addresses Robert Elz Computer Science University of Melbourne Parkville, Vic, 3052 Australia. EMail: [email protected] Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 11] RFC 2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers July 1997 Randy Bush RGnet, Inc. 5147 Crystal Springs Drive NE Bainbridge Island, Washington, 98110 United States. EMail: Scott Bradner Harvard University 1350 Mass Ave Cambridge, MA, 02138 United States. EMail: Michael A. Patton 33 Blanchard Road Cambridge, MA, 02138 United States. EMail: [email protected] Elz, et al. Best Current Practice [Page 12] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7322 | New Mexico
Inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas for many centuries, New Mexico has also been part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S. territory. Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanics, including descendants of Spanish colonists and recent immigrants from Latin America. It also has the second-highest percentage of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, after Alaska, and the fourth-highest total number of Indigenous peoples of the Americas after California, Oklahoma, and Arizona.[6] The tribes in the state consist of mostly Navajo and Pueblo peoples. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong Hispanic and Native-American influences. The flag of New Mexico is represented by the red and gold colors, which represent Spain, as well as the Zia symbol, an ancient symbol for the sun of that Pueblo-related tribe.[7]
The name New Mexico, or Nuevo Mexico, is often incorrectly believed to have taken its name from the modern Republic of Mexico. New Mexico was given its name in 1563 and again in 1581, by Spanish explorers believing there were wealthy Indian cultures similar to those of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire.[8][9][10] The Republic of Mexico, formerly known as New Spain, was given its name centuries later in 1821. The two developed as neighboring Spanish speaking communities, with relatively independent histories.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7331 | Secretary Mike Pompeo’s Remarks on President Trump’s Decision to Withdraw from the JCPOA
Secretary Pompeo Delivers Remarks (State Department archive photo)
Mike Pompeo, Secretary of State
Washington, DC
May 8, 2018
As we exit the Iran deal, we will be working with our allies to find a real, comprehensive, and lasting solution to the Iranian threat. We have a shared interest with our allies in Europe and around the world to prevent Iran from ever developing a nuclear weapon. But our effort is broader than just the nuclear threat and we will be working together with partners to eliminate the threat of Iran’s ballistic missile program; to stop its terrorist activities worldwide; and to block its menacing activity across the Middle East and beyond. As we build this global effort, sanctions will go into full effect and will remind the Iranian regime of the diplomatic and economic isolation that results from its reckless and malign activity. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7333 | Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Genome Biology
Fig. 4
From: Mash Screen: high-throughput sequence containment estimation for genome discovery
Fig. 4
Correlation of Mash Screen containment scores with DIAMOND read mapping identity, each using six-frame translations to compare nucleotide reads to protein reference sequences. Each point represents a gene from the recruited set chosen for the experiment. Position on the x-axis corresponds to global alignment identity estimated from mapping, while position on the y-axis represents the containment score for the same protein as reported by Mash Screen. Coloring represents the Mash Screen p value. The points indicated by arrows have legitimate alignments that were not picked up by DIAMOND with its most sensitive settings; in orange a short (20aa) sequence (AMP55843.1) and in magenta sequences with low-complexity regions (ESV13988.1, EYQ74458.1, WP_002468660.1) that were not aligned despite disabling the low-complexity filter. Points along the x-axis represent the limits of Mash Screen’s sensitivity. For these genes, mismatches were common enough, and evenly distributed enough, to change all k-mers indexed by Mash Screen, which in this case were 9 amino acids long
Back to article page |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7343 | Genes in this group provide instructions for making related proteins called myosins. Myosins are often referred to as molecular motors because they use energy to move. They interact with another protein called actin; actin proteins are organized into filaments to form a network (the cytoskeleton) that gives structure to cells and can act as a track for myosin to move along. Some myosin proteins attach (bind) to other proteins and transport them within and between cells along the actin track.
Some myosins are involved in muscle contraction. These myosins interact with other myosin proteins, forming thick filaments. In muscle cells, thick filaments made up of myosin and thin filaments made up of actin compose structures called sarcomeres, which are the basic units of muscle contraction. The overlapping thick and thin filaments bind to each other and release, which allows the filaments to move relative to one another so that muscles can contract. Mutations in genes that provide instructions for making muscle myosins can cause severe abnormalities in the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) or in the heart (cardiac) muscle. Cardiac muscle abnormalities can lead to heart failure and sudden death.
Myosin proteins are involved in many cellular functions. Their ability to transport materials and create force through contractions make them important in the process of cell division. Myosins are also involved in cell movement. Some myosins are found in specialized structures in the inner ear known as stereocilia. These myosins are thought to help properly organize the stereocilia. Abnormalities in these myosins can cause deafness.
Examples of genes in this gene group: MYH3, MYH6, MYH7, MYH9, MYH11, MYO5A, MYO5B, MYO7A
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) provides an index of gene groups and their member genes.
Dantzig JA, Liu TY, Goldman YE. Functional studies of individual myosin molecules. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct;1080:1-18. Review. PubMed: 17132771.
Hartman MA, Spudich JA. The myosin superfamily at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2012 Apr 1;125(Pt 7):1627-32. doi: 10.1242/jcs.094300. PubMed: 22566666. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC3346823.
Syamaladevi DP, Spudich JA, Sowdhamini R. Structural and functional insights on the Myosin superfamily. Bioinform Biol Insights. 2012;6:11-21. doi: 10.4137/BBI.S8451. Epub 2012 Feb 1. PubMed: 22399849. Free full-text available from PubMed Central: PMC3290112. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7360 | Gorgeous and Green's 1st Anniversary Party
Celebrating our 1st Anniversary! Thursday, 2/24 6 - 8 pm @ Gorgeous and Green
2524 San Pablo Ave, Berkeley 94702
Our event is open to the community, so bring a friend and join us for drinks and apps. Feel free to bring something to share or just a smile.
Special guest entertainment.
As a thank you for your continued support, 20% will be taken off all purchases made during the event. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7366 | Grace and Truth
…all the words of this life…
Wisdom From my Homeless Friend Shaz
“You tell me this”, said Shaz* as we sat over coffee, “You tell me: if there was a homeless person lying in the gutter, would it be a Christian or a druggie that stopped and helped him? It would be the druggie every time.”
The parable of the Good Samaritan came to mind. And I knew she was right.
I said “I agree with you Shaz.”
That stopped her for a second.
We had met for a coffee, but when we got there she refused to have one. Said she’s not paying that amount for a coffee. I offered to buy her one but she refused that as well. So I drank my coffee and she sat opposite me with nothing. Instead she had the sugar bowl. With a spoon she stirred and stirred as she spoke. The constant stirring was mesmerising and I had to tear my eyes away from it. Also it was easier than looking in to her tormented eyes the whole time.
But when I agreed with her, she stopped stirring for a second and said,
“Ha – we agree on something. What do we do now?”
Shaz’s and my relationship isn’t an easy one. To be honest, I have no idea how to handle her. And that’s something I constantly say to the Lord, believe me.
Before Shaz, I thought I was pretty experienced with all sorts of people. When we had our home church for the outcasts there were times where we had seven heroin addicts sitting around our table at once for lunch. We have had neo-nazi’s in our home, murderers, profoundly mentally disturbed people, lonely people, homeless ones, ice addicts, people I met while street preaching, whoever God sent. They were difficult and God always gave us grace for each one.
I first met Shaz in March. I preached at the homeless mission in the city and she was there. Full of anger, bitterness, hard, cold as anything, she told me what her father had done to her from a terribly young age. She asked me how God could forgive someone like that if he repented. And why would she want to go to a place (heaven) where that animal might possibly be? She spat at me that nobody has been able to help her, even Christians.
As I listened to her story my heart broke. And she was right too, I didn’t know how to help her. What the heck do I say to this woman who had been so wounded by the one who should have protected her? ‘Oh God’, I cried out in my heart, ‘help me! I don’t know what to do! I don’t know what to say to her.’
I didn’t know what to do, so I just put my arms around her little body, my head on her shoulder and cried. I sobbed. I said I am so, so sorry that this happened to you and I was. I cried and cried as she stood there silent, as stiff as a board while I wet her shoulder with my tears.
Then she moved away from me and I heard her swearing and cursing as she left. I said to God that I am sorry I failed. I couldn’t get through to her and I had no idea how to help her.
Two weeks later she was back at the mission.
She came over to me and said roughly, “the compassion you showed me that other night saved my life. I was going to go home and neck myself but after I met you I didn’t want to anymore.”
Then she swore and cursed Christians and left.
And pretty much that has been our relationship since. She clings to me, she pushes me away. She seeks me out, she runs and hides. Like a puppy who’s been abused and is scared of being hurt again. One time she came up behind me at the mission and hugged me. She literally clung to me. The anointing and love of the Holy Spirit came upon me so strongly that I just cried and prayed in tongues while I hugged her back. And she clung and clung. Then she ran out of the building.
As we sat at coffee that morning she cursed and called me a hypocrite. Everything I said to her was wrong, and she told me off the whole time. It was exhausting.
I left feeling like I had failed, yet there was an inexplicable joy in my spirit.
Two days later in the mail I got a card from Shaz in child-like, painstakingly neat handwriting saying that she can’t tell me this to my face but I am the only true friend she has ever had and that she loves me.
She said she doesn’t know how to be with “normal” people and that is why she hangs out with the street-people.
I cry for these ones. These ones who haven’t known love.
Not long after this we visited a local Baptist church, a good and decent church we sometimes go to. The pastor explained that they want to build a bigger auditorium to be able to seat more people at once to cut down on the number of services over weekends. To do this they are raising $2 million to replace the perfectly good auditorium they already have. I looked around and I knew that they would get that $2 million.
I cry for the church.
*not her real name |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7384 | Pogahn Passage Mission
Map of Pogahn Passage (mission)
This is a mission entry. For information on the location Pogahn Passage, see Pogahn Passage (location).
Speak with Jack of Truths with Margrid the Sly in your party to enter this mission.
If your character chose to follow Master of Whispers (after the primary quest Mysterious Message) and has not yet gained Margrid, you can still enter this mission by partying with another player who can bring her. You don't need to finish Master of Whispers' side of the storyline by completing the Rilohn Refuge mission.
Rescue Kormir from Gandara.
• Escort Margrid to the Gandaran treasure vault to retrieve the Diadem of Lady Glaive.
• Free Kormir from the Kournan prison.
• BONUS Complete optional objectives
• ADDED Optional: Escort the Sunspear prisoners to the prison.
• ADDED Optional: Obtain the prison code for entry into the prison.
• ADDED Optional: The demon is out of control! You can either help the guards or stand aside and let them fight on their own.
• ADDED Optional: Take over gate duty for some guards
Reward Optional Objectives Completed XP Gold Skill Points Sunspear points
Standard 0..2 1,000 100 1 20
Expert's 3 1,500 150 1 20
Master's 4 2,000 200 1 20
Hard mode
Standard 0..2 1,000 200 1 70
Expert's 3 2,000 300 1 70
Master's 4 3,000 500 1 70
The mission succeeds when you reach the escape pier with both Kormir and Shahai the Cunning alive within 15 minutes of rescuing them. The mission fails when the party wipes, if either Kormir and Shahai dies, or if you fail to escape within the alloted 15 minutes. Margrid doesn't have to survive.
You start out in a Kournan Guardsman disguise and none of the Kournans are hostile. The "U" map shows mission flags which are the locations of mission and optional objectives.
Go to the vault (location #5 on the map) to initiate a dialogue that results in the Kournans giving you the gem that Margrid is after (there is no actual gem in your inventory).
Next you open the gate to the prison island (location #6) by talking to Prison Keeper Shelkesh. If you got the code from Kahturin (location #1, see Bonus below) and answer the password question correctly, he'll open the gate without a fight. If you did not get the gate code or if somehow you manage to answer his gate code question wrong, then he'll turn hostile, summon hostile guards that spawn, and the gate will open when he dies.
Next, free Kormir and Shahai the Cunning by defeating all the Kournans on the small island of Kormir's prison (location #7). When the last Kournan dies there is a cut scene where you learn about Kormir's condition and about Shahai, they are released, and you lose your disguise.
Once you rescue Kormir, a timer will start and all the Kournan's become hostile. You then have 15 minutes to fight your way to the end of the pier at the southwest area of the fortress (location #9), which is about double the amount of time you should need. Reach the end of the pier with Kormir and Shahai to complete the mission.
Bug Bug! Very rarely one of Kournan soldiers becomes stuck in the prison cell. Normal attacks don't affect him so he can only be killed by skills directly affecting health, or by some AoE skills. If you don't have them, you will be unable to complete mission since the release-prisoner cut scene will not trigger.
After clearing one group of Kournans after the cut scene (at the end of the long island bridge), approach the next (area #8) group staying off the stairs, but do not attack it. Another large group from further back will then run up. Back off well away from the stairs and fight the latter group by itself first, before clearing the former group.
There are many small groups of mobs in the remainder of the mission, often not linked to each other where one might expect that they would be. In particular, if you pull Guard Linko's group, you can clear it before fighting Colonel Kajo's, even though the latter will move up to Linko's spawn point when you aggro Linko.
At the end of the mission, Captain Nebo is in a group with several Kournans at the end of the pier. Four Kournan Guards are further up, and not linked to Nebo's group. If all members of Nebo's group stay back, you can pull and clear the guards first. If Nebo's group comes when you try to pull the guards, you can run away, and the guards will give up chasing, leaving you to fight Nebo's group alone.
There are many obstacles in the area, which can block a lot of attacks. Such obstacles will block Nebo's devastating Fireball, but will have no effect on his Meteor.
The bonus is trivial. Three of the four bonuses for this mission simply involve talking to someone along your route; the 4th involves the simple dispatch of a demon likewise along your route. All the bonus objectives must be accomplished before you free Kormir since the entire city becomes hostile and nobody will talk to you.
At Location #1, obtain the prison code at the entrance of the fortress by talking to Guard Captain Kahturin. The password is 20 - 1 - 8 - 7. When the prison gate keeper Shelkesh (location 6) asks you to tell him the password, simply choose the correct answer to enter.
At location #2, talk to Captain Nahnkos and accept the charge of 3 Sunspear Prisoners, the bonus is complete when one of them gets to the prison. They become party window Allies and follow the leader for the remainder of the mission. Although one of the three is all you need to complete this bonus, you may wish to go back for any that get stuck, as they will fight with you as allies after the cutscene.
At location #3, help the guards kill the Demon Spawn.
At location #4, talk to Guard Linko in the south-southeast corner of the fortress. He complains about guard duty and you accept his request to take over his shift for him, no problem. You then continue. The displayed objective "Take over gate duty of some of the guards." is misleading, that objective is already done.
Bug Bug! When escorting the prisoners to the jail often it will not show the bonus objective as having been completed. Nevertheless you will be awarded Masters for the mission if you have completed this and all the other bonus objectives.
Hard mode
None of your NPC allies are very durable. Mobs will usually target Sunspear Prisoners before Kormir or Shahai the Cunning, and Kormir and Shahai are the only ones you need to keep alive. When trying to pull mobs, it helps immensely to be able to pull from flatbow range, so that your NPC allies won't get too close to mobs and then be unable to run away. This can also keep them from running up to mobs that aggro and thus grabbing an additional group.
If necessary, you can sometimes just run by Nebo's group, get Kormir and Shahai to follow, and trigger the cutscene to complete the mission as your party is in the process of wiping. Depending on how many mobs that spawn on the pier are already dead, this runs a substantial risk of either Kormir or Shahai getting body blocked and promptly dying, but offers a satisfactory chance of succeeding if you are about to run out of time.
Bosses - elite skill captures
Inside the mission
Margrid the Sly: Remember our deal, Sunspears. First we grab the Diadem of Lady Glaive. Then we rescue your precious Kormir.
Margrid the Sly: The last I knew, the Kournans stored the Diadem in the vault, which is heavily guarded. I'll handle the guards when we get there. You just keep quiet and we'll be fine.
Margrid the Sly: Keep your eyes open for anything that might help cover our escape while we're in the fortress. Once we break Kormir out we'll need every advantage we can get to escape from this rock.
Margrid the Sly: You there! General Bayel sent me for the Diadem of Lady Glaive! You'd better get it quick...before he sends one of his pet demons instead.
Vault Master Eijah: General Bayel sent you? It must be for that ambush he's setting up. Here is the Diadem. Make sure it doesn't fall into enemy hands!
Margrid the Sly: The general will be most pleased with your quick response. We'll be sure to keep the Diadem from falling into the...wrong...hands.
Margrid the Sly: The stories about Bayel must be closer to the truth than I thought if that little ruse worked so well. Let's get out of here before they get suspicious.
Jailer Gahanni: Your time is almost up, Kormir. The executioner is on his way here to take care of you and your friend.
Margrid the Sly: Looks like we're just in time. Lets [sic] move in before we're too late!
Margrid the Sly: Let's get out of here! We have boats waiting by the dock. We just need to get to them....
Intermediate cutscene
<party leader>: Kormir! We're here to free you!
Shahai the Cunning: Sister! You've come to rescue me!
<party leader>: Sister?
Margrid the Sly: Shahai! Um, of course! You think I would leave my sister to the Kournans?
<party leader>: Kormir?
Kormir: Give me a moment. Night has fallen. At least for me.
<party leader>: What happened?
Kormir: Our hosts were... less than gracious.
Shahai the Cunning: Varesh's demons blinded her. They have a taste for eyes.
Kormir: I can manage. You lead. I shall follow.
Margrid the Sly: Let's ditch these outfits. Now that we've sprung the prisoners, this place is going to be crawling with soldiers!
Ending cutscene
<party leader>: Kormir, we're going to get you back to Istan.
Kormir: Istan? No, you need to go north, to Vabbi.
<party leader>: There's no way to get past the fortress of Jahai.
Kormir: There is another way. There is a passage at the back of the Waterworks of Mahnkelon.
Margrid the Sly: You told her about that?
Shahai the Cunning: So I took a risk.
Kormir: The passage leads to an old smuggler's cave. The cave will lead to Vabbi.
<party leader>: You need a healer's attention.
Shahai the Cunning: I can get Kormir to safety.
Margrid the Sly: And I can take you to the passage, but we'll have to be quick about it!
Margrid the Sly: Very quick about it!
Bayel: What is your problem, hound?!
The Hunger: A prisoner has escaped. The one touched by Abaddon.
Bayel: Sunspears! After them.
The Hunger: All in good time, mortal.
Bayel: What are you waiting for?!
The Hunger: You misunderstand, little mortal. You are not my master.
Bayel: You are charged to help me hunt these Sunspears. You will do as I say.
The Hunger: I answer to my lord Abaddon. I answer to Warmarshal Varesh. I do not answer to you. Are we clear?
Bayel: I am Varesh's general. You should respect...
The Hunger: Varesh does not need generals anymore. She needs us. Do not make her choose.
The Hunger: We are partners, at best, until all your Sunspears are slain.
Bayel: And then?
The Hunger: Then? We will renegotiate. I know where these Sunspears are going. Follow me.
• Upon completion of the mission players will find themselves in: Moddok Crevice
• To continue the storyline, do the mission in this outpost.
• Non-human heroes can be taken with you, but are not disguised. This has no effect on mission itself.
• The Fortress of Gandara itself is only accessible during this mission and the Consulate Docks mission. It can easily be fully explored during this mission, as all the Kournans will be neutral until you free Kormir and Shahai from the prison.
• Once the jailer finds out about the prison break and turns hostile, his guards will waste time killing their own spirits and casting new ones because the spirits do not turn hostile.
• There is a closed gate on the west side of the port, but you still can walk through it.
• Most of the cutscene dialogues of General Bayel talking to The Hunger are the same as in the ending cutscene of Rilohn Refuge.
• There are several references to Star Wars during this mission:
• The base is nicknamed "The Moon Fortress" due to its shape, that of a crescent moon. This is probably a reference to the Death Star which was mistaken for a "small moon" by Luke Skywalker.
• If you take Zhed; you, he, and Margrid will re-enact a funny dialogue from Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope before entering the fortress:
• Zhed:You're all mad! You may be able to dress up as Kournans, two-legs. But what am I supposed to be, your mascot?
• Player:Margrid, hand me those manacles there, will you? Okay, now I'm going to put these on you...
• Zhed: Grrrrr ...ROOOAAAR!
• Player: Okay... Margrid... You put these on him.
• Margrid: Don't worry, Zhed. I think I know what <Player> has in mind.
• Also, if you take Zhed, you will tell the guards that he is being transferred from cell 1138, which is the same as the cell that Luke states to a guard that Chewbacca is being transferred to. In its original usage, this was also a reference to the film THX 1138, the first film made by George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars.
• One of the options the Prison Guard gives you for the prison code is "Blue Harvest", which was the production code for Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi.
• Should you choose not to escort the Sunspear Prisoners for that part of the bonus, the dialogue for declining is, "These are not the guards you are looking for", a reference to a line spoken by Obi-Wan Kenobi.
• The code for the prison (20-1-8-7) is Princess Leia's cell number when she is being held on the Death Star.
• Right before the area with the demon, there are two guards talking, one being at a loss for words trying to describe how awful the gruel is with the other supplying the word he wants to use as "soylent." The latter then advises the former not to eat the cornbread. This conversation is a reference to the movie Soylent Green.
• The reference to cornbread may also be a reference to the movie Aliens.
• Gandara is a Portugese surname, and there are several places in Portugal that bear this name. None of them are fortresses, though.
Nightfall Campaign Missions
Nightfall Mission icon (Elona) |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7385 | Parsis and Jews in India
Cyrus the Great, King of Persia and a Zoroastrian, ended the Jews’ long captivity in Babylon, and commanded them to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem
Market near Bhadra Fortress, Ahmedabad
The places of worship of two of India’s minority religions face each other at one end of a small street in central Ahmedabad, not far from the busy market-place by the Bhadra Fortress. One building is the Magen Abraham Synagogue. Opposite, is a Parsi Fire Temple (‘agiari’). Both the Parsis and the Jewish people settled in India long ago and have lived there peacefully ever since. In proportion to their small numbers compared with the rest of India’s huge population, both communities, especially the Parsis, have made a disproportionately large positive contribution to the success of the country. In view of the great benefits they have provided to the country, some say that the Parsis are the ‘Jews of India’. Is this a fair description?
The Portuguese Jesuit priest Father Anthony Monserrate visited India in the early 1580s. After meeting Parsis in Navsari, he commented that they were: “…in colour they are white but are extremely similar to the Jews in the rest of their physical and mental characteristics, in their dress and in their religion.” This illustrates the priest’s poor understanding of the Parsis’ religion but does hint at his feeling that they had some similarities to Jewish people. Other travellers since the 16th century have remarked on similarities in the ways of life and public spiritedness of Jews and Parsis.
Parsi community office, Ahmedabad
The Parsis, followers of the Zoroastrian religion, fled to India from Persia during the 7th century AD to escape the Arab invaders, who wished to impose Islam on their home land. They began settling in Gujarat, where they have thrived for many years without suffering any more oppression than their Hindu neighbours. During various episodes of Islamic rule in India, both the Parsis and the Hindus suffered at the hands of their rulers.
Parsi Fire Temple, Ahmedabad
Nobody is sure when Jewish people first settled in India. Likewise, no one is certain why they did. It might have been, like the Parsis, to escape oppression or, maybe, for commercial reasons. There were Jewish people in Kerala when St Thomas first landed there soon after the death of Jesus Christ. Other Jews arrived on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts later. They were refugees from the persecution of Jews on the Iberian Peninsula following the expulsion of the Moors. Later, others arrived from Iraq. The Jews of Kerala, who have had a largely successful history, and have now mostly emigrated, are different from the Jews, the more indigenous Bene Israel, who settled the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Magen Abraham Synagogue, Ahmedabad
The small congregation of the Magen Abraham Synagogue in Ahmedabad is Bene Israeli. Their origins are quite unknown. In my new book about Gujarat, I wrote: “Ahmedabad’s small Jewish congregation are Bene Israel Jews, whose origin is totally obscure, but the subject of much speculation. One of these is that the ancestors of Bene Israel Jews were originally sailors in King Solomon’s fleet, who got wrecked at Navgaon near Alibag. However, Benjamin Israel, author of ‘The Bene Israel of India’, wrote that there is no evidence for this. Nor is there any good evidence about when the Bene Israel began living in India.
Magen Abraham Synagogue, Ahmedabad
The numbers of both Parsis and Jews in India are declining. Like many other Indians with economic and other ambitions, both Parsis and Jews have emigrated to ‘improve’ their lives. Parsi numbers in India and beyond its borders are decreasing because of lowered birth-rate. Sayeed Unisa, RB Bhagat, and TK Roy wrote in their paper “Demographic Predicament of Parsis in India” (see: : “Parsis are a small but prosperous religious community of India, which reached a peak of population of about 114 thousand in 1941. The recent census enumerated Parsi population about 69 thousand in 2001.” They concluded that based on available statistics, the population will continue to decline by between 0.6% and 1% per year.
In contrast, the decline in India’s Jewish population is far less to do with birth rates than with emigration. Jewish people have not left India because of persecution. It is safe to say that Jews in India have never been persecuted by Indians or their Islamic invaders. The Portuguese, who began occupying seaports on the coast of India in the 15th century, were almost the only people to persecute the Jews they encountered. Many of them were victims of the Inquisition in Goa. The main reasons for Jewish migration from India are to do with the establishment of the State of Israel and seeking economic betterment.
Many centuries have passed since both the Parsis and the various Jewish communities first settled in India. None of them have encountered as much persecution as the Parsis in 7th century Persia and the Jews in most of Europe. India provided these minorities with a safe haven. In return, both Jews and Parsis have given much to India.
Magen Abraham Synagogue, Ahmedabad
Is it reasonable to consider the Parsis as the ‘Jews of India’?
In terms of religious beliefs and customs, apart from monotheism, there are many differences. Like many of the Jews, the Parsis arrived in India as refugees, fleeing from persecution. Considered from the vantage point of what they have done for the greater good of India, the charitable Parsi communities have contributed to the well-being of India in a magnitude that is infinitely greater than their tiny population is in comparison with that of the country. In this respect, the Parsis resemble the successful Jewish communities of, say, Germany (formerly!), Great Britain, and the USA.
Adam Yamey’s new book about Gujarat, Daman, and Diu
is available in paperback by clicking HERE
A downloadable Kindle version is available by clicking HERE
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7388 | Pythagoras theorem and financial polynomials essay
Please see comments at the bottom for more explanation: A topic sentence, or thesis, that details the main point s of the paragraph: Alexander the Great was a successful ruler because he created long lasting effects on cultures that still continue to this day [jr1].
Pythagoras theorem and financial polynomials essay
The Maths Olympiad Tips and Tricks cover all the classes and each topic of a particular class.
You can also find Maths notes for classes In a particular Maths notes, we also have Maths Quiz for classesso that you can practice maths questions and be confident while giving Maths exams. To help you prepare for Maths exam, we also have Maths Tricks for competitive exams and Maths Olympiad tricks for classes The Maths Tricks are shown with solved examples to help you understand the concept even better.
Pythagoras theorem and financial polynomials essay
The maths preparation material comes with all Maths formulae for classes Along with this, we also have Maths Gifs which will help children to learn Mathematics and maths figures with 3D figures. Read our complete guide for Maths class and be a Mathematics Genius.
We also have Maths Definitions with illustrated images to understand Mathematics and make the foundation even better. In Maths dictionary, we have tried to cover all the Maths terms that are generally used and then we have tried to explain them with their respective images. The Maths quiz section covers Maths quiz for each topic of maths for classes In the last, we have math calculator which you use side by side to while you attempt a maths quiz.
The maths calculator consists of almost every calculator that is used in a daily life.
Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (theorems) - Wikipedia
Read our complete guide for Maths Preparation and be a maths genius.Grade 9 math Here is a list of all of the math skills students learn in grade 9! These skills are organized into categories, and you can move your mouse over any skill name to preview the skill.
Financial polynomial For the case of financial polynomials, I have first to write the polynomial without the parenthesis. Following the above, I have to solve for p= + r = 10% for part A and then solve for p= $ + r = . Maybe it's high time we started naming functions and theorems after what they prove instead of who thought them up, or maybe include both thinker and proof in .
Worksheet given in this section is much useful to the students who would like to practice problems on Pythagorean theorem in the coordinate plane. The Pythagorean Theorem In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse.
Pythagoras theorem and financial polynomials essay
] Pythagoras and the First Proof 27 ] Euclid’s Wonderful Windmill 36 ] Liu Hui Packs the Squares 45 ] Kurrah Transforms the Bride’s Chair 49 ] Bhaskara Unleashes the Power of Algebra 53 The Pythagorean Theorem has . Math and Pre-Algebra Cheat Sheet: This is a how-to-guide with steps to solve order of operations, rounding off, add, subtract, multiply, and divide and subtract fractions, solving equations, monomials, polynomials, and more. Cheat sheet is 37 pages.
Radical equations (Algebra 1, Radical expressions) – Mathplanet |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7391 | This is just a small example of what you can do as a Halo 2 cartographer!
Example is a custom made map included in Halo 2 Vista's built-in map editor as an example of what players can do when making their own maps. It isn't technically an actual map, but it is included in the game's map editor files by default. It can be acquired by installing the Halo 2 Vista Map Editor.
This map features a weapon new to gameplay, but has already been in Halo: First Strike, Halo Graphic Novel and The Art of Halo; the M7S Sub Machine Gun. The Suppressed SMG is a standard M7 Caseless Sub Machine Gun with a suppressor attached to the barrel, making it less noisy and reducing muzzle flash. It also has a laser sight. - Nearly identical to the Halo 3: ODST version.
Interesting to note is that if considered an actual map, it is the only one in Halo 2 which spawns the Fuel Rod Cannon, which is only available to players in the campaign (and when making custom maps). Example is also the smallest map in any Halo game. It's so small that it barely fits two players, making it a map of "spawn killing" chaos when it is played with an excessive number of players.
• This is the only multiplayer map included with Halo 2 Vista which is not considered a "real" map.
• The design of the map is similar to the interior of the Forerunner structure from 343 Guilty Spark with the only difference being the energy bridges being replaced with ones made of solid matter.
• The laser sights tends to be inaccurate and is just a small red line on the wall. It usually doesn't point at the spot where the bullets will land. It is just an example of the way you can modify weapons.
• This map uses the eerie sounds that Hang 'Em High does, and this map uses the same shade of grey that Hang 'Em High does as well.
• This map uses the same skybox as Ascension.
• This is the only Halo 2 map not included in Halo: The Master Chief Collection.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7397 | 10 Possible Causes of a Blown Fuse and What to Do
You hear a pop and all the power goes out. Everyone says, "Probably a blown fuse," but what does that even mean and what causes it? Find out here.
Most people probably have experienced a blown fuse at one time or another. Someone always knows what to do when this happens. If you’re a homeowner, that person probably is you. Blown fuses are a common occurrence.
But how often do you actually think about what might have caused the fuse to blow, much less called an electrician to make sure everything’s OK? If you’re like most people, the answer to that is probably “Never.”
So today we’re going to guide you through your electrical panel or fuse box, as well as many things in your home that are connected to it, and give you what should prove to be very helpful information.
First, A Word About Fuses
Most people nowadays have had the old-fashioned fuse panels (also known as fuse boxes) in their homes replaced by modern electrical panels with circuit breakers–if the fuse boxes were even still there when they purchased their houses.
Yet people commonly use the expression “blown fuse” to describe just about any unexpected electricity-related occurrence, especially one involving a loss of power.
A “blown fuse” can mean many different things–several of which have little to do with actual fuses. This makes it hard to answer the question, “Why do fuses blow?”
You might be wondering, then, how to tell if a fuse is blown–an actual fuse, that is. You will see that the fuse has melted, and there might be charring on the panel.
A true fuse typically consists of a piece of metal, most commonly an encased wire, that actually melts when overheated. This is what stops the fault (aka “short” or “power surge”). The destroyed fuse must then be replaced with a new one.
Circuit breakers, on the other hand, have internal switches that are tripped by electrical surges to temporarily disable a given circuit. The breakers reset and can be “switched back on”–so there is no need to replace anything.
10 Possible Causes of a “Blown Fuse”
Much of the time, it’s technically inaccurate to refer to a “blown fuse,” so in this article, we’ll offer you some new concepts and vocabulary to describe your various electrical concerns.
If you’re wondering what actually went wrong when your “fuse blew,” take a look at the following list. And call your electrician if necessary or you’re in doubt.
Cause 1: An Overloaded Circuit
You should be able to spot the culprit in this case by looking for an outlet or maybe an individual appliance that’s being used to heavily. Picture a power strip with a plugin every outlet it has, especially if what’s plugged in are high-energy-users.
The Fix: Cut back on all that power that’s tapping a single circuit. Find outlets on other circuits to plug into or (better yet) unplug what you aren’t using.
Cause 2: A Short Circuit
A short circuit is a type of electrical fault. Faults, in general, occur when an electrical current strays beyond its intended path (circuit) due to a lack of resistance (e.g., from insulation or a circuit breaker).
The result is a weak connection between the two conductors supplying electrical power to the circuit. This causes excessive current flow in the power source by way of the “short” or “fault.”
Overloaded wires will overflow and cause damage. A short circuit might even cause the electrical device responsible for it to be destroyed. Short circuits are typically stopped by circuit breakers, though, hence their name.
The Fix: Make sure the faulty device is unplugged and there is no damage to the outlet. First, test the circuit. Then check for any damage on or around the electrical panel.
If you see any damage, call an electrician before doing anything else with it. If there is none, flip the breaker switch back to its operating position. If it trips again, though, call an electrician.
Cause 3: A Ground Fault
A ground fault is a specific type of short circuit in which the unintentional pathway of the straying electrical current flows directly to the earth (ground) or touches a grounded part of the system (such as a grounding wire or the electric box).
The danger of shock increases when a person is in direct contact with the weak path to the ground. That’s why kitchens and bathrooms usually are equipped with GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlets.
The Fix: This is essentially the same as the fix for a short circuit. Be sure and test all affected system components and electrical devices. Call an electrician if something is still amiss.
Cause 4: An Arc Fault
Arc faults result from problems with wiring and terminal connections–for example, a loose terminal screw. Arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs), if your home has them and they’re up-to-date, will trip a circuit if a spark forms along faulty wiring.
The Fix: This is basically the same as the above two. If your home has AFCIs, the fault should have tripped the circuit. If it does not have AFCIs, then check for damage and call an electrician if necessary.
Cause 5: A Problem with the Circuit or the Breaker
Was the breaker tripped? In other words, is one of the switches on the panel flipped? If so, the circuit breakers are doing what they were meant to do: cutting off the flow of electricity because of some type of surge (fault) or other problem.
The Fix: Before resetting the breaker, check for any indications of damage.
If the breaker trips again, there could be a problem. Monitor it and if it keeps tripping, call an electrician to check.
Cause 6: The Wrong Type of Fuse Was Installed
Fuses come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. Many look similar but actually have very different functions. If you or someone else installed the wrong fuse in a fuse panel and there has been no personal harm or property damage …
You are very lucky. Whatever happened to blow the fuse could have done considerable harm. You need to call an electrician right away to ensure no further damage occurs. In the meantime, do not go near the fuse box.
The Fix:
Your electrician will say one thing: get rid of the fuse panel! And this is exactly what you should do. Fuse panels haven’t been installed in homes for several decades; their technology lacks most of the safety features of modern circuit breakers.
blown fuse outlet
Cause 7: Damaged or Outdated Electrical Outlets
Any faulty wiring or connected parts risk a power fault (surge), which trips a circuit (or blows a fuse). So, again, the problem is not that the circuit breaker (or fuse) didn’t do its job but rather that there was faulty equipment.
The Fix: Have the faulty outlet repaired, and then have an electrical inspection done on your entire home to identify any other faulty or damaged outlets or other potential problems.
Knowing that one outlet had problems, an inspection should ease your mind. Any recommended repairs resulting from the inspection will ease it even more.
Cause 8: Damaged Wiring
We can say essentially the same thing here, with the very important caveat that damaged wiring can go unnoticed far longer and much more easily than damaged outlets can since the wiring is mostly hidden inside the walls of your house.
Because of this, instead of a “fix” for this item, we offer a list from the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) of ways to detect possible problems with internal wiring in your house:
• Keep track of breaker trips.
• Look and listen for flickering, buzzing, or dimming lights.
• Look out for frayed or chewed wiring.
• Search for discoloration, scorching, and smoke.
• Feel for warm or vibrating wall outlets
• Smell for burning and odd odors.
We recommend you use the link above to read NECA’s full list, which includes detailed explanations of these items.
Cause 9: Your House Still Has a Fuse Box and 100-Amp Service
You must have been running very few electrical devices up to this point. We’ll assume that you added a device or two, or else overtaxed one you were already using (e.g., by turning the oven up to “broil”). Consider this a wake-up call.
The Fix: We hate to tell you, but the fix in this situation is to call your electrician and have a discussion about upgrading the service and replacing that very old fuse panel.
Cause 10: Your Electrical Service Needs to be Updated
Those “blown fuses” probably will get to be an increasingly frequent occurrence and you will need to keep resetting your circuit breakers. In the 21st century, our demand for electricity is just much greater than it was in the 20th century.
Unless you want to put yourself and your family on a very strict electricity “diet,” it’s time for what electricians call a “heavy up,” which refers to the 200-amp system upgrade that will allow you to safely plug in and heat up your electrical devices.
You probably won’t know the upgrade is needed until you’ve had it checked out, but what a great opportunity to hang out with your electrician for a day or so!
safety check of blown fuse outside light
Should You Have an Electrical Inspection?
If you have an older home and/or have been experiencing random small electrical concerns (such as frequently tripped circuit breakers) then, yes, an electrical inspection would be a good idea.
Be aware, though that there are three different types of electrical inspections: one done by a licensed home inspector, one done by a state inspector, and one done by a licensed electrician.
Licensed Home Inspector
If you are having concerns about the safe and effective functioning or your home’s electrical system, you do not want a licensed home inspector for this job. They do not have a licensed electrician’s depth of knowledge on this subject.
A licensed home inspector will look at visible parts of the electrical system, including the panel and circuit breaker switches, test GFCI outlets, and examine any other easily accessible parts. If you have concerns, you need more than this.
State Electrical Inspector
The state inspector most often works with an electrician you’ve hired, both at the start of the work and after it’s completed.
This person’s job is to make sure the work done complies with the electrical code for the specific state or whichever other jurisdiction applies (county, municipality, etc.). You can expect the electrician you hire to have this information.
Licensed Electrician
A licensed electrician is the person you want for this job. If you already have someone who’s done good work for you in the past, that person would be a great choice. You want someone who will do more than “scratch the surface.”
Besides concerns about the condition of your electrical system, there are various reasons to consider an inspection, such as:
• First and foremost, for you and your family’s overall safety
• If you don’t know much, if anything, about the history of your home’s wiring
• If your home has been flooded or there’s been a plumbing leak
• If you’re considering a remodeling project
• If you’re adding major appliances or other heavy-electricity-using items like a hot tub
Generally, these types of inspections aren’t too costly; however, in the case of your home’s electrical system, savings are about much more than money. Take care of what you need to!
Have You “Blown a Fuse” Yet?
This was a lot to read! But we hope you’re taking some helpful information away. We also hope that, at the very least, you know the similarities and differences between fuses and circuit breakers!
And if you ever hear (or use) the expression “blown fuse” again, we’d expect you to be thinking about all the things that might mean. And it might not be long before no one has a reason to be speaking about fuses at all.
The number of actual blown fuses in this country is becoming fewer and fewer as people continue to have their old fuse boxes replaced by new electrical panels 200-amp service, and circuit breakers.
Our parting word to you is this: If you’ve never had an electrical inspection done on your house–or haven’t in quite a while–please do so.
Don’t worry about what this will cost since what’s lurking inside your electrical outlets and behind your walls is what you will literally get burned by. Just be sure to hire an experienced and knowledgeable licensed electrician.
If you have questions or are interested in our rates, just let us know. We’re always happy to help!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7399 | Printer Friendly
Chapter XLIII
There was no exaggeration in Marian's definition of Flintcomb-Ash farm as a starve-acre place. The single fat thing on the soil was Marian herself; and she was an importation. Of the three classes of village, the village cared for by its lord, the village cared for by itself, and the village uncared for either by itself or by its lord (in other words, the village of a resident squires's tenantry, the village of free or copy-holders, and the absentee-owner's village, farmed with the land) this place, Flintcomb-Ash, was the third.
But Tess set to work. Patience, that blending of moral courage with physical timidity, was now no longer a minor feature in Mrs Angel Clare; and it sustained her.
The swede-field in which she and her companion were set hacking was a stretch of a hundred odd acres, in one patch, on the highest ground of the farm, rising above stony lanchets or lynchets--the outcrop of siliceous veins in the chalk formation, composed of myriads of loose white flints in bulbous, cusped, and phallic shapes. The upper half of each turnip had been eaten off by the live-stock, and it was the business of the two women to grub up the lower or earthy half of the root with a hooked fork called a hacker, that it might be eaten also. Every leaf of the vegetable having already been consumed, the whole field was in colour a desolate drab; it was a complexion without features, as if a face, from chin to brow, should be only an expanse of skin. The sky wore, in another colour, the same likeness; a white vacuity of countenance with the lineaments gone. So these two upper and nether visages confronted each other all day long, the white face looking down on the brown face, and the brown face looking up at the white face, without anything standing between them but the two girls crawling over the surface of the former like flies.
Nobody came near them, and their movements showed a mechanical regularity; their forms standing enshrouded in Hessian "wroppers"--sleeved brown pinafores, tied behind to the bottom, to keep their gowns from blowing about--scant skirts revealing boots that reached high up the ankles, and yellow sheepskin gloves with gauntlets. The pensive character which the curtained hood lent to their bent heads would have reminded the observer of some early Italian conception of the two Marys.
They worked on hour after hour, unconscious of the forlorn aspect they bore in the landscape, not thinking of the justice or injustice of their lot. Even in such a position as theirs it was possible to exist in a dream. In the afternoon the rain came on again, and Marian said that they need not work any more. But if they did not work they would not be paid; so they worked on. It was so high a situation, this field, that the rain had no occasion to fall, but raced along horizontally upon the yelling wind, sticking into them like glass splinters till they were wet through. Tess had not known till now what was really meant by that. There are degrees of dampness, and a very little is called being wet through in common talk. But to stand working slowly in a field, and feel the creep of rain-water, first in legs and shoulders, then on hips and head, then at back, front, and sides, and yet to work on till the leaden light diminishes and marks that the sun is down, demands a distinct modicum of stoicism, even of valour.
Yet they did not feel the wetness so much as might be supposed. They were both young, and they were talking of the time when they lived and loved together at Talbothays Dairy, that happy green tract of land where summer had been liberal in her gifts; in substance to all, emotionally to these. Tess would fain not have conversed with Marian of the man who was legally, if not actually, her husband; but the irresistible fascination of the subject betrayed her into reciprocating Marian's remarks. And thus, as has been said, though the damp curtains of their bonnets flapped smartly into their faces, and their wrappers clung about them to wearisomeness, they lived all this afternoon in memories of green, sunny, romantic Talbothays.
"You can see a gleam of a hill within a few miles o' Froom Valley from here when 'tis fine," said Marian.
"Ah! Can you?" said Tess, awake to the new value of this locality.
So the two forces were at work here as everywhere, the inherent will to enjoy, and the circumstantial will against enjoyment. Marian's will had a method of assisting itself by taking from her pocket as the afternoon wore on a pint bottle corked with white rag, from which she invited Tess to drink. Tess's unassisted power of dreaming, however, being enough for her sublimation at present, she declined except the merest sip, and then Marian took a pull from the spirits.
"I've got used to it," she said, "and can't leave it off now. 'Tis my only comfort----You see I lost him: you didn't; and you can do without it perhaps."
Tess thought her loss as great as Marian's, but upheld by the dignity of being Angel's wife, in the letter at least, she accepted Marian's differentiation.
Amid this scene Tess slaved in the morning frosts and in the afternoon rains. When it was not swede-grubbing it was swede-trimming, in which process they sliced off the earth and the fibres with a bill-hook before storing the roots for future use. At this occupation they could shelter themselves by a thatched hurdle if it rained; but if it was frosty even their thick leather gloves could not prevent the frozen masses they handled from biting their fingers. Still Tess hoped. She had a conviction that sooner or later the magnanimity which she persisted in reckoning as a chief ingredient of Clare's character would lead him to rejoin her.
Marian, primed to a humorous mood, would discover the queer-shaped flints aforesaid, and shriek with laughter, Tess remaining severely obtuse. They often looked across the country to where the Var or Froom was know to stretch, even though they might not be able to see it; and, fixing their eyes on the cloaking gray mist, imagined the old times they had spent out there.
"Ah," said Marian, "how I should like another or two of our old set to come here! Then we could bring up Talbothays every day here afield, and talk of he, and of what nice times we had there, and o' the old things we used to know, and make it all come back a'most, in seeming!" Marian's eyes softened, and her voice grew vague as the visions returned. "I'll write to Izz Huett," she said. "She's biding at home doing nothing now, I know, and I'll tell her we be here, and ask her to come; and perhaps Retty is well enough now."
Tess had nothing to say against the proposal, and the next she heard of this plan for importing old Talbothays' joys was two or three days later, when Marian informed her that Izz had replied to her inquiry, and had promised to come if she could.
There had not been such a winter for years. It came on in stealthy and measured glides, like the moves of a chess-player. One morning the few lonely trees and the thorns of the hedgerows appeared as if they had put off a vegetable for an animal integument. Every twig was covered with a white nap as of fur grown from the rind during the night, giving it four times its usual stoutness; the whole bush or tree forming a staring sketch in white lines on the mournful gray of the sky and horizon. Cobwebs revealed their presence on sheds and walls where none had ever been observed till brought out into visibility by the crystallizing atmosphere, hanging like loops of white worsted from salient points of the out-houses, posts, and gates.
After this season of congealed dampness came a spell of dry frost, when strange birds from behind the North Pole began to arrive silently on the upland of Flintcomb-Ash; gaunt spectral creatures with tragical eyes--eyes which had witnessed scenes of cataclysmal horror in inaccessible polar regions of a magnitude such as no human being had ever conceived, in curdling temperatures that no man could endure; which had beheld the crash of icebergs and the slide of snow-hills by the shooting light of the Aurora; been half blinded by the whirl of colossal storms and terraqueous distortions; and retained the expression of feature that such scenes had engendered. These nameless birds came quite near to Tess and Marian, but of all they had seen which humanity would never see, they brought no account. The traveller's ambition to tell was not theirs, and, with dumb impassivity, they dismissed experiences which they did not value for the immediate incidents of this homely upland--the trivial movements of the two girls in disturbing the clods with their hackers so as to uncover something or other that these visitants relished as food.
Then one day a peculiar quality invaded the air of this open country. There came a moisture which was not of rain, and a cold which was not of frost. It chilled the eyeballs of the twain, made their brows ache, penetrated to their skeletons, affecting the surface of the body less than its core. They knew that it meant snow, and in the night the snow came. Tess, who continued to live at the cottage with the warm gable that cheered any lonely pedestrian who paused beside it, awoke in the night, and heard above the thatch noises which seemed to signify that the roof had turned itself into a gymnasium of all the winds. When she lit her lamp to get up in the morning she found that the snow had blown through a chink in the casement, forming a white cone of the finest powder against the inside, and had also come down the chimney, so that it lay sole-deep upon the floor, on which her shoes left tracks when she moved about. Without, the storm drove so fast as to create a snow-mist in the kitchen; but as yet it was too dark out-of-doors to see anything.
Tess knew that it was impossible to go on with the swedes; and by the time she had finished breakfast beside the solitary little lamp, Marian arrived to tell her that they were to join the rest of the women at reed-drawing in the barn till the weather changed. As soon, therefore, as the uniform cloak of darkness without began to turn to a disordered medley of grays, they blew out the lamp, wrapped themselves up in their thickest pinners, tied their woollen cravats round their necks and across their chests, and started for the barn. The snow had followed the birds from the polar basin as a white pillar of a cloud, and individual flakes could not be seen. The blast smelt of icebergs, arctic seas, whales, and white bears, carrying the snow so that it licked the land but did not deepen on it. They trudged onwards with slanted bodies through the flossy fields, keeping as well as they could in the shelter of hedges, which, however, acted as strainers rather than screens. The air, afflicted to pallor with the hoary multitudes that infested it, twisted and spun them eccentrically, suggesting an achromatic chaos of things. But both the young women were fairly cheerful; such weather on a dry upland is not in itself dispiriting.
"Ha-ha! the cunning northern birds knew this was coming," said Marian. "Depend upon't, they keep just in front o't all the way from the North Star. Your husband, my dear, is, I make no doubt, having scorching weather all this time. Lord, if he could only see his pretty wife now! Not that this weather hurts your beauty at all--in fact, it rather does it good."
"You mustn't talk about him to me, Marian," said Tess severely.
"Well, but--surely you care for'n! Do you?"
Instead of answering, Tess, with tears in her eyes, impulsively faced in the direction in which she imagined South America to lie, and, putting up her lips, blew out a passionate kiss upon the snowy wind.
"Well, well, I know you do. But 'pon my body, it is a rum life for a married couple! There--I won't say another word! Well, as for the weather, it won't hurt us in the wheat-barn; but reed-drawing is fearful hard work--worse than swede-hacking. I can stand it because I'm stout; but you be slimmer than I. I can't think why maister should have set 'ee at it."
They reached the wheat-barn and entered it. One end of the long structure was full of corn; the middle was where the reed-drawing was carried on, and there had already been placed in the reed-press the evening before as many sheaves of wheat as would be sufficient for the women to draw from during the day.
"Why, here's Izz!" said Marian.
Izz it was, and she came forward. She had walked all the way from her mother's home on the previous afternoon, and, not deeming the distance so great, had been belated, arriving, however, just before the snow began, and sleeping at the alehouse. The farmer had agreed with her mother at market to take her on if she came today, and she had been afraid to disappoint him by delay.
In addition to Tess, Marian, and Izz, there were two women from a neighbouring village; two Amazonian sisters, whom Tess with a start remembered as Dark Car the Queen of Spades and her junior the Queen of Diamonds--those who had tried to fight with her in the midnight quarrel at Trantridge. They showed no recognition of her, and possibly had none, for they had been under the influence of liquor on that occasion, and were only temporary sojourners there as here. They did all kinds of men's work of preference, including well-sinking, hedging, ditching, and excavating, without any sense of fatigue. Noted reed-drawers were they too, and looked round upon the other three with some superciliousness.
Putting on their gloves all set to work in a row in front of the press, an erection formed of two posts connected by a cross-beam, under which the sheaves to be drawn from were laid ears outward, the beam being pegged down by pins in the uprights, and lowered as the sheaves diminished.
The day hardened in colour, the light coming in at the barndoors upwards from the snow instead of downwards from the sky. The girls pulled handful after handful from the press; but by reason of the presence of the strange women, who were recounting scandals, Marian and Izz could not at first talk of old times as they wished to do. Presently they heard the muffled tread of a horse, and the farmer rode up to the barndoor. When he had dismounted he came close to Tess, and remained looking musingly at the side of her face. She had not turned at first, but his fixed attitude led her to look round, when she perceived that her employer was the native of Trantridge from whom she had taken flight on the high-road because of his allusion to her history.
He waited till she had carried the drawn bundles to the pile outside, when he said, "So you be the young woman who took my civility in such ill part? Be drowned if I didn't think you might be as soon as I heard of your being hired! Well, you thought you had got the better of me the first time at the inn with your fancy-man, and the second time on the road, when you bolted; but now I think I've got the better you." He concluded with a hard laugh.
Tess, between the Amazons and the farmer like a bird caught in a clap-net, returned no answer, continuing to pull the straw. She could read character sufficiently well to know by this time that she had nothing to fear from her employer's gallantry; it was rather the tyranny induced by his mortification at Clare's treatment of him. Upon the whole she preferred that sentiment in man and felt brave enough to endure it.
"You thought I was in love with 'ee I suppose? Some women are such fools, to take every look as serious earnest. But there's nothing like a winter afield for taking that nonsense out o' young wenches' heads; and you've signed and agreed till Lady-Day. Now, are you going to beg my pardon?"
"I think you ought to beg mine."
"Very well--as you like. But we'll see which is master here. Be they all the sheaves you've done today?"
"Yes, sir."
"'Tis a very poor show. Just see what they've done over there" (pointing to the two stalwart women). "The rest, too, have done better than you."
"They've all practised it before, and I have not. And I thought it made no difference to you as it is task work, and we are only paid for what we do."
"Oh, but it does. I want the barn cleared."
"I am going to work all the afternoon instead of leaving at two as the others will do."
He looked sullenly at her and went away. Tess felt that she could not have come to a much worse place; but anything was better than gallantry. When two o'clock arrived the professional reed-drawers tossed off the last half-pint in their flagon, put down their hooks, tied their last sheaves, and went away. Marian and Izz would have done likewise, but on hearing that Tess meant to stay, to make up by longer hours for her lack of skill, they would not leave her. Looking out at the snow, which still fell, Marian exclaimed, "Now, we've got it all to ourselves." And so at last the conversation turned to their old experiences at the dairy; and, of course, the incidents of their affection for Angel Clare.
"Izz and Marian," said Mrs Angel Clare, with a dignity which was extremely touching, seeing how very little of a wife she was: "I can't join in talk with you now, as I used to do, about Mr Clare; you will see that I cannot; because, although he is gone away from me for the present, he is my husband."
Izz was by nature the sauciest and most caustic of all the four girls who had loved Clare. "He was a very splendid lover, no doubt," she said; "but I don't think he is a too fond husband to go away from you so soon."
"He had to go--he was obliged to go, to see about the land over there!" pleaded Tess.
"He might have tided 'ee over the winter."
"Ah--that's owing to an accident--a misunderstanding; and we won't argue it," Tess answered, with tearfulness in her words. "Perhaps there's a good deal to be said for him! He did not go away, like some husbands, without telling me; and I can always find out where he is."
After this they continued for some long time in a reverie, as they went on seizing the ears of corn, drawing out the straw, gathering it under their arms, and cutting off the ears with their bill-hooks, nothing sounding in the barn but the swish of the straw and the crunch of the hook. Then Tess suddenly flagged, and sank down upon the heap of wheat-ears at her feet.
"I knew you wouldn't be able to stand it!" cried Marian. "It wants harder flesh than yours for this work."
Just then the farmer entered. "Oh, that's how you get on when I am away," he said to her.
"But it is my own loss," she pleaded. "Not yours."
"I want it finished," he said doggedly, as he crossed the barn and went out at the other door.
"Don't 'ee mind him, there's a dear," said Marian. "I've worked here before. Now you go and lie down there, and Izz and I will make up your number."
"I don't like to let you do that. I'm taller than you, too."
However, she was so overcome that she consented to lie down awhile, and reclined on a heap of pull-tails--the refuse after the straight straw had been drawn--thrown up at the further side of the barn. Her succumbing had been as largely owning to agitation at the re-opening the subject of her separation from her husband as to the hard work. She lay in a state of percipience without volition, and the rustle of the straw and the cutting of the ears by the others had the weight of bodily touches.
She could hear from her corner, in addition to these noises, the murmur of their voices. She felt certain that they were continuing the subject already broached, but their voices were so low that she could not catch the words. At last Tess grew more and more anxious to know what they were saying, and, persuading herself that she felt better, she got up and resumed work.
Then Izz Huett broke down. She had walked more than a dozen miles the previous evening, had gone to bed at midnight, and had risen again at five o'clock. Marian alone, thanks to her bottle of liquor and her stoutness of build, stood the strain upon back and arms without suffering. Tess urged Izz to leave off, agreeing, as she felt better, to finish the day without her, and make equal division of the number of sheaves.
Izz accepted the offer gratefully, and disappeared through the great door into the snowy track to her lodging. Marian, as was the case every afternoon at this time on account of the bottle, began to feel in a romantic vein.
"I should not have thought it of him--never!" she said in a dreamy tone. "And I loved him so! I didn't mind his having YOU. But this about Izz is too bad!"
Tess, in her start at the words, narrowly missed cutting off a finger with the bill-hook.
"Is it about my husband?" she stammered.
"Well, yes. Izz said, 'Don't 'ee tell her'; but I am sure I can't help it! It was what he wanted Izz to do. He wanted her to go off to Brazil with him."
Tess's face faded as white as the scene without, and its curves straightened. "And did Izz refuse to go?" she asked.
"I don't know. Anyhow he changed his mind."
"Pooh--then he didn't mean it! 'Twas just a man's jest!"
"Yes he did; for he drove her a good-ways towards the station."
"He didn't take her!"
They pulled on in silence till Tess, without any premonitory symptoms, burst out crying.
"There!" said Marian. "Now I wish I hadn't told 'ee!"
"No. It is a very good thing that you have done! I have been living on in a thirtover, lackaday way, and have not seen what it may lead to! I ought to have sent him a letter oftener. He said I could not go to him, but he didn't say I was not to write as often as I liked. I won't dally like this any longer! I have been very wrong and neglectful in leaving everything to be done by him!"
The dim light in the barn grew dimmer, and they could see to work no longer. When Tess had reached home that evening, and had entered into the privacy of her little white-washed chamber, she began impetuously writing a letter to Clare. But falling into doubt she could not finish it. Afterwards she took the ring from the ribbon on which she wore it next her heart, and retained it on her finger all night, as if to fortify herself in the sensation that she was really the wife of this elusive lover of hers, who could propose that Izz should go with him abroad, so shortly after he had left her. Knowing that, how could she write entreaties to him, or show that she cared for him any more?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7410 | Health Library Explorer
Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media) in Adults
What is a middle ear infection?
A middle ear infection occurs behind the eardrum. It is most often caused by a virus or bacteria. Most kids have at least one middle ear infection by the time they are 3 years old. But adults can also get them.
What causes middle ear infections?
Inflammation in the middle ear most often starts after you’ve had a sore throat, cold, or other upper respiratory problem. The infection spreads to the middle ear and causes fluid buildup behind the eardrum.
What are the symptoms of a middle ear infection?
These are the most common symptoms of middle ear infections in adults:
• Ear pain
• Feeling of fullness in the ear
• Fluid draining from the ear
• Fever
• Hearing loss
These symptoms may look like other conditions or health problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is a middle ear infection diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will review your health history and do a physical exam. He or she will check the outer ear and the eardrum using an otoscope. The otoscope is a lighted tool that lets the healthcare provider see inside the ear. A pneumatic otoscope blows a puff of air into the ear to test eardrum movement. When there is fluid or infection in the middle ear, movement is decreased.
Your provider may also do a tympanometry. This is a test that directs air and sound to the middle ear.
If you have ear infections often, your healthcare provider may suggest having a hearing test.
How is a middle ear infection treated?
Treatment may include:
• Antibiotics
• Pain relievers
• Placing small tubes in the eardrum for chronic ear infections
What are possible complications of a middle ear infection?
Untreated ear infections can lead to:
• Infection in other parts of the head
• Lasting (permanent) hearing loss
• Speech and language problems
Can middle ear infections be prevented?
Cold and allergy medicines don't seem to prevent ear infections. And currently there is no vaccine that can prevent the disease. But check with your healthcare provider and make sure your vaccines are up-to-date. Living in a home where cigarettes are smoked can increase the chances of ear infections.
Key points about middle ear infections
• Middle ear infections can affect both children and adults.
• Pain and fever can be the most common symptoms.
• Without treatment, permanent hearing loss may happen.
• Take antibiotics as prescribed and finish all of the prescription. This can help prevent antibiotic-resistant infections or incomplete treatment with the infection returning.
Next steps
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
Online Medical Reviewer: Ashutosh Kacker MD
Online Medical Reviewer: Daphne Pierce-Smith RN MSN CCRC
Online Medical Reviewer: Ronald Karlin MD
Date Last Reviewed: 12/1/2018
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7419 | So you would want to set timezone attribute to 9.5. This would render a 9 hour and 30 minute difference from UTC 0.
var myConfig = {
"type": "area",
"utc":true, /* This attribute will ensure your chart reads in UTC time. */
"timezone":9.5, /* This attribute will allow you to set a offset from UTC time */
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7427 | Hermetic.com » Crowley » Confessions
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We may now return to the subject of the initiation itself. Besides my work of proclaiming the Law to the profane and expounding it to the aspirant, I was set the task of analysing it in such a way as to illuminate the most advanced. During most of the winter I gave most of my spare time to the creation of literature which corresponded nobly with this three fold labour. I wrote the twelve stories Simon Iff in America. These were a continuation of the previous The Scrutinies of Simon Iff, but constructed for the most part on mere mechanical principles. I may even compare them to chess problems. The general method was to think of a situation as inexplicable as possible, then to stop up all chinks with putty, and having satisfied myself that no explanation was possible, to make a further effort and find one. I find it hard to consider this sort of thing as serious literature, and yet so ineradicable is the artistic instinct in me that the Old Adam peeps out sufficiently often to remove these stories from the category of jeux d'esprit. In particular, the story “Suffer the Little Children”, whose setting is in Florida as I knew it, flames so fiercely with the passion excited in me by the conditions which I found there, a passion which I cannot fairly describe as pity, scorn, disgust, indignation, or even any combination of these, that I believe this tale may stand like the broken statue of Osymandias, in the eyes of a new civilization, as a witness of the tyranny and abomination which Christians have taught us to associate with the name of Christ. It is at least an extremely accurate study of life in Florida; the accuracy is guaranteed by the acuteness of the suffering of the observer. One does not see children vivisected before one's eyes without receiving an impression, and the emotion which in ordinary cases might obfuscate and mislead the looker-on was in my case transformed into an ideal stimulant of clear-sightedness. I felt intensely that I had to have all my wits about me in order to expose the atrocity of the abominations which I was compelled to witness. The brilliance of the story is striking evidence of the fierceness of my reaction against the conditions of the backwoods life of the United States. One of the chief reasons for the inexpressible intensity of my feeling is doubtless that the nameless tortures which I saw inflicted as a mere matter of routine upon women and children as such broke open the sepulchre in which I had long since buried my own sufferings at the hands of Evangelicalism and released these fetid, noxious and malignant spectres once more to prey upon my mind.
So much for the profane. For the aspirant I wrote the book called //De Lege Libellum//, otherwise called The Sandal, in which I analysed the Law as the source of light, life, love and liberty, and pronounced a panegyric upon it in each of these respects successively. For sustained sublimity of prose this book perhaps ranks next to those in which my pen was definitely and authentically inspired. (The criterion of such inspiration, by the way, is that in the case of an inspired book such as //Liber VII// or //Liber LXV// I do not dare to “change as much as the style of a letter”. I show, in fact, precisely that reverence for the author which should always be observed by the mere editor, and in this case, having not only the manuscript but my memory to assist me in case of any question arising as to the text in consequence of what my earliest tutor would doubtless have considered imperfections of caligraphy, there is fortunately no reason for anxiety as to the critical perfection of the text.)
The above remarks may appear strange as a preliminary to the statement that I regarded and still regard this book The Sandal as essentially an exercise in technique undertaken in order to fit myself to write //Liber Aleph, The Book of Wisdom or Folly//, which is beyond question a consummate masterpiece in its particular sphere in literature. It has always been my custom to practise with a rapier very thoroughly before fighting a duel. If occasionally these friendly bouts have resulted in a few deaths — the more the merrier!
//Liber Aleph, The Book of Wisdom or Folly// was intended to express the heart of my doctrine in the most deep and delicate dimensions. (Before using the word dimensions many considerations occurred to me. It is startling; that quality itself is not repugnant to its use in such a connection. Its use was followed by a discussion between myself and my cynocephalus, who was herself struck by the singularity of the word, so much so, that I had to warn her not to spell it with two d's, and my explanations, thought unsatisfactory, decided me to insert this note in the text of my autohagiography.)1
//Liber Aleph// is the most tense and intense book that I have ever composed. The thought is so concentrated and, if I may use the word, nervous, that both to write then, and to read now, involved an involves an almost intolerable strain. I remember how I used to sit at my desk night after night — it was the bitterest winter that had been known in New York for many
1. The content of the above passage, properly analysed, should serve as an immensely valuable indication of the methods employed by my mind. Note in particular my reliance on obscure allusion. The remark about spelling expects the reader to be instantly reminded of the story of the “Something … Marquis of Queensberry” who, receiving the sympathetic condolences of a friend on having been mixed up with the trial of Oscar Wilde, replied that he regretted only one thing about the whole case; which was that on the libellous card, handed by him to the porter of the club, to be given to Oscar Wilde, he had spelt the word sodomite with two “d's”.
years — but even if the central heating had been the flames of hell itself, I doubt whether I should have been warm. Night after night I sat, all through, rigid as a corpse, and icier; the whole of my life concentrated in two spots; the small section of my brain which was occupied in the work, and my right wrist and fingers. I remember with absolute clearness that my consciousness appeared to start from a perfectly dead forearm.
The book is written in prose, yet there is a formal circumscription more imminent than anything which would have been possible in poetry. I limited myself by making a point of dealing thoroughly with a given subject in a single page. It was an acute agony, similar to that of Asana, to write, and the effort removed me so far from normal human consciousness that there was something indicibly ghastly in its unnaturalness when I got into bed in full daylight in the hope of acquiring a particle of warmth from the complacent Camel.
I may now deal thoroughly with the complex and astounding incident which I promised to describe above. The Camel was a doctor of pharmacy, employed in pathological analysis, and later in manufacturing perfumery. She had never had any interest in Magick or any similar study, and I had not attempted to rouse it. One weekend she was lying on a mattress on the floor smoking opium, the apparatus having been lent us by a famous chiropractor who had bought it during a trip to Cuba, out of curiosity. I was sitting at my desk, working. To my surprised annoyance, the Camel suddenly began to have visions. I shut off my hearing in the way I have learnt to do; but after some five minutes babbling she pierced my defences by some remark concerning an egg under a palm tree. This aroused me instantly, for the last instruction given to myself and Soror Virakam was to go to the desert and look for just that thing. I saw then a kind of continuity between those visions and these. It was as if the intelligence communicating were taking up the story at the point at which it had been dropped. Of course, it might have been a mere coincidence. But that point could be easily settled by cross-examination. I began to ask questions. The Camel said that someone, whom she called “the Wizard”, wished to communicate with me. I am not a spiritualist who accepts any message as of divine origin. I insist on knowing with whom I am talking, and on his showing such qualities of mind that the communication will benefit me.
Now, as it happened, I had a test question to my hand. I had taken the name Baphomet as my motto in the O.T.O. For six years and more I had tried to discover the proper way to spell this name. I knew that it must have eight letters, and also that the numerical and literal correspondences must be such as to express the meaning of the name in such a ways as to confirm what scholarship had found out about it, and also to clear up those problems which archaeologists had so far failed to solve. Here, then, was an
ideal test of the integrity and capacity of the Camel's Wizard. I flung the question in his face. “If you possess the superior knowledge which you claim, you can tell me how to spell Baphomet!” The Camel knew nothing of the Hebrew and little of the Greek. She had no idea that a conventional system existed by which one could check the accuracy of any given orthography. Her Wizard answered my question without hesitation. “Wrong,” said I, “there must be eight letters.” “True,” he answered, “there is an R at the end.” The answer struck me in the midriff. One theory of the name is that it represents the words Beta alpha phi eta mu eta tau epsilon omicron sigma , the baptism of wisdom; another, that it is a corruption of a title meaning “Father Mithras”. Needless to say, the suffix R supported the latter theory. I added up the word as spelt by the Wizard. It totalled 729. This number had never appeared in my Cabbalistic working and therefore meant nothing to me. It however justified itself as being the cube of nine. The word chi eta phi alpha sigma ,1 the mystic title given by Christ to Peter as the cornerstone of the Church, has this same value. So far, the Wizard had shown great qualities! He had cleared up the etymological problem and shown why the Templars should have given the name Baphomet to their so-called idol. Baphomet was Father Mithras, the cubical stone which was the corner of the Temple.
I therefore felt justified in concluding that the Wizard really possessed sufficient intelligence to make it worth my while to listen to him. I hastily recorded the dialogue to that point. My next question inquired his name. He replied “Amalantrah”. I added this up. This time the result was conclusive. Its value is 729. Already he had shown me that I, in my office as Baphomet, was the rock on which the New Temple should be built, and he now identified himself with me through his own name being of equivalent value. There was however so far no link between the Order to which he belonged and the Great Order; 729 is not a significant number in the Cabbala of Thelema. But when I asked him to assign a mystic name to the Camel, he replied “Ahitha” which adds to 555, an obvious correlative with my own number in the Great Order, 666. It defined, so to speak, the function of the Camel in that Order.
Striking as were these results, I maintained my sceptical method and proceeded to apply test after test. The Wizard never made the slightest mistake. Taking his answers as a whole, he made it mathematically probably to a degree approximating certainty as closely as the most exact physical equations that he spoke with conscious knowledge.
We began a series of interviews with him. There was what I may call a permanent background to the vision. He lived in a place as definite as an address in New York, and in this place were a number of symbolic images representing myself and several other adepts associated with me in my work. The character of the vision served as a guide to my relations with these
1. WEH note: Crowley obtains these totals by a complex mixture of Greek and Hebrew substitutions, including use of cognate letters. In simple Greek gematria, the total is very different.
people. More especially there were three women, symbolized as three scorpions of the symbolic desert which I was crossing in my mystic journey. It is not yet clear whether I dealt with these women as I should have done. One was Eva Tanguay, the supreme artist, whom I hymned in the April International; one, a married woman, a Russian aristocrat in exile, and one, a maiden, to whom the Wizard gave the mystic name of Wesrun. This name can be spelt in two ways: one adding to 333, the number of Choronzon, Dispersion, Impotence and Death; the other to 888, the number of Redemption. It seemed that it was my task to save her as Parzifal saved Kundry. But as I say, I am not clear whether I did not fail completely in my dealings with all three women. I doubt whether I trusted the Wizard as I should have done. It may be that I made “a great miss”, the result of which has been to ruin my work temporarily.
Besides this regular visit to the place where the Wizard lives, it was my custom to ask his aid in the solution of any problems which occurred in the course of my regular working. On the night of February 24th, I happened to want to know whether I could use my name in the Great Order, Tau Omicron Mu Epsilon Gamma Alpha Theta Eta Rho Iota Omicron Nu , (TO MEGA THPION), in conjunction with Hebrew letters. The Wizard replied, “Yes.” I asked, “Shall I use the whole name or Theta Eta Rho Iota Omicron Nu alone? He answered, “Theta Eta Rho Iota Omicron Nu alone.” I then spent some hours in trying to transliterate Theta Eta Rho Iota Omicron Nu into Hebrew in such a way as to give a number which would mean something in my general Cabbalistic scheme. I failed completely! This is very remarkable in itself, I having had twenty years' experience of the art, and the possible spellings being very numerous. Ingenuity can nearly always find a more or less satisfactory orthography for any given combination of letters. However, I was completely baffled. I gave it up as a bad job, cursing Amalantrah heartily for having made me waste my time.
On Monday morning I went to the office of The International. It was a “workless Monday”, Dr Garwood having ordered that no office buildings should be heated on Monday for five weeks, on account of the coal famine. I stayed only a few minutes to look over my mail. On Tuesday I returned to the office, and found on my desk a letter addressed to Viereck and transferred by him to me to be answered. This letter had therefore arrived the day before and had been written in Bridgeport, connecticut, on Saturday evening at the identical hour at which Amalantrah had told me that I could use a Hebrew spelling of Theta Eta Rho Iota Omicron Nu in my work. The writer of the letter was one Samuel A. Jacob, a designer of Syrise and similar founts of type. He was an entire stranger to anyone in the office, as to myself. His letter concluded, “Please inform your readers that I, Shmuel bar Aiwaz bie Yackou de Sherabad, have counted the number of The Beast; and it is the number of a man: Th = 400 R = 200 I = 10 V = 6 N = 50,” giving the spelling HB:Nun HB:Vau HB:Yod HB:Resh HB:Taw = 666. At the exact time, therefore, when the Wizard had told
me that this could be done, a stranger in a distant town was actually writing the solution which baffled me. Observe that the preparation of this was the problem in my article “The Revival of Magick” published three months earlier!
This incident in itself is sufficiently startling. On the theory that Amalantrah is what he claims to be it is quite natural and simple. Any other theory, such as coincidence, or telepathy outrages reason. But this was not all.
Besides his Americanized signature “Samuel A. Jacob”, he gave his true name: “SHMUEL Bar AIWAZ bie YACKOU de SHERABAD”. I could hardly believe my eyes. Till that moment I had had no idea that Aiwass was anything but an artificial name, like Ahitha. I had tried to find a spelling for it, having never seen it written except in the English in The Book of the Law, but only heard it. I had decided on AIVAS = 78, the number of Mezla, the influence from the highest unity, and therefore suitable enough as the title of a messenger from Him. I wrote to Mr Jacob for the Hebrew spelling which he gave as OIVZ, whose value is 93. The import of this discovery was terrific; 93 is the value of Theta Epsilon Lambda Eta Mu Alpha , the Word of the Law proclaimed by Aiwass, and of Alpha Gamma Alpha Pi Eta , Love, part of the interpretation of Theta Epsilon Lambda Eta Mu Alpha . It was also that of the Lost Word of freemasonry, which I had re-discovered, thus linking up the mysteries of the O.T.O. with those of the A∴ A∴. 93 is also the number of the Secret Word of the Neophyte of A∴ A∴, a word indicating symbolically the whole course of existence. It is in fact a completion of the ideas contained in the Sacred Word of the Hindus, AUM. It was to be discovered later that the Secret Key of The Book of the Law is the number 31, 1/3 of 93. There are three words, each of the value of 31 which represent perfectly the whole mystery of existence. That Aiwaz should have, so to speak, signed himself with His Law, was irrefutable proof of his existence.
I must add one cumulative proof which came to light only in 1923. The Book of the Law claims to express its ideas not by its literary meaning alone but by the actual letters of the manuscript. It had annoyed me — after the above demonstration — that in the manuscript the name was spelt AIWASS, which does not add to 93. But this year, reflecting that “The Book of the Law” is connected more with the Greek Cabbala than with the Hebrew, I transliterated AIWASS into Greek off-hand. Its value is 418! and this is the number of the Magical Formula of the Aeon. It represents the practice of the Book as 93 does the theory. It is now evident with what inconceivable ingenuity AIWAZ has arranged his expression. He is not content to give one spelling of his name, however potent; he gives two which taken together are not merely twice as significant as either alone, but more so, in a degree which is beyond me to calculate.
This incident with its many ramifications is perhaps the most remarkable
thing that has ever happened to anybody. I was not only shown the knowledge and ingenuity required to choose a name for himself which will sum up my life and thought both in the past and in the future as also to include explanations of historical mysteries; but he seems able to arrange for people that I never hear of to exercise an intimate influence on my life at the exact moment when the effect will give the demonstration its highest possible dramatic value. Suppose, for instance, that Jacob had sent me his solution within a month of the publication of the problem. It would have been no more than an interesting contribution to the Cabbala. It is necessary to obtain a comprehensive idea of the facts of the relationship between him and myself as a whole in order to grasp the subtlety and strength of his plan and its execution.
Any man who studies the circumstances with intelligence will be forced to the hypothesis as to the nature of AIWAZ which I myself entertain. It is true that this hypothesis involves difficulties of its own; it implies a magical theory of the universe altogether incompatible with materialism. One might call it an Arabian Nights theory. But one must dismiss one's prejudice from the start. This theory, however antecedently absurd, is constantly bearing fruit of new facts and new discoveries. This after all is what science requires. I have already given a number of other instances where fresh facts confirm the old. For myself in particular the ultimate fact is that I have been able to govern my life quite satisfactorily year after year on the basis of this theory. My life, interpreted by it, is intelligible, and when guided by it, successful. Whenever I do anything reasonable I come a cropper, and if I were to attempt to explain the events of my career in any other way, I should be confronted by a piled chaos of utterly unintelligible absurdities.
The sale of The International left me stranded. War hysteria had reached its height. The British would not employ me, failing to understand or to trust. The Department of Justice, though warmly appreciative of my work, did not offer to pay me for it, nor did I ask them to do so. My stupid kingliness still stood in my way. I should have felt dishonoured by accepting payment for my patriotic service. All sources of income dried up completely. I therefore borrowed a canoe, tent and camp outfit from a friend and started up the Hudson on a Great Magical Retirement with two dollars and twenty-five cents as my total capital, no prospect of obtaining more when that was exhausted, and full confidence that the Secret Chiefs would supply my physical needs. It was my business to do their work and theirs to look after their servant.
This Magical Retirement proved of critical importance. A week's paddling put me in perfect physical and mental condition. I found an ideal solitude on Oesopus Island. The Camel spent the first weekend with me, bringing me a supply of canned provisions. I began at once to work on a new translation,
with Commentary, of the //Tao Teh King//. This book, one of the oldest in existence, is surely one of the wisest. But all previous translations, however scholarly, had completely failed to convey the meaning of Lao Tzu. An uninitiated translator is bound to meet constantly with apparently nonsensical passages. One must know what the author is likely to mean by any given phrase, and this can only be done my a man who has intimate experience of the spiritual states and magical principles set forth. Otherwise, the translator is in the position of a scholar ignorant of football who should try to translate some slangy description of a cup tie. He will think that “wing” has something to do with a bird and be puzzled as to how it got into the game; a “hot shot” will set him thinking of the siege of Gibraltar, and the result of his labours will be a farrago of nonsense. Alternatively, realizing the general character of the text, he will wrench every passage to suit his own ideas on the subject. No one has understood what Lao Tzu meant by either Tao or Teh. I, possessing the keys to the Universal Cabbala, and also experience of the spiritual states which Lao Tzu is discussing, was able to produce a lucid and coherent version of the classic. Those who have seen my manuscript after bitter disappointment with previous translations, have instantly recognized the sublimity and wisdom of the Chinese Master.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7428 | The Men in Black and the Dweller on the Threshold
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To: Blue Resonant Human
From: Josh Norton
Subject: MIB and magickal phenomena
Ave, Frater;
Had an amusing synchronicity occur the other day. The Greenfeld “Men in Black” excerpt from your web site arrived on my computer screen simultaneously with a frantic letter from a group of magicians who were bedeviled by strange magickal manifestations.
Obviously, this was a sign from On High. ;-) After reading both letter and article, the implication of the sign was equally obvious: The “Men in Black” are not a manifestation of the Black Brotherhood, but of a much more common form of magickal event: the encounter with the “Dweller on the Threshold”. The same may be true as well of various “abduction” events. Couldn't resist the opportunity to write to you, and perhaps sow a few seeds of clarity and/or confusion in the delightful welter you are building.
It's a truism in magickal work that profound results are often followed closely by a powerful magickal attack. The attacks can take either a magickal or a mundane form; the magickal form seems to be preferred, but if the magician allows no openings on those levels, it drops down into the material world and incorporates other human beings into the effort. The attacks have often been attributed to the Black Brotherhood, but I believe that something else is involved, something neither human nor “alien” in the “space visitors” sense.
The symptoms described by my correspondents are rather typical of the magickal form of attack. A paralyzing, suffocating blanket of Fear descended on their temple as they made an invocation. Later, after ending the operation, they each experienced dreams in which they were being attacked by astral “thugs” who did things to their bodies while they had to lie there paralyzed, totally unable to defend themselves. For several days afterwards, some of the magicians involved felt like they were being followed and watched.
Sounds a lot like an abduction experience, doesn't it? Another version of the attack (which I have experienced myself) involves the sense of a dark, Lovecraftian entity residing somewhere in some undefined otherspace, reaching out to devour the soul of the magician. Crowley's visit with Choronzon fits into this category, as do numerous other Abyss-like encounters.
When magickal routes of attack are not open, the usual “strategy” of the Dweller is to bring the magician to the attention of the mundane authorities, in such a way that those authorities are prejudiced beforehand into believing the magician is either mentally unbalanced or engaged in illegal activities. Since the magician hasn't a clue to the cops' state of mind, these encounters are often confusing or downright baffling to him.
A brief account of one such event can be found in my magickal record called The Book of the Seniors. Shortly after channeling the instructions and symbolic explanation for the “Enochian Temples” magickal technique, my hotel room was invaded by a couple of cops and a bevy of life squad personnel. They asked some very odd questions, poked around in my closets, and left again without ever explaining what they were about. I only found out later that some crank had called in a tip that someone was going to commit suicide by jumping off the twelfth floor of the hotel. I happened to be the only person with a room on that floor that night, and they were dealing with me as if I were a potential suicide.
It seems to me that if the Men in Black are real, physical beings, they may be authorities who, under the influence of the Dweller, have acquired a totally unfounded perception of what their victim is doing. They are temporarily living in a different reality from the victim; this would account for the elliptical quality of their behavior, the murkiness of the questions they ask, and the vague implications of dire threats that they seem to make. They think the victim knows what they are talking about, when in fact he doesn't.
This “Dweller” phenomenon is certainly frightening to those who encounter it, and occasionally does real damage to them. But if you view its actions in a larger context than the immediate events, it becomes apparent that they are not the actions of an intelligent being or beings. It behaves in ways that are fundamentally stupid – one might even call them “instinctual”. Consider:
– The source of this phenomenon hates change, all agree. But it only reacts to certain types of change: those that are sudden, dramatic, and powerful. Steady, incremental changes do not arouse it, even when the sum of those changes is more extensive than the single events to which it does react. It is the contrast with surrounding conditions that attracts its attention, not the long-term significance of the events.
In initiatory magick, attacks characteristically occur in one or more of three circumstances. They occur when the person has just received the “solar” initiation, the “Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel”. They can happen again as part of the process of “Crossing the Abyss” to become a Magister Templi. And they happen when the person has just “broken through” into a new realm through his magick, and has brought something new and magickally significant into the world. Each of these circumstances can bring about a sudden change; they can be very “noisy” events on magickal levels.
(Such attacks are so common at the Solar initiation that some systems anticipate it and include the means of defusing the negative forces as part of the procedure. For instance, in the Abramelin system the negative force is channeled into the forms of the various demons, which the magician deliberately calls up and controls after achieving the “Knowledge and Conversation”.)
This factor of “necessary contrast” can be illustrated by my own experience.
My initiation into the Solar grade was a very noisy affair, almost a circus, involving the manifestation of a god's power, and the visible appearance of no less than four very powerful magickal beings. (One of whom, incidentally, could very well have been the being others have seen as the BVM, or the Space Goddess.) The day after, when I attempted to recontact the god, I was magickally attacked by the Dweller, leaving me emotionally and mentally stunned for a week afterwards.
By the time of the “Enochian Temples” working mentioned above, I had closed any paths by which I could be attacked magickally. But the manifestation of this system was again a very noisy affair on the inner planes, and again resulted in an attack, this time via mundane routes.
But unlike both of these events, my ascent to the Magister grade was very quiet and subtle, leaving not a ripple in the continuum. And in this case I was not attacked; nor did I encounter anything like Choronzon, the “demon of the Abyss”, thus disproving the conventional wisdom about this event.
So it seems that some sort of contrast with the existing state is needed for the “Dweller” to react. In this it is not behaving like an intelligent being. Rather, more like a hibernating bear that scratches an itch without waking up, but doesn't react to the more gradual changes in temperature that occur throughout its months of sleep.
I am not so familiar with the UFO lore, but from what I've seen, the MIB also follow this pattern; they appear to people who announce their contact with a UFO, and thus open themselves to an attack. Do they ever appear to a UFO sighter who didn't announce his sighting?
– The second evidence of lack of intelligence is the failure of whatever causes these events to follow up on them.
If these attacks are the work of the Black Brothers, then one would think that they would continue to attack the same person, in order to reduce the effectiveness of their opposition in the White Brotherhood. This is the normal human strategy, after all; you identify the other side's agents, and take them out. As well, one would think that they would want to divert, corrupt, or otherwise weaken any manifestation of divine power rather than leaving it in place to perform its work.
But in actuality, this does not normally happen. As soon as the person's awareness is fully established at the new level, or the magickal “current” he manifests successfully grounds itself, then the attacks stop. That is, when the changed condition becomes the normal condition, it is no longer worth attention. When the itch stops itching, the bear stops scratching and returns to a deeper level of sleep.
Similarly, my reading of the MIB accounts indicates that, with rare exceptions, they are also a one-shot attack. They appear to the person shortly after his experience, perform their mysterious evolutions, and vanish away, never to be seen again.
– A third factor is the utter ineptness of the attacks. The magickal versions are often just a bit off in their timing; effective enough to shock the person, but not enough to divert him from his course or to nullify his achievement. The wonder is not that they sometimes succeed, but that they so often fail.
The same holds true for the mundane version. If the crank caller in the “Temples” incident had made his call 15 minutes earlier, or had said there was a drug dealer in the hotel instead of a suicide, then I would have been in serious trouble; I had had a quarter-pound of marijuana sitting in plain sight. But as it was, the dope was safely stowed away by the time the cops arrived. Similarly, in the case of another person I know, the police harassment amounted to his being stopped and questioned several times in a day, due to mistaken identity; not what you would call a devastating attack. It always seems to take the most convenient line of attack, rather than the effective line.
For an intelligently-directed process, the success rate of these attacks is extremely low, and their planning and execution very poor. On the other hand, they make a fair amount of sense as the unconscious, instinctive reaction of some sleeping mind. It seems as if the Dweller on the Threshold (and its counterparts in UFOland) is some magickal equivalent of that hibernating bear scratching an itch, irritated that its sleep is being disturbed. The only problem is that it is a very BIG bear; clearly it is sensitive to events worldwide, and reacts to those events in all locations. From our relatively flea-like perspective, its scratching seems like an attack of large proportions; we mistake its unconscious scratchings for conscious malevolence only due to its scale.
Regards, Josh |
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Review: Arctic Freezer i32
by Parm Mann on 5 November 2015, 16:15
Tags: Arctic
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Anyone considering putting together their own PC should contemplate a third-party CPU cooler. The one shipped with your processor will ultimately do the trick, but spend a little extra and you can most probably make your chip run cooler and your system quieter.
But how much is a little extra? Well, costs can vary greatly. Get elaborate with liquid cooling and you could easily add over £100 to your build. Air coolers tend to be more affordable, but the enthusiast models hogging the headlines will set you back at least £50. Arctic reckons it can deliver the right results for less with the Freezer i32, a cooler the company describes as "the new price-performance champ."
Bold claims, but Arctic's predecessor - the Freezer i30 - proved a popular choice and the 2015 follow-up looks set to continue that trend thanks in no small part to keen retail pricing. The actual MSRP is listed as £37.99 but shop around and you can easily find the Freezer i32 for around £25.
For the small fee, you get a good-sized cooler that touts an ambitious cooling performance of 320 Watts, an excellent six-year warranty and, new for this year's model, a semi-passive fan that turns off at low load. A tempting array of ingredients, though do be aware that multiple variations are available at retail.
Instead of including universal mounting brackets in one box, the reviewed Freezer i32 is for Intel sockets only and there's an alternative Freezer A32 for AMD users. Confusing matters somewhat, there's also a Freezer i32 CO. Priced slightly higher, the CO version, for Intel sockets only, includes a dual-ball-bearing fan better suited to continuous 24/7 operation, i.e. in a server or workstation. All three feature the same semi-passive fan mode, and the same six-year warranty applies.
Having mounting hardware for only Intel or AMD platforms takes away an extra layer of future convenience, but on the flip side it makes installation that little bit easier - the bundled items are what you need and nothing more. For the Intel variant, that includes a basic backplate, a pair of mounting arms, screws for all the latest LGA sockets (2011, 1150, 1151, 1155 and 1156) and a single 120mm PWM fan.
Build quality is good throughout, particularly at this price point, and the 641g aluminium heatsink is interspersed with four copper heatpipes that make direct contact with the CPU. A height of 150mm ensures compatibility with most modern enclosures, and a depth of 95mm, including fan, is reasonably svelte. You shouldn't run into RAM compatibility issues, and Arctic reckons the cooler is slim enough not to foul memory either side of the CPU socket in a quad-channel setup.
Four fan clips are provided as standard - allowing you to add an optional second fan - and rubber spacers are also included to help soak-up vibration between the fan and heatsink. Installation is as simple as fastening the mounting arms onto the bottom of the cooler and then fixing the entire assembly to the bracket on the rear of the motherboard tray using the correct screws.
Getting up and running is straightforward for the most part, though the bundled MX-4 thermal paste isn't the easiest to apply. Provided in a small sachet, it's only good for one application and Arctic recommends running a thin line across the bottom of each of the four copper pipes. That's easier said than done and we'd have preferred pre-applied paste or a syringe allowing for more precise application.
The Freezer i32 isn't the best-looking cooler once in situ, and users with a side window might prefer something more fanciful, but it isn't unsightly either and we like the fact that it doesn't clutter the CPU socket. It's easy to install in just about any orientation, and keeping things simple, the fan attaches to a single four-pin header with the semi-passive functionality requiring no additional configuration.
A lot like modern GPU fans, Arctic's 120mm, German-made unit is designed to switch off when the system BIOS mandates a PWM signal below 40 per cent. The implementation works well in practice, however it can fall foul of BIOS protection measures - our system reported a CPU fan failure whenever the 120mm blower sat idle, so we had to set it to ignore CPU fan speed. On the plus side, the transition between the fan spinning down and back up is excellent, and in a typical desktop you can barely hear the change in state. So far so good, but let's see if performance is up to scratch. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7432 | Tag: beginning a piece
No magic brush
This is the most important truth I still have to learn for every piece. It’s like I completely forget how to write music after every piece. At one point in my life, I kept the first scraps of paper from pieces so I could…
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7433 | Who is the killer of Mahishasura? Is it Durga or Lakshmi? My confusion arises after finding out that Lakshmi killed Mahishsura in the Devi Mahatmaya.
link: https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/8940/who-is-vaishno-devi-is-it-goddess-laxmi-or-goddess-durga
I also found out about this.
MahaSaraswati is the first incarnation of Goddess Adi Para Shakti. She represents the Sattva Guna and is the shakti(consort) of Lord Brahma. She is the goddess of wisdom, creation, and learning. She is the source of all of the arts. It is she who slew Sumbha and Nisumbha, who are symbols of ignorance. She was created from the body of Mother Parvati and is the embodiment of her hard work, spirituality and devotion. She is also known as Ambika Devi as per Durga Saptashati. She wears yellow clothes when she takes form. When she is without form, she becomes the Primordial Sound.
link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_Parashakti#Adi-Parashakti_forms
What is this? In Devi Mahatmaya, Lakshmi is Durga (killer of Mahisasur) and Saraswati is Ambika(killer of Shumb and Nishumbh). Kali, or Parvati is merely helps Vishnu kill Madhu and Kathiba (she doesn't actually participate in the slaying). Normally however, Parvati is Durga (killer of Mahisasur) and Saraswati is Ambika (killer of Shumb and Nishumbh) while the other two hardly kill anybody.
Please clear my doubts.
Firstly,I used the Wiki link in the question because I could not find any other texts that describe Lakshmi killing Mahishasura(apart from the text in the Devi Mahatmaya).However,I have found another Shakta text,the Devi Bhagvata Purana,which sates that it is Lakshmi,and not Durga,who killed Mahishasura:
33-46. Vyâsa said :– On Visnu, the Lord of the Devas, saying thus, came out spontaneously, at once, of the face of Brahmâ, the brilliant fiery energy, very difficult to conceive. That energy looked red like gems and pearls, hot, at the same time, a little cool, having a beautiful form, and encircled by a halo of light. O King! The high-souled Hari and Hara, of mighty valor, were astonished to see this Fire, emitted from Brahmâ. Next came out of the body of S’ankara, His fiery spirit, quite in abundance and very wonderful to behold; it was silvery white, terrible, unbearable, and incapable of being seen even with difficulty. It extended like a mountain and looked horrible as if the incarnation of the Tamo Guna like another Tamo Guna (S’iva is the incarnation of Tamo Guna that destroys everything). It was very surprising to the Devas and very fearful to the Daityas. Next a dazzling light of blue colour emanated from the body of Visnu. The light that came out of the body of Indra was hardly bearable, of a beautiful variegated colour, and comprised in itself the three qualities. Thus masses of lights came out respectively from Kuvera, Yama, Fire and Varuna. The other Devas, too, gave their shares of fiery lights, very lustrous and splendid. Then these all united into a great Mass of Fire and Light. Like another Himalayan mountain shone full their lustrous Divine light; Visnu and the other Devas were all extremely surprised to see this. While the Devas were thus looking steadfastly on that Fire, an exquisitely handsome Lady was born out of it, causing excitement and wonder to all. This Lady was Mahâ Laksmî; composed of the three qualities of the three colours, beautiful, and fascinating to the universe. Her face was white, eyes were black, her lips were red and the palms of her hands were copper-red. She was adorned with divine ornaments. The Goddess was now manifest with eighteen hands, though She had a thousand hands (in Her unmanifested state). Now She became manifest out of the mass of fire, for the destruction of the Asuras.
47-52. Janamejaya said :– O Best of the Munis! O Krisna! You are highly fortunate and you are all-knowing. Kindly describe, in detail the birth of Her body. O Deva! Please say whether the energies of all the gods united into one or remained separate? Whether Her body and Her limbs were all luminous. Was it that Her face, nose, eyes, etc., and all other parts of Her body were created out of the different fires respectively or whether was it that those limbs were fashioned when the different fires blended into one huge mass? Describe, in detail, the origin of the body and the several limbs thereof; also inform me the limbs that were produced out of the corresponding Deva’s fiery part; as well tell me the several ornaments and several weapons given by the several Devas respectively. I am very desirous to hear all these from your lotus-like mouth. O Brahmân! Hearing from your lotus-like mouth the life and doings of Mahâ Laksmî, the sweet juice as they are, I am as yet not satiated (and am desirous to hear more).
Secondly,I changed the question from "Who is Mahishasura Mardini?" to "Is Mahishasura Mardini Lakshmi or Durga?" to avoid confusion as to waht I am asking for.
• 1
From your wiki link :"Lalita Tripura Sundari and her incarnations Parvati is the original manifested form of Mother Adi-Para Shakti. She is Adi-Shakti who is Energy of ultimate GOD .[14]The Devi Gita declares her to be the greatest Goddess.She is seated on a chair constituted by Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Maheswara and Sadashiva.Lakshmi and Saraswati is always fanning her."The first & the last lines in the quote above should settle all your doubts. – Rickross Feb 18 '16 at 6:21
• okay so you are saying that durag is mahishasuramardini.Well,waht about the story on saraswati? – user4627 Feb 18 '16 at 9:21
• Well,It is stated in the wiki link that 1)Lalita Tripura Sundari and her incarnations Parvati is the original manifested form of Mother Adi-Para Shakti. She is Adi-Shakti who is Energy of ultimate GOD . 2) She is every other goddess. She is Goddess Lakshmi and Goddess Saraswati in her mild form;3)MahaSaraswati is the first incarnation of Goddess Adi Para Shakti......She was created from the body of Mother Parvati 4)Mahalakshmi is the second incarnation of Goddess Adi Para Shakti.So ,everything is quite clear i guess. – Rickross Feb 18 '16 at 18:01
• Durga, Laxmi, Saraswati are basically the incarnations of Shakti. And we worship Mahishasur Mardini to Goddess Durga – Eesha Mar 2 '16 at 13:40
• She is mahalaksmi (not the same as lakshmi , the consort of vishnu). mahalakshmi is a form of durga. – user1195 Sep 21 '17 at 4:43
Godesses Ambika who is also known by the name Godesses Durga is the Mahisasura Mardini (slayer of Mahisasura). Precisely speaking it is Chandika form of Godesses Ambika who slays Mahisasura:
Chaptet 81 to Chapter 93 of Markandeya Purana is called Devi Mahatmyam and it sings the Glory of Devi.
First of all Mahisasura defeats all gods and take their position as described in chapter 82:
देवासुरमभूद्युद्धं पूर्णमब्दशतं पुरा।
महिषेऽसुराणामधिपे देवानां च पुरन्दरे॥२॥
तत्रासुरैर्महावीर्यैर्देवसैन्यं पराजितम्।
जित्वा च सकलान् देवानिन्द्रोऽभून्महिषासुरः॥३॥
In former times war was waged between the deities and demons for the full space of one hundred years; also between Mahisha-sura, the greatest of demons, and Purandara (Indra). The Asura of ample heroism repulsed the army of the Devas; Mahishasura vanquished all the gods and became as Indra.
Then in the same chapter Gods go to Brahma and pray him to give him relief from Mahisasura. Then from the combined energy of Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu, Indra and etc... all Gods Godesses Ambika/ Durga manifest as:
इत्थं निशम्य देवानां वचांसि मधुसूदनः।
चकार कोपं शम्भुश्च भ्रुकुटीकुटिलाननौ॥९॥
ततोऽतिकोपपूर्णस्य चक्रिणो वदनात्ततः।
निश्चक्राम महत्तेजो ब्रह्मणः शंकरस्य च॥१०॥
अन्येषां चैव देवानां शक्रादीनां शरीरतः।
निर्गतं सुमहत्तेजस्तच्चैक्यं समगच्छत॥११॥
अतीव तेजसः कूटं ज्वलन्तमिव पर्वतम्।
ददृशुस्ते सुरास्तत्र ज्वालाव्याप्तदिगन्तरम्॥१२॥
अतुलं तत्र तत्तेजः सर्वदेवशरीरजम्।
एकस्थं तदभून्नारी व्याप्तलोकत्रयं त्विषा॥१३॥
Madhusudana hearkened to the words of the deities; Sambhu was wroth contracting his brows with furious ire. Afterwards, Chakrini's face was transported with rage, abundance of light issued from Bramha and Sankara. An immense mass of light proceeded from the bodies of Sakra and all the other Devas, and conglomerated. This effulgent lustre appeared as a flaming mountain: the Suras having seen the flame receded to the extremities of regions. The peerless light issued from the bodies of all the Devas and the phenomenon was transfigured as a woman extending through the three worlds.
Then all Gods give their respective weapons, Himavat gives Lion and so on.. Then Godesses Ambika marches to slay Mahisasura. Then the slaying of Mahisasura is described in chapter 83:
एवं संक्षीयमाणे तु स्वसैन्ये महिषासुरः।
माहिषेण स्वरूपेण त्रासयामास तान् गणान्॥२१॥
कांश्चित्तुण्डप्रहारेण खुरक्षेपैस्तथापरान्।
लाङ्गूलताडितांश्चान्याञ्छृङ्गाभ्यां च विदारितान्॥२२॥
वेगेन कांश्चिदपरान्नादेन भ्रमणेन च।
निःश्वासपवनेनान्यान् पातयामास भूतले॥२३॥
निपात्य प्रमथानीकमभ्यधावत सोऽसुरः।
सिंहं हन्तुं महादेव्याः कोपं चक्रे ततोऽम्बिका॥२४॥
सोऽपि कोपान्महावीर्यः खुरक्षुण्णमहीतलः।
श्रृङ्गाभ्यां पर्वतानुच्चांश्चिक्षेप च ननाद च॥२५॥
वेगभ्रमणविक्षुण्णा मही तस्य व्यशीर्यत।
लाङ्गूलेनाहतश्चाब्धिः प्लावयामास सर्वतः॥२६॥
धुतश्रृङ्गविभिन्नाश्च खण्डं* खण्डं ययुर्घनाः।
श्वासानिलास्ताः शतशो निपेतुर्नभसोऽचलाः॥२७॥
इति क्रोधसमाध्मातमापतन्तं महासुरम्।
दृष्ट्वा सा चण्डिका कोपं तद्वधाय तदाकरोत्॥२८॥
सा क्षिप्त्वा तस्य वै पाशं तं बबन्ध महासुरम्।
तत्याज माहिषं रूपं सोऽपि बद्धो महामृधे॥२९॥
ततः सिंहोऽभवत्सद्यो यावत्तस्याम्बिका शिरः।
छिनत्ति तावत्पुरुषः खड्गपाणिरदृश्यत॥३०॥
तत एवाशु पुरुषं देवी चिच्छेद सायकैः।
तं खड्गचर्मणा सार्धं ततः सोऽभून्महागजः॥३१॥
करेण च महासिंहं तं चकर्ष जगर्ज च।
कर्षतस्तु करं देवी खड्गेन निरकृन्तत॥३२॥
ततो महासुरो भूयो माहिषं वपुरास्थितः।
तथैव क्षोभयामास त्रैलोक्यं सचराचरम्॥३३॥
ततः क्रुद्धा जगन्माता चण्डिका पानमुत्तमम्।
पपौ पुनः पुनश्चैव जहासारुणलोचना॥३४॥
ननर्द चासुरः सोऽपि बलवीर्यमदोद्धतः।
विषाणाभ्यां च चिक्षेप चण्डिकां प्रति भूधरान्॥३५॥
सा च तान् प्रहितांस्तेन चूर्णयन्ती शरोत्करैः।
उवाच तं मदोद्धूतमुखरागाकुलाक्षरम्॥३६॥
While she was thus destroying his army, Mahishasura impeded those Ganas in the form of Mahisha. Some by biting with his mouth, and others by kicking with his hoofs, some by the lashes of his tail and by the goring of his horns. Some of them by the loudness of his bellow, by his burning breath he made them to fall to the ground. The Asura having caused Pramadas to fall, angrily ran to kill the lion of the goddess. The great hero enraged, tore up the earth with his hoofs and cast down the highest hills. He speedily turned about, cracked the earth, lashed the ocean with his tail, and made it to overflow everywhere. The clouds were dispersed by his long horns, the mountains and sky were blown into hundred pieces by his breath and sighs. The great Asura wrathfully bellowed! Chandika looked, highly enraged and endeavoured to lay hold on him. She threw out a Pasa to bind him, he was tied, and relinquished his buffaloe's form in this great combat. He instantly turned into a lion, within the time that Ambika cut of this head; he then converted himself into a man, held a sword and disappeared. Afterwards the goddess pierced him with her arrows, he with his sword and shield turned into a mighty elephant. The elephant pulled the lion with his trunk, and made a terrific noise, the goddess cut his proboscis with her sword. Afterwards the great Asura assumed the form of a buffaloe, and terrified the three Lokas of animates and inanimates. The passionate Chandika, matron of the world, frequently drank excellent liquor, bearing wrathful redness in her eyes. The Asura being highly endowed with bravery and lust, furiously hurled mountains with his horns on Chandika. She pulverized them with her strong arrows, and with increased intoxication and angry looking face.
गर्ज गर्ज क्षणं मूढ मधु यावत्पिबाम्यहम्।
मया त्वयि हतेऽत्रैव गर्जिष्यन्त्याशु देवताः॥३८
Devi cried "Oh! vain noise! noise! wait a moment until I perfectly drink this madhu; when you are slain by me here, all the gods will exclaim."
एवमुक्त्वा समुत्पत्य साऽऽरूढा तं महासुरम्।
पादेनाक्रम्य कण्ठे च शूलेनैनमताडयत्॥४०॥
ततः सोऽपि पदाऽऽक्रान्तस्तया निजमुखात्ततः।
अर्धनिष्क्रान्त एवासीद् देव्या वीर्येण संवृतः॥४१॥
अर्धनिष्क्रान्त एवासौ युध्यमानो महासुरः।
तया महासिना देव्या शिरश्छित्त्वा निपातितः॥४२॥
ततो हाहाकृतं सर्वं दैत्यसैन्यं ननाश तत्।
प्रहर्षं च परं जग्मुः सकला देवतागणाः॥४३॥
तुष्टुवुस्तां सुरा देवीं सह दिव्यैर्महर्षिभिः।
जगुर्गन्धर्वपतयो ननृतुश्चाप्सरोगणाः॥
The Rishi said, she laid hold on the great Asura, (who advanced towards her conveyance), with her feet, she struck him with her Sula. When he was caught hold on by her feet, his half real form from his face became manifest; the goddess was surrounded by a blaze of glory. The great Asura being half issued and fighting with her, the goddess cut off his head with her ample sword. Afterwards every one exclaimed, that the army of the Daitya was annihilated; then a multitude of deities were highly delighted. The band of deities, with the magnificient sages applauded the goddess, the kings of Gandharvas sung, Apsaras danced.
Thus from above description, it is clear it is Godesses Chandika (a form of Ambika), who slayed Mahisasura. Then, Gods pray with Godesses Ambika in chapter 84, after she slays Mahisasura. There is a beautiful long prayer. The prayer goes as:
देव्या यया ततमिदं जगदात्मशक्त्या
भक्त्या नताः स्म विदधातु शुभानि सा नः॥३॥
O Goddess! by thy power this world was created with spirits and gods of different and numerous forms. O Ambika! thou art revered by all the deities; the magnificent sages faithfully prostrate themselves to thee: mayest thou give us prosperity.
As a Side note, from the chapter 85, story of Sumbha and Nisumbha begins, and at that time there is no need for Gods, to manifest Ambika from their powers. At this time Ambika directly come from body of Parvati and goes to slay Sumbha, Nisumbha and other Daityas:
एवं स्तवादियुक्तानां देवानां तत्र पार्वती।
स्नातुमभ्याययौ तोये जाह्नव्या नृपनन्दन॥८४॥
साब्रवीत्तान् सुरान् सुभ्रूर्भवद्भिः स्तूयतेऽत्र का।
शरीरकोशतश्चास्याः समुद्भूताब्रवीच्छिवा॥८५॥
स्तोत्रं ममैतत् क्रियते शुम्भदैत्यनिराकृतैः।
देवैः समेतैः समरे निशुम्भेन पराजितैः॥८६॥
शरीर कोशाद्यत्तस्याः पार्वत्या निःसृताम्बिका।
कौशिकीति समस्तेषु ततो लोकेषु गीयते॥
The Rishi said, when the deities applauded Parvati, O prince! she went to perform ablution in the water of Janhavi. She asked them, "Whom did you greet there." The resplendent Shiva emanated from her body, and spoke thus to her. "They recited my praises, because they were expelled by the giant Sumbha, all the deities retreated before Nisumbha in the war." From the body of Parvati, Ambika issued, and was denominated Kouciki throughout the universe. When she had emanated from Parvati, (who turned black), she was called Kouciki and resorted about Himachala.
What I speculate is at the time of Mahisasura slaying event, Parvati was not born yet (she was born only after Chakshusha Manvanatara, ) while Sati already died in Pitri Kalpa and there was no physical form of Shakti whom Devas could evoke to kill Mahisasura. So, it was necessary that all use their Shakti and manifest from there (as Shakti is pervaded in power of all), and thus Ambika/Durga issued from there at that time. While in case of Sumbha and Nisumbha, Parvati was already there and Devas simply go and pray to Parvati and then Godesses Ambika manifested from Parvati.
Edit Update:
As mentioned in question Devi Bhagvatam quotes:
MahaLakshmi mentioned here is not consort of Lord Vishnu. I explain it in my answer here. Quoting from that answer:
ततोऽम्बिकां परां शक्तिं महालक्ष्मीस्वरुपिणीम् । तुष्टुवुस्ते सुराः सर्वे भक्तिगद्गदया गिरा ।।
The Gods then prayed to the Supreme Godesses Ambika in the form of MahaLakshmi with choked voice in devotion. .
एवं ते कथितो राजन्महालक्ष्म्याः समुद्भवः । सरस्वत्यास्त्तथोत्त्पत्तिं श्रृणु सुस्थेन चेतसा ।।
O King in this way the origin of MahaLakshmi has been spoken to you. Now with a cool mind listen to origin of (Maha)Saraswati.
So, MahaLakshmi described here is just form of Godesses Ambika and not consort of Lord Vishnu.
Here is two difference Sources May it will be helpful to know who killed Mahishasura both sources refer to Mahadevi Shakti so first we should know Who is Maha Devi Shakti?
The Shakta tradition glorifies Devi, the consort of Shiva, as the World Mother who, as Shakti, is the energy giving power behind all creation. Shakti is shown in many forms. As Uma or Parvati, she is the gentle consort of Shiva. As Kamakshi or Rajarajeshwari she is the Great Mother. In the form of Durga she rides a tiger, the ego and arrogance that man must subdue. In her angry form she is Kali.The earliest term applied to the divine feminine, which still retains its popular usage, is Shakti.The word Shakti is used in a variety of ways ranging from its use as a way to illustrate the ultimate primordial creative power, to expressing the capacity or power of words to convey meaning. The word 'Shakti' is derived from the root 'shak,' meaning potency or the potential to produce, an assertion of Her inherent creative aptitude. All interpretations of the word 'Shakti' hold common one parameter, Power. Specifically, Shakti means Power, Force and Feminine Energy. She represents the fundamental creative instinct underlying the cosmos, and is the energizing force of all divinity, of every being and every thing. Devotees believe the whole universe to be a manifestation of Shakti, who is also known by her general name Devi, from the Sanskrit root 'div' which means to shine.
According to Markandeya Purana The Form of Maha Devi so materialised created a luminous face with combined Shaktis in a formidal feminine form: while Yama’s powers created her hair, Vishnu’s power provided both her arms, Chandra’s radiance gave sparkling jewels, Indra contributed the belly, Varuna’s powers created thighs, Prithvi the rear, Brahma contribruted the feet, Surya provided the fingers of the feet; Vasuganas contributed hand fingers; Kubera’s ‘Tejas’ created the nose, Prajapati’s energy provided the teeth, Pavaka created all her three eyes, both the ‘Sandhyas’ gave away ‘bhrukutis’ (mid-portion of eye brows) and Vayu supplied the Devi’s ears. Maha Deva then contributed his Shula from his own, Narayana gave away a Chakra born out of his Chakra, Varuna gave a Shankha, Hutashana / Agni his Shakti, Vayu the Dhanus with powerful arrows, Indra gave his Vajra and a bell from Iravata, Yama gave his ‘Kaladanda’, Varuna a ‘Pasha’, Daksha Prajapati his Akshaya Maala (Rosary), Brahma his Kamanadalu (water vessel), Surya supplied his rays into Maha Devi’s skin pores; Kaal gave away his ‘Khadga’ (sword); Samudra Deva contributed pure pearls, shining clothes, valuable chudamani, precious ear-rings, and bangles; Moon gave away ‘Bhuja Kirtis’ (Shouder-Ornaments), neck laces, and finger rings; Vishwakarma donated ‘Astras’, ‘Kavacha’ (Body Secure); Himalaya provided the carrier Simha (Lion); and like wise all the various Devas gifted various items of their valuable possessions.
Now, Mahishasura led a fresh reserve of army, assuming his original form of a Mahisha or a buffalo, made several offensive gestures by way of forcefully pulling up his powerful horns high, by taking speedy circlings, by throwing up his mighty tail and by thumping his hooves making sounds like earth-quakes. The Asura jumped forward towards the Lion who created havoc and killed many of his warriors, whereby Maha Devi became livid with rage but Mahisha too got enraged and dug deep into the Earth and threw mountains by braying with frightful reverberation. The Asura’s breathing was so heavy that mountains shivered and sand storms got into motion with high velocity. Chandi Devi desired to kill Mahishasura in one go, but Maha Devi restrained Chandi and threw a powerful rope around the buffallo neck; She then assumed the form of a roaring lion, then as a huge elephant, and like a mammoth ‘Veera Purusha’. Meanwhile Chandika Devi consumed a huge cup of wine, got drunk with a resounding laugh with blood red eyes and said like a drunkard; ‘Oh miserable Stupid! Keep on with your roar as long as my wine is swallowed; your last moments have now started ticking and you should soon leave this World as your ignominous life would get terminated.’ By so saying, Chandi jumped up and strangled Mahishasura’s mighty neck and sliced it open; soon Rishi ganas performed ‘Veda Parayana’, Gandharvas sang sonorous hymns of praise for Devi Chandi who was but a shadow of Maha Devi, Apsaras danced to their glory and Devas headed by Indra went into deep raptures in great jubilation with unreserved gratitude to Parama Maha Devi.
According to Devibhagwatpurana
The entire Universe and the Pancha Bhutas ( The Five Elements) were dislocated from their axis as the duel was in progress. The Danava tied up his tail to mountains and whirled them against Maha Devi, who was enjoying cups of Grape juice meanwhile. The Demon kept on transforming his body forms in such quick succession that one could hardly realise what was happening and each time there was a change, he was striking from various angles with different kinds of arms like arrows, swords, Trisulas (Tridents), clubs, and maces. Charged then with red eyes looking like torrential balls of fire, Devi Bhagavati finally lost Her cool and commanded Her Chakra ( discus) which broke Mahisha’s body split into two, each part jumping one over another and the Greatest menace on Earth had thus been terminated; there were hysteric shriekings and reverberations of earsplitting sounds of high volume drummings spread across the entire Universe to the utmost relief and ecstasy of all Devas, Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Kimpurushas, Apsaras and world wide congregations of Sages all rejoicing with celebrations.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7434 | Friday, March 16, 2007
At this speed, the tires wear out in 15 minutes.
But that's ok, because the fuel runs out in 12 minutes.
Plus: it's got 10 radiators.
friday car blogging, via dogscratcher
Archaeopteryx said...
Watching that actually made my mouth water. I'm a human being that is normally dull as dishwater--I don't ski, or water ski, or do anything remotely dangerous. But God, I love to go fast.
hipparchia said...
speed. i love it. my favorite is still fast horses though. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7449 | “Every good and perfect gift is from above” James 1:17
“I am fearfully and wonderfully made” Psalm 139:14
“I am more than a conqueror” Romans 8:37
“God direct my path, because I let Him”Proverbs 3:6
My afflictions are many, but God delivers me – Psalm 34:19
“God always supply my needs,according to His riches” Philippians 4:19
Goodness and mercies follow me daily – Psalms 23:6
“His grace is sufficient for me” 2 Corinthians 12:9
“God never leaves me, nor forsake me” Hebrews 13:5
God love me so much, He sent Jesus to save me – John 3:16
Nothing can separate me from Gods love – Romans 8:39
God wants me to be prosperous and healthy – Jeremiah 29:11
“No weapons formed against me shall prosper” Isaiah 54:17
“God is my refuge, and fortress”Psalm 91:2
“God’s peace is baffling, but it keeps your heart and mind” Philippians 4:7
If you don’t know the blessings that salvation brings go to the top of this blog, click on to the salvation page, and follow the instructions, it will be the best thing you ever did.
I give God the praise, glory, honor, and thanks for using me to encourage or comfort someone today, but the God of all grace, who hath called us unto His eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after ye have suffered awhile, make you perfect, establish, strengthen, settle you, to Him be the glory and dominion forever and ever ,amen.
(100th post) |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7491 | Rebecca Duvall
Home » Bible Study » The Wise Are Saying…
The Wise Are Saying…
brick houseProverbs 24
Saying 20
Do not envy the wicked, do not desire their company; for their hearts plot violence, and their lips talk about making trouble.
Saying 21
Saying 22
Saying 23
Saying 24
Whoever plots evil will be known as a schemer. The schemes of folly are sin, and people detest a mocker.
Saying 25
If you falter in a time of trouble, how small is your strength! Rescue those being led away to death; hold back those staggering toward slaughter. If you say, “But we knew nothing about this,” does not he who weighs the heart perceive it?
Saying 26
Saying 27
Do not lurk like a thief near the house of the righteous, do not plunder their dwelling place; for though the righteous fall seven times, they rise again, but the wicked stumble when calamity strikes.
Saying 28
Saying 29
Saying 30
Fear the Lord and the king, my son, and do not join with rebellious officials, for those two will send sudden destruction on them, and who knows what calamities they can bring?
Further Sayings of the Wise
These also are sayings of the wise: To show partiality in judging is not good: Whoever says to the guilty, “You are innocent,” will be cursed by peoples and denounced by nations. But it will go well with those who convict the guilty, and rich blessing will come on them. An honest answer is like a kiss on the lips. Put your outdoor work in order and get your fields ready; after that, build your house. Do not testify against your neighbor without cause—would you use your lips to mislead? Do not say, “I’ll do to them as they have done to me; I’ll pay them back for what they did.” I went past the field of a sluggard, past the vineyard of someone who has no sense; thorns had come up everywhere, the ground was covered with weeds, and the stone wall was in ruins. I applied my heart to what I observed and learned a lesson from what I saw: A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest—and poverty will come on you like a thief and scarcity like an armed man. Vs 1-34
24 3wisdom
When we seek Gods wisdom, His plan for our lives, He fills our lives with rare and beautiful things; things we could not obtain on our own. We are surrounded by fellow brothers and sisters in Christ who are equipped to help us win the battles we face against sin and evil.
Saying you’re a true believer of God when things are going well is simple. The true test of our faith is seen in whom we seek in times of trouble. God strengthens those who trust He is there and seek His plan in times of need.
Do not be jealous of those who have more than you. Do not wish ill will to them or look for ways to destroy them. Do not laugh when they fall. The wicked may cause the righteous to fall temporarily, but God will not allow them to stay down for long. Do not worry yourself about the evil acts the wicked involve themselves in. Those who are envious and gloat will receive God’s judgment one day.
Those who witness a fellow brother or sister in Christ commit a sin is to bring the sin out. It is not to be ignored. Otherwise, those who witnessed the sin are now guilty of sin as well. Those who take action to help the accused turn from their sin will be blessed.
My prayer for us today ~ Father God, thank you for the fellow brothers and sisters in Christ you surround us with. I pray will will have the opportunity to share the wisdom you have given to us with those around us, Amen
armor of God
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7515 | (tag) – acoustics
Critical Distance
Critical Distance or Dc is the distance from a sound source where the level of direct sound equals that of any reverberant sound. Dc applies to all sound gathering but measuring it is normally only required when advance planning of microphone positions is needed. Critical Distance does not dictate where a microphone must be placed…
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A Sabin is the amount of absorption equivalent to one square metre of open window (which would allow the sound to escape from the room with no reflections). Named after American acoustician Wallace Clement Sabine (June 13, 1868 – January 10, 1919). See also Sound Absorption Coefficients for Some Common Materials.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7520 | Skip to content
Consent Management with Single-Sign-On
Consent management provides users with choice and control over sharing their personal data and establishes trust between the users and the service provider. The following sections explain how WSO2 Identity Server handles consent management within the single-sign-on (SSO) authentication flow.
This section guides you through the consent management flow for SSO authentication.
1. When configuring claims for a service provider, the identity admin can specify requested claims and mandatory claims that determine what user information the service provider requires. This claim configuration governs what user attributes the user is prompted to consent to.
Note: "Requested Claims" are claims that are requested by the service provider. Marking a claim as a " Mandatory Claim" ensures that the WSO2 IS will definitely send a value for this claim to the service provider. When a user logs into this service provider, if the identity provider does not provide a value for any of the mandatory claims, the user will be prompted to provide them at the time of login as shown in the image below.
2. When a user is authenticated for the relevant application, the service provider requests the user information represented by these claims.
3. The user is prompted to provide consent to share the requested personal information with the service provider. Depending on the preference, users can select which attributes to share with the service provider and which attributes they wish to opt out of sharing by selecting/deselecting the relevant claims accordingly. A sample user consent request screen is shown below.
Note the following:
• To successfully proceed with the authentication flow, the user must select all mandatory claims (marked with * ) and a pprove the consent request. The u ser cannot proceed with authentication without providing consent for the mandatory claims.
• If a claim does not have a display name specified, the claim's URI appears on the screen instead. You can specify a claim's display name by navigating to Claims > List in the management console and clicking Edit next to the claim.
4. Once the user provides approval to share the user attributes, WSO2 Identity Server will store the consent in relation to the user and the application. This means that the user will not be prompted for consent again unless one of the following occurs:
• The user has revoked consent for the application. For more information on revoking user consent, see Configuring consent for services .
• The application requires new mandatory claims that the user has not consented to previously. If the service provider requests for any new mandatory claim values, the user will only be prompted to provide consent for the newly added mandatory claims
Before you begin
Configure the Travelocity sample app as a service provider in WSO2 Identity Server. For more information, see the Deploying the Sample App tutorial.
1. Edit the above created service provider's Claim Configuration to configure the following service provider claims.
• http://<claim_dialect>/claims/fullname (mandatory claim)
• http://<claim_dialect>/claims/email (mandatory claim)
• http://<claim_dialect>/claims/gender
• http://<claim_dialect>/claims/dob
2. Access the following URL: http://wso2is.local:8080/ .
You are directed to the following page.
3. Click Click here to login with SAML from Identity Server. You are redirected to the WSO2 Identity Server for authentication.
4. Enter the user credentials and click Submit.
5. Once you have provided the correct credentials, you are redirected to the consent request screen for approval.
Note: The consent screen appears only if the user has already entered values for the mandatory claims. If any of these values is missing (e.g., if Email is a mandatory claim, but the user has not yet provided an email address), a screen appears where the user must enter those values before the consent screen will appear.
6. Select the claims that you consent to share with the Travelocity application and click Approve. You must select all mandatory claims to successfully complete the authentication. After providing consent, you are redirected to the Travelocity application home page.
For more information on revoking/accepting user consent, see Configuring consent for services .
You can disable consent management for the product using the following global configuration (applies to all tenants). Once consent management is disabled, the user will not be prompted to provide consent during authentication.
Open the deployment.toml file found in the in <IS_HOME>/repository/conf/ directory and add the following configuration.
prompt= false
To re-enable consent management for SSO, you can set the above configuration to true. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7543 | Inkspiration Calendar 2: Finishing Line Pens
In Art supplies, Art Travels, Spellbinders
Join me on vacation as I travel through Italy with my fabulous new Finishing Line pens.
The handy Penvelope contains 10 pens that are archival, lightfast, quick drying and waterproof! These qualities make them perfect companions for the traveling artist!
There are 10 pens in the set:
2 Micro fine nibs for creating tiny and delicate details.
3 Chisel nibs for lettering and angled drawing lines
1 nylon ‘Super Brush’ for sweeping lines
3 Flexible brush nibs for drawing, dramatic application.
Celebrate INKtober with me on 31 days of inky shenanigans!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7544 | JEHReading2015reading: Fanny Bay, BC, 2014
Jane Eaton Hamilton is the author of 9 books of cnf, fiction and poetry, including the 2016 novel WEEKEND. The Vancouver Sun called WEEKEND a “tour de force. Remarkable.” Publishers Weekly called it “propulsive.”
Jane Eaton Hamilton goes by “Hamilton.”
Hamilton’s books have been shortlisted for the MIND Book Award, the BC Book Prize, the VanCity Award, the Pat Lowther Award and the Ferro-Grumley Award. Their memoir was one of the UK Guardian’s Best Books of the Year and a Sunday Times bestseller. They are the two-time winner of Canada’s CBC Literary Award for fiction (2003/2014). They’ve had a notable in BASS and BAE (2016) and have appeared in The Journey Prize, Best Canadian Short Stories and Best Canadian Poetry. Their work has also appeared in publications such as Salon, The Rumpus, The Missouri Review, The Sun and the NY Times along with many other places. They have been the recipient of numerous grants.
Hamilton edits for Many Gendered Mothers and is a frequent jury member for literature awards. They mentor new queer writers and serve on literature juries.
They have been a judge for publishing grants, the BC Book Prizes, the Alberta Book Prize, QWF, The Writer’s Trust Dayne Ogilvie Award, and many more, and a writer-in-residence at Historic Joy Kogawa House.
They are represented by Carolyn Forde at Transatlantic in Toronto.
A photographer and painter, Hamilton’s photography has hung on display at Kew Gardens, UK and won many awards.
A queer activist, they were one of Canada’s litigants in the same-sex marriage case. They are also known for speaking out on disability rights and against violence towards women. They live in Vancouver, where their hobbies are gardening, dancing and trying to learn languages.
Screen Shot 2014-11-29 at 11.02.10 AMimage
L: Saskatoon, 2014; R: North by Northwest, CBC, 2014 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7576 | Get a Free Horoscope
Why are Planets Important in Jothishi?
Jothishi or Vedic astrology uses nine ‘planets’ or Grahas. Though the Grahas are not planets as per the scientific definition of the word, the word Graha has been translated as ‘planet’. The planets used are the Sun, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter and the nodes of the Moon (Rahu and Ketu). The planets in Vedic astrology are the ones that are visible to the naked eye. In this scheme of things, Saturn is the furthest planet. Vedic astrology does not use the outer planets.
Can Planets Affect Us
The whole premise of astrology is based on the concept of “as above so below”. Astrology is founded on the belief that the planets all effect us. The entire universe is made of atoms and molecules that are subjected to the laws of physics and metaphysics.
People are also made up of the same elements as the rest of the universe. We are also made up of ‘stardust’. We are made up of both our physical bodies as well as our mind and soul. By this reasoning, we are also subject to the physical and metaphysical influences of the heavenly bodies. Each planet has its own nature and effect upon us. So, the configuration of the planets at the time of birth is the birth chart. The continuous movements of the planets also affect us as transits. Astrologers view these transits from the viewpoint of the Earth.
While the planets each go about their rotations and revolutions in a measured and steady manner, their apparent motion relative to the Earth is different. They seem to move faster, slow down, station and even retrograde. Astrology gives us the keys to decode these apparent motions and relate them to our lives. The Sun and Moon are the luminaries in the chart while Jupiter and Saturn are the slow-moving planets.
The Planets And The Sun
The Planets And The Sun
The astrologers of olden times identified and named the constellations. The 360 degree backdrop of the sky as visible from the earth is demarcated into twelve divisions. These are the twelve divisions or signs of the Zodiac. Jothishi calls them Rashis. The Rashis are named based on the characteristics of the constellations. The position of the planets against the backdrop of these constellations tells us where the planet is placed in the chart.
The nature of the planets in different schools of astrology have subtle variations across the globe. But, many of the myths and legends that define a planet and its attributes are similar.
Vedic astrology has its own definitions of each of the planets’ natures and influences. Vedic astrology gives the Moon Rashi and Nakshatra more importance than that of the Sun. The Lagna or ascendant is what defines the assignment of houses to each Rashi in a Vedic astrology chart.
Stars In the Sky
Stars In The Sky
The zodiac sign of the Moon at the time of a person’s birth is their Janma Rashi and the Nakshatra is the Janma Nakshatra. This is one of the key factors in a person’s horoscope as per Vedic astrology. The Dasha sequence of a person are based on the position of the Moon at birth.
The Moon primarily signifies the mind and the emotional characteristics of a person in Vedic astrology. It also signifies the mother or mother figure in a person’s life. It governs the maternal instincts of a person. The relative positions of the Moon and Jupiter to each other in the birth chart are studied for wealth. The Moon affects how we see things in life as well as our thoughts and emotions. So a good and positive Moon will indicate a happy disposition and optimistic outlook in life.
The Moon Signifies The Mind
The Moon Signifies The Mind
The Sun signifies the head or leader. It is also the significator of our soul and life force. In a horoscope, the Sun when placed well brings power and fame and if not placed well gives arrogance. It is the indicator of the leadership qualities, individuality, honesty, mental strength, self-respect, ego and ambition of a person. It also signifies the government and boss.
Jupiter is the great benefic in a horoscope. He signifies, growth, development, wisdom, knowledge, religion, philosophy, spirituality, generosity, good morals and good fortune. Jupiter is vast and great and is the ruler of teachers and priests. He has the ability to reduce the negativity and maleficence of a malefic planet. For women, the position of Jupiter in the chart signifies the husband. A good Jupiter shows a happy married life while a difficult placement indicates difficulties in married life. Jupiter rules the fat, liver and bile of the human body.
Saturn is the slowest and furthest planet as per Vedic astrology. He is a Karmic planet. Even people who have no deep knowledge of astrology are aware of the transits of Saturn and the hyperbole that surrounds the ill effects of his transits.
Saturn The Karmic Planet
Saturn The Karmic Planet
The two most well-known transits of Saturn are the Sade Sati and the Dhaiyya periods. The Sade Sati period is when Saturn transits the 12th, 1st and 2nd houses of the Moon chart. Dhaiyya period is when Saturn transits the 4th or 8th from the Moon. Saturn is cold and dry and is indicative of old people. Though he is considered malefic in Vedic astrology his favourable placement can give great wealth and success. When not placed well he can give suffering, sorrow, misery, depression, poverty, delays and hurdles in life. Saturn is also a teacher but he is a hard taskmaster who is strict with his punishments and just in his rewards. He is also the planet of justice and gives a person rewards as per his karma and deeds.
Mars is a strong, fierce and fiery planet. It governs aggression, passion and masculinity. It governs empty land, real estate, professions such as law enforcement and defence, engineers, builders and warriors. He also indicates accidents, wounds, cuts, scars, surgery and pain. Therefore he also governs surgeons. A well placed Mars indicates determination, passion and good administration skills. A poorly places Mars can give anger management issues and an over-aggressive nature. It is responsible for accidents and wars. Mars governs the bone marrow and blood in a person.
Venus is also a teacher but he is the teacher of the Demons. He is a benefic and is feminine in nature. Shukra or Venus in Vedic astrology is the ruler of love, romance, luxury, fine things, beauty, attraction, wealth, prosperity and knowledge. Venus gives materialistic happiness and pleasure in marriage. An afflicted Venus gives a lack of physical attractiveness and difficulties in love and married life. It rules the sexual organs, eyes, nose, skin, throat, bladder and kidneys. The planet Venus rules all the arts that involve charm and creativity such as music, writing, singing, designing, theatre, dancing and other artistic pursuits. In a man’s chart, Venus signifies the wife.
Moon, Venus And Jupiter Conjunction
Moon, Venus And Jupiter Conjunction
Mercury rules logic, thought, cleverness, communication, energy, intelligence, nerves and emotions. Oratory skills, communication technology, wit, humour, intelligence, debate, agreements, poetry, grammar, research and flexible nature are Mercurian. The planet Mercury is also related to business, trade, banking and commerce. People with well placed Mercury are sharp thinkers but are also very indecisive.
Rahu and Ketu – The Nodes of The Moon
Rahu and Ketu are not actual planets but calculated points. They are always at the opposite ends of the horoscope at 180 degrees distance from each other. Rahu is the north node of the Moon and Ketu is the south node of the Moon. They are called shadow planets. It is these points that cause eclipses of the Sun and the Moon.
According to Hindu mythology, Rahu and Ketu are the two halves of the demon Svarbhanu . He disguised himself as a God and took a sip of the nectar of immortality. The Sun and the Moon detected him. They exposed the imposter to Lord Vishnu who cut the demon’s head off. The head portion o Rahu while the tail is Ketu.
Rahu is a planet that has an explosive nature of greatly exaggerating nature. Rahu is malefic and is very powerful and also dirty, unkempt and ugly. It governs shadowy things such as ghosts, spirits, apparitions and black magic. Rahu also represents foreign things, jails, import/export, cheating, poison, jail, magicians, politics, cancer, grandparents and electricity. Photography and film making are also under the purview of Rahu. Though Rahu can cause a great rise to power and wealth when not favourably placed Rahu can cause depression, allergies, infertility, emotional imbalances and confusion.
Ketu has the opposite nature to Rahu. While Rahu is exaggeration, Ketu is detachment. It signifies breakage, destruction, cutting, revolutionaries, terrorists and blackmailers. Due to its non-materialistic nature of detachment, Ketu also symbolises spirituality and enlightenment. When well placed there is a tendency towards spiritualistic and non-material pursuits, high intuition and wisdom. It symbolises solitude, isolation, penance, divorce, communication with spirits, secrets and mysterious knowledge. When not well placed Ketu can cause unnecessary depression, worries, anxiety and poor concentration. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7577 | Momentum Music Fund
Momentum Music Fund
Wednesday, 11 September 2019, 5.00pm
The Momentum Music Fund offers grants of £5k-£15k for UK based artists/bands to break through to the next level of their careers. Activities eligible for support include recording, touring and marketing.
The Momentum Music Fund is run by PRS Foundation in partnership with PPL, Creative Scotland, Arts Council of Wales, Welsh Government, Arts Council of Northern Ireland, Invest NI and Spotify, plus events partner Ben Sherman. PRS Foundation and Arts Council England initiated The Momentum Music Fund in 2013.
See link below for further details.
|
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7586 | Jyuu (jyuufish) wrote,
I didn't go to bed as early as I wanted to because I happened to buy Fable II. And man I tell ya that's an addictive game, however it is also easy in that game to scare villagers by randomly hitting the 'inferno' button and then little hate buttons pop up over their head. Very good game, very much a "you build your own fate' type of game, I've been really good at being pure, except for of course the randomly showing off inferno to the villagers (when they don't want to see it). I woke up, took a bath and hten played more Fable II.
When you pop out the head of some villian you randomly beat, it increases your renown and it's funny because I'm playing the girl named Sparrow and she's like "YAY!" whenever she pops out that head. So cute.
THAT'S IT! That's really all I'm doing. I cooked some semblance of dinner (really without my girlfriend around, sadly I'm just a bachlor and subsist on food that probably isn't so good for me.. it's because I'm lazy and you can't beat Shu's cooking. (two weeks without bread, I CRY!)
Also cinnamint Total Care mouthwash is surprisingly good. Teaches me never to buy the EucalyptusMint generic sam's choice offbrand. (or maybe I just hate eucalyptus.. evidentally am NOT A KOALA.
Have I mentioned yet that I miss Shu? Because I do.
Tell me everyone, what is your biggest fandom that you're really into right now? And I want to know -why- you like it so much.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7590 | [DG-BSC] FYI: Blockchain Healthcare 2016 Report
John Wunderlich john at wunderlich.ca
Thu Oct 6 17:05:18 CDT 2016
John Wunderlich,
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Pleez 4give speling erurz
"...a world of near-total surveillance and endless record-keeping is likely to be one with less liberty, less experimentation, and certainly far less joy..." A. Michael Froomkin
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7601 | I started using TypeScript for my next project at Moat and I have to say I really love it. I’ve always been a fan of type safe language — largely for the compile-time debugging, code completion, and readability — which is why I’m such a huge fan of Swift. TypeScript has given me the structure and safety that I’ve found with Java and Swift, and has reinvigorated my love for web development. I’ve always considered web development to be somewhat of the “wild west” — not too much standardization and with no checks and balances to minimize errors.
Using TypeScript has eliminated a whole category of bugs that would be present in traditional Javascript. I’m using atom-typescript (v11.0.6) which includes a live linter that checks my code on “compile” rather than during runtime. Because of this, my development time (after I got the hang of some syntax complications) was significantly increased. I no longer had unexpected types, undefined variables, and missing properties on objects. TypeScript can track the type of variables to ensure that functions always receive their specified inputs, variables don’t change types unless explicitly allowed, and code doesn’t attempt to access object attributes that aren’t actually there (also helps with spelling mistakes).
It has huge benefits with scalability because of the code clarity and readability. Deciphering poorly written code is a nightmare, but if it had type safety, using the interfaces alone would provide a good map of what’s going on. Furthermore, you wouldn’t have to spend ten minutes to trace the shape of the return object on a function. Team members could better understand the input and output of your code making compartmentalization and modulation a lot easier and more natural.
One of the major drawbacks to TypeScript is efficiency. For small scale projects without many complicated objects and nested types, TypeScript might slow your development time down. TypeScript excels in complicated projects where you or a team member must use a complicated object with doubly nested arrays, objects, and dictionaries. This is where knowing exactly what variables you will have at your hands is a lifesaver.
TypeScript can also be annoying when the type you expect to receive either doesn’t or varies. Even though you can “turn off” type safety by either not declaring a type or using any as the type, it’s still annoying when the linter complains about something that isn’t really within your control.
I’m sure I’ll find many more annoyances after I’ve gotten deeper into it. After all, I’ve only been using it for about a day so I’m probably naive and buying into the initial hype. Regardless, I’m having fun with TypeScript and opinions are better than no opinions.
I recognized TypeScript’s true power when I was setting up interfaces. Interfaces are like kind of like Structures in Swift without the variable declaration. They do not contain variables or values. Instead, they essentially map out an object’s shape. For example, I’ve been playing around with GitHub’s API for a project and here are two of my interfaces:
// Declare shape of repository
interface GitHubRepository {
name: string;
id: number;
interface GitHubFile {
type: string;
encoding: string;
name: string;
path: string;
content: string;
someFunction: { (parameter1: string ): number }; // someFunction(parameter1: 'Hello')
You can also merge and extend interfaces like so:
import * as express from 'express';
// Adds onto the original interface from 'Express'
interface Request extends express.Request {
session {
username: string;
Now, I can use GitHubFile or GitHubRepository as a type just like I would with any other variable type. I have the added benefit of code completion now. When I type a variable name of type GitHubFile and press period, a list of properties and their expected type shows up. It enables IDE’s to be much smarter about their suggestions to the point where it’s honestly approaching Xcode level.
Basic Syntaxes
const numbers: Array<number> = Math.random();
const getReadme = (name: string) : Promise<GitHubFile> => { }
const random: any = Math.random();
const value: number = random as number;
Defining Generics:
// A promise function that declares a GitHubFile as the promise response
Final Thoughts
Overall, I’ve been very satisfied with TypeScript so far. The combination of code completion, reduced debugging time, and clean structure has made for a hugely satisfying development process. I’m thinking about refactoring my NodeJS Heroku server to TypeScript just so I can keep using it. Hope this post was helpful and I highly recommend you give TypeScript a shot!
Posted in Web Development with Javascript, ES6, Express Server, Backend Server |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7628 | Monthly Archives: December 2014
There is a certain nourishment, which accompanies human touch. Without such nurturing, one can suffer emotionally. Not all touch has substance. There is touch which stems from sexual desire. In itself, sexual desire is a mere blink of emotion. Love based touch is resilient. Love in itself, can take weight your shoulders. Love and sex combined, are powerfully… sublime. Concern of societies norms, thrown to the wind, and all sensual desires embraced… THAT defies definition… and often society! For me to have experienced that freedom, was in itself a gift.
Relationships evolve, affected by our challenges; both physical and emotional. Our egos, may indeed fall under attack. Aging issues can chip away at ego, particularly masculinity. That’s quite a test of friendship and commitment when those challenges present. It’s also a show of intelligence when those affected, can rewrite how they approach their partner.
I believe that while everyone has that intelligence, few are able to get past the denial involved to create a fresh canvas in a challenging chapter. A lifetime of intimacy renders us habitual, and behavior is difficult to relearn. It’s human nature in thinking; What comes easily at one point, should later as well. To relearn how to touch, when emotions are compromised, involves strength and investment. It’s that evolution in a relationship, involving an investment, that few can comprehend. This is especially true, if the smoke of challenge is clouding that vision.
For continued growth in a long-term relationship, you must invest energy. It takes a very powerful energy within, to grow in the face of challenge. I noted in a prior post:
It is believed our chakra energy is formed in childhood. No matter if you believe in chakras or energy, we must acknowledge the lasting touch childhood has upon us.
It’s unfortunate when the *two* do not possess that energy. It is usually the one who is NOT challenged, which carries that emotional weight and understanding.
This has been the toughest realization of my lifetime. I’ve loved and lost many dear ones, due to death. Never before, have I felt loss of one who is among the living and within my reach.
My great grandfathers words ring deep, with this lesson. Thank you, Papa. Those words and that story, stand on their own and are due their own entry.
Shooting Star
A bit of chill in the wind,
warmed by a response,
to a shooting star.
Looking up, at the same time.
I am reminded, it was
not a dream.
Distance vanishes.
Brought by the magic of a star,
ah a meteorite.
The warmth of hearing you once more,
more comfort than imagined.
This move still has an ethereal feel to it.
I cannot shake that dreamy; *Am I really here?* feel to this chapter.
It’s almost as if I dreamed up this town, the lake, the people and their smiles.
Stress upon stress fall behind me, most unable to follow me to Mexico.
The packing that preceded this move, turned into a frenzy in the final weeks.
And then, when that frenzied, determined smoke cleared…
This is now my home. A home which feels like home, much more than past moves.
I venture out, down the terrain of cobblestoned streets. My hiking shoes protect my ankles, as I hoist groceries back up up up that hill. Transportation is a couple of months
in the distance. Uh oh… these groceries… I need a burrow at least!
Where did I see that sign… Massage? Was it down this street, surely it was? But no, and so I travel into the village. Poking my head into doors to find it is oh so so much for a massage. so very businessy in it’s energy… uh uh. Feet back on the cobblestones… back up that hill. Oh once more down this street, that street…
Tantric, Stone, Deep tissue, Chakra and more…
The energy reaches, searches and meets with mine.
This fits like I imagined massage… Thus my reward, for circling around and around, peaking through corridors and courtyards.
Sublime… so very… and then I hear an addition to the music. Chanting a touch so low I can barely hear it, thinking it is merely a part of the music?
But, ah the direction is near me. Little song, and a drop more of chanting, as she works that uncooperative neck and shoulder.
Quieted, she places what feels like a coin… forehead and points… amid a tapestry of touches, scents, mist whooshing over me… she leans in and whispers, my sensing a question in her tone.. (Gosh my hearing is awful)… She repeats. “You are different”
I laugh and think to myself… So what else is new?
Massage over, this talented woman wrestles with English to explain what she meant. The short of it is, all my chakras are open.
Which seems to surprise her, for most aches and muscle imbalances are in part due to some sort of energy imbalance, of which she explains is not the case with me. So few words, but so hard to explain to me, for there is a language barrier. She wants to know why this is, but cannot verbalize it. I smile and explain how the love lives on… my mother.
It’s interesting, for I know so little of chakras, but instinctively I knew. I knew that anything which fortified something deep, had to come from my mother/childhood. Interesting for when I do a touch of research online, I find that childhood is when our chakras are formed.
So my chakras are open… hmmm… this escapee may be powerful in ways that indeed are rather ethereal.
(This painting depicts Picasso’s famous mistress and muse Marie-Therese Walter. A nude Marie-Therese sprawls across the bottom half of the painting, while her bust (a sculpture that Picasso had created in 1931) adorns a pedestal. The leaves are of a philodendron or love tree, a fast-growing plant that Picasso had in his own home. A closer look reveals Picasso’s lips emerging from behind a veil. )
As a verb, to muse is to consider something thoughtfully.
I’d also like to share the following descriptive…
“Many artists, writers, poets and musicians have said that their creative work has been inspired by an individual whom they refer to as their muse. A muse is someone who has such an influence on another that he or she becomes the focus and inspiration for that person’s creative work. The term has historically been used by men to describe the women that they have been in love with and made the subject of their work.
The word muse originates from Greek mythology. The Greek gods Zeus and Mnemosyne had nine daughters called the Muses. The nine daughters were of one being in heart, spirit and thought. If the muses loved a man, then the man’s worries instantly disappeared. The man who was loved by the muses was considered to be more sacred than a holy man.
Throughout the history of the arts, men and women have been inspired by their own muses. Think of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, two people who were inspired by each other and became the subject of much of the other’s work. One world famous artist who incorporated his muses into his work was the painter Pablo Picasso. Throughout his life, each of the women he met and loved became his subject.”
I came across the term muse in many a descriptive, of Picasso’s art. He often would refer to his subject/mistress(es), as his muse. I suppose that had impressed me to the point that muse became scented with sexual and intimate implications.
Pablo-Picasso-7Picasso’s mistress Marie-Therese Walter forms the subject of this expensive Picasso painting. The artist captures his muse asleep on a chair a scene that is repeated in another painting from the same series, La Lecture. Picasso was 50 at the time; Marie-Therese was 24. It is believed that Picasso painted the piece within a single afternoon on 24 January 1932. The painting is famous for its erotic content. This link offers a bit of history of a few Picasso’s which I found interesting.
I am an artist in written word, erotica, photography and art. I have always wanted to go deeper into my art. However, I put my supplies away, decades ago.
Now I am presented with yet another chance! As I packed for Mexico, I unearthed those treasured art supplies. I added more supplies, infused with both new and worn. The new was easy to behold. These were new water color pencils. They would bridge the gap between charcoal and color. My hands always craved detail and the ease of a pencil. It will be a difficult habit to break. My mind would crave color, but never having ventured beyond charcoal and pencil.
The worn were of my mothers legacy. Pastels, lovingly worn, chiseled and chipped by that of my mother’s hand. When I held them, I felt her.
Those pastels were to be used for a final project. I was to pose as her model, for a nude. That project never birthed, but in her mind and mine. I in a sense, was her muse.
Lesson learned. Never wait, when inspiration embraces.
I will examine this further, and where her hand rested, we both shall create this and other visions.
Where shall this muse, the fuel for such inspiration, be found.
I have first hand, experienced the writing frenzy that is accompanied by a deep friendship or lover.
It is exquisite in colors, so overwhelming that the words and emotion outnumbered the ability to place all on paper.
I see the fire in Picasso’s work, and think of my artists supplies. In thinking back to past inspirations; I am beginning to understand. For some (myself), inspiration must precede art. The best inspiration comes from outside ourselves, in that of a mutual inspiration. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7629 | Laila Nasheeba
Become an Ally of Allah Session 7 – Laila Nasheeba
“Beware of the look of the believer, for verily, he sees with the light of Allah.”
Lecture speaks of how the allies of Allah are able to discern if a miracle is from Allah or shaytaan. Environment plays a big role in determining this.
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7638 | Aeolic Verse : Advanced Variations
Below are variations on the Aeolic verse pattern, centralized in the glycolic verse discussed in the previous post. To review the glyconic, click here.
Priapean verse is 1 glyconic and 1 Pherecratean together, with a diaeresis between them
xx –˘˘–˘– // ˚˚–˘˘– –
• the verse form is named for the Priapeia, a collection of 95 anonymous poems concerning the phallic god Priapus, some of which are written in the Priapean style
The Lesser Asclepiad is 1 glyconic with 1 extra nucleus interposed
xx –˘˘– –˘˘– ˘–
• there is usually a word-end after the first of the two nuclei
• the verse form is named for the Hellenistic poet Asclepiades
The Greater Asclepiad features 1 glyconic with 2 extra nuclei interposed
xx –˘˘– –˘˘– –˘˘–˘–
• there are usually word-ends at the first and second nuclei
The Alcaic Hendecasyllable features 1 iambic metron with a shortened (‘headless’) glyconic
x–˘– x –˘˘– ˘–
• The gylconic is shortened insofar as it is missing it’s first variable syllable
• The line is so-named because it contains eleven syllables (Greek ἕνδεκα)
• The line is name of the lyric poet Alcaeus
The Phalaecean Hendecasyllable is a glyconic followed by a 1 bacchiac foot
xx –˘˘– ˘– ˘–x
• The verse is named for Phalaecus, an early epigrammatist
• Is it just mean, or are these verse forms starting to sound like breeds of dragon from Harry Potter?
Non-Glyconic Aeolic Styles
The following verse variations are not considered glyconic derivatives.
The Aristophanic features a nucleus and a 1 bacciac foot
–˘˘– ˘––
• Named, of course, for Aristophanes
The Adonic verse form is a nucleus with one long
• It is named for laments to Adonis, the ‘eastern’ god of beauty, desire, etc.
• It is the fourth line of the Sapphic stanza
The Sapphic Hendecasyllable contains 1 trochaic and an Aristophanic (nucleus with bacchiac foot)
–˘–x –˘˘– ˘––
The Greater Sapphic interposes an additional nucleus.
–˘–x –˘˘– –˘˘– ˘––
• Both verses are featured in the Sapphic stanza, named for the poet Sappho
The Lesser Alcaic features a dactyl and an Aristophanic (nucleus with a bacciac foot)
–˘˘ –˘˘– ––
The Essential AG: 625
Famous Phrase:
cui dōnō lepidum novum libellum? [a Phalaecean hendecasyllable: xx ––˘˘– ˘–˘–x]
to whom do I dedicate this charming new booklet? -Catullus, Carmina 1.1
Aeolic Verse
Summary of Aeolic Verse
Unlike most verse forms, Aeolic is not composed of feet. Instead, Aeolics are measured in cola. Any Aeolic colon will contain three principal parts:
• Aeolic base + choriambic nucleus + one of several Aeolic tails
The Aeolic base is a series of two beat positions, which varies from line to line in any given work
• It may be an iamb ( ˘– ), a trochee ( –˘ ) or a spondee ( –– ), but never a dibrach ( ˘˘).
The nucleus, in every line of every kind of Aeolic verse, will always appear as –˘˘– .
The Aeolic tail, which varies between each type of verse, takes numerous forms (see below).
Whereas metric poetry contains a set number of feet, with a variant number of possible syllable combinations, Aeolic verse offers a consistent number of syllables in each an every line (of a given work). This makes it easy to scan! All variants of each verse will sound the same.
The most common Aeolic verse forms are named for Greek poets who put them too use, and less common verse forms are often described as a variant of these standard types.
It’s likely helpful to consider ‘Aeolic verse’ as a family of different metrical styles, rather than a set, single ‘game’ of verse, with the same standardized rules.
Aeolic is a collection of dialects; Iambic trimeter is a particular grammar.
The Basic (Glyconic) Verse Line
xx –˘˘– ˘–
Note the base (given in unmarked verse, to demonstrate possible variations), the nucleus (–˘˘–) and the tail (˘–).
• The world ‘glycolic’ is named for Glycon, the early Greek lyric poet
• The final syllable may be brevis in longo, where even a short finally syllable is counted a long
A common stanza in, for instance, Catullus, includes 3 glyolic verses and 1 Pherecratean verse
• a Pherecretean verse is a catalectic glycolic verse, that is: a glycolic verse whose tail is cut short ( xx –˘˘– –)
• the world catalectic (from the Greek καταλέγω, to set down), simply describes a verse with a shortened tail
• the verse form is named for Pharecrates of Old Attic Comedy
The Essential AG: 623-4
Famous Phrase: per caputque pedēsque [through head and feet] (Pherecratean –˘ –˘˘– – with b. in longo)
(i.e. head over heels) -Catullus 17.9
[n.b. this quote is actually a clipping of the line’s longer Priapean style (Priapean = glyconic + pherecratean), which I’ll discuss in the next post!] |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7640 | Miguel Máiquez
miguelmaiquez.com | Contactar
Journalist, Lattin Magazine editorial board member, and currently web editor at the Spanish newspaper 20 Minutos, where he also served as Chief Editor and continues to contribute in-depth analysis of mainly international current affairs. He started his career —more than 25 years working as a journalist, editor and writer— at La Opinión de Murcia, and has also worked, among other media, at the Canadian newspaper El Popular. He runs a blog about the Middle East, and another blog with fiction stories. He is also a translator and a Spanish language teacher. In Toronto since 2007, he colaborates as a media advisor with several organizations in the Latin American community. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7654 | Topic: Practice Russian cases with examples and audio
Level: beginner, intermediate
Volume #: 1
Number of episodes included: 15
Series: Practice Russian cases
Everyday Russian: Practice Russian cases
In the series of lessons “Russian cases” we take a random Russian word and show you its singular and plural forms in all cases. To reinforce the result, we also give you a few examples where this noun is used in different cases.
The offline package of “Practice Russian cases” includes 15 lessons. Each lesson is represented by:
• a high-quality MP3 file,
• PDF transcription for viewing on desktop,
• PDF transcription for viewing on mobile devices.
This package was put together to support the continuous development and maintenance of our network of free online Russian learning websites and we offer it at three levels of donations. If you appreciate our work and effort, please support us! It will be greatly appreciated.
From all our team, thank you!
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7659 | Legenda Drifters 2016 S01E05
Drifters (2016)
Shimazu Toyohisa, while involved at the Battle of Sekigahara, manages to mortally wound Ii Naomasa, but is critically wounded in the process. As he walks from the field wounded and bleeding, Toyohisa finds himself transported to a corridor of doors, where a bespectacled man at a desk waits for him. This man, Murasaki, sends Toyohisa into the nearest door where he wakes up in another world. There, Toyohisa meets other great warriors like him who have been transported as well, to be part of a group known as “Drifters”. This world contains both native humans and a number of fantastical races, including elves, dwarves, and hobbits. However, the world is at war, with the humans waging a losing war against another group of great warriors, the “Ends”, who wish to take over the world and kill all of the Drifters. Under the Ends’ command are many terrible creatures, including dragons, which they
Legenda ou release indisponível?
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7667 | The Freedom to Speak about Islam
I’ve been frustrated recently for having become curious about Islam. Specifically, I have questions which I would like for a Muslim person to answer, but I can’t find anybody discussing such questions. What I find are mostly one way monologues from opposing sides. (in the last week or so, thanks to Trump, US media like Fox news have taken up questioning Islam, but in a very biased manner. I’m looking for an honest, agenda-less discussion.)
My questions:
• The Quran urges Muslim believers to “fight until all religions are only for Allah.” Qur’an (8:39) Can we take this literally?
• Ideally, which ought to be obeyed? Sharia law, or laws of the land where you live?
• How Muslim is ISIS?
• How can I trust that you are not deceiving me in your answers (Taquiyya)?
I’ve searched on YouTube for decent debates or tutorials, but besides an agonizingly tamed debate between Roger Scruton and Imam Zaid Shakir, and a few debates between a Christian, David Wood, and various Imams, there’s simply not much out there.
Which reminds me of Innes Bowen who embarked on writing her book Medina in Birmingham, Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam, because she could hardly find any decent studies on Muslims living in Britain. (9/11 didn’t spark any such studies?)
I have a Muslim acquaintance who might be willing to answer these questions without taking offense, we’ll see. I’ll invite her to ask me about Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism and Shintoism if she wishes.
Which brings me to the main topic of this article: How can we discuss sensitive matters openly, without being deemed offensive, politically incorrect (culturally insensitive), or __phobic?
On being offensive
I did a quick Google search of “offensive to” in ‘news’. A few articles came up:
Robby Soave, The Daily Beast
Putnam calls Trump proposal ‘offensive to American values’
“Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam on Tuesday denounced a proposal by Republican presidential front-runner Donald Trump to prevent Muslims from entering the country (as being offensive to American values).”
It’s offensive to talk about reducing minimum wage:
“Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo state (Nigeria) says it is offensive for his fellow governors to entertain the thought of reducing workers’ minimum wage.”
We discussed this trend of people taking offense at a recent Libertarian Home meeting. A philosopher who was sitting next to me pointed out how it’s become a power word that often attracts a mob of sympathisers. Being ‘offended’ has much more clout than being ‘angry, ‘upset’; or ‘annoyed’.
Often, people who are offended play victim and bark at the offender like a Maoist bulldog. I’ve come across the term “cry bully” which seems befitting. A Yale student’s remark “I don’t want to debate, I just want you to hear my pain” sums it up.
You can’t have an open discussion with people who are likely offended by what you might say.
On being politically incorrect (and culturally insensitive)
A common theme in this thread of thinking is “cultural sensitivity”. Most often, Caucasian (to be precise, white, Christian, heterosexual men) are told to be sensitive to minority cultures (non-white cultures, women and LGBT). It doesn’t seem to matter if white men are at times numerically in the minority. The white man’s colonial ancestors have dominated the scene for so long, goes the cry, that it’s high time the minorities get paid proper attention. One can sense a strong animosity to white Christian male culture by the PC police.
So we get crazy news like Starbucks abandoning Christmas signs, a university banning yoga classes and schools banning Halloween costumes, all because it’s ‘culturally insensitive’, and politically incorrect.
On being __phobic
Islamaphobic, homophobic, racist, sexist, these are all very strong terms that get thrown at people for being ‘offensive’, ‘politically incorrect’ or ‘culturally insensitive’. Phobia is a mental illness. When a PC police tells you that you are __phobic, effectively what he/she is saying is “you are mentally ill, therefore your opinions are not valid.”
In all three cases, the accuser is saying “shut up, your opinion has no place in this peace-loving, fair and equal society.” They might as well be waving around a little red book.
What happens is people start to self-censor, and people like Trump become very popular for speaking out his mind and making space for honest debate, while he takes the blunt by a PC public, for things people want to say but feel they can’t.
Going back to my questions. I’m hoping my Muslim acquaintance won’t take offense to the questions I have of Islam. I really don’t want to offend her, but who knows what offends anybody? I want to come to a clearer understanding of Islam. It’s a big and hot topic. If we want to stop real racism, we have to be able to talk openly.
If we can more openly talk about sensitive issues without fearing judgement by a thought police, I bet we wouldn’t have gone into Syria so haphazardly, and maybe we can come up with a more peaceful solution to the problem of terrorism. We can do this not least by first clarifying what Islam is, and what it’s not.
1. Note that the Koran is self abrogating so it can contradict itself. If you want to know if a statement was contradicted/abrogated, find out if there are later revelations on the same subject within.
Forget trying to read beyond that verse, for the chapters are ordered in reducing chapter length, not revealed order (nice) so you would then have to find out which verses were revealed when and then see.
IIRC it is forbidden to publish a Koran in any other order.
2. One problem is that many Muslims say that the Koran (and the Hadiths) can only be understood in the original classical Arabic – so the various translations I have upstairs (although one of them is produced by the religious authorities in Saudi Arabia) are void and Paul Marks (and any other person who can not read classical Arabic) can not comment on the specific text of the Koran and the hadiths.
Although this also (logically) means that those silly people who try to prove that Islam is a religion of peace and tolerance by quoting (wildly out of context) the Koran in English should stop as well. For example no more “to murder a single person is to murder the whole world” and so on (the Koran is actually quoting from the Talmud in this verse and explicitly says that this is what God is saying to the “children of Israel” – the text verse in the Koran describes how Muslims should behave, i.e. kill-mutilate and so on).
So if we are not allowed to discuss the text of the Koran (unless we do so speaking classical Arabic) let us just turn to what mainstream Islam teaches.
Mainstream Islam (I will leave aside Shia Islam here – and I will also leave aside the Sufi tradition in Islam) is Determinist and Positivist.
What does this mean?
It means that mainstream Islam holds that everything that happens (including everything we do) is predetermined by God. Everything is the WILL of God.
A Determinist (religious or atheist) is really someone who is giving themselves the perfect excuse to turn on you at any moment.
“It is not may fault I stabbed (or raped – or whatever) you – I could not stop myself. It was all predetermined”.
If a Determinist (religious or atheist) is actually serious (a very big “if”) why is the logical response not to shoot them at once? After all they have basically told you they are going to turn on you (or your family) at some point. They have given themselves the perfect excuse.
Mainstream Islam is also Positivist in its teaching – what does mean?
It means that “good” is whatever God commands and “evil” is whatever God forbids – that “whore” (to use the word of the Determinist and Positivist Christian Martin Luther) reason can not judge the commands of God – anything that God commands is “good” BY DEFINITION and anything God forbids is “evil” BY DEFINITION. So, for example, if God says it is good to enslave infidels and rape them then it is good – BY DEFINITION.
Some Christians teach this Positivism (the idea that the moral law is just the arbitrary WILL of God) and it is sensiblel to hold that these particular Christians are evil. They are (again) giving themselves the perfect excuse to do terrible things – pretending they do not know these things are evil.
“It can not be evil – because GOD TOLD ME TO DO IT, so it must be GOOD”.
Some atheists are Positivists also – they just put “the state” in the place of God.
The ruler or rulers (King, Parliament or whatever) have ordered X – therefore X is the law (by definition) there is no higher moral law by which one can JUDGE THE STATE.
Just as with Christians who hold that there is no moral law (that can be found be humans) to judge the commands of God. It is sensible to assume that atheists who hold that no moral law exist that can be used to judge the state are evil. What they are saying is……
“! have to rob (rape, murder…..) you because the state told-me-to-do-it the commands of the state are the only law” that is the Legal Positivist position (of Thomas Hobbes and so on) and it is normally (although NOT always) based on Moral Positivism (that the commands of the State, or of God, are the only definition of moral right and moral wrong – what the state commands is good and what the state forbids is evil). Clearly it is sensible to conlude that such Moral and Legal Positivists (whether they support the arbitrary will of the State or of God) are evil – i.e are pushing evil doctrines (evil principles).
Now if a Christian or atheist Determinist and Positivist is evil (is pushing evil doctrines – evil Principles) – why would a mainstream Muslim also pushing Determinism and Positivism not be evil?
It is not “Islamophobic” to point out that Determinism (“nothing is my fault – , I never have a choice,,all the crimes I commit were predetermined at the start o fthe universe”) and Moral–Legal Positivism (“anything the big guy upstairs orders me to do is correct BY DEFINITION”) are evil. A Christian or an atheist who pushed the evil doctrines of Determinsm and Moral-Legal Positivism would be doing evil.
So IF (and I did say IF) mainstream Islam teaches the evil doctrines (evil principles) of Determinism and Moral-Legal Positivism. then mainstream Islam is e***
3. And just in case someone does not know……
P.C. and so on – Marxist source for all these tactics.
As for “I am offended” – I take that as a good sign.
If we are NOT offending such people (Marxists, ISIS Islamists terrorists – and so on) then we are doing something wrong.
If someone (Muslim or not Muslim) tells me that they are “offended” by me saying that Mohammed was wrong to support the murder to the old blind poet who mocked him, and then supporting the murder of the pregnant poetess who denounced the murder of the old blind poet, then I would answer as follows….
“Good – my intention is to offend people like you.”
Somehow I do not think I will be offered a post at Yale.
4. UKIP have put a bit of thought into the topic. I hope this gives a brief and interesting contribution.
“every immigrant makes us more American” (Reagan). The point is, come to America and subscribe to American values.
‘The English intelligentsia are an odd lot, they’d rather steal from a poor box than stand to God save the King’ – George Orwell.
The point here us that, in the UK, politics is based upon a psychological self-loathing*:
The UKIP cultural line, which sometimes pertains to Muslin elements, is:
(1) Immigrants should applaud, not condemn, British culture and law. For example, women and homosexuals in the UK should be valued as indistinct from anyone else.
(2) Multiculturalism represents the opposite of this.
On a personal level, as with anything about peoples, it is a bell curve of good/bad. Stefan Molyneux has a video with lots of data on, for example, how many Muslim’s hold the view that the world should become a Muslim state etc.
My personal instincts are that it is hard to form a view unless you have seen with your own eyes life parts of Ilford/Rotherham. I’d like to share with you the cold evidence of my eyes and ears, but shall not for fear of our thought-police targeting me for truth-crime.
1. Thanks for your comment Derek,
Personal experience, I want to hear from you. Me, example – my next door neighbour was a police officer, he said that a particular street in London (i forget where,,,) is run by Somali gangs and is a police no go zone. (The police has no power to do anything about it, because for example they are not allowed to chase anybody who is riding a motor cycle with no helmet. – lest they fall off and hurt themselves, whereby the police is forced to take the blame. So gangs just run round with no helmets.)
Another example, a Muslim man once saved my life in India, putting his own safety at risk. (He feared being seen with a foreign girl). He said he’s only doing this for Allah. I thank him for that.
It’s hard to have an open debate when one feels threatened. An influx of a foreign population is a threat to the local community. for example, how fiercely do the Indians guard their culture and say No to Macdonalds? We can also see how wrong it is for Western caucasians to migrate en masse to South Africa, and live without assimilating to the local culture. Why then is it suddenly racist to want to protect English culture from immigration?
5. Thanks for the comments Paul, and Merry Christmas to all xx.
Regarding Moral Positivism and Determinism,…
I completely agree that independent reasoning (questioning, doubting, grappling with what’s given, etc) is most important. Also, though, there are limits to our reasoning.
Truth (or God, or Love) is infinite. All we’re doing is counting. Like trying to measure the ocean with a ruler. We can count to ten or to ten million, but to get a glimpse of the Infinite, we must stop counting and witness what is without judgement or reason. Determinism and Positivism makes sense ONLY when one has reached the end of his questioning and reasoning. Otherwise, like you say, it’s used as an excuse to do whatever one pleases and that’s wrong. (By the way, the state is not infinite, it’s just a monster. So it’s always wrong to be deterministic or positivistic about it.)
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7721 | This Christmas is kind of a bummer for me.
The house is all decked out for the holidays more than it’s been in years, thanks to my daughter’s efforts. But a couple of incidents have occurred in in the past 24 hours that have really put both of us in terrible moods and darkened our holiday spirit with worry and sadness.
I don’t really want to talk about what happened, because it’s not really a huge issue (no one died or is deathly ill) and like all things, it will pass, but it’s ruining her Christmas so much she has been in tears for 24 hours. As a person that is much more empathic than I ever used to believe I was (I think some of my natural empathy got freed up through therapy and self analysis), her low mood is affecting my own emotional state in a very negative way. Any Christmas spirit I had feels like it’s gone.
I’m trying to make the best of it, going through the motions, and by tomorrow perhaps I will feel better and be able to enjoy Christmas day. Gift giving is always fun and I have prepared a wonderful lasagna (my own Christmas tradition) and have a delicious buttercream chocolate/peppermint cake for dessert.
Another issue is I have drifted away from my church and religion in general (long story) and although I want to attend Christmas morning mass tomorrow, I doubt I actually will.
I’ve been having a lot of doubts about Christianity. I blame much of this on the way Christianity has been poisoned and corrupted by American right wing evangelical/dominionist preachers, politicians, and megachurches. Like a person with a specific phobia of elevators whose phobia generalizes to include all enclosed places, my entire outlook on Christianity (even the good kind that actually follows Christ’s teachings) is becoming poisoned.
I know the cure for this is to resist my negative feelings and go to church anyway, but every week I say I will go and then I don’t. I can certainly understand why so many people these days are becoming atheists, especially younger people. American right wing Christianity is turning good people away from God completely. And why wouldn’t they? Sociopathic people in power have made a God in their own image: a merciless God that is sociopathic, cruel, punishing, impossible to please, narcissistic, and who takes sadistic pleasure in endlessly and cruelly punishing the hapless humans he demands worship from. I know that’s not what real Christianity is about, but the compassionate, Christlike Christians don’t seem numerous enough, and certainly aren’t loud enough. Instead of fighting back, they turn the other cheek.
I hope you all have a Merry Christmas, Happy Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, or Winter Solstice celebration. I hope you are happy this holiday no matter what you celebrate and aren’t bogged down by stress and worry.
Oh yeah. That reminds me. The Winter Solstice. The days are growing longer now, and that makes me very happy.
12 thoughts on “This Christmas is kind of a bummer for me.
1. I’m having a terribly sad Christmas as well. I won’t get into it because you are sad enough without having a stranger add to it; but know that my heart is with you.
I also understand what you’re going through with the GOP usurping Jesus himself. They’re giving all Christians a bad name. I’ve been having serious doubts too. I’m still praying though.
I have hardly ever commented on your blog; but I love it. Yours was one of the first I saw about narcs when I started trying to figure out was wrong with my loved (?) ones.
Keep your chin up and I will too.
Thank you for your dedication to service; and Merry Christmas (I know, bah Humbug).
Lynn in Wisconsin, missing my son in Asheville
Liked by 2 people
• Lynn, I am so happy you love my blog and it’s helped you.
It’s hard to be so far away from your son….mine lives in Tampa and it’s very hard to go months at a time without seeing him.
I’m glad you’re commenting now, better late than never. And yes, the fake Christian nutjobs are doing the same thing to Christianity as ISIS and the Taliban did to Islam. Politics and religion should NEVER mix: it corrupts both, and leads to fascism and violations of human rights and even crimes against humanity. it always does. Our founding fathers were wise to make sure church and state were kept separate. Mixing them has never come to any good, any time in history, ever. And never will.
Liked by 1 person
2. I am sorry you guys are feeling down but I truly hope you have a Merry Christmas after all. I know what you mean about church as well. I haven’t set foot in church since 2016. My eyes are opened to all of the hypocrites, fear mongerers and racists. It doesn’t sit right with me that they get to be self-righteous without taking the plank of out their own eye. And I am or more like a lapsed Catholic. But I have no urge to step into church. I have to worship God on my own terms now.
Liked by 1 person
3. You arn ‘t the only one with a. crappy Christmas. I had been feeling.very ill around the holidays. So here in a hospital for Christmas Eve having been diagnosed with diabetes. I had it before and cured it with a vegan diet. Now it’s back thanks to the SAD life here.
Liked by 1 person
• Oh, no! I am so sorry to hear your news. Diabetes is no joke. Will you be taking insulin?
Sending my prayers, and hope you feel better soon. Try to have a nice Christmas anyway.
4. Dear Lucky and Friends, political churchians make me want to vomit. Seems like every campaign time, politicians sport a (KJV) Bible, then shortly after getting into office … guess that Bible gets returned to the local library. i don’t trust a one of them, and i only vote, because if i don’t, i’ll get a lecture from a certain family member, who was in the war.
Liked by 1 person
Comments are closed. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7729 |
Burna Bandz
"Back Against The Wall"
Long Live WhyS
I'm really in the street
I play for keeps, n*gga, you don't wanna play wit' me
You get caught up better not tell the police what you seen
You know I'm Burna Bandz, she say I got you on repeat
And she like the way I'm icey when I'm so clean
She be on that gang sh*t, I got her throwin' 3s
She don't f*ck wit' lame n*ggas, she just drip Celine
I took that lil' b*tch to the crib, I turned her to a freak
I got this XD on my hip and it ain't nothin' sweet
You get hit the wrong way and it's R.I.P
Man these n*ggas they ain't real, I call it how I see
Charge my losses to the streets 'cause there ain't sh*t free
I was trappin' hard I had no time to party on the weekend
24 hours in that bando I ain't get no sleep in
And free my cronem crushin' time, yeah they doin' seasons
I dirtied up my Mountain Dew I'm runnin' on leanin'
Don't trust that b*tch, she real pretty but her looks decievin'
These n*ggas snakes, they undercover, you know how it go
I pop a perc and get big high, you know how it go
She f*ck wit' me but how I know that she gon' ride fo'sho
I'm wit' some killers and I know that they gon' ride fo'sho
We brought the tools and you know that they are not for show
n*gga better play your cards right just like High or Low
And I ain't runnin' from no n*gga, you ain't Five-O
That n*gga f*cked up like a typo
We run 'em down and get him shots just like it's lipo
And I keep Why S in the cut 'cause cronem psycho
And plug send a brick sh*t look albino
Play a n*gga like Tidal
Still f*ck my rivals
And made it this far
Started from a half a ball
Do a drill and we drift off
We don't leave no trace at all
You ain't get no cake at all
And n*gga, that's your fault
I had to go get mine
Back against the wall
I had to go get mine
Back against the wall
I ain't get no call
But I was on my grind
Late night, run that sh*t up
This 45 gon' cut his bread like a []
This 45 gon' take his soul just like a stick up
And she ain't want me back then 'til I got my kick up
Got family countin' on me, can't afford a slip up
Don't walk up on me that's how you get your sh*t bust
Copyright © 2017-2019 Lyrics.lol |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7738 | Showing all 8 results
LVT stands for luxury vinyl tile and LVP stands for luxury vinyl plank. The only difference is one looks like ceramic tile or natural stone and the other looks like hardwood. Both are luxury vinyl selections with realistic natural colors and surface textures. Some styles are even designed to be installed with grout.
Availability varies by store. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7746 | I have a tablerates.csv containing my postcodes range along with weight and price.
For ex: weight = 1 then price = 10 weight = 2 then price = 15
The above is working for me, but I have a requirement where I need to set Free Shipping for products with weight 0.
weight = 0 then price = 0
I have added the code in csv for the same, but its not reflecting somehow.
Pls help.
It seems that Magento doesn't provide natively this option. To achieve this, you can define a new product attribute and add it for those products whose weight is 0. Then go to "Promotions -> Shopping Cart Price Rules" and you can define a new rule of free shipping for matching items only (i.e. those with the new attribute). In the following link this idea is explained step by step:
Your Answer
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7758 | OpenBSD manual page server
Manual Page Search Parameters
YP_BIND(3) Library Functions Manual YP_BIND(3)
yp_all, yp_bind, yp_first, yp_get_default_domain, yp_maplist, yp_master, yp_match, yp_next, yp_order, yp_unbind, yperr_string, ypprot_errInterface to the YP subsystem
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <rpc/rpc.h>
#include <rpcsvc/ypclnt.h>
#include <rpcsvc/yp_prot.h>
yp_bind(char *dom);
yp_get_default_domain(char **domp);
yp_maplist(char *indomain, struct ypmaplist **outmaplist);
yp_match(char *indomain, char *inmap, const char *inkey, int inkeylen, char **outval, int *outvallen);
yp_order(char *indomain, char *inmap, char *outorder);
yp_unbind(char *dom);
char *
yperr_string(int incode);
ypprot_err(unsigned int incode);
This function suite provides an interface to the YP subsystem. For a general description of the YP subsystem, see yp(8).
For all functions, input values begin with ‘in’ and output values begin with ‘out’. Any output values of type char ** should be the addresses of uninitialized character pointers. Only if a call succeeds will memory be allocated by the YP client routines using malloc(). This memory can later be freed by the user if there is no additional need for the data stored there. For outkey and outval, two extra bytes of memory are allocated for a ‘\n’ and ‘\0’, which are not reflected in the values of outkeylen or outvallen. All occurrences of indomain and inmap must be non-null, NUL-terminated strings. All input strings which also have a corresponding length parameter cannot be null unless the corresponding length value is zero. Such strings need not be NUL-terminated.
All YP lookup calls (the functions yp_all(), yp_first(), yp_master(), yp_match(), yp_next(), yp_order()) require a YP domain name and a YP map name. The default domain name may be obtained by calling yp_get_default_domain(), and should thus be used before all other YP calls in a client program. The value it places outdomain is suitable for use as the indomain parameter to all subsequent YP calls.
In order for YP lookup calls to succeed, the client process must be bound to a YP server process. The client process need not explicitly bind to the server, as it happens automatically whenever a lookup occurs. The function yp_bind() is provided for a backup strategy, e.g., a local file, when a YP server process is not available. Each binding uses one socket descriptor on the client process, which may be explicitly freed using yp_unbind(), which frees all per-process and per-node resources to bind the domain and marks the domain unbound.
If, during a YP lookup, an RPC failure occurs, the domain used in the lookup is automatically marked unbound and the layer retries the lookup as long as ypbind(8) is running and either the client process cannot bind to a server for the domain specified in the lookup, or RPC requests to the YP server process fail. If an error is not RPC-related, one of the YP error codes described below is returned and control given back to the user code.
The suite provides the following functionality:
Provides the value associated with the given key.
Provides the first key-value pair from the given map in the named domain.
Provides the next key-value pair in the given map. To obtain the second pair, the inkey value should be the outkey value provided by the initial call to yp_first(). In the general case, the next key-value pair may be obtained by using the outkey value from the previous call to yp_next() as the value for inkey.
Of course, the notions of “first” and “next” are particular to the type of YP map being accessed, and thus there is no guarantee of lexical order. The only guarantees provided with yp_first() and yp_next(), providing that the same map on the same server is polled repeatedly until yp_next() returns YPERR_NOMORE, are that all key-value pairs in that map will be accessed exactly once, and if the entire procedure is repeated, the order will be the same.
If the server is heavily loaded or the server fails for some reason, the domain being used may become unbound. If this happens, and the client process re-binds, the retrieval rules will break: some entries may be seen twice, and others not at all. For this reason, the function yp_all() provides a better solution for reading all of the entries in a particular map.
This function provides a way to transfer an entire map from the server to the client process with a single request. This transfer method uses TCP, unlike all other functions which use UDP. The entire transaction occurs in a single RPC request-response. The third argument to this function provides a way to supply the name of a function to process each key-value pair in the map. yp_all() returns after the entire transaction is complete, or the foreach() function decides that it does not want any more key-value pairs. The third argument to yp_all() is:
struct ypall_callback *incallback {
int (*foreach)();
char *data;
The char *data argument is an opaque pointer for use by the callback function. The foreach() function should return non-zero when it no longer wishes to process key-value pairs, at which time yp_all() returns a value of 0, and is called with the following arguments:
int foreach (
unsigned long instatus,
char *inkey,
int inkeylen,
char *inval,
int invallen,
char *indata
Holds one of the return status values described in <rpcsvc/yp_prot.h>: see ypprot_err() below for a function that will translate YP protocol errors into a error code as described in <rpcsvc/ypclnt.h>.
inkey, inval
The key and value arguments are somewhat different here than described above. In this case, the memory pointed to by inkey and inval is private to yp_all(), and is overwritten with each subsequent key-value pair; therefore, the foreach() function should do something useful with the contents of that memory during each iteration. If the key-value pairs are not terminated with either ‘\n’ or ‘\0’ in the map, then they will not be terminated as such when given to the foreach() function, either.
This is the contents of the incallback->data element of the callback structure. It is provided as a means to share state between the foreach() function and the user code. Its use is completely optional: cast it to something useful or simply ignore it.
Returns the order number for a map.
Returns the hostname for the machine on which the master YP server process for a map is running.
Returns a singly-linked list of the names of all the maps available in the named domain. The second argument to yp_maplist() is:
struct ypmaplist {
char *map;
struct ypmaplist *next;
Returns a pointer to a NUL-terminated error string that does not contain a ‘.’ or ‘\n’.
Converts a YP protocol error code to a error code suitable for yperr_string().
All functions which are of type int return 0 upon success or one of the following error codes upon failure:
The passed arguments to the function are invalid.
The YP map that was polled is defective.
Client process cannot bind to server on this YP domain.
The key passed does not exist.
There is no such map in the server's domain.
The local YP domain is not set.
There are no more records in the queried map.
Cannot communicate with portmap.
A resource allocation failure occurred.
An RPC failure has occurred. The domain has been marked unbound.
Client/server version mismatch. If the server is running version 1 of the YP protocol, yp_all() functionality does not exist.
Cannot communicate with ypbind(8).
An internal server or client error has occurred.
The client cannot communicate with the YP server process.
malloc(3), yp(8), ypbind(8), ypserv(8)
Theo de Raadt
August 30, 2019 OpenBSD-current |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7759 | Thank you
• I just wanted to say thank you
• My world is a brighter place
• And I would like to think that
• I’m a better person because of you
• Still silly little fights do get between you and me
• No matter whose fault
• We know we care
• You smile, I smile
• You cry, I cry
• God sent me an angel when He sent me you
• You mean the world to me
• You have listened to my sorrows
• And been part of my joys
• Thank you is but not enough to say what I want to
Deepak Bisht, XII Sc |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7761 | Tag Archives: Christianity
Orthodox Mindfulness
In a culture that seems so set on searching alternative spiritual traditions for meaning and insight, I think we have largely forgotten the richness of orthodox Christianity. Perhaps this is due to over-familiarity with Christian practices: they have committed the … Continue reading
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7772 | The Potter’s Clay
“My life is in you Lord, my strength is in you Lord, my hope is in you Lord.” These song lyrics really became what I witnessed in India. I went on my first overseas mission in summer of 2016. My team and I went to the district of Rampur in the state of Uttar Pradesh. I had been anticipating my India mission trip about a year before. As I prepared for my India mission trip, I made sure to thoroughly memorize the gospel track and bible verses as we were assigned weeks in advance. I became impressed at myself for how quickly I memorized everything word by word. On the first day in the mission field, it was my turn to share the gospel so with all the confidence in myself I began to share. During the gospel presentation, I forgot one verse and I had a booklet I was going to use for the children but I only held it and completely forgot to use it. As I made the call to accept Jesus, around 12 people accepted Jesus. But I wasn’t rejoicing over that, I was instead thinking about how disappointed God must be that I forgot that one verse and was unfocused. Throughout that day I had that internal struggle with myself and as I shared with my team I felt so much love and support and encouragement. And in my private moment with God as I prayed He just spoke to me and said, “Marifer, you gained 12 souls for my kingdom, if there’s anything you’ve done right in your life it’s this.” And at the same time my teammate Claire had a worship song playing and the lyrics said “you tell me that You’re pleased with me,” and that’s where God really broke me. I felt so much love and encouragement in His presence. Despite my mistakes and flaws, God still is able to use me and it’s really nothing of myself but all by His grace and mercy. The next day I decided to surrender my pride in my memorization. It was hard and I really didn’t know how to exactly do something like that. But as I was assigned to present the gospel, it began to rain. There was a porch with a rooftop so we decided to gather everyone there. It was God’s divine appointment because more people came to shelter themselves from the rain. As I started to share the gospel, I really began to fall in love with it. I gained so much assurance and confidence in who God was and the words flowed and God began to stir in my heart. Many people in that village accepted and after the gospel presentation, the rain completely stopped. I was able to see God’s perfect faithfulness. On the third day, I got attacked by mosquitos, and my ankle had a reaction and started swelling. This was also the day we went to the highest village. By the time we got to the top, I felt so weak and to the point of passing out and I had left my water bottle in the car. As we arrived however, I was so blessed by a man in this village who was lame and mute. He was so eager to see us and hear our message. When he heard us he came walking on his hands to the very front of where the people gathered. When we sang an action song, he was the only person who clapped for us. He accepted Jesus into his life and his first words were “Yeshu, Halleluya,” and “Amen.” I was so blessed by his heart but at the same time I felt short of breath and very weak. I was hoping we’d just go back down so I could rest but Pastor Negi said there was a school a few steps up that we should share the gospel too. My team knew I had a heart for children so I was afraid I would get chosen to share the gospel because I had no ounce of energy left in me. I figured since Claire knew I wasn’t feeling well she wouldn’t call on me to do the gospel presentation so I only had to smile and make it through. As we started with action songs and body worship, I felt a rush of energy rush right through me. We sang, “my God is great, so strong and so mighty, there’s nothing my God cannot do.” And as I sang that song, God revealed exactly that to me. As long as I obey, even my fragile health can’t get in the way of His plans. After the song was over, the energy just left. Then Claire introduced me to share the gospel. In my mind I prayed, “Lord please give me strength.” I remembered to grab the children’s booklet and again God gave me a rush of energy. Every word I was able to say with complete assurance as I witnessed God working in me in that moment. As I made the call to accept Jesus, 26 people accepted. Because God has given me a heart for children, I was so focused on evangelizing to them. Later, my team told me that all the teachers and even other villagers had also accepted Jesus. God revealed to me in this moment that He has a much bigger picture for me than I do. I am so limited, but God’s grace and sovereignty is limitless. When I choose to obey, He works in even the areas that I overlook. After the gospel presentation was over, my fatigue and ankle pain came back. As I asked God why He couldn’t heal me like He was doing with the villagers we prayed over, He just spoke to my heart and asked me how much I was willing to sacrifice for His will. It’s easy to praise and smile when there’s no pain, but the molding happens when I choose to worship and obey despite the pain. Through this missions trip God just really molded my heart and is continuing to do so. God was so present in this missions trip and I’m so thankful for my team that loved on me with a love that’s only God’s. The Lord knew I needed this amazing team and I’m forever thankful for each and every one of them. God willing, I’ll be going back to India next year. All glory to God. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7775 | Wolfgang Lengfelder
Lara, WHMCS Admin Theme
May 10, 2017 at 06:05:06 PM
Fast Support. Problem with Paypal via Email solved. Great. Thanks a lot.
Regards Wolfgang
Amr Ibrahim @aIbrahim
May 10, 2017 at 10:30:48 PM
Wolfgang, It seems that PayPal IPN reported a wrong payment amount, probably due to currency conversion, which caused your order to fail. I've corrected the issue and sent you the download links .. Enjoy!
Owner@WHMCS Admin Theme
• 2 years ago
• Version Number 7.1.0
• Edited |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7789 | Get a website project quote
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7790 | Cheri Jacobus: Trump & Don McGahn Tried To Get Me To Sign NDA To Silence Me
Cheri Jacobus
Cheri Jacobus was one of the early targets of Trump and his allies: Smeared, catfished, hacked, threatened, blacklisted.
As one of the first victims of Donald Trump's thuggery during the election, and the first person to experience the influence he has on his media friends who control what the public is fed, I am no longer surprised or the least bit fazed by the sleaziness of all things Trump.
It's clear to me that Trump team had the ability to have my email hacked. It's clear to me that they then tried to launder information from my hacked emails through other sources so that they could use it against me. Importantly, it's clear that if this is what Trump and his team of thugs could do to me -- have me hacked, launder the info, and then try to use it against me without having their paw prints on it - they certainly are capable of doing it to Hillary, the DNC and others.
I believe that not only did Trump know WikiLeaks had the hacked emails of his political "enemies", but that it's likely Trump and his associates arranged in advance to have the emails hacked, or at the very least were involved in the planning and coordination of the hackings -- just as in the hacking of my email.
In May of 2015 I received a request from a long-time professional acquaintance to consider being Donald Trump's campaign communications director. The friend had informed me he was soon heading over to work on the Trump SuperPAC and was, at that time, working for the Trump presidential exploratory committee.
Knowing little about Trump other than his reputation as a cartoonish buffoon, I politely dodged answering the request by suggesting my friend and I sit down and talk about it, and agreed to meet him for lunch the next day, as a courtesy. (As a consultant for many years, I routinely meet with people, and certainly did not want to burn any bridges with political operatives, donors, or potential sources for future business.)
He brought along a guy named Corey Lewandowski, who I'd never heard of. He was to be the Trump campaign manager after the campaign official launch.
Lewandowski told me all about the Trump superPAC. In my presence a few weeks later he even asked someone at the Trump HQ if the superPAC papers had been filed.
As they courted me and asked me for a second meeting (which I stalled for 3 weeks) I then witnessed a Lewandowski temper tantrum and let my friend know that while I appreciated him thinking of me for this, I did not appreciate Lewandowski's "hazing". I wished him good luck working on the superPAC and told him I hoped he would have fun in his new role. He left the campaign shortly thereafter, but did not work on the superPAC.
Despite being turned off by Trump and Lewandowski, I defended Trump on TV, giving him the benefit of the doubt, just as I did Jeb, Carly Fiorina, Ben Carson and the other GOP primary candidates.
My first public criticism of Trump came when he maliciously smeared Senator John McCain's POW status, indicating that he preferred "people who don't get caught." For me and millions of others who spoke out on this, it was a bridge too far and was evidence Trump was not fit to be the nominee, let alone president.
Months later in October, The Washington Post published a report that Trump had a superPAC even though he'd been claiming he had none, slammed others for having them, and lied to voters as he told them he was self-funding and therefore beholden to no one. Lewandowski and Trump denied it all. Lewandowski hung up the phone on the reporter after threatening to sue the paper. But Trump had attended two fundraisers for the superPAC -- including one at Jared Kushner's parents' home -- with Jared's mother seeding the superPAC with $100,000 and Trump casino owner pal Phil Ruffin giving it $1 million.
I tweeted several enumerated tweets confirming The Washington Post report, confirming Lewandowski was lying and that he'd told me all about the superPAC.
The Washington Post then mentioned this to Lewandowski, where he then confirmed that he'd had meetings with me (at Team Trump’s request, not mine). After initially claiming he did not know Mike Ciletti, the guy running the superPAC, Lewandowski was then forced to admit that in fact he knew him -- and knew him well, as they had worked together previously. Ciletti had also been seen at Trump Tower for meetings in the weeks leading up to the official campaign announcement. (Ciletti is a Colorado GOP operative and long-time Lewandowski pal.) The Washington Post ran a follow-up piece.
The super PAC was ostensibly shuttered in order to kill the story, but the FEC refused to allow it to close until some mysterious bookkeeping was accounted for. As it turns out, according to The Daily Beast, The Strange Case of the Original Trump Super PAC in late 2016 the PAC ”refunded $50,000 to one of its donors, Florida real-estate developer Michael Dezertzov (who also goes by Michael Dezer). Dezertzov has partnered with Trump on a number of high-profile real-estate projects, and made bank selling Trump condos to, among others, wealthy Russian buyers.”
I confirmed The Washington Post’s report was correct and that Lewandowski and Trump were lying. I was immediately canceled on by FOX News where I'd been a regular for many years (and nine times after that until the invitations stopped altogether other than one rear-end covering appearance months later.) The odd catfishing of me (as later reported by POLITICO) began that day. Months later when I brought up the super PAC on CNN, Trump defamed me in tweets, as did Lewandowski on TV, and after many years and 180 appearances, I was suddenly banned from CNN.
Since I could prove Trump lied about me and caused me damage, my lawyer sent him a cease and desist letter. Trump's response was to defame me again in a tweet, claiming I'd "begged" him for a job -- twice -- and was turned down, and that was the reason I was going after him. In fact, I show communication proving that Team Trump approached me, asked to meet with me, and asked for a second meeting, and my stated distaste for Lewandowski after witnessing his meltdown. And, I’d defended Trump well after my Trump Tower meetings and telling them thanks but no thanks, again proving Trump was lying about me.
Don McGahn, a former commissioner for the Federal Election Commission (FEC) was Trump's campaign counsel and later chief White House Counsel. Upon receipt of the cease and desist letter, he contacted my then lawyer and wanted to know how they could "dial this back" to avoid a lawsuit by me. My lawyer said we wanted the defamatory tweets by Trump taken down immediately, and an apology.
Trump agreed he would delete the defamatory tweets about me. HOWEVER, I would be required to sign an NDA (non-disclosure agreement) whereby I would be prohibited from publicly discussing anything about my meetings at Trump Tower where I was told all about that Make America Great Again Super PAC by Lewandowski.
McGhan drafted the NDA which interestingly, along with my silence, was to last only until just after the election -- an indication that Trump and his team obviously were confident they would never win. But negotiations took more time than I was comfortable with, and the damage was done. CNN had banned me and would not talk to me despite the fact I could prove to them that Trump had blatantly lied about me. I later realized that Jeff Zucker clearly knew good and damned well Trump lied about me, but was doing his ratings gold old pal from their "The Apprentice" show a favor as a way to continue their long-time mutually beneficial relationship. I also later got confirmation from a CNN employee that indeed, the order to ban me came from the top.
At that time, I'd also just discovered that the person pretending to represent GOP donors opposing Trump who wished to hire me was a fraud -- the catfisher -- and it was clear to me it was Trump team doing it.
I shut down all discussions and negotiations on NDA language with McGahn. I refused to enter into any legal agreement that gave Trump any power over what I said or wrote. Since it was apparent there was a lot more going on to target me including the catfishing and a growing, daily twitter assault and abuse by Trump neo-nazis, white nationalists, Breitbart News, and a slew of other disturbed and disturbing alt right Trump lackeys, I knew that whatever was going on, this was much more than “just politics as usual” or "counter punching" and something much more sinister was going on as reported in The New York Times.
Word got back to me that McGahn was extremely upset (“We thought we had a deal!!!”) and that Team Trump was quite nervous.
As well, the night we realized the catfishers (and assuming it was Trump people) likely learned I was onto them, I was told by a now Trump supporter (a D-lister) who was not supporting him then, and who was friends with Roger Stone, Michael Cohen, and other Trump associates, that we needed to get a police squad car in front of my brownstone asap, that now that it seemed likely Trump’s people knew that I was onto the catfishing scheme, I was not safe, and that Trump had "guys in Queens" who could very well be on their way over to cause me harm. (The police precinct station in my former Upper West Side neighborhood can confirm my call that night.) After 30 years in politics where things could get pretty rough, this was far over the threshold of anything I'd ever been involved in.
It was chilling. I couldn't breathe.
I soon filed a lawsuit. Trump became the nominee. The POLITICO piece was just about to come out on how I was catfished, and just as the reporter was calling around to Team Trump to let them know the big piece was about to hit -- my email was hacked. (This was when the universe of people who knew the piece was happening expanded from POLITICO and me to then include Trump team, but NOT the public.)
The FBI launched an investigation. (Preet Bahara's office had already been dealing with the catfishing case, and then helped get the FBI involved.) Over the course of the next year, two more data points occurred that indicated people associated with Trump were in possession of personal information about me that seemed to have been garnered from my hacked email. In one instance, they were trying to confirm something through another avenue that they thought would help Trump in court, but knew they could not bring up on their own, thus exposing themselves as having access to my hacked emails. They were wrong about the information being damaging in any way, but since access to my personal communications ended in late August of 2016, they would not have known anything further after that point, since I changed my email account.
In another instance, a member of the Trump team who had appeared before the grand jury and Congress appeared to be trafficking in information he erroneously thought was damning, but obviously came from my hacked email. He was wrong. The FBI was very interested in this, as it appeared to be a direct link between my hacked emails and people close to Trump. (It seemed to me that the guy using the info was given the information from another Trump associate who knew where it came from, but did not tell him it's origin.)
As these new developments took place, the FBI (SDNY) increased their contact with me, and then said they needed to meet with me. While I had a good idea what they had found based on their 3 1/2 hour meeting with me, I was not made privy to it at that time, nor in the subsequent contact with them. Last fall they informed me that this had gone beyond their initial investigation of mere computer intrusion (this particular division dealt with cyber crimes) and they were passing the information to the Special Counsel's office. They told me they did not know if the Special Counsel's office would be contacting me or not, that it was entirely up to them.
Through all of this, I didn’t back down. I had no idea what Trump thugs were going to do to me next. At that time I knew I was up against some serious evil. Since that time, we’ve all come to learn just how bad Trump is. I suspect there is much, much more to come that shows how he has harmed our country. And that terrifies me.
Comments (1)
No. 1-1
I don’t doubt a word of your story. These dirtbags are orders of magnitude worse than anyone thinks. The country has been taken over by a wide-ranging criminal conspiracy. Will there be justice? I doubt it. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7798 | ACE Inhibitors
Ace inhibitors and angio receptor blockers, or ARBs, are medications that relax your blood vessels and help put less stress on your heart. They can be used to help high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, or after you’ve had a heart attack.
Common side effects might be coughing, headaches, tiredness, loss of taste, a rash, or itching. A full list of side effects can be found in the instructions that come with your medication.
When using ace inhibitors, you should call your doctor if your face, feet, or hands swell, if you notice that your heart isn’t beating at a steady rate, or if you get dizzy
Some tips for taking these medications are:
• Change positions slowly to keep from getting lightheaded.
• Don’t skip doses when taking these medications.
• Don’t drive or use machinery until you know how your body handles these medications.
Remember, the goal is to get you well, and these medications can help with that. But if you have any questions or are worried about any of the side effects, please talk with your care team. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7816 | SMU vs TCU Live Stream, Predictions, Preview, TV Channel
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DateFriday, 20 September
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7834 | Monday Mindfulness
Cultivating Strength, Joy, Peace & Resilience
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All That I See
All that I see BW
How quick I am to judge, to impose my needs and perspective on others.
I see what I label as short-comings, inadequacies, and things I want to change in them.
Oh, life is such a magnificent mirror.
When I look to change others, I am seeing in that mirror all that I wish to change in me.
But I forget that what I see is simply a reflection.
Perhaps instead of looking at what needs to change, I can see all the beauty that lies within them and in me, all the gifts, all the talents, all the goodness, just as they are.
If all I see in that mirror is the goodness, then that is all that there will be. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7860 | Top Groups
Hi y'all!
I uploaded a scherzo for solo violin , check it out:
It's really horrendous !
Hope you enjoy!
THAN WELCOME~
Writing a Scherzo for String Quartet, which minor key to use?
So I am writing a Scherzo in the key of Eb major for a String Quartet. And the question came to mind of what minor key to use for the Trio section. I'm pretty certain that I want to do a shift from major to minor, since most Scherzi have either a shift from major to minor or vice versa as you get into the Trio section. But the question is what minor key to use for the Trio? I see these as my options:
• Eb minor - Parallel minor(notating it as D# minor would make it slightly easier for strings, right?
• C minor - Relative minor
• G minor - Mediant minor(which I generally consider to be distantly related but not as distantly related as say C major and Bb major)
• Circle of fifths motion - These would include Bb minor(the minor dominant) and Ab minor(which for strings should probably be notated as G# minor), F minor could probably be included here too(ii of Eb)
I'm thinking that maybe I should use C minor as my minor key, since that keeps both the close relation and the ease to play, while easily adding some dramatic contrast(especially when combining this with a time signature switch, as I will be doing in my Scherzo in Eb, where the Eb major Scherzo and Coda are in 2/4 and the Trio is in 6/8). But, I don't know for sure. So, I was thinking that maybe I should ask the people in this group which minor key they would prefer to have come after Eb major in the Trio section of a Scherzo.
For some added context, several times in the Eb major Scherzo section, I tonicize Bb briefly before going back to Eb major
So would you prefer that I use the key of Eb minor since the majority of Scherzi have this parallel key switch? Or would you prefer that I use C minor because it is easy to play? Or would you prefer that I move to the Mediant minor of G minor because it kind of reminds you of the Bb major that has previously appeared in the Scherzo? Or would you prefer that I move by Circle of Fifths to a different key?
Hi y'all!
Her is the link to check it out:
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global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7886 | 100 words essay on my best friend xp
But it is only to the more reflective mood of humour, to which comedy, as we shall see, does not appeal, that this coexistence of the quality and its defects, fully discloses itself. Mrs. But at the critical moment he loses his nerve. By the end of the sixth month the little tormentor had grown aware of her power, and “became most eager to pull, with laughter and exultant clamour, at the nose, ear, and especially the hair, of any one that held her”. One thing I think is certain; that until he crossed the Mississippi he at no time was outside the limits of the wide spread Chahta-Muskokee tribes. If any one wishes to see me quite calm, they may cheat me in a bargain, or tread upon my toes; but a truth repelled, a sophism repeated, totally disconcerts me, and I lose all patience. Fame, at that romantic period, is the first thing in our mouths, and death the last in our thoughts. This, accordingly, was begun by Purbach, and carried on by Regiomontanus, the disciple, the continuator, and the **perfecter of the system of Purbach; and one, whose untimely death, amidst innumerable projects for the recovery of old, and the invention and advancement of new sciences, is, even at this day, to be regretted. A good many libraries take no inventory or take it at too infrequent intervals, because they have no time. Even in the correspondent parts of the same object, we frequently require no more than a resemblance in the general outline. Tides are greatest in any given line of coast, in narrow bays and estuaries; and are 100 words essay on my best friend xp least in the intervening tracts where the land is prominent. I do not know that any light would be thrown upon the argument by entering into a particular analysis of the faculty of imagination; nor shall I pretend to determine at what time this faculty acquires sufficient strength to enable the child to take a distinct interest in the feelings of others. If any one who still doubts of this will give me a satisfactory reason why he denies the same consciousness to different minds, or thinks it necessary to circumscribe this principle within the limits of the same brain but upon the supposition that one brain is one power, in some sort modifying and reacting upon all the ideas contained in it, I shall then be ready to give up my dull, cloudy, English mysticism for the clear sky of French metaphysics. Being questioned as to the reason, he remarked: “I am not at all astonished that it should flow out, but I do wonder how you ever got it in”. S. What has been named the “everlasting barren simper” does not really amount to this. With just as little reason, it seems to me, has it been argued that the native Americans as a race are Mongoloid.[45] An acute philosophical writer has stated that the superficial observer is apt to be impressed with the similarities of objects; while the profounder student finds his attention more profitably attracted to their differences. It recals the same feelings and associations which I had in first reading it, and which I can never have again in any other way. Prominent features in their tales and chants are the flashing, variegated aurora, whose shooting streamers they fable to be the souls of departed heroes; the milky way, gleaming in the still Arctic night, which they regard as the bridge by which the souls of the good and brave mount to the place of joy; the vast, glittering, soundless snowfields; and the mighty, crashing glacier, splintering from his shoreward cliffs the ice mountains which float down to the great ocean. e._ the dead) disappear,” the Hades, the Invisible Realm, which was supposed to be under the ground. He is independent in his circumstances, and is used to enter into society on equal terms; he is taught the modes of address and forms of courtesy, most commonly practised and most proper to ingratiate him into the good opinion of those he associates with; and he is relieved from the necessity of following any of those laborious trades or callings which cramp, strain, and distort the human frame. Similar practices were familiar to the Norsemen. We also know that the general trend of migration in the northern continent has been from north to south, and that this is true not only of the more savage tribes, as the Algonkins, Iroquois, and Athapascas, but also of those who, in the favored southern lands, approached a form of civilization, the Aztecs, the Mayas, and the Quiches. In Southern Germany this delay was for nobles from four to six weeks, and for others a fortnight, and during this period any assault by one on the other was a capital offence.[550] They were required to give security for their due appearance at the appointed time, various fines and punishments being inflicted on defaulters. Parson Adams, drinking his ale in Sir Thomas Booby’s kitchen, makes no very respectable figure; but Sir Thomas himself was right worshipful, and his widow a person of honour!—A few such historiographers as Fielding would put an end to the farce of respectability, with several others like it. The Stoics in general seem to have admitted that there might be a degree of proficiency in those who had not advanced to perfect virtue and happiness. The head of Hunhun-Ahpu was cut off and suspended on a tree. I conceive, therefore, that this perseverance of the imagination in a fruitless track must have been owing to mortified pride, to an intense desire and hope of good in the abstract, more than to love, which I consider as an individual and involuntary passion, and which therefore, when it is strong, must predominate over the fancy in sleep. The designation of time and manner, that is, the tense and mode signs, will include both the object and subject of the verb, thus subordinating them to the notion of action. What she says leaves a flavour, like fine green tea. Other forces lying equally deep may not improbably co-operate. One would not wish to be torn in pieces instead of making a comfortable meal, ‘to be supped upon’ where we thought of supping. Mere awkwardness or rusticity of behaviour may arise, either from want of presence of mind in the company of our _betters_, (the commonest hind goes about his regular business without any of the _mauvaise honte_,) from a deficiency of breeding, as it is called, in not having been taught certain fashionable accomplishments—or from unremitting application to certain sorts of mechanical labour, unfitting the body for general or indifferent uses. A man of ideas needs ideas, or pseudo-ideas, to fight against. Verbs must necessarily have been coeval with the very first attempts towards the formation of language. Footnote 39: ‘I know at this time a person of vast estate, who is the immediate descendant of a fine gentleman, but the great-grandson of a broker, in whom his ancestor is now revived. It is not easy to make out even the terms of the question, so completely are they overlaid and involved one in the other, and that, as it should seem, purposely, or from a habit of confounding the plainest things. She rendered their approbation most flattering and most agreeable to him for its own sake; and their disapprobation most mortifying and most offensive. This was a fault. And it is not a question merely of the size of the poet. Under these circumstances it is interesting to inquire whether this type of service has any good points to offset its obvious disadvantages; and it is consoling to find that there are such–not enough to cause us to select an unsupported delivery station deliberately where a deposit or a branch would be possible, but enough to satisfy us that a delivery station is worth while if we can use nothing better and to induce us to lay stress, if we can, on the particular features that make it satisfactory. Dining at the usurped property one day, and boasting of his contempt for the 100 words essay on my best friend xp complaints of the holy monks, he took a pear and exclaimed—“I call this pear to witness that before the year is out I will give them ample cause for grumbling.” Choking with the first morsel, he was carried speechless to bed, and miserably perished unhouselled, a warning to evildoers not to tempt too far the patience of St. She is at present in a state of imbecility of mind, and she looks a quiet, timid, silent, motionless, stupid creature, sitting continually in the same posture, like one _almost_ shivering with cold. But to the man who is searching for buried treasure the digging ceases to be drudgery; he knows what he is about, and every shovelful as it is lifted brings him nearer to possible gold and gems. After some hesitation he took it, and found it bitter to the last degree. The painter has now a difficult task to manage—to throw in his gentle admonitions, ‘A little more this way, sir,’ or ‘You bend rather too forward, madam,’—and ought to have a delicate white hand, that he may venture to adjust a straggling lock of hair, or by giving a slight turn to the head, co-operate in the practical attainment of a position. The Rev. They would see their country ruined before they would part with the least of their superfluities. He was not a dealer in _moot-points_. 4. Paul, without specifying his offence, the tribune forthwith ordered “that he should be examined by scourging, that he might know wherefore they cried so against him;” and when St. Lucien Adam in the _Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie Comparee_, Tome XIX (Paris, 1886). While we do well to insist that the lightness and {21} capriciousness of movement, the swift unpredictable coming and going, are of the essence of laughter, it will be one main object of this inquiry to show how our mirthful explosions, our sportive railleries, are attached at their very roots to our serious interests. Its declensions and conjugations accordingly are much less complex than those of the Greek; it has dropped the dual number in both. Agitation in favor of substituting other methods of punishing the cyclists who ride on the sidewalks and fail to light their lamps at sundown would evidently be hopeless here. This has already been touched on. “But most important of all is the structure of the incidents.
xp best words essay 100 my on friend. The three others were a house, a reed, and a flint. Almost identical is the conclusion of Dr. It remains to determine the relation of one other tendency in this high thinking to the possibilities of laughter. THE CONCEPTION OF LOVE IN SOME AMERICAN LANGUAGES.[358] “The words which denote love, describing a sentiment at once powerful and delicate, reveal the inmost heart of those who created them. It is the luxuriance of natural feeling and fancy. In this I am peculiarly happy, that I am exempted from the common Task of other Dedicators, who lie under an Obligation of publishing to the 100 words essay on my best friend xp World those Excellencies of their Patrons, which perhaps appear no where but in their Epistles. It is remarked by Dr. Even with these limitations, Philippe was not disposed to sanction the practice within the domains of the crown, for, the next year (1307), we find him commanding the seneschal of Toulouse to allow no duel to be adjudged in his court, but to send all cases in which the combat might arise to the Parlement of Paris for decision.[747] This was equivalent to a formal prohibition. This is the way in which some Tasmanian women behaved on a first introduction to the European manner of singing. As the jury system developed itself in both civil and criminal matters the sphere of the duel became more limited, in practice if not in theory, and its evils being thus less felt the necessity for its formal abrogation was less pressing.[801] It was thus enabled to hold its place as a recognized form of procedure to a later period than in any other civilized land. As I have tried to show, a shock of surprise, as we ordinarily understand the expression, is not an invariable antecedent of our response to laughable things. The things that he will get are not to be ascertained by an examination. However one may in a fit of spleen and impatience turn round and assert one’s claims in the face of low-bred, hireling malice, I will here repeat what I set out with saying, that there never yet was a man of sense and proper spirit, who would not decline rather than court a comparison with any of those names, whose reputation he really emulates—who would not be sorry to suppose that any of the great heirs of memory had as many foibles as he knows himself to possess—and who would not shrink from including himself or being included by others in the same praise, that was offered to long-established and universally acknowledged merit, as a kind of profanation. In common with the greatest—Marlowe, Webster, Tourneur, and Shakespeare—they had a quality of sensuous thought, or of thinking through the senses, or of the senses thinking, of which the exact formula remains to be defined. Autumn or winter, summer or spring, What are they now to him? But I venture to affirm that the spectacle as such would not impress you as being one whit more ludicrous when seen in this way, first the hat and then the wearer, than if your eye had lighted on the two together. The just discrimination of the kinds of pronouns is therefore conclusive, and in this respect we must yield the decided pre-eminence to the Mexican. When we were trying to explain to the architects of the New York branch buildings exactly what we wanted in those structures and met with the usual misconception based on medieval ideas of a library, one of the most eminent architects in the United States suddenly sat up and took notice. You must compliment your bitterest foe to his face, and may slander your dearest friend behind his back. You see I am putting this before any account of circulation. I wish it, however, to be particularly observed, because I shall have to revert to the fact hereafter, that it is not so much these exciting causes, or even the sad effects of these feverish and wasting passions, that are in themselves so dreadful and fatal, as they are when accompanied or followed by the conflicts and condemnations of conscience. As an artisan of the theatre he is not inferior to Fletcher, and his best tragedies have an honester unity than _Bonduca_. Here _na_ is a demonstrative particle like the Aztec _in_, and _mathia_ is a compound _pa_, to sell, and _thehna_, charcoal. We librarians may say and believe that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages, but trustees and municipal authorities are hard to convince. 100 words essay on my best friend xp As we have seen, such laughter may be fully accounted for by supposing that the object has an exhilarating or gladdening effect on the child’s feeling. 1 vol. Yet the range of jocosity inspired by respect for mere newness, on the value of which reason has had nothing to say, is evidently limited. The power of attraction which, according to the theory of gravity, each body possesses, is in proportion to the quantity of matter contained in that body. There is no great harm in this delusion, nor can there be much in seeing through it; for we shall still go on just as we did before.[62] ESSAY XXVIII MADAME PASTA AND MADEMOISELLE MARS I liked Mademoiselle Mars exceedingly well, till I saw Madame Pasta whom I liked so much better. Although death not infrequently results from the ordeal itself, yet the faith reposed in these trials is so absolute that, according to Dr. In general, when we see any thing fall, we have the idea of a particular direction, of _up_ and _down_ associated with the motion by invariable and every day’s experience. The sailor, who, as soon as he got ashore, should mend his fire with the plank upon which he had just escaped from a shipwreck, would seem to be guilty of an unnatural action. Bernard Shaw is often both indecent and immoral while at the same time so astoundingly clever that we stand gaping at him with our mouths wide open while he tosses down our throats the most unsavory things. A treatise on forms of railway tickets, with fac-simile illustrations, would be eagerly sought by libraries; why should not the objects themselves be equally valuable? Perfect, I have heard, _aqui doj crah_. Envy is when you hate and would destroy all excellence that you do not yourself possess. Christian faith improved on the simplicity of pagan devices, and was able, through the intermediation of men of supreme sanctity, to induce Heaven to render the ordeal still more miraculous. Tradition is a matter of much wider significance. We soon learn from experience, however, that this sensation is commonly excited by some external body; by a flower, for example, of which the absence removes, and the presence brings back, the sensation. One of these deputy lords, a few years since, observed that the removal of sea-beach materials, within a given distance of the road or gangway to the beach, afforded an inlet for the ocean to under mine and remove the foot of the gangway to such an extent, that an expence was necessarily incurred, from time to time, in repairing it, besides the loss of land on either side of it. A valuable part of this amusing portraiture consists in bringing out {389} the fresh and odd-looking characteristics not only of individuals, but of classes and even of races. The man, however, who fires a pistol at his enemy but misses him, is punished with death by the laws of scarce any country. As for talking, it is the bane of many different kinds of work. An Essay, again, may be as a whole a _jeu d’esprit_ and the fun seem to preponderate, while the manner is throughout that of grave argument; or, in more subtle work, as some of Charles Lamb’s, it may be best described as fun sandwiched in between a look of seriousness on the surface, and a real seriousness of meaning below. Although he expressed this doubt with particular reference to the American race, I believe I am right in assuming that the hesitancy he felt in pushing inquiry so far should now diminish in view of new methods of research and a wider range of observations. A good authority tells us that savages “tease one another much more freely and jokingly (scherzhaft) than Europeans”.[165] This fondness for teasing comes out strongly in their mimicries of one another’s defects, a point to be illustrated presently. The size of the river as well as it’s taste depends on the water that has already fallen into it. There seems to be in young children an instinctive disposition to believe whatever they are told. Thus, among the Hindus, the ancient Manava Dharma Sastra prescribes the oath as satisfactory evidence in default of evidence, but requires it to be duly reinforced— “In cases where there is no testimony, and the judge cannot decide upon which side lies the truth, he can determine it fully by administering the oath. I invoke Moses and Aaron, who divided the sea.
How to write good research paper introduction middle school powerpoint
Fancy bore sway in him; and so vivid were his impressions, that they included the substances of things in them. Does the earth pour forth an exuberant harvest? In 1325, according to the story, a French Jew feigned conversion to Christianity in order to gratify his spleen by mutilating the images in the churches, and at length he committed the sacrilege of carrying off the holy wafer to aid in the hideous rites of his fellows. Take the Athapascan or Tinne, for example, found in its greatest purity amid the tribes who dwell on the Arctic sea, and along the Mackenzie river, in British America, but which is also the tongue of the Apaches who carried it almost to the valley of Mexico. Modestinus affirms that it is only to be believed when there is no other mode of ascertaining the truth.[1445] Adrian cautions his judges not to trust to the torture of a single slave, but to examine all cases by the light of reason and argument.[1446] According to Ulpian, the imperial constitutions provided that it was not always to be received nor always rejected; in his own opinion it was unsafe, dangerous, and deceptive, for some men were so resolute that they would bear the extremity of torment without yielding, while others were so timid that through fear they would at once inculpate the innocent.[1447] From the manner in which Cicero alternately praises and discredits it, we can safely assume that lawyers were in the habit of treating it, not on any general principle, but according as it might affect their client in any particular case; and Quintilian remarks that it was frequently objected to on the ground that under it one man’s constancy makes falsehood easy to him, while another’s weakness renders falsehood necessary.[1448] That these views were shared by the public would appear from the often quoted maxim of Publius Syrus—“Etiam innocentes cogit mentiri dolor”—and from Valerius Maximus, who devotes his chapter _De Qu?stionibus_ to three cases in which it was erroneously either trusted or distrusted. ESSAYS OX CHEMICAL PHILOSOPHY. ‘He spoke as one having authority, and not as the Scribes.’—But if he did not produce such an effect either by reason or imagination, how did he produce it? How remote this kind of conception of the ludicrous is from the homely laughter of mortals may be seen in such attempts as are made by these Hegelian thinkers to connect the two. Let us then try to test the point in another way. Perhaps there is too much the appearance of relaxation and trifling (as if he had escaped the shackles of rhyme), a caprice, a levity, and a disposition to innovate in words and ideas. On the other hand to say that this species of elective affinity is determined in it’s operation by the greater readiness with which the idea of a particular impression recalls the memory of another impression which co-existed with it in a state of sensible excitement is to repeat the fact but not (that I can perceive) in any manner to account for it. When descriptive treatises are shelved in connection with the specimens, as in some modern museums, we have an expansion of the label into the book; how to write good research paper introduction middle school powerpoint and the museum, in this one particular at how to write good research paper introduction middle school powerpoint least, crosses the dividing line between it and the library. If, therefore, you are innocent, repeat, ‘Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost!’” The bishop boldly commenced, “Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to—” here his voice failed him, he was unable to finish the sentence; and, confessing the sin, he was deposed.[1110] Henry’s prudence in declining the Eucharistic ordeal was proved by the fate of the unfortunate Imbrico, Bishop of Augsburg, who, in the same year, 1077, after swearing fealty to Rodolph of Suabia, abandoned him and joined the emperor. Some never get over this idea and fail in consequence; some discover their mistake and blame their training because it does not do what it can not do and was not intended to do. It should not be necessary to tell librarians that the best way to make such a collection as this is not to search for each element by itself but to gather miscellaneous related material in quantity and then sort it. The first is whether the idea of equality is merely a particular way of considering contiguity. The imagination of the spectator throws upon it either the one colour or the other, according either to his habits of thinking, or to the favour or dislike which he may bear to the person whose conduct he is considering. For nothing but the certainty of absolute proof, and of having avoided every error of this sort can overcome the reluctance of the mind to admit fully and in all it’s consequences a distinction, which however simple in the abstract goes to the direct subversion of one of the most deeply-rooted feelings of the human mind, namely that of the essential difference between the interest we have in promoting our own welfare by all the means in our power, and that which we take in promoting the welfare of others. In the time of Beaumanoir (1283), though an appeal would not lie from a serf to a freeman, it may be safely inferred from the context that a combat could be legally decreed between two serfs if the consent of their masters were obtained,[441] and other contemporary authorities show that a man claimed as a serf could defend his freedom with the sword against his would-be master.[442] Even Jews were held liable to the appeal of battle, as we learn from a decision of 1207, preserved in an ancient register of assizes in Normandy,[443] and they no doubt purchased the exemption, which was granted to them, except in cases of flagrant murder, by Philippe le Long, as a special favor, in 1317.[444] Difference of condition thus became an impediment to the duel, and formed the subject of many regulations, varying with circumstance and locality. 44. I may be taking too much upon my chosen profession; but I cannot help thinking that this is one of the tasks with which we librarians shall have to grapple. (_d_) Once more, laughter is a common accompaniment of all varieties of contest or sharp encounter, both physical and mental. Again, violent and extreme cases may be said to certificate themselves, in these there can be no risk of making any mistake, and doing any injustice in the first instance; the injustice may be afterwards in improper treatment, and in over detention. He is evidently of a contented and happy disposition. This arrangement I have at my own establishments, which consist of Fair Mead House, and of Leopard’s Hill Lodge, for males, and Springfield for females, with appendages, and separate cottages; and more especially, I would have each house divided into a front and back part, and this front part so contrived, that in appearance it should be sufficiently distinct from the other, so that patients might feel, on recovery, that removal to this part withdrew them from the more painful associations of their past state, and afforded them solace and encouragement; thus might their recovery be expedited, and the chances of relapse lessened. Strange paradox! Another set of authors make virtue consist in those affections only which aim at the happiness of others, not in those which aim at our own. It was the intention of the rulers of this dark land that the youths should meet the same fate as their father and uncle. Though this additional category of Good may not altogether abolish the distinction which Mill makes between general morality and justice or duty which may be obligatory by law, it appears to amplify and extend the scope of the principle of Utility. Vice is always capricious: virtue only is regular and orderly. It is not him whom, properly speaking, they hate and despise, but another person whom they mistake him to be. It was the study of the Lithuanian dialect on the Baltic Sea, a language of peasants, without literature or culture, but which displays forms more archaic than the Sanscrit. The chapter identifies these with the cardinal points from which blow the four winds. It may be compared to the effect of a number of small loadstones, that by acting together lift the greatest weights. To buy a good collection of minor poets for a town that clamors, or ought to clamor, for books on the electric industries, is to get bad books. An ingenious plan was also adopted by which, when two witnesses gave testimony irreconcilable with each other, their comparative credibility was tested by torturing both simultaneously in each other’s presence.[1726] Evidence given under torture was esteemed the best kind, and yet with the perpetually recurring inconsistency which marks this branch of criminal law it was admitted that the spontaneous testimony of a man of good character could outweigh that of a disreputable person under torment.[1727] Witnesses, however, could not be tortured more than three times;[1728] and it was a question mooted between jurists whether their evidence thus given required, like the confession of an accused person, to be subsequently ratified by them.[1729] A reminiscence of Roman law, moreover, is visible in the rule that no witness could be tortured against his kindred to the seventh degree, nor against his near connections by marriage, his feudal superiors, or other similar persons.[1730] There doubtless was good reason underlying the Roman rule, universally followed by modern legists, that, whenever several parties were on trial under the same accusation, the torturer should commence with the weakest and tenderest, for thus it was expected that a confession could soonest be extracted; but this eager determination to secure conviction gave rise to a refinement of cruelty in the prescription that if a husband and wife were arraigned together, the wife should be tortured first, and in the presence of her husband; and if a father and son, the son before his father’s face.[1731] Grillandus, who seems to have been an unusually humane judge, describes five degrees of torture, using as a standard the favorite strappado. Wonderful perversion, that a view so contradictory and false can be enforced with a fiery zeal that proves it is believed, embraced, and retained under the influence of the fear, (and not the conviction in the understanding,) that it is essential to their salvation!
But, if Plato had meant to express no more than this most natural and simple of all notions, he might surely have expressed it more plainly, and would hardly, one would think, have talked of it with so much emphasis, as of something which it required the utmost reach of thought to comprehend. A strange cur in a village, an idiot, a crazy woman, are set upon and baited by the whole community. muttered a quotation over the last remains of a veal-pie at a side-table. Yet the confusion of ranks due to the universalising of education is small and unimpressive when compared with that arising from another cause. The swift directness of the “natural” or spontaneous laugh may be readily discriminated by a fine observer. Mac-Intosh in his public lectures used to deny the existence of such a feeling as general benevolence or humanity, on the ground that all our affections necessarily owe their rise to particular previous associations, and that they cannot exist at all unless they have been excited before in the same manner by the same objects. After Berkeley’s Essay on Vision, I do not know of any work better worth the attention of those who would learn to think than these same metaphysical Discourses preached at the Rolls’ Chapel. The fact that librarians do not yield, in this case, to the suggestion of a change that would benefit them and all their assistants, is, of course, due to the obviousness of the other fact that it would be bad for the public. ‘When you sup with such a person,’ says Epictetus, ‘you complain of the long stories which he tells you about his Mysian wars. Louis Public Library convinces me that he will. It is not that certain images are surcharged with a prescriptive influence over the imagination from known and existing prejudices, so that to approach or even mention them is sure to excite a pleasing awe and horror in the mind (the effect in this case is mostly mechanical)—the whole sublimity of the passage is from the weight of passion thrown into it, and this is the poet’s own doing. But, before any thing can be the proper object of gratitude or resentment, it must not only be the cause of pleasure or pain, it must likewise be capable of feeling them. Anthony assured me that this was never the custom of his nation, so far as any recollection or tradition goes. Those that succeeded in throwing themselves from the roof were dispatched by the mob, and the rest, to the number of three hundred, were consumed by the avenging flames. The truth is, that persons of the most precise and formal understandings are persons of the loosest and most extravagant imaginations. (9) Don’t estimate public demand by its effect on your own patience; one persistent old gentleman often bulks larger than a crowd of quiet but deserving persons without either push or pull. And I do not mean the impressionable period of adolescence, but the period of full maturity. I am just able to admire those literal touches of observation and description, which persons of loftier pretensions overlook and despise. It ought, however, to be mentioned that during the whole of this time he would frequently exhibit signs of great uneasiness and irritability, would pace the gallery or airing court, in quick and hurried steps, and afterwards call his attendants to play a game at whist or backgammon: at these times he was in the habit of chewing orange-peel, which he constantly carried in his pocket for that purpose, and afterwards he would say his troubles were overcome. It seldom happens, however, that human nature arrives at this degree of firmness. It may be that the non-readers are literate, but take no interest in books; perhaps they say they have no time to read; possibly the library has not the kind of books that they like; they how to write good research paper introduction middle school powerpoint may be foreigners, reading no English, and the library may have no books in their tongue. The essay on “The Earliest Form of Human Speech” offers a series of inferences drawn from the study of American tongues as to the general characteristics of the articulate utterances of the species when it first became possessed—by some slow evolutionary process—of the power of conveying ideas by intelligible sounds. Anything like a general training is a contradiction in terms. Why so? Clubs seldom do this for themselves. Foster, making a tremendous leap, connects them with a tribe “who, in times far remote, flourished in Brazil,” and adds: “a broad chasm is to be spanned before we can link the Mound-builders to the North American Indians. The simplest conceivable structure of society includes a head and ruler of family, clan or tribe, and subjects. Ignorance of locality, especially when it lands a traveller in a mess, is a common source of merriment to the rustic onlooker. The latter plan, I venture to think, is the more favorable one for the would-be prophet. How such stocks may have arisen has been lucidly set forth by my learned friend Mr. a degree of licentiousness was deemed the characteristic of a liberal education. Besides, the sense of duty, of propriety interferes. On the other hand, we find in them a great many classificatory particles. Good powerpoint write research to paper middle how school introduction.
A combination of non-critical, rather than uncritical, qualities made Mr. It is seldom that with all this he succeeds. These conditional plans of superintendance must be allowed the widest range, a range which no inexperienced person, still less those who have false notions and impressions of the general character of the insane, can possibly imagine, and for which no acts or rules can give directions—How then can those without knowledge and experience pretend to undertake such a charge? But there are some of these philanthropists that a physiognomist has hard work to believe in. There was still another school of philosophy, earlier than Plato, from which, however, he was so far from borrowing any thing, that he seems to have bent the whole force of his reason to discredit and expose its principles. But as many of them are derived from a partial and imperfect view of nature, there are many of them too in some respects in the wrong. On January 15th, 1825, another large mass of earth was detached from the light-house hills, and fell with great force on the beach, extending in breadth above three hundred yards from the cliffs, covering an area of twelve acres, and containing, it was supposed, not less than half a million of cubic yards of earth. II. C. But we cannot believe that George Wyndham lived in the real world. So we need not be astonished when we find that two related subjects of any kind acquire new vitality and new interest when we study the region along the line where they touch. What a strange being man is! But in point of reality there is surely no great difference between that approbation which is not to be bestowed till we can no longer enjoy it, and that which, indeed, is never to be bestowed, but which would be bestowed, if the world was ever made to {105} understand properly the real circumstances of our behaviour. He is accordingly not simple, but a product of a certain civilization, and he is not wholly conscious. A lady or a gentleman cannot sit quite so long or so still as a lay-figure, and if you finish up each part according to the length of time it will remain in one position, the face will seem to have been painted for the sake of the drapery, not the drapery to set off the face. He finds that if a child is in a ticklish mood, the tickling of any part or even the threat of doing so will suffice to provoke laughter. He found further, in carrying out psychological experiments, that whereas the introduction of a stronger stimulus than was expected is apt to excite apprehension in {65} the subject, that of a weaker stimulus will excite laughter.[44] Here, too, we seem to have a sensational reflex in which is present a distinctly mental element, _viz._, a moment of mild shock and apprehension at the sudden coming of something disagreeable and partially unknown, instantly followed by another moment of dissolution of shock in a pleasurable recognition of the harmlessness of the assault. According to them, therefore, disinterested benevolence is the only motive which can stamp upon actions the character of virtue. The line of coast is extremely favourable to its rapacity, presenting, as it does, the appearance of a cape, and the different strata composing the cliffs are generally of too yielding a nature to resist its influence, even under ordinary circumstances.—The Hasborough Sands, extending from Winterton, to or a little beyond Bacton, must, from their dimensions and abrupt elevation, be a source of considerable mischief, confining a vast body of water within a narrow limit, which, when increased and disturbed by gales of wind from the north-west, upon a spring tide, urges the waves against the cliffs with a greater or less velocity, and with a force not only sufficient to sweep away large quantities of the earth, which, from the perpendicularity of the cliffs, is deposited at their base, but actually to undermine them to a considerable extent. The personal pronouns are _je_, I. Throwing out of consideration the really lazy, ignorant or incompetent assistant, competent subordinates may be of three kinds–first, he who has been trained to do certain things in certain ways and continues to do only those things in only those ways, not realizing the possibility of change or improvement; secondly, he who does realize this possibility but has been taught, or at any rate believes, that it is not his place, but only his superior’s, to take active steps toward something more or better; and thirdly he who both realizes and acts, who does what he can to see that such steps as he can properly take to improve matters are taken and that how to write good research paper introduction middle school powerpoint such as he can not take of his own accord are suggested, in a proper manner, to his superior. A {157} venerable old man, who had expressed the most tender affection for them both, for whom, notwithstanding he was the avowed enemy of their religion, they had both conceived the highest reverence and esteem, and who was in reality their father, though they did not know him to be such, is pointed out to them as a sacrifice which God had expressly required at their hands, and they are commanded to kill him. Old buildings are often torn down to make room for new. The Tories were shocked that Lord Byron should grace the popular side by his direct countenance and assistance—the Whigs were shocked that he should share his confidence and counsels with any one who did not unite the double recommendations of birth and genius—but themselves! I recollect walking out to escape from one of the tenderest parts, in order to return to it again with double relish. It was long before he learned to shape and adjust the stone to the end of the stick, and to hurl this by means of a cord attached to a second and elastic stick—in other words, a bow; still longer before he discovered the art of fashioning clay into vessels and of polishing and boring stones. The way to cure him of this folly is to give him something else to be proud of. M. the claws and bristly hide, which generally, though not always, go together. Yet just three years later this man’s name was the best known in the country and had gone around the world. vii.
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Hence, the literal rendering is “on the day of thy being.” The so-called imperfect subjunctive turns out to be a verbal noun with a preposition. A league was formed which seemed to threaten the existence of the institutions so carefully nurtured by St. But the most excessive indulgence even of partial friendship is not so offensive. If you labour, therefore, under any signal calamity, if by some extraordinary misfortune you are fallen into poverty, into diseases, into disgrace and disappointment; even though your own fault may have been, in part, the occasion, yet you may generally depend upon the sincerest sympathy of all your friends, and, as far as interest and honour will permit, upon their kindest assistance too. It must almost always be so to other people. When we say that the food which we eat has an agreeable or disagreeable taste in every part of it, we do not thereby mean that it has the feeling or sensation of taste in wavetable synthesis sound on sound any part of it, but that in every part of it, it has the power of exciting that feeling or sensation in our palates. Even the admiration which is excited by beauty, is quite different (as will appear more fully hereafter) from that which is inspired by greatness, though we have but one word to denote them. A benefactor thinks himself but ill requited, if the person upon whom he has bestowed his good offices, repays them merely from a cold sense of duty, and without any affection to his person. But we Americans do not take kindly to limitations of this sort, although they are familiar in countries where service of all kinds is more standardized. Thus, in the Council of Reims in 1119, among the provisions for the enforcement of the Truce of God, accusations of its violation are rebutted by knights with six compurgators, while common people are required to undergo the ordeal.[157] CHAPTER VI. One important safeguard, however, existed, which, if properly maintained, must have greatly lessened the frequency of torture as applied to freemen. It opens, and a young female head looks from it; a child, yet woman grown; with an air of rustic innocence and the graces of a princess, her eyes like those of doves, the lips about to open, a smile of pleasure dimpling the whole face, the jewels sparkling in her crisped hair, her youthful shape compressed in a rich antique dress, as the bursting leaves contain the April buds! There are some shores on which the sea, where it has overflowed, and after remaining perhaps some ages, has again retired of its own accord, or been driven back by the industry of man, which, if applied in the case submitted, would, we earnestly pray, verify the words contained in the 5th chapter of the prophet Jeremiah, and the 22nd verse. The return it offers is abundant, but the harvesting delicate. I can understand how it is that you talk so well on that subject, and that your discourse has an extreme-unction about it, a marrowiness like his colouring. ?????????) may urge his own objection to our proposed discussion, an objection less irritating perhaps than that of the zealous laughter-hater and of the indifferent agelast, but on the other hand of a more penetrating thrust. He should be able to soar with the Platonist to the realm of Ideas, so as to enjoy the droll aspect which men’s behaviour assumes as soon as a glimmer of light is made to fall on it from the Universal Forms; {402} and he should be no less capable of taking up the standpoint of everyday reality and common-sense, so far as to discern the element of a practical irrationality which lurks in any undue insistence on these Ideas. When we look upon the person who is the cause of his pleasure with the eyes with which we imagine he must look upon him, his benefactor seems to stand before us in the most engaging and amiable light. {84} These common forms of experience may be wavetable synthesis sound on sound conceived of narrowly or widely. Why then should it be maintained that the feelings of compassion, generosity, &c. A working jeweller can perceive slight distinctions of surface, and make the smallest incisions in the hardest substances from mere practice: a woollen-draper perceives the different degrees of the fineness in cloth, on the same principle; a watchmaker will insert a great bony fist, and perform the nicest operations among the springs and wheels of a complicated and curious machinery, where the soft delicate hand of a woman or a child would make nothing but blunders. This ratio is generally regarded by the lay critic as abnormally small, but trustees have generally acquiesced in the librarian’s explanation of the causes that seem to him to make it necessarily so. Lipps to deal with a simple instance of the laughable because, in spite of a recognisable effort to connect theory with concrete facts, it illustrates the common tendency to adapt the facts to the theory; and, further, the no less common tendency to overlook the rich variety of experience {18} which our laughter covers, the multiplicity of the sources of our merriment and the way in which these may co-operate in the enjoyable contemplation of a ludicrous object. All preliminary testimony was still _ex parte_. To the southward is old Eccles steeple, ready to be snatched into the briny ocean; at its foot, towards the sea, is the remaining portion of the sacred edifice, with other foundations, indicating where once had existed the humming noise of human beings, exercising their vocation for individual and collective benefit. It is no wonder, therefore, that means were readily found for extending the jurisdiction of the wager of battle as widely as possible. Imagine a well-informed and intelligent student of history who has completely forgotten to read, owing to some concussion of the brain which has not impaired his knowledge in any other way, and you have the situation of many music-lovers. But if a man can only succeed in doing this without losing his head in the somewhat rollicking scene, there is nothing that need repel him from the task; for reason assures us that here too, just as in other domains of human experience where things looked capricious and lawless enough at the outset, order and law will gradually disclose themselves. The politest set of gentlemen and ladies in the world can do no more than this. Thus it will be seen that when I speak in general of “a love of books” I mean not a love of their typography, their illustration, or their bindings, but of their contents; a love of the universal mind of humanity as enshrined in print; a love of the method of recording ideas in written speech, as contrasted with their presentation in the spoken tongue–a love of ideas and ideals as so recorded. So the Toltecs, under Quetzalcoatl, were fabled to have entered Mexico from beyond the Eastern Ocean. I conceive more real light and vital heat is thrown into the argument by this struggle of natural feeling to relieve itself from the weight of a false and injurious imputation, than would be added to it by twenty volumes of tables and calculations of the _pros_ and _cons_ of right and wrong, of utility and inutility, in Mr. The administration of the great system of the universe, however, the care of the universal happiness of all rational and sensible beings, is the business of God and not of man. INUNDATIONS, SHIPWRECKS, &c. He gave her two more smart blows on the part of the person to which he had referred, and then disappeared; but the marks of the four blows remained as long as she lived.
Their, _our_ antagonists will be very well satisfied with this division of the spoil:—give them the earth, and any one who chooses may take possession of the moon for them! sometimes to do battle with liveliness of fancy; and it has to do this here. Here I think our training is somewhat at fault. True friendship is self-love at second-hand; where, as in a flattering mirror, we may see our virtues magnified and our errors softened, and where we may fancy our opinion of ourselves confirmed by an impartial and faithful witness. The evidence is all the other way.[37] I need not, therefore, delay over this part of my subject, but will proceed to inquire whether there are any American affinities to the monosyllabic, isolating languages of Asia. _he_, indicative termination of the foregoing. In general it may be laid down as a principle of all sound reasoning that where there are many things actually existing which may be assigned as the causes of several known effects, it is best to divide those effects among them, not arbitrarily to lay the whole weight of a complicated series of effects on the shoulders of some one of them, generally singled out for no other reason than because it is the most remote and therefore the least probable. Qualities take their colour from those that are next them, as the cameleon borrows its hue from the nearest object; and unable otherwise to grasp the phantom of our choice or our ambition, we do well to lay violent hands on wavetable synthesis sound on sound something else within our reach, which bears a general resemblance to it; and the impression of which, in proportion as the thing itself is cheap and worthless, is likely to be gross, obvious, striking, and effectual. Inchbald’s NATURE AND ART, where there is nothing that can have been given _in evidence_ but the Trial-Scene near the end, and even that is not a legal anecdote, but a pure dramatic fiction. The vividness of our impressions in dreams, of which so much has been said, seems to be rather apparent than real; or, if this mode of expression should be objected to as unwarrantable, rather physical than mental. First let us consider the things that we are to distribute, namely, books. This is the only true and absolute identity which can be affirmed of any being; which it is plain does not arise from a comparison of the different parts composing the general idea one with another, but each with itself, or all of them taken together with the whole. As such it stands in marked dissimilarity to the expression of opposite tones of feeling. The local churches found in the administration of the ordeal a source of power and profit which naturally rendered them unwilling to abandon it at the papal mandate. With Swinburne, the criticism of Elizabethan literature has the interest of a passion, it has the interest for us of any writing by an intellectual man who is genuinely moved by certain poetry. How came ye to exist without their leave? There are besides many other reasons, and many other natural principles, which all tend to confirm and inculcate the same salutary doctrine. An actor, who plays a character for the hundred and fortieth time, understands and perhaps performs it better; but does he feel the part, has he the same pleasure in it as he had the first time? Death is the greatest evil which one man can inflict upon another, and excites the highest degree of resentment in those who are immediately connected with the slain. “I should make a distinction,” calmly answered the priest; “if it were good thick soup, I should say not; if it were wishy-washy stuff like this we are eating, it would be quite proper.” So long as we do not realize that the same literary consistency is not adapted both to nutrition and to immersion we shall not be able to decide on what are the best books. Where the laughing is not merely a trick played off by the bodily mechanism, but holds a germ of mind in the shape of a happy consciousness, it has its large and significant pauses. But they are always stamped with a distinct consciousness of his own great inferiority. The investigations, however, reveal two facts quite clearly: first, that the original MS., if there was one, was not in Spanish as asserted, and was not in the handwriting of M. Well, sir, will you believe it? _Linguistic._ This individuality of the race is still more strongly expressed in their languages. It seems hardly needful to point out that since the fact of this utility is known neither to the player nor to the laugher, it does not in the least affect the truth of our contention, that their activity is not controlled by external ends which have a practical or other serious value. Yet it is well to bear in mind that such imposition of restraint by external authority should be also self-restraining. We know, or think we know, from the enormous mass of critical writing that has appeared in the French language the critical method or habit of the French; we only conclude (we are such unconscious people) that the French are “more critical” than we, and sometimes even plume ourselves a little with the fact, as if the French were the less spontaneous. Motion after impulse is an order of succession with which of all things we are the most familiar.
I am aware that this is a dangerous suggestion to make. If so, the long domination of the Romans was doubtless sufficient to extinguish all traces of it. The natural motion of two of these elements, Earth and Water, was downwards, upon account of their gravity. Our own pride and vanity prompt us to accuse them of pride and vanity, and we cease to be the impartial spectators of their conduct. Perhaps, the stoutest obstacle to the smooth flow of social intercourse is the tendency in men to lay stress on their personal importance. Old friendships are like meats served up repeatedly, cold, comfortless, and distasteful. paramount for the individual.” Dr. The test for the children’s grade was not an examination, but a series of periods of practical work in selected branch libraries, with observation and report and a final thesis. Nature, for the wisest purposes, has rendered, in most men, perhaps in all men, parental tenderness a much stronger affection than filial piety. After all, this is natural. He was shipwrecked on reaching the shore, and was hospitably received by a compatriot named Havard, with whom he passed the winter. incessant repetition of the sounds it hears; in fact, imitation marks every step of a child’s growing consciousness. Even the sight of a room turned upside down for a cleaning, or of the confusion of a dinner-table after a meal, takes on something of this amusing aspect of the disorderly. I begin with this group of dialects, once widely spread throughout the St. In these and in all other cases of this kind, our admiration is not so much founded upon the utility, as upon the unexpected, and on that account the great, the noble, and exalted propriety of such actions. The interests of the tribunal were guarded by a clause which compelled him to pay to the _grafio_, or judge, the full _fredum_, or public fine, if his wavetable synthesis sound on sound conscience impelled him to submit to an arrangement for more than the legal percentage. It is probable that the imitation of what is distinctive and fixed in the costume and manners of the higher class preceded by some interval the imitation of the changes we call fashion. The modern notions of the Balams are revealed to us by the Licentiate Zetina of Tihosuco, in his manuscripts to which I have previously referred. Only, as he is an innovator in this art, he wavers between philosophical poetry and philosophy. I kept it in my waistcoat pocket all day, and at night I used to take it to bed with me and put it under my pillow. After beginning such displays in our own library, we found them so popular with our readers and so helpful in our own work that we are now holding thirty or forty yearly, sometimes two or three at once in different parts of the library, supplementing our own material with loans from interested friends. The latter are always viewed with hatred and aversion, wavetable synthesis sound on sound as the follies, as well as the crimes, of the lowest and most worthless of mankind. I could scarcely forbear going up to speak to him. The merit which _Catiline_ possesses is the same merit that is exhibited more triumphantly in _Volpone_; _Catiline_ fails, not because it is too laboured and conscious, but because it is not conscious enough; because Jonson in this play was not alert to his own idiom, not clear in his mind as to what his temperament wanted him to do. Whatever our view of the “Good,” reasonable men of all schools appear to allow some value to a capacity for pleasure, especially the social pleasures, among which laughter, even when it seems to retire into solitude, always keeps a high place. The strongest minds are by rights the most independent and ingenious: but then they are competitors in the lists, and jealous of the prize. In the second future, the distinctive particle _gua_ precedes the whole verbal, thus inclosing the subject with the theme in the tense-sign, strictly according to the principles of the incorporative conjugation. It is evident that these, no matter how valuable or interesting they may be from one standpoint, are not the highest examples of their class. Is the state of the mind or of the nervous system, and its disposition or indisposition to receive certain impressions from the remains of others still vibrating on it, nothing? They not only connect together most perfectly all the phenomena of the Heavens, which had been observed before his time; but those also which the persevering industry and more perfect instruments of later Astronomers have made known to us have been either easily and immediately explained by the application of his principles, or have been explained in consequence of more laborious and accurate calculations from these principles, than had been instituted before. 17. The indulgence of the inclination to sex, in the most lawful union, he considers as the same sensuality with the most hurtful gratification of that passion, and derides that temperance and that chastity which can be practised at so cheap a rate. Montgomery is a very pleasing poet, and a strenuous politician. Yet it is generally true that in the oldest hitherto examined in Brazil, Guiana, Costa Rica and Florida, fragments of pottery, of polished stone, and compound implements, occur even in the lowest strata.[17] Venerable though they are, they supply no date older than what in Europe we should call the neolithic period.
An analysis of suffering and holocaust in night by elie wiesel
It may be asserted, not as a figure of speech, but as a cold fact, that a community whose citizens look back upon an honorable history with records preserved in an accessible place, ought to be much less likely to sanction a trolley steal or to wink-at official graft. They all of them, however, express some specific relation, and are, consequently, none of them so abstract as the preposition _of_, which may be regarded as by far the most metaphysical of all prepositions. Every appearance of injustice, therefore, alarms him, and he runs (if I may say so), to stop the progress of what, if allowed to go on, would quickly put an end to every thing that is dear to him. With them the immediate or last impression is every thing: with us, the first, if it is sufficiently strong and gloomy, never wears out! Mr. The Deity comprehended within his infinite essence, all these species, or external exemplars, in the same manner as he comprehended all sensible objects. They laugh at poets, and are themselves lunatics. The Taensas love the brave Chactas, they will give you a bride; but say, dost thou come alone? Why do you so constantly let your temper get the better of your reason? It is sufficiently evident that this composition and decomposition is altogether different from that union and separation of parts, which constitutes the divisibility of solid extension. ‘Atant’ se escrie li rois, ‘Treiez hors ceu chen punois.’”[1085] This form of ordeal never obtained the extended influence which characterized some of the other modes, and it seems to have been chiefly confined to the populations allied to the Saxon race. In like manner, even if there are funds for both, but only for one or two books on each subject, we must select the books we need most, which we need to do if we have money to buy all we want on both subjects. THE LINEAL MEASURES OF THE SEMI-CIVILIZED NATIONS OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA.[397] Positive progress in constructive art can be accurately estimated by the kind and perfection of the instruments of precision employed by the artists. With respect to the vocal part of the expression, we must not expect too much. So of the African Hottentots and Kafirs, according to the authority already quoted.[174] Of the Tahitians it is said that the jests played off at their expense are never taken in ill part.[175] It is evident that the rougher kinds of jocosity here described allow considerable scope for something of the spirit of superiority and contempt. That astronomer first discovered, that the secondary Planets of Jupiter and Saturn revolved round their primary ones, according to the same laws which Kepler had observed in the revolutions of the primary ones round the Sun, and that of the Moon round the earth; that each of them described equal areas in equal times, and that the squares of their periodic times were as the cubes of their distances. All the higher animals seem to share with us this highly useful capability of immediate and instantaneous recognition. They denied the charge, but when the oath of negation was tendered to them, with the assurance that, if they were Suabians, it would acquit them, they demanded time for consideration. But such a nature was not at hand, and Massinger precedes, not another Shakespeare, but Milton. Francis Lieber, in an essay on “The Plan of Thought in American Languages,”[290] objected to the terms _polysynthesis_ and _incorporation_ that “they begin at the wrong end; for these names indicate that that which has been separated is put together, as if man began with analysis, whereas he ends with it.” He therefore proposed the noun _holophrasis_ with its adjective _holophrastic_, not as a substitute for the terms he criticised, but to express the meaning or purpose of these processes, which is, to convey the whole of a sentence or proposition in one word. (_b_) Another situation which is closely related to play is that of being teased. It was a favorite both with the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, and the manner in which the pagan usages of the ancient Aryans were adopted and rendered orthodox by the Church is well illustrated by the commendation bestowed on it by Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims, in the ninth century. The shallow or cavity became filled up to the top of the groin, and a quantity of sea-beach material, consisting principally of sand, seemed disposed to accumulate against the base of the walls in June, 1844, but unfortunately the groin was not sufficiently extended towards the sea; the piles, instead of projecting above, did not equal in height the mound alluded to, and consequently it is not so efficacious as it would otherwise have been. But I venture to affirm that the spectacle as such would not impress you as being one whit more ludicrous when seen in this way, first the hat and then the wearer, than if your eye had lighted on the two together. He is only graceful and accomplished in those things to which he has paid almost his whole attention,—such as the carriage of his body, and adjustment of his dress; and to which he is of sufficient importance in the scale of society to attract the idle attention of others. The belief that at the approach of the murderer the corpse of the slain would bleed or give some other sign has, under the names of _jus feretri_, _jus cruentationis_, _bahr-recht_, and “bier-right,” been a resource eagerly seized by puzzled jurists. I look to see socialization, in this and other directions, proceed to such lengths that the older library ideals may have to go entirely by the board. The difference is that while in constructive work something can be done, destructive work must incessantly be repeated; and furthermore Arnold, in his destruction, went for game outside of the literary preserve altogether, much of it political game untouched and inviolable by ideas. Now it is to be investigated, whether the faculties which distinguish man from animals, and which constitute his human character, are innate. i, p. RECITAL OF THE PRIEST CHILAN. “And” in Maya is _yetel_, in Mexican _ihuan_. But, in fact, I have nowhere found that they erected earthworks of any pretentions whatever. The ‘olden times’ are only such in reference to us. He wantonly exposes his neighbour to what no man in his senses would choose to expose himself, and evidently wants that sense of what is due to his fellow-creatures, which is the basis of justice and of society. Is there to be recognized in this a revival of that inherent energy which prompted their ancestors to the construction of the most remarkable specimens of native architecture on the continent, and to the development of a ripe social and political fabric? It appeared to me, since amidst all this strange confusion and delusion, his intellectual powers were still in existence, that if his understanding could be constantly occupied, this confused condition might in time be corrected, and his mind restored to a right state: for this purpose I undertook to make him translate a French work, while I wrote from his dictation, at the same time checking and controlling his wild starts into all these vagaries. An important step was gained when in 1176 Henry II., as a concession to the papacy, agreed that ecclesiastics should not be forced to the duel,[484] but this did not extend to the Scottish Marches, where by law an ecclesiastic was as liable as a layman to personal appearance in the lists; if he presented a champion he was held in custody till the event of the duel, when, if the champion was defeated, his principal was promptly beheaded. As an instance of the opposite style of dramatic dialogue, in which the persons speak for themselves, and to one another, I will give, by way of illustration, a passage from an old tragedy, in which a brother has just caused his sister to be put to a violent death. An actual flower or leaf, for example, is generally cheaper than a color reproduction of it, and takes up little more room when mounted. Hence they have no such thing as poetry. The whole institution may be in the lucky or unlucky class. Thus our own able representative in this branch, Prof. At other times, his eloquence is displayed in imitations of various celebrated characters. Sometimes, too, even though we fail to discern its partial redemption through an organic connection with a worthy trait, a laughable defect may take on the appearance of a condonable and almost lovable blemish of character. A curious hoax, which deceived some of the best linguists of Europe and America, was perpetrated about a decade ago by two young French seminarists, Jean Parisot and A. Hence poets, artists, and men of genius in general, are seldom coxcombs, but often slovens; for they find something out of themselves better worth studying than their own persons. And we must not forget that a book may be bad in three ways: it may give incorrect information, teach what is morally wrong, or use language that is unfitting. Their device to accomplish this was simple: they an analysis of suffering and holocaust in night by elie wiesel merely recommenced the numbering and naming of the weeks for this remainder, adding a third series of appellations drawn from a list of nine signs, called “rulers of the night.” At the close of the solar year they recommenced as at the beginning of the previous year.[252] With these facts in our mind, we can approach our task with confidence. This kind of aid is not difficult to obtain, and there are persons in almost every place qualified in some degree to give it. The term should be classed with that other misused word–superficiality. Louis endeavored to abolish the duel and to substitute a system of inquests, which were necessarily to some extent _ex parte_, he did not desire to withdraw from the accused the legitimate means of defence, and in the Ordonnance of 1254 he expressly instructs his officers not to imprison the defendant without absolute necessity, while all the proceedings of the inquest are to be communicated freely to him.[1622] All this changed with time and the authoritative adoption of torture. The second would have us feel for ourselves as we naturally feel for others. This difference may, to an analysis of suffering and holocaust in night by elie wiesel a very nice and delicate touch, make some difference in the feeling, sufficient to enable a person, much interested in the case, to make this distinction in some degree, though probably in a very imperfect and inaccurate one. _Duclos_, could not express the minuteness of the intervals in the pronunciation of the Chinese language; of all the languages in the world, that of which the pronunciation is said to approach the nearest to singing, or in which the intervals are said to be the greatest. We are charmed with the gaiety of youth, and even with the playfulness of childhood: but we soon grow weary of the flat and tasteless gravity which too frequently accompanies old age. Presented in this rather unfair way, torn apart like the leaves of an artichoke, the impressions of Mr. A serf of the Abbey of Marmoutiers married a serf who had been given by the Viscount of Blois to one of his retainers named Erbald. The composition of this is similar to the former, except that in the place of the perhaps foreign root _xoc_, foot, _yxitl_, foot, is used, which seems to have been the proper Nahuatl term. Dr.
analysis holocaust and night an suffering wiesel by of elie in. Neither does the relation of cause and effect determine the point: the father of the child is not the child, nor the child the father. If it were not for the wine and the dessert, no author in his senses would accept an invitation to a well-dressed dinner-party, except out of pure good-nature and unwillingness to disoblige by his refusal. Just as in the domain of ethics these thinkers conceive of what British Ethicists have been wont to call the Moral Sentiment as essentially a process of Reason, so in that branch of ?sthetics which deals with the Comic we find them disposed to regard the effect of the ludicrous, less as the excitation of a concrete and familiar emotion, such as Pride or Power, than as a special modification of the process of thought. The minute descriptions of fishing-tackle, of baits and flies in Walton’s Complete Angler, make that work a great favourite with sportsmen: the alloy of an amiable humanity, and the modest but touching descriptions of familiar incidents and rural objects scattered through it, have made it an equal favourite with every reader of taste and feeling. But, the vice and folly must be very great, before they can operate this complete degradation. In dealing with the laughable we shall have constantly to allude to its relativity to particular customs and expectations. Those who have the least character to spare, can the least afford to part with their good word to others: a losing cause is always most divided against itself. He said, ‘I myself lodge in a first floor, where there are young ladies in the house: they sometimes have company, and if I am out, they ask me to lend them the use of my apartment, which I readily do out of politeness, or if it is an agreeable party, I perhaps join them. Here, again, I think, a better scientific theory bears out the result of one’s individual self-examination. To this I should answer that such a supposition does not at all account for what I have said above with respect to consciousness and the association of ideas from similarity, &c. Afterwards, when, on the further progress of language, they had begun to give names to particular substances, whenever they observed the approach of any other terrible object, they would naturally join the name of that object to the word _venit_, and cry out, _venit ursus_, _venit lupus_. From the first time I ever cast my eyes on any thing of Burke’s (which was an extract from his Letter to a Noble Lord in a three-times a week paper, The St. Even in so late and so decayed a drama as that of Ford, the framework of emotions and morals of the time is only the vehicle for statements of feeling which are unique and imperishable: Ford’s and Ford’s only. an analysis of suffering and holocaust in night by elie wiesel To suppose that the sphere of the planet should by its own motion, if one may say so, sometimes roll forwards, sometimes roll backwards, and sometimes do neither the one nor the other, is contrary to all the natural propensities of the imagination, which accompanies with ease and delight any regular and orderly motion, but feels itself perpetually stopped and interrupted, when it endeavours to attend to one so desultory and uncertain. In fact the man _per se_ is about the most helpless of animals. What a difference is there in this respect between a Madonna of Raphael, and a lady of fashion, even by Vandyke: the former refined and elevated, the latter light and trifling, with no emanation of soul, no depth of feeling,—each arch expression playing on the surface, and passing into any other at pleasure,—no one thought having its full scope, but checked by some other,—soft, careless, insincere, pleased, affected, amiable! This typical, racial American culture is as far as possible, in spirit and form, from the Mongolian. Some librarians make the mistake of thinking that these differences are racial also. Not to an analysis of suffering and holocaust in night by elie wiesel spin out this discussion too much, I would conclude by observing, that some of the old English prose-writers (who were not poets) are the best, and, at the same time, the most _poetical_ in the favourable sense. Thus in the Scottish law of the twelfth century, in a criminal charge, a man could defend himself against his lord with eleven men of good reputation, but if the king were the accuser, twenty-four were requisite, who were all to be his peers, while in a civil case twelve were sufficient.[105] So in the burgher laws of David I., ordinary cases between citizens were settled with ten conjurators, but eleven were necessary if the king were a party, or if the matter involved the life, limb, or lands of one of the contestants; and in cases occurring between a citizen and a countryman, each party had to provide conjurators of his own class.[106] In the complicated rules for compurgation which form the basis of the Welsh jurisprudence, there are innumerable details of this nature. The brightness of nature is not easily reduced to the low, twilight tone of history; and the impressions of sense defeat and dissipate the faint traces of learning and tradition. Its disorder and confusion, on the {81} contrary, is the object of his aversion, and he is chagrined at whatever tends to produce it. The seer may hope, even if he dare not predict, that the great public library that can afford to do so will continue to purchase such fiction as will interest or entertain the average person of education, even if it is to stay on the shelves but a few months. This desire to read the last thing out, just because it is the last, has had anathemas piled on it until it ought to be crushed, but it is still lively. But it is to be noted that not one of these writers had any practical acquaintance with the sounds of the Maya language, and scarcely any with its vocabulary. The sharp class-antagonisms of the hour, especially that of employer and employed, leave but little hope of the revival of such a choral laughter of a whole people. If the things we want done can be done in accordance with that desire, we can get others to do them for us. Subject, verb, direct object and remote object, are all expressed in one word. No power of the mind should ever be so exercised, as to require the suspension or sacrifice of another. The dead weight of the fear, the poignancy of the grief, and the constraining effect of the situation of _gene_, seem to yield at the moment when the “awful laugh” is snatched at. It is seldom, indeed, that this cautious repose will answer its end. In municipal public libraries like that of Boston, where the city requires that the fines shall be turned directly into the public treasury and not retained for library use, the substitution of a different penalty would presumably involve no diminution of income. Pope is an everlasting monument of how much the most correct, as well as the most elegant and harmonious of all the English poets, had been hurt by the criticisms of the lowest and most contemptible authors. Bleeding and the administration of preparations of native plants are the usual prescriptions; but there are others which have probably been borrowed from some domestic medicine-book of European origin. I should try at the outset therefore, a simple linear formula, such as A_x_ plus B_y_ plus C_z_ plus D_u_ …
Fun maths homework
Homework fun maths. To have an event announced from the pulpit, especially with commendation, gives it a prestige that it could attain in no other way. The public library offers the opportunity for the fullest and freest contact with the minds of the world. It is agreeable to sympathize with joy; and wherever envy does not oppose it, our heart abandons itself with satisfaction to the highest transports of that delightful sentiment. The acting principle in their minds is an inveterate selfishness or desire of distinction. One is too wise, another too foolish for us; and we wonder we did not find this out before. For the quaint thing is that drowsy intelligence will now and again try to sit up and give a nudge to its rather noisy bed-fellow. The soliloquy of the ghost is a characteristic Jonson success in content and in versification— Dost thou not feel me, Rome? In a sense, emotion is feeling, which is the wider term; it is an effect, which therefore cannot exist without its cause, though the same cause under different circumstances may produce many varied emotions, both in quality and degree. {13a} The spring tides {13b} do not take place on the very day of the new and full moon, nor the neap tides on the very day of the quadratures, but a day or two after; the effect is neither greatest nor least when the immediate influence of the cause is greatest or least: as the greatest heat, for example, is not on the solstitial day, when the immediate action of the sun is greatest, but some time after it.—And although the action of the sun and moon were to cease, yet the ocean would continue to ebb and flow for some time, as its waves continue in violent motion for some time after a storm. It is amazing to what an extent even reputable citizens are able to enjoy the presentment of moral failings, when they give {94} themselves up to the mood which seems to belong to a seat before the comic stage. Such results are apt to follow, on the one hand, the inclusion in a board of trustees of a man with a passion for detail and a great personal interest in the work under him, but without a keen realization of the necessity for strict organization and discipline in his expert staff; or, on the other hand, from the presence in that staff of a masterful man who cannot rest until he is in virtual control of whatever he concerns himself about. By some writers they have been termed mud cliffs, from their dark colour and general appearance. Some of them must undergo a thorough ventilation and perfuming, like poor Morgan, before Captain Whiffle would suffer him to come into his presence. This feature in its history is well exemplified in a document containing the fun maths homework proceedings of an assembly of local magnates, held in the year 888, to decide a contention concerning the patronage of the church of Lessingon. Hitherto medical writers, by selecting the most striking cases, have contributed their share to this popular error. decreed that a man of good repute, when accused of theft, could clear himself by his own oath; but if his character was doubtful, and compurgation was prescribed, then if he fell short by one conjurator of the number required, he should satisfy the accuser, though he should not be rendered infamous for the future. A superior may, indeed, sometimes, with universal approbation, oblige those under his jurisdiction to behave, in this respect, with a certain degree of propriety to one another. When he views it in the light in which the impartial spectator would view it, he thoroughly enters into all the motives which influenced it. In order to live comfortably in the world, it is, upon all occasions, as necessary to defend our dignity and rank, as it is to defend our life or our fortune. The Russian Mir, or communal society, is evidently a development of the original family; while the Ruskaia Prawda, the earliest extant code, promulgated by Yaroslav Vladomirovich in the eleventh century, allows the relatives of a murdered man either to kill the murderer or to accept a _wer-gild_ from him. N. In ordinary cases, an old man dies without being much regretted by any body. in 1340 proposed to Philippe de Valois to settle their rival claims to the heritage of France army to army, a hundred to a hundred, or body to body,[286] or when the ancient Hindus were in the habit of averting the carnage of battles in the same manner[287]—these were simply expedients to save the unnecessary effusion of blood, or to gratify individual hate. And so distinguished a scholar as M. Among all things human, surely laughter ought least of all to be afraid of recognising its humble kinsfolk. His followers have as a rule taken for granted that words have definite meanings, overlooking the tendency of words to become indefinite emotions. IV.–_The History of Astronomy._ OF all the phenomena of nature, the celestial appearances are, by their greatness and beauty, the most universal objects of the curiosity of mankind. The augur’s business was to ascertain the will of the gods, and all through we have the idea of some impelling force that makes things turn out as they do. Thus we see that in past history religion has performed a necessary function, and that in spite of the gross unreality of its symbols it constituted the only instrument of consolidation at the disposal of fun maths homework primitive man. Some of the branches in Portland, Ore., used to be and perhaps still are of wood, built of the Douglas fir of the surrounding region. In these rhymes the fun lies in the shock, though only half-unexpected—a shock which has in it the very soul of frivolous play, since it comes at the end of a series of quiet orderly sounds. Why does not every citizen of St. Moore might not think without a pang of the author of Rimini sitting at his ease with the author of Childe Harold; Mr. The wasting of the cliffs is also accelerated from other causes—the continuation of strong north-easterly winds, of drought producing fissures from their superior surface downwards, heavy rains, and after severe and successive frosts. In the record of the proceedings the challenge is duly entered, but no notice whatever seems to have been taken of it by the court, showing that it was no longer a legal mode of trial in such cases.[769] In 1409, the battle trial was materially limited by an ordonnance of Charles VI.
One would think the bricklayer and gardener had been regularly set to work to do away every thing like sentiment or keeping in the object before them. It naturally wishes to gain their favour, and to avoid their hatred or contempt. They differ in size, in complexion, in features, in the expression of their countenances, in age, in the events and actions of their lives, in situation, in knowledge, in temper, in power. In both cases, the propriety of our own sentiments and feelings seems to be exactly in proportion to the vivacity and force with which we enter into and conceive his sentiments and feelings. 1. Even if it were possible to establish some such preposterous connection between the same individual, as that, by virtue of this connection, his future sensations should be capable of transmitting their whole strength and efficacy to his present impulses, and of clothing ideal motives with a borrowed reality, yet such is the nature of all sensation, or absolute existence as to be incompatible with voluntary action. I had done something (more than any one except Schlegel) to vindicate the _Characters of Shakespear’s Plays_ from the stigma of French criticism: but our Anti-Jacobin and Anti-Gallican writers soon found out that I had said and written that Frenchmen, Englishmen, men were not slaves by birth-right. In the Middle Ages, we are told, the atmosphere of fun would rise now and again to a kindling heat, so that holy men themselves would join in the not too decent songs.[252] The modern history of Political Satire abundantly illustrates the force of popular laughter. Godelmann and von Rosbach both tell us that the magistrates of their time, in the absence of all evidence, sometimes had recourse to sorcerers and to various forms of divination in order to obtain proof on which they could employ the rack or strappado. When I speak of what is interesting, however, I mean not only to a particular profession, but in general to others. In these two last expressions, the simple event, or matter of fact, is artificially split and divided in the one, into two; in the other, into three parts. I once knew a linen-draper in the City, who owned to me he did not quite like this part of Miss Burney’s novel. Indeed, he does not hesitate to exclaim that human ingenuity could not invent suffering more terrible than was constantly and legally employed, and that Satan himself would be unable to increase its refinements.[1694] In this as in everything else the legists agreed that the discretion of the judge was the sole and final arbiter in deciding whether the accused was “competently” tortured—that is, whether the number and severity of the inflictions were sufficient to purge him of the adverse evidence.[1695] It is true that the old rules which subjected the judge to some responsibility were still nominally in force. How or when it came to Europe is not known. When they place themselves in the situation of those whom they fancy they have deceived, they are struck with the highest admiration for their own persons. The library has placed itself in a position where it can do this better than any other institution, for it is essentially non-partisan. No appeals could be taken from its judgments, for there was no tribunal before which they could be carried.[347] The judges of the royal court were therefore safe from the necessity of vindicating their decisions in the field, and they even carried this immunity with them and communicated it to those with whom they might be acting. Just here we may consider whether a man may rise above ill-luck, may conquer it, may turn it into good fortune. The phrase, ‘a good-looking man,’ means different things in town and country; and artists have a separate standard of beauty from other people. The prevalence of this throughout Western Europe readily enabled parties, unwilling themselves to encounter the risks of a mortal struggle, to put forward some truculent bravo who swore unscrupulously, and whose evidence would require him to be forced out of court at the sword’s point. We refer each particular to a given standard. The world are not grateful _for nothing_. As therefore this consciousness will be renewed in me after death, if I exist again at all—But stop—As I must be conscious of my past feelings to be myself, and as this conscious being will be myself, how if that consciousness should be transferred to some other being? She triumphed over it by attracting our attention to her expression and tone and making us neglect her words; and this, of course, was not the dramatic method of Greek acting at its best. The learned and eloquent Dunning, afterwards Lord Ashburton, one of the leaders of opposition, defended the ancient custom in the strongest terms. The Fleta, however, some twenty-five years later, uses the term in the sense of witnesses, and in actions of debt directs the defence to be made with conjurators double in number the plaintiff’s witnesses,[239] thus offering an immense premium on dishonesty and perjury. Agitation in favor of substituting other methods of punishing the cyclists who ride on the sidewalks and fail to light their lamps at sundown would evidently be hopeless here. WHEN we taste any solid or liquid substance, we have always two distinct perceptions: first, that of the solid or liquid body, which is naturally felt as pressing upon, and therefore as external to, and independent of, the organ which feels it; and secondly, that of particular taste, relish, or savour which it excites in the palate or organ of Tasting, and which is naturally felt, not as pressing upon, as external to, or as independent of, that organ; but as altogether in the organ, and nowhere but in the fun maths homework organ, or in the principle of perception which feels in {445} that organ. The religion and manners of modern times give our great men little encouragement to fancy themselves either gods or even prophets. But your Academician is quite a different sort of person. In 1498, an assembly of notables at Blois drew up an elaborate ordonnance for the reformation of justice in France. This idea must therefore relate to such a connection between a number of things as determines the mind to consider them as one whole, each thing in that whole having a much nearer and more lasting connection with the rest than with any thing else not included in it, so that the degree of connection between the parts after all requires to be determined by annexing the name of the thing, that is collective idea, signified.
No person, I imagine, can dictate a good style; or spout his own compositions with impunity. If he was a critic, there is no doubt that he was a very good one; but we may conclude that he earned some other name. This, I believe, states the situation fairly. In the English language this is commonly done, by prefixing, what are called the personal pronouns, to the general word which expresses the event affirmed. {16a} Tides are not perceptible in lakes and most inland seas, and deep and extensive as is the Mediterranean, are scarcely sensible to ordinary observation, their effects being quite subordinate to the winds and currents. The Earth’s revolution round its own axis took away the necessity for supposing the first, and the second was easily conceived when by itself. All of us can easily also place our hands on books whose only fault is that fun maths homework their language is objectionable–incorrect, silly or vulgar. It is well known that fun maths homework custom deadens the vivacity of both pain and pleasure, abates the grief we should feel for the one, and weakens the joy we should derive from the other. would you suspend all the natural and private affections on the mere logical deductions of the Understanding, and exenterate the former of all the force, tenderness, and constancy they derive from habit, local nearness or immediate sympathy, because the last are contrary to the speculative reason of the thing? Thus, if we turn to the characters of women, we find that the shrew, the jilt, the coquette, the wanton, the intriguer, the liar, continue all their lives the same. But it is in Mr. The command of the former was, by the ancient moralists above alluded to, denominated fortitude, manhood, and strength of mind; that of the latter, temperance, decency, modesty, and moderation. A late ingenious and subtile philosopher thought it necessary to prove, by arguments, that we had a real sympathy with joy, and that congratulation was a principle of human nature. By this is meant that its books and supplies must be purchased at fair rates, its salaries reasonably proportioned to quantity and quality of services rendered, its property economically administered. Her natural talents are good, and improved by reading; her disposition is friendly and benevolent, but hasty, credulous, and incautious. In 1864, the Mexican government appointed a commission to survey the celebrated ruins of Teotihuacan, under the care of Don Ramon Almaraz. As has been shown above, laughable things do not all affect us in quite the same way. The Restoration comedy appeals to the same playful mood simplified by the temporary inhibition of all outside tendencies. It is implied in the theory we are combating that some sort of ideas are efficient motives to action, because association itself consists of ideas. This growing gleefulness seemed to be the outcome of new expansions of the pleasurable consciousness, of a pure “Lebenslust”. But we cannot stop here. They must always be more knowing than every body else, and treat the wisdom of the ancients, and the wisdom of the moderns, much in the same supercilious way. It opens, and a young female head looks from it; a child, yet woman grown; with an air of rustic innocence and the graces of a princess, her eyes like those of doves, the lips about to open, a smile of pleasure dimpling the whole face, the jewels sparkling in her crisped hair, her youthful shape compressed in a rich antique dress, as the bursting leaves contain the April buds! * * * * * _Also_, _by the same Author_. It is not particularly beautiful, but there is a sweetness in it, and a goodness conjoined, which is inexpressibly delightful. Succeeding improvers observe, that one principle may be so applied as to produce several of those movements; and thus the machine becomes gradually more and more simple, and produces its effects with fewer wheels, and fewer principles of motion. It is granted that a certain thing, in itself highly useful, does not afford as much pleasure to the imagination, or excite as much interest as it ought to do, or as some other thing which is of less real and practical value. The pointing effect of contrast is present, as in all good art; what is noteworthy is the admirable simplicity of the method of contrasting. The accumulation of past records seemed to form the frame-work of their prose, as the observation of external objects did of their poetry— ‘Whose body nature was, and _man_ the soul.’ Among poets they have to boast such names, for instance, as Shakespear, Spenser, Beaumont and Fletcher, Marlowe, Webster, Deckar, and soon after, Milton; among prose-writers, Selden, Bacon, Jeremy Taylor, Baxter, and Sir Thomas Brown; for patriots, they have such men as Pym, Hampden, Sydney; and for a witness of their zeal and piety, they have Fox’s Book of Martyrs, instead of which we have Mr. I have made use of this example without any apology for its being a fictitious one, because I think good novels are the most authentic as well as most accessible repositories of the natural history and philosophy of the species. He endeavours to expound a philosophical system, but with a different motive from Parmenides or Empedocles, for this system is already in existence; he is really endeavouring to find the concrete poetic equivalent for this system—to find its complete equivalent in vision. “Torment or question, which is used by order of the civile law and custome of other countries, … Both to the spectator and to the person principally concerned, a strong propensity to joy is certainly more pleasing than a dull insensibility to the objects of amusement and diversion. It consists in an internal incoherence of feelings, a concatenation of emotions which signifies nothing. Yet some of the earlier codes refer to it but seldom. This tendency to a minute subdivision of religious, political and other bodies introduces a new kind of relation. It is not synonymous with a love of knowledge–the savage who never saw a book may have that; it is not even the same as a love of _recorded_ knowledge, for knowledge may be recorded in other ways–in the brain by oral repetition, in sculptured memorials, in mere piles of stone.
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This must necessarily be in a separate room. They are, as to matters of taste, _tres bornes_. The wretch whose misfortunes call upon our compassion feels with what reluctance we are likely to enter into his sorrow, and therefore proposes his grief to us with fear and hesitation: he even smothers the half of it, and is ashamed, upon account of this hard-heartedness of mankind, to give vent to the fulness of his affliction. As has been explained above with respect to sounds and visible objects, where the association must evidently arise from what I have called their secondary, or relative actions, or, if you will, their _conscious ideas_, that is those which are not confined to a particular spot in the circumference of the brain, but affect the general principle of thought, whatever this may be, whether composed of extended, material parts, or indivisible. If the defendant were crippled, and was on that account obliged to appear by a hired champion, then the appellant could put forward another to meet him. Spurzheim’s craniology gives a very satisfactory and categorical view of human nature. The force was divided into three sections–regular grades, special grades and ungraded occupations. You only by that give me a mean opinion of your ideas of utility. To these must be added the formation of wrinkles under the eyes—a most characteristic part of the expression—which is a further result of the first movements. But there are some of these philanthropists that a physiognomist has hard work to believe in. The real reason of this attitude I believe to be not so much the mistakes of the linguists, as a strong aversion which I have noticed in many distinguished teachers of physical science to the study of language and the philosophy of expression. In 1368 Casimir III. But it seems reasonable to say that the element of sadness in our hilarity has its organic support in the unpleasant feeling-tones {47} which accompany the effects of all violent and prolonged laughter.[27] What may be the precise proportions between the initial or “cerebral” joy and the joy reverberated by the organism we have no data for determining. As we are unacquainted with his provocation, we cannot bring his case home to ourselves, nor conceive anything like the passions which it excites. A tune that has always been associated with improper words may in time come to be considered as itself improper, but there can be nothing objectionable about the music in itself. And is not our amusement at the sight of certain mischances which have the look of a tripping up, an outwitting or befooling, either by others or by circumstance or “fate,” traceable to a perception of something indistinguishable from playful teasing? Proceedings, but probably report writing websites au no one would maintain that these do, or possibly could, give an adequate idea of the character or extent of the work that our libraries are doing. A _fool_ takes no interest in any thing; or if he does, it is better to be a fool, than a wise man, whose only pleasure is to disparage the pursuits and occupations of others, and out of ignorance or prejudice to condemn them, merely because they are not _his_. In fact, the greater part of our first class of patients have been occasionally at Leopard’s Hill, and this with the knowledge and approval of their friends. Many people think there is a want of honesty or a want of understanding in this. Such were the intellectual amusements of our ancestors! And it is highly gratifying to observe, that until recently no murmur or complaint has been raised against the lords of the manor, and this is confined to two or three districts, and arose from the following circumstance:—From time immemorial, it appears, persons have been allowed to take whatever sea-beach materials report writing websites au they required for domestic or other purposes, without molestation or the exaction of any fee. We may imagine such a system applied to libraries. Massinger had not the personality to create great farce, and he was too serious to invent trivial farce. The house is new but its occupant has been long and favorably known to your citizens. Each of these defendants had then to take the oath of denial with twelve conjurators, after which they were admitted to the ordeal. He is to regard these “sports of a witty fancy” as “a world of themselves almost as much as fairyland”. It is evident then, that every variety of suitable treatment should be adopted, according to the nature and circumstances of the case. They are recruited from classes whose literature–if we may so extend the term–has been oral rather than written, whose standards of propriety are sometimes those of an earlier and grosser age, whose ideas of right and wrong are beclouded by ignorance and distorted by prejudice. Here, as one would expect, is growing up a school of representative artists, working some with the pen and others with the brush, whose aim and whose high privilege it is to record those relationships on canvas and on the printed page, each in his own fashion, of course, for a love for the outer realities can never do away with that supreme inner reality, a man’s own self that which looks out upon the world and sees that world through its own spectacles. I have often, with feelings of wonder and admiration, had occasion to observe these occurrences. In its dark depths lies bound in chains of iron the serpent Refref, the symbol of evil, otherwise called Apap. The Harpagons, the Orgons, the Arnolphes, the Alcestes, the Sganarelles and the others, have their amusing lop-sidedness, their characteristic tendency swollen to the ridiculous proportions of a tumor, defined from the first by the antithesis in which they are set to the normal members of society. In the Greek and Latin, though the adjective and substantive were separated from one another, the correspondence of their terminations still showed their mutual reference, and the separation did not necessarily occasion any sort of confusion. It is noteworthy that this treatment of words as either nouns or verbs, as we please to employ them, was carried further by Shakespeare than by any other English writer. He wishes you to view him in no other light than that in which, when he places himself in your situation, he really views himself. The very {276} expression “the fashionable world” implies that the full magnificence and luxury of fashion is a monopoly. When they fall in with the natural state of his own mind, he is very apt to overlook them altogether, and either gives them no name at all, or, if he gives them any, it is one which marks rather the subjection and restraint of the passion, than the degree which it still is allowed to subsist in, after it is so subjected and restrained. As a recent and able historian of Yucatan has said, “the only difference was that the natives were changed from pagan idolaters to Christian idolaters.”[191] To this day the belief in sorcerers, witchcraft and magic is as strong as it ever was, and in various instances the very same rites are observed as those which we know from early authors obtained before the conquest. In order to understand this, we must recall one or two facts. The chief of the Chactas has come to the land of the warriors “I come.” “Thou comest.” 2. The account indeed which Hartley has in one place given of successive association as distinct from synchronous seems to have no necessary connection with this last-mentioned principle. The abuses of this custom, however, caused its prohibition under Charlemagne for the reason that it led to the swearing of children of tender and irresponsible age.[131] That legislator, however, contented himself with forbidding those who had once been convicted of perjury from again appearing either as witnesses or conjurators;[132] and the little care that was deemed necessary in their selection under the Carlovingian jurisprudence is shown by a law of Louis le Debonnaire ordering that landless freemen should be allowed to serve as conjurators, though ineligible as witnesses.[133] A truer conception of the course of justice is manifested, some centuries later, by the Bearnese legislation, which required that the _seguidors_ or conjurators, as well as the _testimonis_ or witnesses should be men able to pay the amount at stake, together with the fine incurred by the losing party,[134] or that they should be fair and loyal men, not swayed by enmity.[135] In ecclesiastical trials it would seem that the selection of compurgators rested with the bishop. In a population consisting largely of slaves, who were generally of the same race as their masters, often men of education and intelligence and employed in positions of confidence, legal proceedings must frequently have turned upon their evidence, in both civil and criminal cases.
I saw plainly that the consciousness of my own feelings which is made the foundation of my continued interest in them could not extend to what had never been, and might never be, that my identity with myself must be confined to the connection between my past and present being, that with respect to my future feelings or interests, they could have no communication with, or influence over my present feelings and interests merely because they were future, that I shall be hereafter affected by the recollection of my past feelings and actions, and my remorse be equally heightened by reflecting on my past folly and late-earned wisdom whether I am really the same being, or have only the same consciousness renewed in me, but that to suppose that this remorse can react in the reverse order on my present feelings, or give me an immediate interest in my future feelings, before it exists, is an express contradiction in terms. CHAMPIONS. They are not peculiar to the Tinne; they recur in the Klamath. He is a huge fellow without bones or joints. I _do_ know a man of genius who is a coxcomb in his dress, and in every thing else. Any athlete, who confided in his strength and dexterity with his weapons, could acquire property by simply challenging its owner to surrender his land or fight for it. Mr. A woman accused three men on suspicion of being concerned in the murder of her husband. Hamlet (the man) is dominated by an emotion which is inexpressible, because it is in _excess_ of the facts as they appear. Even as early as St. Yet just because it is an individual temper, humour confers its chief benefits on its possessor in the privacy of life. I have been astonished that some writers should bring up the primary meaning of a word in an American language in order to infer the coarseness of its secondary meaning. {37a} The whole superficies of these enormous shoals is equal to about one-fifth of the whole area of the German Ocean, or to about one-third of the whole extent of England and Scotland. The greatest portrait-painter the world ever saw used to write under his pictures, ‘_Titianus faciebat_,’ signifying that they were imperfect; and in his letter to Charles V. From this type of play, so eloquent of emotional disorder, there was no swing back of the pendulum. For thee, we will let thee see the bride, she is my daughter, of me, the great chief; she is young; she is beautiful as the lily of the waters; she is straight as the white birch; her eyes are like unto the tears of gum that distil from the trees; she knows how to prepare the meats for the warriors and the sap of the sugar maple; she knows how to knit the fishing nets and keep in order the weapons of war—we will show thee the bride. In this sense, luck confronts us at every turn, and no one can deny its existence. On the contrary, we should be vexed if he did not seem to be entertained with it, and we could no longer take any pleasure in reading it to him. I am no merchant in metaphysics. Neither can it be shown according to this principle that a man is entitled to take an oath of this nature, regardless of potential conflicting obligations, on the score that such an oath is merely in conformance with the postulates of Truth, since the question of the Rightness or Wrongness of shedding blood under all circumstances is not susceptible of ultimate proof, but must remain finally on the authority of an _ipse dixit_, or of Utility. Etymologically, therefore, those who love are alike; they are the _same_ in such respects that they are attracted to one another, on the proverbial principle that “birds of a feather flock together.” Now turning to the word _love_, German _liebe_, Russian _lubov_, _lubity_, we find that it leads us quite a different road. It may be, then, that if personal relations between librarian and reader can be set up through the written word, there may be something of this kind even in long-distance, closed-shelf circulation. Hence the delight which we all take in raillery, and in the small vexation which we observe in our companion, when he is pushed, and urged, and teased upon all sides. Though it leaves the nomination of the conjurators to the defendant, the choice is subject to limitations which placed it virtually in the power of the court. If we are not contented with this feeling on the subject, we shall never sit in Cassiopeia’s chair, nor will our names, studding Ariadne’s crown or streaming with Berenice’s locks, ever make ‘the face of heaven so bright, That birds shall sing, and think it were not night.’ Those who are in love only with noise and show, instead of devoting themselves to a life of study, had better hire a booth at Bartlemy-Fair, or march at the head of a recruiting regiment with drums beating and colours flying! Although Bishop Thiel supplies a number of verbal forms from this dialect, the plan of their construction is not obvious. His best work is about half imagination and half form. When we thus regard it as a penalty on those who by misconduct had forfeited the confidence of their fellow-men, the system loses part of its absurdity, in proportion as it departs from the principle under which it was established. We very often shrink from immediate pain, though we know that it is necessary to our obtaining some important object; and at other times undergo the most painful operations in order to avoid some greater evil at a distance.—In the sense which the objection implies, my love of another is not the love of myself but as it operates to produce my own good. Violent hunger, for example, though upon many occasions not only natural, but unavoidable, is always indecent, and to eat voraciously is universally regarded as a piece of ill manners. They utterly lack initiative, but for other reasons than the persons whose cases have been discussed above. What difference would this make in its outward appearance either to the man himself or to any one else? E. A perfect self-control in the matter of laughter {421} pre-supposes much more than a report writing websites au dread of inflicting pain upon the hearer, whether he be the object of the laughter or ready to identify himself with that object. The town is supposed to decide what it can give to support a library and then the Carnegie Committee is willing to capitalize this at ten per cent. Far from wishing to mortify your self-estimation, he is happy to cherish it, in hopes that in return you will cherish his own. The little in thought and internal sentiment is a natural relief and set off to the oppressive sense of external magnificence. In peaceable and quiet times, those two principles generally coincide and lead to the same conduct. _Messieurs, je veux des m?urs_, was constantly in the French Ruler’s mouth. The circumstance attending this catastrophe caused in little minds derision and contempt, from the failure of the experiment. This very curious analysis was also delivered with great gravity by Mr. The resources of a mature faculty of humour may lend themselves to the end of an enjoyable contemplation of one’s social world, both in its parts and as a whole. Try to stimulate it. The sole principle and motive of our conduct in the performance of all those different duties, ought to be a sense that God has commanded us to perform them. It is, indeed, a slight deformity, affecting the skin of the eyebrow only, and is not at all infrequent in the white race. In some writings, _e.g._, those of Sir Thos. Glanville makes no allusion to it, and though Bracton shows a wide acquaintance with the revived Roman jurisprudence, and makes extensive use of it in all matters where it could be advantageously harmonized with existing institutions, he is careful to abstain from introducing torture into criminal procedure.[1814] A clause in Magna Charta, indeed, has been held by high authority to inhibit the employment of torture, but it has no direct allusion to the subject, which was not a living question at the time, and was probably not thought of by any of the parties to that transaction.[1815] In fact, the whole spirit of English law was irreconcilable with the fundamental principles of the inquisitorial process. Whereas in Shakespeare the effect is due to the way in which the characters _act upon_ one another, in Jonson it is given by the way in which the characters _fit in_ with each other. But when he compares those two objects with one another, he does not view them in the light in which they naturally appear to himself, but in that in which they appear to the nation he fights for. I am unable to ascertain, from any traditionary treatment of this case, whether the habit of gyration originated in some diseased imagination; or was merely, as I believe is more frequently the case, a habit which he had acquired report writing websites au from long confinement in a small space.
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With increasing civilization there are certain things that become more and more indecent, and others that become less and less so, owing to the shifting of points of view. The familiar fact that the readiness to laugh increases with practice, points to the same need of a certain comfortable assurance lying safely below the slight superficial apprehensions which are excited by the stimuli. Attempts at such exploitation have by no means been lacking in the past. Those words, however, might not, and probably would not, for a long time have any meaning, but might resemble the syllables which we make use of in _fol-faing_, or the {416} _derry-down-down_ of our common ballads; and serve only to assist the voice in forming sounds proper to be modulated into melody, and to be lengthened or shortened according to the time and measure of the tune. The half of it was called _betan_ or _patan_, meaning “to the middle of the chest.” Canes and cords were cut of the fixed length of the _zap_ and bore the name _xapalche_, _zap_sticks, as our _yard-stick_ (_che_ == stick), and _hilppiz_, measuring rods (_hil_, a species of cane, and _ppiz_, to measure, _Dicc. 11. By over-much confinement and coercion, this patient would soon have become a settled case of furious and destructive mania; but by great liberality, and using restraint occasionally, the habit is much lessened: still, however, the propensity exists, and might be easily aggravated. The second of the two classes into which we have divided infractions of library rules consists of those that are also contrary to statute law or municipal regulation. Livingston, they are demanded with eagerness by those accused of witchcraft, confident in their own innocence and believing that the guilty alone can suffer. This means, as already hinted, that some inquiry be made into the act of laughing itself, the manner of it, and the circumstances which accompany it, and that this inquiry be carried out in the most comprehensive way possible. I know of no way of estimating the real value of objects in all their bearings and consequences, but I can tell at once their intellectual value by the degree of passion or sentiment the very idea and mention of them excites in the mind. The plot does not hold the play together; what sample of note card for research paper holds the play together is a unity of inspiration that radiates into plot and personages alike. In the entertaining effect of new things we have found an element of the laughter which springs from a sudden expansion of joy. It was the descent of the spirit, the divine Annunciation. and in all the exertions that you have made, in all the violences that you have done to yourselves, what is there that He ought to place to His own account? Do they not quarrel with their neighbours, placard their opponents, supplant those on their own side of the question? To describe all this in detail, would be to write volumes. It was objected to Pompey, that he came in upon the victories of Lucullus, and gathered those laurels which were due to the fortune and valour of another. But if you think you can create in your community a library as good, we will say, as Mr. “They wrote their books on a large sheet doubled into folds, which was afterwards inclosed between two boards, which they decorated handsomely. The man who solicits an office for another, without obtaining it, is regarded as his friend, and seems to deserve his love and affection. Have the worst of them been cleared out, like the breed of noxious animals? The Earth’s revolution round its own axis took away the necessity for supposing the first, and the second was easily conceived when by itself. Divines of the solemnity of Barrow and Warburton might do much harm, if they could succeed in silencing the ridicule of the half-believers and the sceptics. It is said that high officials once passed unhappy days and nights waiting for an invitation to dinner. The proportions which are admired in one animal, are altogether different from those which are esteemed in another. With regard to tenses, he gives eight preterits and four futures; and it cannot be said that they are formed simply by adding adverbs of time, as the theme itself takes a different form in several of them, _aran_, _aras_, _aragts_, etc. Of these pronouns, that of the first person is usually the most developed. He ‘treads the primrose path of dalliance,’ or ascends ‘the highest heaven of invention,’ or falls flat to the ground. How much could one of you have extorted from an advertiser if you had made him believe that you had some kind of a pull that would enable you to placard his wares not on Smith’s fence or Jones’s barn, but actually on the inside of the St. For this purpose, I propose to write the following Essays: 1st.—On Classification, and Tables in Illustration.
paper of sample note for card research. They obtain this, of course, in the same way that they obtain education from books, namely, by the acquisition of new ideas or mental images. We must learn all about these, but the time will come when we shall leave the library school and enter the library. (8) Don’t buy subscription books of an agent at a personal interview; it is the agent’s game not to let you think; stand up for your rights and think it over. This has not been the case, probably because the geologic deposits of the tropics have been less investigated. Records of this kind and moving-picture films, made of permanent material and carefully prepared to show existing conditions would have very high future value. But still the characters themselves are altogether arbitrary, and have no sort of affinity or correspondence with the articulate sounds which they denote. {461} ‘In a year after seeing,’ adds Mr. These sentiments, like all others when inspired by one and the same object, mutually support and enliven one another: an object with which we are quite familiar, and which we see every day, produces, though both great and beautiful, but a small effect upon us; because our admiration is not supported either by Wonder or by Surprise: and if we have heard a very accurate description of a monster, our Wonder will be the less when we see it; because our previous knowledge of it will in a great measure prevent our Surprise. She slily waits around the villages, and when she sees some attractive youth she awakes his attention by tapping on the stones, or in default of these on an empty jar which she carries for the purpose. There is pleasure (an innocent and well-meaning one) in keeping a friend in suspense, in not putting one’s-self out of one’s way for his ill humours and apprehensions (though one would not for the world do him a serious injury), as there is in dangling the finny prey at the end of a hook, or in twirling round a cock-chaffer after sticking a pin through him at the end of a string,—there is no malice in the case, no deliberate cruelty, but the buzzing noise and the secret consciousness of superiority to any annoyance or inconvenience ourselves lull the mind into a delightful state of listless torpor sample of note card for research paper and indifference. So that on the whole we may say that the performance was an interesting one. Yet the confusion of ranks due to the universalising of education is small and unimpressive when compared with that arising from another cause. It is not even said anywhere that such is the case, but I had got it in my head that the rude sketches of old-fashioned houses, stone-walls, and stumps of trees represented the scenes at Annecy and Vevay, where he who relished all more sharply than others, and by his own intense aspirations after good had nearly delivered mankind from the yoke of evil, first drew the breath of hope. My own opinion, which some may regard as heretical, is that taste can not be cultivated, in literature, or art, or music, to any considerable extent by study. The nearest approach however to the principle of the ordeal which has thus far been deciphered is found in the imprecations commonly expressed in contracts, donations, and deeds, by which the gods are invoked to shed all the curses that can assail humanity on the heads of those who shall evade the execution of their plighted faith, or seek to present false claims. When not speaking, she stands in general quite still. The same sort of reasoning is applicable to the question whether all good is not to be resolved into one simple principle, or essence, or whether all that is really good or pleasurable in any sensation is not the same identical feeling, an infusion of the same level of good, and that all the rest is perfectly foreign to the nature of good and is merely the form or vehicle in which it is conveyed to the mind. It was just the instinctive expression of a feeling of bodily satisfaction. It was sprinkled with the blood of a sacrificial bull, and then the oath was taken by invoking Freyr and Niord, and the almighty As to help the swearer as he should maintain truth and justice.[46] Yet so little did all these precautions serve to curb the untruthfulness of the cunning sea-kings that in Viga-Glums Saga we find Glum denying a charge of murder by an oath taken in three temples, in which he called Odin to witness in words so craftily framed that while he was in reality confessing his guilt he apparently was denying it most circumstantially.[47] Similarly in Christian times, the most venerated forms of religion were, from a very early period, called in to lend sanctity to the imprecation, by devices which gave additional solemnity to the awful ceremony. A child of four will laugh on being tickled much more vigorously than one of two.[121] Moreover, the effect of repeated exercises of the function would seem, as already {189} hinted, to involve the setting up in the motor-centres, from which the discharge in laughter issues, a condition of high instability, so that a very slight application of the stimulus, or (as in the case of tickling) the mere threat to apply this, suffices to evoke the reaction. As for the rest, there are merely various degrees of intelligence. LIMITATIONS ON THE WAGER OF BATTLE. Of the Maya Codices known, only four have been published, which I will mention in the order of their appearance. That this action is physiologically continuous with {28} the smile has already been suggested. Libraries gave no attention to children. [38] This description with a slight variation is taken from “Ibsen’s Quintessence.” [39] It may be objected that the idea of the conservation of the psyche is only intelligible on the assumption of a pre-somatic, as well as a post-somatic existence, or that it necessarily involves some form of transmigration. A statement of the recovery of such patients, though it may serve to exalt the writer in public estimation, is wrong in itself, and very injurious in its influence; for it increases the unreasonable horrors and false impressions entertained about the insane, and propagates and perpetuates the evils of which the public and legislature complain. Some differentiation of groups within the community seems necessary, not merely for the constitution of a society, but for the free play of the laughing spirit. Of these as many are placed on the altar of the church as the person making the offering has deceased relatives for whose well-being he is solicitous. An unguarded word from a friend will occasion a more durable uneasiness. An ecclesiastic of good repute decoyed a goldsmith into his house, and murdered him to obtain possession of some valuables, cutting up the body, with the assistance of a younger sister, and hiding the members in a drain. If you consider yourself as something separated and detached, it is agreeable to your nature to live to old age, to be rich, to be in health.
It is probable therefore, that such abstract terms would be of much later institution. “His foot” is _w’uchsut_, where the initial _w_ is the possessive, and does not belong in the word sample of note card for research paper for foot. If, then, we must be very careful in applying terms of censure, like “diffuse,” we must be equally careful of praise. Grief and joy, when conceived upon account of our own private good or bad fortune, constitute this third set of passions. _ha_, you. These principles are custom and fashion, principles which extend their dominion over our judgments concerning beauty of every kind. 4. A large part of the system under which any institution is conducted has for its object the utilization of every bit of time. But in the other instance, Fortune has evidently played Nature a trick, ‘To throw a cruel sunshine on a fool.’ N. When it has gone on so far that a contact is established with other human minds, this development takes a special turn that differentiates it from any training that the lower animals receive–that makes it a link in the education of the race. The approaching death of his neighbour, too, seldom fails to affect him a good deal. There is nothing in itself which renders it either ungraceful or disagreeable. By what important accomplishments is the young nobleman instructed to support the dignity of his rank, and to render himself worthy of that superiority over his fellow citizens, to which the virtue of his ancestors had raised them: Is it by knowledge, by industry, by patience, by self-denial, or by virtue of any kind? Whether it was the original cause of his mental malady, I have not been able to ascertain, but it is certain, it aggravated it. Its considerable altitude above the surface of the beach, its unwieldy structure, from the timbers employed, and above all, its extent towards the sea being limited, accounts for its partial destruction in the storm alluded to. He may grumble because the time limit on his book has expired before he has finished reading it, unmindful of the fact that some of his fellow readers are anxiously waiting for it. Great chief, old man, I enter. Now, if we are going to buy this ephemeral literature, we must get it quickly or not at all. A superior may, indeed, sometimes, with universal approbation, oblige those under his jurisdiction to behave, in this respect, with a certain degree of propriety to one another. But still there are certain combinations of colours which are fitted to represent to the eye, both the near and the distant, both the advancing and the receding lines, angles, and surfaces of the tangible cube; and there are others fitted to represent, in the same manner, both the near and the receding surface of the tangible globe. The second was necessary in order to render him anxious to be really fit.
Essayedge statement of purpose
Nay more, if we are to feel or do nothing for which we cannot assign a precise reason, why we cannot so much as walk, speak, hear, or see, without the same unconscious, implicit faith—not a word, not a sentence but hangs together by a number of imperceptible links, and is a bundle of prejudices and abstractions. The one are for detecting and weeding out all corruptions and abuses in doctrine or worship: the others enrich theirs with the dust and cobwebs of antiquity, and think their ritual none the worse for the tarnish of age. The consolations of religion apart, this is perhaps the only salve that takes out the sting of that sore evil, Death; and by lessening the impatience and alarm at his approach, often tempts him to prolong the term of his delay. But I have observed that whenever I have been waked up suddenly, and not left to myself to recover from this state of mental torpor, I have been always dreaming of something, _i.e._ thinking, according to the tenor of the question. If so, they will become still less like gay-hearted children than they now are, and will have to brighten the chamber of life, as it loses the blithe morn-given light, with the genial glow of humour. He has an idea (a feeling, an image), he develops it by accretion or expansion, alters his verse often, and hesitates often over the final choice.[9] The idea, of course, simply comes, but upon arrival it is subjected to prolonged manipulation. On the contrary, he distinctly states that every language he had examined shows traces of all three plans; but the preponderance of one plan over the other is so marked and so distinctive that they afford us the best means known for the morphological classification of languages, especially as these traits arise from psychological operations widely diverse, and of no small influence on the development of the intellect. An unsatisfactory person could be summarily rejected after trial for a specified period, and as many such were on the list, there was rapid rotation in office in this part of the force. A good sort of woman is a character more rare than any of these, but it is equally durable. But having obtained the library and done what it considered its whole duty in the premises, Greenwich Village, not being a community of readers, proceeded to leave us to our own devices and it was only after months of up-hill work that the Branch succeeded in getting anything like a respectable circulation. Nothing remained, he thought, but to suppose it a faculty of a peculiar kind, with which Nature had endowed the human mind, in order to produce this one particular and important effect. Thus, Lumholtz writes of the pantomimic dances of the Australian blacks,[211] and Ling Roth assures us that the Tasmanians have their drolls and mountebanks, who exhibit the peculiarities of individuals with considerable force.[212] Among the Sumatrans, again, are to be found “characters of humour,” who by buffoonery, mimicry, punning, repartee and satire are able to keep the company in laughter at intervals during a night’s entertainment.[213] In some cases jesters are appointed by a chief, just as a fool used to be selected by one of our kings. The objects of avarice and ambition differ only in their greatness. I can almost pick out at sight the library assistants whose training has been in schools where obedience has been the chief thing inculcated, the following of rules and formulas, the reverence for standards and authority. That is to say, its gay treble note is complicated by an undertone, a resonance of the sadness of its _milieu_. where it is more than seventy miles broad, and still moves at the same rate of seventy five miles per day. In this case when the action of A ceases or grows very weak, we may suppose that the tendency to B will be gradually revived, and at last completely overpower that of A, because these are the only impressions existing in the mind, and it must consequently incline to one or other of them, which would be equally the case, whether they had been impressed together, or not. Play ceases to be pure play just as soon as the end, for example conquest, begins to be regarded as a thing of consequence to the player; and, in like manner, laughter ceases to be pure mirth just as soon as the end, say the invention of a witticism, is envisaged as a solid personal advantage, such as heightened reputation.[84] A like remark applies to the intrusion of the serious attitude into play essayedge statement of purpose when this takes on an elaborate form requiring some concentration of attention. It is companion to another whole-length by the same artist, No. This closeness of contact with a public collection of books is largely a modern idea. It was a double offence to them—an aggravation of the encroachments of his genius. Each Planet is sometimes observed to advance forward in that eastern course which is peculiar to itself, sometimes to retire backwards, and sometimes again to stand still. It is painful, dry, and laboured. When we call a mode of doing a thing a fashion, we imply, quite unknowingly perhaps, that it has not the cachet of a change for the better, and that as such it has no security of tenure. His main instrument is the _zaztun_, “the clear stone” (_zaz_, clear, transparent; _tun_, stone). This does not destroy the playful character of the activity so long as the end is not viewed as matter of serious import. The awful laws of propriety soon tend to give the look of playful licence to certain bodily postures, especially that of lying down. It is from them, therefore, that we shall begin to give her history in any detail. “He who asks to be made judge will not be assisted; and he who is made judge by compulsion, God sends down to him an angel, who causes his actions and sentences to be just.” To one who hesitated to accept the office, the Prophet said, “God will direct your heart, and show you judicial ways, and fix your tongue in truth and justice.” On the other hand, when a judge is unjust, “he separates from himself the assistance and favor of God, and the devil is always with him.” It was hard on litigants when the tribunal might be presided over by either Allah or Eblis, but they had no recourse, except in the oath, which was the corner-stone of Mahomet’s judicial system. In the second place—and this is of more importance—the recognition of an object as funny presupposes the work of experience in organising a rudimentary feeling for what is customary. In some states, including my own, the library is removed from such ill-luck as this by a statutory provision fixing its public income, subject to proper checks and taking away the ability of an individual’s illness or indisposition to lower it. In this new and more circumscribed career, they set out with exploding the sense of all those who have gone before them, as of too light and fanciful a texture. The library assistant who hands one of these to a reader is mal-employed. His memory lives on; let it live with peculiar force and vividness in this library, in its attitude toward those whom it serves–in the affection which they in turn feel toward an institution that has long been, and will long continue to be a center of literary, civic and intellectual force in the city where Riley lived and wrote. Yet it is well known to students that the power of forming abstracts is possessed in a remarkable degree by many native languages. Both are formed by the usual rules from the monosyllable _ya_.[374] Were the ancient Mayas so sensitive to love’s wounds and the pangs of passion as to derive their very words for suffering from the name of this sentiment? Montgomery is a very pleasing poet, and a strenuous politician. Footnote 23: Hence the peculiar horror of cannibalism from the stronger sympathy with our own sensations, and the greater violence that is done to it by the sacrilegious use of what once possessed human life and feeling. _be_, thou. His ways of thinking and feeling isolate him from both the Elizabethan and the later Caroline mind. The resistance of the will to outward circumstances, its determination to create its own good or evil, is also a part of the same constitution of the mind. That self-command, in the same manner, by which we restrain our present appetites, in order to gratify them more fully upon another occasion, is approved of, as much under the aspect of propriety, as under that of utility. And if so, does not this imply that we have present to the mind the proper belongings of the hat, _viz._, the father’s head and figure? Triviality is objectionable only when it masquerades as importance. Certain works of philosophy can be called works of art: much of Aristotle and Plato, Spinoza, parts of Hume, Mr. Poets, on the contrary, who are continually throwing off the superfluities of feeling or fancy in little sportive sallies and short excursions with the Muse, do not find the want of any greater or more painful effort of thought; leave the ascent of the ‘highest Heaven of Invention’ as a holiday task to persons of more mechanical habits and turn of mind; and the characters of poet and sceptic are now often united in the same individual, as those of poet and prophet were supposed to be of old. What is known of the hard-worked slave of antiquity is suggestive not merely of play after toil, but of a safe turning on task-masters. What a keen, laughing, hair-brained vein of home-felt truth! But while etymologically satisfactory, the appropriateness of this derivation is not at once apparent. When the armies were drawn up at Carberry Hill, Bothwell again came forward and renewed his challenge. If he does take it into account, he feels that the troubles resulting from conflicts of jurisdiction will be more easily dealt with than those consequent upon a refusal to respond to the present demands of the work. It is added that, taking advantage of a quibble as to the kind of instrument employed, he lapsed again into the sin of shaving, when the anger of Heaven manifested itself by allowing him to fall into the hands of an enemy, who put out his eyes.[1276] Yet, on the other hand, the ordeal sometimes was regarded as the most satisfactory kind of proof, entitled to respect beyond any other species of evidence. Mathematicians and natural philosophers, from their independency upon the public opinion, have little temptation to form themselves into factions and cabals, either for the support of their own reputation, or for the depression of that of their rivals. IV. Ah, dear Rinaldo! There are not many philosophical doctrines, perhaps, established upon a more probable foundation, than that of the propagation of Sound by means of the pulses or vibrations of the air. Exercise and practice have been wanting; and without these no habit can ever be tolerably established. This is not the case with the Abbe Sieyes’s far-famed ‘pigeon-holes,’ nor with the comparison of the Duke of Bedford to ‘the Leviathan, tumbling about his unwieldy bulk in the ocean of royal bounty.’ Nothing here saves the description but the force of the invective; the startling truth, the vehemence, the remoteness, the aptitude, the perfect peculiarity and coincidence of the allusion. About two hundred yards from the forest peat at Bacton, the second lacustrine bed occurs. “There is nothing in either of these tongues to show that these tense-signs have independent meaning, and therefore there is no reason why they should not be classed with those of the Greek and Sanscrit as true inflectional elements.”[285] The theory of Incorporation, it will be noted, is to express the whole proposition, as nearly as possible, in one word; and what part essayedge statement of purpose of it cannot be thus expressed, is left without any syntax whatever. As Epicurus placed happiness in the attainment of ease and security, he exerted himself in a particular manner to show that virtue was, not merely the best and the surest, but the only means of acquiring those invaluable possessions. But despite the failure of this particular effort at standardization, there seems to be a feeling that library incomes should be so far standardized as to be calculable from the particular set of circumstances under which the library is working. So I have been accused of denying the merits of Pitt, from political dislike and prejudice: but who is there that has praised Burke more than I have? It was like peeling off the coats of an onion, which is a work of time and patience. H—yd—n’s is like a game at trap-ball: L—’s like snap-dragon: and my own (if I do not mistake the matter) is not very much unlike a game at nine-pins!… So far as I know, however, this work remains to be accomplished, and it is because I still think it desirable that I welcome this opportunity of restating the situation and making some attempt to illustrate it and to indicate what may and should be done in the premises. Allen’s making her useful as her deputy in every thing in the house, either in matters of a household nature, or in attending upon others. It seems to me no longer ago than yesterday. Under the Republic, the free citizen was not liable to it, and the evidence of slaves was not received without it. It was in them, therefore, that the first philosophers, of whose doctrine we have any distinct account, appeared. Adrian of Zala, by which, among other privileges, the pious king bound himself to supply a champion in all suits against the abbey, in order that the holy meditations of the monks might not be interrupted.[477] Not long after, in 1033, the celebrated abbey of St. In dealing with this type of theory, it seems only fair to test it in the more mature form given it by a recent writer. Humour as amusement is something agreeable and cheering. This holds good to some extent of the constituents of humour, since amusement and something like tender regard for him who amuses us are plainly allied. The quickness of the eye of mirth for expressions of the mood of romping play is seen in a child’s laughter, already referred to, at the gambols of a horse or other animal. Moral and poetical truth is like expression in a picture—the one is not to be attained by smearing over a large canvas, nor the other by bestriding a vague topic. Leland made himself acquainted with Algonkin mythology in general, he would have found that this is but one of several, to our thinking, opprobrious names they applied to their highest divinity, their national hero, and the reputed saviour and benefactor of their race. ‘The labour we delight in physics pain.’ Denner finished his unmeaning portraits with a microscope, and without being ever weary of his fruitless task; for the essence of his genius was industry. He cannot be denied to be an expert speaker, a lively companion, who is never at a loss for something to say on every occasion or subject that offers: he, by the same rule, will make a respectable writer, who, by dint of study, can find out any thing good to say upon any one point that has not been touched upon before, or who, by asking for time, can give the most complete and comprehensive view of any question. In all such cases the properties of the whole depend, it is true, on the properties of the components, but not by simple addition. Allusion has already been made to the influence of the Inquisition in introducing the use of torture. Like the former, it has been subject to the encroachments of the ocean for a series of years, and is now reduced to a small village. He is as well acquainted with St. Bacton or Backton, termed in the Doomsday Book Baketuna, is situated about four miles and a half north-east by east of North Walsham. We are capable, it may be said, of resolving, and essayedge statement of purpose even of taking measures to execute, many things which, when it comes to the point, we feel ourselves altogether incapable of executing. One of the Pawnee war-songs has a curious metaphysical turn. We discover among the hundreds of curious figures which it presents, determinatives, as in the Egyptian inscriptions, and numerous ideograms. And therefore, in a country destitute of living criticism, Mr. Neither would the removal of necessary regulation of library traffic–the free distribution of books through the appointed public agencies. Nevertheless, _Comus_ is the death of the masque; it is the transition of a form of art—even of a form which existed for but a short generation—into “literature,” literature cast in a form which has lost its application. All this contributed toward the high-brow effect which is so depressing; and we imagine that the actors of Athens, who had to speak clearly enough for 20,000 auditors to be able to criticize the versification, would have been pelted with figs and olives had they mumbled so unintelligibly as most of this troupe. In fact, it is tantamount to the conferring a certain reputation in his profession and a competence on any man, and thus supplies the wants of the body and sets his mind at ease. The abandonment of the serious attitude in church when some trivial incident occurs is an instance of a lowering of the dignity of a thing, or an occasion, which refreshes {141} us with a sense of liberation.[80] This idea carries us much farther than the author thinks. of essayedge purpose statement.
Cat ate my homework poem
This meddling with nature seldom succeeds; nature usually overcomes these obstacles. Hence the multiplicity of weird utterances which cultivated humanity has adopted. _ru vach qux_, from the middle of the breast to the end of the outstretched hand. In making such recommendation, the librarian must, of course, satisfy himself that his candidates are fit, and it is proper that he should adopt any system that commends itself to him for ascertaining that they are so. It accepts your publicity material and makes it available, not because it wants to boom your product at the expense of some other, but because it thinks that your material contains something of value to the business man. Does the dweller in the community turn as naturally to the library for intellectual help as he does to the church for religious consolation? And viewed from the proper angle, this is correct; every chief librarian has his favorites; they are those on whom he has learned that he can depend, not only for solid and accurate knowledge of facts and methods but also for quick and ready response to cat ate my homework poem the slightest change of conditions–for appreciation of what is needed in a given set of unusual circumstances and resourcefulness in devising new methods or modifying old ones to meet the emergency–what I have already summed up in the one word initiative. To begin with, one may note a certain arbitrariness in the use of a mode of interpretation which plainly allows of an alternative. The Sense of Touching alone {439} seems not to be confined to any particular organ, but to be diffused through almost every part of the body; if we except the hair and the nails of the fingers and toes, I believe through every part of it. To the same causes may be attributed the absence of torture from the Common Law of England. A cat that “plays” with its captive mouse, half-pretending, as it seems, not to see the small thing’s hopeless attempt to “bolt,” may, perhaps, be enjoying something of the exultant chuckle of a human victor. Mrs. This is I believe the doctrine of sympathy advanced by Adam Smith in his ‘Theory of Moral Sentiments.’ It is in fact neither self-love nor benevolence, neither fear nor compassion, nor voluntary attachment to any thing, but an unmeaning game of battledore and shuttlecock kept up between the nerves and muscles. No library, so far as I know, has ever thought of barring this from its shelves because it contains actual thin sections of the various woods instead of pictures thereof. Two pieces of twig, precisely similar, were taken, one of which was marked with a cross; they were then wrapped up separately in white wool and laid on the altar; prayers were recited, invoking God to reveal the innocence or guilt of the party, and the priest, or a sinless youth, took up one of the bundles. The second fragment of Quiche mythology which I shall analyze is one that relates to the Gods of the Storm. No. Most universities now give courses for which no textbook is available. As illustrations of the phoneticism of Mexican writing I show two compounds, quoted by M. So with the reading public. It is comparatively easy to steer clear of them and to defeat them. But the same thing will follow, if we suppose the principle itself to be this very organ, that is, to want comprehensiveness, elasticity, and plastic force. It was all the difference between a man drunk or sober, sane or mad. The equally ancient family of Boltons carry a device representing a cask or _tun_, transfixed by a cross-bow or _bolt_. Charles Whibley, in an introduction the tone of which is well suited to the matter, has several sentences which throw light on Wyndham’s personality. This breach, moreover, carries with it a plump descent into the depths of the undignified; for since society has willed to throw the veil here any attempt to uplift it implies something shameful. That laughing is good, physically and morally, for cat ate my homework poem its individual subjects has become a commonplace, at least to the student of literature. If the reader of a book cannot do this, he is not regarded as at all skilled. Whatever I shall say upon it, if not directly borrowed from Dr. The Latin is a composition of the Greek and of the ancient Tuscan languages. Substitute for such commercial products as dyes, sealskin, fertilizers, etc. The library assistant who circulates these is mal-employed. To this finer penetration the humorous faculty adds a vision for relations which distinguishes the higher kind of judgment. But, notwithstanding this difference, those sentiments bear a very considerable resemblance to one another. We have many in which it comes in after the eighth: Yet oft, before his infant eyes, would run, &c.
Should this be the librarian, or a committee of the trustees, or the board itself, or an advisory committee of outsiders? Elsewhere he defines the _vara_ as half a _braza_ or fathom. Water, however (one of the fluids with which we are most familiar), when confined on all sides (as in a hollow globe of metal, which is first filled with it, and then sealed hermetically), has been found to resist pressure as much as the very hardest, or what we commonly call the most solid bodies. We wonder at the change, and think there must be some mistake, some leger-de-main trick played off upon us, by which what before appeared so fine now appears to be so worthless. _R._ No. W.H. Always remember in discussing these statistics that they are not so much a record of work done as a rough proportional indication of that work, and are therefore of relative, not of absolute interest. Of course I do not mean to say that knowledge of history and technique is not interesting and valuable. As this punishment was usually administered with the scourge, it will be seen that the abolition of torture was illusory, and that the worst abuses to which it gave rise were carefully retained.[1866] Indeed, if we are to accept literally some letters of M. They may think you a spy on them, and may not like their company. The signs of these nocturnal struggles are seen the next day in trees broken down and uprooted, the ground torn up, and large stones split and thrown around. The agent commonly applied is the finger or a still softer body, such as a feather. Children and savages are almost entirely emotional, in the sense that they think emotionally and have no power of intellectual detachment. A statesman, having a large majority behind him, would probably best show his wisdom by discouraging the laughter of his own side and instructing it how to welcome that of the despised minority. At times it ceased altogether, and her more happy state supervened, when she was full of hope and self-esteem, of life and activity, the very antipodes of her former state. For, lo! A series of papal bulls from 1256 to 1266 authorized inquisitors and their assistants to grant mutual absolution and dispensation for irregularities,[1547] and thus they were able to take the business of inflicting torture into their own hands—an opportunity of which they availed themselves fully. “Crook’d ways” is a metaphor; Massinger’s phrase only the ghost of a metaphor. I confess no light appears to me to be thrown on the subject by cat ate my homework poem saying that it is partial identity. ‘The same indefatigable mind—a mind of all work—which thus ruled the Continent with a rod of iron, the sword—within the walls of the House of Commons ruled a more distracted region with a more subtle and finely-tempered weapon, the tongue; and truly, if this _was_ the only weapon his Lordship wielded there, where he had daily to encounter, and frequently almost alone, enemies more formidable than Buonaparte, it must be acknowledged that he achieved greater victories than Demosthenes or Cicero ever gained in far more easy fields of strife; nay, he wrought miracles of speech, outvying those miracles of song, which Orpheus is said to have performed, when not only men and brutes, but rocks, woods, and mountains, followed the sound of his voice and lyre…. The numerical concepts one, two, three, four, cannot be expressed in these languages for lack of terms with any such meaning.[355] This was a great puzzle to the missionaries when they undertook to expound to their flocks the doctrine of the Trinity. The discovery of some such resemblance united the new object to an assortment of things, with which the imagination was perfectly acquainted. Is there then an express organ for this; since dolls are not literally children? If the earth, it was said, revolved so rapidly from west to east, a perpetual wind would set in from east to west, more violent than what blows in the greatest hurricanes; a stone, thrown westwards would fly to a much greater distance than one thrown with the same force eastwards; as what moved in a direction, contrary to the motion of the Earth, would necessarily pass over a greater portion of its surface, than what, with the same velocity, moved along with it. The world are not grateful _for nothing_. Both are examples of the injury that may be done by what we may call auto-standardization. filii_ the art seemed to begin and end: they thought only of the subject of their next production, the size of their next canvas, the grouping, the getting of the figures in; and conducted their work to its conclusion with as little distraction of mind and as few misgivings as a stage-coachman conducts a stage, or a carrier delivers a bale of goods, according to its destination. How remote this kind of conception of the ludicrous is from the homely laughter of mortals may be seen in such attempts as are made by these Hegelian thinkers to connect the two. Every class of things has its own peculiar conformation, which is approved of, and has a beauty of its own, distinct from that of every other species. All the great and awful virtues, all the virtues which can fit, either for the council, the senate, or the field, are, by the insolent and insignificant flatterers, who commonly figure the most in such corrupted societies, held in the utmost contempt and derision. Canning grants an interview and plays the amiable—Mr. It is said, that after he had obtained a small vicarage, although not an immoral man, he was gay and expensive in his habits. The ability to provoke laughter is not possessed cat ate my homework poem by all: witness the failure of many meritorious attempts by adults to excite children’s merriment. Probably this is true of most uncivilized tribes. Moliere, though he relies chiefly on character, can only give us comedy by inventing situations in which his figures will have flashed on them the droll light of the comic stage. Those who have studied savage races most intimately and with most unbiased minds have never found their religious fancies merely “puerile and obscene,” as some writers suppose, but significant and didactic. Why? The building must be cared for–lighted and heated; the public must be served. Though the former, therefore, can be measured and appreciated by the proportions of chords or strings, the latter cannot. I quote, as an example, a short prophecy attributed to Ahkul Chel, “priest of the idols.” It is found in several of the oldest Maya manuscripts, and is in all probability authentic, as it contains nothing which would lead us to suppose that it was one of the “pious frauds” of the missionaries. In this the burden of proof is expressly thrown upon the complainant, and no negative evidence is demanded of the defendant, who is specially exempted from the necessity of producing it;[1368] and although in obedience to the chivalrous spirit of the age, the battle ordeal is not abolished, yet it is so limited as to be practically a dead letter, while no other form of negative proof is even alluded to. I’m heartily sick of it, and I’m sure I have reason if any one has. I thought I did both: I knew I did one. A large library welcomes accessions of this kind, just as it does trade catalogs or railroad literature. The learned Burton, for instance, in the chapter already quoted, discourses agreeably of pleasant vapours which break from the heart, and thinks that these may explain why the melancholy are witty, as Aristotle suggested. Indeed, it is known that sleeping persons dream and speak; others dream, speak, hear, and answer; others still dream, rise, do various things, and walk. Oh! The English priest, Thomas Gage, who had a cure in Guatemala about 1630, tells with all seriousness a number of such instances. [17] “Conscience, its Origin and Authority,” p. We must endeavour to view them with the eyes of other {103} people, or as other people are likely to view them. Yet the larger part of literature, not being produced for a ruling caste, does not throw much light on this subject.[230] One can only infer with some probability, from the relations of parents and adults, generally, to children, and of white {264} masters to their coloured slaves, that power has always been tempered by some admixture of good-nature, which composition has produced a certain amount of playful jocosity, at once corrective and cementing. So that if we cannot always exist in an intellectual sphere, we are seldom without that of affection and gratitude; and though it is difficult to prevent, in such scenes as must often assail us, occasional paroxysms of discontent and wearisomeness coming over us, they seldom last long, and they are sometimes cured, as well as brought on, by an occasional peep into the motley world. The expression _bin alic u than uoohe_—literally, “he will speak the words of the letters”—seems to point to a phonetic writing, but as it may be used in a figurative sense, I shall not lay stress on it.[235] _4.—The Existing Codices._ The word _Codex_ ought to be confined, in American arch?ology, to manuscripts in the original writing of the natives. As exemplifying these peculiarities I take the Tinne or Athapascan, spoken widely in British America, and of which the Apache and Navaho in the United States are branches. The late Professor Porson was said to be a match for the Member for Old Sarum in argument and raillery:—he was a profound scholar, and had wit at will—yet what did it come to? Homework poem my ate cat.
1 2 3 179 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7889 | Rachel – Episode 37
Chad talks with Rachel about her confusing relationship with a narcissist who helped her get sober and then almost drove her back to drinking.
Diamond – Episode 36
Chad talks with Diamond about growing up in a dysfunctional family with an emotionally disturbed brother and an abusive mother.
Alex – Episode 35
Chad talks with Alex about the 15 years of devaluation he endured at the hands of his narcissistic ex-wife. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7903 | Doctoral Training Partnerships 2
Through Doctoral Training Partnerships 2 (DTP2), funding for 235 notional studentships was awarded for the 2019-20 academic year. DTP awards are for five annual cohort intakes that start from October 2019.
This funding supports the students' stipends, fees and research training support grant, and allows for training opportunities to develop the technical skills, professional skills and experience of students at each DTP. Each DTP must ensure, over the five years of student starts, that 25% of their total NERC funded studentships are CASE (collaborative) studentships.
NERC DTPs award studentships on behalf of NERC and the DTPs themselves should be contacted for all studentship queries. The DTPs oversee the entire process of awarding PhD studentships and award studentships at their own discretion.
Please do not contact NERC for information concerning applying for studentships.
Partnerships holding NERC DTP2 funding
DTP name DTP administrative lead organisation Hosting partners Name of lead applicant Notional number of studentships for 2019-20
IAPETUS2 - external link Durham University University of Glasgow, Heriot-Watt University, Newcastle University, University of St Andrews, University of Stirling, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), British Geological Survey (BGS), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH) Professor John Wainwright 16
SSCP - external link Imperial College London BGS, CEH, Natural History Museum (NHM), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Zoological Society of London (ZSL) Professor Martin Siegert 14
ENVISION - external link Lancaster University Bangor University, University of Nottingham, BGS, CEH, Rothamsted Research Professor Nicholas Ostle 13
ONE Planet - NERC DTP2 - external link Newcastle University Northumbria University Professor Hayley Fowler 12
London DTP2 - external link University College London Birkbeck University of London, Brunel University London, Institute of Zoology, King's College London, NHM, Queen Mary University of London, Royal Holloway University of London Professor Mark Maslin 13
QUADRAT - external link University of Aberdeen Queens University Belfast Professor Graeme Paton 12
CENTA2 - external link University of Birmingham University of Leicester, University of Warwick, The Open University, Loughborough University, Cranfield University, National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), BGS, National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), CEH Dr Gregor Leckebusch 18
GW4+ DTP2 - external link University of Bristol University of Bath, Cardiff University, University of Exeter, BAS, BGS, CEH, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), NHM Professor Paul Valdes 12
C-CLEAR - external link University of Cambridge BAS Professor Marian Holness 12
ARIES - external link University of East Anglia University of Essex, University of Kent, University of Plymouth, Royal Holloway University of London, BAS, BGS, British Trust for Ornithology, CEH, Earlham Institute, Institute of Zoology, ZSL, John Innes Centre, Marine Biological Association (MBA), PML Professor William Sturges 12
E4 - external link University of Edinburgh BGS, CEH, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scotland's Rural College, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, National Museum Scotland Professor Simon Mudd 18
PANORAMA - external link University of Leeds University of York, University of Hull Dr Sebastian Rost 13
ACCE - external link University of Liverpool University of Sheffield, University of York, CEH, NHM Professor Andy Fenton 14
Doctoral Training Partnership in Environmental Research - external link University of Oxford None Dr Elizabeth Jeffers 16
SCENARIO - external link University of Reading University of Surrey, BGS, CEH, NCAS, NCEO, ZSL Dr Nicolas Bellouin 12
SUPER - external link University of St Andrews University of Aberdeen, Edinburgh Napier University, Heriot-Watt University, University of the Highlands & Islands, Stirling University, Strathclyde University, University of the West of Scotland Professor David Paterson 12
INSPIRE - external link University of Southampton National Oceanography Centre, BAS, NHM, MBA Professor Martin Palmer 16
Total: 235 |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7913 | Node.js is a cutting-edge, open-source, event-driven, asynchronous input/output system used for sites that support interactive communication. A few examples of such sites would be online browser game portals, live chat rooms or hotel booking portals. Node.js handles the info transmitted between the site and its visitors in tiny bits, which accelerates the load speed and the performance of the site substantially. If some form with three boxes should be filled out by a particular user, for instance, usually all three boxes should be filled and the entire content is then delivered as one big chunk of information to the web server. With Node.js, the first box’s content is processed as soon as it is inserted, before the user writes anything in the second box. Therefore, much more info can be handled a lot faster and more efficiently in contrast to any conventional platform, which can exert a significant effect on the website’s performance. Node.js is already being used by some of the leading IT companies like Microsoft and Yahoo. |
global_01_local_0_shard_00002368_processed.jsonl/7917 | Belmont Junior at GOP Convention
Rising junior Meredith Edwards, 20, will be a page at the Republican National Convention in New York City beginning August 30. As a page, Edwards will distribute papers and assist with other duties as assigned for Tennessee delegates to the convention. Edwards is a political science and history major. |
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